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Liu P, Wen W, Yu KF, Tong RWM, Gao X, Lo ECM, Wong MCM. Can oral microbiome predict low birth weight infant delivery? J Dent 2024; 146:105018. [PMID: 38679133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdent.2024.105018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to identify the oral microbiota factors contributing to low birth weight (LBW) in Chinese pregnant women and develop a prediction model using machine learning. METHODS A nested case-control study was conducted in a prospective cohort of 580 Chinese pregnant women, with 23 LBW cases and 23 healthy delivery controls matched for age and smoking habit. Saliva samples were collected at early and late pregnancy, and microbiome profiles were analyzed through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. RESULTS The relative abundance of Streptococcus was over-represented (median 0.259 vs. 0.116) and Saccharibacteria_TM7 was under-represented (median 0.033 vs. 0.068) in the LBW case group than in controls (p < 0.001, p = 0.015 respectively). Ten species were identified as microbiome biomarkers of LBW by LEfSe analysis, which included 7 species within the genus of Streptococcus or as part of 'nutritionally variant streptococci' (NVS), 2 species of opportunistic pathogen Leptotrichia buccalis and Gemella sanguinis (all LDA score>3.5) as risk biomarkers, and one species of Saccharibacteria TM7 as a beneficial biomarker (LDA= -4.5). The machine-learning model based on these 10 distinguished oral microbiota species could predict LBW, with an accuracy of 82 %, sensitivity of 91 %, and specificity of 73 % (AUC-ROC score 0.89, 95 % CI: 0.75-1.0). Results of α-diversity showed that mothers who delivered LBW infants had less stable salivary microbiota construction throughout pregnancy than the control group (measured by Shannon, p = 0.048; and Pielou's, p = 0.021), however the microbiome diversity did not improve the prediction accuracy of LBW. CONCLUSIONS A machine-learning oral microbiome model shows promise in predicting low-birth-weight delivery. Even in cases where oral health is not significantly compromised, opportunistic pathogens or rarer taxa associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes can still be identified in the oral cavity. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE This study highlights the potential complexity of the relationship between oral microbiome and pregnancy outcomes, indicating that mechanisms underlying the association between oral microbiota and adverse pregnancy outcomes may involve complex interactions between host factors, microbiota, and systemic conditions. Using machine learning to develop a predictive model based on specific oral microbiota biomarkers provides a potential for personalized medicine approaches. Future prediction models should incorporate clinical metadata to be clinically useful for improving maternal and child health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Liu
- Applied Oral Sciences & Community Dental Care, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Weiye Wen
- Department of Stomatology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Xicheng District, Beijing, China; Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Fung Yu
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Raymond Wai Man Tong
- Central Research Laboratories, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- Faculty of Dentistry & Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Edward Chin Man Lo
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - May Chun Mei Wong
- Dental Public Health, Faculty of Dentistry, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China.
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Matar MA, Selima RA, Marzouk IM, Lotfy WA, Al-Shafie TA, Darwish SS. Oral health status of Egyptian children with lysosomal storage diseases: An evaluation of dental indices, salivary cytokines level, and bacterial bioburden. Int J Paediatr Dent 2024. [PMID: 38803013 DOI: 10.1111/ipd.13216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lysosomal storage diseases (LSDs), a group of inborn errors of metabolism, include various subtypes, for example, mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) and Gaucher disease (GD). Besides the physical/mental disabilities, they suffer from several oral deteriorations. AIM To evaluate the oral health status of Egyptian children with LSD. DESIGN Thirty LSD children and thirty non-LSD children were enrolled for this study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Dental indices were used to assess caries prevalence and periodontal status. Saliva samples were collected from all enrolled children to estimate interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and protein levels as well as Streptococcus mutans and Lactobacilli colony counts. RESULTS Children with MPS and GD showed non-significant differences in decayed, missing, or filled teeth (DMFT) scores (p = .115). Scores of dmft showed a significant increase in MPS, but not in GD children (p = .020, p = .127). Children with LSD showed significantly increased Modified Gingival Index (MGI), Plaque Index (PI), Oral Hygiene Index (OHI-s) scores (p < .001) and salivary IL-6 and TNF-α (p = .007, p = .001, p < .0001, p = .002, respectively) and salivary total proteins (p = .001) levels. Unexpectedly, non-significant differences were observed in salivary Streptococcus mutans or Lactobacilli counts in children with MPS and GD (p = .058, p = .420, p = .502, p = .053, respectively). CONCLUSION To our knowledge, this is the first article that evaluates Egyptian children with LSD. We demonstrated high caries prevalence in primary teeth, not permanent teeth, in children with MPS and poor gingival/hygiene status in children with MPS and GD, which triggered a state of inflammation. The daily supplement intake prevented oral bacterial growth. The most probable cause of oral alterations is decreased salivary flow rate, as deduced from a significantly increased salivary protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moustafa A Matar
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Rana A Selima
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Iman M Marzouk
- Department of Pediatric Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Walid A Lotfy
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Tamer A Al-Shafie
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sherif S Darwish
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
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Eriksen C, Boustedt K, Sonne SB, Dahlgren J, Kristiansen K, Twetman S, Brix S, Roswall J. Early life factors and oral microbial signatures define the risk of caries in a Swedish cohort of preschool children. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8463. [PMID: 38605085 PMCID: PMC11009336 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-59126-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The oral cavity harbors complex communities comprising bacteria, archaea, fungi, protozoa, and viruses. The oral microbiota is establish at birth and develops further during childhood, with early life factors such as birth mode, feeding practices, and oral hygiene, reported to influence this development and the susceptibility to caries. We here analyzed the oral bacterial composition in saliva of 260 Swedish children at two, three and five years of age using 16S rRNA gene profiling to examine its relation to environmental factors and caries development at five years of age. We were able to assign the salivary bacterial community in each child at each time point to one of seven distinct clusters. We observed an individual dynamic in the development of the oral microbiota related to early life factors, such as being first born, born by C-section, maternal perinatal antibiotics use, with a distinct transition between three and five years of age. Different bacterial signatures depending on age were related to increased caries risk, while Peptococcus consistently linked to reduced risk of caries development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Eriksen
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Katarina Boustedt
- Department of Paediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Maxillofacial Unit, Halland Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden
| | - Si Brask Sonne
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jovanna Dahlgren
- Department of Paediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Pediatrics, Queen Silvia Children's Hospital, Västra Götalandsregionen, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karsten Kristiansen
- Laboratory of Genomics and Molecular Biomedicine, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- BGI-Shenzhen, Shenzhen, 518083, China.
- Qingdao-Europe Advanced Institute for Life Sciences, Qingdao, 266555, Shandong, China.
| | - Svante Twetman
- Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Susanne Brix
- Department of Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Josefine Roswall
- Department of Paediatrics, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
- Department of Paediatrics, Halland Hospital, Halmstad, Sweden.
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4
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Hussein HR, Abdulkareem AA, Milward MR, Cooper PR. Ability of gingival crevicular fluid volume, E-cadherin, and total antioxidant capacity levels for predicting outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy for periodontitis patients. J Periodontal Res 2024; 59:289-298. [PMID: 38009442 DOI: 10.1111/jre.13213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the potential of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) volume, E-cadherin and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels to predict the outcomes of nonsurgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) for periodontitis patients. BACKGROUND NSPT is the gold-standard treatment for periodontal pockets < 6 mm in depth, however, successful outcomes are not always guaranteed due to several factors. Periodontitis-associated tissue destruction is evidenced by the increased level of soluble E-cadherin and reduced antioxidants in oral fluids which could be used as predictors for success/failure of NSPT. MATERIALS AND METHODS Patients with periodontitis (n = 24) were included in this clinical trial and full-mouth periodontal charting was recorded for each patient. GCF samples from periodontal pockets with probing pocket depth (PPD) 4-6 mm from the interproximal surfaces of anterior and premolar teeth were obtained. These sites subsequently received NSPT and were clinically re-evaluated after 1 and 3 months. Levels of GCF E-cadherin and TAC levels were assayed using ELISA. RESULTS All clinical periodontal parameters were significantly improved 3 months after completion of NSPT. These outcomes were associated with a significant decrease in E-cadherin levels and GCF volume, while TAC levels were significantly increased in samples obtained in follow-up appointments. Binary regression model analysis showed that PPD, GCF volume, E-cadherin, and TAC levels could significantly (p < .05) predict the outcomes of NSPT. The cut-off points for PPD, GCF volume, E-cadherin and TAC were 5 mm, 4 × 10-3, 1267.97 pg/mL and 0.09 μmol/g, respectively. CONCLUSION NSPT improved clinical parameters along with increased antioxidants capacity and epithelial pocket lining integrity. Discrimination of favorable/unfavorable responsiveness of periodontally diseased sites to NSPT could be possible by using GCF volume, PPD, E-cadherin and TAC level assessments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hind R Hussein
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
- Al-Noor Dental Center, Ministry of Health, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Ali A Abdulkareem
- Department of Periodontics, College of Dentistry, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mike R Milward
- School of Dentistry, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Paul R Cooper
- Faculty of Dentistry, Sir John Walsh Research Institute, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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5
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Wang M, Chen J, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Feng Q, Wei F. Salivary microbiomes vary among orthodontic appliances and associate with clinical periodontal parameters. Orthod Craniofac Res 2024; 27:174-184. [PMID: 37985447 DOI: 10.1111/ocr.12733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the salivary bacterial communities during the first 6-month orthodontic treatment with Clear Aligners (CA) and Fixed Appliances (FA), and its correlation with clinical periodontal parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS Saliva and periodontal parameters were sampled from individuals wearing CA or FA before treatment (T0), and after 3- (T3) and 6-month (T6) treatments. Salivary bacterial communities characterized based on the 16S rRNA V3-V4 region were compared between FA and CA and correlated with clinical periodontal parameters. RESULTS Probing Depth (PD) significantly increased at T6 in the FA group versus T0, whereas it remained stable in the CA group. The Shannon and Pielou indices were significantly higher in the FA group and significantly positively correlated with periodontal inflammation parameters. β-diversity analysis revealed distinct communities between the FA group and CA group at T6. The relative abundances of 3 genera and 15 species were significantly higher in the FA group. Among the above appliance-type related taxa, bacterial genera Selenomonas, Stomatobaculum, Olsenella and Faecalicoccus and bacterial species Selenomonas_sputigena, Dialister_invisus, Olsenella_profus, Prevotella_buccae, Cryptobacterium_curtum and Clostridium_spiroforme were significantly positively associated with periodontal parameters. CONCLUSIONS Orthodontic treatments trigger appliance-related salivary bacterial communities, highlighting the importance of developing appliance-orientated periodontal strategies during orthodontic treatments. Salivary bacterial communities harboured by patients wearing FA possess higher bacterial parameters which were associated with increasing PD, PI and Gingival Index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengqiao Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Jitian Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Ziyao Wang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Yihua Wang
- Department of Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Yue Zhang
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Microbiome, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
| | - Fulan Wei
- Department of Orthodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Research Center of Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Jinan, China
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Oliveira SR, de Arruda JAA, Corrêa JD, Carvalho VF, Medeiros JD, Schneider AH, Machado CC, Duffles LF, Fernandes GDR, Calderaro DC, Júnior MT, Abreu LG, Fukada SY, Oliveira RDR, Louzada-Júnior P, Cunha FQ, Silva TA. Methotrexate and Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment Change the Oral-Gut Microbiota in Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Prospective Cohort Study. Microorganisms 2023; 12:68. [PMID: 38257895 PMCID: PMC10820502 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms12010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the changes in the composition of oral-gut microbiota in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) caused by methotrexate (MTX) and non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT). Assessments were performed at baseline (T0), 6 months after MTX treatment (T1), and 45 days after NSPT (T2). The composition of the oral and gut microbiota was assessed by amplifying the V4 region of the 16S gene from subgingival plaques and stools. The results of the analysis of continuous variables were presented descriptively and non-parametric tests and Spearman's correlation were adopted. A total of 37 patients (27 with periodontitis) were evaluated at T0; 32 patients (24 with periodontitis) at T1; and 28 patients (17 with periodontitis) at T2. MTX tended to reduce the alpha diversity of the oral-gut microbiota, while NSPT appeared to increase the number of different species of oral microbiota. MTX and NSPT influenced beta diversity in the oral microbiota. The relative abundance of oral microbiota was directly influenced by periodontal status. MTX did not affect the periodontal condition but modified the correlations that varied from weak to moderate (p < 0.05) between clinical parameters and the microbiota. MTX and NSPT directly affected the composition and richness of the oral-gut microbiota. However, MTX did not influence periodontal parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sicília Rezende Oliveira
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (S.R.O.); (J.A.A.d.A.)
| | - José Alcides Almeida de Arruda
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (S.R.O.); (J.A.A.d.A.)
| | - Jôice Dias Corrêa
- Department of Dentistry, Pontifical Catholic University, Belo Horizonte 30535-901, MG, Brazil;
| | - Valessa Florindo Carvalho
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil; (V.F.C.); (M.T.J.)
| | - Julliane Dutra Medeiros
- Department of Biology, Federal University of Juiz de Fora, Juiz de Fora 36036-900, MG, Brazil;
| | - Ayda Henriques Schneider
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil; (A.H.S.); (F.Q.C.)
| | - Caio Cavalcante Machado
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil; (C.C.M.); (R.D.R.O.); (P.L.-J.)
| | - Letícia Fernanda Duffles
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil; (L.F.D.); (S.Y.F.)
| | | | - Débora Cerqueira Calderaro
- Department of Locomotor Apparatus, Faculty of Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
| | - Mario Taba Júnior
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil; (V.F.C.); (M.T.J.)
| | - Lucas Guimarães Abreu
- Department of Child and Adolescent Oral Health, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil;
| | - Sandra Yasuyo Fukada
- Department of BioMolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Science, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil; (L.F.D.); (S.Y.F.)
| | - Renê Donizeti Ribeiro Oliveira
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil; (C.C.M.); (R.D.R.O.); (P.L.-J.)
| | - Paulo Louzada-Júnior
- Division of Clinical Immunology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil; (C.C.M.); (R.D.R.O.); (P.L.-J.)
| | - Fernando Queiroz Cunha
- Department of Pharmacology, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-900, SP, Brazil; (A.H.S.); (F.Q.C.)
| | - Tarcília Aparecida Silva
- Department of Oral Surgery, Pathology and Clinical Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte 31270-901, MG, Brazil; (S.R.O.); (J.A.A.d.A.)
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7
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Johnston W, Rosier BT, Carda-Diéguez M, Paterson M, Watson P, Piela K, Goulding M, Ramage G, Baranyia D, Chen T, Al-Hebshi NN, Mira A, Culshaw S. Longitudinal changes in subgingival biofilm composition following periodontal treatment. J Periodontol 2023; 94:1065-1077. [PMID: 36960491 DOI: 10.1002/jper.22-0749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current periodontal treatment involves instrumentation using hand and/or ultrasonic instruments, which are used either alone or in combination based on patient and clinician preference, with comparable clinical outcomes. This study sought to investigate early and later changes in the subgingival biofilm following periodontal treatment, to identify whether these changes were associated with treatment outcomes, and to investigate whether the biofilm responded differently to hand compared with ultrasonic instruments. METHODS This was a secondary-outcome analysis of a randomized-controlled trial. Thirty-eight periodontitis patients received full-mouth subgingival instrumentation using hand (n = 20) or ultrasonic instrumentation (n = 18). Subgingival plaque was sampled at baseline and 1, 7, and 90 days following treatment. Bacterial DNA was analyzed using 16S rRNA sequencing. Periodontal clinical parameters were evaluated before and after treatment. RESULTS Biofilm composition was comparable in both (hand and ultrasonics) treatment groups at all time points (all genera and species; p[adjusted] > 0.05). Large-scale changes were observed within groups across time points. At days 1 and 7, taxonomic diversity and dysbiosis were reduced, with an increase in health-associated genera including Streptococcus and Rothia equating to 30% to 40% of the relative abundance. When reassessed at day 90 a subset of samples reformed a microbiome more comparable with baseline, which was independent of instrumentation choice and residual disease. CONCLUSIONS Hand and ultrasonic instruments induced comparable impacts on the subgingival plaque microbiome. There were marked early changes in the subgingival biofilm composition, although there was limited evidence that community shifts associated with treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Johnston
- Oral Sciences, Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Bob T Rosier
- Department of Genomics and Health, The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Miguel Carda-Diéguez
- Department of Genomics and Health, The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
| | - Michael Paterson
- Oral Sciences, Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Paddy Watson
- Oral Sciences, Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Krystyna Piela
- Oral Sciences, Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Division of Dentistry, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Marilyn Goulding
- Global Clinical Affairs, Dentsply Sirona, York, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Gordon Ramage
- Oral Sciences, Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Divyashri Baranyia
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tsute Chen
- Department of Microbiology, Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Nezar N Al-Hebshi
- Department of Oral Health Sciences, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alex Mira
- Department of Genomics and Health, The Foundation for the Promotion of Health and Biomedical Research (FISABIO), Valencia, Spain
- CIBER Center for Epidemiology and Public Health, Madrid, Spain
| | - Shauna Culshaw
- Oral Sciences, Dental School, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Periodontology, University Center for Dental Medicine, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
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8
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Ji S, Kook JK, Park SN, Lim YK, Choi GH, Jung JS. Characteristics of the Salivary Microbiota in Periodontal Diseases and Potential Roles of Individual Bacterial Species To Predict the Severity of Periodontal Disease. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0432722. [PMID: 37191548 PMCID: PMC10269672 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.04327-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The purposes of this study were to examine the compositional changes in the salivary microbiota according to the severity of periodontal disease and to verify whether the distribution of specific bacterial species in saliva can distinguish the severity of disease. Saliva samples were collected from 8 periodontally healthy controls, 16 patients with gingivitis, 19 patients with moderate periodontitis, and 29 patients with severe periodontitis. The V3 and V4 regions of the 16S rRNA gene in the samples were sequenced, and the levels of 9 bacterial species showing significant differences among the groups by sequencing analysis were identified using quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR). The predictive performance of each bacterial species in distinguishing the severity of disease was evaluated using a receiver operating characteristic curve. Twenty-nine species, including Porphyromonas gingivalis, increased as the severity of disease increased, whereas 6 species, including Rothia denticola, decreased. The relative abundances of P. gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, Filifactor alocis, and Prevotella intermedia determined by qPCR were significantly different among the groups. The three bacterial species P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and F. alocis were positively correlated with the sum of the full-mouth probing depth and were moderately accurate at distinguishing the severity of periodontal disease. In conclusion, the salivary microbiota showed gradual compositional changes according to the severity of periodontitis, and the levels of P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and F. alocis in mouth rinse saliva had the ability to distinguish the severity of periodontal disease. IMPORTANCE Periodontal disease is one of the most widespread medical conditions and the leading cause of tooth loss, imposing high economic costs and an increasing burden worldwide as life expectancy increases. Changes in the subgingival bacterial community during the progression of periodontal disease can affect the entire oral ecosystem, and bacteria in saliva can reflect the degree of bacterial imbalance in the oral cavity. This study explored whether the specific bacterial species in saliva can distinguish the severity of periodontal disease by analyzing the salivary microbiota and suggested P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, and F. alocis as biomarkers for distinguishing the severity of periodontal disease in saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suk Ji
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Joong-Ki Kook
- Korean Collection for Oral Microbiology, Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon-Nang Park
- Korean Collection for Oral Microbiology, Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Kyong Lim
- Korean Collection for Oral Microbiology, Department of Oral Biochemistry, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Geum Hee Choi
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Suk Jung
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Oral Health Science, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Kumar G, Rajula MP, Rao KS, Ravishankar PL, Albar DH, Bahammam MA, Alamoudi A, Alzahrani KJ, Alsharif KF, Halawani IF, Alzahrani FM, Alnfiai MM, Baeshen HA, Patil S. Antimicrobial Efficacy of Blended Essential Oil and Chlorhexidine against Periodontal Pathogen ( P.gingivalis)-An In Vitro Study. Niger J Clin Pract 2023; 26:625-629. [PMID: 37357480 DOI: 10.4103/njcp.njcp_787_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Background Essential oils (EOs) have a considerable amount of therapeutic and preventive effect in treating dental diseases due to their wider potential as antibacterial and anti-inflammatory agents. EOs like virgin coconut oil, eucalyptus oil, peppermint oil thyme oil, and clove oil, when used in combination, may further have enhanced antimicrobial effects. However, limited information exists on the synergistic effect of these oils when used in combination, especially on the primary periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Aim The current study aims to compare the antimicrobial efficacy of commercially available EO on the periodontal pathogen, P. gingivalis, in comparison to chlorhexidine (CHX). Materials and Methods Antimicrobial efficacy of EO and CHX was assessed at various concentrations against the periodontal pathogen P. gingivalis, by evaluating the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results P. gingivalis was seen to be sensitive at a MIC of 100 μg/ml and 50 μg/ml concentration of the EO, which is regarded as the MIC of EO against P. gingivalis and CHX effectively inhibited microbial growth at 0.4 μg/ml. Conclusion A combination of EOs possesses a potent antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis, and the antibacterial efficacy increases with increasing concentration of EOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kumar
- Department of Periodontology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603203, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M P Rajula
- Department of Periodontology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603203, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K S Rao
- Department of Periodontology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603203, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - P L Ravishankar
- Department of Periodontology, SRM Kattankulathur Dental College and Hospital, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, SRM Nagar, Kattankulathur 603203, Kancheepuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - D H Albar
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Saudi Arabia
| | - M A Bahammam
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University. Jeddah; Executive Presidency of Academic Affairs, Saudi Commission for Health Specialties, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Alamoudi
- Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - K J Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - K F Alsharif
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - I F Halawani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - F M Alzahrani
- Department of Clinical Laboratories Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - M M Alnfiai
- Department of Information Technology, College of Computers and Information Technology, Taif University, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - H A Baeshen
- Department of Orthodontics, College of Dentistry, King Abdulziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Patil
- College of Dental Medicine, Roseman University of Health Sciences, South Jordan, UTAH, USA
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10
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Xiang X, Peng B, Liu K, Wang T, Ding P, Li H, Zhu Y, Ming Y. Association between salivary microbiota and renal function in renal transplant patients during the perioperative period. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1122101. [PMID: 37065138 PMCID: PMC10090686 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1122101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
IntroductionRenal transplantation is an effective treatment for the end stage renal disease (ESRD). However, how salivary microbiota changes during perioperative period of renal transplant recipients (RTRs) has not been elucidated.MethodsFive healthy controls and 11 RTRs who had good recovery were enrolled. Saliva samples were collected before surgery and at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days after surgery. 16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the composition of salivary microbiota between ESRD patients and healthy controls. The salivary microbiota of RTRs showed higher operational taxonomic units (OTUs) amount and greater alpha and beta diversity than those of ESRD patients and healthy controls, but gradually stabilized over time. At the phylum level, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria, Tenericutes and Spirochaetes was about ten times different from ESRD patients or healthy controls for RTRs overall in time. The relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria, Patescibacteria, Leptotrichiaceae and Streptococcaceae was correlated with serum creatinine (Scr) after renal transplantation.DiscussionIn short, salivary microbiota community altered in the perioperative period of renal transplantation and certain species of salivary microbiota had the potential to be a biomarker of postoperative recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyu Xiang
- The Transplantation Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Bo Peng
- The Transplantation Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Kai Liu
- The Transplantation Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Tianyin Wang
- The Transplantation Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Peng Ding
- The Transplantation Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Hao Li
- The Transplantation Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Zhu
- The Transplantation Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
| | - Yingzi Ming
- The Transplantation Center of the Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
- Engineering and Technology Research Center for Transplantation Medicine of National Health Commission, Changsha, China
- *Correspondence: Yingzi Ming
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11
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Duran-Pinedo AE, Solbiati J, Teles F, Frias-Lopez J. Subgingival host-microbiome metatranscriptomic changes following scaling and root planing in grade II/III periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:316-330. [PMID: 36281629 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 10/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM To assess the effects of scaling and root planing (SRP) on the dynamics of gene expression by the host and the microbiome in subgingival plaque samples. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fourteen periodontitis patients were closely monitored in the absence of periodontal treatment for 12 months. During this period, comprehensive periodontal examination and subgingival biofilm sample collection were performed bi-monthly. After 12 months, clinical attachment level (CAL) data were compiled and analysed using linear mixed models (LMM) fitted to longitudinal CAL measurements for each tooth site. LMM classified the sites as stable (S), progressing (P), or fluctuating (F). After the 12-month visit, subjects received SRP, and at 15 months they received comprehensive examination and supportive periodontal therapy. Those procedures were repeated at the 18-month visit, when patients were also sampled. Each patient contributed with one S, one P, and one F site collected at the 12- and 18-month visits. Samples were analysed using Dual RNA-Sequencing to capture host and bacterial transcriptomes simultaneously. RESULTS Microbiome and host response behaviour were specific to the site's progression classification (i.e., S, P, or F). Microbial profiles of pre- and post-treatment samples exhibited specific microbiome changes, with progressing sites showing the most significant changes. Among them, Porphyromonas gingivalis was reduced after treatment, while Fusobacterium nucleatum showed an increase in proportion. Transcriptome analysis of the host response showed that interleukin (IL)-17, TNF signalling pathways, and neutrophil extracellular trap formation were the primary immune response activities impacted by periodontal treatment. CONCLUSIONS SRP resulted in a significant "rewiring" of host and microbial activities in the progressing sites, while restructuring of the microbiome was minor in stable and fluctuating sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana E Duran-Pinedo
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Jose Solbiati
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Flavia Teles
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine & School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jorge Frias-Lopez
- Department of Oral Biology, University of Florida, College of Dentistry, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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12
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Liu K, Yang L, Wang X, Huang Q, Tuerhong K, Yang M, Zhang R, Li Y, Yang S. Electroacupuncture regulates macrophage, neutrophil, and oral microbiota to alleviate alveolar bone loss and inflammation in experimental ligature-induced periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:368-379. [PMID: 36356944 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
AIM Electroacupuncture (EA) regulates distant body physiology through somatic sensory autonomic reflexes, balances the microbiome, and can promote the release of immune cells into bloodstream, thereby inhibiting severe systemic inflammation. This makes it possible to use EA as an integrated treatment for periodontitis. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, EA was applied to the ST36 acupoints in a ligature-induced periodontitis (LIP) mouse model. Then the effects of EA on periodontal myeloid cells, cytokines, and the microbiome were comprehensively analysed using flow cytometry, quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), and 16 S sequencing. RESULTS Results demonstrated that EA could significantly relieve periodontal bone resorption. EA also suppressed the infiltration of macrophages and neutrophils, reduced gene expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1β, IL-6, IL-17 and TNF-α, and increased expression of the anti-inflammatory factors IL-4 and IL-10 in periodontal tissues. Moreover, composition of the periodontal microbiome was regulated by EA, finding that complex of microbiota, including supragingival Veillonella, subgingival Streptococcus, and subgingival Erysipelatoclostridium, were significantly reduced. Meanwhile, nitrate and nitrate-related activities of subgingival microbiota were reversed. Network analysis revealed close relationships among Veillonella, Streptococcus, and Bacteroides. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates that EA can effectively alleviate inflammation and bone resorption in LIP mice, potentially via the regulation of myeloid cells, cytokines, and periodontal microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehao Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangjie Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Huang
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Kamoran Tuerhong
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Mingcong Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Department of Integration of Chinese and Western Medicine, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China.,Key Laboratory for Neuroscience, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China.,Autism Research Center of Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Yuzhou Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Municipal Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Engineering of Higher Education, Chongqing, China.,Chongqing Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases and Biomedical Sciences, Chongqing, China
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13
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Kurushima Y, Wells P, Bowyer R, Zoheir N, Doran S, Richardson J, Sprockett D, Relman D, Steves C, Nibali L. Host Genotype Links to Salivary and Gut Microbiota by Periodontal Status. J Dent Res 2023; 102:146-156. [PMID: 36214094 PMCID: PMC9986680 DOI: 10.1177/00220345221125402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Limited evidence describing how host genetic variants affect the composition of the microbiota is currently available. The aim of this study was to assess the associations between a set of candidate host genetic variants and microbial composition in both saliva and gut in the TwinsUK registry. A total of 1,746 participants were included in this study and provided stool samples. A subset of 1,018 participants also provided self-reported periodontal data, and 396 of those participants provided a saliva sample. Host DNA was extracted from whole-blood samples and processed for Infinium Global screening array, focusing on 37 selected single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) previously associated with periodontitis. The gut and salivary microbiota of participants were profiled using 16S ribosomal RNA amplicon sequencing. Associations between genotype on the selected SNPs and microbial outcomes, including α diversity, β diversity, and amplicon sequence variants (ASVs), were investigated in a multivariate mixed model. Self-reported periodontal status was also compared with microbial outcomes. Downstream analyses in gut microbiota and salivary microbiota were carried out separately. IL10 rs6667202 and VDR 2228570 SNPs were associated with salivary α diversity, and SNPs in IL10, HSA21, UHRF2, and Fc-γR genes were associated with dissimilarity matrix generated from salivary β diversity. The SNP that was associated with the greatest number of salivary ASVs was VDR 2228570 followed by IL10 rs6667202, and that of gut ASVs was NPY rs2521364. There were 77 salivary ASVs and 39 gut ASVs differentially abundant in self-reported periodontal disease versus periodontal health. The dissimilarity between saliva and gut microbiota within individuals appeared significantly greater in self-reported periodontal cases compared to periodontal health. IL10 and VDR gene variants may affect salivary microbiota composition. Periodontal status may drive variations in the salivary microbiota and possibly, to a lesser extent, in the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y. Kurushima
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - P.M. Wells
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - R.C.E. Bowyer
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - N. Zoheir
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - S. Doran
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - J.P. Richardson
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - D.D. Sprockett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - D.A. Relman
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA, USA
- Veterans Affairs Palo Alto Health Care System, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - C.J. Steves
- Department of Twin Research and Genetic Epidemiology, School of Life Course Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - L. Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London, UK
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14
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Belibasakis GN, Belstrøm D, Eick S, Gursoy UK, Johansson A, Könönen E. Periodontal microbiology and microbial etiology of periodontal diseases: Historical concepts and contemporary perspectives. Periodontol 2000 2023. [PMID: 36661184 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review summarizes the collective knowledge on periodontal microbiology, through a historical timeline that highlights the European contribution in the global field. The etiological concepts on periodontal disease culminate to the ecological plaque hypothesis and its dysbiosis-centered interpretation. Reference is made to anerobic microbiology and to the discovery of select periodontal pathogens and their virulence factors, as well as to biofilms. The evolution of contemporary molecular methods and high-throughput platforms is highlighted in appreciating the breadth and depth of the periodontal microbiome. Finally clinical microbiology is brought into perspective with the contribution of different microbial species in periodontal diagnosis, the combination of microbial and host biomarkers for this purpose, and the use of antimicrobials in the treatment of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios N Belibasakis
- Division of Oral Diseases, Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sigrun Eick
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Ulvi K Gursoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
| | | | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, Turku, Finland
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15
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qPCR Detection and Quantification of Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Other Periodontal Pathogens in Saliva and Gingival Crevicular Fluid among Periodontitis Patients. Pathogens 2023; 12:pathogens12010076. [PMID: 36678429 PMCID: PMC9861831 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12010076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The detection of special bacterial species in patients with periodontitis is considered useful for clinical diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to investigate the presence of specific periopathogens and investigate whether there is a correlation between the results of different bacterial species in whole saliva and pooled subgingival plaque samples (healthy and diseased sites) from individuals with periodontitis and periodontally healthy subjects. MATERIALS AND METHODS In total, 52 patients were recruited and divided into two groups: non-periodontitis and periodontitis patients. For each group, the following periodontal pathogens were detected using real-time polymerase chain reaction: A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 clone, A. actinomycetemcomitans non JP2 clone, Porphyromonasgingivalis, and total eubacteria. RESULTS Higher levels of the various studied bacteria were present in both saliva and plaque samples from the periodontitis group in comparison to non-periodontitis subjects. There were significant differences in P. gingivalis and A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 clones in the saliva of periodontitis patient compared to the control group. Subgingival plaque of diseased sites presented a significant and strong positive correlation between A. actinomycetemcomitans and P. gingivalis. In saliva samples, there was a significant positive correlation between A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 clone and P. gingivalis (p ≤ 0.002). CONCLUSION Quantifying and differentiating these periodontal species from subgingival plaque and saliva samples showed a good potential as diagnostic markers for periodontal disease. Regarding the prevalence of the studied bacteria, specifically A. actinomycetemcomitans JP2 clone, found in this work, and the high rate of susceptibility to periodontal species in Africa, future larger studies are recommended.
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16
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Iskander MMZ, Lamont GJ, Tan J, Pisano M, Uriarte SM, Scott DA. Tobacco smoke exacerbates Filifactor alocis pathogenicity. J Clin Periodontol 2023; 50:121-130. [PMID: 36122937 PMCID: PMC9976951 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Filifactor alocis has recently emerged as a periodontal pathobiont that appears to thrive in the oral cavity of smokers. We hypothesized that identification of smoke-responsive F. alocis genes would provide insight into adaptive strategies and that cigarette smoke would enhance F. alocis pathogenesis in vivo. MATERIALS AND METHODS F. alocis was grown in vitro and cigarette smoke extract-responsive genes determined by RNAseq. Mice were exposed, or not, to mainstream 1R6F research cigarette smoke and infected with F. alocis, or not, in an acute ligature model of periodontitis. Key clinical, infectious, and immune data were collected. RESULTS In culture, F. alocis growth was unaffected by smoke conditioning and only a small number of genes were specifically regulated by smoke exposure. Reduced murine mass, differences in F. alocis-cognizant antibody production, and altered immune profiles as well as altered alveolar bone loss were all attributable to smoke exposure and/or F. alocis infection in vivo. CONCLUSIONS F. alocis is well-adapted to tobacco-rich conditions and its pathogenesis is enhanced by tobacco smoke exposure. A smoke-exposed ligature model of periodontitis shows promise as a tool with which to further unravel mechanisms underlying tobacco-enhanced, bacteria-induced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mina M Z Iskander
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Gwyneth J Lamont
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Jinlian Tan
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michele Pisano
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Silvia M Uriarte
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - David A Scott
- Department of Oral Immunology and Infectious Diseases, University of Louisville School of Dentistry, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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17
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Application of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) in Oral Microbial Detection. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11121450. [PMID: 36558784 PMCID: PMC9788346 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11121450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Varieties of microorganisms reside in the oral cavity contributing to the occurrence and development of microbes associated with oral diseases; however, the distribution and in situ abundance in the biofilm are still unclear. In order to promote the understanding of the ecosystem of oral microbiota and the diagnosis of oral diseases, it is necessary to monitor and compare the oral microorganisms from different niches of the oral cavity in situ. The fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) has proven to be a powerful tool for representing the status of oral microorganisms in the oral cavity. FISH is one of the most routinely used cytochemical techniques for genetic detection, identification, and localization by a fluorescently labeled nucleic acid probe, which can hybridize with targeted nucleic acid sequences. It has the advantages of rapidity, safety, high sensitivity, and specificity. FISH allows the identification and quantification of different oral microorganisms simultaneously. It can also visualize microorganisms by combining with other molecular biology technologies to represent the distribution of each microbial community in the oral biofilm. In this review, we summarized and discussed the development of FISH technology and the application of FISH in oral disease diagnosis and oral ecosystem research, highlighted its advantages in oral microbiology, listed the existing problems, and provided suggestions for future development..
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18
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Poulsen CS, Nygaard N, Constancias F, Stankevic E, Kern T, Witte DR, Vistisen D, Grarup N, Pedersen OB, Belstrøm D, Hansen T. Association of general health and lifestyle factors with the salivary microbiota - Lessons learned from the ADDITION-PRO cohort. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2022; 12:1055117. [PMID: 36467723 PMCID: PMC9709502 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2022.1055117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Previous research indicates that the salivary microbiota may be a biomarker of oral as well as systemic disease. However, clarifying the potential bias from general health status and lifestyle-associated factors is a prerequisite of using the salivary microbiota for screening. MATERIALS & METHODS ADDDITION-PRO is a nationwide Danish cohort, nested within the Danish arm of the Anglo-Danish-Dutch Study of Intensive treatment in People with Screen-Detected Diabetes in Primary Care. Saliva samples from n=746 individuals from the ADDITION-PRO cohort were characterized using 16s rRNA sequencing. Alpha- and beta diversity as well as relative abundance of genera was examined in relation to general health and lifestyle-associated variables. Permutational multivariate analysis of variance (PERMANOVA) was performed on individual variables and all variables together. Classification models were created using sparse partial-least squares discriminant analysis (sPLSDA) for variables that showed statistically significant differences based on PERMANOVA analysis (p < 0.05). RESULTS Glycemic status, hemoglobin-A1c (HbA1c) level, sex, smoking and weekly alcohol intake were found to be significantly associated with salivary microbial composition (individual variables PERMANOVA, p < 0.05). Collectively, these variables were associated with approximately 5.8% of the observed differences in the composition of the salivary microbiota. Smoking status was associated with 3.3% of observed difference, and smoking could be detected with good accuracy based on salivary microbial composition (AUC 0.95, correct classification rate 79.6%). CONCLUSIONS Glycemic status, HbA1c level, sex, smoking and weekly alcohol intake were significantly associated with the composition of the salivary microbiota. Despite smoking only being associated with 3.3% of the difference in overall salivary microbial composition, it was possible to create a model for detection of smoking status with a high correct classification rate. However, the lack of information on the oral health status of participants serves as a limitation in the present study. Further studies in other cohorts are needed to validate the external validity of these findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Sahl Poulsen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nikoline Nygaard
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Odontology, Section of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Florentin Constancias
- Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Zürich, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Evelina Stankevic
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Timo Kern
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel R. Witte
- Department of Public Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Steno Diabetes Center Aarhus, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Dorte Vistisen
- Steno Diabetes Center, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Niels Grarup
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Oluf Borbye Pedersen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Clinical Metabolic Research, Herlev-Gentofte Hospital, Gentofte, Denmark
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Institute of Odontology, Section of Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Torben Hansen
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Copenhagen University, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Santamaria P, Bowyer RC, Nibali L. Associations between host genetic variants and Herpes Simplex Labialis in the TwinsUK cohort. Arch Oral Biol 2022; 145:105587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2022.105587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Yin L, Li X, Hou J. Macrophages in periodontitis: A dynamic shift between tissue destruction and repair. JAPANESE DENTAL SCIENCE REVIEW 2022; 58:336-347. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jdsr.2022.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
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21
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Next-Generation Examination, Diagnosis, and Personalized Medicine in Periodontal Disease. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12101743. [PMID: 36294882 PMCID: PMC9605396 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12101743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/13/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Periodontal disease, a major cause of tooth loss, is an infectious disease caused by bacteria with the additional aspect of being a noncommunicable disease closely related to lifestyle. Tissue destruction based on chronic inflammation is influenced by host and environmental factors. The treatment of periodontal disease varies according to the condition of each individual patient. Although guidelines provide standardized treatment, optimization is difficult because of the wide range of treatment options and variations in the ideas and skills of the treating practitioner. The new medical concepts of “precision medicine” and “personalized medicine” can provide more predictive treatment than conventional methods by stratifying patients in detail and prescribing treatment methods accordingly. This requires a new diagnostic system that integrates information on individual patient backgrounds (biomarkers, genetics, environment, and lifestyle) with conventional medical examination information. Currently, various biomarkers and other new examination indices are being investigated, and studies on periodontal disease-related genes and the complexity of oral bacteria are underway. This review discusses the possibilities and future challenges of precision periodontics and describes the new generation of laboratory methods and advanced periodontal disease treatment approaches as the basis for this new field.
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Wei Y, Shi M, Nie Y, Wang C, Sun F, Jiang W, Hu W, Wu X. Integrated analysis of the salivary microbiome and metabolome in chronic and aggressive periodontitis: A pilot study. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:959416. [PMID: 36225347 PMCID: PMC9549375 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.959416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
This pilot study was designed to identify the salivary microbial community and metabolic characteristics in patients with generalized periodontitis. A total of 36 saliva samples were collected from 13 patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP), 13 patients with chronic periodontitis (ChP), and 10 subjects with periodontal health (PH). The microbiome was evaluated using 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing, and the metabolome was accessed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The correlation between microbiomes and metabolomics was analyzed by Spearman’s correlation method. Our results revealed that the salivary microbial community and metabolite composition differed significantly between patients with periodontitis and healthy controls. Striking differences were found in the composition of salivary metabolites between AgP and ChP. The genera Treponema, Peptococcus, Catonella, Desulfobulbus, Peptostreptococcaceae_[XI] ([G-2], [G-3] [G-4], [G-6], and [G-9]), Bacteroidetes_[G-5], TM7_[G-5], Dialister, Eikenella, Fretibacterium, and Filifactor were present in higher levels in patients with periodontitis than in the healthy participants. The biochemical pathways that were significantly different between ChP and AgP included pyrimidine metabolism; alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism; beta-alanine metabolism; citrate cycle; and arginine and proline metabolism. The differential metabolites between ChP and AgP groups, such as urea, beta-alanine, 3-aminoisobutyric acid, and thymine, showed the most significant correlations with the genera. These differential microorganisms and metabolites may be used as potential biomarkers to monitor the occurrence and development of periodontitis through the utilization of non-invasive and convenient saliva samples. This study reveals the integration of salivary microbial data and metabolomic data, which provides a foundation to further explore the potential mechanism of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiping Wei
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Shi
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yong Nie
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Cui Wang
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Fei Sun
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenting Jiang
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Wenjie Hu
- Department of Periodontology, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, NHC Research Center of Engineering and Technology for Computerized Dentistry, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Wenjie Hu,
| | - Xiaolei Wu
- Laboratory of Environmental Microbiology, Department of Energy and Resources Engineering, College of Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Effect of Periodontal Interventions on Characteristics of the Periodontal Microbial Profile: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Microorganisms 2022; 10:microorganisms10081582. [PMID: 36014000 PMCID: PMC9416518 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10081582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Our systematic review aimed to evaluate the effect of periodontal interventions on the diversity and composition of periodontal microbiota assessed by high throughput sequencing (HTS) metagenomics analysis. An electronic search was conducted from database inception to November 2021. All clinical trials that evaluated the effect of periodontal interventions on the gingival microbiota through HTS were selected. The measures of alpha diversity, richness, Shannon diversity index, and the Chao1 index, were used as the primary outcome, whereas relative abundances of bacterial genera were considered as the secondary outcome. Overall, 24 studies were eligible for the systematic review, of which 13 studies were included in the meta-analysis. Periodontal intervention for the test group decreased Shannon diversity, richness, and Chao1 index (alpha diversity), as observed from baseline to post-treatment. The most common genera that increased after periodontal therapy were Rothia, Actinomyces, Streptococcus, Veillonella, and Hemophilus, whilst Porphyromonas, Tannerella, Fusobacterium, and Treponema decreased after periodontal therapy. Periodontal interventions may decrease the bacterial diversity and richness and alter the composition of oral microbiota in the short term. Periodontal microbiota signatures could potentially be used for the assessment of periodontal disease development, progression, and success of the intervention.
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24
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Byrne SJ, Chang D, Adams GG, Butler CA, Reynolds EC, Darby IB, Dashper SG. Microbiome profiles of non-responding and responding paired periodontitis sites within the same participants following non-surgical treatment. J Oral Microbiol 2022; 14:2043595. [PMID: 35295980 PMCID: PMC8920355 DOI: 10.1080/20002297.2022.2043595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim Periodontitis is a site-specific, chronic disease treated by non-surgical debridement of subgingival plaque. We aimed to determine the microbiome of sites that did not respond to this treatment (NR) compared with paired good responding (GR) sites before and after treatment. Materials and methods In a longitudinal cohort study, clinical parameters of disease and biological samples were taken prior to and 3 months after treatment. Twelve NR sites from six participants were paired with GR sites within the same participant. Subgingival plaque samples were subjected to bacterial community analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Results There were no significant differences in clinical parameters and microbial communities at baseline between GR and NR sites. Bacterial communities in deep pockets were dominated by a small number of species, notably Porphyromonas gingivalis and Treponema denticola. In NR sites three months after treatment there was no significant change in bacterial composition whilst there was a collapse in the abundance of pathobionts in GR sites. Conclusion NR sites were not identifiable prior to treatment by clinical or microbiological parameters. Treatment failed to disrupt pathogenic bacterial community in NR sites. Targeted suppression of particular species should be considered to initiate community collapse and aid disease resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- SJ Byrne
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - D Chang
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - GG Adams
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - CA Butler
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - EC Reynolds
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - IB Darby
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - SG Dashper
- Centre for Oral Health Research, Melbourne Dental School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Jia R, Shi R, Guan D, Wu Y, Qian W. Lactobacillus helveticus Prevents Periodontitis Induced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans in Rats by Regulating β-Defensins. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2022; 2022:4968016. [PMID: 35265172 PMCID: PMC8898852 DOI: 10.1155/2022/4968016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Objective To study the preventive effect of Lactobacillus helveticus (L. helveticus) on periodontitis induced by Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (A. actinomycetemcomitans) in rats. Methods Eighteen 8-week-old female rats were randomly divided into three groups: Sham group, Trehalose group, and L. helveticus SBT2171 (LH2171) group. We measured the distance of the cementoenamel junction-alveolar bone crest (CEJ-ABC) to evaluate alveolar bone resorption. Hematoxylin-eosin staining was used to observe the histopathological changes of rat hemimaxillary tissues. We detected the expression of β-defensins, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin- (IL-) 1β, and IL-6 and the number of A. actinomycetemcomitans in rat gingival tissues by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. The levels of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in rat gingival tissues were also measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Results Compared with the Trehalose group, the distance of CEJ-ABC was prominently reduced and alveolar bone resorption was notably improved in the LH2171 group. And the infiltration of inflammatory cells in the hemimaxillary tissue decreased obviously, periodontal fibers were arranged neatly, connective tissue small blood vessels proliferated, and the number of A. actinomycetemcomitans reduced significantly in the LH2171 group. In addition, the mRNA expression and release of inflammatory factors in the gingival tissues in the LH2171 group were notably lower than those in the Trehalose group. On the 21st and 36th day, the expression of β-defensins in the gingival tissue of the LH2171 group increased significantly. Conclusion L. helveticus improves alveolar bone resorption and increases the expression of β-defensins thereby inhibiting the number of A. actinomycetemcomitans and thus prevents periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Jia
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Xuhui District Dental Center, 500 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ronghua Shi
- Department of Stomatology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, 201203, China
| | - Danping Guan
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Xuhui District Dental Center, 500 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yubo Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Xuhui District Dental Center, 500 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Wenhao Qian
- Department of Stomatology, Shanghai Xuhui District Dental Center, 500 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Bergamo AZN, Casarin RCV, do Nascimento C, Matsumoto MAN, de Carvalho FK, da Silva RAB, da Silva LAB, Nelson-Filho P. Self-ligating brackets exhibit accumulation of high levels of periodontopathogens in gingival crevicular fluid. Odontology 2022; 110:460-466. [PMID: 35037112 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00677-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Different types of brackets seem to influence the disruption of the oral microbial environment. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of self-ligating brackets on the gingival crevicular fluid levels of the putative periodontal pathogens Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans sorotype a (Aaa), Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Sixty samples of crevicular fluid of twenty patients (11 boys and 9 girls) were analysed at baseline (T0) and after 30 (T1) and 60 (T2) days of bonding of the self-ligating (In-Ovation®R, Dentsply, GAC or SmartClip™, 3 M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) and of one conventional bracket (Gemini™, 3 M Unitek, Monrovia, CA, USA) used with elastomeric ligatures. Total DNA from samples was extracted using CTAB-DNA precipitation method and Real-time PCR was performed to analyse bacterial level. Non-parametric Friedman and Wilcoxon tests were used for data analysis (p value of < 0.05). F. nucleatum presented a different level among the different brackets at T1 (p = 0.025), the highest level in the Gemini™ bracket when compared to the SmartClip™ bracket (p = 0.043). P. ginigvalis levels increased in the In-Ovation®R (p = 0.028) at T1. The subgingival levels of bacterial species associated with periodontal disease P. ginigvalis increased in the self-ligating brackets In-Ovation®R.Clinical Relevance: Some kinds of brackets could provide more retentive sites than others, and it seems to modulate the subgingival microbiota, since, in this study, we could observe the increase of the species associated with periodontal disease. Preventive protocols should be adopted in the use of self-ligating brackets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Zilda Nazar Bergamo
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil.
| | - Renato Corrêa Viana Casarin
- Department of Prosthodontics and Periodontology, School of Dentistry of Piracicaba, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Cássio do Nascimento
- Department of Dental Materials and Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Mírian Aiko Nakane Matsumoto
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Fabrício Kitazono de Carvalho
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Raquel Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
| | - Paulo Nelson-Filho
- Department of Pediatric Clinics, School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Avenida Do Café, S/N, Monte Alegre, Ribeirão Preto, SP, CEP: 14040-904, Brazil
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Gómez PAM, Mendizábal MFR, Poma RDC, Cifuentes TVR, Quispe FMM, Torres DJM, Amaranto REB, Medina CAM, Contreras LAP. Antibacterial and Antiadhesion Effects of Psidium guajava Fractions on a Multispecies Biofilm Associated with Periodontitis. PESQUISA BRASILEIRA EM ODONTOPEDIATRIA E CLÍNICA INTEGRADA 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/pboci.2022.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Chen Y, Chen X, Huang X, Duan Y, Gao H, Gao X. Analysis of Salivary Microbiome and Its Association With Periodontitis in Patients With Obstructive Sleep Apnea. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:752475. [PMID: 34950605 PMCID: PMC8688821 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.752475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives This study aimed to analyze the periodontal conditions of patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in relation to the salivary microbiome. Materials and Methods In total, 54 male adults (27 with OSA, 27 controls) completed this cross-sectional study. All participants were monitored by overnight polysomnography (PSG) and underwent full-mouth periodontal examination. Saliva samples were then collected, and the microbial 16S ribosomal RNA gene was sequenced. The data were analyzed to determine the microbial distribution and the community structure of the two groups. Results Demonstrated by alpha and beta diversity, the OSA group had a lower microbial richness and a lower observed species than the controls. There was no significant difference in the microbial species diversity or evenness between the OSA and the non-OSA groups. The OSA group had fewer operational taxonomic units (OTUs), and the distribution of microbiome showed that several gram-positive bacteria had higher abundance in the OSA group. As for periodontal pathogens, the relative abundance of Prevotella was significantly increased in the OSA group. No significant difference was observed in the relative abundance of other pathogens at either the genus or species level. Conclusions The salivary microbial community structure was altered in patients with OSA in terms of species richness and trans-habitat diversity, along with an increase in Prevotella, a specific periodontal pathogen. These findings might explain the high prevalence of periodontitis in OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlong Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xuehui Chen
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Duan
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Airforce Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - He Gao
- Department of Sleep Medicine, Airforce Medical Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xuemei Gao
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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29
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A prospective interventional trial on the effect of periodontal treatment on Fusobacterium nucleatum abundance in patients with colorectal tumours. Sci Rep 2021; 11:23719. [PMID: 34887459 PMCID: PMC8660914 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03083-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fusobacterium nucleatum is associated with the progression of colorectal cancer. Thus, the possibility of preventing colorectal cancer or its progression by targeting F. nucleatum has been explored. As F. nucleatum is associated with periodontitis, we analysed whether treating periodontitis could influence F. nucleatum abundance in the colon. Patients with colorectal tumours who underwent colonoscopy were recruited. Patients diagnosed with periodontitis by a dentist were treated for approximately 3 months. Endoscopic resection of colorectal tumours was performed after periodontitis treatment, and resected tumours were pathologically classified as high-(HGD) or low-grade dysplasia (LGD). Saliva and stool samples were collected before and after the treatment. Of the 58 patients with colorectal tumours, 31 were included in the study, 16 showed improvement in periodontitis, and 11 showed no improvement. Stool F. nucleatum levels before treatment were significantly lower in the LGD group than in the HGD group. A significant decrease in faecal F. nucleatum levels was observed in patients who underwent successful treatment but not in those whose treatment failed. Salivary F. nucleatum levels were not altered in patients despite periodontal treatment. Thus, successful periodontitis treatment reduces stool F. nucleatum levels and may aid research on periodontitis and suppression of colorectal cancer development.
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30
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Jiang Y, Song B, Brandt BW, Cheng L, Zhou X, Exterkate RAM, Crielaard W, Deng DM. Comparison of Red-Complex Bacteria Between Saliva and Subgingival Plaque of Periodontitis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:727732. [PMID: 34692561 PMCID: PMC8531218 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.727732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of periodontitis is associated with an imbalanced subgingival microbial community enriched with species such as the traditionally classified red-complex bacteria (Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Treponema denticola). Saliva has been suggested as an alternative to subgingival plaque for the microbial analysis due to its easy and non-invasive collection. This systematic review aims to determine whether the levels of red-complex bacteria assessed using saliva reflect those in subgingival plaque from periodontitis patients. The MEDLINE, EMBASE, and Cochrane Library databases were searched up to April 30, 2021. Studies were considered eligible if microbial data of at least one of the red-complex species were reported in both saliva and subgingival plaque from periodontitis patients, based on DNA-based methods. Of the 17 included studies, 4 studies used 16S rRNA gene sequencing techniques, and the rest used PCR-based approaches. The detection frequency of each red-complex species in periodontitis patients was reported to be > 60% in most studies, irrespective of samples types. Meta-analyses revealed that both detection frequencies and relative abundances of red-complex bacteria in saliva were significantly lower than those in subgingival plaque. Moreover, the relative abundances of all 3 bacterial species in saliva showed significantly positive correlation with those in subgingival plaque. In conclusion, current evidence suggests that one-time saliva sampling cannot replace subgingival plaque for microbial analysis of the red-complex bacteria in periodontitis patients. Given the positive microbial associations between saliva and subgingival plaque, a thorough review of longitudinal clinical studies is needed to further assess the role of saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.,Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bingqing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Bernd W Brandt
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lei Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuedong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases & Department of Cariology and Endodontics, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Rob A M Exterkate
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wim Crielaard
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dong Mei Deng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA), University of Amsterdam and Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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No evidence for colonization of oral bacteria in the distal gut in healthy adults. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2114152118. [PMID: 34610963 PMCID: PMC8594488 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2114152118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The microbial communities in the mouth and colon are anatomically connected via the saliva. However, the extent to which oral microbes reach and successfully colonize the distal gut has been debated. To resolve this long-standing controversy, we used exact amplicon sequence variants generated from concurrently collected saliva/stool microbiota in 66 healthy adults from two countries to show that, with one exception (Dialister invisus), the two niches are completely distinct. Thus, there is no evidence for colonization of oral bacteria in the distal gut. This defines the healthy state to which pathological states could be compared. Finding the same bacteria in the mouth and stool may warrant clinical investigation for an underlying pathology.
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32
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Diao J, Yuan C, Tong P, Ma Z, Sun X, Zheng S. Potential Roles of the Free Salivary Microbiome Dysbiosis in Periodontal Diseases. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:711282. [PMID: 34631597 PMCID: PMC8493099 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.711282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Saliva is a vital mediator in the oral cavity. The dysbiosis of free bacteria in saliva might be related to the onset, development, prognosis, and recurrence of periodontal diseases, but this potential relationship is still unclear. The objective of this study was to investigate the potential roles of the free salivary microbiome in different periodontal statuses, their reaction to nonsurgical periodontal therapy, and differences between diseased individuals after treatment and healthy persons. We recruited 15 healthy individuals, 15 individuals with gingivitis, and 15 individuals with stage I/II generalized periodontitis. A total of 90 unstimulated whole saliva samples were collected and sequenced using full-length bacterial 16S rRNA gene sequencing. We found that as the severity of disease increased, from healthy to gingivitis and periodontitis, the degree of dysbiosis also increased. A higher abundance of Prevotella intermedia and Catonella morbi and a lower abundance of Porphyromonas pasteri, Prevotella nanceiensis, and Haemophilus parainfluenzae might be biomarkers of periodontitis, with an area under curve (AUC) reaching 0.9733. When patients received supragingival scaling, there were more pathogens related to recolonization in the saliva of periodontitis patients than in healthy persons. Even after effective nonsurgical periodontal therapy, individuals with periodontitis displayed a more dysbiotic and pathogenic microbial community in their saliva than healthy individuals. Therefore, the gradual transition in the entire salivary microbial community from healthy to diseased includes a gradual shift to dysbiosis. Free salivary pathogens might play an important role in the recolonization of bacteria as well as the prognosis and recurrence of periodontal diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Diao
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Yuan
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Peiyuan Tong
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Stomatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Zhangke Ma
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China.,Department of Paediatric Dentistry, School & Hospital of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai Engineering Research Centre of Tooth Restoration and Regeneration, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiangyu Sun
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Shuguo Zheng
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing, China
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Periodontitis associates with species-specific gene expression of the oral microbiota. NPJ Biofilms Microbiomes 2021; 7:76. [PMID: 34556654 PMCID: PMC8460658 DOI: 10.1038/s41522-021-00247-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present investigation was to characterize species-specific bacterial activity of the oral microbiota in periodontitis. We tested the hypotheses that chronic inflammation, i.e., periodontitis, associates with bacterial gene expression of the oral microbiota. Oral microbial samples were collected from three oral sites—subgingival plaque, tongue, and saliva from patients with periodontitis and healthy controls. Paired metagenomics and metatranscriptomics were used to perform concomitant characterization of taxonomic composition and to determine species-specific bacterial activity as expressed by the ratio of specific messenger RNA reads to their corresponding genomic DNA reads. Here, we show the association of periodontitis with bacterial gene expression of the oral microbiota. While oral site was the main determinant of taxonomic composition as well as bacterial gene expression, periodontitis was significantly associated with a reduction of carbohydrate metabolism of the oral microbiota at three oral sites (subgingival plaque, tongue, and saliva). Data from the present study revealed the association of periodontitis with bacterial gene expression of the oral microbiota. Conditions of periodontitis was associated with bacterial activity of local subgingival plaque, but also on tongue and the salivary microbiota. Collectively, data suggest that periodontitis associates with impaired carbohydrate metabolism of the oral microbiota. Future longitudinal and interventional studies are warranted to evaluate the potential pathogenic role of impaired bacterial carbohydrate metabolism not only in periodontitis but also in other diseases with low-grade inflammation, such as type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Kang Y, Sun B, Chen Y, Lou Y, Zheng M, Li Z. Dental Plaque Microbial Resistomes of Periodontal Health and Disease and Their Changes after Scaling and Root Planing Therapy. mSphere 2021; 6:e0016221. [PMID: 34287005 PMCID: PMC8386447 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00162-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The human oral microbial community has been considered a reservoir of antibiotic resistance. Currently, the effects of periodontitis and the scaling and root planing (SRP) treatment on the performance of antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs) and metal-resistant genes (MRGs) in the dental plaque microbiota are not well characterized. To explore this issue, we selected 48 healthy-state (HS), 40 periodontitis-state (PS; before treatment), and 24 resolved-state (RS; after SRP treatment) metagenomic data of dental plaque samples from the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) database. NetShift analysis identified Fretibacterium fastidiosum, Tannerella forsythia, and Campylobacter rectus as key drivers during dental plaque microbiota alteration in the progression of periodontitis. Periodontitis and SRP treatment resulted in an increase in the number of ARGs and MRGs in dental plaque and significantly altered the composition of ARG and MRG profiles. Bacitracin, beta-lactam, macrolide-lincosamide-streptogramin (MLS), tetracycline, and multidrug resistance genes were the main classes of ARGs with high relative abundance, whereas multimetal, iron, chromium, and copper resistance genes were the primary types of MRGs in dental plaque microbiota. The cooccurrence of ARGs, MRGs, and mobile genetic elements (MGEs) indicated that a coselection phenomenon exists in the resistomes of dental plaque microbiota. Overall, our data provide new insights into the standing of the distribution of ARGs and MRGs in oral microbiota of periodontitis patients, and it was possible to contribute to the understanding of the complicated correlations among microorganisms, resistomes, and MGEs. IMPORTANCE The emergence and development of resistance to antibiotics in periodontal pathogens have affected the success rate of treatment for periodontitis. The development of new antibacterial strategies is urgently needed to help control and treat periodontal disease, and dental plaque microbiome studies offer a promising new angle of attack. In this study, we investigated the dental plaque microbiota and resistomes in periodontal health and disease states and their changes after SRP therapy. This is the first analysis of the profile of the microbial community and antibiotic and metal resistance genes in dental plaque by the metagenomic approach, to the best of our knowledge. Monitoring the profile of these resistomes has huge potential to provide reference levels for proper antibiotics use and the development of new antimicrobial strategies in periodontitis therapy and thereby improve actual efficacy of the treatment regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutong Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Bianjin Sun
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yiju Chen
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yongliang Lou
- Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sanitary Microbiology, Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medicine, Ministry of Education, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Sciences, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meiqin Zheng
- Eye Hospital and School of Ophthalmology and Optometry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhenjun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, National Institute for Communicable Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
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Lee CT, Li R, Zhu L, Tribble GD, Zheng WJ, Ferguson B, Maddipati KR, Angelov N, Van Dyke TE. Subgingival Microbiome and Specialized Pro-Resolving Lipid Mediator Pathway Profiles Are Correlated in Periodontal Inflammation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:691216. [PMID: 34177951 PMCID: PMC8222734 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.691216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Failure of resolution pathways in periodontitis is reflected in levels of specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators (SPMs) and SPM pathway markers but their relationship with the subgingival microbiome is unclear. This study aimed to analyze and integrate lipid mediator level, SPM receptor gene expression and subgingival microbiome data in subjects with periodontitis vs. healthy controls. The study included 13 periodontally healthy and 15 periodontitis subjects that were evaluated prior to or after non-surgical periodontal therapy. Samples of gingival tissue and subgingival plaque were collected prior to and 8 weeks after non-surgical treatment; only once in the healthy group. Metabololipidomic analysis was performed to measure levels of SPMs and other relevant lipid mediators in gingiva. qRT-PCR assessed relative gene expression (2-ΔΔCT) of known SPM receptors. 16S rRNA sequencing evaluated the relative abundance of bacterial species in subgingival plaque. Correlations between lipid mediator levels, receptor gene expression and bacterial abundance were analyzed using the Data Integration Analysis for Biomarker discovery using Latent cOmponents (DIABLO) and Sparse Partial Least Squares (SPLS) methods. Profiles of lipid mediators, receptor genes and the subgingival microbiome were distinct in the three groups. The strongest correlation existed between lipid mediator profile and subgingival microbiome profile. Multiple lipid mediators and bacterial species were highly correlated (correlation coefficient ≥0.6) in different periodontal conditions. Comparing individual correlated lipid mediators and bacterial species in periodontitis before treatment to healthy controls revealed that one bacterial species, Corynebacterium durum, and five lipid mediators, 5(S)6(R)-DiHETE, 15(S)-HEPE, 7-HDHA, 13-HDHA and 14-HDHA, were identified in both conditions. Comparing individual correlated lipid mediators and bacterial species in periodontitis before treatment to after treatment revealed that one bacterial species, Anaeroglobus geminatus, and four lipid mediators, 5(S)12(S)-DiHETE, RvD1, Maresin 1 and LTB4, were identified in both conditions. Four Selenomonas species were highly correlated with RvD1, RvE3, 5(S)12(S)-DiHETE and proinflammatory mediators in the periodontitis after treatment group. Profiles of lipid mediators, receptor gene and subgingival microbiome are associated with periodontal inflammation and correlated with each other, suggesting inflammation mediated by lipid mediators influences microbial composition in periodontitis. The role of correlated individual lipid mediators and bacterial species in periodontal inflammation have to be further studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Teh Lee
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Ruoxing Li
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Lisha Zhu
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Gena D. Tribble
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - W. Jim Zheng
- School of Biomedical Informatics, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Brittney Ferguson
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | | | - Nikola Angelov
- Department of Periodontics and Dental Hygiene, School of Dentistry, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Thomas E. Van Dyke
- Center for Clinical and Translational Research, The Forsyth Institute, Cambridge, MA, United States
- Department of Oral Medicine, Infection, and Immunity, Faculty of Medicine, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
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Lundtorp-Olsen C, Enevold C, Juel Jensen CA, Stofberg SN, Twetman S, Belstrøm D. Impact of Probiotics on the Salivary Microbiota and Salivary Levels of Inflammation-Related Proteins during Short-Term Sugar Stress: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10040392. [PMID: 33805894 PMCID: PMC8064398 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10040392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The purpose of the present investigation was to characterize the effect of probiotics on the composition of the salivary microbiota and salivary levels of inflammation-related proteins during short-term sugar stress. We tested the hypotheses that consumption of probiotics may partly counteract the detrimental influence of sugar stress on oral homeostasis. Methods: The present study was a five-week, blinded, randomized controlled trial with four study arms—A: sucrose and probiotic (n = 20); B: sucrose and placebo (n = 20); C: xylitol and probiotic (n = 20); D: xylitol and placebo (n = 20). Saliva samples were collected at baseline and after two and five weeks. The salivary microbiota was characterized by means of 16S rDNA sequencing, and sequences were referenced against the Human Oral Microbiome Database (HOMD). Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) and transferrin levels were quantified using immunoassays. Results: Sugar stress induced a significant increase in the relative abundance of the genus Streptococcus from 29.8% at baseline to 42.9% after two weeks. Changes were transient and were completely reversed three weeks after discontinuation of sugar stress. Xylitol and probiotics alone had no effect on the salivary microbiota, whereas the combination of xylitol and probiotics induced a significant decrease in the relative abundance of Streptococcus species from 37.6% at baseline to 23.0% at week 2. Sugar stress significantly increased salivary transferrin levels, and the effect was partly counteracted by concomitant use of probiotics. Conclusions: The data clearly demonstrate an impact of combined consumption of xylitol and probiotics on the composition of the salivary microbiota. Future studies are needed to evaluate whether the combined use of xylitol and the probiotic strains tested could have clinically protective effects during periods of sugar stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Lundtorp-Olsen
- Department of Odontology, Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.L.-O.); (S.T.)
| | - Christian Enevold
- Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Institute for Inflammation Research, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Claus Antonio Juel Jensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nordsjællands Hospital, 3400 Hillerød, Denmark; (C.A.J.J.); (S.N.S.)
| | - Steen Nymann Stofberg
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Nordsjællands Hospital, 3400 Hillerød, Denmark; (C.A.J.J.); (S.N.S.)
| | - Svante Twetman
- Department of Odontology, Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.L.-O.); (S.T.)
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Department of Odontology, Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (C.L.-O.); (S.T.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-21-30-05-80
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Damgaard C, Danielsen AK, Enevold C, Reinholdt J, Holmstrup P, Nielsen CH, Massarenti L. Circulating antibodies against leukotoxin A as marker of periodontitis grades B and C and oral infection with Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans. J Periodontol 2021; 92:1795-1804. [PMID: 33749825 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The facultative bacterium Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa) is strongly associated with periodontitis and is occasionally found in periodontally healthy subjects. We aimed to determine the prevalence of salivary Aa among patients with either periodontitis grade B (periodontitis-B) or grade C (periodontitis-C), periodontally healthy controls (HCs), and to determine if systemic antibodies against Aa or its virulence factor leukotoxin A (LtxA) may serve as biomarkers that reveal the oral presence of the bacterium and discriminate subjects with periodontitis-C, periodontitis-B, or no periodontitis from each other. METHODS Serum and unstimulated saliva samples were collected from patients with periodontitis-C (n = 27), patients with periodontitis-B (n = 34), and HCs (n = 28). Serum level of immunoglobulin G antibodies to fragmented whole Aa and to LtxA were quantified using a bead-based assay. Aa was identified in saliva using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). All analyses were adjusted for age, sex, and current smoking status. RESULTS Aa was present in saliva from 11% of HCs, in 32% of patients with periodontitis-B (P = 0.04 versus HCs), and in 37% of patients with periodontitis-C (P = 0.02 versus HCs). Serum antibodies to fragments of Aa associated significantly with periodontitis-C (P = 0.03), while serum anti-LtxA antibodies associated with both periodontitis-B and periodontitis-C (P = 0.002 and P = 9×10-4 , respectively). Moreover, a significant association between serum anti-LtxA antibodies and Aa count in saliva was observed (P = 0.001). On the basis of serum anti-LtxA antibody levels, patients with periodontitis could be discriminated from HCs (AUC = 0.74 in ROC curve-analysis, P = 0.0003), and carriers of Aa could be discriminated from non-carriers (AUC = 0.78, P <0.0001). CONCLUSIONS Aa is highly prevalent in saliva of patients with periodontitis-B or periodontitis-C. Systemic immunoglobulin G antibodies against LtxA distinguish patients with periodontitis, regardless of grade, from HCs, while their quantity reflects the concurrent bacterial burden in the oral cavity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Damgaard
- Research area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology & Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Anne Katrine Danielsen
- Research area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology & Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Christian Enevold
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Jesper Reinholdt
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Høegh-Guldbergs Gade 10, Central Denmark Region, Aarhus, 8000, Denmark
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Research area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology & Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark
| | - Claus H Nielsen
- Research area Periodontology, Section for Oral Biology & Immunopathology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Nørre Allé 20, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2200, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
| | - Laura Massarenti
- Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Blegdamsvej 9, The Capitol Region, Copenhagen, 2100, Denmark
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Zhang W, Meng Y, Jing J, Wu Y, Li S. Influence of periodontal treatment on blood microbiotas: a clinical trial. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10846. [PMID: 33628640 PMCID: PMC7894104 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the effects of periodontal treatment on the abundance and diversity of blood microbiota. Methods and Materials Twenty-seven periodontitis patients were randomly allocated to a control group (A) and two test groups (B1 and B2). Group A patients received full-mouth scaling and root planing (SRP), group B1 patients received subgingival glycine air polishing (GAP) right after SRP, and group B2 patients received subgingival glycine air polishing right before SRP. Peripheral blood samples were obtained at the baseline, the day after periodontal treatment, and 6 weeks after treatment and evaluated using nested polymerase chain reaction and 16SrRNA Gene Sequencing (Miseq platform). Results All participants exhibited significant improvements in the clinical parameters evaluated at the 6-week follow-up visit compared to the values at the baseline, but no significant differences were observed between the three groups. The total bacterial count was lowest in group B2. The bacterial species diversity (α-diversity) in group B1 was significantly higher (Chao-1 index, P = 0.03) and Porphyromonas and Pantoea were the dominant genera (linear discriminant analysis (LDA > 2)) in this group the day after treatment compared to the baseline. No significant difference was detected in the relative abundance and α-diversity of blood microbiota between the baseline and 6 weeks after treatment. Conclusion Local periodontal treatment merely disrupts the stability of blood microbiota in the short term. Periodontitis treatment using full-mouth SRP followed by adjunctive GAP is a promising approach to reduce the introduction of bacteria into the bloodstream during the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyi Zhang
- Department of Periodontology, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yang Meng
- Department of Prosthodontics, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Jin Jing
- Department of Periodontology, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yingtao Wu
- Department of Periodontology, Qingdao Stomatological Hospital Affliated to Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Shu Li
- Department of Periodontology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University & Shandong Key Laboratory of Oral Tissue Regeneration & Shandong Engineering Laboratory for Dental Materials and Oral Tissue Regeneration, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Guo R, Zheng Y, Zhang L, Shi J, Li W. Salivary microbiome and periodontal status of patients with periodontitis during the initial stage of orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2021; 159:644-652. [PMID: 33608141 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2019.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with severe periodontitis typically present with pathologic tooth migration. To improve esthetics and masticatory function, orthodontic treatment is required. Research on periodontal orthodontic treatment has been sparse, particularly from the microbial perspective. Hence, we analyzed the microbial and clinical changes in patients with well-controlled periodontitis in the early stage of orthodontic treatment. METHODS Ten patients with well-controlled periodontitis were asked to collect saliva before and 1 and 3 months after appliance placement (T0, T1, and T2, respectively) and underwent clinical examinations before and 1, 3, and 6 months after appliance placement (T0, T1, T2, and T3, respectively). The microbial community of saliva was analyzed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Gingival index, the plaque index, and the probing pocket depth were clinically assessed. RESULTS The plaque index significantly increased from T0 to T1 and decreased at T2 and T3. The probing pocket depth and gingival index increased slightly at T2, but not significantly, in both the high-risk site and low-risk site. The alpha and beta diversity increased at T1. The microbial community structure was similar at T0 and T2. The relative abundance of core genera and periodontal pathogens was stable during the initial 3 months of orthodontic treatment. CONCLUSIONS The orthodontic appliance promoted plaque accumulation and altered the microbial community of patients with well-controlled periodontitis during the first month of orthodontic treatment. The microbial community returned to the basal composition at 3 months after appliance placement, and the periodontal inflammation during the 6-months orthodontic treatment was under control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runzhi Guo
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Yunfei Zheng
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China
| | - Liwen Zhang
- Department of Dental Medical Center, China-Japan Friendship Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Shi
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
| | - Weiran Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Beijing, China.
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Tian Y, Sun L, Qu H, Yang Y, Chen F. Removal of nonimpacted third molars alters the periodontal condition of their neighbors clinically, immunologically, and microbiologically. Int J Oral Sci 2021; 13:5. [PMID: 33550328 PMCID: PMC7867655 DOI: 10.1038/s41368-020-00108-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 10/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering the adverse effects of nonimpacted third molars (N-M3s) on the periodontal health of adjacent second molars (M2s), the removal of N-M3s may be beneficial to the periodontal health of their neighbors. This study aimed to investigate the clinical, immunological, and microbiological changes of the periodontal condition around M2s following removal of neighboring N-M3s across a 6-month period. Subjects with at least one quadrant containing an intact first molar (M1), M2, and N-M3 were screened and those who met the inclusion criteria and decided to receive N-M3 extraction were recruited in the following investigation. M2 periodontal condition was interrogated before M3 extraction (baseline) and at 3 and 6 months postoperatively. Improvements in clinical periodontal indexes of M2s in response to their adjacent N-M3 removal, along with changes in inflammatory biomarkers among gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and the composition of subgingival plaque collected from the distal sites of the M2s of the targeted quadrant were parallelly analyzed. Complete data of 26 tooth extraction patients across the follow-up period were successfully obtained and subsequently applied for statistical analysis. Compared to the baseline, the periodontal condition of M2s was significantly changed 6 months after N-M3 removal; specifically, the probing depth of M2s significantly reduced (P < 0.001), the matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 concentration involved in GCF significantly decreased (P = 0.025), and the abundance of the pathogenic genera unidentified Prevotellaceae and Streptococcus significantly decreased (P < 0.001 and P = 0.009, respectively). We concluded that N-M3 removal was associated with superior clinical indexes, decreased GCF inflammatory biomarkers, and reduced pathogenic microbiome distribution within the subgingival plaque. Although the retention or removal of N-M3s continues to be controversial, our findings provide additional evidence that medical decisions should be made as early as possible or at least before the neighboring teeth are irretrievably damaged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Tian
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lijuan Sun
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Honglei Qu
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Yang
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Faming Chen
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Department of Periodontology, School of Stomatology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China.
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Suvan J, Masi S, Harrington Z, Santini E, Raggi F, D'Aiuto F, Solini A. Effect of Treatment of Periodontitis on Incretin Axis in Obese and Nonobese Individuals: A Cohort Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:e74-e82. [PMID: 33084864 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgaa757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Periodontitis confers an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes and, in patients with obesity, it might interfere with the incretin axis. The effect of periodontal treatment on glucoregulatory hormones remains unknown. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of periodontal treatment on incretin axis in obese and lean nondiabetic individuals. SETTING King's College Dental Hospital and Institute, London, UK. PARTICIPANTS AND METHODS The metabolic profile of obese and normal-body-mass-index individuals affected by periodontitis was studied at baseline, 2, and 6 months after intensive periodontal treatment, by measuring plasma insulin, glucagon, glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1), and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) and markers of systemic inflammation and oxidative stress. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S) Circulating levels of incretins and inflammatory markers. RESULTS At baseline, periodontal parameters were worse for obese than nonobese; this was accompanied by higher levels of circulating high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), insulin, and GLP-1. The response to periodontal treatment was less favorable in the obese group, without significant variations of hs-CRP or malondialdehyde. Glucoregulatory hormones changed differently after treatment: while insulin and glucagon did not vary at 2 and 6 months, GLP-1 and GIP significantly increased at 6 months in both groups. In particular, GLP-1 increased more rapidly in obese participants, while the increase of GIP followed similar trends across visits in both groups. CONCLUSIONS Nonsurgical treatment of periodontitis is associated with increased GLP-1 and GIP levels in nonobese and obese patients; changes in GLP-1 were more rapid in obese participants. This might have positive implications for the metabolic risk of these individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeanie Suvan
- Periodontology Unit, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Stefano Masi
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Zoe Harrington
- Periodontology Unit, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | | | - Francesco Raggi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco D'Aiuto
- Periodontology Unit, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Anna Solini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Molecular and Critical Area Pathology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Lee Y, Hong Y, Kim B, Lee D, Kim S, Rhyu IC. Efficacy of salivary versus subgingival bacterial sampling for the detection and quantification of periodontal pathogens. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2020; 50:358-367. [PMID: 33350176 PMCID: PMC7758303 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2002420121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy and validity of subgingival bacterial sampling using a retraction cord, and to evaluate how well this sampling method reflected changes in periodontal conditions after periodontal therapy. Methods Based on clinical examinations, 87 subjects were divided into a healthy group (n=40) and a periodontitis group (n=47). Clinical measurements were obtained from all subjects including periodontal probing depth (PD), bleeding on probing (BOP), clinical attachment loss (CAL), and the plaque index. Saliva and gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) as a subgingival bacterial sample were sampled before and 3 months after periodontal therapy. The salivary and subgingival bacterial samples were analyzed by reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction to quantify the following 11 periodontal pathogens: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans (Aa), Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg), Tannerella forsythus (Tf), Treponema denticola (Td), Prevotella intermedia (Pi), Fusobacterium nucleatum (Fn), Pavimonas micra (Pm), Campylobacter rectus (Cr), Prevotella nigrescens (Pn), Eikenella corrodens (Ec), and Eubacterium nodatum (En). Results Non-surgical periodontal therapy resulted in significant decreases in PD (P<0.01), CAL (P<0.01), and BOP (P<0.05) after 3 months. Four species (Pg, Tf, Pi, and Pm) were significantly more abundant in both types of samples in the periodontitis group than in the healthy group. After periodontal therapy, Cr was the only bacterium that showed a statistically significant decrease in saliva, whereas statistically significant decreases in Cr, Pg, and Pn were found in GCF. Conclusions Salivary and subgingival bacterial sampling with a gingival retraction cord were found to be equivalent in terms of their accuracy for differentiating periodontitis, but GCF reflected changes in bacterial abundance after periodontal therapy more sensitively than saliva.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsub Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoojin Hong
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Bome Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dajung Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sungtae Kim
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
| | - In Chul Rhyu
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University School of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea.
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Fragkioudakis I, Riggio MP, Apatzidou DA. Understanding the microbial components of periodontal diseases and periodontal treatment-induced microbiological shifts. J Med Microbiol 2020; 70. [PMID: 33295858 DOI: 10.1099/jmm.0.001247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In the mid-1960s the microbial aetiology of periodontal diseases was introduced based on classical experimental gingivitis studies . Since then, numerous studies have addressed the fundamental role that oral microbiota plays in the initiation and progression of periodontal diseases. Recent advances in laboratory identification techniques have contributed to a better understanding of the complexity of the oral microbiome in both health and disease. Modern culture-independent methods such as human oral microbial identification microarray and next-generation sequencing have been used to identify a wide variety of microbial taxa residing in the gingival sulcus and the periodontal pocket. The first theory of the 'non-specific plaque' hypothesis gave rise to the 'ecological plaque' hypothesis and more recently to the 'polymicrobial synergy and dysbiosis hypothesis'. Periodontitis is now considered to be a multimicrobial inflammatory disease in which the various bacterial species within the dental biofilm are in a dysbiotic state and this imbalance favours the establishment of chronic inflammatory conditions and ultimately the destruction of tooth-supporting tissues. Apart from the known putative periodontal pathogens, the whole biofilm community is now considered to play a role in the establishment of inflammation and the initiation and progression of periodontitis in a susceptible host. Treatment is unlikely to eliminate putative pathogens but, when it is thoroughly performed it has the potential to establish a healthy ecosystem by altering the microbial community in numbers and composition and also contribute to the maturation of the host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Fragkioudakis
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marcello P Riggio
- Oral Sciences Research Group, Dental School, College of Medical Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Danae Anastasia Apatzidou
- Department of Preventive Dentistry, Periodontology and Implant Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
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Feres M, Retamal-Valdes B, Gonçalves C, Cristina Figueiredo L, Teles F. Did Omics change periodontal therapy? Periodontol 2000 2020; 85:182-209. [PMID: 33226695 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The starting point for defining effective treatment protocols is a clear understanding of the etiology and pathogenesis of a condition. In periodontal diseases, this understanding has been hindered by a number of factors, such as the difficulty in differentiating primary pathogens from nonpathogens in complex biofilm structures. The introduction of DNA sequencing technologies, including taxonomic and functional analyses, has allowed the oral microbiome to be investigated in much greater breadth and depth. This article aims to compile the results of studies, using next-generation sequencing techniques to evaluate the periodontal microbiome, in an attempt to determine how far the knowledge provided by these studies has brought us in terms of influencing the way we treat periodontitis. The taxonomic data provided, to date, by published association and elimination studies using next-generation sequencing confirm previous knowledge on the role of classic periodontal pathogens in the pathobiology of disease and include new species/genera. Conversely, species and genera already considered as host-compatible and others less explored were associated with periodontal health as their levels were elevated in healthy individuals and increased after therapy. Functional and transcriptomic analyses also demonstrated that periodontal biofilms are taxonomically diverse, functionally congruent, and highly cooperative. Very few interventional studies to date have examined the effects of treatment on the periodontal microbiome, and such studies are heterogeneous in terms of design, sample size, sampling method, treatment provided, and duration of follow-up. Hence, it is still difficult to draw meaningful conclusions from them. Thus, although OMICS knowledge has not yet changed the way we treat patients in daily practice, the information provided by these studies opens new avenues for future research in this field. As new pathogens and beneficial species become identified, future randomized clinical trials could monitor these species/genera more comprehensively. In addition, the metatranscriptomic data, although still embryonic, suggest that the interplay between the host and the oral microbiome may be our best opportunity to implement personalized periodontal treatments. Therapeutic schemes targeting particular bacterial protein products in subjects with specific genetic profiles, for example, may be the futuristic view of enhanced periodontal therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Belén Retamal-Valdes
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, Brazil
| | - Cristiane Gonçalves
- Department of Periodontology, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Flavia Teles
- Center for Innovation & Precision Dentistry, School of Dental Medicine, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Choi JU, Lee JB, Kim KH, Kim S, Seol YJ, Lee YM, Rhyu IC. Comparison of Periodontopathic Bacterial Profiles of Different Periodontal Disease Severity Using Multiplex Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:E965. [PMID: 33213109 PMCID: PMC7698795 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10110965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontopathic bacteria are known to have a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis. The aim of the study was to quantitatively compare bacterial profile of patients with different severity of periodontal disease using samples from mouthwash and the subgingival area. Further analysis was performed to evaluate the correlation between mouthwash and two subgingival sampling methods: paperpoint and gingival retraction cord; 114 subjects enrolled in the study, and were divided equally into three groups according to disease severity. Mouthwash and subgingival sampling were conducted, and the samples were quantitatively analyzed for 11 target periodontopathic bacteria using multiplex real-time PCR. There were statistically significant differences in bacterial counts and prevalence of several species between the study groups. Mouthwash sampling showed significant correlations with two different subgingival sampling methods in regard to the detection of several bacteria (e.g., ρ = 0.793 for Porphyromonas gingivalis in severe periodontitis), implying that mouthwash sampling can reflect subgingival microbiota. However, the correlation was more prominent as disease severity increased. Although bacteria in mouthwash have potential to become a biomarker, it may be more suitable for the diagnosis of severe periodontitis, rather than early diagnosis. Further research is required for the discovery of biomarkers for early diagnosis of periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Uk Choi
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Jun-Beom Lee
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Kyoung-Hwa Kim
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
| | - Sungtae Kim
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Yang-Jo Seol
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - Yong-Moo Lee
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
| | - In-Chul Rhyu
- Department of Periodontology and Dental Research Institute, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 03080, Korea; (J.U.C.); (K.-H.K.); (S.K.); (Y.-J.S.); (Y.-M.L.)
- Department of Periodontics, Seoul National University Dental Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea;
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Feres M, Retamal-Valdes B, Fermiano D, Faveri M, Figueiredo LC, Mayer MPA, Lee JJ, Bittinger K, Teles F. Microbiome changes in young periodontitis patients treated with adjunctive metronidazole and amoxicillin. J Periodontol 2020; 92:467-478. [PMID: 32844406 DOI: 10.1002/jper.20-0128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2020] [Revised: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To our knowledge, to date, no studies have comprehensively assessed the changes occurring in the subgingival microbiome of young patients with periodontitis treated by means of mechanical and antibiotic therapy. Thus, this study aimed to use next-generation sequencing to evaluate the subgingival microbial composition of young patients with severe periodontitis treated with scaling and root planing and systemic metronidazole and amoxicillin. METHODS Subgingival samples from healthy individuals and shallow and deep sites from periodontitis patients were individually collected at baseline and 90 days post-treatment. The samples were analyzed using 16S rRNA-gene sequencing (MiSeq-Illumina) and QIIME pipeline. Differences between groups for the microbiological data were determined using principal coordinate analysis (PCoA), linear mixed models, and the PERMANOVA test. RESULTS One hundred samples were collected from 10 periodontitis patients and seven healthy individuals. PCoA analysis revealed significant partitioning between pre-and post-treatment samples. No major differences in the composition of the subgingival microbiota were observed between shallow and deep sites, at baseline or at 90-days post-treatment, and the microbiome of both site categories after treatment moved closer in similarity to that observed in periodontal health. Treatment significantly improved all clinical parameters and reduced the relative abundance of classical periodontal pathogens and of Fretibacterium fastidiosum, Eubacterium saphenum, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Treponema medium, Synergistetes, TM7, and Treponema spp, and increased that of Actinomyces, Rothia, Haemophilus, Corynebacterium, and Streptococci spp. CONCLUSION Mechanical treatment associated with metronidazole and amoxicillin promoted a beneficial change in the microbiome of young individuals with severe periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magda Feres
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Belén Retamal-Valdes
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Daiane Fermiano
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Faveri
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Research Division, Guarulhos University, Guarulhos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marcia P A Mayer
- Department of Microbiology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jung-Jin Lee
- Microbiome Center at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kyle Bittinger
- Microbiome Center at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Flavia Teles
- Department of Basic and Translational Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Effective microbiological decontamination of dental healing abutments colonised with Rothia aeria by a diode laser as a helpful step towards successful implantoprosthetic therapy. Lasers Med Sci 2020; 36:875-887. [PMID: 32979136 DOI: 10.1007/s10103-020-03151-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to find variant of diode laser (λ = 810 nm) irradiation, which ensures elimination of unwanted microorganisms, including Rothia aeria, from dental healing abutments, and consequently accelerates process of wound healing in implantologically treated patients. The scope of the study included identification of the most contaminated areas on healing abutments, identification of microorganisms inhabiting various environments of oral cavities, assessment of effectiveness of various laser decontamination parameters against detected microorganisms (preliminary studies) and assessment of wound healing in patients after applying abutments with low roughness and optimal variant of laser irradiation (clinical studies). Imaging of surfaces of the healing abutments was performed using vertical scanning interferometry, scanning electron microscopy and optical microscopy. Microorganisms inhabiting the healing abutments, teeth and saliva from tested patients were identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Three programmes of near-infrared diode laser at average powers of 1.00-3.84 W with two variants of exposure time were used for optimisation of laser parameters. Observation of wound healing was performed for 100 patients during 20 days after installation of abutments. On surfaces of the used healing abutments, a large number of microorganisms, with a predominance of R. aeria, were found. Irradiation with periimplantitis surgical programme for 30 s resulted in 99-100% reduction in the number of R. aeria and other microorganisms, depending on type of abutment (in vivo). The use of diode laser in the selected variant accelerates wound healing and provides complete elimination of pathogenic R. aeria and other microorganisms inhabiting surfaces of the healing abutments without marks.
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Gürsoy UK, Fteita D, Bikker FJ, Grande MA, Nazmi K, Gürsoy M, Könönen E, Belstrøm D. Elevated Baseline Salivary Protease Activity May Predict the Steadiness of Gingival Inflammation During Periodontal Healing: A 12-Week Follow-Up Study on Adults. Pathogens 2020; 9:pathogens9090751. [PMID: 32942694 PMCID: PMC7558121 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens9090751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Revised: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim was to profile salivary total protease, Porphyromonas gingivalis gingipain, and neutrophil elastase activities in relation to the resolution of periodontal inflammation, salivary macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), and macrophage inflammatory protein-1α concentrations. Nonsurgical periodontal treatment was performed in 24 periodontitis patients in a prospective interventional study design. Periodontal clinical parameters were recorded, and stimulated saliva samples were collected at baseline and 2, 6, and 12 weeks after treatment. Salivary total protease and gingipain activities were determined using fluorogenic substrates, elastase activity by chromogenic substrates, and cytokine concentrations by Luminex immunoassay. For statistical analyses, generalized linear mixed models for repeated measures were used. Salivary total protease activity elevated, while gingival inflammation and plaque accumulation decreased 2 and 6 weeks after periodontal therapy. Salivary MDC concentration was elevated 12 weeks after periodontal treatment. Patients with elevated protease activities at baseline in comparison to patients with low baseline total protease activities, had higher levels of gingival inflammation before and after periodontal treatment. In conclusion, elevations in salivary total protease activity seem to be part of periodontal healing at its early phases. Higher levels of salivary total protease activities before periodontal treatment may predict the severity and steadiness of unresolved gingival inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulvi Kahraman Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Dareen Fteita
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Floris J. Bikker
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, 1081LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.J.B.); (K.N.)
| | - Maria Anastasia Grande
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.A.G.); (D.B.)
| | - Kamran Nazmi
- Department of Oral Biochemistry, Academic Centre for Dentistry Amsterdam, Free University and University of Amsterdam, 1081LA Amsterdam, The Netherlands; (F.J.B.); (K.N.)
| | - Mervi Gürsoy
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Eija Könönen
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Dentistry, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland; (D.F.); (M.G.); (E.K.)
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Section for Clinical Oral Microbiology, Periodontology, Department of Odontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (M.A.G.); (D.B.)
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Grande MA, Belstrøm D, Damgaard C, Holmstrup P, Thangaraj SS, Nielsen CH, Palarasah Y. Complement split product C3c in saliva as biomarker for periodontitis and response to periodontal treatment. J Periodontal Res 2020; 56:27-33. [PMID: 32681659 PMCID: PMC7891408 DOI: 10.1111/jre.12788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objective The complement system is engaged in inflammatory reactions both in the periodontal pockets and in the periodontium itself, where it can mediate tissue destruction. The aim of this study was, first, to compare salivary levels of the total complement system protein C3 and its split product, fluid‐phase C3c in patients with periodontitis and periodontally healthy controls. Next, to determine if C3 and C3c levels had biomarker potential in diagnosing and monitoring periodontitis and its treatment. We hypothesized that salivary levels of total C3 and the split product C3c associated with the severity of periodontitis and reflected decreased inflammatory activity after periodontal treatment. Methods At baseline, stimulated saliva samples were collected from patients with periodontitis (n = 18) and periodontally healthy controls (n = 15). Subsequently, non‐surgical periodontal treatment was performed in the patients, and saliva sampling from patients was repeated two‐, six‐, and twelve weeks post‐treatment (NCT02913248 at clinicaltrials.gov). The patients were grouped as good and poor responders to treatment according to the achieved reduction in bleeding on probing (BOP). Salivary levels of C3 and C3c were quantified using sandwich ELISA. Results Patients with periodontitis had higher baseline levels of both total C3 and the split product C3c in saliva than did periodontally healthy controls (P < .0001). Receiver operating curve (ROC) analyses discriminated patients with periodontitis from controls based on both C3 (AUC (area under curve) = 0.91, P < .001) and C3c levels (AUC = 0.84, P < .001) in saliva. Periodontal treatment improved all clinical parameters (P < .01). Good responders (n = 10) had lower baseline levels of C3c than poor responders (n = 8), (P < .05), and baseline levels of C3c discriminated between good and poor responders (AUC = 0.80, P < .05). Conclusion In conclusion, patients with periodontitis had higher salivary levels of C3c, and the C3c levels were predictive of reductions in BOP, that is, the poor responders. This suggests that salivary C3c levels possess potential to serve as a biomarker predicting the clinical response to non‐surgical periodontal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Anastasia Grande
- Section Clinical Oral Microbiology, Periodontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Daniel Belstrøm
- Section Clinical Oral Microbiology, Periodontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Christian Damgaard
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Periodontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Palle Holmstrup
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Periodontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sai Sindhu Thangaraj
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Claus Henrik Nielsen
- Section for Oral Biology and Immunopathology, Periodontology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Odontology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Institute for Inflammation Research, Center for Rheumatology and Spine Diseases, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospital, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Yaseelan Palarasah
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Cancer and Inflammation, Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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Nibali L, Sousa V, Davrandi M, Spratt D, Alyahya Q, Dopico J, Donos N. Differences in the periodontal microbiome of successfully treated and persistent aggressive periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol 2020; 47:980-990. [PMID: 32557763 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The primary aim of this investigation was to analyse the periodontal microbiome in patients with aggressive periodontitis (AgP) following treatment. METHODS Sixty-six AgP patients were recalled on average 7 years after completion of active periodontal treatment and had subgingival plaque samples collected and processed for 16S rRNA gene sequencing analyses. RESULTS Of 66 participants, 52 showed persistent periodontal disease, while 13 participants were considered as "successfully treated AgP" (no probing pocket depths >4 mm) and 1 was fully edentulous. Genera associated with persistent generalized disease included Actinomyces, Alloprevotella, Capnocytophaga, Filifactor, Fretibacterium, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Mogibacterium, Saccharibacteria [G-1], Selenomonas and Treponema. "Successfully treated" patients harboured higher proportions of Haemophilus, Rothia, and Lautropia and of Corynebacterium, Streptococcus and Peptidiphaga genera. Overall, patients with persistent generalized AgP (GAgP) revealed higher alpha diversity compared to persistent localized AgP (LAgP) and stable patients (p < .001). Beta diversity analyses revealed significant differences only between stable and persistent GAgP groups (p = .004). CONCLUSION Patients with persistent AgP showed a more dysbiotic subgingival biofilm than those who have been successfully treated. It remains to be established whether such differences were predisposing to disease activity or were a result of a dysbiotic change associated with disease recurrence in the presence of sub-standard supportive periodontal therapy or other patient-related factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Nibali
- Periodontology Unit, Centre for Host Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.,Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Vanessa Sousa
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
| | - Mehmet Davrandi
- Microbial Diseases Department, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - David Spratt
- Microbial Diseases Department, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Qumasha Alyahya
- Periodontology Unit, University College London Eastman Dental Institute, London, UK
| | - Jose Dopico
- Periodontics Department, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Nikos Donos
- Centre for Oral Immunobiology & Regenerative Medicine & Centre for Oral Clinical Research, Institute of Dentistry, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University London, London, UK
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