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S A, R V, Sivakumar K, Dash S. Effect of antidiabetic drug metformin hydrochloride on micellization behavior of cetylpyridinium bromide in aqueous solution. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:8969-8982. [PMID: 37667900 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2249113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the interaction of an antidiabetic drug, metformin hydrochloride (MHCl), and a cationic surfactant, cetylpyridinium bromide (CPB) is investigated in an aqueous medium. The critical micellar concentration (CMC) of CPB is estimated through conductivity experiments and found to be reduced on adding MHCl and further decreased in the presence of NaCl. The reduced CMC is attributed to the solubilization of MHCl by CPB through micellization and the micellization is found to be thermodynamically spontaneous that experiences an augmentation in the presence of NaCl. This is identified from the negative value of standard free energy (Δ G0m). The higher negative value of Δ G0m (-55.41 kJ mol-1) for CPB + MHCl + NaCl than CPB (-37.89 kJ mol-1) and CPB + MHCl (-34.08 kJ mol-1) is suggestive of the above phenomenon. The positive values of Δ S0m in all three cases confirm that the micellization is entropy driven. The binding of MHCl on CPB is quantified by estimating binding constant using the Benesi-Hildebrand (B-H) plot through UV-visible spectral methods. The binding constant values were calculated to be 2.70 M-1 for CPB + MHCl + NaCl compared to 1.258 M-1 for CPB + MHCl predicting a favoring of micellization in the presence of NaCl which is higher than that in the presence of co-solvents. The molecular interaction of MHCl and CPB is justified using FT-IR and NMR techniques. The surface properties of drug surfactant interactions are assessed using SEM techniques. The point of interaction between the drug and surfactant is visualized through the molecular docking approach. The results suggest that CPB would be an effective solubilizer for developing MHCl drug formulations.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali S
- Department of chemistry, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Vigneshwari R
- Department of chemistry, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Sivakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sri Chandrasekharendra Saraswathi Viswa Mahavidyalaya (Deemed to be University) [SCSVMV University], Kanchipuram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sasmita Dash
- Department of chemistry, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
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2
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Volkova T, Simonova O, Perlovich G. Mechanistic Insight in Permeability through Different Membranes in the Presence of Pharmaceutical Excipients: A Case of Model Hydrophobic Carbamazepine. Pharmaceutics 2024; 16:184. [PMID: 38399245 PMCID: PMC10893053 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16020184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 01/17/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the effects of two pharmaceutical excipients of differing natures-non-ionic surfactant pluronic F127 (F127) and anionic sulfobutylether-β-cyclodextrin (SBE-β-CD)-on the permeation of the model compound, carbamazepine (CBZ). The permeability coefficients of CBZ at three concentrations of the excipients were measured through two different artificial barriers: hydrophilic cellulose membrane (RC) and lipophilic polydimethylsiloxane-polycarbonate membrane (PDS). The equilibrium solubility of CBZ in F127 and SBE-β-CD solutions was determined. The micellization, complexation, and aggregation tendencies were investigated. Systemically increasing the solubility and the reduction of permeation upon the excipients' concentration growth was revealed. The quantitative evaluation of the permeability tendencies was carried out using a Pratio parameter, a quasi-equilibrium mathematical mass transport model, and a correction of permeability coefficients for the free drug concentration ("true" permeability values). The results revealed the mutual influence of the excipient properties and the membrane nature on the permeability variations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana Volkova
- G.A. Krestov Institute of Solution Chemistry RAS, 153045 Ivanovo, Russia; (O.S.); (G.P.)
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Birajdar SV, Mazahir F, Yadav AK. Transferrin functionalized poloxamer-chitosan nanoparticles of metformin: physicochemical characterization, in-vitro, and Ex-vivo studies. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2023; 49:734-747. [PMID: 37982183 DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2023.2282990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECT We report the preparation, characterization, and in-vitro therapeutic evaluation of Metformin-Loaded, Transferrin-Poloxamer-Functionalized Chitosan Nanoparticles (TPMC-NPs) for their repurposing in Alzheimer's disease (AD). SIGNIFICANCE Usefulness of this work to establish the repurposing of metformin for the treatment of AD. METHODS The TPMC-NPs were prepared by ionic gelation method using sodium tripolyphosphate. The modification and functionalization were confirmed by FTIR and 1H-NMR spectroscopy. The physicochemical characterization was performed using DLS, FTIR,1H-NMR, CD spectroscopy, SEM, DSC, PXRD, HR-TEM, and hot-stage microscopy. RESULTS The size, PDI, percent entrapment efficiency, and percent drug loading of TPMC-NPs were found to be 287.4 ± 9.5, 0.273 ± 0.067, 81.15 ± 7.17%, 11.75%±8.21%, respectively. Electron microscope analysis revealed smooth and spherical morphology. The transferrin conjugation efficiency was found to be 46% by the BCA method. CD spectroscopy confirmed no significant loss of the secondary structure of transferrin after conjugation. PXRD data indicated the amorphous nature of the TPMC-NPs. Hot-stage microscopy and DSC confirmed the thermal stability of TPMC-NPs. The in-vitro drug release showed a sustained release at pH 7.4. The DPPH assay displayed 80% antioxidant activity of TPMC-NPs in comparison with metformin and blank NPs. The in-vitro cytotoxicity assay revealed 69.60% viable SH- SY5Y cells at 100 µg/mL of TPMC NPs. The ex-vivo nasal ciliotoxicity and mucoadhesion studies showed no significant toxicity, and 98.16% adhesion, respectively. The nasal permeability study showed the release of metformin within 30 min from TPMC-NPs. CONCLUSION The obtained results suggested the usefulness of TPMC-NPs in the treatment of AD via the intranasal route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swapnali Vasant Birajdar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Farhan Mazahir
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
| | - Awesh K Yadav
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research-Raebareli, Lucknow, India
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4
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Zeng YC, Sobti M, Quinn A, Smith NJ, Brown SHJ, Vandenberg JI, Ryan RM, O'Mara ML, Stewart AG. Structural basis of promiscuous substrate transport by Organic Cation Transporter 1. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6374. [PMID: 37821493 PMCID: PMC10567722 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42086-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Organic Cation Transporter 1 (OCT1) plays a crucial role in hepatic metabolism by mediating the uptake of a range of metabolites and drugs. Genetic variations can alter the efficacy and safety of compounds transported by OCT1, such as those used for cardiovascular, oncological, and psychological indications. Despite its importance in drug pharmacokinetics, the substrate selectivity and underlying structural mechanisms of OCT1 remain poorly understood. Here, we present cryo-EM structures of full-length human OCT1 in the inward-open conformation, both ligand-free and drug-bound, indicating the basis for its broad substrate recognition. Comparison of our structures with those of outward-open OCTs provides molecular insight into the alternating access mechanism of OCTs. We observe that hydrophobic gates stabilize the inward-facing conformation, whereas charge neutralization in the binding pocket facilitates the release of cationic substrates. These findings provide a framework for understanding the structural basis of the promiscuity of drug binding and substrate translocation in OCT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi C Zeng
- Molecular, Structural and Computational Biology Division, The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Meghna Sobti
- Molecular, Structural and Computational Biology Division, The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ada Quinn
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola J Smith
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine & Health, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, NSW, Australia
| | - Simon H J Brown
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Bioscience, Molecular Horizons, and Australian Research Council Centre for Cryo-electron Microscopy of Membrane Proteins, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Jamie I Vandenberg
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Molecular Cardiology and Biophysics Division, The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia
| | - Renae M Ryan
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Megan L O'Mara
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Alastair G Stewart
- Molecular, Structural and Computational Biology Division, The Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, Australia.
- School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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5
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Sabbatini B, Romano Perinelli D, Filippo Palmieri G, Cespi M, Bonacucina G. Sodium lauryl sulfate as lubricant in tablets formulations: Is it worth? Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123265. [PMID: 37482231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
Lubricants are excipients used in tablet formulations to reduce friction and adhesion forces within the die or on the punches surface during the manufacturing process. Despite these excipients are always required for the tablets production, their amount must be carefully evaluated since lubricants can negatively impact on mechanical strength, disintegration and dissolution behavior of solid dosage forms. Alternative compounds have been suggested to overcome the issues of conventional lubricants and sodium lauryl sulfate (SDS) is one of the most promising one. Despite SDS has been object of several investigations, a definitive conclusion on its effectiveness cannot still be drawn. Particularly, its efficacy on tablets disaggregation and API dissolution is still unclear. Here, the effect of SDS on all the relevant features of tablets and tableting process has been evaluated on immediate release hydrophobic tablets formulations in comparison with conventional lubricants. The results of this investigation are quite outspoken: SDS has a low lubricant power while it determines only a limited improvement on tablets hardness. It greatly improves the tablets wettability but only on model formulations, the presence of superdisintegrants resets its effectiveness and any possible effect on tablets disaggregation. None of the tested formulations showed improvement on the API dissolution rate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Marco Cespi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC 62032, Italy.
| | - Giulia Bonacucina
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Camerino, MC 62032, Italy
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He MC, Lin SJ, Huang TC, Chen GF, Peng YP, Chen WH. The Influences of Pore Blockage by Natural Organic Matter and Pore Dimension Tuning on Pharmaceutical Adsorption onto GO-Fe 3O 4. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2063. [PMID: 37513074 PMCID: PMC10384072 DOI: 10.3390/nano13142063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The ubiquitous presence of pharmaceutical pollution in the environment and its adverse impacts on public health and aquatic ecosystems have recently attracted increasing attention. Graphene oxide coated with magnetite (GO-Fe3O4) is effective at removing pharmaceuticals in water by adsorption. However, the myriad compositions in real water are known to adversely impact the adsorption performance. One objective of this study was to investigate the influence of pore blockage by natural organic matter (NOM) with different sizes on pharmaceutical adsorption onto GO-Fe3O4. Meanwhile, the feasibility of pore dimension tuning of GO-Fe3O4 for selective adsorption of pharmaceuticals with different structural characteristics was explored. It was shown in the batch experiments that the adsorbed pharmaceutical concentrations onto GO-Fe3O4 were significantly affected (dropped by 2-86%) by NOM that had size ranges similar to the pore dimensions of GO-Fe3O4, as the impact was enhanced when the adsorption occurred at acidic pHs (e.g., pH 3). Specific surface areas, zeta potentials, pore volumes, and pore-size distributions of GO-Fe3O4 were influenced by the Fe content forming different-sized Fe3O4 between GO layers. Low Fe contents in GO-Fe3O4 increased the formation of nano-sized pores (2.0-12.5 nm) that were efficient in the adsorption of pharmaceuticals with low molecular weights (e.g., 129 kDa) or planar structures via size discrimination or inter-planar π-π interaction, respectively. As excess larger-sized pores (e.g., >50 nm) were formed on the surface of GO-Fe3O4 due to higher Fe contents, pharmaceuticals with larger molecular weights (e.g., 296 kDa) or those removed by electrostatic attraction between the adsorbate and adsorbent dominated on the GO-Fe3O4 surface. Given these observations, the surface characteristics of GO-Fe3O4 were alterable to selectively remove different pharmaceuticals in water by adsorption, and the critical factors determining the adsorption performance were discussed. These findings provide useful views on the feasibility of treating pharmaceutical wastewater, recycling valuable pharmaceuticals, or removing those with risks to public health and ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Cyuan He
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Sian-Jhang Lin
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Tao-Cheng Huang
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Guan-Fu Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Ping Peng
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol Science and Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Hsiang Chen
- Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Aerosol Science and Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
- Department of Public Health, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
- Center for Emerging Contaminants Research, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 804, Taiwan
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7
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Türk D, Scherer N, Selzer D, Dings C, Hanke N, Dallmann R, Schwab M, Timmins P, Nock V, Lehr T. Significant impact of time-of-day variation on metformin pharmacokinetics. Diabetologia 2023; 66:1024-1034. [PMID: 36930251 PMCID: PMC10163090 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05898-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The objective was to investigate if metformin pharmacokinetics is modulated by time-of-day in humans using empirical and mechanistic pharmacokinetic modelling techniques on a large clinical dataset. This study also aimed to generate and test hypotheses on the underlying mechanisms, including evidence for chronotype-dependent interindividual differences in metformin plasma and efficacy-related tissue concentrations. METHODS A large clinical dataset consisting of individual metformin plasma and urine measurements was analysed using a newly developed empirical pharmacokinetic model. Causes of daily variation of metformin pharmacokinetics and interindividual variability were further investigated by a literature-informed mechanistic modelling analysis. RESULTS A significant effect of time-of-day on metformin pharmacokinetics was found. Daily rhythms of gastrointestinal, hepatic and renal processes are described in the literature, possibly affecting drug pharmacokinetics. Observed metformin plasma levels were best described by a combination of a rhythm in GFR, renal plasma flow (RPF) and organic cation transporter (OCT) 2 activity. Furthermore, the large interindividual differences in measured metformin concentrations were best explained by individual chronotypes affecting metformin clearance, with impact on plasma and tissue concentrations that may have implications for metformin efficacy. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Metformin's pharmacology significantly depends on time-of-day in humans, determined with the help of empirical and mechanistic pharmacokinetic modelling, and rhythmic GFR, RPF and OCT2 were found to govern intraday variation. Interindividual variation was found to be partly dependent on individual chronotype, suggesting diurnal preference as an interesting, but so-far underappreciated, topic with regard to future personalised chronomodulated therapy in people with type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Türk
- Clinical Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Nina Scherer
- Clinical Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Dominik Selzer
- Clinical Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | | | - Nina Hanke
- Clinical Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Robert Dallmann
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, Warwick Medical School, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Matthias Schwab
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacology, Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC2180) 'Image-guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Peter Timmins
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, UK
| | - Valerie Nock
- Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Thorsten Lehr
- Clinical Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany.
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Wadu Dasuni Wasana P, Vajragupta O, Rojsitthisak P, Towiwat P, Rojsitthisak P. Metformin and curcumin co-encapsulated chitosan/alginate nanoparticles as effective oral carriers against pain-like behaviors in mice. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:123037. [PMID: 37172632 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Nanotechnology plays an integral role in multimodal analgesia. In this study, we co-encapsulated metformin (Met) and curcumin (Cur) into chitosan/alginate (CTS/ALG) nanoparticles (NPs) at their synergistic drug ratio by applying response surface methodology. The optimized Met-Cur-CTS/ALG-NPs were achieved with Pluronic® F-127 2.33% (w/v), Met 5.91 mg, and CTS:ALG mass ratio 0.05:1. The prepared Met-Cur-CTS/ALG-NPs had 243 nm particle size, -21.6 mV zeta potential, 32.6 and 44.2% Met and Cur encapsulations, 19.6 and 6.8% Met and Cur loading, respectively, and 2.9:1 Met:Cur mass ratio. Met-Cur-CTS/ALG-NPs displayed stability under simulated gastrointestinal (GI) fluid conditions and during storage. In vitro release study of Met-Cur-CTS/ALG-NPs in simulated GI fluids showed sustained release, with Met exhibiting Fickian diffusion and Cur demonstrating non-Fickian diffusion following the Korsmeyer-Peppas model. Met-Cur-CTS/ALG-NPs exhibited increased mucoadhesion and improved cellular uptake in Caco-2 cells. Additionally, Met-Cur-CTS/ALG-NPs exhibited better anti-inflammatory effects in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage and BV-2 microglial cells than the equivalent amount of the Met-Cur physical mixture, indicating a greater ability to modulate peripheral and central immune mechanisms of pain. In the mouse formalin-induced pain model, Met-Cur-CTS/ALG-NPs administered orally exhibited better attenuation of pain-like behaviors and proinflammatory cytokine release compared to the Met-Cur physical mixture. Furthermore, Met-Cur-CTS/ALG-NPs did not induce significant side effects in mice at therapeutic doses. Altogether, the present study establishes a CTS/ALG nano-delivery system for Met-Cur combination against pain with improved efficacy and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peththa Wadu Dasuni Wasana
- Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology Program, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Opa Vajragupta
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Molecular Probes for Imaging Research Network, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Pornchai Rojsitthisak
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Department of Food and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Pasarapa Towiwat
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
| | - Pranee Rojsitthisak
- Center of Excellence in Natural Products for Ageing and Chronic Diseases, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; Metallurgy and Materials Science Research Institute, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand.
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9
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Kaplan ABU, Cetin M, Bayram C, Yildirim S, Taghizadehghalehjoughi A, Hacimuftuoglu A. In Vivo Evaluation of Nanoemulsion Formulations for Metformin and Repaglinide Alone and Combination. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1411-1426. [PMID: 36649792 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Repaglinide and Metformin are used to treat Type 2 diabetes. Repaglinide with poor water solubility has relatively low oral bioavailability (56%) and undergoes hepatic first-pass metabolism. The oral bioavailability of metformin HCl is also low (about 50-60%). The purpose of this study was to prepare nanoemulsion formulations containing metformin HCl or repaglinide alone or in combination and characterize them in vitro and in vivo. Nanoemulsion formulations containing metformin HCl and/or repaglinide were successfully prepared and in vitro characterized. In addition, in vivo efficacy of nanoemulsion formulations was evaluated in a streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rat model. Biochemical, histopathological, and immunohistochemical evaluations were also performed. The mean droplet size and zeta potential values of nanoemulsion formulations were in the range of 110.15±2.64-120.23±2.16 nm and -21.95 - -24.33 mV, respectively. The percent entrapment efficiency values of nanoemulsion formulations were in the range of 93.600%-96.152%. All nanoemulsion formulations had a PDI of ≤0.223. A statistically significant decrease was observed in the blood glucose values of the diabetic rats treated with nanoemulsion formulations containing active substance/substances, compared to diabetic rats (control) (p<0.05). Nanoemulsion formulations (especially nanoemulsion containing metformin HCl and repaglinide combination) have a better antidiabetic activity and are more effective in reducing oxidative stress caused by diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Meltem Cetin
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Turkey.
| | - Cemil Bayram
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Turkey
| | - Serkan Yildirim
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Pathology, Turkey
| | | | - Ahmet Hacimuftuoglu
- Atatürk University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Turkey
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Akter R, Anis-Ul-Haque KM, Mottalib MA, Kumar D, Joy MTR, Rana S, Hoque MA, Almutairi TM, Mohammed AAA, Iqbal A. Influences of short-chain alcohols, urea and temperature on aggregation behaviour of tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide and antidiabetic drug mixture. Mol Phys 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2022.2148584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Roksanur Akter
- Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - K. M. Anis-Ul-Haque
- Department of Chemistry, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdul Mottalib
- Institute of Leather Engineering and Technology, University of Dhaka, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Dileep Kumar
- Laboratory for Chemical Computation and Modeling, Institute for Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- Faculty of Applied Technology, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Md. Tuhinur R. Joy
- Department of Chemistry, Jashore University of Science and Technology, Jashore, Bangladesh
| | - Shahed Rana
- Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Anamul Hoque
- Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | | | | | - Amjad Iqbal
- Department of Advanced Materials & Technologies, Faculty of Materials Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Gliwice, Poland
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11
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Liang H, Sun C, Feng Z, Wang X, Kong L, Zhu F, Yao J, Yuan X, Liu Z, Zhang G, Li F. Study on Integrated Pharmacokinetics of the Component-Based Chinese Medicine of Ginkgo biloba Leaves Based on Nanocrystalline Solid Dispersion Technology. Int J Nanomedicine 2022; 17:4039-4057. [PMID: 36105621 PMCID: PMC9467298 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s379736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background To improve the dissolution and bioavailability of the component-based Chinese medicine of Ginkgo biloba leaves (GBCCM), a novel nanocrystalline solid dispersion of GBCCM (GBCCM NC-SD) was first prepared. Methods GBCCM mainly containing high pure flavonoid aglycones (FAs) and terpenoid lactones (TLs) was used as the model drug. PVP K30 and SDS were used as solubilizers, combined stabilizers and carriers, and GBCCM NC-SD was prepared by high-pressure homogenization combined with freeze-dryer. Morphology and crystal characteristic of GBCCM NC-SD were analyzed. The dissolution and bioavailability evaluation were performed to investigate the feasibility of GBCCM NC-SD by in vitro dissolution and in vivo integrated pharmacokinetic models. Results After homogenizing for 30 cycles under the pressure of 650 bar and freeze-drying, GBCCM NC-SD with uniform quality would be obtained. The particle size, PDI and zeta potential were found to be 335.9 ± 32.8 nm, 0.29 ± 0.02 and −28.4 ± 0.7 mV respectively. Based on charged aerosol detector (CAD) technology, a new chromatographic method for simultaneous detection of eight components in GBCCM was developed. In vitro drug release study showed that the cumulative dissolution of FAs and TLs in GBCCM NC-SD increased from 12.77% to 52.92% (P < 0.01) and 90.91% to 99.21% (P < 0.05) respectively. In comparison with physical mixture of GBCCM and stabilizer (PM), the integrated pharmacokinetics AUC0-t of FAs and TLs in GBCCM NC-SD were significantly increased (P < 0.05), and the T1/2 of TLs was also significantly prolonged (P < 0.05). Conclusion This study demonstrated that novel GBCCM NC-SD was prepared using Polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP K30) and Sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a synergetic stabilizer and also provided a feasible way to improve the dissolution and oral bioavailability of poorly soluble candidate antihypertensive drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongbao Liang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China.,Center for Drug Safety Evaluation, Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linyi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Chenghong Sun
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation, Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linyi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Feng
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation, Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linyi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, People's Republic of China.,School of Pharmaceutical Sciences (Shenzhen), Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianzhen Wang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation, Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Lingpeng Kong
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation, Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linyi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation, Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linyi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingchun Yao
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation, Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linyi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhong Liu
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation, Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linyi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Guimin Zhang
- Center for Drug Safety Evaluation, Shandong New Time Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Linyi, People's Republic of China.,State Key Laboratory of Generic Manufacture Technology of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Lunan Pharmaceutical Group Co., Ltd., Linyi, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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12
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Sanchez-Silva JM, Collins-Martínez VH, Padilla-Ortega E, Aguilar-Aguilar A, Labrada-Delgado GJ, Gonzalez-Ortega O, Palestino-Escobedo G, Ocampo-Pérez R. CHARACTERIZATION AND TRANSFORMATION OF NANCHE STONE (BYRSONIMA CRASSIFOLIA) IN AN ACTIVATED HYDROCHAR WITH HIGH ADSORPTION CAPACITY TOWARDS METFORMIN IN AQUEOUS SOLUTION. Chem Eng Res Des 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cherd.2022.05.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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13
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Alshora DH, Ibrahim MA, Zayed G, Al Rwashed MA, Abou-Taleb HA, Ali MF. The role of sodium lauryl sulfate on formulation of directly compressed tablets containing simvastatin and aspirin: Effect on drugs dissolution and gastric mucosa. Saudi Pharm J 2022; 30:635-645. [PMID: 35693440 PMCID: PMC9177453 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsps.2022.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
According to the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association (ACC/AHA), both aspirin and statin are used in the primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Aspirin (ASA) is contraindicated if there is gastrointestinal bleeding because it will exaggerate the condition. In this study, the effect of surfactant; sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), in enhancing the in vitro dissolution of simvastatin (SIM) and ASA, as well as gastric irritation and upset, was studied. Oral tablets containing both ASA and SIM with and without the SLS were manufactured using the direct compression technique. The prepared tablets were characterized with respect to hardness, friability, uniformity of dosage units, in vitro disintegration, and dissolution. The effect of the addition of SLS in reducing the in vivo irritation and protection of gastric mucosa were also investigated. The results showed that the compressed tablets possessed sufficient hardness, acceptable friability, and are uniform with respect to disintegration, drugs contents, and tablet weight. The results showed that SIM alone exhibited a gastroprotective effect on the induced irritation. In addition, the incorporation of the SLS in the tablets containing SIM and ASA significantly enhanced the dissolution rates of both drugs and significantly decreased the gastric irritation and the ulcer index. The ulcer index of aspirin was decreased from 2.3 for tablets manufactured without SLS to 0.8 for tablets containing SLS. In a conclusion, the addition of pH modifier surfactant; SLS could enhance the dissolution rate of poorly soluble acidic drugs, reduce gastric upset and irritation without any effect on the main characters of the tablets. Moreover, the addition of SLS is very useful in improving the therapeutic activities and reducing the side effects of ASA and SIM for patients who require long-term administration of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Doaa H. Alshora
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed A. Ibrahim
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Gamal Zayed
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
- Al-Azhar Centre of Nanosciences and Applications (ACNA), Al-Azhar University, Assiut, Egypt
| | | | - Heba A. Abou-Taleb
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Industrial Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Merit University (MUE), Sohag, Egypt
| | - Marwa F. Ali
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assuit University, Egypt
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14
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Design and optimization of metformin hydrophobic ion pairs for efficient encapsulation in polymeric drug carriers. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5737. [PMID: 35388027 PMCID: PMC8986808 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Loading small molecular weight hydrophilic drugs into polymeric carriers is a challenging task. Metformin hydrochloride (MET) is a highly soluble oral antidiabetic drug of small size and high cationic charge. Hydrophobic ion pairing (HIP) is an approach for reversible modulation of solubility and hydrophilicity of water-soluble drugs via complexation with oppositely charged molecules. Herein, we prepared MET ion pairs and carefully studied and characterized MET interaction with different ligands, with the aim of increasing MET lipophilicity and loading efficiency. HIP was successful using three hydrophilic anionic ligands; sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) Carbopol (CB) and tannic acid (TA). Electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding drove the complexation per spectroscopic and thermal studies. Complexation efficiency depended on ligand type and charge ratio. While complexes had varying interaction strengths, the excessive stability of TA/MET resulted in unfavorable poor MET dissociation. Notably, HIP imparted a 450 and tenfold lipophilicity increase for SDS/MET and CB/MET, respectively. The latter showed favorable controlled, yet complete release of MET at pH 6.8 and was loaded into alginate beads. Complex bulkiness and decreased lipophilicity resulted in a dramatic 88% increase of MET loading, demonstrating the success of HIP as a simple, efficient and applicable approach for modulating drug’s properties.
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15
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Fandaruff C, Caon T, Araya-Sibaja AM, Rauber GS, Silva MAS, Simões CMO, de Campos CEM, Bortoluzzi AJ, Resende JALC, Cuffini SL. A New Saquinavir Mesylate-Sodium Decyl Sulfate Salt Discovered by Serendipity during an Anomalous Dissolution Test. Pharm Res 2022; 39:189-200. [PMID: 35064418 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03167-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To understand the anomalous behavior of Saquinavir Mesylate (SQVM) in sodium decyl sulfate (SDS) medium during a dissolution test through a crystallographic analysis of the crystal obtained. As a result, it will be possible to elucidate its crystal structure and carry out a complete solid-state characterization of the API. METHODS The solid form obtained was characterized by a structural analysis through X-ray single crystal and powder diffraction. The crystallographic structures of the new salt and the SQVM were compared. In addition, a complete solid-state characterization of SQVM raw material was carried out by techniques such as diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS), Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy and a dissolution method. RESULTS A new salt consisting of SQVM and SDS was crystallized and its crystal structure was elucidated and reported herein for the first time. The anionic part of SDS interacts with the cationic segment of SQVM to obtain a new salt designated as SQV-DS, which precipitates. The main difference between the two structures occurs in the c-axis expansion, which increases from 15.966 (5) to 21.1924 (14), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Some of the strategies to enhance the dissolution rate of poorly aqueous soluble APIs include the use of surfactants such as SDS in the dissolution medium, as well as in the formulated products. However, there have been constant reports of a dissolution rate slowdown by some surfactants. The interaction mechanisms between the APIs and the dissolution medium containing surfactants need to be carefully investigated in current pharmaceutical formulations. Graphical Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cinira Fandaruff
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil.
| | - Thiago Caon
- Laboratório de Farmacotécnica e Cosmetologia, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriela Schneider Rauber
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Marcos Antônio Segatto Silva
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, UFSC Campus Reitor João David Ferreira Lima, s/n Trindade, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, CEP: 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Maria Oliveira Simões
- Laboratório de Virologia Aplicada, Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Adailton João Bortoluzzi
- Laboratório de Bioinorgânica e Cristalografia, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Lucia Cuffini
- Pós-Graduação em Engenharia e Ciências dos Materiais, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São José dos Campos, Brazil
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16
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Guo Y, Sun CC. Formulation strategies for mitigating dissolution reduction of p-aminobenzoic acid by sodium lauryl sulfate through diffusion layer modulation. Int J Pharm 2022; 611:121310. [PMID: 34822963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The use of the surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), instead of enhancing drug dissolution, deteriorates the dissolution of some alkaline drugs through forming poorly soluble lauryl sulfate salts. The thermodynamic driving force for precipitation of such salts is the ratio of ion product in solution (Q) to the solubility product of the salt (Ksp). In this work, we have examined two formulation strategies for mitigating the negative effect of SLS on the dissolution of p-aminobenzoic acid (PABA) by reducing the Q value of its LS salt in the diffusion layer: 1) introducing alkalizing excipient, Na3PO4, to reduce the concentration of PABAH+ by elevating the microenvironment pH, and 2) introducing NaCl to reduce the LS- monomer concentration by depressing the critical micelle concentration (CMC) of SLS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwang Guo
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard St. S.E., Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States.
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17
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Guo Y, Sun CC. Pharmaceutical Lauryl Sulfate Salts: Prevalence, Formation Rules, and Formulation Implications. Mol Pharm 2021; 19:432-439. [PMID: 34672628 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.1c00690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The anionic surfactant sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is known to deteriorate the dissolution of some drugs by forming poorly soluble lauryl sulfate (LS) salts. However, because of the perception of its infrequent occurrence, this phenomenon is usually not investigated in drug development until unexpected dissolution slowdown is encountered. This work demonstrates the prevalence of this phenomenon, where 14 out of 18 compounds with diverse chemical structures, including salts of basic drugs, a quaternary ammonium salt, organic bases, and zwitterionic molecules, precipitated from a solution when mixed with SLS. Although no precipitation was observed for the other 4 compounds, their FTIR spectra suggested 3 of them had intermolecular interactions with SLS when dried from a solution. These results, along with the 5 other examples reported in the literature, demonstrate the prevalence of this phenomenon. The occurrence of precipitation is thermodynamically driven by the relative difference between the ion product in solution (Q) and the solubility product of the lauryl sulfate salt (Ksp). SLS, as a surfactant, also affects precipitation kinetics by influencing the interfacial tension of nuclei of the insoluble salt. When a potential issue associated with the LS salt is identified, effective mitigation strategies should be proactively designed and implemented to alleviate its possible negative impact on drug dissolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwang Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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18
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Gel Strength of Hydrophilic Matrix Tablets in Terms of In Vitro Robustness. Pharm Res 2021; 38:1297-1306. [PMID: 34152536 PMCID: PMC8292303 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-021-03068-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to correlate the gel strength of swollen matrix tablets with their in vitro robustness against agitation intensity and applied mechanical forces. Five commercial products, i.e. Glucophage®, Alfuzosin®, Tromphyllin®, Preductal® MR and Quetiapin® formulated as water-soluble/erodible matrix tablets were investigated. METHODS Effect of agitation speed (50-150 rpm) on drug release, hydration/erosion and gel strength was investigated using USP paddle apparatus II. The gel strength of matrix tablets during dissolution at different conditions was characterized by a texture analyzer. RESULTS Commercial tablets formulated with HPMC of higher viscosity, such as K15M or K100M, demonstrated the gel strength in swollen state >0.02 MPa. In this case, the release mechanism was predominantly diffusional and, therefore, not affected by stirring speed and mechanical stress. In contrast, the Quetiapin® matrix tablet, formulated with HPMC K 4 M in amount of approx. 25%, demonstrated the gel strength dropped below 0.02 MPa after 6 h of release. In this case, the drug was predominantly released via erosional mechanism and very susceptible to stirring speed. CONCLUSION Sufficient gel strength of swollen tablets is an important prerequisite for unchanged in vitro performance in consideration of mechanical stress.
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19
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Jin G, Ngo HV, Cui JH, Wang J, Park C, Lee BJ. Role of Surfactant Micellization for Enhanced Dissolution of Poorly Water-Soluble Cilostazol Using Poloxamer 407-Based Solid Dispersion via the Anti-Solvent Method. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13050662. [PMID: 34063136 PMCID: PMC8148127 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13050662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the role of micellization of sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) in poloxamer 407 (POX)-based solid dispersions (POX-based SDs) using the anti-solvent method in enhancing the dissolution rate of practically water-insoluble cilostazol (CLT). Herein, SLS was incorporated into CLT-loaded SDs, at a weight ratio of 50:50:10 of CLT, POX, and SLS by three different methods: anti-solvent, fusion (60 °C), and solvent (ethanol) evaporation. The SDs containing micellar SLS in the anti-solvent method were superior in the transformation of the crystalline form of the drug into a partial amorphous state. It was notable that there was an existence of a hydrophobic interaction between the surfactant and the hydrophobic regions of polymer chain via non-covalent bonding and the adsorption of micellar SLS to the POX-based SDs matrix. Moreover, SLS micellization via the anti-solvent method was effectively interleaved in SDs and adhered by the dissolved CLT, which precluded drug particles from aggregation and recrystallization, resulting in improved SD wettability (lower contact angle) and reduced particle size and dissolution rate. In contrast, SDs without micellar SLS prepared by the solvent method exerted drug recrystallization and an increase of particle size, resulting in decreased dissolution. Incorporation of surfactant below or above critical micellar concentration (CMC) in SDs using the anti-solvent method should be considered in advance. Dissolution results showed that the pre-added incorporation of micellar SLS into POX-based SDs using the anti-solvent method could provide a way of a solubilization mechanism to enhance the dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (G.J.); (H.V.N.); (C.P.)
- School of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China
| | - Hai V. Ngo
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (G.J.); (H.V.N.); (C.P.)
| | - Jing-Hao Cui
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China;
| | - Jie Wang
- Students Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center, Jilin Institute of Chemical Technology, Jilin 132022, China;
| | - Chulhun Park
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (G.J.); (H.V.N.); (C.P.)
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Beom-Jin Lee
- College of Pharmacy, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea; (G.J.); (H.V.N.); (C.P.)
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Ajou University, Suwon 16499, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-219-3442
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20
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Zarmpi P, Flanagan T, Meehan E, Mann J, Fotaki N. Impact of Magnesium Stearate Presence and Variability on Drug Apparent Solubility Based on Drug Physicochemical Properties. AAPS JOURNAL 2020; 22:75. [PMID: 32440810 PMCID: PMC7242257 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-020-00449-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Excipients are major components of oral solid dosage forms, and changes in their critical material attributes (excipient variability) and/or amount (excipient variation) in pharmaceutical formulations may present a challenge for product performance. Understanding the biopharmaceutical factors affecting excipient performance is recommended for the successful implementation of excipient variability on Quality by Design (QbD) approaches. The current study investigated the impact of magnesium stearate (MgSt) variability on the apparent solubility of drugs with a wide range of physicochemical properties (drug ionization, drug lipophilicity, drug aqueous solubility). Compendial and biorelevant media were used to assess the role of gastrointestinal (GI) conditions on the excipient effects on drug apparent solubility. The lipophilic nature of MgSt decreased the apparent solubility of most compounds. The reduction in drug apparent solubility was more pronounced for highly soluble and/or highly ionized drugs and in presence of more highly crystalline or smaller particle size MgSt. The use of multivariate data analysis revealed the critical physicochemical and biopharmaceutical factors and the complex nature of excipient variability on the reduction in drug apparent solubility. The construction of a roadmap combining drug, excipient and medium characteristics allowed the identification of the cases where the presence of excipient or excipient variability may present risks for oral drug performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zarmpi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - T Flanagan
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK.,UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - E Meehan
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - J Mann
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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21
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Ghori MU, Nirwan JS, Asim T, Chahid Y, Farhaj S, Khizer Z, Timmins P, Conway BR. MUCO-DIS: a New AFM-Based Nanoscale Dissolution Technique. AAPS PharmSciTech 2020; 21:142. [PMID: 32419061 PMCID: PMC7231801 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-020-01697-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mucoadhesion-based drug delivery systems have recently gained interest because of their bio-adhesion capability, which results in enhanced residence time leading to prolonged duration of action with the mucosal surface, potentially improving compliance and convenience. Mucoadhesion testing of these formulations is widely reported; however, this is technically challenging due to the absence of any standard methods and difficulty in conducting mucoadhesion, formulation-mucosal surface interaction, mucosal surface topography and drug release in a single experiment. As these measurements are currently conducted separately, on replicate formulations, results can often be subjective and difficult to correlate. Hence, the aim of the present study was to develop a new AFM-based single-entity ex vivo muco-dissolution (MUCO-DIS) technique to simultaneously evaluate mucoadhesion force, 3D surface topography, polymer dissolution and drug release characteristics. To demonstrate the potential of the current technique, the interactions between model pectin microparticles containing metformin HCl and a range of gastrointestinal mucosal surfaces (gastric, small intestine, large intestine and buccal) were studied. This novel system has not only successfully determined the mucoadhesion force, polymer dissolution and drug release information but has also highlighted the difference in microparticle performance with different mucosal targets. The current work has highlighted the potential of this newly developed MUCO-DIS system and we believe this will be a valuable tool for characterising these popular pharmaceutical formulations. This technique could also provide an opportunity to other scientific fields to evaluate materials, substrate behaviour and their interactions in their hydrated state at nanoscale with real-time chemical and surface mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Usman Ghori
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK.
| | - Jorabar Singh Nirwan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Taimoor Asim
- School of Engineering, Robert Gordon University, Aberdeen, AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Younes Chahid
- EPSRC Future Metrology Hub, School of Computing and Engineering, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Samia Farhaj
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Zara Khizer
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Peter Timmins
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
| | - Barbara R Conway
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Applied Sciences, University of Huddersfield, Huddersfield, HD1 3DH, UK
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22
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Zarmpi P, Flanagan T, Meehan E, Mann J, Fotaki N. Biopharmaceutical Understanding of Excipient Variability on Drug Apparent Solubility Based on Drug Physicochemical Properties: Case Study-Hypromellose (HPMC). AAPS JOURNAL 2020; 22:49. [PMID: 32072317 PMCID: PMC7028811 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0411-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Identification of the biopharmaceutical risks of excipients and excipient variability on oral drug performance can be beneficial for the development of robust oral drug formulations. The current study investigated the impact of Hypromellose (HPMC) presence and varying viscosity type, when used as a binder in immediate release formulations, on the apparent solubility of drugs with wide range of physicochemical properties (drug ionization, drug lipophilicity, drug aqueous solubility). The role of physiological conditions on the impact of excipients on drug apparent solubility was assessed with the use of pharmacopoeia (compendial) and biorelevant media. Presence of HPMC affected drug solubility according to the physicochemical properties of studied compounds. The possible combined effects of polymer adsorption (drug shielding effect) or the formation of a polymeric viscous layer around drug particles may have retarded drug dissolution leading to reduced apparent solubility of highly soluble and/or highly ionized compounds and were pronounced mainly at early time points. Increase in the apparent solubility of poorly soluble low ionized drugs containing a neutral amine group was observed which may relate to enhanced drug solubilization or reduced drug precipitation. The use of multivariate data analysis confirmed the importance of drug physicochemical properties on the impact of excipients on drug apparent solubility and revealed that changes in HPMC material properties or amount may not be critical for oral drug performance when HPMC is used as a binder. The construction of a roadmap combining drug, excipient, and medium characteristics allowed the identification of the cases where HPMC presence may present risks in oral drug performance and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Zarmpi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - T Flanagan
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK.,UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, 1420, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - E Meehan
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - J Mann
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - N Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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23
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Zarmpi P, Flanagan T, Meehan E, Mann J, Fotaki N. Biopharmaceutical Understanding of Excipient Variability on Drug Apparent Solubility Based on Drug Physicochemical Properties. Case Study: Superdisintegrants. AAPS JOURNAL 2020; 22:46. [PMID: 32048079 PMCID: PMC7012964 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-019-0406-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The presence of different excipient types/brands in solid oral dosage forms may affect product performance and drug bioavailability. Understanding the biopharmaceutical implications of superdisintegrant variability (changes in material properties), variation (changes in excipient amount) and interchangeability (use of different excipient types with the same intended functionality) in oral drug performance would be beneficial for the development of robust final dosage forms. The current study investigated the impact of superdisintegrants (sodium starch glycolate, croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone) on the apparent solubility of drugs with different physicochemical properties (drug ionisation, drug lipophilicity, drug aqueous solubility). Compendial and biorelevant media were used to assess the impact of gastrointestinal conditions on the effects of excipient on drug apparent solubility. For the majority of compounds, changes in drug apparent solubility were not observed in superdisintegrant presence, apart from the cases of highly ionised compounds (significant decrease in drug solubility) and/or compounds that aggregate/precipitate in solution (significant increase in drug solubility). Excipient variability did not greatly affect the impact of excipients on drug apparent solubility. The use of multivariate data analysis identified the biopharmaceutical factors affecting excipient performance. The construction of roadmaps revealed that superdisintegrants may be of low risk for the impact of excipients on oral drug performance based on drug solubility alone; superdisintegrants activity could still be a risk for oral bioavailability due to their effects on tablet disintegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Zarmpi
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK
| | - Talia Flanagan
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK.,UCB Pharma, Chemin du Foriest, B-1420, Braine-l'Alleud, Belgium
| | - Elizabeth Meehan
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - James Mann
- Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, AstraZeneca, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Nikoletta Fotaki
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, University of Bath, Bath, BA2 7AY, UK.
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Guo Y, Mishra MK, Wang C, Sun CC. Crystallographic and Energetic Insights into Reduced Dissolution and Physical Stability of a Drug-Surfactant Salt: The Case of Norfloxacin Lauryl Sulfate. Mol Pharm 2020; 17:579-587. [PMID: 31829631 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.9b01015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A commonly used pharmaceutical surfactant, sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS), has been reported to reduce the dissolution rate of drugs due to the formation of a less soluble drug-lauryl sulfate salt. In this study, we provide direct crystallographic evidence of the formation of salt between SLS and norfloxacin (NOR), [NORH+][LS-]·1.5 H2O. The available crystal structure also enables the use of the energy framework to gain an understanding of the structure-property relationship. Results show that the hydrophobic methyl groups in SLS dominate the surfaces of the [NORH+][LS-]·1.5 H2O crystals, resulting in the increased hydrophobicity and reduced wettability by aqueous media. Moreover, an analysis of molecular environments and energy calculations of water molecules provides insight into the stability of [NORH+][LS-]·1.5 H2O with variations in the relative humidity and temperature. In summary, important pharmaceutical properties, such as solubility, dissolution, and thermal stability, of the drug-surfactant salt [NORH+][LS-]·1.5 H2O have been characterized and understood based on crystallographic and energetic analyses of the crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwang Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy , University of Minnesota , 308 Harvard Street S.E ., Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Manish Kumar Mishra
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy , University of Minnesota , 308 Harvard Street S.E ., Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy , University of Minnesota , 308 Harvard Street S.E ., Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy , University of Minnesota , 308 Harvard Street S.E ., Minneapolis , Minnesota 55455 , United States
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25
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Optimization of preparation method by W/O/W emulsion for entrapping metformin hydrochloride into poly (lactic acid) microparticles using Box-Behnken design. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2019.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Wairkar S, Gaud R. Development and Characterization of Microstructured, Spray-Dried Co-Amorphous Mixture of Antidiabetic Agents Stabilized by Silicate. AAPS PharmSciTech 2019; 20:141. [PMID: 30868308 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-019-1352-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
In the present work, co-amorphous mixture (COAM) of poorly soluble nateglinide (NT) and highly soluble Metformin hydrochloride (MT) was prepared by spray drying method to improve the dissolution rate of NT and the processability of COAM. Binary spray-dried COAM of NT and MT (120 mg: 500 mg) was prepared in its clinical dose ratio whereas 20% Neusilin®US2 (NS) was added to prepare non-sticky, free flowing ternary COAM. Solubility studies of binary and ternary COAM exhibited sevenfold and tenfold rise in the solubility of NT. Complete amorphization of NT was revealed in XRPD and DSC studies of both COAM and hydrogen-bonding interactions were reflected in FTIR-spectra. SEM microphotographs illustrated round-shaped microparticles in ternary COAM against the irregular particles in binary COAM. In vitro dissolution of NT was significantly improved in ternary COAM > binary COAM > NT irrespective of dissolution medium. On contrary, MT has partially transformed to the amorphous form in COAM without altering the solubility. In accelerated stability studies, NT and MT devitrification was not observed in XRPD of ternary COAM in contrast to binary COAM. Therefore, enhanced dissolution of NT, stabilization of spray-dried dispersion, and its improved processability can be achieved by preparing ternary COAM of NT:MT:NS.
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Simons FJ, Wagner KG. Modeling, design and manufacture of innovative floating gastroretentive drug delivery systems based on hot-melt extruded tubes. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2019; 137:196-208. [PMID: 30826475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 02/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The problem of many gastroretentive systems is the mechanistic connection of drug release and gastric retention control. This connection could be successfully separated by formulating hollow tubes via hot-melt extrusion and sealing both tube ends, which led to immediately floating devices. The tube wall consisted of metformin crystals embedded in an inert polymer matrix of Eudragit® RS PO and E PO. Very high drug loadings of up to 80% (w/w) were used without generating a 'burst release'. Sustained release profiles from four to more than twelve hours were achieved by varying the polymer proportions without affecting the floatability. Buoyancy was found to mainly depend on the cylinder design, i.e. the outer to inner diameter ratio. This allowed the polymer/metformin composition to be changed without affecting buoyancy, i.e. a separation of floatability and release control was achieved. A prediction model was implemented that allowed for the buoyancy force to be determined with high accuracy by selecting a suitable ratio of outer to inner diameter of the modular tube die. Wall thickness and mass normalized surface area were identified as geometric parameters that mainly influenced the release properties. Conclusively, this study offers a highly flexible and rational manufacturing approach for the development of gastroretentive floating drug delivery systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian J Simons
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Karl G Wagner
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany.
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Gatarić B, Parojčić J. Application of data mining approach to identify drug subclasses based on solubility and permeability. Biopharm Drug Dispos 2019; 40:51-61. [PMID: 30635908 DOI: 10.1002/bdd.2170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Revised: 12/18/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Solubility and permeability are recognized as key parameters governing drug intestinal absorption and represent the basis for biopharmaceutics drug classification. The Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BCS) is widely accepted and adopted by regulatory agencies. However, currently established low/high permeability and solubility boundaries are the subject of the ongoing scientific discussion. The aim of the present study was to apply data mining analysis on the selected drugs data set in order to develop a human permeability predictive model based on selected molecular descriptors, and to perform data clustering and classification to identify drug subclasses with respect to dose/solubility ratio (D/S) and effective permeability (Peff ). The Peff values predicted for 30 model drugs for which experimental human permeability data are not available were in good agreement with the reported fraction of drug absorbed. The results of clustering and classification analysis indicate the predominant influence of Peff over D/S. Two Peff cut-off values (1 × 10-4 and 2.7 × 10-4 cm/s) have been identified indicating the existence of an intermediate group of drugs with moderate permeability. Advanced computational analysis employed in the present study enabled the recognition of complex relationships and patterns within physicochemical and biopharmaceutical properties associated with drug bioperformance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biljana Gatarić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Banja Luka - Faculty of Medicine, Save Mrkalja 14, 78000, Banja Luka, Bosnia and Hercegovina
| | - Jelena Parojčić
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Cosmetology, University of Belgrade - Faculty of Pharmacy, Vojvode Stepe 450, 11221, Belgrade, Serbia
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Quantitative investigation of particle formation of a model pharmaceutical formulation using single droplet evaporation experiments and X-ray tomography. ADV POWDER TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apt.2018.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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30
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Guo Y, Wang C, Dun J, Du L, Hawley M, Sun CC. Mechanism for the Reduced Dissolution of Ritonavir Tablets by Sodium Lauryl Sulfate. J Pharm Sci 2018; 108:516-524. [PMID: 30389564 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2018.10.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS) is an anionic surfactant widely used in pharmaceutical research as a dissolution enhancer for poorly soluble drugs. When SLS was used in ritonavir (RTV) tablet formulation to improve wetting, dissolution of RTV was surprisingly deteriorated in acidic media. To understand this unexpected phenomenon, a systematic investigation, including solubility determination, intrinsic dissolution rate measurement, dissolution in an artificial stomach and duodenum apparatus, and solid-state characterization, revealed the formation of a poorly soluble salt, [RTV2+][LS-]2, in an acidic environment. Solubilization of the poorly soluble RTV salt was observed when the concentration of SLS exceeded the critical micelle concentration. Thus, precipitation of [RTV2+][LS-]2 at a low pH and in presence of a low SLS concentration can lead to deteriorated bioavailability. This unintended negative effect on dissolution should be carefully considered when using SLS in a tablet formulation of a basic drug that can be ionized in gastric fluid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwang Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, S.E. Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Chenguang Wang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, S.E. Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Jiangnan Dun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, S.E. Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
| | - Liying Du
- Material & Analytical Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877
| | - Michael Hawley
- Material & Analytical Sciences, Boehringer Ingelheim, Ridgefield, Connecticut 06877
| | - Changquan Calvin Sun
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, S.E. Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455.
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Erdemir D, Rosenbaum T, Chang SY, Wong B, Kientzler D, Wang S, Desai D, Kiang S. Novel Co-processing Methodology To Enable Direct Compression of a Poorly Compressible, Highly Water-Soluble Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient for Controlled Release. Org Process Res Dev 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.8b00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deniz Erdemir
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Tamar Rosenbaum
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Shih-Ying Chang
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Benjamin Wong
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Donald Kientzler
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Steve Wang
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Divyakant Desai
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - San Kiang
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol Myers Squibb, 1 Squibb Drive, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
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Baxevanis F, Kuiper J, Fotaki N. Strategic drug analysis in fed-state gastric biorelevant media based on drug physicochemical properties. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2018; 127:326-341. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2018.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Huang Z, Parikh S, Fish WP. Interactions between a poorly soluble cationic drug and sodium dodecyl sulfate in dissolution medium and their impact on in vitro dissolution behavior. Int J Pharm 2018; 535:350-359. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Badragheh S, Zeeb M, Talei Bavil Olyai MR. Silica-coated magnetic iron oxide functionalized with hydrophobic polymeric ionic liquid: a promising nanoscale sorbent for simultaneous extraction of antidiabetic drugs from human plasma prior to their quantitation by HPLC. RSC Adv 2018; 8:30550-30561. [PMID: 35546818 PMCID: PMC9085437 DOI: 10.1039/c8ra02109k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Herein, silica-coated iron oxide nanoparticles modified with imidazolium-based polymeric ionic liquid (Fe3O4@SiO2@PIL) were fabricated as a sustainable sorbent for magnetic solid-phase extraction (MSPE) and simultaneous determination of trace antidiabetic drugs in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV). The Fe3O4 core was functionalized by silica (SiO2) and vinyl layers where the ionic liquid 1-vinyl-3-octylimidazolium bromide (VOIM-Br) was attached through a free radical copolymerization process. In order to achieve hydrophobic magnetic nanoparticles and increase the merits of the sorbent, Br− anions were synthetically replaced with PF6−. The properties and morphology of the sorbent were characterized by various techniques and all the results illustrated the prosperous synthesis of Fe3O4@SiO2@PIL. A comprehensive study was carried out to investigate and optimize various parameters affecting the extraction efficiency. The limit of detection (LOD, S/N = 3) for empagliflozin, metformin and canagliflozin was 1.3, 6.0 and 0.8 ng mL−1, respectively. Linearity (0.997 ≥ r2 ≥ 0.993) and linear concentration ranges of 5.0–1200.0, 20.0–1800.0 and 5.0–1000.0 ng mL−1 were obtained for empagliflozin, metformin and canagliflozin, respectively. Intra-assay (3.8–7.5%, n = 9) and inter-assay (3.2–8.5%, n = 12) precisions as well as accuracies (≤9.1%) displayed good efficiency of the method. Finally, the method was applied for the quantitation of antidiabetic drugs in human plasma after oral administration and main pharmacokinetic data including Tmax (h), Cmax (ng mL−1), AUC0–24 (ng h mL−1), AUC0–∞ (ng h mL−1), and T1/2 (h) were evaluated. A sustainable nanoscale core–shell modified with hydrophobic polymeric ionic liquid was fabricated for simultaneous extraction and determination of antidiabetic drugs.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahar Badragheh
- Department of Chemistry
- Karaj Branch
- Islamic Azad University
- Karaj
- Iran
| | - Mohsen Zeeb
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Faculty of Science
- Islamic Azad University
- South Tehran Branch
- Tehran
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Sakeer K, Ispas-Szabo P, Benyerbah N, Mateescu MA. Ampholytic starch excipients for high loaded drug formulations: Mechanistic insights. Int J Pharm 2017; 535:201-216. [PMID: 29128422 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ampholytic starch derivatives are proposed as a new class of excipients carrying simultaneously anionic carboxymethyl (CM) and cationic aminoethyl (AE) groups on starch (St) polymeric chains. Three different types of derivatives were obtained by using the same reagents and varying only the order of their addition in the reaction medium: in one step method (OS) the two reactants were added simultaneously, whereas in two steps method (TS) either CMSt or AESt were prepared separately in the first step, followed by subsequent addition of the second reactant. It was found that all ampholytic derivatives were able to generate monolithic tablets by direct compression and allowed 60% loading of acidic (Acetylsalicylic acid), basic (Metformin), zwitterion (Mesalamine) or neutral (Acetaminophen) as drug models. The in vitro dissolution tests followed for 2 h in SGF and then in SIF, showed that the mentioned starch derivatives were stabilized by self-assembling and generated matrices able to control the release of drugs for about 24 h. The addition order of reagents has an impact on ampholytic starch properties offering thus a high versatility of this new class of starch excipients that can be tailored for challenging formulations with high dosages of several drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Sakeer
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaqam Center, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Branch A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Pompilia Ispas-Szabo
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaqam Center, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Branch A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Nassim Benyerbah
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaqam Center, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Branch A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada
| | - Mircea Alexandru Mateescu
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmaqam Center, Université du Québec à Montréal, C.P. 8888, Branch A, Montréal, Québec H3C 3P8, Canada.
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Sakeer K, Ispas-Szabo P, Mateescu MA. Self-Stabilizing Ampholytic Starch Excipients for Sustained Release of Highly Soluble Drugs: the Case Study of Metformin. AAPS PharmSciTech 2017; 18:2658-2672. [PMID: 28271374 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-017-0723-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A new class of starch derivatives carrying cationic and anionic functional groups was developed aiming to provide an alternative for the formulation of highly soluble drugs. The new ampholytic starch derivatives were synthesized in two steps; first the CarboxyMethyl (CM) groups were grafted on starch chains followed by introduction of AminoEthyl (AE) groups. The final product, CarboxyMethyl-AminoEthyl-Starch (CM-AE-St), could be obtained in different degrees of substitution by varying the number of CM and AE groups. It was hypothesized that the simultaneous presence of anionic and cationic groups will generate a stronger self-stabilization of starch matrices and an improved control of drug release. Metformin (biopharmaceutical classification system-BCS, class I) was selected as model drug and monolithic tablets with 50 and 60% loading were prepared by direct compression of the active molecule with various CM-AE-St derivatives. The in vitro drug dissolution tests have shown that higher degrees of substitution for both CM and AE groups favor the ability of ampholytic CM-AE-St to control the drug release in simulated gastric fluid and in simulated intestinal fluid. Tablets based on CM-AE-St derivatives were compared to the commercial Glumetza® (50% loading). The drug release was controlled for 12 h exhibiting a similar Higuchi's model dissolution profile for the two dosage forms. Structural studies (FT-IR, 1H NMR, SEM, TG, X-ray diffraction) run on CM-AE-St derivatives put in evidence derivatization and self-stabilization phenomena. These new ampholytic starch derivatives offer a simple and convenient alternative to formulate and manufacture highly soluble drugs in a single step process.
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Maestrelli F, Mura P, González-Rodríguez ML, Cózar-Bernal MJ, Rabasco AM, Di Cesare Mannelli L, Ghelardini C. Calcium alginate microspheres containing metformin hydrochloride niosomes and chitosomes aimed for oral therapy of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Int J Pharm 2017; 530:430-439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.07.083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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38
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Razavi M, Karimian H, Yeong CH, Fadaeinasab M, Khaing SL, Chung LY, Mohamad Haron DEB, Noordin MI. Gastroretentive behavior of orally administered radiolabeled tamarind seed formulations in rabbits validated by gamma scintigraphy. Drug Des Devel Ther 2016; 11:1-15. [PMID: 28031701 PMCID: PMC5182038 DOI: 10.2147/dddt.s115466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to formulate floating gastroretentive tablets containing metformin hydrochloric acid (HCl), using various grades of hydrogel such as tamarind powders and xanthan to overcome short gastric residence time of the conventional dosage forms. Different concentrations of the hydrogels were tested to determine the formulation that could provide a sustained release of 12 h. Eleven formulations with different ratios of tamarind seed powder/tamarind kernel powder (TKP):xanthan were prepared. The physical parameters were observed, and in vitro drug-release studies of the prepared formulations were carried out. Optimal formulation was assessed for physicochemical properties, thermal stability, and chemical interaction followed by in vivo gamma scintigraphy study. MKP3 formulation with a TKP:xanthan ratio of 3:2 was found to have 99.87% release over 12 h. Furthermore, in vivo gamma scintigraphy study was carried out for the optimized formulation in healthy New Zealand White rabbits, and the pharmacokinetic parameters of developed formulations were obtained. 153Sm2O3 was used to trace the profile of release in the gastrointestinal tract of the rabbits, and the drug release was analyzed. The time (Tmax) at which the maximum concentration of metformin HCl in the blood (Cmax) was observed, and it was extended four times for the gastroretentive formulation in comparison with the formulation without polymers. Cmax and the half-life were found to be within an acceptable range. It is therefore concluded that MKP3 is the optimal formulation for sustained release of metformin HCl over a period of 12 h as a result of its floating properties in the gastric region.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Chai Hong Yeong
- University Malaya Research Imaging Centre and Department of Biomedical Imaging, Faculty of Medicine
| | | | | | | | - Didi Erwandi B Mohamad Haron
- Shimadzu-UMMC Centre for Xenobiotics Studies, Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya
| | - Mohamed Ibrahim Noordin
- Department of Pharmacy
- Malaysian Institute of Pharmaceuticals and Nutraceuticals (IPharm), National Institutes of Biotechnology Malaysia, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation, Penang, Malayasia
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39
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Briones RM, Sarmah AK, Padhye LP. A global perspective on the use, occurrence, fate and effects of anti-diabetic drug metformin in natural and engineered ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 219:1007-1020. [PMID: 27473659 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2016] [Revised: 07/11/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Metformin is the most commonly used anti-diabetic drug in the world. When consumed, this unmetabolised pharmaceutical compound is excreted by the body and eventually enters the environment through a variety of pathways. Based on its high consumption and excretion rates, high concentrations of metformin have been detected in influents of wastewater treatment plants. Metformin and its transformation product, guanylurea, are also expected to be present in other aquatic environments based on their physico-chemical properties. Not surprisingly, guanylurea has also been detected in surface water, groundwater, and drinking water. Available information on ecotoxicological effects of metformin suggests that metformin is a potential endocrine disruptor and thus further emphasising the threat this drug could pose to our environment. This review provides a comprehensive overview of metformin and critically discusses available literature data with respect to its global use/demand, occurrence, fate and ecotoxicity in treatment facilities equipped with conventional and advanced treatment technologies, and its degradation/removal mechanisms. Final section highlights the existing knowledge gaps regarding its ultimate fate under the natural and engineered ecosystems and identifies some important research areas requiring urgent attention from regulatory makers and scientific community.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowena M Briones
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
| | - Ajit K Sarmah
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Lokesh P Padhye
- Department of Civil & Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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A comparative study between melt granulation/compression and hot melt extrusion/injection molding for the manufacturing of oral sustained release thermoplastic polyurethane matrices. Int J Pharm 2016; 513:602-611. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.09.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 09/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Wairkar S, Gaud R. Co-Amorphous Combination of Nateglinide-Metformin Hydrochloride for Dissolution Enhancement. AAPS PharmSciTech 2016; 17:673-81. [PMID: 26314243 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-015-0371-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present work was to prepare a co-amorphous mixture (COAM) of Nateglinide and Metformin hydrochloride to enhance the dissolution rate of poorly soluble Nateglinide. Nateglinide (120 mg) and Metformin hydrochloride (500 mg) COAM, as a dose ratio, were prepared by ball-milling technique. COAMs were characterized for saturation solubility, amorphism and physicochemical interactions (X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)), SEM, in vitro dissolution, and stability studies. Solubility studies revealed a sevenfold rise in solubility of Nateglinide from 0.061 to 0.423 mg/ml in dose ratio of COAM. Solid-state characterization of COAM suggested amorphization of Nateglinide after 6 h of ball milling. XRPD and DSC studies confirmed amorphism in Nateglinide, whereas FTIR elucidated hydrogen interactions (proton exchange between Nateglinide and Metformin hydrochloride). Interestingly, due to low energy of fusion, Nateglinide was completely amorphized and stabilized by Metformin hydrochloride. Consequently, in vitro drug release showed significant increase in dissolution of Nateglinide in COAM, irrespective of dissolution medium. However, little change was observed in the solubility and dissolution profile of Metformin hydrochloride, revealing small change in its crystallinity. Stability data indicated no traces of devitrification in XRPD of stability sample of COAM, and % drug release remained unaffected at accelerated storage conditions. Amorphism of Nateglinide, proton exchange with Metformin hydrochloride, and stabilization of its amorphous form have been noted in ball-milled COAM of Nateglinide-Metformin hydrochloride, revealing enhanced dissolution of Nateglinide. Thus, COAM of Nateglinide-Metformin hydrochloride system is a promising approach for combination therapy in diabetic patients.
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Yang B, Xu L, Wang Q, Li S. Modulation of the wettability of excipients by surfactant and its impacts on the disintegration and release of tablets. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2016; 42:1945-1955. [DOI: 10.1080/03639045.2016.1185436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Baixue Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Lu Xu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Qiuxiao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Sanming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
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Joshi AS, Gahane A, Thakur AK. Deciphering the mechanism and structural features of polysorbate 80 during adsorption on PLGA nanoparticles by attenuated total reflectance – Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra07699h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Structural changes and adsorption mechanism of polysorbate 80 on PLGA nanoparticles by using novel extraction strategy and ATR-FTIR technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhayraj S. Joshi
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- IIT Kanpur
- Kanpur
- India – 208016
| | - Avinash Gahane
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- IIT Kanpur
- Kanpur
- India – 208016
| | - Ashwani Kumar Thakur
- Department of Biological Sciences and Bioengineering
- Indian Institute of Technology
- IIT Kanpur
- Kanpur
- India – 208016
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Cetin M, Sahin S. Microparticulate and nanoparticulate drug delivery systems for metformin hydrochloride. Drug Deliv 2015; 23:2796-2805. [PMID: 26394019 DOI: 10.3109/10717544.2015.1089957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Metformin hydrochloride is a biguanide derivative widely used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes, prescribed nearly to 120 million people worldwide. Metformin has a relatively low oral bioavailability (about 50-60%). Although the major effect of metformin is to decrease hepatic glucose output as an antihyperglycemic agent, its inhibitory effects on the proliferation of some cancer cells (e.g. prostate, breast, glioma cells) have been demonstrated in the cell culture studies. Development of novel formulation (e.g. microparticles, nanoparticles) strategies for metformin might be useful to improve its bioavailability, to reduce the dosing frequency, to decrease gastrointestinal side effects and toxicity and to be helpful for effective use of metformin in cancer treatment. OBJECTIVE The main aim of this review is to summarize metformin HCl-loaded micro- and nanoparticulate drug delivery systems. METHOD The literature was rewieved with regard to the physicochemical, pharmacological properties of metformin, and also its mechanism of action in type 2 diabetes and cancer. In addition, micro- and nanoparticulate drug delivery systems developed for metformin were gathered from the literature and the results were discussed. CONCLUSION Metformin is an oral antihyperglycemic agent and also has potential antitumorigenic effects. The repeated applications of high doses of metformin (as immediate release formulations) are needed for an effective treatment due to its low oral bioavailability and short biological half-life. Drug delivery systems are very useful systems to overcome the difficulties associated with conventional dosage forms of metformin and also for its effective use in cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meltem Cetin
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Ataturk University , Erzurum , Turkey and
| | - Selma Sahin
- b Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy , Hacettepe University , Ankara , Turkey
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Desai D, Wong B, Huang Y, Ye Q, Guo H, Huang M, Timmins P. Wetting effects versus ion pairs diffusivity: interactions of anionic surfactants with highly soluble cationic drugs and its impact on tablet dissolution. J Pharm Sci 2015; 104:2255-65. [PMID: 26017286 DOI: 10.1002/jps.24478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A study was conducted to develop a mechanistic understanding of dissolution of a highly soluble cationic drug, metformin hydrochloride, under the influence of anionic surfactants, sodium alkyl sulfates. The surfactants did not influence the saturated solubility of the drug, but reduced the surface tension of the dissolution media as the alkyl chain length increased. Their influence on tablet wetting based on the contact angles did not show any trend. The dissolution of 850 mg metformin hydrochloride tablets in 0.1 N HCl and pH 4.5 acetate buffer with 0.01% (w/v) sodium n-octyl sulfate (C8), sodium n-decyl sulfate (C10), or sodium n-tetradecyl sulfate (C14) was similar to the control, but was enhanced by sodium lauryl sulfate (C12). At 0.1% (w/v) concentration, the dissolution was not enhanced by C12 because the reduction in surface tension was counterbalanced by an increase in hydrophobic ion pairs that showed slower diffusivity by nuclear magnetic resonance. At 0.1% (w/v), metformin also formed an insoluble salt (1:2 molar ratios) with C10 (pH 1.2), C12, and C14 (pH 1.2 and 4.5) but not with C8. Three competing factors influenced the drug dissolution by surfactants: reduction in surface tension of the dissolution media, ion pairs with low diffusivity, and formation of an insoluble salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyakant Desai
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191
| | - Benjamin Wong
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191
| | - Yande Huang
- Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191
| | - Qingmei Ye
- Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191
| | - Hang Guo
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191.,CDER, FDA, Silver Spring, Maryland
| | - Ming Huang
- Analytical and Bioanalytical Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb Company, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08903-0191
| | - Peter Timmins
- Drug Product Science and Technology, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Moreton, Merseyside, CH46 1QW, United Kingdom
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Desai D, Wong B, Huang Y, Tang D, Hemenway J, Paruchuri S, Guo H, Hsieh D, Timmins P. Influence of dissolution media pH and USP1 basket speed on erosion and disintegration characteristics of immediate release metformin hydrochloride tablets. Pharm Dev Technol 2014; 20:540-5. [PMID: 24621340 DOI: 10.3109/10837450.2014.892132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the influence of the pH of the dissolution medium on immediate release 850 mg metformin hydrochloride tablets. METHODS A traditional wet granulation method was used to manufacture metformin hydrochloride tablets with or without a disintegrant. Tablet dissolution was conducted using the USP apparatus I at 100 rpm. RESULTS In spite of its pH-independent high solubility, metformin hydrochloride tablets dissolved significantly slower in 0.1 N HCl (pH 1.2) and 50 mM pH 4.5 acetate buffer compared with 50 mM pH 6.8 phosphate buffer, the dissolution medium in the USP. Metformin hydrochloride API compressed into a round 1200 mg disk showed a similar trend. When basket rotation speed was increased from 100 to 250 rpm, the dissolution of metformin hydrochloride tablets was similar in all three media. Incorporation of 2% w/w crospovidone in the tablet formulation improved the dissolution although the pH-dependent trend was still evident, but incorporation of 2% w/w croscarmellose sodium resulted in rapid pH-independent tablet dissolution. CONCLUSION In absence of a disintegrant in the tablet formulation, the dissolution was governed by the erosion-diffusion process. Even for a highly soluble drug, a super-disintegrant was needed in the formulation to overcome the diffusion layer limitation and change the dissolution mechanism from erosion-diffusion to disintegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divyakant Desai
- Drug Product Science and Technology , New Brunswick, NJ , USA
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