1
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Del Bianco L, Spizzo F, Lanaro F, Coïsson M, Agostinacchio F, Greco G, Pugno NM, Motta A. Silk Fibroin Film Decorated with Ultralow FeCo Content by Sputtering Deposition Results in a Flexible and Robust Biomaterial for Magnetic Actuation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:51364-51375. [PMID: 39259945 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c12853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
Magnetically responsive soft biomaterials are at the forefront of bioengineering and biorobotics. We have created a magnetic hybrid material by coupling silk fibroin─i.e., a natural biopolymer with an optimal combination of biocompatibility and mechanical robustness─with the FeCo alloy, the ferromagnetic material with the highest saturation magnetization. The material is in the form of a 6 μm-thick silk fibroin film, coated with a FeCo layer (nominal thickness: 10 nm) grown by magnetron sputtering deposition. The sputtering deposition technique is versatile and eco-friendly and proves effective for growing the magnetic layer on the biopolymer substrate, also allowing one to select the area to be decorated. The hybrid material is biocompatible, lightweight, flexible, robust, and water-resistant. Electrical, structural, mechanical, and magnetic characterization of the material, both as-prepared and after being soaked in water, have provided information on the adhesion between the silk fibroin substrate and the FeCo layer and on the state of internal mechanical stresses. The hybrid film exhibits a high magnetic bending response under a magnetic field gradient, thanks to an ultralow fraction of the FeCo component (less than 0.1 vol %, i.e., well below 1 wt %). This reduces the risk of adverse health effects and makes the material suitable for bioactuation applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Del Bianco
- Department of Physics and Earth Science, University of Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Federico Spizzo
- Department of Physics and Earth Science, University of Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
- Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Ferrara Division, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Filippo Lanaro
- Department of Physics and Earth Science, University of Ferrara, I-44122 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marco Coïsson
- INRIM, Advanced Materials and Life Sciences Division, Str. delle Cacce, 91, I-10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Agostinacchio
- BIOtech Research Center, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, I-38123, Trento, Italy
| | - Gabriele Greco
- Laboratory for Bioinspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta, Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, I-38123 Trento, Italy
- Department of Animal Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicola M Pugno
- Laboratory for Bioinspired, Bionic, Nano, Meta, Materials & Mechanics, Department of Civil, Environmental and Mechanical Engineering, University of Trento, I-38123 Trento, Italy
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Antonella Motta
- BIOtech Research Center, Department of Industrial Engineering, University of Trento, I-38123, Trento, Italy
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2
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Gutierrez-Contreras R, Fernandez-Gutierrez M, Olalla-Perez P, De La Hoz A, Marcos S. Comparative Analysis of Silk Fibroin Membranes across Cross-Linking Methods: Processing and Characterization. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:38452-38461. [PMID: 39310141 PMCID: PMC11411691 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c02204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 07/29/2024] [Accepted: 07/31/2024] [Indexed: 09/25/2024]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) extracted from silkworm silk can be transformed into transparent membranes with well-suited physical properties for ophthalmic applications. There is ample literature on the fabrication and characterization of SF-based membranes; however, the use of diverse SF extraction protocols and characterization methods or their settings makes it difficult to compare different silk membrane properties across studies. In this work, we fabricated 10 families of SF-based membranes by physical cross-linking and one non-cross-linked as a control. We evaluated transparency (ranging from 84.5 to 95.3% in the visible spectrum), enzyme stability (from 24 h to 200 days in protease XIV), decomposition temperature (280-290 °C), water uptake (40-60%), Young's modulus (8-30 MPa), roughness (1.6-22.7 nm), and FTIR spectra for the secondary structure. We found correlation between water uptake and the Young's modulus (the lower the water uptake, the higher the Young's modulus) and a relationship between membrane stability in protease XIV and the secondary structure of the proteins. Higher surface roughness and faster degradation were found in membranes cross-linked with polyethylene glycol, and conversely, lower roughness and lower degradation were found in methanol, ethanol, or isopropanol crossed-link membranes. This ample compilation of materials and their characterization will aid in the selection of a SF-based material according to the needs of the application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocio Gutierrez-Contreras
- Instituto
de Óptica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (IO-CSIC), Madrid 28006, Spain
- Universidad
Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid 28040, Spain
| | - Mar Fernandez-Gutierrez
- Instituto
de Óptica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (IO-CSIC), Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Paula Olalla-Perez
- Instituto
de Óptica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (IO-CSIC), Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Andres De La Hoz
- Instituto
de Óptica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (IO-CSIC), Madrid 28006, Spain
| | - Susana Marcos
- Instituto
de Óptica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones
Científicas (IO-CSIC), Madrid 28006, Spain
- Center
for Visual Science, Flaum Eye Institute, Institute of Optics, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York 14642, United States
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3
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Schmuck B, Greco G, Pessatti TB, Sonavane S, Langwallner V, Arndt T, Rising A. Strategies for Making High-Performance Artificial Spider Silk Fibers. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2024; 34:2305040. [PMID: 39355086 PMCID: PMC11440630 DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202305040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2024]
Abstract
Artificial spider silk is an attractive material for many technical applications since it is a biobased fiber that can be produced under ambient conditions but still outcompetes synthetic fibers (e.g., Kevlar) in terms of toughness. Industrial use of this material requires bulk-scale production of recombinant spider silk proteins in heterologous host and replication of the pristine fiber's mechanical properties. High molecular weight spider silk proteins can be spun into fibers with impressive mechanical properties, but the production levels are too low to allow commercialization of the material. Small spider silk proteins, on the other hand, can be produced at yields that are compatible with industrial use, but the mechanical properties of such fibers need to be improved. Here, the literature on wet-spinning of artificial spider silk fibers is summarized and analyzed with a focus on mechanical performance. Furthermore, several strategies for how to improve the properties of such fibers, including optimized protein composition, smarter spinning setups, innovative protein engineering, chemical and physical crosslinking as well as the incorporation of nanomaterials in composite fibers, are outlined and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Schmuck
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and BiochemistrySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 7011Uppsala75007Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska Institutet, NeoHuddinge14186Sweden
| | - Gabriele Greco
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and BiochemistrySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 7011Uppsala75007Sweden
| | - Tomas Bohn Pessatti
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and BiochemistrySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 7011Uppsala75007Sweden
| | - Sumalata Sonavane
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and BiochemistrySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 7011Uppsala75007Sweden
| | - Viktoria Langwallner
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and BiochemistrySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 7011Uppsala75007Sweden
| | - Tina Arndt
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska Institutet, NeoHuddinge14186Sweden
| | - Anna Rising
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology, and BiochemistrySwedish University of Agricultural SciencesBox 7011Uppsala75007Sweden
- Department of Biosciences and NutritionKarolinska Institutet, NeoHuddinge14186Sweden
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4
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Eliaz D, Kellersztein I, Miali ME, Benyamin D, Brookstein O, Daraio C, Wagner HD, Raviv U, Shimanovich U. Fine Structural Analysis of Degummed Fibroin Fibers Reveals Its Superior Mechanical Capabilities. CHEMSUSCHEM 2024:e202401148. [PMID: 39023515 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202401148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Bombyx mori silk fibroin fibers constitute a class of protein building blocks capable of functionalization and reprocessing into various material formats. The properties of these fibers are typically affected by the intense thermal treatments needed to remove the sericin gum coating layer. Additionally, their mechanical characteristics are often misinterpreted by assuming the asymmetrical cross-sectional area (CSA) as a perfect circle. The thermal treatments impact not only the mechanics of the degummed fibroin fibers, but also the structural configuration of the resolubilized protein, thereby limiting the performance of the resulting silk-based materials. To mitigate these limitations, we explored varying alkali conditions at low temperatures for surface treatment, effectively removing the sericin gum layer while preserving the molecular structure of the fibroin protein, thus, maintaining the hierarchical integrity of the exposed fibroin microfiber core. The precise determination of the initial CSA of the asymmetrical silk fibers led to a comprehensive analysis of their mechanical properties. Our findings indicate that the alkali surface treatment raised the Young's modulus and tensile strength, by increasing the extent of the fibers' crystallinity, by approximately 40 % and 50 %, respectively, without compromising their strain. Furthermore, we have shown that this treatment facilitated further production of high-purity soluble silk protein with rheological and self-assembly characteristics comparable to those of native silk feedstock, initially stored in the animal's silk gland. The developed approaches benefits both the development of silk-based materials with tailored properties and the proper mechanical characterization of asymmetrical fibrous biological materials made of natural building blocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Eliaz
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
- Present address: SilkIt Ltd., Ness Ziona, 7403626, Israel
| | - I Kellersztein
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - M E Miali
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - D Benyamin
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
- Present address: Department of Physics of Complex Systems, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - O Brookstein
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - C Daraio
- Division of Engineering and Applied Science, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California, 91125, USA
| | - H D Wagner
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
| | - U Raviv
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Edmond J. Safra Campus, Givat Ram, 9190401, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - U Shimanovich
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, 7610001, Rehovot, Israel
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5
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Oguntade E, Wigham C, Owuor L, Aryal U, O'Grady K, Acierto A, Zha RH, Henderson JH. Dry and wet wrinkling of a silk fibroin biopolymer by a shape-memory material with insight into mechanical effects on secondary structures in the silk network. J Mater Chem B 2024; 12:6351-6370. [PMID: 38864220 DOI: 10.1039/d4tb00112e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Surface wrinkling provides an approach to modify the surfaces of biomedical devices to better mimic features of the extracellular matrix and guide cell attachment, proliferation, and differentiation. Biopolymer wrinkling on active materials holds promise but is poorly explored. Here we report a mechanically actuated assembly process to generate uniaxial micro-and nanosized silk fibroin (SF) wrinkles on a thermo-responsive shape-memory polymer (SMP) substrate, with wrinkling demonstrated under both dry and hydrated (cell compatible) conditions. By systematically investigating the influence of SMP programmed strain magnitude, film thickness, and aqueous media on wrinkle stability and morphology, we reveal how to control the wrinkle sizes on the micron and sub-micron length scale. Furthermore, as a parameter fundamental to SMPs, we demonstrate that the temperature during the recovery process can also affect the wrinkle characteristics and the secondary structures in the silk network. We find that with increasing SMP programmed strain magnitude, silk wrinkled topographies with increasing wavelengths and amplitudes are achieved. Furthermore, silk wrinkling is found to increase β-sheet content, with spectroscopic analysis suggesting that the effect may be due primarily to tensile (e.g., Poisson effect and high-curvature wrinkle) loading modes in the SF, despite the compressive bulk deformation (uniaxial contraction) used to produce wrinkles. Silk wrinkles fabricated from sufficiently thick films (roughly 250 nm) persist after 24 h in cell culture medium. Using a fibroblast cell line, analysis of cellular response to the wrinkled topographies reveals high viability and attachment. These findings demonstrate use of wrinkled SF films under physiologically relevant conditions and suggest the potential for biopolymer wrinkles on biomaterials surfaces to find application in cell mechanobiology, wound healing, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth Oguntade
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Caleb Wigham
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - Luiza Owuor
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Ujjwal Aryal
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Kerrin O'Grady
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - Anthony Acierto
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - R Helen Zha
- Center for Biotechnology and Interdisciplinary Studies, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, NY 12180, USA
| | - James H Henderson
- Department of Biomedical & Chemical Engineering, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
- BioInspired Syracuse: Institute for Material and Living Systems, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
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6
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Soltani Khaboushan A, Azimzadeh A, Behboodi Tanourlouee S, Mamdoohi M, Kajbafzadeh AM, Slavin KV, Rahimi-Movaghar V, Hassannejad Z. Electrical stimulation enhances sciatic nerve regeneration using a silk-based conductive scaffold beyond traditional nerve guide conduits. Sci Rep 2024; 14:15196. [PMID: 38956215 PMCID: PMC11219763 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65286-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Despite recent advancements in peripheral nerve regeneration, the creation of nerve conduits with chemical and physical cues to enhance glial cell function and support axonal growth remains challenging. This study aimed to assess the impact of electrical stimulation (ES) using a conductive nerve conduit on sciatic nerve regeneration in a rat model with transection injury. The study involved the fabrication of conductive nerve conduits using silk fibroin and Au nanoparticles (AuNPs). Collagen hydrogel loaded with green fluorescent protein (GFP)-positive adipose-derived mesenchymal stem cells (ADSCs) served as the filling for the conduit. Both conductive and non-conductive conduits were applied with and without ES in rat models. Locomotor recovery was assessed using walking track analysis. Histological evaluations were performed using H&E, luxol fast blue staining and immunohistochemistry. Moreover, TEM analysis was conducted to distinguish various ultrastructural aspects of sciatic tissue. In the ES + conductive conduit group, higher S100 (p < 0.0001) and neurofilament (p < 0.001) expression was seen after 6 weeks. Ultrastructural evaluations showed that conductive scaffolds with ES minimized Wallerian degeneration. Furthermore, the conductive conduit with ES group demonstrated significantly increased myelin sheet thickness and decreased G. ratio compared to the autograft. Immunofluorescent images confirmed the presence of GFP-positive ADSCs by the 6th week. Locomotor recovery assessments revealed improved function in the conductive conduit with ES group compared to the control group and groups without ES. These results show that a Silk/AuNPs conduit filled with ADSC-seeded collagen hydrogel can function as a nerve conduit, aiding in the restoration of substantial gaps in the sciatic nerve with ES. Histological and locomotor evaluations indicated that ES had a greater impact on functional recovery compared to using a conductive conduit alone, although the use of conductive conduits did enhance the effects of ES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Soltani Khaboushan
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 62, Dr. Gharib's Street, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, 1419733151, Iran
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashkan Azimzadeh
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 62, Dr. Gharib's Street, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, 1419733151, Iran
| | - Saman Behboodi Tanourlouee
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 62, Dr. Gharib's Street, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, 1419733151, Iran
| | - Melina Mamdoohi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdol-Mohammad Kajbafzadeh
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 62, Dr. Gharib's Street, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, 1419733151, Iran
| | - Konstantin V Slavin
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Vafa Rahimi-Movaghar
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Sina Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Hassan-Abad Square, Imam Khomeini Ave., Tehran, 11365-3876, Iran.
| | - Zahra Hassannejad
- Pediatric Urology and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Gene, Cell and Tissue Research Institute, Children's Medical Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, No. 62, Dr. Gharib's Street, Keshavarz Boulevard, Tehran, 1419733151, Iran.
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7
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Kim BJ, Bonacchini GE, Ostrovsky-Snider NA, Omenetto FG. Bimodal Gating Mechanism in Hybrid Thin-Film Transistors Based on Dynamically Reconfigurable Nanoscale Biopolymer Interfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2302062. [PMID: 37640508 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202302062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, increased control over naturally derived structural protein formulations and their self-assembly has enabled the application of high-resolution manufacturing techniques to silk-based materials, leading to bioactive interfaces with unprecedented miniaturized formats and functionalities. Here, a hybrid biopolymer-semiconductor device, obtained by integrating nanoscale silk layers in a well-established class of inorganic field-effect transistors (silk-FETs), is presented. The devices offer two distinct modes of operation-either traditional field-effect or electrolyte-gated-enabled by the precisely controlled thickness, morphology, and biochemistry of the integrated silk layers. The different operational modes are selectively accessed by dynamically modulating the free-water content within the nanoscale protein layer from the vapor phase. The utility of these hybrid devices is illustrated in a highly sensitive and ultrafast breath sensor, highlighting the opportunities offered by the integration of nanoscale biomaterial interfaces in conjunction with traditional semiconductor devices, enabling functional outcomes at the intersection between the worlds of microelectronics and biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beom Joon Kim
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
| | | | | | - Fiorenzo G Omenetto
- Silklab, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
- Department of Physics, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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8
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Peng R, Ba F, Li J, Cao J, Zhang R, Liu WQ, Ren J, Liu Y, Li J, Ling S. Embedding Living Cells with a Mechanically Reinforced and Functionally Programmable Hydrogel Fiber Platform. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305583. [PMID: 37498452 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Living materials represent a new frontier in functional material design, integrating synthetic biology tools to endow materials with programmable, dynamic, and life-like characteristics. However, a major challenge in creating living materials is balancing the tradeoff between structural stability, mechanical performance, and functional programmability. To address this challenge, a sheath-core living hydrogel fiber platform that synergistically integrates living bacteria with hydrogel fibers to achieve both functional diversity and structural and mechanical robustness is proposed. In the design, microfluidic spinning is used to produce hydrogel fiber, which offers advantages in both structural and functional designability due to their hierarchical porous architectures that can be tailored and their mechanical performance that can be enhanced through a variety of post-processing approaches. By introducing living bacteria, the platform is endowed with programmable functionality and life-like capabilities. This work reconstructs the genetic circuits of living bacteria to express chromoproteins and fluorescent proteins as two prototypes that enable the coloration of living fibers and sensing water pollutants by monitoring the amount of fluorescent protein expressed. Altogether, this study establishes a structure-property-function optimized living hydrogel fiber platform, providing a new tool for accelerating the practical applications of the emerging living material systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruoxuan Peng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Fang Ba
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jiayi Cao
- College of Fashion and Design, Donghua University, 1882 West Yan'an Road, Shanghai, 200051, China
| | - Rong Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Wan-Qiu Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jing Ren
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Yifan Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jian Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Shengjie Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
- Shanghai Clinical Research and Trial Center, Shanghai, 201210, China
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9
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Mu X, Amouzandeh R, Vogts H, Luallen E, Arzani M. A brief review on the mechanisms and approaches of silk spinning-inspired biofabrication. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1252499. [PMID: 37744248 PMCID: PMC10512026 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1252499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Silk spinning, observed in spiders and insects, exhibits a remarkable biological source of inspiration for advanced polymer fabrications. Because of the systems design, silk spinning represents a holistic and circular approach to sustainable polymer fabrication, characterized by renewable resources, ambient and aqueous processing conditions, and fully recyclable "wastes." Also, silk spinning results in structures that are characterized by the combination of monolithic proteinaceous composition and mechanical strength, as well as demonstrate tunable degradation profiles and minimal immunogenicity, thus making it a viable alternative to most synthetic polymers for the development of advanced biomedical devices. However, the fundamental mechanisms of silk spinning remain incompletely understood, thus impeding the efforts to harness the advantageous properties of silk spinning. Here, we present a concise and timely review of several essential features of silk spinning, including the molecular designs of silk proteins and the solvent cues along the spinning apparatus. The solvent cues, including salt ions, pH, and water content, are suggested to direct the hierarchical assembly of silk proteins and thus play a central role in silk spinning. We also discuss several hypotheses on the roles of solvent cues to provide a relatively comprehensive analysis and to identify the current knowledge gap. We then review the state-of-the-art bioinspired fabrications with silk proteins, including fiber spinning and additive approaches/three-dimensional (3D) printing. An emphasis throughout the article is placed on the universal characteristics of silk spinning developed through millions of years of individual evolution pathways in spiders and silkworms. This review serves as a stepping stone for future research endeavors, facilitating the in vitro recapitulation of silk spinning and advancing the field of bioinspired polymer fabrication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Mu
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
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10
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Välisalmi T, Roas-Escalona N, Meinander K, Mohammadi P, Linder MB. Highly Hydrophobic Films of Engineered Silk Proteins by a Simple Deposition Method. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2023; 39:4370-4381. [PMID: 36926896 PMCID: PMC10061925 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.2c03442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Molecular engineering of protein structures offers a uniquely versatile route for novel functionalities in materials. Here, we describe a method to form highly hydrophobic thin films using genetically engineered spider silk proteins. We used structurally engineered protein variants containing ADF3 and AQ12 spider silk sequences. Wetting properties were studied using static and dynamic contact angle measurements. Solution conditions and the surrounding humidity during film preparation were key parameters to obtain high hydrophobicity, as shown by contact angles in excess of 120°. Although the surface layer was highly hydrophobic, its structure was disrupted by the added water droplets. Crystal-like structures were found at the spots where water droplets had been placed. To understand the mechanism of film formation, different variants of the proteins, the topography of the films, and secondary structures of the protein components were studied. The high contact angle in the films demonstrates that the conformations that silk proteins take in the protein layer very efficiently expose their hydrophobic segments. This work reveals a highly amphiphilic nature of silk proteins and contributes to an understanding of their assembly mechanisms. It will also help in designing diverse technical uses for recombinant silk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teemu Välisalmi
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Centre
of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, Post Office Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Nelmary Roas-Escalona
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Centre
of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, Post Office Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Kristoffer Meinander
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Centre
of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, Post Office Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Pezhman Mohammadi
- VTT
Technical Research Centre of Finland, Limited (VTT), FI-02044 Espoo, Finland
- Centre
of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, Post Office Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
| | - Markus B. Linder
- Department
of Bioproducts and Biosystems, School of Chemical Engineering, Aalto University, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland
- Centre
of Excellence in Life-Inspired Hybrid Materials (LIBER), Aalto University, Post Office Box 16100, 00076 Aalto, Finland
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11
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Li Q, Bai F, Sun J, Zhou X, Yuan W, Lin J, Zhang KQ, Li G, Liu Z. Bubble-blowing-inspired sub-micron thick freestanding silk films for programmable electronics. NANOSCALE 2023; 15:3796-3804. [PMID: 36648031 DOI: 10.1039/d2nr05490f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Thin film electronics that are capable of deforming and interfacing with nonplanar surfaces have attracted widespread interest in wearable motion detection or physiological signal recording due to their light weight, low stiffness, and high conformality. However, it is still a challenge to fabricate freestanding thin film substrates or matrices with only sub-micron thickness in a simple way, especially for those materials with metastable conformations, like regenerated silk protein. Herein, we developed a dip-coating method for the fabrication of sub-micron thick freestanding silk films inspired by blowing soap bubbles. Using a closed-loop frame to dip-coat in a concentrated silk fibroin aqueous solution, the substrate-free silk films with a thickness as low as hundreds of nanometres (∼150 nm) can be easily obtained after solvent evaporation. The silk films have extremely smooth surfaces (Rq < 3 nm) and can be tailored with different geometric shapes. The naturally dried silk films possess random coil dominated uncrystallized secondary structures, exhibiting high modulation ability and adaptability, which can be conformally attached on wrinkled skin or wrapped on human hair. Considering the methodological advantages and the unique properties of the obtained sub-micron thick silk films, several thin film based programmable electronics including transient/durable circuits, skin electrodes, transferred skin light-emitting devices and injectable electronics are successfully demonstrated after being deposited with gold or conducting polymer layers. This research provides a new avenue for preparing freestanding thin polymer films, showing great promise for developing thin film electronics in wearable and biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Fengjiao Bai
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Jing Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Wei Yuan
- Printable Electronics Research Centre, Suzhou Institute of Nano-Tech and Nano-Bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Jin Lin
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China.
| | - Guanglin Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China.
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China.
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12
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Fountain JN, Hawker MJ, Hartle L, Wu J, Montanari V, Sahoo JK, Davis LM, Kaplan DL, Kumar K. Towards Non-stick Silk: Tuning the Hydrophobicity of Silk Fibroin Protein. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200429. [PMID: 35998090 PMCID: PMC9830957 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin protein is a biomaterial with excellent biocompatibility and low immunogenicity. These properties have catapulted the material as a leader for extensive use in stents, catheters, and wound dressings. Modulation of hydrophobicity of silk fibroin protein to further expand the scope and utility however has been elusive. We report that installing perfluorocarbon chains on the surface of silk fibroin transforms this water-soluble protein into a remarkably hydrophobic polymer that can be solvent-cast. A clear relationship emerged between fluorine content of the modified silk and film hydrophobicity. Water contact angles of the most decorated silk fibroin protein exceeded that of Teflon®. We further show that water uptake in prefabricated silk bars is dramatically reduced, extending their lifetimes, and maintaining mechanical integrity. These results highlight the power of chemistry under moderate conditions to install unnatural groups onto the silk fibroin surface and will enable further exploration into applications of this versatile biomaterial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Morgan J. Hawker
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fresno, Fresno, CA 93740
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
| | - Lauren Hartle
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
- Present address: Prime Impact Fund, Cambridge, MA 02139
| | - Junqi Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
| | | | | | - Luke M. Davis
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
| | - Krishna Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155
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13
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Changes in Natural Silk Fibres by Hydration, Tensile Loading and Heating as Studied by 1H NMR: Anisotropy in NMR Relaxation Times. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14173665. [PMID: 36080741 PMCID: PMC9460615 DOI: 10.3390/polym14173665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
B. mori silkworm natural silk is a fibrous biopolymer with a block copolymer design containing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic regions. Using 1H NMR relaxation, this work studied B. mori natural silk fibres oriented at 0° and 90° to the static magnetic field B0 to clarify how measured NMR parameters reflect the structure and anisotropic properties of hydrated silk fibres. The FTIR method was applied to monitor the changes in the silk I and β-sheet conformations. Unloaded B. mori silk fibres at different hydration levels (HL), the silk threads before and after tensile loading in water, and fibres after a stepped increase in temperature have been explored. NMR data discovered two components in T1 and T2 relaxations for both orientations of silk fibres (0° and 90°). For the slower T2 component, the results showed an obvious anisotropic effect with higher relaxation times for the silk fibres oriented at 90° to B0. The T1 component (water protons, HL = 0.11) was sequentially decreased over a range of fibres: 0° oriented, randomly oriented, silk B. mori cocoon, 90° oriented. The degree of anisotropy in T2 relaxation was decreasing with increasing HL. The T2 in silk threads oriented at 0° and 90° also showed anisotropy in increased HL (to 0.42 g H2O/g dry matter), at tensile loading, and at an increasing temperature towards 320 K. The changes in NMR parameters and different relaxation mechanisms affecting water molecular interactions and silk properties have been discussed. The findings provide new insights relating to the water anisotropy in hydrated Bombyx mori silk fibres at tensile loading and under a changing HL and temperature.
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14
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Xu Z, Ma Y, Dai H, Tan S, Han B. Advancements and Applications in the Composites of Silk Fibroin and Graphene-Based Materials. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14153110. [PMID: 35956625 PMCID: PMC9370577 DOI: 10.3390/polym14153110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Silk fibroin and three kinds of graphene-based materials (graphene, graphene oxide, and reduced graphene oxide) have been widely investigated in biomedical fields. Recently, the hybrid composites of silk fibroin and graphene-based materials have attracted much attention owing to their combined advantages, i.e., presenting outstanding biocompatibility, mechanical properties, and excellent electrical conductivity. However, maintaining bio-toxicity and biodegradability at a proper level remains a challenge for other applications. This report describes the first attempt to summarize the hybrid composites’ preparation methods, properties, and applications to the best of our knowledge. We strongly believe that this review will open new doors for coming researchers.
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15
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Patel M, Singh SP, Dubey DK. In‐silico investigations of dynamic mechanical behavior of
Bombyx mori
silk fibroin nanostructure under cyclic deformations and associated molecular mechanisms. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20220207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mrinal Patel
- Mechanical Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
| | - Satinder Paul Singh
- Mechanical Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
| | - Devendra K. Dubey
- Mechanical Engineering Department Indian Institute of Technology Delhi New Delhi India
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16
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Chen Z, Zhang T, Chen CT, Yang S, Lv Z, Cao L, Ren J, Shao Z, Jiang LB, Ling S. Mechanically and electrically biocompatible hydrogel ionotronic fibers for fabricating structurally stable implants and enabling noncontact physioelectrical modulation. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2022; 9:1735-1749. [PMID: 35502878 DOI: 10.1039/d2mh00296e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Narrowing the mechanical and electrical mismatch between tissue and implantable microelectronics is essential for reducing immune responses and modulating physioelectrical signals. Nevertheless, the design of such implantable microelectronics remains a challenge due to the limited availability of suitable materials. Here, the fabrication of an electrically and mechanically biocompatible alginate hydrogel ionotronic fiber (AHIF) is reported, which is constructed by combing ionic chelation-assisted wet-spinning and mechanical training. The synergistic effects of these two processes allow the alginate to form a highly-oriented nanofibril and molecular network, with a hierarchical structure highly similar to that of natural fibers. These favourable structural features endow AHIF with tissue-mimicking mechanical characteristics, such as self-stiffening and soft tissue-like mechanical properties. In addition, tissue-like chemical components, i.e., biomacromolecules, Ca2+ ions, and water, endow AHIF with properties including biocompatibility and tissue-matching conductivity. These advantages bring light to the application of AHIFs in electrically-conductive implantable devices. As a prototype, an AHIF is designed to perform physioelectrical modulation through noncontact electromagnetic induction. Through experimental and machine learning optimizations, physioelectrical-like signals generated by the AHIF are used to identify the geometry and tension state of the implanted device in the body. Such an intelligent AHIF system has promising application prospects in bioelectronics, IntelliSense, and human-machine interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Taiwei Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Chun-Teh Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, 94720 CA, USA
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Zhuochen Lv
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Leitao Cao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Jing Ren
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Zhengzhong Shao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Department of Macromolecular Science, Laboratory of Advanced Materials, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Li-Bo Jiang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, No. 180, Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shengjie Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China.
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17
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Lyu H, Sun Z, Liu Y, Yu X, Guo C. Processing-Structure-Properties Relationships of Glycerol-Plasticized Silk Films. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27041339. [PMID: 35209124 PMCID: PMC8877885 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Silk possesses excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility due to its unique protein sequences and hierarchical structures. Thus, it has been widely used as a biomaterial in a broad spectrum of biomedical applications. In this study, an in-depth investigation of glycerol-plasticized silk films was carried out to understand the processing-structure-properties relationships. A series of glycerol-plasticized silk films with glycerol contents in the range of 0 to 30% (w/w) were prepared. The molecular structures and organizations of silk proteins and the interactions between glycerol and proteins were studied using FTIR, XRD, and DSC. At a low glycerol content (<12%), DSC revealed that the glass transition temperature and thermally induced crystallization temperature decreased as the glycerol content increased, implying that glycerol mainly interacts with silk proteins through hydrogen bonding. As the glycerol content further increased, the chain mobility of the silk proteins was promoted, leading to the formation of β-sheet structures, water insolubility, and increased crystallinity. In addition, the stretchability and toughness of the films were significantly enhanced. The role of glycerol as a plasticizer in regulating the silk protein structures and determining the properties of the films was thoroughly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Lyu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China;
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China;
| | - Ziyang Sun
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China;
| | - Yang Liu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China;
| | - Xin Yu
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China;
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (C.G.)
| | - Chengchen Guo
- School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou 310024, China;
- Correspondence: (X.Y.); (C.G.)
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18
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Roy S, Sharma A, Ghosh S. Macrophage Polarization Profiling on Native and Regenerated Silk Biomaterials. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:659-671. [PMID: 35089695 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.1c01432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the plasticity and polarization of THP-1 cells on native and regenerated silk-based biomaterials to address the basic paradigm of immune response. Here, we report redox kinetics, adhesion morphology, and nitric oxide release patterns to identify specific subtypes of macrophages at different time points. Water-annealed silk film and native fibrous braids from Bombyx mori silkworms showed higher anti-inflammatory cytokine profiles or M2 subtypes (as evidenced by the enhanced expression of interleukin-10, interleukin-13, and interleukin-4). Ethanol-treated Bombyx mori silk films and Antheraea mylitta braids exhibited higher levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines or the M1 subtype (as evidenced by enhanced expression of interleukin-1, interleukin-6, interleukin-8, interferon-γ, TNF-α, and GM-CSF) in contact with healthy THP monocytes for 14 days; such a long study is unprecedented. Cytokine microarray analysis revealed the transition (M0-M1, M1-M2), plasticity, and stable phenotype of THP-1 cells in a variable stage in contact with different physicochemical properties of silk-based biomaterials. The detailed immunogenicity in the context of the physicochemical properties of native and regenerative silk-based biomaterials will enable us to accurately predict the possibility of a pro-/anti-inflammatory response. It will helps to predict the in vivo reprogramming and avoid fibrosis formation to enhance their clinical translational potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhadeep Roy
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Aarushi Sharma
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
| | - Sourabh Ghosh
- Regenerative Engineering Laboratory, Department of Textile and Fiber Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi 110016, India
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19
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Vėbraitė I, Hanein Y. Soft Devices for High-Resolution Neuro-Stimulation: The Interplay Between Low-Rigidity and Resolution. FRONTIERS IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY 2022; 3:675744. [PMID: 35047928 PMCID: PMC8757739 DOI: 10.3389/fmedt.2021.675744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The field of neurostimulation has evolved over the last few decades from a crude, low-resolution approach to a highly sophisticated methodology entailing the use of state-of-the-art technologies. Neurostimulation has been tested for a growing number of neurological applications, demonstrating great promise and attracting growing attention in both academia and industry. Despite tremendous progress, long-term stability of the implants, their large dimensions, their rigidity and the methods of their introduction and anchoring to sensitive neural tissue remain challenging. The purpose of this review is to provide a concise introduction to the field of high-resolution neurostimulation from a technological perspective and to focus on opportunities stemming from developments in materials sciences and engineering to reduce device rigidity while optimizing electrode small dimensions. We discuss how these factors may contribute to smaller, lighter, softer and higher electrode density devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Vėbraitė
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Yael Hanein
- School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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20
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Haskew M, Deacon B, Yong CW, Hardy JG, Murphy ST. Atomistic Simulation of Water Incorporation and Mobility in Bombyx mori Silk Fibroin. ACS OMEGA 2021; 6:35494-35504. [PMID: 34984281 PMCID: PMC8717555 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c05019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Bombyx mori silk fibroin (SF) is a biopolymer that can be processed into materials with attractive properties (e.g., biocompatibility and degradability) for use in a multitude of technical and medical applications (including textiles, sutures, drug delivery devices, tissue scaffolds, etc.). Utilizing the information from experimental and computational SF studies, a simplified SF model has been produced (alanine-glycine [Ala-Gly] n crystal structure), enabling the application of both molecular dynamic and density functional theory techniques to offer a unique insight into SF-based materials. The secondary structure of the computational model has been evaluated using Ramachandran plots under different environments (e.g., different temperatures and ensembles). In addition, the mean square displacement of water incorporated into the SF model was investigated: the diffusion coefficients, activation energies, most and least favorable positions of water, and trajectory of water diffusion through the SF model are obtained. With further computational study and in combination with experimental data, the behavior/degradation of SF (and similar biomaterials) can be elucidated. Consequently, greater control of the aforementioned technologies may be achieved and positively affect their potential applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew
John Haskew
- Department
of Engineering, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, U.K.
- Department
of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K.
| | - Benjamin Deacon
- Department
of Engineering, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, U.K.
| | - Chin Weng Yong
- Scientific
Computing Department, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Daresbury Laboratory, Warrington WA4 4AD, U.K.
| | - John George Hardy
- Department
of Chemistry, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K.
- Materials
Science Institute, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K.
| | - Samuel Thomas Murphy
- Department
of Engineering, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YW, U.K.
- Materials
Science Institute, Lancaster University, Bailrigg, Lancaster LA1 4YB, U.K.
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21
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Sammi A, Divya, Mahapatra S, Kumar R, Chandra P. Nano-Bio-engineered Silk Matrix based Devices for Molecular Bioanalysis. Biotechnol Bioeng 2021; 119:784-806. [PMID: 34958139 DOI: 10.1002/bit.28021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 12/05/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Silk is a fibrous protein, has been a part of human lives for centuries and was used as suture and textile material. Silk is mainly produced by members of certain arthropods such as spiders, butterflies, mites, and moths. However, recent technological advances have revolutionized silk as a biomaterial for various applications ranging from heat sensors to robust fibers. The biocompatibility, mechanical resilience, and biodegradability of the material make it a suitable candidate for biomaterials. Silk can also be easily converted into several morphological forms, including fibers, films, sponges, and hydrogels. Provided these abilities, silk have received excellent traction from scientists worldwide for various developments, one of them being its use as a bio-sensor. The diversity of silk materials offers various options, giving scientists the freedom to choose from and personalize them as per their needs. In this review, we foremost look upon the composition, production, properties, and various morphologies of silk. The numerous applications of silk and its derivatives for fabricating biosensors to detect small molecules, macromolecules, and cells have been explored comprehensively. Also, the data from various globally developed sensors using silk have been described into organized tables for each category of molecules, along with their important analytical details. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditi Sammi
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Divya
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Supratim Mahapatra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Rahul Kumar
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
| | - Pranjal Chandra
- Laboratory of Bio-Physio Sensors and Nanobioengineering, School of Biochemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi, Varanasi, Uttar Pradesh, 221005, India
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22
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Lin Z, Li Y, Meng G, Hu X, Zeng Z, Zhao B, Lin N, Liu XY. Reinforcement of Silk Microneedle Patches for Accurate Transdermal Delivery. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:5319-5326. [PMID: 34793132 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c01213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Microneedles (MNs) have attracted considerable attention in the pharmaceutical field as a minimally invasive delivery alternative to hypodermic needles. Current material systems of MNs have gradually shifted from metals, ceramics, and silicon to polymer in consideration of toughness and drug loading capacity. Silk fibroin (SF) is considered one of the most promising alternatives because it combines the ability to maintain the activity of biomolecules, adjustable mechanical strength, and excellent biocompatibility. However, the strength and hardness of SF MNs need to be carefully optimized to ensure skin epidermis penetration and controlled drug release, which are rarely explored in reported works. Here, the synergistic effect of glutaraldehyde-based cross-linking and water vapor annealing post-treatment is presented as an effective method to promote the formation of SF molecular networks and the mechanical strength of SF MNs. Moreover, the reinforced MN substrate is coated with a drug-loaded SF layer with low crystallinity. The drug release experiments demonstrate the successful controlled release of rhodamine B, horseradish peroxidase, and tetracycline, which suggests the great potential in the application of vaccine, antibiosis, cosmetology, and so forth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaifu Lin
- College of Materials, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (MEL), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanru Li
- College of Materials, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (MEL), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoqing Meng
- College of Materials, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (MEL), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinling Hu
- College of Materials, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (MEL), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhicheng Zeng
- College of Materials, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (MEL), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Bicheng Zhao
- College of Materials, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (MEL), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Naibo Lin
- College of Materials, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (MEL), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Yang Liu
- College of Materials, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science (MEL), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China.,Physics Department, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117542, Republic of Singapore
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23
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Hierarchically 3-D Porous Structure of Silk Fibroin-Based Biocomposite Adsorbent for Water Pollutant Removal. ENVIRONMENTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/environments8110127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the tunability of a 3-D porous network in a freeze-dried silk fibroin/soursop seed (SF:SS) polymer composite bioadsorbent. Morphological, physical, electronic, and thermal properties were assessed using scanning electron microscopy, the BET N2 adsorption-desorption test, Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). A control mechanism of pore opening–closing by tuning the SS fraction in SF:SS composite was found. The porous formation is apparently due to the amount of phytic acid as a natural cross-linker in SS. The result reveals that a large pore radius is formed using only 20% wt of SS in the composite, i.e., SF:SS (4:1), and the fibrous network closes the pore when the SS fraction increases up to 50%, i.e., SF:SS (1:1). The SF:SS (4:1) with the best physical and thermal properties shows an average pore diameter of 39.19 nm, specific surface area of 19.47 m2·g−1, and thermal stability up to ~450 °C. The removal of the organic molecule and the heavy metal was assessed using crystal violet (CV) dye and the Cu2+ adsorption test, respectively. The adsorption isotherm of both CV and Cu2+ on SF:SS (4:1) follows the Freundlich model, and the adsorption kinetic of CV follows the pseudo-first-order model. The adsorption test indicates that physisorption dominates the adsorption of either CV or Cu2+ on the SF:SS composites.
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Fan Y, Zhang C, Gao Z, Zhou W, Hou Y, Zhou Z, Yao J, Zhao YS. Randomly Induced Phase Transformation in Silk Protein-Based Microlaser Arrays for Anticounterfeiting. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2021; 33:e2102586. [PMID: 34477249 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202102586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Anticounterfeiting labels based on physical unclonable functions (PUFs) exhibit high security with unreplicable code outputs, making them an ideal platform to realize unbreakable anticounterfeiting. Although various schemes are proposed for PUF labels, the utilization of natural randomness suffers from unpredictable signal extraction sites, which poses a challenge to efficient and convenient authentication for practical anticounterfeiting applications. Here, a covert optical PUF-based cryptographic protocol from silk protein-based microlaser (SML) arrays that possess hidden randomness of lasers for unclonable lasing signals as well as a defined location for efficient identification is proposed. The initial SMLs are patterned by casting laser dye-doped regenerated silk fibroin solution, resulting in a uniform microlaser array with regulated positions. With the SML array as substrate, random methanol microdroplets are stochastically sprayed on the SML array, which eventually induces uneven lasing signal changes of the patterned microlasers. The treated SML array possesses the deterministic readout sites of laser signals and unrepeatable signal distribution characteristics, which can guarantee efficient authentication and high security when serving as an anticounterfeiting label.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Fan
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Chunhuan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhenhua Gao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Wu Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yue Hou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Zhonghao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jiannian Yao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yong Sheng Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Photochemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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25
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Shu T, Lv Z, Chen CT, Gu GX, Ren J, Cao L, Pei Y, Ling S, Kaplan DL. Mechanical Training-Driven Structural Remodeling: A Rational Route for Outstanding Highly Hydrated Silk Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2021; 17:e2102660. [PMID: 34288406 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202102660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Highly hydrated silk materials (HHSMs) have been the focus of extensive research due to their usefulness in tissue engineering, regenerative medicine, and soft devices, among other fields. However, HHSMs have weak mechanical properties that limit their practical applications. Inspired by the mechanical training-driven structural remodeling strategy (MTDSRS) in biological tissues, herein, engineered MTDSRS is developed for self-reinforcement of HHSMs to improve their inherent mechanical properties and broaden potential utility. The MTDSRS consists of repetitive mechanical training and solvent-induced conformation transitions. Solvent-induced conformation transition enables the formation of β-sheet physical crosslinks among the proteins, while the repetitive mechanical loading allows the rearrangement of physically crosslinked proteins along the loading direction. Such synergistic effects produce strong and stiff mechanically trained-HHSMs (MT-HHSMs). The fracture strength and Young's modulus of the resultant MT-HHSMs (water content of 43 ± 4%) reach 4.7 ± 0.9 and 21.3 ± 2.1 MPa, respectively, which are 8-fold stronger and 13-fold stiffer than those of the as-prepared HHSMs, as well as superior to most previously reported HHSMs with comparable water content. In addition, the animal silk-like highly oriented molecular crosslinking network structure also provides MT-HHSMs with fascinating physical and functional features, such as stress-birefringence responsibility, humidity-induced actuation, and repeatable self-folding deformation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Shu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Zhuochen Lv
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Chun-Teh Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Grace X Gu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jing Ren
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Leitao Cao
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Ying Pei
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450001, China
| | - Shengjie Ling
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02155, USA
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26
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Li Q, Chen G, Cui Y, Ji S, Liu Z, Wan C, Liu Y, Lu Y, Wang C, Zhang N, Cheng Y, Zhang KQ, Chen X. Highly Thermal-Wet Comfortable and Conformal Silk-Based Electrodes for On-Skin Sensors with Sweat Tolerance. ACS NANO 2021; 15:9955-9966. [PMID: 34110782 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c01431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Noninvasive and seamless interfacing between the sensors and human skin is highly desired for wearable healthcare. Thin-film-based soft and stretchable sensors can to some extent form conformal contact with skin even under dynamic movements for high-fidelity signals acquisition. However, sweat accumulation underneath these sensors for long-term monitoring would compromise the thermal-wet comfort, electrode adherence to the skin, and signal fidelity. Here, we report the fabrication of a highly thermal-wet comfortable and conformal silk-based electrode, which can be used for on-skin electrophysiological measurement under sweaty conditions. It is realized through incorporating conducting polymers poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): polystyrenesulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) into glycerol-plasticized silk fiber mats. Glycerol plays the role of tuning the mechanical properties of silk fiber mats and enhancing the conductivity of PEDOT:PSS. Our silk-based electrodes show high stretchability (>250%), low thermal insulation (∼0.13 °C·m2·W-1), low evaporative resistance (∼23 Pa·m2·W-1, 10 times lower than ∼1.3 mm thick commercial gel electrodes), and high water-vapor transmission rate (∼117 g·m-2·h-1 under sweaty conditions, 2 times higher than skin water loss). These features enable a better electrocardiography signal quality than that of commercial gel electrodes without disturbing the heat dissipation during sweat evaporation and provide possibilities for textile integration to monitor the muscle activities under large deformation. Our glycerol-plasticized silk-based electrodes possessing superior physiological comfortability may further engage progress in on-skin electronics with sweat tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingsong Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Geng Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Yajing Cui
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Shaobo Ji
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Zhiyuan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Human-Machine Intelligence-Synergy Systems, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Changjin Wan
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Yuping Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Yehu Lu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Changxian Wang
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
| | - Nan Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Monash Suzhou Research Institute, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ke-Qin Zhang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Centre for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Lab for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, 50 Nanyang Avenue, 639798 Singapore
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27
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Chirila TV. Oxygen Permeability of Silk Fibroin Hydrogels and Their Use as Materials for Contact Lenses: A Purposeful Analysis. Gels 2021; 7:gels7020058. [PMID: 34064586 PMCID: PMC8162346 DOI: 10.3390/gels7020058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 05/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Fibroin is a fibrous protein that can be conveniently isolated from the silk cocoons produced by the larvae of Bombyx mori silk moth. In its form as a hydrogel, Bombyx mori silk fibroin (BMSF) has been employed in a variety of biomedical applications. When used as substrates for biomaterial-cells constructs in tissue engineering, the oxygen transport characteristics of the BMSF membranes have proved so far to be adequate. However, over the past three decades the BMSF hydrogels have been proposed episodically as materials for the manufacture of contact lenses, an application that depends on substantially elevated oxygen permeability. This review will show that the literature published on the oxygen permeability of BMSF is both limited and controversial. Additionally, there is no evidence that contact lenses made from BMSF have ever reached commercialization. The existing literature is discussed critically, leading to the conclusion that BMSF hydrogels are unsuitable as materials for contact lenses, while also attempting to explain the scarcity of data regarding the oxygen permeability of BMSF. To the author’s knowledge, this review covers all publications related to the topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Traian V. Chirila
- Queensland Eye Institute, South Brisbane, QLD 4101, Australia; ; Tel.: +61-(0)7-3239-5024
- School of Chemistry & Physics, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD 4001, Australia
- Australian Institute of Bioengineering & Nanotechnology (AIBN), The University of Queensland, St Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
- School of Molecular Science, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA 6009, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, George E. Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science & Technology, Târgu Mureş 540139, Romania
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28
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Luo Y, Kang KB, Sartaj R, Sun MG, Zhou Q, Guaiquil VH, Rosenblatt MI. Silk films with nanotopography and extracellular proteins enhance corneal epithelial wound healing. Sci Rep 2021; 11:8168. [PMID: 33854156 PMCID: PMC8046786 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87658-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Corneal wound healing depends on extracellular matrix (ECM) and topographical cues that modulate migration and proliferation of regenerating cells. In our study, silk films with either flat or nanotopography patterned parallel ridge widths of 2000, 1000, 800 nm surfaces were combined with ECMs which include collagen type I (collagen I), fibronectin, laminin, and Poly-D-Lysine to accelerate corneal wound healing. Silk films with 800 nm ridge width provided better cell spreading and wound recovery than other size topographies. Coating 800 nm patterned silk films with collagen I proves to optimally further increased mouse and rabbit corneal epithelial cells growth and wound recovery. This enhanced cellular response correlated with redistribution and increase in size and total amount of focal adhesion. Transcriptomics and signaling pathway analysis suggested that silk topography regulates cell behaviors via actin nucleation ARP-WASP complex pathway, which regulate filopodia formation. This mechanism was further explored and inhibition of Cdc42, a key protein in this pathway, delayed wound healing and decreased the length, density, and alignment of filopodia. Inhibition of Cdc42 in vivo resulted in delayed re-epithelization of injured corneas. We conclude that silk film nanotopography in combination with collagen I constitutes a better substrate for corneal wound repair than either nanotopography or ECM alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuncin Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor Street, MC648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Kai B Kang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor Street, MC648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Rachel Sartaj
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor Street, MC648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Michael G Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor Street, MC648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor Street, MC648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Victor H Guaiquil
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor Street, MC648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Mark I Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor Street, MC648, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA.
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29
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Sun MG, Luo Y, Teng T, Guaiquil V, Zhou Q, McGinn L, Nazzal O, Walsh M, Lee J, Rosenblatt MI. Silk Film Stiffness Modulates Corneal Epithelial Cell Mechanosignaling. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021; 222:2170013. [PMID: 34149247 PMCID: PMC8208642 DOI: 10.1002/macp.202170013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin films are excellent candidate biomaterials for corneal tissue engineering due to their optical transparency, biocompatibility, and mechanical strength. Their tunable chemical and mechanical properties open the possibility of engineering cellular microenvironments that can both mimic native corneal tissue and provide stimuli to actively promote wound regeneration. While silk film mechanical properties, such as surface topography, have demonstrated the ability to control corneal epithelial cell wound regenerating behavior, few studies have explored the stiffness tunability of these films and its cellular effects. Cells are known actively sense the stiffness of their surroundings and processes such as cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and expression of stem markers can be strongly influenced by matrix stiffness. This study develops technical solutions that allow for both the fabrication of films with stiffnesses similar to corneal tissue and also for their characterization in an aqueous, native-like environment at a scale relevant to cellular forces. Physiological evidence demonstrates that corneal epithelial cells are mechanosensitive to films of different stiffnesses and show that cell spreading, cytoskeletal tension, and molecular mechanotransducer localization are associated with film stiffness. These results indicate that silk film stiffness can be used to regulate cell behavior for the purposes of ocular surface repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S. Morgan St., Chicago, IL 60607
| | - Y Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612
| | - T Teng
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S. Morgan St., Chicago, IL 60607
| | - V Guaiquil
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Q Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612
| | - L McGinn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612
| | - O Nazzal
- Department of Pathology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - M Walsh
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering, University of Wisconsin - Eau Claire, 101 Roosevelt Ave., Eau Claire, WI 54701
| | - J Lee
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, 851 S. Morgan St., Chicago, IL 60607
| | - M I Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1855 W. Taylor St., Chicago, IL 60612
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30
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Tarabanis C, Miranda-Nieves D, Ferrante T, Haller CA, Chaikof EL. Standardized User-Independent Confocal Microscopy Image Acquisition and Analysis for Thickness Measurements of Microscale Collagen Scaffolds. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2021; 27:1-6. [PMID: 33785078 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927621000234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The ability to accurately and precisely measure the thickness of biomaterial constructs is critical for characterizing both specific dimensional features and related mechanical properties. However, in the absence of a standardized approach for thickness measurements, a variety of imaging modalities have been employed, which have been associated with varying limits of accuracy, particularly for ultrathin hydrated structures. Electron microscopy (EM), a commonly used modality, yields thickness values for extensively processed and nonhydrated constructs, potentially resulting in overestimated mechanical properties, including elastic modulus and ultimate tensile strength. Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) has often been used as a nondestructive imaging alternative. However, published CLSM-derived image analysis protocols use arbitrary signal intensity cutoffs and provide minimal information regarding thickness variability across imaged surfaces. To address the aforementioned limitations, we present a standardized, user-independent CLSM image acquisition and analysis approach developed as a custom ImageJ macro and validated with collagen-based scaffolds. In the process, we also quantify thickness discrepancies in collagen-based scaffolds between CLSM and EM techniques, further illustrating the need for improved strategies. Employing the same image acquisition protocol, we also demonstrate that this approach can be used to estimate the surface roughness of the same scaffolds without the use of specialized instrumentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine Tarabanis
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Center for Life Sciences, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - David Miranda-Nieves
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Center for Life Sciences, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA02115, USA
- Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Thomas Ferrante
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Carolyn A Haller
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Center for Life Sciences, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA02115, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA02115, USA
| | - Elliot L Chaikof
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Center for Life Sciences, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA02115, USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA02115, USA
- Program in Health Sciences and Technology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA02139, USA
- Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering of Harvard University, 3 Blackfan Circle, Boston, MA02115, USA
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31
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Sun MG, Luo Y, Teng T, Guaiquil V, Zhou Q, McGinn L, Nazzal O, Walsh M, Lee J, Rosenblatt MI. Silk Film Stiffness Modulates Corneal Epithelial Cell Mechanosignaling. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.202100013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael G. Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago 1855 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60612 USA
- Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Chicago 851 S. Morgan St. Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Yuncin Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago 1855 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Tao Teng
- Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Chicago 851 S. Morgan St. Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Victor Guaiquil
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago 1855 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Qiang Zhou
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago 1855 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Lander McGinn
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago 1855 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Osayd Nazzal
- Department of Pathology University of Illinois at Chicago 840 S. Wood St., Suite 130 CSN Chicago IL 60612 USA
| | - Michael Walsh
- Department of Material Sciences and Engineering University of Wisconsin – Eau Claire 101 Roosevelt Ave Eau Claire WI 54701 USA
| | - James Lee
- Department of Bioengineering University of Illinois at Chicago 851 S. Morgan St. Chicago IL 60607 USA
| | - Mark I. Rosenblatt
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences University of Illinois at Chicago 1855 West Taylor Street Chicago IL 60612 USA
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32
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Zhang L, Zhang W, Hu Y, Fei Y, Liu H, Huang Z, Wang C, Ruan D, Heng BC, Chen W, Shen W. Systematic Review of Silk Scaffolds in Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Applications in the Recent Decade. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2021; 7:817-840. [PMID: 33595274 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.0c01716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
During the past decade, various novel tissue engineering (TE) strategies have been developed to maintain, repair, and restore the biomechanical functions of the musculoskeletal system. Silk fibroins are natural polymers with numerous advantageous properties such as good biocompatibility, high mechanical strength, and low degradation rate and are increasingly being recognized as a scaffolding material of choice in musculoskeletal TE applications. This current systematic review examines and summarizes the latest research on silk scaffolds in musculoskeletal TE applications within the past decade. Scientific databases searched include PubMed, Web of Science, Medline, Cochrane library, and Embase. The following keywords and search terms were used: musculoskeletal, tendon, ligament, intervertebral disc, muscle, cartilage, bone, silk, and tissue engineering. Our Review was limited to articles on musculoskeletal TE, which were published in English from 2010 to September 2019. The eligibility of the articles was assessed by two reviewers according to prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria, after which an independent reviewer performed data extraction and a second independent reviewer validated the data obtained. A total of 1120 articles were reviewed from the databases. According to inclusion and exclusion criteria, 480 articles were considered as relevant for the purpose of this systematic review. Tissue engineering is an effective modality for repairing or replacing injured or damaged tissues and organs with artificial materials. This Review is intended to reveal the research status of silk-based scaffolds in the musculoskeletal system within the recent decade. In addition, a comprehensive translational research route for silk biomaterial from bench to bedside is described in this Review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital and Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Department of Orthopaedics, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, People's Hospital of Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Yejun Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital and Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang Univerisity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Yang Fei
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital and Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang Univerisity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Haoyang Liu
- School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210009, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Devices, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Zizhan Huang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital and Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang Univerisity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Canlong Wang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital and Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang Univerisity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Dengfeng Ruan
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital and Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang Univerisity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | | | - Weishan Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital and Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang Univerisity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China
| | - Weiliang Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery of The Second Affiliated Hospital and Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, China.,Department of Sports Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China.,Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Key Laboratory of Sports System Disease Research and Accurate Diagnosis and Treatment of Zhejiang Province, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Orthopaedics Research Institute, Zhejiang Univerisity, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310000, China.,China Orthopaedic Regenerative Medicine (CORMed), Chinese Medical Association, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Development of robust, ultra-smooth, flexible and transparent regenerated silk composite films for bio-integrated electronic device applications. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 176:498-509. [PMID: 33571588 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.02.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Regenerated Silk Fibroin (RSF) films are considered promising substrate candidates primarily in the field of bio-integrated electronic device applications. The key issues that ought to be addressed to exploit the inherent advantages of silk thin films include enhancing their flexibility and chemical durability. Such films find a plethora of applications, the significant one being conformal, transparent microelectrode arrays. Elevated temperatures that are regularly used in lithographic processes tend to dehydrate RSF films, making them brittle. Furthermore, the solvents/etchants used in typical device fabrication results in the formation of micro-cracks. This paper addressed both these issues by developing composite films and studying the effect of biodegradable additives in enhancing flexibility and chemical durability without compromising on optical transparency and surface smoothness. Through our rigorous experimentation, regenerated silk blended with Polyvinyl Alcohol (Silk/PVA) is identified as the composite for achieving the objectives. Furthermore, the Cyto-compatibility studies suggest that Silk/PVA, along with all other silk composites, have shown above 80% cell viability, as verified using L929 fibroblast cell lines. Going a step further, we demonstrated the successful patterning of 32 channel optically transparent microelectrode array (MEA) pattern, with a minimum feature size of 5 μm above the free-standing and optically transparent Silk/PVA composite film.
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Liu J, Huang R, Li G, Kaplan DL, Zheng Z, Wang X. Generation of Nano-pores in Silk Fibroin Films Using Silk Nanoparticles for Full-Thickness Wound Healing. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:546-556. [PMID: 33449619 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.0c01411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin films are used in tissue engineering due to their biocompatibility, optical clarity, and slow biodegradability. However, the relatively smooth surface and low permeability of these systems may limit some applications; thus, here, a method was developed to generate nano-pores in methanol or ethanol-treated silk fibroin films. The first step was to induce the formation of nanoparticles (50-300 nm diam.) in silk fibroin solutions by autoclaving. After drying in air, the films formed were treated to induce silk β-sheet structures, which condense the bulk silk phase and nanoparticles and phase separation and enlarge the space of bulk silk phase and nanoparticles. These films were then extracted with water to allow the condensed nanoparticles to escape, leaving homogeneous nano-pores (50-300 nm) in the silk fibroin matrix. The introduction of nano-pores resulted in enhanced permeability and minimized loss of the mechanical properties of the nano-porous silk fibroin films (NSFs) when compared to the un-autoclaving-treated silk fibroin films. NSFs promoted cell (human fibroblasts) proliferation and oxygen/nutrition perfusion and significantly enhanced the complete skin-thickness wound healing in a rat model, suggesting the potential use in tissue regeneration or as wound dressing biomaterials for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Liu
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Ran Huang
- Zhejiang Cathaya International Co., Ltd, Hangzhou 310004, China
| | - Gang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Zhaozhu Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, College of Textile and Clothing Engineering, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, China
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Huang Y, Fitzpatrick V, Zheng N, Cheng R, Huang H, Ghezzi C, Kaplan DL, Yang C. Self-Folding 3D Silk Biomaterial Rolls to Facilitate Axon and Bone Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2020; 9:e2000530. [PMID: 32864866 PMCID: PMC7654509 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202000530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 08/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biomaterial scaffold designs are needed for self-organizing features related to tissue formation while also simplifying the fabrication processes involved. Toward this goal, silk protein-based self-folding scaffolds to support 3D cell culture, while providing directional guidance and promotion of cell growth and differentiation, are reported. A simple and robust one-step self-folding approach is developed using bilayers consisting of a hydrogel and silk film in aqueous solution. The 3D silk rolls, with patterns transferred from the initially prepared 2D films, guide the directional outgrowth of neurites and also promote the osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The osteogenic outcomes are further supported by enhanced biomechanical performance. By utilizing this self-folding method, cocultures of neurons and hMSCs are achieved by patterning cells on silk films and then converting these materials into a 3D format with rolling, mimicking aspects of the structure of osteons and providing physiologically relevant structures to promote bone regeneration. These results demonstrate the utility of self-folded silk rolls as efficient scaffold systems for tissue regeneration, while exploiting relatively simple 2D designs programmed to form more complex 3D structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Huang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
| | | | - Nan Zheng
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
| | - Ran Cheng
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
| | - Heyu Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
| | - Chiara Ghezzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02215
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, 02215
| | - Chen Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
- Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Boston University, Boston, MA, 02215
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Yavuz B, Chambre L, Harrington K, Kluge J, Valenti L, Kaplan DL. Silk Fibroin Microneedle Patches for the Sustained Release of Levonorgestrel. ACS APPLIED BIO MATERIALS 2020; 3:5375-5382. [PMID: 32832881 PMCID: PMC7437075 DOI: 10.1021/acsabm.0c00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The sustained release of levonorgestrel, a contraceptive, from silk-based microneedle patches was demonstrated for transdermal delivery. Modifications in the formulation of the silk protein and drug loading enabled the tuning of drug loading and release rates from the microneedle patches over time. Sustained drug release reached up to 100 days when the drug was loaded directly inside the microneedles, while release continued for more than a year when the drug was loaded inside microparticles prior to casting inside the microneedle patches. When coupled with the shelf-stable, refrigeration-less features of the silk protein matrix utilized in the microneedle fabrication, these findings suggest that long-acting contraception patches are feasible. This advance could provide practical options for women to have access to new options for protection against unwanted pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Burcin Yavuz
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Laura Chambre
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Kristin Harrington
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Jonathan Kluge
- Vaxess
Technologies, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Livio Valenti
- Vaxess
Technologies, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David L. Kaplan
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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Anh Tuan H, Hirai S, Inoue S, A. H. Mohammed A, Akioka S, Ngo Trinh T. Fabrication of Silk Resin with High Bending Properties by Hot-Pressing and Subsequent Hot-Rolling. MATERIALS 2020; 13:ma13122716. [PMID: 32549228 PMCID: PMC7345461 DOI: 10.3390/ma13122716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
This research reports the processability and mechanical properties of silk resins prepared by hot-pressing followed by hot-rolling and then analyzes their thermal and structural properties. The results show that regenerated silk (RS) resins are better suited for hot-rolling than Eri and Bombyx mori silk resins (untreated silk). When hot-rolling at 160 °C with a 50% of reduction ratio, maximum bending strength and Young’s modulus of RS resin reaches 192 MPa and 10.2 GPa, respectively, after pretreatment by immersion in 40 vol% ethanol, and 229 MPa and 12.5 GPa, respectively, after pretreatment by immersion in boiling water. Increased strength of the material is attributed to the increased content of aggregated strands and intramolecular linking of β sheets (attenuated total reflectance Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy) and higher crystallinity (X-ray diffraction analysis). After hot-pressing and hot-rolling, RS resins have a stable decomposition temperature (297 °C).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoang Anh Tuan
- Research Center for Environmentally Friendly Materials Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27–1 Mizumoto, Muroran 050–8585, Japan; (S.I.); (A.A.H.M.); (S.A.)
- Technology and Alloys of casting Department, Research Institute of Technology for Machinery, Vietnam Engine and Agricultural Machinery Corporation-Joint Stock Company, No 25 Vu Ngoc Phan, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam
- Correspondence: (H.A.T.); (S.H.)
| | - Shinji Hirai
- Research Center for Environmentally Friendly Materials Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27–1 Mizumoto, Muroran 050–8585, Japan; (S.I.); (A.A.H.M.); (S.A.)
- Correspondence: (H.A.T.); (S.H.)
| | - Shota Inoue
- Research Center for Environmentally Friendly Materials Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27–1 Mizumoto, Muroran 050–8585, Japan; (S.I.); (A.A.H.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Alharbi A. H. Mohammed
- Research Center for Environmentally Friendly Materials Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27–1 Mizumoto, Muroran 050–8585, Japan; (S.I.); (A.A.H.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Shota Akioka
- Research Center for Environmentally Friendly Materials Engineering, Muroran Institute of Technology, 27–1 Mizumoto, Muroran 050–8585, Japan; (S.I.); (A.A.H.M.); (S.A.)
| | - Tung Ngo Trinh
- Function Polymers and Nano Materials Laboratory, Institute of Chemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, No.08 Hoang Quoc Viet, Hanoi 100000, Vietnam;
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Varshney N, Sahi AK, Poddar S, Mahto SK. Soy protein isolate supplemented silk fibroin nanofibers for skin tissue regeneration: Fabrication and characterization. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:112-127. [PMID: 32422270 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Biocompatible soy protein isolate/silk fibroin (SPI/SF) nanofibrous scaffolds were successfully fabricated through electrospinning a novel protein blend SPI/SF. Prepared nanofibers were treated with ethanol vapor to obtain an improved water-stable structure. Fabricated scaffolds were characterized through scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), UV-VIS spectrophotometry and image analysis. The mean diameters of SPI/SF electrospun fibers were observed ranging between 71 and 160 nm. The scaffolds were found significantly stable for a prolong duration at the room temperature as well as at 37 °C, when placed in phosphate buffered saline, nutrient medium, and lysozyme-containing solution. The potential of fabricated scaffolds for skin tissue regeneration was evaluated by in vitro culturing of standard cell lines i.e., fibroblast cells (L929-RFP (red fluorescent protein) and NIH-3T3) and melanocytes (B16F10). The outcomes revealed that all the fabricated nanofibrous scaffolds were non-toxic towards normal mammalian cells. In addition, healing of full-thickness wound in rats within 14 days after treatment with a nanofibrous scaffold demonstrated its suitability as a potential wound dressing material. Interestingly, we found that nanofibers induced a noticeable reduction in the proliferation rate of B16F10 melanoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelima Varshney
- Tissue Engineering and Biomicrofluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Sahi
- Tissue Engineering and Biomicrofluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Suruchi Poddar
- Tissue Engineering and Biomicrofluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sanjeev Kumar Mahto
- Tissue Engineering and Biomicrofluidics Laboratory, School of Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India; Centre for Advanced Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University), Varanasi 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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40
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Patel M, Dubey DK, Singh SP. Phenomenological models of Bombyx mori silk fibroin and their mechanical behavior using molecular dynamics simulations. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 108:110414. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.110414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Wang Y, Zheng Z, Cheng Q, Kaplan DL, Li G, Wang X. Ductility and Porosity of Silk Fibroin Films by Blending with Glycerol/Polyethylene Glycol and Adjusting the Drying Temperature. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2020; 6:1176-1185. [PMID: 33464844 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b01567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Ductility and porosity of biofunctional films (BFFs) are critical properties for mechanical compliance and intercellular communication in tissue engineering. However, it remains a significant challenge to integrate these two key properties into BFFs. Herein, silk fibroin (SF) films with tunable ductility and porosity were prepared by adjusting the protein self-assembly process through combinations with glycerol (Gly) and polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) and regulating the film-casting temperature. Typically, among various conditions screened, the BFFs with a mass ratio of SF/PEG400/Gly of 10:5:3 (SPG1053) prepared at 4 °C exhibited remarkable ductility with a tensile strength of 2.7 ± 0.2 MPa and an elongation at break of 164.24 ± 24.20%, superior to films prepared from SF alone, SF/Gly, or SF/PEG400, demonstrating a synergistic plasticizing effect. Furthermore, the SPG1053 films prepared at 4 °C had a permeation efficiency of 56.32 ± 0.85% for fluorescently labeled dextran (dextran-TMR, MW: 10 kDa) after 204 h, significantly higher than films prepared at 20 °C (34.67 ± 3.63%) and 60 °C (15.4 ± 1.16%). Finally, the ductile and porous SPG1053 had excellent cell compatibility with human fibroblasts (Hs 865.SK). Given the demonstrated ductility, molecule-sieving property, and cytocompatibility, these new SPG films should offer new options for cell culture and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongfeng Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Zhaozhu Zheng
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Qingqing Cheng
- Suzhou Institute of Nano-tech and Nano-bionics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, 4 Colby Street, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Gang Li
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqin Wang
- National Engineering Laboratory for Modern Silk, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P.R. China
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42
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Jaramillo‐Quiceno N, Restrepo‐Osorio A. Water‐annealing treatment for edible silk fibroin coatings from fibrous waste. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- N. Jaramillo‐Quiceno
- Research Group on New Materials, School of EngineeringUniversidad Pontificia Bolivariana Circular 1ª # 70‐01, Medellín 050031 Colombia
| | - A. Restrepo‐Osorio
- Research Group on New Materials, School of EngineeringUniversidad Pontificia Bolivariana Circular 1ª # 70‐01, Medellín 050031 Colombia
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43
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Silk: A Promising Biomaterial Opening New Vistas Towards Affordable Healthcare Solutions. J Indian Inst Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s41745-019-00114-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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44
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Tang-Schomer MD, Kaplan DL, Whalen MJ. Film interface for drug testing for delivery to cells in culture and in the brain. Acta Biomater 2019; 94:306-319. [PMID: 30836199 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2019.02.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Brain access remains a major challenge in drug testing. The nearly 'impermeable' blood-brain-barrier (BBB) prevents most drugs from gaining access to brain cells via systematic intravenous (IV) injection. In this study, silk fibroin films were used as drug carrier as well as cell culture substrate to simulate the in vivo interface between drug reservoir and brain cells for testing drug delivery in the brain. In in vitro studies, film-released arabinofuranosyl cytidine (AraC), a mitotic inhibitor, selectively killed glial cells in film-supported mixed neural cell cultures; with widened dosage windows for drug efficacy and tolerance compared to drugs in solution. In the brain, the presence of silk films was well tolerated with no signs of acute neuroinflammation, cell death, or altered brain function. Topical application of silk films on the cortical surface delivered Evans blue, a BBB-impenetrable fluorescent marker, through the intact dura matter into the parenchyma of the ipsilateral hemisphere as deep as the hippocampal region, but not the contralateral hemisphere. In a mouse traumatic brain injury (TBI) model, necrosis markers by film delivery accessed more cells in the lesion core than by con-current IV delivery; whereas the total coverage including the peri-lesional area appeared to be comparable between the two routes. The complementary distribution patterns of co-delivered markers provided direct evidence of the partial confinement of either route's access to brain cells by a restrictive zone near the lesion border. Finally, film-delivered necrostatin-1 reduced overall cell necrosis by approximately 40% in the TBI model. These findings from representative small molecules of delivery route-dependent drug access are broadly applicable for evaluating drug actions both in vitro and in vivo. Combined with its demonstrated role of supporting neuron-electrode interfaces, the film system can be further developed for testing a range of neuromodulation approaches (i.e., drug delivery, electrical stimulation, cell graft) in the brain. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: This study demonstrated that silk fibroin films can be used to evaluate drug actions both in vitro and in vivo, partially overcoming the significant delivery barriers of the brain. This system can be adapted for efficient drug access to specific brain regions and/or cell types. The film system can be further developed for testing a range of interventions with drugs, electrical signals or cell graft for analysis of treatment outcomes including cell responses and brain function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min D Tang-Schomer
- The Jackson Laboratory for Genomic Medicine, Farmington, CT 06032, USA; University of Connecticut Health Center & Connecticut Children's Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Farmington, CT 06032, USA.
| | - David L Kaplan
- Tufts University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medford, MA 02155, United States.
| | - Michael J Whalen
- Harvard Medical School, Acute Brain Injury Research Laboratory, Massachusetts General Hospital for Children, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States.
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Enhancing humoral immunity via sustained-release implantable microneedle patch vaccination. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:16473-16478. [PMID: 31358641 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1902179116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Sustained exposure of lymphoid tissues to vaccine antigens promotes humoral immunity, but traditional bolus immunizations lead to rapid antigen clearance. We describe a technology to tailor vaccine kinetics in a needle-free platform translatable to human immunization. Solid pyramidal microneedle (MN) arrays were fabricated with silk fibroin protein tips encapsulating a stabilized HIV envelope trimer immunogen and adjuvant, supported on a dissolving polymer base. Upon brief skin application, vaccine-loaded silk tips are implanted in the epidermis/upper dermis where they release vaccine over a time period determined by the crystallinity of the silk matrix. Following MN immunization in mice, Env trimer was released over 2 wk in the skin, correlating with increased germinal center (GC) B cell responses, a ∼1,300-fold increase in serum IgG titers and a 16-fold increase in bone marrow (BM) plasma cells compared with bolus immunization. Thus, implantable MNs provide a practical means to substantially enhance humoral immunity to subunit vaccines.
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Yang K, Yazawa K, Tsuchiya K, Numata K, Guan J. Molecular Interactions and Toughening Mechanisms in Silk Fibroin–Epoxy Resin Blend Films. Biomacromolecules 2019; 20:2295-2304. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.9b00260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kang Yang
- International Research Center for Advanced Structural and Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kenjiro Yazawa
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Kousuke Tsuchiya
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Keiji Numata
- Biomacromolecules Research Team, RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Juan Guan
- International Research Center for Advanced Structural and Biomaterials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Biomedical Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing 100083, China
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Çetin Altındal D, James EN, Kaplan DL, Gümüşderelioğlu M. Melatonin-induced osteogenesis with methanol-annealed silk materials. J BIOACT COMPAT POL 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/0883911519847489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Melatonin, a hormone produced in the pineal gland, has been investigated for bone repair, remodeling, osteoporosis, as well as osseointegration of the implants. In this study, different concentrations of melatonin (0–2000-µM) were embedded into silk films annealed by methanol or water. Then, their capacity to differentiate human mesenchymal stem cells into osteoblasts was investigated for bone tissue regeneration. While methanol-annealed silk films have ~55% crystallinity, room-temperature water-annealed silk films have ~30% crystallinity by depending upon their different β-sheet contents. Melatonin-loaded silk films exhibited an initial burst release followed by a continuous release for up to 5 days, and the β-sheet content of silk films did not affect the release behavior of melatonin, an amphiphilic molecule. Moreover, human mesenchymal stem cells exhibited an increase in osteogenic markers such as alkaline phosphatase activity, osteocalcin, and runt-related transcription factor 2 expressions on the melatonin-loaded methanol-annealed silk films in both proliferation and osteogenic media. The bioactivity of the melatonin-modified silk films was further confirmed by the enhanced mineralization compared to silk films alone. This study demonstrated the feasibility of developing melatonin-loaded silk materials and the positive effect of releasing melatonin at micromolar concentrations on osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells cultured especially in osteogenic medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damla Çetin Altındal
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - Eric N James
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
| | - David L Kaplan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA, USA
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48
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Ageitos JM, Pulgar A, Csaba N, Garcia-Fuentes M. Study of nanostructured fibroin/dextran matrixes for controlled protein release. Eur Polym J 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2019.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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49
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Improving barrier performance of transparent polymeric film using silk nanofibril combine graphene oxide. J Taiwan Inst Chem Eng 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jtice.2018.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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Gasymov OK, Botta C, Ragona L, Guliyeva AJ, Molinari H. Silk Fibroin-Based Films Enhance Rhodamine 6G Emission in the Solid State: A Chemical-Physical Analysis of their Interactions for the Design of Highly Emissive Biomaterials. MACROMOL CHEM PHYS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/macp.201800460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Oktay K. Gasymov
- Institute of Biophysics of ANAS; 117 Khalilov AZ-1141 Baku Azerbaijan
| | - Chiara Botta
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), CNR; via Corti 12 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Laura Ragona
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), CNR; via Corti 12 20133 Milano Italy
| | - Aytaj J. Guliyeva
- Institute of Biophysics of ANAS; 117 Khalilov AZ-1141 Baku Azerbaijan
| | - Henriette Molinari
- Istituto per lo Studio delle Macromolecole (ISMAC), CNR; via Corti 12 20133 Milano Italy
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