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Wei Q, An Y, Zhao X, Li M, Zhang J. Three-dimensional bioprinting of tissue-engineered skin: Biomaterials, fabrication techniques, challenging difficulties, and future directions: A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131281. [PMID: 38641503 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
As an emerging new manufacturing technology, Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting provides the potential for the biomimetic construction of multifaceted and intricate architectures of functional integument, particularly functional biomimetic dermal structures inclusive of cutaneous appendages. Although the tissue-engineered skin with complete biological activity and physiological functions is still cannot be manufactured, it is believed that with the advances in matrix materials, molding process, and biotechnology, a new generation of physiologically active skin will be born in the future. In pursuit of furnishing readers and researchers involved in relevant research to have a systematic and comprehensive understanding of 3D printed tissue-engineered skin, this paper furnishes an exegesis on the prevailing research landscape, formidable obstacles, and forthcoming trajectories within the sphere of tissue-engineered skin, including: (1) the prevalent biomaterials (collagen, chitosan, agarose, alginate, etc.) routinely employed in tissue-engineered skin, and a discerning analysis and comparison of their respective merits, demerits, and inherent characteristics; (2) the underlying principles and distinguishing attributes of various current printing methodologies utilized in tissue-engineered skin fabrication; (3) the present research status and progression in the realm of tissue-engineered biomimetic skin; (4) meticulous scrutiny and summation of the extant research underpinning tissue-engineered skin inform the identification of prevailing challenges and issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Wei
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China; Innovation Center NPU Chongqing, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Chongqing 400000, China.
| | - Yalong An
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Xudong Zhao
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Mingyang Li
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
| | - Juan Zhang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, China
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Sivun D, Murtezi E, Karimian T, Hurab K, Marefat M, Klimareva E, Naderer C, Buchroithner B, Klar TA, Gvindzhiliia G, Horner A, Jacak J. Multiphoton lithography with protein photoresists. Mater Today Bio 2024; 25:100994. [PMID: 38384793 PMCID: PMC10879783 DOI: 10.1016/j.mtbio.2024.100994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Recently, 2D/3D direct laser writing has attracted increased attention due to its broad applications ranging from biomedical engineering to aerospace. 3D nanolithography of water-soluble protein-based scaffolds have been envisioned to provide a variety of tunable properties. In this paper, we present a functional protein-based photoresist with tunable mechanical properties that is suitable for multiphoton lithography (MPL). Through the use of methacrylated streptavidin or methacrylated bovine serum albumin in combination with polyethylene glycol diacrylate or methacrylated hyaluronic acid as crosslinkers and a vitamin-based photoinitiator, we were able to write two- and three-dimensional structures as small as 200 nm/600 nm lateral/axial features, respectively. We also demonstrated that Young's modulus can be tuned by the photoresist composition, and we were able to achieve values as low as 40 kPa. Furthermore, we showed that Young's modulus can be recovered after drying and rehydration (i.e. shelf time determination). The retained biological functionality of the streptavidin scaffolds was demonstrated using fluorescently labelled biotins. Using single-molecule fluorescence microscopy, we estimated the density of streptavidin in the written features (1.8 ± 0.2 × 105 streptavidins per 1.00 ± 0.05 μm³ of feature volume). Finally, we showed applicability of our 2D scaffold as a support for a fluorescence absorbance immuno-assay (FLISA), and as a delivery platform of extracellular vesicles to HeLa cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry Sivun
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Eljesa Murtezi
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Tina Karimian
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Kurt Hurab
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Maryam Marefat
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Elena Klimareva
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Christoph Naderer
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Boris Buchroithner
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Thomas A. Klar
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Georgii Gvindzhiliia
- Institute of Applied Physics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Altenberger Straße 69, 4040, Linz, Austria
| | - Andreas Horner
- Institute of Biophysics, Johannes Kepler University Linz, Gruberstraße 40, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Jaroslaw Jacak
- Department of Medical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Garnisonstraße 21, 4020, Linz, Austria
- AUVA Research Center, Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Experimental and Clinical Traumatology, Donaueschingenstraße 13, 1200 Vienna, Austria
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Ciulla MG, Massironi A, Sugni M, Ensign MA, Marzorati S, Forouharshad M. Recent Advances in the Development of Biomimetic Materials. Gels 2023; 9:833. [PMID: 37888406 PMCID: PMC10606425 DOI: 10.3390/gels9100833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we focused on recent efforts in the design and development of materials with biomimetic properties. Innovative methods promise to emulate cell microenvironments and tissue functions, but many aspects regarding cellular communication, motility, and responsiveness remain to be explained. We photographed the state-of-the-art advancements in biomimetics, and discussed the complexity of a "bottom-up" artificial construction of living systems, with particular highlights on hydrogels, collagen-based composites, surface modifications, and three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting applications. Fast-paced 3D printing and artificial intelligence, nevertheless, collide with reality: How difficult can it be to build reproducible biomimetic materials at a real scale in line with the complexity of living systems? Nowadays, science is in urgent need of bioengineering technologies for the practical use of bioinspired and biomimetics for medicine and clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria G. Ciulla
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via C. Golgi 19, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Alessio Massironi
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Michela Sugni
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Matthew A. Ensign
- Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Stefania Marzorati
- Department of Environmental Science and Policy, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 2, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Mahdi Forouharshad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Wilmer Eye Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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Dubrovin EV, Barinov NA, Ivanov DA, Klinov DV. Single-molecule AFM study of hyaluronic acid softening in electrolyte solutions. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 303:120472. [PMID: 36657830 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.120472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Investigation of hyaluronic acid (HA) morphology and mechanical properties at a single-molecule level is important for the development of HA based biomaterials. We have developed the atomic force microscopy (AFM) based approach for quantitative characterization of conformation of HA molecules. HA molecules adsorbed on a modified graphitic surface form oriented linear segments. Conformation of HA molecules can be considered as two-dimensional quasi-projection of a three-dimensional conformation locally straightened by a substrate. The persistence length and Young's modulus of biomolecules estimated using wormlike chain model decrease from 15.7 to 9.9 nm, and from ∼21 to ∼13 GPa, respectively, when KCl concentration increases from 0 to 100 mM. The dependence of the persistence length on ionic strength supports the Odijk-Skolnick-Fixman model of polyelectrolyte stiffening in electrolyte solution. The obtained results represent a new insight into the conformation and mechanical characteristics of HA molecules and complement the characterization of this biopolymer by bulk methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniy V Dubrovin
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340 Sochi, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Per. 9, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation; Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory 1 bld. 2, 119991 Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - Nikolay A Barinov
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340 Sochi, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Per. 9, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation.
| | - Dmitry A Ivanov
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340 Sochi, Russian Federation; Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse - IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, 15 Jean Starcky, Mulhouse 68057, France.
| | - Dmitry V Klinov
- Sirius University of Science and Technology, 1 Olympic Ave, 354340 Sochi, Russian Federation; Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Institutskiy Per. 9, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russian Federation.
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Yousefi-Mashouf H, Bailly L, Orgéas L, Henrich Bernardoni N. Mechanics of gelatin-based hydrogels during finite strain tension, compression and shear. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 10:1094197. [PMID: 36714620 PMCID: PMC9877534 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1094197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Among the biopolymers used to make hydrogels, gelatin is very attractive due to its biocompatibility, biodegradability and versatile physico-chemical properties. A proper and complete characterization of the mechanical behavior of these hydrogels is critical to evaluate the relevance of one formulation over another for a targeted application, and to optimise their processing route accordingly. Methods: In this work, we manufactured neat gelatin and gelatin covalently cross-linked with glutaraldehyde at various concentrations, yielding to hydrogels with tunable mechanical properties that we characterized under finite strain, cyclic tension, compression and shear loadings. Results and Discussion: The role of both the chemical formulation and the kinematical path on the mechanical performances of the gels is highlighted. As an opening towards biomedical applications, the properties of the gels are confronted to those of native soft tissues particularly complicated to restore, the human vocal folds. A specific cross-linked hydrogel is selected to mimic vocal-fold fibrous tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamid Yousefi-Mashouf
- University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grenoble INP, 3SR, Grenoble, France,University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grenoble INP, GIPSA-lab, Grenoble, France
| | - Lucie Bailly
- University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grenoble INP, 3SR, Grenoble, France,*Correspondence: Lucie Bailly,
| | - Laurent Orgéas
- University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grenoble INP, 3SR, Grenoble, France
| | - Nathalie Henrich Bernardoni
- University Grenoble Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Grenoble INP, GIPSA-lab, Grenoble, France
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6
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Terzolo A, Bailly L, Orgéas L, Cochereau T, Henrich Bernardoni N. A micro-mechanical model for the fibrous tissues of vocal folds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2022; 128:105118. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2022.105118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Abstract
Tissue engineering refers to the attempt to create functional human tissue from cells in a laboratory. This is a field that uses living cells, biocompatible materials, suitable biochemical and physical factors, and their combinations to create tissue-like structures. To date, no tissue engineered skeletal muscle implants have been developed for clinical use, but they may represent a valid alternative for the treatment of volumetric muscle loss in the near future. Herein, we reviewed the literature and showed different techniques to produce synthetic tissues with the same architectural, structural and functional properties as native tissues.
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Koçak E, Yıldız A, Acartürk F. Three dimensional bioprinting technology: Applications in pharmaceutical and biomedical area. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2020; 197:111396. [PMID: 33075661 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
3D bioprinting is a technology based on the principle of three-dimensional printing of designed biological materials, which has been widely used recently. The production of biological materials, such as tissues, organs, cells and blood vessels with this technology is alternative and promising approach for organ and tissue transplantation. Apart from tissue and organ printing, it has a wide range of usage, such as in vitro/in vivo modeling, production of drug delivery systems and, drug screening. However, there are various restrictions on the use of this technology. In this review, the process steps, classification, advantages, limitations, usage and application areas of 3D bioprinting technology, materials and auxiliary materials used in this technology are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esen Koçak
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ayşegül Yıldız
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Füsun Acartürk
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey.
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Pina S, Ribeiro VP, Marques CF, Maia FR, Silva TH, Reis RL, Oliveira JM. Scaffolding Strategies for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine Applications. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2019; 12:E1824. [PMID: 31195642 PMCID: PMC6600968 DOI: 10.3390/ma12111824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 229] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
During the past two decades, tissue engineering and the regenerative medicine field have invested in the regeneration and reconstruction of pathologically altered tissues, such as cartilage, bone, skin, heart valves, nerves and tendons, and many others. The 3D structured scaffolds and hydrogels alone or combined with bioactive molecules or genes and cells are able to guide the development of functional engineered tissues, and provide mechanical support during in vivo implantation. Naturally derived and synthetic polymers, bioresorbable inorganic materials, and respective hybrids, and decellularized tissue have been considered as scaffolding biomaterials, owing to their boosted structural, mechanical, and biological properties. A diversity of biomaterials, current treatment strategies, and emergent technologies used for 3D scaffolds and hydrogel processing, and the tissue-specific considerations for scaffolding for Tissue engineering (TE) purposes are herein highlighted and discussed in depth. The newest procedures focusing on the 3D behavior and multi-cellular interactions of native tissues for further use for in vitro model processing are also outlined. Completed and ongoing preclinical research trials for TE applications using scaffolds and hydrogels, challenges, and future prospects of research in the regenerative medicine field are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pina
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Viviana P Ribeiro
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Catarina F Marques
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - F Raquel Maia
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Tiago H Silva
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
| | - J Miguel Oliveira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, Parque de Ciência e Tecnologia, Zona Industrial da Gandra, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
- ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, 4805-017 Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.
- The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Avepark, 4805-017 Barco, Guimarães, Portugal.
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Yin F, Lin L, Zhan S. Preparation and properties of cellulose nanocrystals, gelatin, hyaluronic acid composite hydrogel as wound dressing. JOURNAL OF BIOMATERIALS SCIENCE-POLYMER EDITION 2019; 30:190-201. [PMID: 30556771 DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2018.1558933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Gelatin (GA), hyaluronic acid (HA) and cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) are promising materials for skin wound care. In this study the GA-HA-CNC hydrogels were prepared by cross-linking and freeze-drying. The composition and mechanism of GA-HA-CNC hydrogels were confirmed by FTIR. The morphology and pore size were obtained by SEM. We accessed the physical property from rheological results and swelling ratio. NIH-3T3 cells were inoculated into the hydrogels and cultured for different days, then we analyzed the cytotoxicity of the prepared hydrogels by CCK-8 methods and live/dead pictorial diagram using staining kits. FTIR revealed the combination between GA, HA and CNC was attributed to the amide bond and hydrogen bonding. SEM results showed that the drying GA-HA-CNC hydrogels were spongy, with the pore diameter about 80-120 µm. CNC significantly enhanced the property of the hydrogels and play a vital role according to the rheology and swelling results. The cells culture results showed that NIH-3T3 cells can attached to, grow, and proliferate well on the GA-HA-CNC hydrogels. In conclusion, the natural GA-HA-CNC hydrogel has great potential for the skin wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Lanfang Lin
- b Linyi Lanshan Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Linyi , China
| | - Shijuan Zhan
- c Second Department of Oncology , Linyi People's Hospital , Linyi , China
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Liu F, Chen Q, Liu C, Ao Q, Tian X, Fan J, Tong H, Wang X. Natural Polymers for Organ 3D Bioprinting. Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E1278. [PMID: 30961203 PMCID: PMC6401941 DOI: 10.3390/polym10111278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 10/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) bioprinting, known as a promising technology for bioartificial organ manufacturing, has provided unprecedented versatility to manipulate cells and other biomaterials with precise control their locations in space. Over the last decade, a number of 3D bioprinting technologies have been explored. Natural polymers have played a central role in supporting the cellular and biomolecular activities before, during and after the 3D bioprinting processes. These polymers have been widely used as effective cell-loading hydrogels for homogeneous/heterogeneous tissue/organ formation, hierarchical vascular/neural/lymphatic network construction, as well as multiple biological/biochemial/physiological/biomedical/pathological functionality realization. This review aims to cover recent progress in natural polymers for bioartificial organ 3D bioprinting. It is structured as introducing the important properties of 3D printable natural polymers, successful models of 3D tissue/organ construction and typical technologies for bioartificial organ 3D bioprinting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China.
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, China Medical University, No.117 North Nanjing Street, Shenyang 110003, China.
| | - Qiuhong Chen
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Qiang Ao
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xiaohong Tian
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Jun Fan
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Hao Tong
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China.
| | - Xiaohong Wang
- Department of Tissue Engineering, Center of 3D Printing & Organ Manufacturing, School of Fundamental Sciences, China Medical University (CMU), No. 77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang 110122, China.
- Center of Organ Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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12
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Singh YP, Moses JC, Bhardwaj N, Mandal BB. Injectable hydrogels: a new paradigm for osteochondral tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2018; 6:5499-5529. [PMID: 32254962 DOI: 10.1039/c8tb01430b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Osteochondral tissue engineering has become a promising strategy for repairing focal chondral lesions and early osteoarthritis (OA), which account for progressive joint pain and disability in millions of people worldwide. Towards improving osteochondral tissue repair, injectable hydrogels have emerged as promising matrices due to their wider range of properties such as their high water content and porous framework, similarity to the natural extracellular matrix (ECM), ability to encapsulate cells within the matrix and ability to provide biological cues for cellular differentiation. Further, their properties such as those that facilitate minimally invasive deployment or delivery, and their ability to repair geometrically complex irregular defects have been critical for their success. In this review, we provide an overview of innovative approaches to engineer injectable hydrogels towards improved osteochondral tissue repair. Herein, we focus on understanding the biology of osteochondral tissue and osteoarthritis along with the need for injectable hydrogels in osteochondral tissue engineering. Furthermore, we discuss in detail different biomaterials (natural and synthetic) and various advanced fabrication methods being employed for the development of injectable hydrogels in osteochondral repair. In addition, in vitro and in vivo applications of developed injectable hydrogels for osteochondral tissue engineering are also reviewed. Finally, conclusions and future perspectives of using injectable hydrogels in osteochondral tissue engineering are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogendra Pratap Singh
- Biomaterial and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-781039, Assam, India.
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13
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Latifi N, Asgari M, Vali H, Mongeau L. A tissue-mimetic nano-fibrillar hybrid injectable hydrogel for potential soft tissue engineering applications. Sci Rep 2018; 8:1047. [PMID: 29348423 PMCID: PMC5773686 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-18523-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
While collagen type I (Col-I) is commonly used as a structural component of biomaterials, collagen type III (Col-III), another fibril forming collagen ubiquitous in many soft tissues, has not previously been used. In the present study, the novel concept of an injectable hydrogel with semi-interpenetrating polymeric networks of heterotypic collagen fibrils, with tissue-specific Col-III to Col-I ratios, in a glycol-chitosan matrix was investigated. Col-III was introduced as a component of the novel hydrogel, inspired by its co-presence with Col-I in many soft tissues, its influence on the Col-I fibrillogenesis in terms of diameter and mechanics, and its established role in regulating scar formation. The hydrogel has a nano-fibrillar porous structure, and is mechanically stable under continuous dynamic stimulation. It was found to provide a longer half-life of about 35 days than similar hyaluronic acid-based hydrogels, and to support cell implantation in terms of viability, metabolic activity, adhesion and migration. The specific case of pure Col-III fibrils in a glycol-chitosan matrix was investigated. The proposed hydrogels meet many essential requirements for soft tissue engineering applications, particularly for mechanically challenged tissues such as vocal folds and heart valves.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Latifi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke street west, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada.
| | - Meisam Asgari
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke street west, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, 3640 University street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B2, Canada
| | - Luc Mongeau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke street west, Montreal, QC H3A 0C3, Canada
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Ocular biocompatibility of gelatin microcarriers functionalized with oxidized hyaluronic acid. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 72:150-159. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.11.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 10/26/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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15
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Radhakrishnan J, Subramanian A, Krishnan UM, Sethuraman S. Injectable and 3D Bioprinted Polysaccharide Hydrogels: From Cartilage to Osteochondral Tissue Engineering. Biomacromolecules 2016; 18:1-26. [PMID: 27966916 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Biomechanical performance of functional cartilage is executed by the exclusive anisotropic composition and spatially varying intricate architecture in articulating ends of diarthrodial joint. Osteochondral tissue constituting the articulating ends comprise superfical soft cartilage over hard subchondral bone sandwiching interfacial soft-hard tissue. The shock-absorbent, lubricating property of cartilage and mechanical stability of subchondral bone regions are rendered by extended chemical structure of glycosaminoglycans and mineral deposition, respectively. Extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans analogous polysaccharides are major class of hydrogels investigated for restoration of functional cartilage. Recently, injectable hydrogels have gained momentum as it offers patient compliance, tunable mechanical properties, cell deliverability, and facile administration at physiological condition with long-term functionality and hyaline cartilage construction. Interestingly, facile modifiable functional groups in carbohydrate polymers impart tailorability of desired physicochemical properties and versatile injectable chemistry for the development of highly potent biomimetic in situ forming scaffold. The scaffold design strategies have also evolved from single component to bi- or multilayered and graded constructs with osteogenic properties for deep subchondral regeneration. This review highlights the significance of polysaccharide structure-based functions in engineering cartilage tissue, injectable chemistries, strategies for combining analogous matrices with cells/stem cells and biomolecules and multicomponent approaches for osteochondral mimetic constructs. Further, the rheology and precise spatiotemporal positioning of cells in hydrogel bioink for rapid prototyping of complex three-dimensional anisotropic cartilage have also been discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janani Radhakrishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, India
| | - Anuradha Subramanian
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, India
| | - Uma Maheswari Krishnan
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, India
| | - Swaminathan Sethuraman
- Centre for Nanotechnology and Advanced Biomaterials, School of Chemical and Biotechnology, SASTRA University , Thanjavur-613401, India
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2016 TERMIS - Americas Conference and Exhibition San Diego, CA December 11-14, 2016. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:S1-S156. [PMID: 27935743 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.5000.abstracts] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Li L, Stiadle JM, Lau HK, Zerdoum AB, Jia X, Thibeault SL, Kiick KL. Tissue engineering-based therapeutic strategies for vocal fold repair and regeneration. Biomaterials 2016; 108:91-110. [PMID: 27619243 PMCID: PMC5035639 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.08.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Vocal folds are soft laryngeal connective tissues with distinct layered structures and complex multicomponent matrix compositions that endow phonatory and respiratory functions. This delicate tissue is easily damaged by various environmental factors and pathological conditions, altering vocal biomechanics and causing debilitating vocal disorders that detrimentally affect the daily lives of suffering individuals. Modern techniques and advanced knowledge of regenerative medicine have led to a deeper understanding of the microstructure, microphysiology, and micropathophysiology of vocal fold tissues. State-of-the-art materials ranging from extracecullar-matrix (ECM)-derived biomaterials to synthetic polymer scaffolds have been proposed for the prevention and treatment of voice disorders including vocal fold scarring and fibrosis. This review intends to provide a thorough overview of current achievements in the field of vocal fold tissue engineering, including the fabrication of injectable biomaterials to mimic in vitro cell microenvironments, novel designs of bioreactors that capture in vivo tissue biomechanics, and establishment of various animal models to characterize the in vivo biocompatibility of these materials. The combination of polymeric scaffolds, cell transplantation, biomechanical stimulation, and delivery of antifibrotic growth factors will lead to successful restoration of functional vocal folds and improved vocal recovery in animal models, facilitating the application of these materials and related methodologies in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linqing Li
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jeanna M Stiadle
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA
| | - Hang K Lau
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Aidan B Zerdoum
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Xinqiao Jia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USA
| | - Susan L Thibeault
- Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA; Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53792, USA.
| | - Kristi L Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA; Delaware Biotechnology Institute, 15 Innovation Way, Newark, DE 19711, USA.
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18
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Latifi N, Heris HK, Thomson SL, Taher R, Kazemirad S, Sheibani S, Li-Jessen NYK, Vali H, Mongeau L. A Flow Perfusion Bioreactor System for Vocal Fold Tissue Engineering Applications. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2016; 22:823-38. [PMID: 27537192 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2016.0053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The human vocal folds (VFs) undergo complex biomechanical stimulation during phonation. The aim of the present study was to develop and validate a phono-mimetic VF flow perfusion bioreactor, which mimics the mechanical microenvironment of the human VFs in vitro. The bioreactor uses airflow-induced self-oscillations, which have been shown to produce mechanical loading and contact forces that are representative of human phonation. The bioreactor consisted of two synthetic VF replicas within a silicone body. A cell-scaffold mixture (CSM) consisting of human VF fibroblasts, hyaluronic acid, gelatin, and a polyethylene glycol cross-linker was injected into cavities within the replicas. Cell culture medium (CCM) was perfused through the scaffold by using a customized secondary flow loop. After the injection, the bioreactor was operated with no stimulation over a 3-day period to allow for cell adaptation. Phonation was subsequently induced by using a variable speed centrifugal blower for 2 h each day over a period of 4 days. A similar bioreactor without biomechanical stimulation was used as the nonphonatory control. The CSM was harvested from both VF replicas 7 days after the injection. The results confirmed that the phono-mimetic bioreactor supports cell viability and extracellular matrix proteins synthesis, as expected. Many scaffold materials were found to degrade because of challenges from phonation-induced biomechanical stimulation as well as due to biochemical reactions with the CCM. The bioreactor concept enables future investigations of the effects of different phonatory characteristics, that is, voice regimes, on the behavior of the human VF cells. It will also help study the long-term functional outcomes of the VF-specific biomaterials before animal and clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Latifi
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
| | - Hossein K Heris
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
| | - Scott L Thomson
- 2 Department of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University , Provo, Utah
| | - Rani Taher
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
| | - Siavash Kazemirad
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
| | - Sara Sheibani
- 3 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
| | - Nicole Y K Li-Jessen
- 4 School of Communication Sciences and Disorders, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
| | - Hojatollah Vali
- 3 Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
| | - Luc Mongeau
- 1 Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University , Montreal, Canada
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Sanmartín-Masiá E, Poveda-Reyes S, Gallego Ferrer G. Extracellular matrix–inspired gelatin/hyaluronic acid injectable hydrogels. INT J POLYM MATER PO 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00914037.2016.1201828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Esther Sanmartín-Masiá
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Sara Poveda-Reyes
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
| | - Gloria Gallego Ferrer
- Centre for Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering (CBIT), Universitat Politècnica de València, Valencia, Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Bioengineering, Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER-BBN), Madrid, Spain
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20
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Li Y, Meng H, Liu Y, Narkar A, Lee BP. Gelatin Microgel Incorporated Poly(ethylene glycol)-Based Bioadhesive with Enhanced Adhesive Property and Bioactivity. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:11980-9. [PMID: 27111631 PMCID: PMC4874333 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b01364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/25/2016] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Up to 7.5 wt % of chemically cross-linked gelatin microgel was incorporated into dopamine-modified poly(ethylene glycol) (PEGDM) adhesive to simultaneously improve the material property and bioactivity of the PEG-based bioadhesive. Incorporation of gelatin microgel reduced cure time while it increased the elastic modulus and cross-linking density of the adhesive network. Most notably, the loss modulus values for microgel-containing adhesive were an order of magnitude higher when compared to microgel-free control. This drastic increase in the viscous dissipation ability of the adhesive is attributed to the introduction of reversible physical bonds into the adhesive network with the incorporation of the gelatin microgel. Additionally, incorporation of the microgel increased the adhesive properties of PEGDM by 1.5- to 2-fold. From in vitro cell culture studies, the composite adhesive is noncytotoxic and the incorporation of microgels provided binding site for promoting fibroblast attachment and viability. The subcutaneous implantation study indicated that the microgel-containing PEGDM adhesive is biocompatible and the incorporated microgels provided pockets for rapid cellular infiltration. Gelatin microgel incorporation was demonstrated to be a facile method to simultaneously enhance the adhesive property and the bioactivity of PEG-based adhesive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuting Li
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological
University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United
States
| | - Hao Meng
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological
University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United
States
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological
University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United
States
| | - Ameya Narkar
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological
University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United
States
| | - Bruce P. Lee
- Department
of Biomedical Engineering, Michigan Technological
University, Houghton, Michigan 49931, United
States
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21
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Heris HK, Daoud J, Sheibani S, Vali H, Tabrizian M, Mongeau L. Investigation of the Viability, Adhesion, and Migration of Human Fibroblasts in a Hyaluronic Acid/Gelatin Microgel-Reinforced Composite Hydrogel for Vocal Fold Tissue Regeneration. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:255-65. [PMID: 26501384 PMCID: PMC4885111 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201500370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Revised: 08/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The potential use of a novel scaffold biomaterial consisting of cross-linked hyaluronic acid (HA)-gelatin (Ge) composite microgels is investigated for use in treating vocal fold injury and scarring. Cell adhesion integrins and kinematics of cell motion are investigated in 2D and 3D culture conditions, respectively. Human vocal fold fibroblast (hVFF) cells are seeded on HA-Ge microgels attached to a HA hydrogel thin film. The results show that hVFF cells establish effective adhesion to HA-Ge microgels through the ubiquitous expression of β1 integrin in the cell membrane. The microgels are then encapsulated in a 3D HA hydrogel for the study of cell migration. The cells within the HA-Ge microgel-reinforced composite hydrogel (MRCH) scaffold have an average motility speed of 0.24 ± 0.08 μm min(-1) . The recorded microscopic images reveal features that are presumably associated with lobopodial and lamellipodial cell migration modes within the MRCH scaffold. Average cell speed during lobopodial migration is greater than that during lamellipodial migration. The cells move faster in the MRCH than in the HA-Ge gel without microgels. These findings support the hypothesis that HA-Ge MRCH promotes cell adhesion and migration; thereby they constitute a promising biomaterial for vocal fold repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein K. Heris
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (QC)
| | - Jamal Daoud
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal (QC)
| | - Sara Sheibani
- Biological Threat Defence Section, Defence R&D Canada-Suffield, Medicine Hat, (AB)
| | | | - Maryam Tabrizian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal (QC)
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal (QC)
| | - Luc Mongeau
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, McGill University, Montreal (QC)
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Kazemirad S, Heris HK, Mongeau L. Viscoelasticity of hyaluronic acid-gelatin hydrogels for vocal fold tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2015; 104:283-90. [PMID: 25728914 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Revised: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Crosslinked injectable hyaluronic acid (HA)-gelatin (Ge) hydrogels have remarkable viscoelastic and biological properties for vocal fold tissue engineering. Patient-specific tuning of the viscoelastic properties of this injectable biomaterial could improve tissue regeneration. The frequency-dependent viscoelasticity of crosslinked HA-Ge hydrogels was measured as a function of the concentration of HA, Ge, and crosslinker. Synthetic extracellular matrix hydrogels were fabricated using thiol-modified HA and Ge, and crosslinked by poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate. A recently developed characterization method based on Rayleigh wave propagation was used to quantify the frequency-dependent viscoelastic properties of these hydrogels, including shear storage and loss moduli, over a broad frequency range; that is, from 40 to 4000 Hz. The viscoelastic properties of the hydrogels increased with frequency. The storage and loss moduli values and the rate of increase with frequency varied with the concentrations of the constituents. The range of the viscoelastic properties of the hydrogels was within that of human vocal fold tissue obtained from in vivo and ex vivo measurements. Frequency-dependent parametric relations were obtained using a linear least-squares regression. The results are useful to better fine-tune the storage and loss moduli of HA-Ge hydrogels by varying the concentrations of the constituents for use in patient-specific treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Kazemirad
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Hossein K Heris
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada
| | - Luc Mongeau
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada
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Pina S, Oliveira JM, Reis RL. Natural-based nanocomposites for bone tissue engineering and regenerative medicine: a review. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:1143-1169. [PMID: 25580589 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201403354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 505] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine has been providing exciting technologies for the development of functional substitutes aimed to repair and regenerate damaged tissues and organs. Inspired by the hierarchical nature of bone, nanostructured biomaterials are gaining a singular attention for tissue engineering, owing their ability to promote cell adhesion and proliferation, and hence new bone growth, compared with conventional microsized materials. Of particular interest are nanocomposites involving biopolymeric matrices and bioactive nanosized fillers. Biodegradability, high mechanical strength, and osteointegration and formation of ligamentous tissue are properties required for such materials. Biopolymers are advantageous due to their similarities with extracellular matrices, specific degradation rates, and good biological performance. By its turn, calcium phosphates possess favorable osteoconductivity, resorbability, and biocompatibility. Herein, an overview on the available natural polymer/calcium phosphate nanocomposite materials, their design, and properties is presented. Scaffolds, hydrogels, and fibers as biomimetic strategies for tissue engineering, and processing methodologies are described. The specific biological properties of the nanocomposites, as well as their interaction with cells, including the use of bioactive molecules, are highlighted. Nanocomposites in vivo studies using animal models are also reviewed and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Pina
- 3B's Research Group - Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, AvePark, 4806-909, Caldas das Taipas, Guimarães, Portugal; ICVS/3B's - PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
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Heris HK, Latifi N, Vali H, Li N, Mongeau L. Investigation of Chitosan-glycol/glyoxal as an Injectable Biomaterial for Vocal Fold Tissue Engineering. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.proeng.2015.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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25
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Khaing ZZ, Seidlits SK. Hyaluronic acid and neural stem cells: implications for biomaterial design. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:7850-7866. [DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00974j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
While in the past hyaluronic acid (HA) was considered a passive structural component, research over the past few decades has revealed its diverse and complex biological functions resulting in a major ideological shift. This review describes recent advances in biological interactions of HA with neural stem cells, with a focus on leveraging these interactions to develop advanced biomaterials that aid regeneration of the central nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zin Z. Khaing
- Department of Neurological Surgery
- Institute for Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine
- University of Washington
- USA
| | - Stephanie K. Seidlits
- Department of Bioengineering
- Brain Research Institute
- Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center
- University of California Los Angeles
- USA
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26
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Thermoresponsive submicron-sized core–shell hydrogel particles with encapsulated olive oil. Colloid Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00396-014-3309-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Zhang Y, Sun Y, Yang X, Hilborn J, Heerschap A, Ossipov DA. Injectable in situ forming hybrid iron oxide-hyaluronic acid hydrogel for magnetic resonance imaging and drug delivery. Macromol Biosci 2014; 14:1249-59. [PMID: 24863175 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201400117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The development of multimodal in situ cross-linkable hyaluronic acid nanogels hybridized with iron oxide nanoparticles is reported. Utilizing a chemoselective hydrazone coupling reaction, the nanogels are converted to a macroscopic hybrid hydrogel without any additional reagent. Hydrophobic cargos remain encapsulated in the hydrophobic domains of the hybrid hydrogel without leakage. However, hydrogel degradation with hyaluronidase liberates iron oxide nanoparticles. This allows the utilization of imaging agents as tracers of the hydrogel degradation. UV-vis spectrometry and MRI studies reveal that the degradability of the hydrogels correlates with their structure. The hydrogels presented here are very promising theranostic tools for hyaluronidase-mediated delivery of hydrophobic drugs, as well as imaging of hydrogel degradation and tracking of degradation products in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Polymer Chemistry, Department of Chemistry-Ångström Uppsala University, Uppsala, 75121, Sweden
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Coppoolse JMS, Van Kooten TG, Heris HK, Mongeau L, Li NYK, Thibeault SL, Pitaro J, Akinpelu O, Daniel SJ. An in vivo study of composite microgels based on hyaluronic acid and gelatin for the reconstruction of surgically injured rat vocal folds. JOURNAL OF SPEECH, LANGUAGE, AND HEARING RESEARCH : JSLHR 2014; 57:S658-73. [PMID: 24687141 PMCID: PMC4917880 DOI: 10.1044/2014_jslhr-s-12-0292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of this study was to investigate local injection with a hierarchically microstructured hyaluronic acid-gelatin (HA-Ge) hydrogel for the treatment of acute vocal fold injury using a rat model. METHOD Vocal fold stripping was performed unilaterally in 108 Sprague-Dawley rats. A volume of 25 μl saline (placebo controls), HA-bulk, or HA-Ge hydrogel was injected into the lamina propria (LP) 5 days after surgery. The vocal folds were harvested at 3, 14, and 28 days after injection and analyzed using hematoxylin and eosin staining and immunohistochemistry staining for macrophages, myofibroblasts, elastin, collagen type I, and collagen type III. RESULTS The macrophage count was statistically significantly lower in the HA-Ge group than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. Results suggested that the HA-Ge injection did not induce inflammatory or rejection response. Myofibroblast counts and elastin were statistically insignificant across treatment groups at all time points. Increased elastin deposition was qualitatively observed in both HA groups from Day 3 to Day 28, and not in the saline group. Significantly more elastin was observed in the HA-bulk group than in the uninjured group at Day 28. Significantly more collagen type I was observed in the HA-bulk and HA-Ge groups than in the saline group (p < .05) at Day 28. The collagen type I concentration in the HA-Ge and saline groups was found to be comparable to that in the uninjured controls at Day 28. The concentration of collagen type III in all treatment groups was similar to that in uninjured controls at Day 28. CONCLUSION Local HA-Ge and HA-bulk injections for acute injured vocal folds were biocompatible and did not induce adverse response.
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Kazemirad S, Bakhshaee H, Mongeau L, Kost K. Non-invasive in vivo measurement of the shear modulus of human vocal fold tissue. J Biomech 2013; 47:1173-9. [PMID: 24433668 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2013.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/21/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Voice is the essential part of singing and speech communication. Voice disorders significantly affect the quality of life. The viscoelastic mechanical properties of the vocal fold mucosa determine the characteristics of the vocal folds oscillations, and thereby voice quality. In the present study, a non-invasive method was developed to determine the shear modulus of human vocal fold tissue in vivo via measurements of the mucosal wave propagation speed during phonation. Images of four human subjects' vocal folds were captured using high speed digital imaging (HSDI) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for different phonation pitches, specifically fundamental frequencies between 110 and 440 Hz. The MRI images were used to obtain the morphometric dimensions of each subject's vocal folds in order to determine the pixel size in the high-speed images. The mucosal wave propagation speed was determined for each subject and at each pitch value using an automated image processing algorithm. The transverse shear modulus of the vocal fold mucosa was then calculated from a surface (Rayleigh) wave propagation dispersion equation using the measured wave speeds. It was found that the mucosal wave propagation speed and therefore the shear modulus of the vocal fold tissue were generally greater at higher pitches. The results were in good agreement with those from other studies obtained via in vitro measurements, thereby supporting the validity of the proposed measurement method. This method offers the potential for in vivo clinical assessments of vocal folds viscoelasticity from HSDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Kazemirad
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0C3.
| | - Hani Bakhshaee
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0C3
| | - Luc Mongeau
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 0C3
| | - Karen Kost
- Department of Laryngology, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada H3A 1A1
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Miri AK, Heris HK, Mongeau L, Javid F. Nanoscale viscoelasticity of extracellular matrix proteins in soft tissues: A multiscale approach. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 30:196-204. [PMID: 24317493 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
It is hypothesized that the bulk viscoelasticity of soft tissues is determined by two length-scale-dependent mechanisms: the time-dependent response of the extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins at the nanometer scale and the biophysical interactions between the ECM solid structure and interstitial fluid at the micrometer scale. The latter is governed by poroelasticity theory assuming free motion of the interstitial fluid within the porous ECM structure. In a recent study (Heris, H.K., Miri, A.K., Tripathy, U., Barthelat, F., Mongeau, L., 2013. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater.), atomic force microscopy was used to measure the response of porcine vocal folds to a creep loading and a 50-nm sinusoidal oscillation. A constitutive model was calibrated and verified using a finite element model to accurately predict the nanoscale viscoelastic moduli of ECM. A generally good correlation was obtained between the predicted variation of the viscoelastic moduli with depth and that of hyaluronic acids in vocal fold tissue. We conclude that hyaluronic acids may regulate vocal fold viscoelasticity. The proposed methodology offers a characterization tool for biomaterials used in vocal fold augmentations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir K Miri
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0C3.
| | - Hossein K Heris
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0C3
| | - Luc Mongeau
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0C3
| | - Farhad Javid
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0C3
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Miri AK, Heris HK, Tripathy U, Wiseman PW, Mongeau L. Microstructural characterization of vocal folds toward a strain-energy model of collagen remodeling. Acta Biomater 2013; 9:7957-67. [PMID: 23643604 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2013.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2012] [Revised: 04/20/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Collagen fibrils are believed to control the immediate deformation of soft tissues under mechanical load. Most extracellular matrix proteins remain intact during frozen sectioning, which allows them to be scanned using atomic force microscopy (AFM). Collagen fibrils are distinguishable because of their periodic roughness wavelength. In the present study, the shape and organization of collagen fibrils in dissected porcine vocal folds were quantified using nonlinear laser scanning microscopy data at the micrometer scale and AFM data at the nanometer scale. Rope-shaped collagen fibrils were observed. The geometric characteristics for the fibrils were fed into a hyperelastic model to predict the biomechanical response of the tissue. The model simulates the micrometer-scale unlocking behavior of collagen bundles when extended from their unloaded configuration. Force spectroscopy using AFM was used to estimate the stiffness of collagen fibrils (1±0.5MPa). The presence of rope-shaped fibrils is postulated to change the slope of the force-deflection response near the onset of nonlinearity. The proposed model could ultimately be used to evaluate changes in elasticity of soft tissues that result from the collagen remodeling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir K Miri
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, Montreal, QC, Canada H3A 0C3
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Rodrigues FHA, Spagnol C, Pereira AGB, Martins AF, Fajardo AR, Rubira AF, Muniz EC. Superabsorbent hydrogel composites with a focus on hydrogels containing nanofibers or nanowhiskers of cellulose and chitin. J Appl Polym Sci 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/app.39725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Francisco H. A. Rodrigues
- Coordenação de Química; Universidade Estadual Vale do Acaraú; Avenida da Universidade 850; Campus da Betânia 62040-370 Sobral Ceará Brazil
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Avenida Colombo 5790 87020-900 Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | - Cristiane Spagnol
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Avenida Colombo 5790 87020-900 Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | - Antonio G. B. Pereira
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Avenida Colombo 5790 87020-900 Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | - Alessandro F. Martins
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Avenida Colombo 5790 87020-900 Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | - André R. Fajardo
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Avenida Colombo 5790 87020-900 Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | - Adley F. Rubira
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Avenida Colombo 5790 87020-900 Maringá Paraná Brazil
| | - Edvani C. Muniz
- Departamento de Química; Universidade Estadual de Maringá; Avenida Colombo 5790 87020-900 Maringá Paraná Brazil
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Devi N, Kakati DK. Smart porous microparticles based on gelatin/sodium alginate polyelectrolyte complex. J FOOD ENG 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Heris HK, Miri AK, Tripathy U, Barthelat F, Mongeau L. Indentation of poroviscoelastic vocal fold tissue using an atomic force microscope. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2013; 28:383-92. [PMID: 23829979 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2013.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2012] [Revised: 05/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The elastic properties of the vocal folds (VFs) vary as a function of depth relative to the epithelial surface. The poroelastic anisotropic properties of porcine VFs, at various depths, were measured using atomic force microscopy (AFM)-based indentation. The minimum tip diameter to effectively capture the local properties was found to be 25µm, based on nonlinear laser scanning microscopy data and image analysis. The effects of AFM tip dimensions and AFM cantilever stiffness were systematically investigated. The indentation tests were performed along the sagittal and coronal planes for an evaluation of the VF anisotropy. Hertzian contact theory was used along with the governing equations of linear poroelasticity to calculate the diffusivity coefficient of the tissue from AFM indentation creep testing. The permeability coefficient of the porcine VF was found to be 1.80±0.32×10(-15)m(4)/Ns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein K Heris
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Rue Sherbrooke Ouest, Montreal, Que., Canada H3A 0C3
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Kazemirad S, Mongeau L. Rayleigh wave propagation method for the characterization of a thin layer of biomaterials. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2013; 133:4332-4342. [PMID: 23742382 PMCID: PMC3689832 DOI: 10.1121/1.4804318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Revised: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An experimental method based on Rayleigh wave propagation was developed for quantifying the frequency-dependent viscoelastic properties of a small volume of expensive biomaterials over a broad frequency range. Synthetic silicone rubber and gelatin materials were fabricated and tested to evaluate the proposed method. Planar harmonic Rayleigh waves at different frequencies, from 80 to 4000 Hz, were launched on the surface of a sample composed of a substrate with known material properties coated with a thin layer of the soft material to be characterized. A transfer function method was used to obtain the complex Rayleigh wavenumber. An inverse wave propagation problem was solved and a complex nonlinear dispersion equation was obtained. The complex shear and elastic moduli of the sample materials were then calculated through the numerical solution of the obtained dispersion equation using the measured wavenumbers. The results were in good agreement with those of a previous independent study. The proposed method was found to be reliable and cost effective for the measurement of viscoelastic properties of a thin layer of expensive biomaterials, such as phonosurgical biomaterials, over a wide frequency range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Kazemirad
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 0C3, Canada.
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Kazemirad S, Heris HK, Mongeau L. Experimental methods for the characterization of the frequency-dependent viscoelastic properties of soft materials. THE JOURNAL OF THE ACOUSTICAL SOCIETY OF AMERICA 2013; 133:3186-97. [PMID: 23654420 PMCID: PMC3663851 DOI: 10.1121/1.4798668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2012] [Revised: 03/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
A characterization method based on Rayleigh wave propagation was developed for the quantification of the frequency-dependent viscoelastic properties of soft materials at high frequencies; i.e., up to 4 kHz. Planar harmonic surface waves were produced on the surface of silicone rubber samples. The phase and amplitude of the propagating waves were measured at different locations along the propagation direction, which allowed the calculation of the complex Rayleigh wavenumbers at each excitation frequency using a transfer function method. An inverse wave propagation problem was then solved to obtain the complex shear/elastic moduli from the measured wavenumbers. In a separate, related investigation, dynamic indentation tests using atomic force microscopy (AFM) were performed at frequencies up to 300 Hz. No systematic verification study is available for the AFM-based method, which can be used when the dimensions of the test samples are too small for other existing testing methods. The results obtained from the Rayleigh wave propagation and AFM-based indentation methods were compared with those from a well-established method, which involves the generation of standing longitudinal compression waves in rod-shaped test specimens. The results were cross validated and qualitatively confirmed theoretical expectations presented in the literature for the frequency-dependence of polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siavash Kazemirad
- Biomechanics Research Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering, McGill University, 817 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, Quebec H3A 0C3, Canada.
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Benz K, Stippich C, Osswald C, Gaissmaier C, Lembert N, Badke A, Steck E, Aicher WK, Mollenhauer JA. Rheological and biological properties of a hydrogel support for cells intended for intervertebral disc repair. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2012; 13:54. [PMID: 22490206 PMCID: PMC3375205 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2474-13-54] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2012] [Accepted: 04/10/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Cell-based approaches towards restoration of prolapsed or degenerated intervertebral discs are hampered by a lack of measures for safe administration and placement of cell suspensions within a treated disc. In order to overcome these risks, a serum albumin-based hydrogel has been developed that polymerizes after injection and anchors the administered cell suspension within the tissue. Methods A hydrogel composed of chemically activated albumin crosslinked by polyethylene glycol spacers was produced. The visco-elastic gel properties were determined by rheological measurement. Human intervertebral disc cells were cultured in vitro and in vivo in the hydrogel and their phenotype was tested by reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Matrix production and deposition was monitored by immuno-histology and by biochemical analysis of collagen and glycosaminoglycan deposition. Species specific in situ hybridization was performed to discriminate between cells of human and murine origin in xenotransplants. Results The reproducibility of the gel formation process could be demonstrated. The visco-elastic properties were not influenced by storage of gel components. In vitro and in vivo (subcutaneous implants in mice) evidence is presented for cellular differentiation and matrix deposition within the hydrogel for human intervertebral disc cells even for donor cells that have been expanded in primary monolayer culture, stored in liquid nitrogen and re-activated in secondary monolayer culture. Upon injection into the animals, gels formed spheres that lasted for the duration of the experiments (14 days). The expression of cartilage- and disc-specific mRNAs was maintained in hydrogels in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating the maintenance of a stable specific cellular phenotype, compared to monolayer cells. Significantly higher levels of hyaluronan synthase isozymes-2 and -3 mRNA suggest cell functionalities towards those needed for the support of the regeneration of the intervertebral disc. Moreover, mouse implanted hydrogels accumulated 5 times more glycosaminoglycans and 50 times more collagen than the in vitro cultured gels, the latter instead releasing equivalent quantities of glycosaminoglycans and collagen into the culture medium. Matrix deposition could be specified by immunohistology for collagen types I and II, and aggrecan and was found only in areas where predominantly cells of human origin were detected by species specific in situ hybridization. Conclusions The data demonstrate that the hydrogels form stable implants capable to contain a specifically functional cell population within a physiological environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Benz
- NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tuebingen, Reutlingen, Germany
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Shoffstall AJ, Taylor DM, Lavik EB. Engineering therapies in the CNS: what works and what can be translated. Neurosci Lett 2012; 519:147-54. [PMID: 22330751 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2012.01.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Revised: 01/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Engineering is the art of taking what we know and using it to solve problems. As engineers, we build tool chests of approaches; we attempt to learn as much as possible about the problem at hand, and then we design, build, and test our approaches to see how they impact the system. The challenge of applying this approach to the central nervous system (CNS) is that we often do not know the details of what is needed from the biological side. New therapeutic options for treating the CNS range from new biomaterials to make scaffolds, to novel drug-delivery techniques, to functional electrical stimulation. However, the reality is that translating these new therapies and making them widely available to patients requires collaborations between scientists, engineers, clinicians, and patients to have the greatest chance of success. Here we discuss a variety of new treatment strategies and explore the pragmatic challenges involved with engineering therapies in the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Shoffstall
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106-1712, USA
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Miri AK, Tripathy U, Mongeau L, Wiseman PW. Nonlinear laser scanning microscopy of human vocal folds. Laryngoscope 2012; 122:356-63. [PMID: 22252839 PMCID: PMC3397157 DOI: 10.1002/lary.22460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Revised: 10/07/2011] [Accepted: 10/24/2011] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS The purpose of this work was to apply nonlinear laser scanning microscopy (NLSM) for visualizing the morphology of extracellular matrix proteins within human vocal folds. This technique may potentially assist clinicians in making rapid diagnoses of vocal fold tissue disease or damage. Microstructural characterization based on NLSM provides valuable information for better understanding molecular mechanisms and tissue structure. STUDY DESIGN Experimental, ex vivo human vocal fold. METHODS A custom-built multimodal nonlinear laser scanning microscope was used to scan fibrillar proteins in three 4% formaldehyde-fixed cadaveric samples. Collagen and elastin, key extracellular matrix proteins in the vocal fold lamina propria, were imaged by two nonlinear microscopy modalities: second harmonic generation (SHG) and two-photon fluorescence (TPF), respectively. An experimental protocol was introduced to characterize the geometrical properties of the imaged fibrous proteins. RESULTS NLSM revealed the biomorphology of the human vocal fold fibrous proteins. No photobleaching was observed for the incident laser power of ∼60 mW before the excitation objective. Types I and III fibrillar collagen were imaged without label in the tissue by intrinsic SHG. Imaging while rotating the incident laser light-polarization direction confirmed a helical shape for the collagen fibers. The amplitude, periodicity, and overall orientation were then computed for the helically distributed collagen network. The elastin network was simultaneously imaged via TPF and found to have a basket-like structure. In some regions, particularly close to the epithelium, colocalization of both extracellular matrix components were observed. CONCLUSIONS A benchmark study is presented for quantitative real-time, ex vivo, NLSM imaging of the extracellular macromolecules in human vocal fold lamina propria. The results are promising for clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir K Miri
- Biomechanics Laboratory, Mechanical Engineering Department, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
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