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Piell KM, Poulton CC, Stanley CG, Schultz DJ, Klinge CM. Integrated Metabolomics and Transcriptomics Analysis of Anacardic Acid Inhibition of Breast Cancer Cell Viability. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7044. [PMID: 39000156 PMCID: PMC11241071 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Anacardic acid (AnAc) inhibits the growth of estrogen receptor α (ERα)-positive MCF-7 breast cancer (BC) cells and MDA-MB-231 triple-negative BC (TNBC) cells, without affecting primary breast epithelial cells. RNA sequencing (seq) and network analysis of AnAc-treated MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells suggested that AnAc inhibited lipid biosynthesis and increased endoplasmic reticulum stress. To investigate the impact of AnAc on cellular metabolism, a comprehensive untargeted metabolomics analysis was performed in five independent replicates of control versus AnAc-treated MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells and additional TNBC cell lines: MDA-MB-468, BT-20, and HCC1806. An analysis of the global metabolome identified key metabolic differences between control and AnAc-treated within each BC cell line and between MCF-7 and the TNBC cell lines as well as metabolic diversity among the four TNBC cell lines, reflecting TNBC heterogeneity. AnAc-regulated metabolites were involved in alanine, aspartate, glutamate, and glutathione metabolism; the pentose phosphate pathway; and the citric acid cycle. Integration of the transcriptome and metabolome data for MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 identified Signal transduction: mTORC1 downstream signaling in both cell lines and additional cell-specific pathways. Together, these data suggest that AnAc treatment differentially alters multiple pools of cellular building blocks, nutrients, and transcripts resulting in reduced BC cell viability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellianne M Piell
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Claire C Poulton
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Christian G Stanley
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - David J Schultz
- Department of Biology, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Carolyn M Klinge
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Genetics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
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2
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Gu W, Li C, Shen T, Tong L, Yuan W, Zheng X, Wang T, Wang S, Zhu B, Zhang C, Zhang C. NAT1 inhibits liver metastasis of colorectal cancer by regulating EMT and glycolysis. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:10546-10562. [PMID: 38916406 PMCID: PMC11236320 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024]
Abstract
Metastasis is the primary cause of cancer-related deaths, and colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis is a major poor prognostic factor in CRC. NAT1 (N-acetyltransferase 1) plays a crucial role in the invasive and metastatic processes of colorectal cancer. The role and molecular mechanism of NAT1 on tumor cells were verified by establishing a cell model of overexpression and knockdown of NAT1, and further verified by establishing a liver metastasis model of colorectal cancer for animal experiments. In vivo and in vitro experiments have demonstrated that overexpression of NAT1 reduces the ability of metastasis and invasion of colorectal cancer cells. NAT1 overexpression inhibits the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby suppressing the EMT (epithelial-mesenchymal transition) process and glycolytic ability of tumor cells. Additionally, decreased glycolytic ability results in reduced VEGF (Vascular endothelial growth factor) expression in colorectal cancer cells. The decreased VEGF expression leads to decreased angiogenesis and vascular permeability in liver metastases, ultimately reducing the occurrence of liver metastasis. Our findings highlight that overexpression of NAT1 significantly inhibits the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway, thereby suppressing EMT, glycolytic ability, and VEGF expression in colorectal cancer cells, collectively preventing the development of liver metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Gu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Biology, Chemistry, Pharmacy, Free University of Berlin, Berlin 14195, Germany
| | - Tingting Shen
- Department of Pathology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Li Tong
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Wenkang Yuan
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Xiaofei Zheng
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Tianqi Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Siyu Wang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Benshuai Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
| | - Chao Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui 230022, China
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3
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Choudhury C, Gill MK, McAleese CE, Butcher NJ, Ngo ST, Steyn FJ, Minchin RF. The Arylamine N-Acetyltransferases as Therapeutic Targets in Metabolic Diseases Associated with Mitochondrial Dysfunction. Pharmacol Rev 2024; 76:300-320. [PMID: 38351074 DOI: 10.1124/pharmrev.123.000835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In humans, there are two arylamine N-acetyltransferase genes that encode functional enzymes (NAT1 and NAT2) as well as one pseudogene, all of which are located together on chromosome 8. Although they were first identified by their role in the acetylation of drugs and other xenobiotics, recent studies have shown strong associations for both enzymes in a variety of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. There is growing evidence that this association may be causal. Consistently, NAT1 and NAT2 are shown to be required for healthy mitochondria. This review discusses the current literature on the role of both NAT1 and NAT2 in mitochondrial bioenergetics. It will attempt to relate our understanding of the evolution of the two genes with biologic function and then present evidence that several major metabolic diseases are influenced by NAT1 and NAT2. Finally, it will discuss current and future approaches to inhibit or enhance NAT1 and NAT2 activity/expression using small-molecule drugs. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: The arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) NAT1 and NAT2 share common features in their associations with mitochondrial bioenergetics. This review discusses mitochondrial function as it relates to health and disease, and the importance of NAT in mitochondrial function and dysfunction. It also compares NAT1 and NAT2 to highlight their functional similarities and differences. Both NAT1 and NAT2 are potential drug targets for diseases where mitochondrial dysfunction is a hallmark of onset and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chandra Choudhury
- School of Biomedical Sciences (C.C., M.K.G., C.E.M., N.J.B., F.J.S., R.F.M.) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (S.T.N.), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Melinder K Gill
- School of Biomedical Sciences (C.C., M.K.G., C.E.M., N.J.B., F.J.S., R.F.M.) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (S.T.N.), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Courtney E McAleese
- School of Biomedical Sciences (C.C., M.K.G., C.E.M., N.J.B., F.J.S., R.F.M.) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (S.T.N.), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Neville J Butcher
- School of Biomedical Sciences (C.C., M.K.G., C.E.M., N.J.B., F.J.S., R.F.M.) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (S.T.N.), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Shyuan T Ngo
- School of Biomedical Sciences (C.C., M.K.G., C.E.M., N.J.B., F.J.S., R.F.M.) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (S.T.N.), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Frederik J Steyn
- School of Biomedical Sciences (C.C., M.K.G., C.E.M., N.J.B., F.J.S., R.F.M.) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (S.T.N.), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Rodney F Minchin
- School of Biomedical Sciences (C.C., M.K.G., C.E.M., N.J.B., F.J.S., R.F.M.) and Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology (S.T.N.), University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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4
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Wise JTF, Yin X, Ma X, Zhang X, Hein DW. Stable Isotope Tracing Reveals an Altered Fate of Glucose in N-Acetyltransferase 1 Knockout Breast Cancer Cells. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:genes14040843. [PMID: 37107601 PMCID: PMC10137864 DOI: 10.3390/genes14040843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer death. Recent studies found that arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) is frequently upregulated in breast cancer, further suggesting NAT1 could be a potential therapeutic target for breast cancer. Previous publications have established that NAT1 knockout (KO) in breast cancer cell lines leads to growth reduction both in vitro and in vivo and metabolic changes. These reports suggest that NAT1 contributes to the energy metabolism of breast cancer cells. Proteomic analysis and non-targeted metabolomics suggested that NAT1 KO may change the fate of glucose as it relates to the TCA/KREB cycle of the mitochondria of breast cancer cells. In this current study, we used [U-13C]-glucose stable isotope resolved metabolomics to determine the effect of NAT1 KO on the metabolic profile of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. We incubated breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231 cells) and NAT1 Crispr KO cells (KO#2 and KO#5) with [U-13C]-glucose for 24 h. Tracer incubation polar metabolites from the cells were extracted and analyzed by 2DLC-MS, and metabolite differences were compared between the parental and NAT1 KO cells. Differences consistent between the two KO cells were considered changes due to the loss of NAT1. The data revealed decreases in the 13C enrichment of TCA/Krebs cycle intermediates in NAT1 KO cells compared to the MDA-MB-231 cells. Specifically, 13C-labeled citrate, isocitrate, a-ketoglutarate, fumarate, and malate were all decreased in NAT1 KO cells. We also detected increased 13C-labeled L-lactate levels in the NAT1 KO cells and decreased 13C enrichment in some nucleotides. Pathway analysis showed that arginine biosynthesis, alanine, aspartate and glutamate metabolism, and the TCA cycle were most affected. These data provide additional evidence supporting the impacts of NAT1 knockout on cellular energy metabolism. The data suggest that NAT1 expression is important for the proper functioning of mitochondria and the flux of glucose through the TCA/Krebs cycle in breast cancer cells. The metabolism changes in the fate of glucose in NAT1 KO breast cancer cells offer more insight into the role of NAT1 in energy metabolism and the growth of breast cancer cells. These data provide additional evidence that NAT1 may be a useful therapeutic target for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T. F. Wise
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
| | - Xinmin Yin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Xipeng Ma
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
- Center for Regulatory and Environmental Analytical Metabolomics, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40292, USA
| | - David W. Hein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY 40202, USA
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Hernández-González O, Herrera-Vargas DJ, Martínez-Leija ME, Zavala-Reyes D, Portales-Pérez DP. The role of arylamine N-acetyltransferases in chronic degenerative diseases: Their possible function in the immune system. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2022; 1869:119297. [PMID: 35588943 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Since their discovery, arylamine N-acetyltransferases 1 and 2 (NAT1 and NAT2, respectively) have been associated with the metabolism of xenobiotics. NAT2 is the main factor in the therapeutic success of tuberculosis treatment due to its role in the biotransformation of isoniazid. However, researchers have started to investigate the possible participation of NAT1 and NAT2 (NATs) in carcinogenesis, although the mechanisms have not been elucidated fully. NATs enzymatic activity is essential in some types of cancer, such as breast cancer and acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Whether NAT1 and/or NAT2 participate in insulin resistance level in diabetes mellitus or in the immune system remains to be explored. Therefore, it is clear that its role in cell physiology has more implications than just metabolizing compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Miguel Ernesto Martínez-Leija
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Mexico; Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Daniel Zavala-Reyes
- Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Mexico
| | - Diana Patricia Portales-Pérez
- Faculty of Chemical Sciences, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Mexico; Research Center for Health Sciences and Biomedicine, Autonomous University of San Luis Potosí, Mexico.
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6
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McAleese CE, Butcher NJ, Minchin RF. Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 deficiency inhibits drug-induced cell death in breast cancer cells: switch from cytochrome C-dependent apoptosis to necroptosis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2022; 195:223-236. [PMID: 35918499 PMCID: PMC9464750 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-022-06668-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) deficiency has been associated with drug resistance and poor outcomes in breast cancer patients. The current study aimed to investigate drug resistance in vitro using normal breast cancer cell lines and NAT1-deficient cell lines to understand the changes induced by the lack of NAT1 that resulted in poor drug response. Methods The response to seven chemotherapeutic agents was quantified following NAT1 deletion using CRISPR-Cas 9 in MDA-MB-231 and T-47D cells. Apoptosis was monitored by annexin V staining and caspase 3/7 activity. Cytochrome C release and caspase 8 and 9 activities were measured by Western blots. Caspase 8 was inhibited using Z-IETD-FMK and necroptosis was inhibited using necrostatin and necrosulfonamide. Results Compared to parental cells, NAT1 depleted cells were resistant to drug treatment. This could be reversed following NAT1 rescue of the NAT1 deleted cells. Release of cytochrome C in response to treatment was decreased in the NAT1 depleted cells, suggesting suppression of the intrinsic apoptotic pathway. In addition, NAT1 knockout resulted in a decrease in caspase 8 activation. Treatment with necrosulfonamide showed that NAT1 deficient cells switched from intrinsic apoptosis to necroptosis when treated with the anti-cancer drug cisplatin. Conclusions NAT1 deficiency can switch cell death from apoptosis to necroptosis resulting in decreased response to cytotoxic drugs. The absence of NAT1 in patient tumours may be a useful biomarker for selecting alternative treatments in a subset of breast cancer patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s10549-022-06668-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Courtney E McAleese
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Neville J Butcher
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
| | - Rodney F Minchin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia.
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7
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Hong KU, Gardner JQ, Doll MA, Stepp MW, Wilkey DW, Benz FW, Cai J, Merchant ML, Hein DW. Proteomic analysis of arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 knockout breast cancer cells: Implications in immune evasion and mitochondrial biogenesis. Toxicol Rep 2022; 9:1566-1573. [PMID: 36158865 PMCID: PMC9500399 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2022.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 06/13/2022] [Accepted: 07/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies have shown that inhibition or depletion of N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) in breast cancer cell lines leads to growth retardation both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that NAT1 contributes to rapid growth of breast cancer cells. To understand molecular and cellular processes that NAT1 contributes to and generate novel hypotheses in regard to NAT1's role in breast cancer, we performed an unbiased analysis of proteomes of parental MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells and two separate NAT1 knockout (KO) cell lines. Among 4890 proteins identified, 737 proteins were found significantly (p < 0.01) upregulated, and 651 proteins were significantly (p < 0.01) downregulated in both NAT1 KO cell lines. We performed enrichment analyses to identify Gene Ontology biological processes, molecular functions, and cellular components that were enriched in each data set. Among the proteins upregulated in NAT1 KO cells, pathways associated with MHC (major histocompatibility complex) I-mediated antigen presentation were significantly enriched. This raises an interesting and new hypothesis that upregulation of NAT1 in breast cancer cells may aid them evade immune detection. Multiple pathways involved in mitochondrial functions were collectively downregulated in NAT1 KO cells, including multiple subunits of mitochondrial ATP synthase (Complex V of the electron transport chain). This was accompanied by a reduction in cell cycle-associated proteins and an increase in pro-apoptotic pathways in NAT1 KO cells, consistent with reported observations that NAT1 KO cells exhibit a slower growth rate both in vitro and in vivo. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction in NAT1 KO cells likely contributes to growth retardation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung U. Hong
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jonathan Q. Gardner
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mark A. Doll
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Marcus W. Stepp
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Daniel W. Wilkey
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Frederick W. Benz
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Jian Cai
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Michael L. Merchant
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - David W. Hein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, USA,Correspondence to: Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, 505 S. Hancock Street, CTR Rm 303, Louisville, KY 40202, USA.
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8
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Agúndez JAG, García-Martín E. Editorial: Insights in Pharmacogenetics and Pharmacogenomics: 2021. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:907131. [PMID: 35496282 PMCID: PMC9046651 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.907131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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9
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Polymorphism in the human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 gene 3’-untranslated region determines polyadenylation signal usage. Biochem Pharmacol 2022; 200:115020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2022.115020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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10
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Doll MA, Ray AR, Salazar-González RA, Shah PP, Vega AA, Sears SM, Krueger AM, Hong KU, Beverly LJ, Hein DW. Deletion of arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 in MDA-MB-231 human breast cancer cells reduces primary and secondary tumor growth in vivo with no significant effects on metastasis. Mol Carcinog 2022; 61:481-493. [PMID: 35133049 PMCID: PMC9018511 DOI: 10.1002/mc.23392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) is frequently upregulated in breast cancer. Previous studies showed that inhibition or depletion of NAT1 in breast cancer cells diminishes anchorage-independent growth in culture, suggesting that NAT1 contributes to breast cancer growth and metastasis. To further investigate the contribution of NAT1 to growth and cell invasive/migratory behavior, we subjected parental and NAT1 knockout (KO) breast cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, MCF-7, and ZR-75-1) to multiple assays. The rate of cell growth in suspension was not consistently decreased in NAT1 KO cells across the cell lines tested. Similarly, cell migration and invasion assays failed to produce reproducible differences between the parental and NAT1 KO cells. To overcome the limitations of in vitro assays, we tested parental and NAT1 KO cells in vivo in a xenograft model by injecting cells into the flank of immunocompromised mice. NAT1 KO MDA-MB-231 cells produced primary tumors smaller than those formed by parental cells, which was contributed by an increased rate of apoptosis in KO cells. The frequency of lung metastasis, however, was not altered in NAT1 KO cells. When the primary tumors of the parental and NAT1 KO cells were allowed to grow to a pre-determined size or delivered directly via tail vein, the number and size of metastatic foci in the lung did not differ between the parental and NAT1 KO cells. In conclusion, NAT1 contributes to primary and secondary tumor growth in vivo in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells but does not appear to affect its metastatic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark A Doll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Andrew R Ray
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Raúl A Salazar-González
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Parag P Shah
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Alexis A Vega
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Sophia M Sears
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Austin M Krueger
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Kyung U Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Levi J Beverly
- Department of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - David W Hein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA.,Brown Cancer Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
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11
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Carlisle SM, Trainor PJ, Doll MA, Hein DW. Human Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) Knockout in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cell Lines Leads to Transcription of NAT2. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:803254. [PMID: 35046826 PMCID: PMC8762260 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.803254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Many cancers, including breast cancer, have shown differential expression of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1). The exact effect this differential expression has on disease risk and progression remains unclear. While NAT1 is classically defined as a xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme, other functions and roles in endogenous metabolism have recently been described providing additional impetus for investigating the effects of varying levels of NAT1 on global gene expression. Our objective is to further evaluate the role of NAT1 in breast cancer by determining the effect of NAT1 overexpression, knockdown, and knockout on global gene expression in MDA-MB-231 cell lines. RNA-seq was utilized to interrogate differential gene expression (genes correlated with NAT1 activity) across three biological replicates of previously constructed and characterized MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines expressing parental (Scrambled), increased (Up), decreased (Down, CRISPR 2–12), or knockout (CRISPR 2–19, CRISPR 5–50) levels of NAT1. 3,889 genes were significantly associated with the NAT1 N-acetylation activity of the cell lines (adjusted p ≤ 0.05); of those 3,889 genes, 1,756 were positively associated with NAT1 N-acetylation activity and 2,133 were negatively associated with NAT1 N-acetylation activity. An enrichment of genes involved in cell adhesion was observed. Additionally, human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) transcripts were observed in the complete NAT1 knockout cell lines (CRISPR 2–19 and CRISPR 5–50). This study provides further evidence that NAT1 functions as more than just a drug metabolizing enzyme given the observation that differences in NAT1 activity have significant impacts on global gene expression. Additionally, our data suggests the knockout of NAT1 results in transcription of its isozyme NAT2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Carlisle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States.,Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Patrick J Trainor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, United States.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - Mark A Doll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
| | - David W Hein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Medicine, University of Louisville, Louisville, KY, United States
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12
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Li P, Butcher NJ, Minchin RF. Effect arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 on morphology, adhesion, migration, and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells: role of matrix metalloproteinases and integrin αV. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 14:1-11. [PMID: 31910058 PMCID: PMC6961680 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2019.1710015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Reducted arylamine N-acetyltransferase (NAT1) in breast cancers is associated with poor patient survival. NAT1 has also been associated with changes in cancer cell survival and invasion both invitro and invivo. Here, we report the effects of NAT1 in cancer cell invasion by addressing its role in adherence, migration, and invasion in vitro. The NAT1 gene was deleted in MDA-MB-231, HT-29 and HeLa cells using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing. Loss of NAT1 increased adherence to collagen in all three cell-lines but migration was unaffected. NAT1 deletion decreased invasion and induced changes to cell morphology. These effects were independent of matrix metalloproteinases but were related to integrin ITGαV expression. The data suggest NAT1 is important in adhesion and invasion through integrin expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Li
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Neville J Butcher
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
| | - Rodney F Minchin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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13
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Hong KU, Doll MA, Lykoudi A, Salazar-González RA, Habil MR, Walls KM, Bakr AF, Ghare SS, Barve SS, Arteel GE, Hein DW. Acetylator Genotype-Dependent Dyslipidemia in Rats Congenic for N-Acetyltransferase 2. Toxicol Rep 2020; 7:1319-1330. [PMID: 33083237 PMCID: PMC7553889 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent reports suggest that arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NAT1 and/or NAT2) serve important roles in regulation of energy utility and insulin sensitivity. We investigated the interaction between diet (control vs. high-fat diet) and acetylator phenotype (rapid vs. slow) using previously established congenic rat lines (in F344 background) that exhibit rapid or slow Nat2 (orthologous to human NAT1) acetylator genotypes. Male and female rats of each genotype were fed control or high-fat (Western-style) diet for 26 weeks. We then examined diet- and acetylator genotype-dependent changes in body and liver weights, systemic glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and plasma lipid profile. Male and female rats on the high fat diet weighed approximately 10% more than rats on the control diet and the percentage liver to body weight was consistently higher in rapid than slow acetylator rats. Rapid acetylator rats were more prone to develop dyslipidemia overall (i.e., higher triglyceride; higher LDL; and lower HDL), compared to slow acetylator rats. Total cholesterol (TC)-to-HDL ratios were significantly higher and HDL-to-LDL ratios were significantly lower in rapid acetylator rats. Our data suggest that rats with rapid systemic Nat2 (NAT1 in humans) genotype exhibited higher dyslipidemia conferring risk for metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung U. Hong
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mark A. Doll
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Angeliki Lykoudi
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Raúl A. Salazar-González
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mariam R. Habil
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Kennedy M. Walls
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Alaa F. Bakr
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Smita S. Ghare
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Shirish S. Barve
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Gavin E. Arteel
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - David W. Hein
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Pharmacology & Toxicology, Center for Hepatobiology & Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
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14
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Carlisle SM, Trainor PJ, Hong KU, Doll MA, Hein DW. CRISPR/Cas9 knockout of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells suggests a role in cellular metabolism. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9804. [PMID: 32555504 PMCID: PMC7299936 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66863-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1), present in all tissues, is classically described as a phase-II xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme but can also catalyze the hydrolysis of acetyl-Coenzyme A (acetyl-CoA) in the absence of an arylamine substrate using folate as a cofactor. NAT1 activity varies inter-individually and has been shown to be overexpressed in estrogen receptor-positive (ER+) breast cancers. NAT1 has also been implicated in breast cancer progression however the exact role of NAT1 remains unknown. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of varying levels of NAT1 N-acetylation activity in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells on global cellular metabolism and to probe for unknown endogenous NAT1 substrates. Global, untargeted metabolomics was conducted via ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) on MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cell lines constructed with siRNA and CRISPR/Cas9 technologies to vary only in NAT1 N-acetylation activity. Many metabolites were differentially abundant in NAT1-modified cell lines compared to the Scrambled parental cell line. N-acetylasparagine and N-acetylputrescine abundances were strongly positively correlated (r = 0.986 and r = 0.944, respectively) with NAT1 N-acetylation activity whereas saccharopine abundance was strongly inversely correlated (r = −0.876). Two of the most striking observations were a reduction in de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis and defective β-oxidation of fatty acids in the absence of NAT1. We have shown that NAT1 expression differentially affects cellular metabolism dependent on the level of expression. Our results support the hypothesis that NAT1 is not just a xenobiotic metabolizing enzyme and may have a role in endogenous cellular metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha M Carlisle
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Center for Clinical and Translational Science, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Patrick J Trainor
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.,Applied Statistics, EASIB Department, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
| | - Kyung U Hong
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - Mark A Doll
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA
| | - David W Hein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, USA.
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15
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Butcher NJ, Burow R, Minchin RF. Modulation of Human Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase 1 Activity by Lysine Acetylation: Role of p300/CREB-Binding Protein and Sirtuins 1 and 2. Mol Pharmacol 2020; 98:88-95. [PMID: 32487734 DOI: 10.1124/mol.119.119008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) is a phase II xenobiotic-metabolizing enzyme that also has a role in cancer cell growth and metabolism. Recently, it was reported that NAT1 undergoes lysine acetylation, an important post-translational modification that can regulate protein function. In the current study, we use site-directed mutagenesis to identify K100 and K188 as major sites of lysine acetylation in the NAT1 protein. Acetylation of ectopically expressed NAT1 in HeLa cells was decreased by C646, an inhibitor of the protein acetyltransferases p300/CREB-binding protein (CBP). Recombinant p300 directly acetylated NAT1 in vitro. Acetylation of NAT1 was enhanced by the sirtuin (SIRT) inhibitor nicotinamide but not by the histone deacetylase inhibitor trichostatin A. Cotransfection of cells with NAT1 and either SIRT 1 or 2, but not SIRT3, significantly decreased NAT1 acetylation. NAT1 activity was evaluated in cells after nicotinamide treatment to enhance acetylation or cotransfection with SIRT1 to inhibit acetylation. The results indicated that NAT1 acetylation impaired its enzyme kinetics, suggesting decreased acetyl coenzyme A binding. In addition, acetylation attenuated the allosteric effects of ATP on NAT1. Taken together, this study shows that NAT1 is acetylated by p300/CBP in situ and is deacetylated by the sirtuins SIRT1 and 2. It is hypothesized that post-translational modification of NAT1 by acetylation at K100 and K188 may modulate NAT1 effects in cells. SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT: There is growing evidence that arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 has an important cellular role in addition to xenobiotic metabolism. Here, we show that NAT1 is acetylated at K100 and K188 and that changes in protein acetylation equilibrium can modulate its activity in cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neville J Butcher
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rachel Burow
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rodney F Minchin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Queensland, Australia
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16
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Liu T, Ye P, Ye Y, Lu S, Han B. Circular RNA hsa_circRNA_002178 silencing retards breast cancer progression via microRNA-328-3p-mediated inhibition of COL1A1. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:2189-2201. [PMID: 31957232 PMCID: PMC7011152 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a group of non-coding RNAs implicated in the pathogenesis of cancer progression, which exert their functions via regulation of microRNAs (miRNAs) and genes. The present study uses gain- and loss-of-function approaches to evaluate the functions of hsa_circRNA_002178 in angiogenesis along with energy metabolism and underlying downstream signals. The expression pattern of hsa_circRNA_002178 in clinical breast cancer tissues and its association with prognosis were characterized at first. Next, the energy metabolism and angiogenesis as well as cell viability were evaluated when the expression of hsa_circRNA_002178 in breast cancer cells was knocked down by siRNA. The interaction between hsa_circRNA_002178 and its downstream miR-328-3p was identified, followed by the analysis of their functions in regulation of breast cancer cellular behaviours. The target gene of miR-328-3p was predicted and verified, followed by identifying its role in the breast cancer progression. Higher expression of hsa_circRNA_002178 shared an association with worse prognosis in breast cancer. The inhibition of hsa_circRNA_002178 resulted in reductions in cell viability, energy metabolism and tube formation ability. Hsa_circRNA_002178 could competitively bind to miR-328-3p and down-regulated its expression. Restoration of miR-328-3p eliminated the tumour-promoting effects of hsa_circRNA_002178. COL1A1, as a target of miR-328-3p, could be up-regulated by overexpression of hsa_circRNA_002178. In vivo experiments further confirmed the inhibition of tumour growth and inflammation by silencing hsa_circRNA_002178 or up-regulating miR-328-3p. Taken together, hsa_circRNA_002178 is highlighted as a promising target for breast cancer due to the anti-tumour effects achieved by silencing hsa_circRNA_002178.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Ye
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuanyuan Ye
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Sen Lu
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
| | - Baosan Han
- Department of General Surgery, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Institute of Biliary Tract Disease, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Biliary Tract Disease Research, Shanghai, China
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17
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Primary aromatic amines and cancer: Novel mechanistic insights using 4-aminobiphenyl as a model carcinogen. Pharmacol Ther 2019; 200:179-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2019.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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18
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Population variability of rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) NAT1 gene for arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1: Functional effects and comparison with human. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10937. [PMID: 31358821 PMCID: PMC6662693 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-47485-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 07/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Human NAT1 gene for N-acetyltransferase 1 modulates xenobiotic metabolism of arylamine drugs and mutagens. Beyond pharmacogenetics, NAT1 is also relevant to breast cancer. The population history of human NAT1 suggests evolution through purifying selection, but it is unclear whether this pattern is evident in other primate lineages where population studies are scarce. We report NAT1 polymorphism in 25 rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) and describe the haplotypic and functional characteristics of 12 variants. Seven non-synonymous single nucleotide variations (SNVs) were identified and experimentally demonstrated to compromise enzyme function, mainly through destabilization of NAT1 protein and consequent activity loss. One non-synonymous SNV (c.560G > A, p.Arg187Gln) has also been characterized for human NAT1 with similar effects. Population haplotypic and functional variability of rhesus NAT1 was considerably higher than previously reported for its human orthologue, suggesting different environmental pressures in the two lineages. Known functional elements downstream of human NAT1 were also differentiated in rhesus macaque and other primates. Xenobiotic metabolizing enzymes play roles beyond mere protection from exogenous chemicals. Therefore, any link to disease, particularly carcinogenesis, may be via modulation of xenobiotic mutagenicity or more subtle interference with cell physiology. Comparative analyses add the evolutionary dimension to such investigations, assessing functional conservation/diversification among primates.
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19
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Denis RGP, Busi F, Castel J, Morel C, Zhang W, Bui LC, Sugamori KS, Prokopec SD, Boutros PC, Grant DM, Rodrigues-Lima F, Luquet S, Dupret JM. A readout of metabolic efficiency in arylamine N-acetyltransferase-deficient mice reveals minor energy metabolism changes. FEBS Lett 2019; 593:831-841. [PMID: 30883722 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2019] [Revised: 02/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Recent studies have revealed a possible link between the activities of polymorphic arylamine N-acetyltransferases (NATs) and energy metabolism. We used a Nat1/Nat2 double knockout (KO) mouse model to demonstrate that ablation of the two Nat genes is associated with modest, intermittent alterations in respiratory exchange rate. Pyruvate tolerance tests show that double KO mice have attenuated hepatic gluconeogenesis when maintained on a high-fat/high-sucrose diet. Absence of the two Nat genes also leads to an increase in the hepatic concentration of coenzyme A in mice fed a high-fat/high-sucrose diet. Our results suggest a modest involvement of NAT in energy metabolism in mice, which is consistent with the absence of major phenotypic deregulation of energy metabolism in slow human acetylators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël G P Denis
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité BFA, CNRS, UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Florent Busi
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité BFA, CNRS, UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Julien Castel
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité BFA, CNRS, UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Chloé Morel
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité BFA, CNRS, UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Wenchao Zhang
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité BFA, CNRS, UMR 8251, Paris, France.,School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, China
| | - Linh-Chi Bui
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité BFA, CNRS, UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Kim S Sugamori
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Paul C Boutros
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Canada.,Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Denis M Grant
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, University of Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Serge Luquet
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité BFA, CNRS, UMR 8251, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Marie Dupret
- Université Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Unité BFA, CNRS, UMR 8251, Paris, France
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20
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Wang L, Minchin RF, Essebier PJ, Butcher NJ. Loss of human arylamine N-acetyltransferase I regulates mitochondrial function by inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2019; 110:84-90. [PMID: 30836144 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2019.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 1 (NAT1) has been widely reported to affect cancer cell growth and survival and recent studies suggest it may alter cell metabolism. In this study, the effects of NAT1 deletion on mitochondrial function was examined in 2 human cell lines, breast carcinoma MDA-MB-231 and colon carcinoma HT-29 cells. Using a Seahorse XFe96 Flux Analyzer, NAT1 deletion was shown to decrease oxidative phosphorylation with a significant loss in respiratory reserve capacity in both cell lines. There also was a decrease in glycolysis without a change in glucose uptake. The changes in mitochondrial function was due to a decrease in pyruvate dehydrogenase activity, which could be reversed with the pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase inhibitor dichloroacetate. In the MDA-MB-231 and HT-29 cells, pyruvate dehydrogenase activity was attenuated either by an increase in phosphorylation or a decrease in total protein expression. These results may help explain some of the cellular events that have been reported recently in cell and animal models of NAT1 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Wang
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072 Australia
| | - Rodney F Minchin
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072 Australia.
| | - Patricia J Essebier
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072 Australia
| | - Neville J Butcher
- Molecular and Cellular Pharmacology Laboratory, School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, 4072 Australia
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