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Westenberger A, Skrahina V, Usnich T, Beetz C, Vollstedt EJ, Laabs BH, Paul JJ, Curado F, Skobalj S, Gaber H, Olmedillas M, Bogdanovic X, Ameziane N, Schell N, Aasly JO, Afshari M, Agarwal P, Aldred J, Alonso-Frech F, Anderson R, Araújo R, Arkadir D, Avenali M, Balal M, Benizri S, Bette S, Bhatia P, Bonello M, Braga-Neto P, Brauneis S, Cardoso FEC, Cavallieri F, Classen J, Cohen L, Coletta D, Crosiers D, Cullufi P, Dashtipour K, Demirkiran M, de Carvalho Aguiar P, De Rosa A, Djaldetti R, Dogu O, dos Santos Ghilardi MG, Eggers C, Elibol B, Ellenbogen A, Ertan S, Fabiani G, Falkenburger BH, Farrow S, Fay-Karmon T, Ferencz GJ, Fonoff ET, Fragoso YD, Genç G, Gorospe A, Grandas F, Gruber D, Gudesblatt M, Gurevich T, Hagenah J, Hanagasi HA, Hassin-Baer S, Hauser RA, Hernández-Vara J, Herting B, Hinson VK, Hogg E, Hu MT, Hummelgen E, Hussey K, Infante J, Isaacson SH, Jauma S, Koleva-Alazeh N, Kuhlenbäumer G, Kühn A, Litvan I, López-Manzanares L, Luxmore M, Manandhar S, Marcaud V, Markopoulou K, Marras C, McKenzie M, Matarazzo M, Merello M, Mollenhauer B, Morgan JC, Mullin S, Musacchio T, Myers B, Negrotti A, Nieves A, Nitsan Z, Oskooilar N, Öztop-Çakmak Ö, Pal G, Pavese N, Percesepe A, Piccoli T, Pinto de Souza C, Prell T, Pulera M, Raw J, Reetz K, Reiner J, Rosenberg D, Ruiz-Lopez M, Ruiz Martinez J, Sammler E, Santos-Lobato BL, Saunders-Pullman R, Schlesinger I, Schofield CM, Schumacher-Schuh AF, Scott B, Sesar Á, Shafer SJ, Sheridan R, Silverdale M, Sophia R, Spitz M, Stathis P, Stocchi F, Tagliati M, Tai YF, Terwecoren A, Thonke S, Tönges L, Toschi G, Tumas V, Urban PP, Vacca L, Vandenberghe W, Valente EM, Valzania F, Vela-Desojo L, Weill C, Weise D, Wojcieszek J, Wolz M, Yahalom G, Yalcin-Cakmakli G, Zittel S, Zlotnik Y, Kandaswamy KK, Balck A, Hanssen H, Borsche M, Lange LM, Csoti I, Lohmann K, Kasten M, Brüggemann N, Rolfs A, Klein C, Bauer P. Relevance of genetic testing in the gene-targeted trial era: the Rostock Parkinson's disease study. Brain 2024; 147:2652-2667. [PMID: 39087914 PMCID: PMC11292909 DOI: 10.1093/brain/awae188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 03/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Estimates of the spectrum and frequency of pathogenic variants in Parkinson's disease (PD) in different populations are currently limited and biased. Furthermore, although therapeutic modification of several genetic targets has reached the clinical trial stage, a major obstacle in conducting these trials is that PD patients are largely unaware of their genetic status and, therefore, cannot be recruited. Expanding the number of investigated PD-related genes and including genes related to disorders with overlapping clinical features in large, well-phenotyped PD patient groups is a prerequisite for capturing the full variant spectrum underlying PD and for stratifying and prioritizing patients for gene-targeted clinical trials. The Rostock Parkinson's disease (ROPAD) study is an observational clinical study aiming to determine the frequency and spectrum of genetic variants contributing to PD in a large international cohort. We investigated variants in 50 genes with either an established relevance for PD or possible phenotypic overlap in a group of 12 580 PD patients from 16 countries [62.3% male; 92.0% White; 27.0% positive family history (FH+), median age at onset (AAO) 59 years] using a next-generation sequencing panel. Altogether, in 1864 (14.8%) ROPAD participants (58.1% male; 91.0% White, 35.5% FH+, median AAO 55 years), a PD-relevant genetic test (PDGT) was positive based on GBA1 risk variants (10.4%) or pathogenic/likely pathogenic variants in LRRK2 (2.9%), PRKN (0.9%), SNCA (0.2%) or PINK1 (0.1%) or a combination of two genetic findings in two genes (∼0.2%). Of note, the adjusted positive PDGT fraction, i.e. the fraction of positive PDGTs per country weighted by the fraction of the population of the world that they represent, was 14.5%. Positive PDGTs were identified in 19.9% of patients with an AAO ≤ 50 years, in 19.5% of patients with FH+ and in 26.9% with an AAO ≤ 50 years and FH+. In comparison to the idiopathic PD group (6846 patients with benign variants), the positive PDGT group had a significantly lower AAO (4 years, P = 9 × 10-34). The probability of a positive PDGT decreased by 3% with every additional AAO year (P = 1 × 10-35). Female patients were 22% more likely to have a positive PDGT (P = 3 × 10-4), and for individuals with FH+ this likelihood was 55% higher (P = 1 × 10-14). About 0.8% of the ROPAD participants had positive genetic testing findings in parkinsonism-, dystonia/dyskinesia- or dementia-related genes. In the emerging era of gene-targeted PD clinical trials, our finding that ∼15% of patients harbour potentially actionable genetic variants offers an important prospect to affected individuals and their families and underlines the need for genetic testing in PD patients. Thus, the insights from the ROPAD study allow for data-driven, differential genetic counselling across the spectrum of different AAOs and family histories and promote a possible policy change in the application of genetic testing as a routine part of patient evaluation and care in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Westenberger
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Volha Skrahina
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Tatiana Usnich
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Christian Beetz
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Eva-Juliane Vollstedt
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Björn-Hergen Laabs
- Institute of Medical Biometry and Statistics, University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23562 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Jefri J Paul
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Filipa Curado
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Snezana Skobalj
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Hanaa Gaber
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
- Department of Clinical Project Management, IQVIA, 60549 Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
| | | | | | - Najim Ameziane
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Nathalie Schell
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Jan Olav Aasly
- Department of Neurology, St. Olavs Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Trøndelag, Norway
- Department of Neuroscience, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Mitra Afshari
- Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Pinky Agarwal
- Evergreen Health Neuroscience Institute, Kirkland, WA 98034, USA
| | - Jason Aldred
- Inland Northwest Research, Spokane, WA 99202, USA
| | - Fernando Alonso-Frech
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Unit, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, 28040 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Rui Araújo
- Department of Neurology, Centro Hospitalar Universitário de São João, 4200-319 Porto, Porto District, Portugal
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences and Mental Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Porto District, Portugal
| | - David Arkadir
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hadassah Medical Organization, Hebrew University, 91120 Jerusalem, Jerusalem District, Israel
| | - Micol Avenali
- Neurogenetics Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Brain and Behavioral Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Lombardy, Italy
| | - Mehmet Balal
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Adana, Turkey
| | - Sandra Benizri
- Movement Disorders Unit, Assuta Ramat Ha Hayal Hospital, 69710 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv District, Israel
| | - Sagari Bette
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center of Boca Raton, Boca Raton, FL 33486, USA
| | | | - Michael Bonello
- Department of Neurology, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, Merseyside L9 7LJ, UK
| | - Pedro Braga-Neto
- Division of Neurology, Department of Clinical Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, 60430-140 Fortaleza, Brazil
- Center of Health Science, Universidade Estadual do Ceará, 60714-903 Fortaleza, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | - Francisco Eduardo Costa Cardoso
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurology Service, Department of Internal Medicine, Federal University of Minas Gerais, 31270-901 Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Francesco Cavallieri
- Neurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Joseph Classen
- Department of Neurology, Leipzig University Medical Center, 04103 Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | | | - Della Coletta
- Department of Neurology, Universidade do Estado do Amazonas, 69050-010 Manaus AM, Amazonas, Brazil
| | - David Crosiers
- Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, 2650 Edegem, Flemish, Belgium
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, 2610 Antwerp, Flemish, Belgium
| | - Paskal Cullufi
- Pediatric Department, University Hospital ‘Mother Teresa’, 1001 Tirana, Tirana County, Albania
| | - Khashayar Dashtipour
- Department of Neurology, Division of Movement Disorders, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92354, USA
| | - Meltem Demirkiran
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Çukurova University, 01330 Adana, Adana, Turkey
| | - Patricia de Carvalho Aguiar
- Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Hospital Israelita Albert Einstein, 05651-901 Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Anna De Rosa
- Department of Neurosciences and Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Federico II University, 80131 Naples, Campania Region, Italy
| | - Ruth Djaldetti
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Clinic, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, 49100 Petach Tikva, Central District, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv District, Israel
| | - Okan Dogu
- Department of Neurology, Mersin University, 33343 Mersin, Mersin Province, Turkey
| | - Maria Gabriela dos Santos Ghilardi
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, 01308-050 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, 01246-903 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Carsten Eggers
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Marburg, 35037 Marburg, Hesse, Germany
- Department of Neurology, Knappschaftskrankenhaus Bottrop, 46242 Bottrop, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Bulent Elibol
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aaron Ellenbogen
- Michigan Institute for Neurological Disorders, Farmington Hills, MI 48334, USA
- Quest Research Institute, Farmington Hills, MI 48334, USA
| | - Sibel Ertan
- Department of Neurology, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Giorgio Fabiani
- Movement Disorders Unit, Hospital Angelina Caron, 83430-000 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Björn H Falkenburger
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital and Faculty of Medicine Carl Gustav Carus, 01307 Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - Simon Farrow
- Clinical Research Center of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89119, USA
| | - Tsviya Fay-Karmon
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv District, Israel
- Movement Disorders Institute and Department of Neurology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Ramat-Gan, Tel Aviv District, Israel
| | - Gerald J Ferencz
- Shore Neurology, RWJBarnabas Health Medical Group, Toms River, NJ 08755, USA
| | - Erich Talamoni Fonoff
- Laboratory of Neuroscience, Hospital Sírio-Libanês, 01308-050 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Neurology, University of São Paulo Medical School, 01246-903 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yara Dadalti Fragoso
- Department of Neurology, Universidade Metropolitana de Santos, 11070-100 Santos SP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gençer Genç
- Department of Neurology, Şişli Etfal Training and Research Hospital, University of Health Sciences, 34371 Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Arantza Gorospe
- Department of Neurology, de Navarra University Hospital, 31008 Pamplona, Navarre, Spain
| | - Francisco Grandas
- Movement Disorders Unit, University General Hospital Gregorio Marañón, 28007 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Doreen Gruber
- Movement Disorders Clinic, 14547 Beelitz-Heilstätten, Brandenburg, Germany
| | - Mark Gudesblatt
- NYU Langone South Shore Neurologic Associates, Islip, NY 11751, USA
| | - Tanya Gurevich
- Movement Disorders Unit, Neurological Institute, Tel Aviv Sourasky Medical Center, Tel Aviv University, 6423906 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv District, Israel
| | - Johann Hagenah
- Department of Neurology, Westküstenklinikum Heide, 25746 Heide, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Hasmet A Hanagasi
- Behavioral Neurology and Movement Disorders Unit, Department of Neurology, Istanbul Faculty of Medicine, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sharon Hassin-Baer
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv District, Israel
- Movement Disorders Institute and Department of Neurology, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, 52621 Ramat-Gan, Tel Aviv District, Israel
| | - Robert A Hauser
- University of South Florida Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center of Excellence, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jorge Hernández-Vara
- Neurology Department, Vall d’Hebron University Hospital, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08035 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Birgit Herting
- Neurological Clinic, Diakonie-Klinikum Schwäbisch Hall, 74523 Schwäbisch Hall, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Vanessa K Hinson
- Department of Neurology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Elliot Hogg
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Movement Disorder Program, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Michele T Hu
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Eduardo Hummelgen
- Neurology Service, Hospital Angelina Caron, 83430-000 Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Kelly Hussey
- University of South Florida Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center of Excellence, Tampa, FL 33612, USA
| | - Jon Infante
- Service of Neurology, University Hospital ‘Marqués de Valdecilla (IDIVAL)’, University of Cantabria, and ‘Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED)’, 39008 Santander, Cantabria, Spain
| | - Stuart H Isaacson
- Parkinson’s Disease and Movement Disorders Center of Boca Raton, Boca Raton, FL 33486, USA
| | - Serge Jauma
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | | | - Gregor Kuhlenbäumer
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, Campus Kiel, 24105 Kiel, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Andrea Kühn
- Movement Disorder and Neuromodulation Unit, Department of Neurology, Charité, University Medicine Berlin, 10117 Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Irene Litvan
- Parkinson and Other Movement Disorders Center, University of California San Diego Health, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92037, USA
| | - Lydia López-Manzanares
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Unit, La Princesa University Hospital, 28006 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - McKenzie Luxmore
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | | | - Veronique Marcaud
- Department of Neurology, Saint Joseph Hospital, 75014 Paris, Île-de-France, France
| | - Katerina Markopoulou
- Department of Neurology, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
- Department of Neurology, Pritzker School of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
| | - Connie Marras
- The Edmond J Safra Program in Parkinson’s Disease, Toronto Western Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2S8, Canada
| | | | - Michele Matarazzo
- HM CINAC (Centro Integral de Neurociencias Abarca Campal), Fundación Hospitales de Madrid, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, HM Hospitales, 28938 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marcelo Merello
- Movement Disorders Service FLENI, CONICET, C1428 Buenos Aires, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires (CABA), Argentina
| | - Brit Mollenhauer
- Paracelsus-Elena-Klinik, 34128 Kassel, Hesse, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Centre Göttingen, 37075 Göttingen, Lower Saxony, Germany
| | - John C Morgan
- Movement & Memory Disorder Programs, Department of Neurology, Augusta University Medical Center, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Stephen Mullin
- Institute of Translational and Stratified Medicine, University of Plymouth School of Medicine, Plymouth, Devon PL6 8BU, UK
| | - Thomas Musacchio
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Würzburg, 97080 Würzburg, Bavaria, Germany
| | | | - Anna Negrotti
- Department of General and Specialized Medicine, Neurology Unit, University Hospital of Parma, 43126 Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | | | - Zeev Nitsan
- Department of Neurology, Barzilai Medical Center, 78278 Ashkelon, Southern District, Israel
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of the Negev, 84105 Beer-Sheva, Southern District, Israel
| | - Nader Oskooilar
- Pharmacology Research Institute, Newport Beach, CA 92660, USA
| | - Özgür Öztop-Çakmak
- Department of Neurology, Koç University, 34450 Istanbul, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gian Pal
- Department of Neurology, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
| | - Nicola Pavese
- Clinical Ageing Research Unit, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, Tyne and Wear NE4 5PL, UK
| | - Antonio Percesepe
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, 43126 Parma, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Tommaso Piccoli
- Unit of Neurology, Department of Biomedicine, Neurosciences and advanced Diagnostics (BiND), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Sicily, Italy
| | - Carolina Pinto de Souza
- Department of Neurology, São Francisco Hospital, University of São Paulo, 01236-030 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Tino Prell
- Department of Neurology, Jena University Hospital, 07747 Jena, Thuringia, Germany
- Department of Geriatrics, Halle University Hospital, 06120 Halle, Saxony-Anhalt, Germany
| | - Mark Pulera
- Pharmacology Research Institute, Encino, CA 91316, USA
| | - Jason Raw
- Clinical Research Unit, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Oldham, Greater Manchester OL1 2JH, UK
| | - Kathrin Reetz
- Department of Neurology, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- JARA-BRAIN Institute Molecular Neuroscience and Neuroimaging, Research Centre Jülich, 52428 Jülich, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Johnathan Reiner
- Department of Neurology, Movement Disorders Clinic, Rabin Medical Center-Beilinson Hospital, 49100 Petach Tikva, Central District, Israel
- Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, 6997801 Tel Aviv, Tel Aviv District, Israel
| | - David Rosenberg
- Pharmacology Research Institute, Los Alamitos, CA 90720, USA
| | - Marta Ruiz-Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cruces, Biocruces Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Javier Ruiz Martinez
- Department of Neurology, Hospital Universitario Donostia, 20014 San Sebastian, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Esther Sammler
- Medical Research Council Protein Phosphorylation and Ubiquitylation Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 9SY, UK
| | | | | | - Ilana Schlesinger
- Rambam Health Care Campus, Technion Faculty of Medicine, 31096 Haifa, Haifa District, Israel
| | - Christine M Schofield
- Research and Development Unit, Royal Cornwall Hospitals Trust, Truro, Cornwall TR1 3LJ, UK
| | - Artur F Schumacher-Schuh
- Neurological Services, Clinical Hospital of Porto Alegre, 90035-903 Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Burton Scott
- Department of Neurology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC 27710, USA
| | - Ángel Sesar
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, 15706 Santiago de Compostela, Galicia, Spain
| | - Stuart J Shafer
- Vero Beach Neurology and Research Institute, Vero Beach, FL 32960, USA
| | - Ray Sheridan
- Geriatric Medicine, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, Devon EX2 5DW, UK
| | - Monty Silverdale
- Division of Neurology, Salford Royal NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, University of Manchester, Manchester, Greater Manchester M6 8HD, UK
| | - Rani Sophia
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Yeovil Hospital, Yeovil, Somerset BA21 4AT, UK
| | - Mariana Spitz
- Neurology, Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, 20551-030 Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pantelis Stathis
- Department of Neurology, Mediterraneo Hospital, 166 75 Glyfada-Athens, Attica, Greece
| | - Fabrizio Stocchi
- University and Institute for Research and Medical Care, IRCCS San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Michele Tagliati
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK
| | - Yen F Tai
- Division of Medicine and Integrated Care, Charing Cross Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare Trust, London W6 8RF, UK
| | | | - Sven Thonke
- Department of Neurology, Klinikum Hanau, 63450 Hanau, Hesse, Germany
| | - Lars Tönges
- Department of Neurology, St. Josef-Hospital and Neurodegeneration Research, Protein Research Unit Ruhr (PURE), Ruhr University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
- Neurodegeneration Research, Protein Research Unit Ruhr (PURE), Ruhr University Bochum, 44791 Bochum, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany
| | - Giulia Toschi
- Neurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Vitor Tumas
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavioral Sciences, Ribeirao Preto Medical School of University of São Paulo, 14049-900 São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter Paul Urban
- Department of Neurology, Asklepios Klinik Barmbek, 22307 Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Laura Vacca
- University and Institute for Research and Medical Care, IRCCS San Raffaele, 00166 Rome, Lazio, Italy
| | - Wim Vandenberghe
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
- Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, 3000 Leuven, Flanders, Belgium
| | - Enza Maria Valente
- Neurogenetics Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Lombardy, Italy
| | - Franco Valzania
- Neurology Unit, Neuromotor and Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Unità Sanitaria Locale-IRCCS di Reggio Emilia, 42122 Reggio Emilia, Emilia-Romagna, Italy
| | - Lydia Vela-Desojo
- Neurology Unit, Hospital Fundación Alcorcón, 28922 Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Caroline Weill
- Neurogenetics Research Center, IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - David Weise
- Department of Neurology, Asklepios Fachklinikum Stadtroda, 07646 Stadtroda, Thuringia, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Saxony, Germany
| | | | - Martin Wolz
- Department of Neurology, Elblandklinikum Meißen, 01662 Meißen, Saxony, Germany
| | - Gilad Yahalom
- Department of Neurology and the Movement Disorders Unit, Shaare Zedek Medical Center, 9103102 Jerusalem, Jerusalem District, Israel
| | - Gul Yalcin-Cakmakli
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Hacettepe University, 06100 Ankara, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Simone Zittel
- Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, 20246 Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Yair Zlotnik
- Neurology Department, Soroka University Medical Center, 84101 Beer Sheva, Southern District, Israel
| | | | - Alexander Balck
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Henrike Hanssen
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Max Borsche
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Lara M Lange
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Ilona Csoti
- Neurology Service, Hospital Universitari de Bellvitge, 08907 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Katja Lohmann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Meike Kasten
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Norbert Brüggemann
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Arndt Rolfs
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
| | - Christine Klein
- Institute of Neurogenetics, University of Lübeck, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein, 23538 Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein, Germany
| | - Peter Bauer
- CENTOGENE GmbH, 18055 Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, Germany
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Sharma R, Bisht P, Kesharwani A, Murti K, Kumar N. Epigenetic modifications in Parkinson's disease: A critical review. Eur J Pharmacol 2024; 975:176641. [PMID: 38754537 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2024.176641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder expected to increase by over 50% by 2030 due to increasing life expectancy. The disease's hallmarks include slow movement, tremors, and postural instability. Impaired protein processing is a major factor in the pathophysiology of PD, leading to the buildup of aberrant protein aggregates, particularly misfolded α-synuclein, also known as Lewy bodies. These Lewy bodies lead to inflammation and further death of dopaminergic neurons, leading to imbalances in excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, causing excessive uncontrollable movements called dyskinesias. It was previously suggested that a complex interplay involving hereditary and environmental variables causes the specific death of neurons in PD; however, the exact mechanism of the association involving the two primary modifiers is yet unknown. An increasing amount of research points to the involvement of epigenetics in the onset and course of several neurological conditions, such as PD. DNA methylation, post-modifications of histones, and non-coding RNAs are the primary examples of epigenetic alterations, that is defined as alterations to the expression of genes and functioning without modifications in DNA sequence. Epigenetic modifications play a significant role in the development of PD, with genes such as Parkin, PTEN-induced kinase 1 (PINK1), DJ1, Leucine-Rich Repeat Kinase 2 (LRRK2), and alpha-synuclein associated with the disease. The aberrant epigenetic changes implicated in the pathophysiology of PD and their impact on the design of novel therapeutic approaches are the primary focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravikant Sharma
- Research Unit of Biomedicine and Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Aapistie 5, 90220, Oulu, Finland
| | - Priya Bisht
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institution of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Anuradha Kesharwani
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institution of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Krishna Murti
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, National Institution of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India
| | - Nitesh Kumar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institution of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Hajipur, Vaishali, 844102, Bihar, India.
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Klokkaris A, Migdalska-Richards A. An Overview of Epigenetic Changes in the Parkinson's Disease Brain. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6168. [PMID: 38892355 PMCID: PMC11172855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25116168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder, predominantly of the motor system. Although some genetic components and cellular mechanisms of Parkinson's have been identified, much is still unknown. In recent years, emerging evidence has indicated that non-DNA-sequence variation (in particular epigenetic mechanisms) is likely to play a crucial role in the development and progression of the disease. Here, we present an up-to-date overview of epigenetic processes including DNA methylation, DNA hydroxymethylation, histone modifications and non-coding RNAs implicated in the brain of those with Parkinson's disease. We will also discuss the limitations of current epigenetic research in Parkinson's disease, the advantages of simultaneously studying genetics and epigenetics, and putative novel epigenetic therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anna Migdalska-Richards
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter, Exeter EX2 5DW, UK;
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Słowikowski B, Owecki W, Jeske J, Jezierski M, Draguła M, Goutor U, Jagodziński PP, Kozubski W, Dorszewska J. Epigenetics and the neurodegenerative process. Epigenomics 2024; 16:473-491. [PMID: 38511224 DOI: 10.2217/epi-2023-0416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Neurological diseases are multifactorial, genetic and environmental. Environmental factors such as diet, physical activity and emotional state are epigenetic factors. Environmental markers are responsible for epigenetic modifications. The effect of epigenetic changes is increased inflammation of the nervous system and neuronal damage. In recent years, it has been shown that epigenetic changes may cause an increased risk of neurological disorders but, currently, the relationship between epigenetic modifications and neurodegeneration remains unclear. This review summarizes current knowledge about neurological disorders caused by epigenetic changes in diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, stroke and epilepsy. Advances in epigenetic techniques may be key to understanding the epigenetics of central changes in neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Słowikowski
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Wojciech Owecki
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Jan Jeske
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Michał Jezierski
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Michał Draguła
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Ulyana Goutor
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Paweł P Jagodziński
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Wojciech Kozubski
- Chair & Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
| | - Jolanta Dorszewska
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Neurology, Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Poznan, 61-701, Poland
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Bou Ghanem A, Hussayni Y, Kadbey R, Ratel Y, Yehya S, Khouzami L, Ghadieh HE, Kanaan A, Azar S, Harb F. Exploring the complexities of 1C metabolism: implications in aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Front Aging Neurosci 2024; 15:1322419. [PMID: 38239489 PMCID: PMC10794399 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1322419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
The intricate interplay of one-carbon metabolism (OCM) with various cellular processes has garnered substantial attention due to its fundamental implications in several biological processes. OCM serves as a pivotal hub for methyl group donation in vital biochemical reactions, influencing DNA methylation, protein synthesis, and redox balance. In the context of aging, OCM dysregulation can contribute to epigenetic modifications and aberrant redox states, accentuating cellular senescence and age-associated pathologies. Furthermore, OCM's intricate involvement in cancer progression is evident through its capacity to provide essential one-carbon units crucial for nucleotide synthesis and DNA methylation, thereby fueling uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumor development. In neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's, perturbations in OCM pathways are implicated in the dysregulation of neurotransmitter synthesis and mitochondrial dysfunction, contributing to disease pathophysiology. This review underscores the profound impact of OCM in diverse disease contexts, reinforcing the need for a comprehensive understanding of its molecular complexities to pave the way for targeted therapeutic interventions across inflammation, aging and neurodegenerative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayman Bou Ghanem
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Yaman Hussayni
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Raghid Kadbey
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Yara Ratel
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Shereen Yehya
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Lara Khouzami
- College of Natural and Health Sciences, Zayed University, Dubai, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hilda E. Ghadieh
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
- AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amjad Kanaan
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Sami Azar
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
| | - Frederic Harb
- Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of Balamand, Tripoli, Lebanon
- AUB Diabetes, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
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Gionco JT, Bernstein AI. Emerging Role of Environmental Epitranscriptomics and RNA Modifications in Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2024; 14:643-656. [PMID: 38578904 PMCID: PMC11191529 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-230457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
Environmental risk factors and gene-environment interactions play a critical role in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the relatively large contribution of environmental risk factors in the overwhelming majority of PD cases has been widely neglected in the field. A "PD prevention agenda" proposed in this journal laid out a set of research priorities focused on preventing PD through modification of environmental risk factors. This agenda includes a call for preclinical studies to employ new high-throughput methods for analyzing transcriptomics and epigenomics to provide a deeper understanding of the effects of exposures linked to PD. Here, we focus on epitranscriptomics as a novel area of research with the potential to add to our understanding of the interplay between genes and environmental exposures in PD. Both epigenetics and epitranscriptomics have been recognized as potential mediators of the complex relationship between genes, environment, and disease. Multiple studies have identified epigenetic alterations, such as DNA methylation, associated with PD and PD-related exposures in human studies and preclinical models. In addition, recent technological advancements have made it possible to study epitranscriptomic RNA modifications, such as RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A), and a handful of recent studies have begun to explore epitranscriptomics in PD-relevant exposure models. Continued exploration of epitranscriptomic mechanisms in environmentally relevant PD models offers the opportunity to identify biomarkers, pre-degenerative changes that precede symptom onset, and potential mitigation strategies for disease prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T. Gionco
- Graduate Program in Cell and Developmental Biology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Alison I. Bernstein
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
- Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences Institute, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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Chen YC, Liaw YC, Nfor ON, Hsiao CH, Zhong JH, Wu SL, Liaw YP. Epigenetic regulation of Parkinson's disease risk variant GPNMB cg17274742 methylation by sex and exercise from Taiwan Biobank. Front Aging Neurosci 2023; 15:1235840. [PMID: 37744396 PMCID: PMC10513104 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2023.1235840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Parkinson's disease (PD) is a complex neurodegenerative disease with an elusive etiology that involves the interaction between genetic, behavioral, and environmental factors. Recently, epigenetic modifications, particularly DNA methylation, have been recognized to play an important role in the onset of PD. Glycoprotein non-metastatic melanoma protein B (GPNMB), a type I transmembrane protein crucial for immune cell activation and maturation, has emerged as a potential biomarker for the risk of PD. This research aims to investigate the influence of exercise and gender on the regulation of methylation levels of GPNMB cg17274742 in individuals. Methods We analyze data from 2,474 participants in the Taiwan Biobank, collected from 2008 and 2016. Methylation levels at the GPNMB cg17274742 CpG site were measured using Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC beads. After excluding individuals with incomplete data or missing information on possible risk factors, our final analysis included 1,442 participants. We used multiple linear regression models to assess the association between sex and exercise with adjusted levels of GPNMB cg17274742 for age, BMI, smoking, drinking, coffee consumption, serum uric acid levels, and hypertension. Results Our results demonstrated that exercise significantly influenced the methylation levels of GPNMB cg17274742 in males (β = -0.00242; p = 0.0026), but not in females (β = -0.00002362; p = 0.9785). Furthermore, male participants who exercised showed significantly lower levels of methylation compared to the reference groups of the female and non-exercising reference groups (β = -0.00357; p = 0.0079). The effect of the interaction between gender and exercise on the methylation of GPNMB cg17274742 was statistically significant (p = 0.0078). Conclusion This study suggests that gender and exercise can modulate GPNMB cg17274742, with hypomethylation observed in exercise men. More research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms and implications of these epigenetic changes in the context of risk and prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen-Chung Chen
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chia Liaw
- Neurological Institute, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Oswald Ndi Nfor
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hsuan Hsiao
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ji-Han Zhong
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shey-Lin Wu
- Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Changhua National University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Po Liaw
- Department of Public Health and Institute of Public Health, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Imaging, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
- Institute of Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Zhang D, Zhang J, Wang Y, Wang G, Tang P, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Ouyang L. Targeting epigenetic modifications in Parkinson's disease therapy. Med Res Rev 2023; 43:1748-1777. [PMID: 37119043 DOI: 10.1002/med.21962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a multifactorial disease due to a complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors. Recent efforts shed new light on the epigenetic mechanisms involved in regulating pathways related to the development of PD, including DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications of histones, and the presence of microRNA (miRNA or miR). Epigenetic regulators are potential therapeutic targets for neurodegenerative disorders. In the review, we aim to summarize mechanisms of epigenetic regulation in PD, and describe how the DNA methyltransferases, histone deacetylases, and histone acetyltransferases that mediate the key processes of PD are attractive therapeutic targets. We discuss the use of inhibitors and/or activators of these regulators in PD models or patients, and how these small molecule epigenetic modulators elicit neuroprotective effects. Further more, given the importance of miRNAs in PD, their contributions to the underlying mechanisms of PD will be discussed as well, together with miRNA-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Jifa Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxi Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
- Targeted Tracer Research and Development Laboratory, Institute of Respiratory Health, Frontiers Science Center for Disease-Related Molecular Network, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Guan Wang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Pan Tang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Yiwen Zhang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Joint Research Institution of Altitude Health and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics,West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Sichuan, Chengdu, China
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Tsalenchuk M, Gentleman SM, Marzi SJ. Linking environmental risk factors with epigenetic mechanisms in Parkinson's disease. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2023; 9:123. [PMID: 37626097 PMCID: PMC10457362 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-023-00568-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disease, with a complex risk structure thought to be influenced by interactions between genetic variants and environmental exposures, although the full aetiology is unknown. Environmental factors, including pesticides, have been reported to increase the risk of developing the disease. Growing evidence suggests epigenetic changes are key mechanisms by which these environmental factors act upon gene regulation, in disease-relevant cell types. We present a systematic review critically appraising and summarising the current body of evidence of the relationship between epigenetic mechanisms and environmental risk factors in PD to inform future research in this area. Epigenetic studies of relevant environmental risk factors in animal and cell models have yielded promising results, however, research in humans is just emerging. While published studies in humans are currently relatively limited, the importance of the field for the elucidation of molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis opens clear and promising avenues for the future of PD research. Carefully designed epidemiological studies carried out in PD patients hold great potential to uncover disease-relevant gene regulatory mechanisms. Therefore, to advance this burgeoning field, we recommend broadening the scope of investigations to include more environmental exposures, increasing sample sizes, focusing on disease-relevant cell types, and recruiting more diverse cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Tsalenchuk
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Sarah J Marzi
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK.
- Department of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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10
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Neilson LE, Quinn JF, Lim MM. Screening and Targeting Risk Factors for Prodromal Synucleinopathy: Taking Steps toward a Prescriptive Multi-modal Framework. Aging Dis 2023; 14:1243-1263. [PMID: 37307836 PMCID: PMC10389816 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2022.1024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
As the prevalence of Parkinson's disease (PD) grows, so too does the population at-risk of developing PD, those in the so-called prodromal period. This period can span from those experiencing subtle motor deficits yet not meeting full diagnostic criteria or those with physiologic markers of disease alone. Several disease-modifying therapies have failed to show a neuroprotective effect. A common criticism is that neurodegeneration, even in the early motor stages, has advanced too far for neuro-restoration-based interventions to be effective. Therefore, identifying this early population is essential. Once identified, these patients could then potentially benefit from sweeping lifestyle modifications to alter their disease trajectory. Herein, we review the literature on risk factors for, and prodromal symptoms of, PD with an emphasis on ones which may be modifiable in the earliest possible stages. We propose a process for identifying this population and speculate on some strategies which may modulate disease trajectory. Ultimately, this proposal warrants prospective studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee E Neilson
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Joseph F Quinn
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
| | - Miranda M Lim
- Department of Neurology, Veterans Affairs Portland Healthcare System, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
- Department of Neurology, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA
- Department of Behavioral Neuroscience, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
- Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health and Science University, Portland, OR 97239, USA.
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Uppala SN, Tryphena KP, Naren P, Srivastava S, Singh SB, Khatri DK. Involvement of miRNA on Epigenetics landscape of Parkinson's disease: From pathogenesis to therapeutics. Mech Ageing Dev 2023:111826. [PMID: 37268278 DOI: 10.1016/j.mad.2023.111826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The development of novel therapeutics for the effective management of Parkinson's disease (PD) is undertaken seriously by the scientific community as the burden of PD continues to increase. Several molecular pathways are being explored to identify novel therapeutic targets. Epigenetics is strongly implicated in several neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs) including PD. Several epigenetic mechanisms were found to dysregulated in various studies. These mechanisms are regulated by several miRNAs which are associated with a variety of pathogenic mechanisms in PD. This concept is extensively investigated in several cancers but not well documented in PD. Identifying the miRNAs with dual role i.e., regulation of epigenetic mechanisms as well as modulation of proteins implicated in the pathogenesis of PD could pave way for the development of novel therapeutics to target them. These miRNAs could also serve as potential biomarkers and can be useful in the early diagnosis or assessment of disease severity. In this article we would like to discuss about various epigenetic changes operating in PD and how miRNAs are involved in the regulation of these mechanisms and their potential to be novel therapeutic targets in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai Nikhil Uppala
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad, Telangana-500037
| | - Kamatham Pushpa Tryphena
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad, Telangana-500037
| | - Padmashri Naren
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad, Telangana-500037
| | - Saurabh Srivastava
- Department of Pharmaceutics, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad, Telangana-500037
| | - Shashi Bala Singh
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad, Telangana-500037.
| | - Dharmendra Kumar Khatri
- Molecular and cellular neuroscience lab, Department of pharmacology and toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)- Hyderabad, Telangana-500037.
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12
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Hill RA, Gibbons A, Han U, Suwakulsiri W, Taseska A, Hammet F, Southey M, Malhotra A, Fahey M, Palmer KR, Hunt RW, Lim I, Newman-Morris V, Sundram S. Maternal SARS-CoV-2 exposure alters infant DNA methylation. Brain Behav Immun Health 2023; 27:100572. [PMID: 36570792 PMCID: PMC9758784 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Infection during pregnancy can increase the risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in offspring. The impact of maternal SARS-CoV-2 infection on infant neurodevelopment is poorly understood. The maternal immune response to infection may be mimicked in rodent models of maternal immune activation which recapitulate altered neurodevelopment and behavioural disturbances in the offspring. In these models, epigenetic mechanisms, in particular DNA methylation, are one pathway through which this risk is conferred in utero to offspring. We hypothesised that in utero exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in humans may alter infant DNA methylation, particularly in genes associated with neurodevelopment. We aimed to test this hypothesis in a pilot sample of children in Victoria, Australia, who were exposed in utero to SARS-CoV-2. Methods DNA was extracted from buccal swab specimens from (n = 4) SARS-CoV-2 in utero exposed and (n = 4) non-exposed infants and methylation status assessed across 850,000 methylation sites using an Illumina EPIC BeadChip. We also conducted an exploratory enrichment analysis using Gene Ontology annotations. Results 1962 hypermethylated CpG sites were identified with an unadjusted p-value of 0.05, where 1133 CpGs mapped to 959 unique protein coding genes, and 716 hypomethylated CpG sites mapped to 559 unique protein coding genes in SARS-CoV-2 exposed infants compared to non-exposed. One differentially methylated position (cg06758191), located in the gene body of AFAP1 that was hypomethylated in the SARS-CoV-2 exposed cohort was significant after correction for multiple testing (FDR-adjusted p-value <0.00083). Two significant differentially methylated regions were identified; a hypomethylated intergenic region located in chromosome 6p proximal to the genes ZP57 and HLA-F (fwer <0.004), and a hypomethylated region in the promoter and body of the gene GAREM2 (fwer <0.036). Gene network enrichment analysis revealed differential methylation in genes corresponding to pathways relevant to neurodevelopment, including the ERBB pathway. Conclusion These pilot data suggest that exposure to SARS-CoV-2 in utero differentially alters methylation of genes in pathways that play a role in human neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel A. Hill
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew Gibbons
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Uni Han
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Angela Taseska
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Fleur Hammet
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa Southey
- Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Melbourne Medical School, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Atul Malhotra
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Fahey
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kirsten R. Palmer
- Monash Women's, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rod W. Hunt
- Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Izaak Lim
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Early in Life Mental Health Service, Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vesna Newman-Morris
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Early in Life Mental Health Service, Monash Health, Monash Medical Centre, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suresh Sundram
- Department of Psychiatry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
- Mental Health Program, Monash Health, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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13
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Yazar V, Dawson VL, Dawson TM, Kang SU. DNA Methylation Signature of Aging: Potential Impact on the Pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease. JOURNAL OF PARKINSON'S DISEASE 2023; 13:145-164. [PMID: 36710687 PMCID: PMC10041453 DOI: 10.3233/jpd-223517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Regulation of gene expression by epigenetic modifications means lasting and heritable changes in the function of genes without alterations in the DNA sequence. Of all epigenetic mechanisms identified thus far, DNA methylation has been of particular interest in both aging and age-related disease research over the last decade given the consistency of site-specific DNA methylation changes during aging that can predict future health and lifespan. An increasing line of evidence has implied the dynamic nature of DNA (de)methylation events that occur throughout the lifespan has a role in the pathophysiology of aging and age-associated neurodegenerative conditions, including Parkinson's disease (PD). In this regard, PD methylome shows, to some extent, similar genome-wide changes observed in the methylome of healthy individuals of matching age. In this review, we start by providing a brief overview of studies outlining global patterns of DNA methylation, then its mechanisms and regulation, within the context of aging and PD. Considering diverging lines of evidence from different experimental and animal models of neurodegeneration and how they combine to shape our current understanding of tissue-specific changes in DNA methylome in health and disease, we report a high-level comparison of the genomic methylation landscapes of brain, with an emphasis on dopaminergic neurons in PD and in natural aging. We believe this will be particularly useful for systematically dissecting overlapping genome-wide alterations in DNA methylation during PD and healthy aging, and for improving our knowledge of PD-specific changes in methylation patterns independent of aging process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volkan Yazar
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Valina L Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Physiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Ted M Dawson
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and and Molecular Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Adrienne Helis Malvin Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
- Diana Helis Henry Medical Research Foundation, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Sung-Ung Kang
- Neuroregeneration and Stem Cell Programs, Institute for Cell Engineering, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Solomon H. Snyder Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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14
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Rodrigues-Costa M, Fernandes MSDS, Jurema-Santos GC, Gonçalves LVDP, Andrade-da-Costa BLDS. Nutrigenomics in Parkinson's disease: diversity of modulatory actions of polyphenols on epigenetic effects induced by toxins. Nutr Neurosci 2023; 26:72-84. [PMID: 36625764 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2021.2017662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Although the pathogenesis of Parkinson's Disease (PD) is not completely understood, there is a consensus that it can be caused by multifactorial mechanisms involving genetic susceptibility, epigenetic modifications induced by toxins and mitochondrial dysfunction. In the past 20 years, great efforts have been made in order to clarify molecular mechanisms that are risk factors for this disease, as well as to identify bioactive agents for prevention and slowing down of its progression. Nutraceutical products have received substantial interest due to their nutritional, safe and therapeutic effects on several chronic diseases. The aim of this review was to gather the main evidence of the epigenetic mechanisms involved in the neuroprotective effects of phenolic compounds currently under investigation for the treatment of toxin-induced PD. These studies confirm that the neuroprotective actions of polyphenols involve complex epigenetic modulations, demonstrating that the intake of these natural compounds can be a promising, low-cost, pharmacogenomic strategy against the development of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moara Rodrigues-Costa
- Programa de Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Matheus Santos de Sousa Fernandes
- Programa de Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Departamento de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | | | | | - Belmira Lara da Silveira Andrade-da-Costa
- Programa de Neuropsiquiatria e Ciências do Comportamento, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil.,Departamento de Fisiologia e Farmacologia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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15
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Mori H, Yoshino Y, Ueno M, Funahashi Y, Kumon H, Ozaki Y, Yamazaki K, Ochi S, Iga J, Ueno S. Blood MAPT expression and methylation status in Alzheimer's disease. PCN REPORTS : PSYCHIATRY AND CLINICAL NEUROSCIENCES 2022; 1:e65. [PMID: 38868661 PMCID: PMC11114303 DOI: 10.1002/pcn5.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2024]
Abstract
Aim This study aimed to investigate the expression levels and methylation status of microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) in the blood of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and age- and sex-matched healthy controls. Methods Fifty AD outpatients and 50 healthy contorls were enrolled. Blood samples were collected for processing of complementary DNA and genomic DNA. MAPT messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) expression was analyzed by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. The methylation rates of four cytosine-phosphate-guanine (CpG) sites in the upstream region of MAPT exon1 were evaluated by the pyrosequencing method. Results No significant differences in MAPT mRNA expression levels were found between AD and control subjects (AD 0.97 ± 0.49 vs. control 1.0 ± 0.64, p = 0.62). MAPT mRNA expression levels were not correlated with any other clinical characteristics or results of psychological tests. MAPT mRNA expression levels were significantly higher in AD subjects treated with acetylcholinesterase inhibitors (AchEIs) (n = 25) than in subjects not treated with AChEIs (n = 25) (unmedicated 0.83 ± 0.33 vs. medicated 1.12 ± 0.59, p = 0.049). The AD subjects did not differ from the control subjects in methylation rates at selected CpG sites. MAPT methylation status were not correlated with clinical characteristics, the results of psychological tests, or MAPT mRNA expression. Conclusion MAPT mRNA expression levels and methylation status in blood do not appear useful as biomarkers for AD or the examined CpG sites were not genetically significant for MAPT gene expression or AD pathology. However, AChEIs may alter MAPT mRNA expression. Further studies are needed to explore blood biomarkers that can discriminate AD patients from controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Mori
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and FunctionEhime University Graduate School of Medicine, ShitsukawaToonEhimeJapan
| | - Yuta Yoshino
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and FunctionEhime University Graduate School of Medicine, ShitsukawaToonEhimeJapan
| | - Mariko Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and FunctionEhime University Graduate School of Medicine, ShitsukawaToonEhimeJapan
| | - Yu Funahashi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and FunctionEhime University Graduate School of Medicine, ShitsukawaToonEhimeJapan
| | - Hiroshi Kumon
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and FunctionEhime University Graduate School of Medicine, ShitsukawaToonEhimeJapan
| | - Yuki Ozaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and FunctionEhime University Graduate School of Medicine, ShitsukawaToonEhimeJapan
| | - Kiyohiro Yamazaki
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and FunctionEhime University Graduate School of Medicine, ShitsukawaToonEhimeJapan
| | - Shinichiro Ochi
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and FunctionEhime University Graduate School of Medicine, ShitsukawaToonEhimeJapan
| | - Jun‐ichi Iga
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and FunctionEhime University Graduate School of Medicine, ShitsukawaToonEhimeJapan
| | - Shu‐ichi Ueno
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Molecules and FunctionEhime University Graduate School of Medicine, ShitsukawaToonEhimeJapan
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Parkinson's disease-associated, sex-specific changes in DNA methylation at PARK7 (DJ-1), SLC17A6 (VGLUT2), PTPRN2 (IA-2β), and NR4A2 (NURR1) in cortical neurons. NPJ Parkinsons Dis 2022; 8:120. [PMID: 36151217 PMCID: PMC9508164 DOI: 10.1038/s41531-022-00355-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence for epigenetic regulation playing a role in Parkinson's disease (PD) is growing, particularly for DNA methylation. Approximately 90% of PD cases are due to a complex interaction between age, genes, and environmental factors, and epigenetic marks are thought to mediate the relationship between aging, genetics, the environment, and disease risk. To date, there are a small number of published genome-wide studies of DNA methylation in PD, but none accounted for cell type or sex in their analyses. Given the heterogeneity of bulk brain tissue samples and known sex differences in PD risk, progression, and severity, these are critical variables to account for. In this genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation in an enriched neuronal population from PD postmortem parietal cortex, we report sex-specific PD-associated methylation changes in PARK7 (DJ-1), SLC17A6 (VGLUT2), PTPRN2 (IA-2β), NR4A2 (NURR1), and other genes involved in developmental pathways, neurotransmitter packaging and release, and axon and neuron projection guidance.
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17
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Chen X, Yang Z, Shao Y, Kim K, Wang Y, Wang Y, Wu H, Xu X, Le W. Pitx3 deficiency promotes age-dependent alterations in striatal medium spiny neurons. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:960479. [PMID: 36158557 PMCID: PMC9490232 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.960479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The classical motor symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) are tightly linked to the gradual loss of dopamine within the striatum. Concomitantly, medium spiny neurons (MSNs) also experience morphological changes, such as reduced dendritic complexity and spine density, which may be potentially associated with motor dysfunction as well. Thus, MSNs may serve as the emerging targets for PD therapy besides the midbrain dopaminergic neurons. Results To comprehensively examine pathological alterations of MSNs longitudinally, we established a TH Cre/ Pitx3 fl/fl (Pitx3cKO ) mouse model that developed canonical PD features, including a significant loss of SNc DAergic neurons and motor deficits. During aging, the targeted neurotransmitter, MSNs morphology and DNA methylation profile were significantly altered upon Pitx3 deficiency. Specifically, dopamine, GABA and glutamate decreased in the model at the early stage. While nuclear, soma and dendritic atrophy, as well as nuclear invaginations increased in the aged MSNs of Pitx3cko mice. Furthermore, more nuclear DNA damages were characterized in MSNs during aging, and Pitx3 deficiency aggravated this phenomenon, together with alterations of DNA methylation profiling associated with lipoprotein and nucleus pathway at the late stage. Conclusion The early perturbations of the neurotransmitters within MSNs may potentially contribute to the alterations of metabolism, morphology and epigenetics within the striatum at the late stage, which may provide new perspectives on the diagnosis and pathogenesis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Zhaofei Yang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yaping Shao
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Kunhyok Kim
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Ying Wang
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haifeng Wu
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaolan Xu
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
| | - Weidong Le
- Institute of Neurology, Sichuan Provincial People’s Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
- Sichuan Translational Medicine Research Hospital, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chengdu, China
- Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory for Research on the Pathogenic Mechanisms of Neurological Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
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18
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Li D, Liang J, Guo W, Zhang Y, Wu X, Zhang W. Integrative analysis of DNA methylation and gene expression data for the diagnosis and underlying mechanism of Parkinson’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:971528. [PMID: 36062142 PMCID: PMC9434001 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.971528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common progressive neurodegenerative disorder and the leading cause of disability in the daily activities. In the management of PD, accurate and specific biomarkers in blood for the early diagnosis of PD are urgently needed. DNA methylation is one of the main epigenetic mechanisms and associated with the gene expression and disease initiation of PD. We aimed to construct a methylation signature for the diagnosis of PD patients, and explore the potential value of DNA methylation in therapeutic options.Materials and methodsWhole blood DNA methylation and gene expression data of PD patients as well as healthy controls were extracted from Gene Expression Omnibus database. Next, differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially methylated genes (DMGs) between PD patients and healthy controls were identified. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator cox regression analysis was carried out to construct a diagnostic signature based on the overlapped genes. And, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were drawn and the area under the curve (AUC) was used to assess the diagnostic performance of the signature in both the training and testing datasets. Finally, gene ontology and gene set enrichment analysis were subsequently carried out to explore the underlying mechanisms.ResultsWe obtained a total of 9,596 DMGs, 1,058 DEGs, and 237 overlapped genes in the whole blood between PD patients and healthy controls. Eight methylation-driven genes (HIST1H4L, CDC42EP3, KIT, GNLY, SLC22A1, GCM1, INO80B, and ARHGAP26) were identified to construct the gene expression signature. The AUCs in predicting PD patients were 0.84 and 0.76 in training dataset and testing dataset, respectively. Additionally, eight methylation-altered CpGs were also identified to construct the CpGs signature which showed a similarly robust diagnostic capability, with AUCs of 0.8 and 0.73 in training dataset and testing dataset, respectively.ConclusionWe conducted an integrated analysis of the gene expression and DNA methylation data, and constructed a methylation-driven genes signature and a methylation-altered CpGs signature to distinguish the patients with PD from healthy controls. Both of them had a robust prediction power and provide a new insight into personalized diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ding Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Tumor Precision Medicine and Comprehensive Evaluation, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Research, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiaming Liang
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenbin Guo
- Department of Pathology, Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area Hospital, Fuzhou, China
| | - Yongna Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Tumor Precision Medicine and Comprehensive Evaluation, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Research, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuan Wu
- Academy of Medical Science, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Wenzhou Zhang,
| | - Wenzhou Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Engineering Research Center for Tumor Precision Medicine and Comprehensive Evaluation, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Henan Provincial Key Laboratory of Anticancer Drug Research, Henan Cancer Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
- Xuan Wu,
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19
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Elevated BICD2 DNA methylation in blood of major depressive disorder patients and reduction of depressive-like behaviors in hippocampal Bicd2-knockdown mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2201967119. [PMID: 35858435 PMCID: PMC9335189 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2201967119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent and devastating mental illness. To date, the diagnosis of MDD is largely dependent on clinical interviews and questionnaires and still lacks a reliable biomarker. DNA methylation has a stable and reversible nature and is likely associated with the course and therapeutic efficacy of complex diseases, which may play an important role in the etiology of a disease. Here, we identified and validated a DNA methylation biomarker for MDD from four independent cohorts of the Chinese Han population. First, we integrated the analysis of the DNA methylation microarray (n = 80) and RNA expression microarray data (n = 40) and identified BICD2 as the top-ranked gene. In the replication phase, we employed the Sequenom MassARRAY method to confirm the DNA hypermethylation change in a large sample size (n = 1,346) and used the methylation-sensitive restriction enzymes and a quantitative PCR approach (MSE-qPCR) and qPCR method to confirm the correlation between DNA hypermethylation and mRNA down-regulation of BICD2 (n = 60). The results were replicated in the peripheral blood of mice with depressive-like behaviors, while in the hippocampus of mice, Bicd2 showed DNA hypomethylation and mRNA/protein up-regulation. Hippocampal Bicd2 knockdown demonstrates antidepressant action in the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) mouse model of depression, which may be mediated by increased BDNF expression. Our study identified a potential DNA methylation biomarker and investigated its functional implications, which could be exploited to improve the diagnosis and treatment of MDD.
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20
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Gao XY, Yang T, Gu Y, Sun XH. Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Parkinson’s Disease: From Mechanistic Insights to Therapy. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:885500. [PMID: 35795234 PMCID: PMC9250984 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.885500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative movement disorders worldwide. There are currently no cures or preventative treatments for PD. Emerging evidence indicates that mitochondrial dysfunction is closely associated with pathogenesis of sporadic and familial PD. Because dopaminergic neurons have high energy demand, cells affected by PD exhibit mitochondrial dysfunction that promotes the disease-defining the loss of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc). The mitochondrion has a particularly important role as the cellular “powerhouse” of dopaminergic neurons. Therefore, mitochondria have become a promising therapeutic target for PD treatments. This review aims to describe mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathology of PD, outline the genes associated with familial PD and the factors related to sporadic PD, summarize current knowledge on mitochondrial quality control in PD, and give an overview of therapeutic strategies for targeting mitochondria in neuroprotective interventions in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yan Gao
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Tuo Yang
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ying Gu
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Sun
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Science Experiment Center, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- *Correspondence: Xiao-Hong Sun,
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21
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Iakovenko EV, Abramycheva NY, Fedotova EY, Illarioshkin SN. Methylation of MAPT Gene in Neurodegenerative Synucleinopathies. RUSS J GENET+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795422050118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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22
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Chen R, Liu J, Li S, Li X, Huo Y, Yao YG, Xiao X, Li M, Luo XJ. Functional genomics elucidates regulatory mechanisms of Parkinson's disease-associated variants. BMC Med 2022; 20:68. [PMID: 35168626 PMCID: PMC8848643 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02264-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified multiple risk loci for Parkinson's disease (PD). However, identifying the functional (or potential causal) variants in the reported risk loci and elucidating their roles in PD pathogenesis remain major challenges. To identify the potential causal (or functional) variants in the reported PD risk loci and to elucidate their regulatory mechanisms, we report a functional genomics study of PD. METHODS We first integrated chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing (ChIP-Seq) (from neuronal cells and human brain tissues) data and GWAS-identified single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in PD risk loci. We then conducted a series of experiments and analyses to validate the regulatory effects of these (i.e., functional) SNPs, including reporter gene assays, allele-specific expression (ASE), transcription factor (TF) knockdown, CRISPR-Cas9-mediated genome editing, and expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) analysis. RESULTS We identified 44 SNPs (from 11 risk loci) affecting the binding of 12 TFs and we validated the regulatory effects of 15 TF binding-disrupting SNPs. In addition, we also identified the potential target genes regulated by these TF binding-disrupting SNPs through eQTL analysis. Finally, we showed that 4 eQTL genes of these TF binding-disrupting SNPs were dysregulated in PD cases compared with controls. CONCLUSION Our study systematically reveals the gene regulatory mechanisms of PD risk variants (including widespread disruption of CTCF binding), generates the landscape of potential PD causal variants, and pinpoints promising candidate genes for further functional characterization and drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,Kunming College of Life Science, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650204, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiewei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Shiwu Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Yongxia Huo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Yong-Gang Yao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China
| | - Ming Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.,CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiong-Jian Luo
- Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of the Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China. .,Zhongda Hospital, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Advanced Institute for Life and Health, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, Jiangsu, China. .,KIZ-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Bioresources and Molecular Research in Common Diseases, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China. .,Center for Excellence in Animal Evolution and Genetics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, 650223, Yunnan, China.
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23
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Kaur G, Rathod SSS, Ghoneim MM, Alshehri S, Ahmad J, Mishra A, Alhakamy NA. DNA Methylation: A Promising Approach in Management of Alzheimer's Disease and Other Neurodegenerative Disorders. BIOLOGY 2022; 11:90. [PMID: 35053088 PMCID: PMC8773419 DOI: 10.3390/biology11010090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation, in the mammalian genome, is an epigenetic modification that involves the transfer of a methyl group on the C5 position of cytosine to derive 5-methylcytosine. The role of DNA methylation in the development of the nervous system and the progression of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease has been an interesting research area. Furthermore, mutations altering DNA methylation affect neurodevelopmental functions and may cause the progression of several neurodegenerative diseases. Epigenetic modifications in neurodegenerative diseases are widely studied in different populations to uncover the plausible mechanisms contributing to the development and progression of the disease and detect novel biomarkers for early prognosis and future pharmacotherapeutic targets. In this manuscript, we summarize the association of DNA methylation with the pathogenesis of the most common neurodegenerative diseases, such as, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington diseases, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, and discuss the potential of DNA methylation as a potential biomarker and therapeutic tool for neurogenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gagandeep Kaur
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (G.K.); (S.S.S.R.)
| | - Suraj Singh S. Rathod
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India; (G.K.); (S.S.S.R.)
| | - Mohammed M. Ghoneim
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, AlMaarefa University, Ad Diriyah 13713, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Sultan Alshehri
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Javed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran 11001, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Awanish Mishra
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER)—Guwahati, Changsari, Kamrup 781101, Assam, India
| | - Nabil A. Alhakamy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
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24
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Leveille E, Ross OA, Gan-Or Z. Tau and MAPT genetics in tauopathies and synucleinopathies. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2021; 90:142-154. [PMID: 34593302 PMCID: PMC9310195 DOI: 10.1016/j.parkreldis.2021.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
MAPT encodes the microtubule-associated protein tau, which is the main component of neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) and found in other protein aggregates. These aggregates are among the pathological hallmarks of primary tauopathies such as frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Abnormal tau can also be observed in secondary tauopathies such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) and synucleinopathies such as Parkinson's disease (PD). On top of pathological findings, genetic data also links MAPT to these disorders. MAPT variations are a cause or risk factors for many tauopathies and synucleinopathies and are associated with certain clinical and pathological features in affected individuals. In addition to clinical, pathological, and genetic overlap, evidence also suggests that tau and alpha-synuclein may interact on the molecular level, and thus might collaborate in the neurodegenerative process. Understanding the role of MAPT variations in tauopathies and synucleinopathies is therefore essential to elucidate the role of tau in the pathogenesis and phenotype of those disorders, and ultimately to develop targeted therapies. In this review, we describe the role of MAPT genetic variations in tauopathies and synucleinopathies, several genotype-phenotype and pathological features, and discuss their implications for the classification and treatment of those disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Owen A Ross
- Department of Neuroscience, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA; Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Ziv Gan-Or
- The Neuro (Montreal Neurological Institute-hospital), McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Neurology and Neurosurgery, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
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25
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Wu TT, Liu T, Li X, Chen YJ, Chen TJ, Zhu XY, Chen JL, Li Q, Liu Y, Feng Y, Wu YC. TET2-mediated Cdkn2A DNA hydroxymethylation in midbrain dopaminergic neuron injury of Parkinson's disease. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1239-1252. [PMID: 32037456 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been reported that abnormal epigenetic modification is associated with the occurrence of Parkinson's disease (PD). Here, we found that a ten-eleven translocation 2 (TET2), a staff of the DNA hydroxylases family, was increased in dopaminergic neurons in vitro and in vivo. Genome-wide mapping of DNA 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC)-sequencing has revealed an aberrant epigenome 5-hmC landscape in 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium iodide (MPP+)-induced SH-SY5Y cells. The TET family of DNA hydroxylases could reverse DNA methylation by oxidization of 5-methylcytosine (5-mC) to 5-hmC. However, the relationship between modification of DNA hydroxymethylation and the pathogenesis of PD is not clear. According to the results of 5-hmC-sequencing studies, 5-hmC was associated with gene-rich regions in the genomes related to cell cycle, especially gene-cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitor 2A (Cdkn2A). Downregulation of TET2 expression could significantly rescue MPP+-stimulated SH-SY5Y cell damage and cell cycle arrest. Meanwhile, knockdown of Tet2 expression in the substantia nigra pars compacta of MPTP-induced PD mice resulted in attenuated MPTP-induced motor deficits and dopaminergic neuronal injury via p16 suppression. In this study, we demonstrated a critical function of TET2 in PD development via the CDKN2A activity-dependent epigenetic pathway, suggesting a potential new strategy for epigenetic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Te Liu
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Li
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Ya-Jing Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Tian-Jiao Chen
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Ying Zhu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Jiu-Lin Chen
- Shanghai Geriatric Institute of Chinese Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200031, P.R. China
| | - Qing Li
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, The Institutes of Brain Science and the Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China
| | - Ye Liu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Ya Feng
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Cheng Wu
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200080, P.R. China
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26
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Murthy M, Cheng YY, Holton JL, Bettencourt C. Neurodegenerative movement disorders: An epigenetics perspective and promise for the future. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2021; 47:897-909. [PMID: 34318515 PMCID: PMC9291277 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Neurodegenerative movement disorders (NMDs) are age‐dependent disorders that are characterised by the degeneration and loss of neurons, typically accompanied by pathological accumulation of different protein aggregates in the brain, which lead to motor symptoms. NMDs include Parkinson's disease, multiple system atrophy, progressive supranuclear palsy, and Huntington's disease, among others. Epigenetic modifications are responsible for functional gene regulation during development, adult life and ageing and have progressively been implicated in complex diseases such as cancer and more recently in neurodegenerative diseases, such as NMDs. DNA methylation is by far the most widely studied epigenetic modification and consists of the reversible addition of a methyl group to the DNA without changing the DNA sequence. Although this research field is still in its infancy in relation to NMDs, an increasing number of studies point towards a role for DNA methylation in disease processes. This review addresses recent advances in epigenetic and epigenomic research in NMDs, with a focus on human brain DNA methylation studies. We discuss the current understanding of the DNA methylation changes underlying these disorders, the potential for use of these DNA modifications in peripheral tissues as biomarkers in early disease detection, classification and progression as well as a promising role in future disease management and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megha Murthy
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Yun Yung Cheng
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Janice L Holton
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Clinical and Movement Neurosciences, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Conceição Bettencourt
- Queen Square Brain Bank for Neurological Disorders, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK.,Department of Neurodegenerative Disease, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
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27
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Zhang HQ, Wang JY, Li ZF, Cui L, Huang SS, Zhu LB, Sun Y, Yang R, Fan HH, Zhang X, Zhu JH. DNA Methyltransferase 1 Is Dysregulated in Parkinson's Disease via Mediation of miR-17. Mol Neurobiol 2021; 58:2620-2633. [PMID: 33483902 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-021-02298-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Aberrant DNA methylation is closely associated with the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease (PD). DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) are the enzymes for establishment and maintenance of DNA methylation patterns. It has not been clearly defined how DNMTs respond in PD and what mechanisms are associated. Models of PD were established by treatment of five different neurotoxins in cells and intraperitoneal injection of 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine in mice. Plasma samples of PD patients were also used. Western blot, real-time PCR, immunostaining, and/or luciferase reporter were employed. DNA methylation was analyzed by the bisulfite sequencing analysis. Protein expression of DNMT1, but not of DNMT3A and DNMT3B, was reduced in the cellular and mouse models of PD. Paradoxically, mRNA levels of DNMT1 were increased in these models. After ruling out the possibility of protein degradation, we screened a set of miRNAs that potentially targeted DNMT1 3'-UTR by luciferase reporters and expression abundancies. miR-17 was identified for further investigation with miR-19a of low expression as a parallel comparison. Although exogenous transfection of either miR-17 or miR-19a mimics could inhibit DNMT1 expression, results of miRNA inhibitors showed that miR-17, but not miR-19a, endogenously regulated DNMT1 and the subsequent DNA methylation. Furthermore, levels of miR-17 were elevated in the neurotoxin-induced PD models and the plasma of PD patients. This study demonstrates that the miR-17-mediated DNMT1 downregulation underlies the aberrant DNA methylation in PD. Our results provide a link bridging environmental insults and epigenetic changes and implicate miR-17 in therapeutical modulation of DNA methylation in PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Qiu Zhang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jian-Yong Wang
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhao-Feng Li
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lei Cui
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shi-Shi Huang
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lan-Bing Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Sun
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China
| | - Rui Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
- Nelson Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University School of Medicine, 341 East 25th Street, New York, NY, 10010, USA
| | - Hui-Hui Fan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Jian-Hong Zhu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325035, Zhejiang, China.
- Department of Geriatrics and Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital and Yuying Children's Hospital, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, 325027, Zhejiang, China.
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28
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Henderson AR, Wang Q, Meechoovet B, Siniard AL, Naymik M, De Both M, Huentelman MJ, Caselli RJ, Driver-Dunckley E, Dunckley T. DNA Methylation and Expression Profiles of Whole Blood in Parkinson's Disease. Front Genet 2021; 12:640266. [PMID: 33981329 PMCID: PMC8107387 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.640266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common age-related neurodegenerative disease. It is presently only accurately diagnosed at an advanced stage by a series of motor deficits, which are predated by a litany of non-motor symptoms manifesting over years or decades. Aberrant epigenetic modifications exist across a range of diseases and are non-invasively detectable in blood as potential markers of disease. We performed comparative analyses of the methylome and transcriptome in blood from PD patients and matched controls. Our aim was to characterize DNA methylation and gene expression patterns in whole blood from PD patients as a foundational step toward the future goal of identifying molecular markers that could predict, accurately diagnose, or track the progression of PD. We found that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were involved in the processes of transcription and mitochondrial function and that PD methylation profiles were readily distinguishable from healthy controls, even in whole-blood DNA samples. Differentially methylated regions (DMRs) were functionally varied, including near transcription factor nuclear transcription factor Y subunit alpha (NFYA), receptor tyrosine kinase DDR1, RING finger ubiquitin ligase (RNF5), acetyltransferase AGPAT1, and vault RNA VTRNA2-1. Expression quantitative trait methylation sites were found at long non-coding RNA PAX8-AS1 and transcription regulator ZFP57 among others. Functional epigenetic modules were highlighted by IL18R1, PTPRC, and ITGB2. We identified patterns of altered disease-specific DNA methylation and associated gene expression in whole blood. Our combined analyses extended what we learned from the DEG or DMR results alone. These studies provide a foundation to support the characterization of larger sample cohorts, with the goal of building a thorough, accurate, and non-invasive molecular PD biomarker.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne R Henderson
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Qi Wang
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
| | - Bessie Meechoovet
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Ashley L Siniard
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Marcus Naymik
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Matthew De Both
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | - Matthew J Huentelman
- Neurogenomics Division, Translational Genomics Research Institute, Phoenix, AZ, United States
| | | | | | - Travis Dunckley
- Neurodegenerative Disease Research Center, Biodesign Institute, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, United States
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29
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Siomek-Gorecka A, Dlugosz A, Czarnecki D. The Molecular Basis of Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD). Genetics, Epigenetics, and Nutrition in AUD: An Amazing Triangle. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084262. [PMID: 33924016 PMCID: PMC8072802 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) is a very common and complex disease, as alcohol is the most widely used addictive drug in the world. This disorder has an enormous impact on public health and social and private life, and it generates a huge number of social costs. Alcohol use stimulates hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis responses and is the cause of many physical and social problems (especially liver disease and cancer), accidental injury, and risky sexual behavior. For years, researchers have been trying to identify the genetic basis of alcohol use disorder, the molecular mechanisms responsible for its development, and an effective form of therapy. Genetic and environmental factors are known to contribute to the development of AUD, and the expression of genes is a complicated process that depends on epigenetic modulations. Dietary nutrients, such as vitamins, may serve as one these modulators, as they have a direct impact on epigenomes. In this review, we connect gathered knowledge from three emerging fields-genetics, epigenetics, and nutrition-to form an amazing triangle relating to alcohol use disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Siomek-Gorecka
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-095 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-52-585-37-48
| | - Anna Dlugosz
- Department of Engineering and Chemical and Food Analytics, Faculty of Chemical Technology and Engineering, UTP University of Science and Technology, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
| | - Damian Czarnecki
- Department of Preventive Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, L. Rydygier Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, 85-821 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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30
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Anitha A, Viswambharan V, Thanseem I, Iype M, Parakkal R, Surendran SP, Mundalil MV. Vitamins and Cognition: A Nutrigenomics Perspective. CURRENT NUTRITION & FOOD SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.2174/1573401316999200901180443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The rise in the prevalence of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental cognitive disorders
combined with a lack of efficient therapeutic strategies has necessitated the need to develop alternate
approaches. Dietary supplements are now being considered as a complementary and alternative
medicine for cognitive impairments. Considerable evidence suggests the role of vitamins in
modulating the genetic and epigenetic factors implicated in neuropsychiatric, neurodevelopmental
and neurodegenerative disorders. In this review, we provide an overview of the implications of nutrigenomics
with reference to vitamins that are suggested to boost cognitive functions (nootropic vitamins).
Several vitamins have been found to possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties
which make them potential candidates in preventing or delaying age-related neurodegeneration and
cognitive decline. Well-designed longitudinal studies are essential to examine the association between
vitamins and cognitive functions. Future studies linking nutrition with advances in neuroscience,
genomics and epigenomics would provide novel approaches to managing cognitive disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayyappan Anitha
- Department of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India
| | - Vijitha Viswambharan
- Department of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India
| | - Ismail Thanseem
- Department of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India
| | - Mary Iype
- Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram 695 011, Kerala, India
| | - Rahna Parakkal
- Department of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India
| | - Sumitha P. Surendran
- Department of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India
| | - Mahesh V. Mundalil
- Department of Neurogenetics, Institute for Communicative and Cognitive Neurosciences (ICCONS), Shoranur, Palakkad 679 523, Kerala, India
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31
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Melnik BC. Lifetime Impact of Cow's Milk on Overactivation of mTORC1: From Fetal to Childhood Overgrowth, Acne, Diabetes, Cancers, and Neurodegeneration. Biomolecules 2021; 11:404. [PMID: 33803410 PMCID: PMC8000710 DOI: 10.3390/biom11030404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The consumption of cow's milk is a part of the basic nutritional habits of Western industrialized countries. Recent epidemiological studies associate the intake of cow's milk with an increased risk of diseases, which are associated with overactivated mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1) signaling. This review presents current epidemiological and translational evidence linking milk consumption to the regulation of mTORC1, the master-switch for eukaryotic cell growth. Epidemiological studies confirm a correlation between cow's milk consumption and birthweight, body mass index, onset of menarche, linear growth during childhood, acne vulgaris, type 2 diabetes mellitus, prostate cancer, breast cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, neurodegenerative diseases, and all-cause mortality. Thus, long-term persistent consumption of cow's milk increases the risk of mTORC1-driven diseases of civilization. Milk is a highly conserved, lactation genome-controlled signaling system that functions as a maternal-neonatal relay for optimized species-specific activation of mTORC1, the nexus for regulation of eukaryotic cell growth, and control of autophagy. A deeper understanding of milk´s impact on mTORC1 signaling is of critical importance for the prevention of common diseases of civilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo C Melnik
- Department of Dermatology, Environmental Medicine and Health Theory, University of Osnabrück, Am Finkenhügel 7a, D-49076 Osnabrück, Germany
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32
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Xin C, Liu J. Long Non-coding RNAs in Parkinson's Disease. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:1031-1042. [PMID: 33544326 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03230-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder and is associated with a range of motor and non-motor clinical symptoms. The underlying molecular pathogenesis of PD involves a variety of pathways and mechanisms, including α-synuclein proteostasis, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, autophagy and apoptosis, neuroinflammation, and epigenetic regulation. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are involved in the regulation of multiple pathological processes of PD. In this review, we provide an overview of large-scale studies on lncRNA expression profiling in PD patients and models, as well as highlight the impacts of lncRNAs on the pathogenesis of PD, which could provide basic information regarding the putative lncRNA-based biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the early diagnosis and treatment strategies for PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengqi Xin
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193, Lianhe Road, Shahekou District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116011, People's Republic of China.,Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, No. 57, Xinda Street, Dalian High-Tech Park, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116023, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Liu
- Stem Cell Clinical Research Center, National Joint Engineering Laboratory, Regenerative Medicine Center, The First Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, No. 193, Lianhe Road, Shahekou District, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116011, People's Republic of China. .,Dalian Innovation Institute of Stem Cell and Precision Medicine, No. 57, Xinda Street, Dalian High-Tech Park, Dalian City, Liaoning Province, 116023, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Abu Hamdeh S, Ciuculete DM, Sarkisyan D, Bakalkin G, Ingelsson M, Schiöth HB, Marklund N. Differential DNA Methylation of the Genes for Amyloid Precursor Protein, Tau, and Neurofilaments in Human Traumatic Brain Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:1679-1688. [PMID: 33191850 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is an established risk factor for neurodegenerative disorders and dementias. Epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, may alter the expression of genes without altering the DNA sequence in response to environmental factors. We hypothesized that DNA methylation changes may occur in the injured human brain and be implicated in the neurodegenerative aftermath of TBI. The DNA methylation status of genes related to neurodegeneration; for example, amyloid beta precursor protein (APP), microtubule associated protein tau (MAPT), neurofilament heavy (NEFH), neurofilament medium (NEFM), and neurofilament light (NEFL), was analyzed in fresh, surgically resected human brain tissue from 17 severe TBI patients and compared with brain biopsy samples from 19 patients with idiopathic normal pressure hydrocephalus (iNPH). We also performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) comparing TBI patients with iNPH controls. Thirty-eight CpG sites in the APP, MAPT, NEFH, and NEFL genes were differentially methylated by TBI. Among the top 20 differentially methylated CpG sites, 11 were in the APP gene. In addition, the EWAS evaluating 828,888 CpG sites revealed 308 differentially methylated CpG sites in genes related to cellular/anatomical structure development, cell differentiation, and anatomical morphogenesis. These preliminary findings provide the first evidence of an altered DNA methylome in the injured human brain, and may have implications for the neurodegenerative disorders associated with TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sami Abu Hamdeh
- Department of Neuroscience, Section of Neurosurgery, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Diana-Maria Ciuculete
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Daniil Sarkisyan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, and Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Georgy Bakalkin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biosciences, and Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Ingelsson
- Department of Public Health/Geriatrics, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Helgi B Schiöth
- Division of Pharmacology, Department of Neuroscience, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Institute for Translational Medicine and Biotechnology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Niklas Marklund
- Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Neurosurgery, Lund University, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
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34
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Icer MA, Arslan N, Gezmen-Karadag M. Effects of vitamin E on neurodegenerative diseases: an update. Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars) 2021; 81:21-33. [PMID: 33949169 DOI: 10.21307/ane-2021-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Accepted: 12/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E deficiency is associated with many neurological problems. Although the mechanisms of vitamin E action in neurodegenerative diseases are not clear, there are many possible mechanisms. Examples of such mechanisms are the protective effects of vitamin E against oxidative stress damage and its suppressive role in the expression of many genes involved in the development of neurodegeneration. Many studies have evaluated the relationship between vitamin E intake or vitamin E levels in body fluids and neurodegenerative diseases. Some studies concluded that vitamin E can play a protective role in neurodegeneration with respect to diseases such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Vitamin E supplementation was also associated with risk factors for some neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the possible effects of vitamin E on the development and course of AD, PD, stroke and ALS, and the potential mechanisms involved. Vitamin E deficiency is associated with many neurological problems. Although the mechanisms of vitamin E action in neurodegenerative diseases are not clear, there are many possible mechanisms. Examples of such mechanisms are the protective effects of vitamin E against oxidative stress damage and its suppressive role in the expression of many genes involved in the development of neurodegeneration. Many studies have evaluated the relationship between vitamin E intake or vitamin E levels in body fluids and neurodegenerative diseases. Some studies concluded that vitamin E can play a protective role in neurodegeneration with respect to diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease (AD), Parkinson’s disease (PD), stroke and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Vitamin E supplementation was also associated with risk factors for some neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the possible effects of vitamin E on the development and course of AD, PD, stroke and ALS, and the potential mechanisms involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arif Icer
- Gazi University , Faculty of Health Sciences , Nutrition and Dietetics Department , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Neslihan Arslan
- Gazi University , Faculty of Health Sciences , Nutrition and Dietetics Department , Ankara , Turkey
| | - Makbule Gezmen-Karadag
- Gazi University , Faculty of Health Sciences , Nutrition and Dietetics Department , Ankara , Turkey
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Tafani X, Pascale E, Fattapposta F, Pucci M, D'Addario C, Adriani W. Cross-correlations between motifs in the 5'-UTR of DAT1 gene: Findings from Parkinson's disease. Adv Biol Regul 2020; 78:100753. [PMID: 33022465 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2020.100753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neuro-degenerative disorder affecting the striatal motor system, caused by the loss of neuronal cells in the mid-brain, where reduced amounts of dopamine do cause involuntary movements and others symptoms. Alterations of methylome have been reported in PD epigenomic studies, and also human dopamine transporter gene (DAT1, SLC6A3) is considered as a candidate risk factor for PD. Since the DNA methylation on DAT promoter may well have a role in the development of this disease, we aimed to further assess the epigenetic control, by focusing on specific CpG sites located in the 5'-untranslated region (5'-UTR) of the DAT1 gene. Significant changes in DAT 5'-UTR methylation were already found in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of PD subjects (Rubino et al., 2020). Of note, methylation values at the CpG 5 were increased. We run on same data a novel statistical approach: cross-correlation between pairs of loci. CpG 5 was the only always-differing variable but, alternatively, CpGs 2 and 6 or CpGs 1 and 3 were also significantly correlated with CpG 5. Interestingly, this picture emerged for those patients whose M2xM6 index was above-median; loci were rather independent for below-median patients. Present data may shed light into dynamics occurring at 5'-UTR of DAT1, a gene involved in PD but also in many psycho-physiological pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xhensina Tafani
- Faculty of Psychology - UTIU Università Telematica Internazionale "Uninettuno", Rome, Italy
| | - Esterina Pascale
- Department of Medical-Surgical Sciences and Biotechnologies, Sapienza University, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Mariangela Pucci
- Faculty of Bioscience & Technology for Food, for Agriculture and for Environment - University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Claudio D'Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience & Technology for Food, for Agriculture and for Environment - University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Walter Adriani
- Faculty of Psychology - UTIU Università Telematica Internazionale "Uninettuno", Rome, Italy; Reference Center for Behavioral Science and Mental Health - Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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Papin S, Paganetti P. Emerging Evidences for an Implication of the Neurodegeneration-Associated Protein TAU in Cancer. Brain Sci 2020; 10:brainsci10110862. [PMID: 33207722 PMCID: PMC7696480 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci10110862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative disorders and cancer may appear unrelated illnesses. Yet, epidemiologic studies indicate an inverse correlation between their respective incidences for specific cancers. Possibly explaining these findings, increasing evidence indicates that common molecular pathways are involved, often in opposite manner, in the pathogenesis of both disease families. Genetic mutations in the MAPT gene encoding for TAU protein cause an inherited form of frontotemporal dementia, a neurodegenerative disorder, but also increase the risk of developing cancer. Assigning TAU at the interface between cancer and neurodegenerative disorders, two major aging-linked disease families, offers a possible clue for the epidemiological observation inversely correlating these human illnesses. In addition, the expression level of TAU is recognized as a prognostic marker for cancer, as well as a modifier of cancer resistance to chemotherapy. Because of its microtubule-binding properties, TAU may interfere with the mechanism of action of taxanes, a class of chemotherapeutic drugs designed to stabilize the microtubule network and impair cell division. Indeed, a low TAU expression is associated to a better response to taxanes. Although TAU main binding partners are microtubules, TAU is able to relocate to subcellular sites devoid of microtubules and is also able to bind to cancer-linked proteins, suggesting a role of TAU in modulating microtubule-independent cellular pathways associated to oncogenesis. This concept is strengthened by experimental evidence linking TAU to P53 signaling, DNA stability and protection, processes that protect against cancer. This review aims at collecting literature data supporting the association between TAU and cancer. We will first summarize the evidence linking neurodegenerative disorders and cancer, then published data supporting a role of TAU as a modifier of the efficacy of chemotherapies and of the oncogenic process. We will finish by addressing from a mechanistic point of view the role of TAU in de-regulating critical cancer pathways, including the interaction of TAU with cancer-associated proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Papin
- Neurodegeneration Research Group, Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via ai Söi 24, CH-6807 Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland;
| | - Paolo Paganetti
- Neurodegeneration Research Group, Laboratory for Biomedical Neurosciences, Neurocenter of Southern Switzerland, Ente Ospedaliero Cantonale, Via ai Söi 24, CH-6807 Torricella-Taverne, Switzerland;
- Faculty of Biomedical Neurosciences, Università della Svizzera Italiana, CH-6900 Lugano, Switzerland
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +41-91-811-7250
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Kumari A, Bhawal S, Kapila S, Yadav H, Kapila R. Health-promoting role of dietary bioactive compounds through epigenetic modulations: a novel prophylactic and therapeutic approach. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 62:619-639. [PMID: 33081489 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1825286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The epigenome is an overall epigenetic state of an organism, which is as important as that of the genome for normal development and functioning of an individual. Epigenetics involves heritable but reversible changes in gene expression through alterations in DNA methylation, histone modifications and regulation of non-coding RNAs in cells, without any change in the DNA sequence. Epigenetic changes are owned by various environmental factors including pollution, microbiota and diet, which have profound effects on epigenetic modifiers. The bioactive compounds present in the diet mainly include curcumin, resveratrol, catechins, quercetin, genistein, sulforaphane, epigallocatechin-3-gallate, alkaloids, vitamins, and peptides. Bioactive compounds released during fermentation by the action of microbes also have a significant effect on the host epigenome. Besides, recent studies have explored the new insights in vitamin's functions through epigenetic regulation. These bioactive compounds exert synergistic, preventive and therapeutic effects when combined as well as when used with chemotherapeutic agents. Therefore, these compounds have potential of therapeutic agents that could be used as "Epidrug" to treat many inflammatory diseases and various cancers where chemotherapy results have many side effects. In this review, the effect of diet derived bioactive compounds through epigenetic modulations on in vitro and in vivo models is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Kumari
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Shalaka Bhawal
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Suman Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
| | - Hariom Yadav
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Rajeev Kapila
- Animal Biochemistry Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, India
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Ibrahim KS, El-Sayed EM. Beneficial Effects of Coconut Oil in Treatment of Parkinson’s Disease. NEUROPHYSIOLOGY+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s11062-020-09866-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Kwok JB, Loy CT, Dobson-Stone C, Halliday GM. The complex relationship between genotype, pathology and phenotype in familial dementia. Neurobiol Dis 2020; 145:105082. [PMID: 32927063 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Causative genes involved in familial forms of dementias, including Alzheimer's disease (AD), frontotemporal lobar degeneration (FTLD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB), as well as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and prion diseases where dementia is present as a significant clinical feature, are associated with distinct proteinopathies. This review summarizes the relationship between known genetic determinants of these dementia syndromes and variations in key neuropathological proteins in terms of three types of heterogeneity: (i) Locus Heterogeneity, whereby mutations in different genes cause a similar proteinopathy, as exemplified by mutations in APP, PSEN1 and PSEN2 leading to AD neuropathology; (ii) Allelic Heterogeneity, whereby different mutations in the same gene lead to different proteinopathies or neuropathological severity, as exemplified by different mutations in MAPT and PRNP giving rise to protein species that differ in their biochemistry and affected cell types; and (iii) Phenotypic Heterogeneity, where identical gene mutations lead to different proteinopathies, as exemplified by LRRK2 p.G2019S being associated with variable Lewy body presence and alternative AD neuropathology or FTLD-tau. Of note, the perceived homogeneity in histologic phenotypes may arise from laboratory-specific assessment protocols which can differ in the panel of proteins screened. Finally, the understanding of the complex relationship between genotype and phenotype in dementia families is highly relevant in terms of therapeutic strategies which range from targeting specific genes, to a broader strategy of targeting a downstream, common biochemical problem that leads to the histopathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- John B Kwok
- The Brain and Mind Centre & School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Clement T Loy
- The Brain and Mind Centre & School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; Sydney School of Public Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, Australia
| | - Carol Dobson-Stone
- The Brain and Mind Centre & School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- The Brain and Mind Centre & School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, the University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
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Rubino A, D'Addario C, Di Bartolomeo M, Michele Salamone E, Locuratolo N, Fattapposta F, Vanacore N, Pascale E. DNA methylation of the 5'-UTR DAT 1 gene in Parkinson's disease patients. Acta Neurol Scand 2020; 142:275-280. [PMID: 32415851 DOI: 10.1111/ane.13279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The involvement of epigenetics mechanisms in the transcriptional regulation of key genes has been investigated in the initiation and progression of neurodegenerative disorders, including Parkinson's disease (PD). Among others, we, here, focused the attention on the dopamine transporter (DAT) gene playing a critical role in maintaining the integrity of dopaminergic neurons. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed bisulfite pyrosequencing to examine DNA methylation levels of six CpG sites in the 5'-UTR of DAT1 gene in human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) obtained from 101 sporadic PD patients and 59 healthy controls. RESULTS We selectively report for CpG5 an increase in DNA methylation levels in PD subjects respect to controls, that almost reaches statistical significance (30.06 ± 12.4 vs 26.58 ± 7.6, P = .052). Of interest, a significantly higher methylation at specific CpG sites (ANOVA: P = .029) was observed in PD subjects with advanced stage of illness. Namely, a multivariate regression analysis showed that a higher methylation level at specific CpG sites in the group of PD patients was associated with increased methylation at CpG2, CpG3, and with H&Y stage but not with age and gender. This regression model explains the 38% of the variance of methylation at CpG5. CONCLUSION Our results do seem to suggest that the methylation level of CpG5 is different between PD patients and controls. Moreover, this methylation level for CpG5 may be associated also with the stage of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfonso Rubino
- Department of Human NeurosciencesSapienza University Rome Italy
| | - Claudio D'Addario
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and EnvironmentUniversity of Teramo Teramo Italy
- Department of Clinical NeuroscienceKarolinska Institute Stockholm Stockholm Sweden
| | - Martina Di Bartolomeo
- Faculty of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and EnvironmentUniversity of Teramo Teramo Italy
| | | | | | | | - Nicola Vanacore
- National Centre for Disease Prevention and Health PromotionNational Institute of Health Rome Italy
| | - Esterina Pascale
- Department of Medical‐Surgical Sciences and BiotechnologiesSapienza University Rome Italy
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Epigenetics in Lewy Body Diseases: Impact on Gene Expression, Utility as a Biomarker, and Possibilities for Therapy. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21134718. [PMID: 32630630 PMCID: PMC7369933 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21134718] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Revised: 06/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lewy body disorders (LBD) include Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB). They are synucleinopathies with a heterogeneous clinical manifestation. As a cause of neuropathological overlap with other neurodegenerative diseases, the establishment of a correct clinical diagnosis is still challenging, and clinical management may be difficult. The combination of genetic variation and epigenetic changes comprising gene expression-modulating DNA methylation and histone alterations modifies the phenotype, disease course, and susceptibility to disease. In this review, we summarize the results achieved in the deciphering of the LBD epigenome. To provide an appropriate context, first LBD genetics is briefly outlined. Afterwards, a detailed review of epigenetic modifications identified for LBD in human cells, postmortem, and peripheral tissues is provided. We also focus on the difficulty of identifying epigenome-related biomarker candidates and discuss the results obtained so far. Additionally, epigenetic changes as therapeutic targets, as well as different epigenome-based treatments, are revised. The number of studies focusing on PD is relatively limited and practically inexistent for DLB. There is a lack of replication studies, and some results are even contradictory, probably due to differences in sample collection and analytical techniques. In summary, we show the current achievements and directions for future research.
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Role of Long Noncoding RNAs in Parkinson's Disease: Putative Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets. PARKINSONS DISEASE 2020; 2020:5374307. [PMID: 32617144 PMCID: PMC7306067 DOI: 10.1155/2020/5374307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by bradykinesia, rigidity, and tremor. Age is the main risk factor. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are novel RNA molecules of more than 200 nucleotides in length. They may be involved in the regulation of many pathological processes of PD. PD has a variety of pathophysiological mechanisms, including alpha-synuclein aggregate, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, calcium homeostasis, axonal transport, and neuroinflammation. Among these, the impacts of lncRNAs on the pathogenesis and progression of PD need to be highlighted. lncRNAs may serve as putative biomarkers and therapeutic targets for the early diagnosis of PD. This study aimed to investigate the role of lncRNAs in various pathological processes of PD and the specific lncRNAs that might be used as putative diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets of PD.
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Wang C, Liu Y, Guo W, Zhu X, Ahuja N, Fu T. MAPT promoter CpG island hypermethylation is associated with poor prognosis in patients with stage II colorectal cancer. Cancer Manag Res 2019; 11:7337-7343. [PMID: 31496795 PMCID: PMC6689138 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s206731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The methylation of microtubule-associated protein tau (MAPT) was first described in patients with Alzheimer’s disease. In this study, we aim to determine if MAPT promoter CpG island is hypermethylated and whether this signature could work as a prognostic marker for patients with stage II colorectal cancer (CRC). Methods MAPT methylation level and CpG island methylator phenotype (CIMP) status were examined. The prognostic value of MAPT methylation was analyzed using Cox regression analysis. Results Amongst stage II CRC patients (n=107), hypermethylation of MAPT promoter CpG island was seen in 23.4% of them. MAPT methylation was much more frequent in patients with age ≥60 compared to age <60 (P<0.001). MAPT were preferentially methylated among proximal colon tumors or CIMP high tumors (both P<0.001). Five-year overall survival (OS) rates were 57.1% and 79.4% for patients with and without MAPT hypermethylation, respectively, HR=2.33 (95% CI, 1.19–4.57; P=0.014). MAPT hypermethylation remained an important prognostic variable for OS in multivariate analysis with a HR of 2.29 (95% CI, 1.01–5.18; P=0.047). Conclusion Our findings suggest that MAPT is frequently methylated and hypermethylation is associated with worse prognosis in patients with stage II CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuntao Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yanliang Liu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyi Guo
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Zhu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Nita Ahuja
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Tao Fu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery II, Key Laboratory of Hubei Province for Digestive System Disease, Renmin Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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Renani PG, Taheri F, Rostami D, Farahani N, Abdolkarimi H, Abdollahi E, Taghizadeh E, Gheibi Hayat SM. Involvement of aberrant regulation of epigenetic mechanisms in the pathogenesis of Parkinson's disease and epigenetic-based therapies. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19307-19319. [PMID: 30968426 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2019] [Revised: 03/07/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is known as a progressive neurodegenerative disorder associated with the reduction of dopamine-secreting neurons and the formation of Lewy bodies in the substantia nigra and basal ganglia routes. Aging, as well as environmental and genetic factors, are considered as disease risk factors that can make PD as a complex one. Epigenetics means studying heritable changes in gene expression or function, without altering the underlying DNA sequence. Multiple studies have shown the association of epigenetic variations with onset or progression of various types of diseases. DNA methylation, posttranslational modifications of histones and presence of microRNA (miRNA) are among epigenetic processes involved in regulating pathways related to the development of PD. Unlike genetic mutations, most epigenetic variations may be reversible or preventable. Therefore, the return of aberrant epigenetic events in different cells is a growing therapeutic approach to treatment or prevention. Currently, there are several methods for treating PD patients, the most important of which are drug therapies. However, detection of genes and epigenetic mechanisms involved in the disease can develop appropriate diagnosis and treatment of the disease before the onset of disabilities and resulting complications. The main purpose of this study was to review the most important epigenetic molecular mechanisms, epigenetic variations in PD, and epigenetic-based therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedram G Renani
- Genetic Department, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Forogh Taheri
- Genetic Department, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Daryoush Rostami
- Department of School Allied, Zabol University of Medical Sciences, Zabol, Iran
| | - Najmeh Farahani
- Department of Genetics and Molecular Biology, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Hamed Abdolkarimi
- Department of Biology, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Elahe Abdollahi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Eskandar Taghizadeh
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Yasuj University of Medical Sciences, Yasuj, Iran.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Seyed Mohammad Gheibi Hayat
- Department of Medical Genetics, School of Medicine, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Henderson-Smith A, Fisch KM, Hua J, Liu G, Ricciardelli E, Jepsen K, Huentelman M, Stalberg G, Edland SD, Scherzer CR, Dunckley T, Desplats P. DNA methylation changes associated with Parkinson's disease progression: outcomes from the first longitudinal genome-wide methylation analysis in blood. Epigenetics 2019; 14:365-382. [PMID: 30871403 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2019.1588682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder currently diagnosed based on the presentation of characteristic movement symptoms. Unfortunately, patients exhibiting these symptoms have already undergone significant dopaminergic neuronal loss. Earlier diagnosis, aided by molecular biomarkers specific to PD, would improve overall patient care. Epigenetic mechanisms, which are modified by both environment and disease pathophysiology, are emerging as important components of neurodegeneration. Alterations to the PD methylome have been reported in epigenome-wide association studies. However, the extent to which methylation changes correlate with disease progression has not yet been reported; nor the degree to which methylation is affected by PD medication. We performed a longitudinal genome-wide methylation study surveying ~850,000 CpG sites in whole blood from 189 well-characterized PD patients and 191 control individuals obtained at baseline and at a follow-up visit ~2 y later. We identified distinct patterns of methylation in PD cases versus controls. Importantly, we identified genomic sites where methylation changes longitudinally as the disease progresses. Moreover, we identified methylation changes associated with PD pathology through the analysis of PD cases that were not exposed to anti-parkinsonian therapy. In addition, we identified methylation sites modulated by exposure to dopamine replacement drugs. These results indicate that DNA methylation is dynamic in PD and changes over time during disease progression. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first longitudinal epigenome-wide methylation analysis for Parkinson's disease and reveals changes associated with disease progression and in response to dopaminergic medications in the blood methylome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienne Henderson-Smith
- a Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA.,b Neurogenomics Division , Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - Kathleen M Fisch
- c Center for Computational Biology & Bioinformatics, Department of Medicine , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Jianping Hua
- d Center for Bioinformatics and Genomics Systems Engineering, Texas A&M Engineering Experiment Station , Texas A&M University , College Station , TX , USA
| | - Ganqiang Liu
- e Advanced Center for Parkinson's Disease Research and Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School , Brigham & Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Eugenia Ricciardelli
- f Genomics Center, Institute for Genomics Medicine , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Kristen Jepsen
- f Genomics Center, Institute for Genomics Medicine , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Mathew Huentelman
- b Neurogenomics Division , Translational Genomics Research Institute , Phoenix , AZ , USA
| | - Gabriel Stalberg
- e Advanced Center for Parkinson's Disease Research and Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School , Brigham & Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA.,g Harvard Biomarkers Study investigators are listed in the Acknowledgement section
| | - Steven D Edland
- h Department of Neurosciences , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
| | - Clemens R Scherzer
- e Advanced Center for Parkinson's Disease Research and Precision Neurology Program, Harvard Medical School , Brigham & Women's Hospital , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Travis Dunckley
- a Biodesign Institute , Arizona State University , Tempe , AZ , USA
| | - Paula Desplats
- h Department of Neurosciences , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA.,i Department of Pathology , University of California San Diego , La Jolla , CA , USA
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Del Rey NLG, Quiroga-Varela A, Garbayo E, Carballo-Carbajal I, Fernández-Santiago R, Monje MHG, Trigo-Damas I, Blanco-Prieto MJ, Blesa J. Advances in Parkinson's Disease: 200 Years Later. Front Neuroanat 2018; 12:113. [PMID: 30618654 PMCID: PMC6306622 DOI: 10.3389/fnana.2018.00113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
When James Parkinson described the classical symptoms of the disease he could hardly foresee the evolution of our understanding over the next two hundred years. Nowadays, Parkinson’s disease is considered a complex multifactorial disease in which genetic factors, either causative or susceptibility variants, unknown environmental cues, and the potential interaction of both could ultimately trigger the pathology. Noteworthy advances have been made in different fields from the clinical phenotype to the decoding of some potential neuropathological features, among which are the fields of genetics, drug discovery or biomaterials for drug delivery, which, though recent in origin, have evolved swiftly to become the basis of research into the disease today. In this review, we highlight some of the key advances in the field over the past two centuries and discuss the current challenges focusing on exciting new research developments likely to come in the next few years. Also, the importance of pre-motor symptoms and early diagnosis in the search for more effective therapeutic options is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalia López-González Del Rey
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Quiroga-Varela
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Department of Neuroscience, Centro de Investigación Médica Aplicada (CIMA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Elisa Garbayo
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Iria Carballo-Carbajal
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Neurodegenerative Diseases Research Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rubén Fernández-Santiago
- Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain.,Laboratory of Parkinson Disease and other Neurodegenerative Movement Disorders, Department of Neurology, Hospital Clínic de Barcelona, Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer (IDIBAPS), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mariana H G Monje
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Anatomy, Histology and Neuroscience, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Inés Trigo-Damas
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
| | - María J Blanco-Prieto
- Pharmaceutical Technology and Chemistry, School of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Blesa
- HM CINAC, Hospital Universitario HM Puerta del Sur, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Networking Center on Neurodegenerative Diseases (CIBERNED), Madrid, Spain
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48
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Kimura Y, Asa M, Urano Y, Saito Y, Nishikawa K, Noguchi N. Tocopherol suppresses 24(S)-hydroxycholesterol-induced cell death via inhibition of CaMKII phosphorylation. Biochimie 2018; 153:203-209. [PMID: 30244813 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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49
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The purpose of this review is to provide an update on the role of tau beyond the stabilization of microtubules and on the clinical, pathological, diagnostic and therapeutic aspects of tauopathies. RECENT FINDINGS Beyond its function as a microtubule-associated tau protein, tau is also involved in gene regulation, signal transduction and metabolism. Experimental models allow for the development of new diagnostic and therapeutic tools. Tauopathies encompass different disorders that may manifest with various clinical syndromes. Differential diagnosis with other proteinopathies is still challenging. Cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers and radiotracers were extensively studied in the last year. Although diagnostic accuracy remains deceiving in non-Alzheimer's disease tauopathies, positron emission tomography tau tracers could be used to monitor disease progression. SUMMARY Despite the advent of novel therapeutic approaches and the increasing number of clinical trials in tauopathies, accurate clinical diagnosis is still an unmet need and better tau biomarkers are still desperately needed. Although primary taupathies are rare and heterogeneous disorders, their combined prevalence and the importance of tau disorder in Alzheimer's disease and secondary tauopathies makes research on tauopathy a priority - because it could benefit many patients.
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50
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Mao W, Zhao C, Ding H, Liang K, Xue J, Chan P, Cai Y. Pyrosequencing analysis of methylation levels of clock genes in leukocytes from Parkinson's disease patients. Neurosci Lett 2018; 668:115-119. [PMID: 29353016 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2018.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation of neuronal PAS domain protein 2 (NPAS2) and cryptochrome circadian clock 1 (CRY1) promoters may be associated with Parkinson's disease (PD). However, there is no simple and cost-effective method to quantify DNA methylation in these regions. Additionally, it is not clear whether DNA methylation of NPAS2 and CRY1 promoters is altered in peripheral blood of PD patients, especially newly diagnosed drug-naïve PD patients, and thus can be used as a PD biomarker. In the present study, we utilized bisulfite pyrosequencing assays to examine DNA methylation levels of six CpG sites in the NPAS2 promoter and five CpG sites in the CRY1 promoter. We compared DNA methylation levels at these sites in leukocytes from 80 medicated PD patients, 30 drug-naïve PD patients, and 80 healthy controls. Our results indicate that NPAS2 hypomethylation occurs at the early stage of PD and is a moderate biomarker for distinguishing PD patients from healthy subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Mao
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Chunsong Zhao
- Department of Biobank, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, PR China; Laboratory of Chronobiology and Chronomedicine, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Hui Ding
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Kuo Liang
- Department of Biobank, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Jinhua Xue
- Department of Biobank, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, PR China; Laboratory of Chronobiology and Chronomedicine, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Piu Chan
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing 100053, PR China
| | - Yanning Cai
- Department of Neurology and Neurobiology, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, PR China; Department of Biobank, Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University, Key Laboratory for Neurodegenerative Diseases of the Ministry of Education, Beijing 100053, PR China; Laboratory of Chronobiology and Chronomedicine, Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center, Beijing 100053, PR China; National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Beijing 100053, PR China.
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