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Poovathumkadavil Thambi N, Rani P, Sharma M, Katoch M. A combinatorial approach of Monarda citriodora essential oil (MEO) and linalool vapors to control fruit rot of Citrus limon caused by a new pathogen, Aspergillus foetidus, and its underlying mode of action. J Appl Microbiol 2023; 134:lxad292. [PMID: 38040653 DOI: 10.1093/jambio/lxad292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Citrus limon (lemon) is a widely cultivated citrus fruit. Significant postharvest losses due to fungi plague its production. Environmental and human health hazards have made the application of synthetic fungicides unsuitable. Despite the previous reports of antifungal activities of essential oil (EO) vapors, their synergistic combinations are understudied. Synergistic vapor combinations are advantageous due to less concentration of active components. This study aimed to isolate and identify postharvest fungal pathogens lemon and to evaluate the antifungal effects of synergistic Monarda citriodora EO (MEO)-constituent vapor combinations in vivo and in vitro. METHODS AND RESULTS Postharvest fungal pathogens of lemon (C. limon) were isolated from various infected samples. The most pathogenic isolate was identified through morphology and its ITS-based rRNA gene sequencing as Aspergillus foetidus (O4). This is the first report of A. foetidus as a postharvest pathogen of lemon. The minimum fungicidal concentrations (MFCs) of MEO vapors treatment against O4 were 1346.15 µL/L air. For carvacrol, hexanal, and linalool, MFC was same (96.16 µL/L air). Checkerboard assays demonstrated that 1/4 MFC of MEO (336.54 µL/L air) and 1/4 MFC of linalool (24.04 µL/L air) (M + L) were synergistic against O4. M + L vapors reduced the O4 growth on lemons during storage by 64% ± 1.50% and preserved their quality (low weight loss %, unchanged pH, increased ascorbic acid content). Propidium iodide staining, ergosterol content analysis, calcofluor white staining and chitin content analysis revealed the integrity loss of the O4 plasma membrane and cell wall. 2',7'-Dichlorofluorescin diacetate staining revealed accumulation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis exposed the M + L treated mycelia with malformations. CONCLUSIONS M + L vapors offer protection for lemons from A. foetidus and preserve their quality during storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pragya Rani
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Mohini Sharma
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
| | - Meenu Katoch
- Fermentation and Microbial Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Jammu 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine-CSIR, Jammu 180001, India
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Tian F, Woo SY, Lee SY, Park SB, Zheng Y, Chun HS. Antifungal Activity of Essential Oil and Plant-Derived Natural Compounds against Aspergillus flavus. Antibiotics (Basel) 2022; 11:antibiotics11121727. [PMID: 36551384 PMCID: PMC9774910 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics11121727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/26/2022] [Accepted: 11/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Aspergillus flavus is a facultative parasite that contaminates several important food crops at both the pre- and post-harvest stages. Moreover, it is an opportunistic animal and human pathogen that causes aspergillosis diseases. A. flavus also produces the polyketide-derived carcinogenic and mutagenic secondary metabolite aflatoxin, which negatively impacts global food security and threatens human and livestock health. Recently, plant-derived natural compounds and essential oils (EOs) have shown great potential in combatting A. flavus spoilage and aflatoxin contamination. In this review, the in situ antifungal and antiaflatoxigenic properties of EOs are discussed. The mechanisms through which EOs affect A. flavus growth and aflatoxin biosynthesis are then reviewed. Indeed, several involve physical, chemical, or biochemical changes to the cell wall, cell membrane, mitochondria, and related metabolic enzymes and genes. Finally, the future perspectives towards the application of plant-derived natural compounds and EOs in food protection and novel antifungal agent development are discussed. The present review highlights the great potential of plant-derived natural compounds and EOs to protect agricultural commodities and food items from A. flavus spoilage and aflatoxin contamination, along with reducing the threat of aspergillosis diseases.
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Rosemary essential oil and its components 1,8-cineole and α-pinene induce ROS-dependent lethality and ROS-independent virulence inhibition in Candida albicans. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0277097. [DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0277097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The essential oil from Rosmarinus officinalis L., a composite mixture of plant-derived secondary metabolites, exhibits antifungal activity against virulent candidal species. Here we report the impact of rosemary oil and two of its components, the monoterpene α-pinene and the monoterpenoid 1,8-cineole, against Candida albicans, which induce ROS-dependent cell death at high concentrations and inhibit hyphal morphogenesis and biofilm formation at lower concentrations. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (100% inhibition) for both rosemary oil and 1,8-cineole were 4500 μg/ml and 3125 μg/ml for α-pinene, with the two components exhibiting partial synergy (FICI = 0.55 ± 0.07). At MIC and 1/2 MIC, rosemary oil and its components induced a generalized cell wall stress response, causing damage to cellular and organelle membranes, along with elevated chitin production and increased cell surface adhesion and elasticity, leading to complete vacuolar segregation, mitochondrial depolarization, elevated reactive oxygen species, microtubule dysfunction, and cell cycle arrest mainly at the G1/S phase, consequently triggering cell death. Interestingly, the same oils at lower fractional MIC (1/8-1/4) inhibited virulence traits, including reduction of mycelium (up to 2-fold) and biofilm (up to 4-fold) formation, through a ROS-independent mechanism.
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Hossain ML, Hammer K, Lim LY, Hettiarachchi D, Locher C. Optimisation of an agar overlay assay for the assessment of the antimicrobial activity of topically applied semi-solid antiseptic products including honey-based formulations. METHODS IN MICROBIOLOGY 2022; 202:106596. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2022.106596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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Natural Antifungal Products: Another Option for Antifungal Resistance. Fungal Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-89664-5_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Maksimov AY, Balandina SY, Topanov PA, Mashevskaya IV, Chaudhary S. Organic Antifungal Drugs and Targets of Their Action. Curr Top Med Chem 2021; 21:705-736. [PMID: 33423647 DOI: 10.2174/1568026621666210108122622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In recent decades, there has been a significant increase in the number of fungal diseases. This is due to a wide spectrum of action, immunosuppressants and other group drugs. In terms of frequency, rapid spread and globality, fungal infections are approaching acute respiratory infections. Antimycotics are medicinal substances endorsed with fungicidal or fungistatic properties. For the treatment of fungal diseases, several groups of compounds are used that differ in their origin (natural or synthetic), molecular targets and mechanism of action, antifungal effect (fungicidal or fungistatic), indications for use (local or systemic infections), and methods of administration (parenteral, oral, outdoor). Several efforts have been made by various medicinal chemists around the world for the development of antifungal drugs with high efficacy with the least toxicity and maximum selectivity in the area of antifungal chemotherapy. The pharmacokinetic properties of the new antimycotics are also important: the ability to penetrate biological barriers, be absorbed and distributed in tissues and organs, get accumulated in tissues affected by micromycetes, undergo drug metabolism in the intestinal microflora and human organs, and in the kinetics of excretion from the body. There are several ways to search for new effective antimycotics: - Obtaining new derivatives of the already used classes of antimycotics with improved activity properties. - Screening of new chemical classes of synthetic antimycotic compounds. - Screening of natural compounds. - Identification of new unique molecular targets in the fungal cell. - Development of new compositions and dosage forms with effective delivery vehicles. The methods of informatics, bioinformatics, genomics and proteomics were extensively investigated for the development of new antimycotics. These techniques were employed in finding and identification of new molecular proteins in a fungal cell; in the determination of the selectivity of drugprotein interactions, evaluation of drug-drug interactions and synergism of drugs; determination of the structure-activity relationship (SAR) studies; determination of the molecular design of the most active, selective and safer drugs for the humans, animals and plants. In medical applications, the methods of information analysis and pharmacogenomics allow taking into account the individual phenotype of the patient, the level of expression of the targets of antifungal drugs when choosing antifungal agents and their dosage. This review article incorporates some of the most significant studies covering the basic structures and approaches for the synthesis of antifungal drugs and the directions for their further development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Yu Maksimov
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Chemistry, Perm State University, Perm 614990, Russian Federation
| | - Svetlana Yu Balandina
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Chemistry, Perm State University, Perm 614990, Russian Federation
| | - Pavel A Topanov
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Chemistry, Perm State University, Perm 614990, Russian Federation
| | - Irina V Mashevskaya
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Faculty of Chemistry, Perm State University, Perm 614990, Russian Federation
| | - Sandeep Chaudhary
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Chemistry (OMC lab), Department of Chemistry, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jawaharlal Nehru Marg, Jaipur 302017, India
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Amari NO, Razafimandimby B, Auberon F, Azoulay S, Fernandez X, Berkani A, Bouchara JP, Landreau A. Antifungal and Antiaging Evaluation of Aerial Part Extracts of Thymelaea hirsuta (L.) Endl. Nat Prod Commun 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x20987932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In western Algeria, Thymelaea hirsuta aerial parts are traditionally used topically for the treatment of human skin infections. For a better knowledge of its biological activities, this study aimed at evaluating the in vitro antifungal activity and antiaging properties of several extracts of the aerial parts by in vitro assays. Antifungal activity was investigated by using the reference microbroth dilution method (National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards) against the dermatophytes ( Microsporum audouinii, Nannizzia gypsea, Trichophyton interdigitale, and Trichophyton rubrum) and the yeast ( Candida albicans). Antiaging (inhibition of 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhyorazyl radical scavenging and tyrosinase, lipoxygenase, elastase, and hyaluronidase activities) assays were performed in 96-well plates. All the extracts of T. hirsuta exhibited antifungal activity against M. audouinii, T. rubrum, and C. albicans, while no activity was found against N. gypsea and T. interdigitale. The highest activity was observed on M. audouinii for the aqueous leaf (minimum inhibitory concentration [MIC] of 8 µg/mL) and stem extracts (MIC = 31 µg/mL) and the methanolic leaf extract (MIC = 8 µg/mL). Additionally, some marked morphological alterations were observed on M. audouinii hyphae with all aqueous extracts. Concerning antiage bioassays, the major activity was found against hyaluronidase for the aqueous and methanolic extracts from leaves and the methanolic extract from flowers. Analysis of this last extract by high-performance liquid chromatography, electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry, and nuclear magnetic resonance, allowed us to identify daphnoretin and daphnetin as major components of this extract, and, therefore, responsible for the antiaging activity. In conclusion, this study provides additional experimental data supporting the traditional use of T. hirsuta extracts on some cutaneous dermatophytosis, as well as new perspectives on the potential use of T. hirsuta to ensure better healing of the skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Ouda Amari
- Department of Biology, Pharmacognosy and Api-Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Mostaganem University, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Bienvenue Razafimandimby
- Department of Biology, Groupe d’Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (EA 3142), SFR ICAT 4208, UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Angers, France
| | - Florence Auberon
- Department of Biology, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Parc Valrose, France
| | - Stephane Azoulay
- Department of Biology, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Parc Valrose, France
| | - Xavier Fernandez
- Department of Biology, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Parc Valrose, France
| | - Abdellah Berkani
- Department of Biology, Pharmacognosy and Api-Phytotherapy Research Laboratory, Mostaganem University, Mostaganem, Algeria
| | - Jean-Philippe Bouchara
- Department of Biology, Groupe d’Étude des Interactions Hôte-Pathogène (EA 3142), SFR ICAT 4208, UNIV Angers, UNIV Brest, Angers, France
| | - Anne Landreau
- Department of Biology, Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Chimie de Nice, UMR 7272, Parc Valrose, France
- Department of Biology, Faculté de Santé, Université d’Angers, France
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8
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In Vitro Antifungal and Topical Anti-Inflammatory Properties of Essential Oil from Wild-Growing Thymus vulgaris (Lamiaceae) Used for Medicinal Purposes in Algeria: A New Source of Carvacrol. Sci Pharm 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/scipharm88030033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the Thymus vulgaris essential oil (TVEO) as an antifungal agent in aromatherapy and/or as an active ingredient in the prevention or management of topical inflammatory diseases. The chemical composition of TVEO was determined with gas chromatography and revealed the presence of 25 compounds. Carvacrol was found to be the major component (56.8%). Antifungal action of TVEO was determined in vitro by using different methods. By the disc diffusion method, TVEO showed more potent antifungal activity against Candida strains than the positive control. The diameter of inhibition zone (DIZ) varied from 34 to 60 mm for Candida yeasts. Significantly higher antifungal activity was observed in the vapor phase at lower quantities. Candida albicans and C. parapsilosis were the most susceptible strains to the oil vapor with DIZ varying from 35 to 90 mm. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of yeast were determined with an agar dilution method and revealed that MIC varied from 0.3 to 0.15 µL/mL for yeast species. The topical anti-inflammatory potential of TVEO was also explored in vivo with the croton oil-induced ear edema assay. TVEO exhibited a potent anti-inflammatory effect at all doses (100, 10 and 2 mg/kg), which were statistically similar (p > 0.05) to the positive control. This activity was also confirmed at the cellular level with histopathology analysis. Our results suggest the potential application of this carvacrol-rich TVEO in the prevention and management of fungal infections and topical inflammation and deserve further investigation for clinical applications. Furthermore, while the mode of action remains mainly undetermined and should be studied.
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Touil HFZ, Boucherit K, Boucherit-Otmani Z, Kohder G, Madkour M, Soliman SSM. Optimum Inhibition of Amphotericin-B-Resistant Candida albicans Strain in Single- and Mixed-Species Biofilms by Candida and Non- Candida Terpenoids. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10020342. [PMID: 32098224 PMCID: PMC7072433 DOI: 10.3390/biom10020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida albicans is one of the most common human fungal pathogens and represents the most important cause of opportunistic mycoses worldwide. Surgical devices including catheters are easily contaminated with C. albicans via its formation of drug-resistant biofilms. In this study, amphotericin-B-resistant C. albicans strains were isolated from surgical devices at an intensive care center. The objective of this study was to develop optimized effective inhibitory treatment of resistant C. albicans by terpenoids, known to be produced naturally as protective signals. Endogenously produced farnesol by C. albicans yeast and plant terpenoids, carvacrol, and cuminaldehyde were tested separately or in combination on amphotericin-B-resistant C. albicans in either single- or mixed-infections. The results showed that farnesol did not inhibit hyphae formation when associated with bacteria. Carvacrol and cuminaldehyde showed variable inhibitory effects on C. albicans yeast compared to hyphae formation. A combination of farnesol with carvacrol showed synergistic inhibitory activities not only on C. albicans yeast and hyphae, but also on biofilms formed from single- and mixed-species and at reduced doses. The combined terpenoids also showed biofilm-penetration capability. The aforementioned terpenoid combination will not only be useful in the treatment of different resistant Candida forms, but also in the safe prevention of biofilm formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidaya F. Z. Touil
- Laboratory Antibiotics Antifungals: Physico-Chemical, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Tlemcen University, Tlemcen B.P 119, Algeria; (H.F.Z.T.); (K.B.); (Z.B.-O.)
| | - Kebir Boucherit
- Laboratory Antibiotics Antifungals: Physico-Chemical, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Tlemcen University, Tlemcen B.P 119, Algeria; (H.F.Z.T.); (K.B.); (Z.B.-O.)
- University Center Belhadj Bouchaïb, Aïn Temouchent BP 284, Algeria
| | - Zahia Boucherit-Otmani
- Laboratory Antibiotics Antifungals: Physico-Chemical, Synthesis and Biological Activity (LapSab), Tlemcen University, Tlemcen B.P 119, Algeria; (H.F.Z.T.); (K.B.); (Z.B.-O.)
| | - Ghalia Kohder
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO. Box 27272, UAE; (G.K.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO. Box 27272, UAE
| | - Mohamed Madkour
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO. Box 27272, UAE; (G.K.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Collage of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO. Box 27272, UAE
| | - Sameh S. M. Soliman
- Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO. Box 27272, UAE; (G.K.); (M.M.)
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah PO. Box 27272, UAE
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, University of Zagazig, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +971-6505-7472
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De Gregorio PR, Silva JA, Marchesi A, Nader-Macías MEF. Anti-Candida activity of beneficial vaginal lactobacilli in in vitro assays and in a murine experimental model. FEMS Yeast Res 2019; 19:5300136. [PMID: 30689833 DOI: 10.1093/femsyr/foz008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) is one of the most frequent infections affecting women worldwide. Healthy vaginal microbiota is dominated by lactobacilli, which form a strong defense line against pathogens. In this work, in vitro antimicrobial properties of thirty vaginal Lactobacillus strains were evaluated against eleven Candida vaginal clinical isolates, employing three different methods. Also, the effect of intravaginal (i.va.) administrations (preventive, therapeutic and preventive-therapeutic) of L. reuteri CRL1324 or L. rhamnosus CRL1332 strains against the i.va. challenge with Candida albicans C2 (C.a.) was evaluated in a murine experimental model. From the results of agar overlay and liquid medium assays the selected lactobacilli strains have shown to inhibit the growth of at least one Candida strain. The inhibition was mainly due to the effect of organic acids. Anti-Candida activity was not evidenced in the agar plate diffusion method. In the experimental murine model, only preventive-therapeutic administration of both lactobacilli was able to significantly reduce viable C.a. numbers recovered in vaginal washes and the leukocyte influx induced by the fungi. In conclusion, lactobacilli exhibited in vitro and in vivo antimicrobial effects on Candida, suggesting that they could be promising candidates for protection against VVC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priscilla Romina De Gregorio
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco 145, 4000. San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Jessica Alejandra Silva
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco 145, 4000. San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Antonella Marchesi
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco 145, 4000. San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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Akter J, Islam MZ, Takara K, Hossain MA, Sano A. Isolation and structural elucidation of antifungal compounds from Ryudai gold (Curcuma longa) against Fusarium solani sensu lato isolated from American manatee. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 219:87-94. [PMID: 30802619 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In a previous study, we reported that Curcuma longa strain Ryudai gold (RD) showed antifungal activity against Fusarium solani sensu lato (FSSL) among the different species and varieties of turmeric. The present study focused on isolation, identification and structural elucidation of antifungal compounds in RD. The ethyl acetate (EtOAc) fraction was eluted with n-hexane and EtOAc with gradually increasing the concentration of EtOAc (n-hexane:EtOAc; 100:0; 80:20; 60:40, 40:60, 20:80 and 0:100). The antifungal compounds were isolated from the most effective fraction by using silica gel, TOYOPEARL® HW-40F column, and high-performance liquid chromatography. Structural identification of the antifungal compounds was conducted using 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The MeOH extract of the rhizome of RD inhibited the growth of FSSL in a concentration-dependent manner. The EtOAc fraction of the MeOH extract of RD demonstrated the highest antifungal activity against FSSL. The purified antifungal compounds were turmeronol B (1), turmeronol A (2), (E)-α-atlantone (3), dihydrobisdemethoxycurcumin (4), demethoxycurcumin (5) and curcumin (6). These six compounds showed concentration-dependent antifungal activity against FSSL. The concentration required for 50% growth inhibition (IC50) of the four isolates of FSSL ranged from 116 to172, 127 to 185, 88 to 109, 90 to 112, 74 to 80 and 63 to 68 μM/L for turmeronol B, turmeronol A, (E)-α-atlantone, dihydrobisdemethoxycurcumin, demethoxycurcumin and curcumin, respectively. These results suggested that RD contained potential antifungal compounds that could be useful to control FSSL. The isolated compounds of RD can be a good source of natural antifungal agents or the lead compounds for the development of new synthetic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesmin Akter
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Md Zahorul Islam
- Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan; Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Kensaku Takara
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
| | - Md Amzad Hossain
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan.
| | - Ayako Sano
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture, University of the Ryukyus, Okinawa 903-0213, Japan
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12
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Cavanagh HMA. Antifungal Activity of the Volatile Phase of Essential Oils: A Brief Review. Nat Prod Commun 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x0700201222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Interest in the antifungal activity of essential oils has increased markedly in recent years. The volatile (vapour) components of several essential oils have been demonstrated to have potent antifungal activity, often in excess of that displayed in direct contact assays. A lack of consistent methodology and reporting, however, hinders direct comparison of publications. A variety of mechanisms have been suggested for the activity of these active volatiles against hyphate fungi. This paper briefly reviews some of the more recent data and identifies areas that require standardization and further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather M. A. Cavanagh
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Charles Sturt University, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
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Moradi Alvand Z, Rajabi HR, Mirzaei A, Masoumiasl A. Ultrasonic and microwave assisted extraction as rapid and efficient techniques for plant mediated synthesis of quantum dots: green synthesis, characterization of zinc telluride and comparison study of some biological activities. NEW J CHEM 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9nj03144h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In this study, a simple, rapid, and efficient plant-mediated green approach was presented for the synthesis of stable and ultra-small zinc telluride quantum dots (ZnTe QDs) using the aqueous extract of the Ficus johannis plant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ali Mirzaei
- Medicinal Plants Research Center
- Yasuj University of Medical Sciences
- Yasuj
- Iran
| | - Asad Masoumiasl
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding
- Faculty of Agriculture
- Yasouj University
- Yasouj 75918-74831
- Iran
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Gasu EN, Ahor HS, Borquaye LS. Peptide Extract from Olivancillaria hiatula Exhibits Broad-Spectrum Antibacterial Activity. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:6010572. [PMID: 30671464 PMCID: PMC6323461 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6010572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Increasing reports of infectious diseases worldwide have become a global concern in recent times. Depleted antibiotic pipelines, rapid and complex cases of antimicrobial resistance, and emergence and re-emergence of infectious disease have necessitated an urgent need for the development of new antimicrobial therapeutics, preferably with novel modes of action. Due to their distinct mode of action, antimicrobial peptides offer an interesting alternative to conventional antibiotics to deal with the problems enumerated. In this study, the antimicrobial potential of the peptide extract from the marine mollusc, Olivancillaria hiatula, was evaluated in vitro. Agar diffusion and broth dilution techniques were used to evaluate microbial susceptibility to the peptide extract. Microplate-based assays were also used to investigate time-dependent growth inhibition profiles of microbes in the presence of peptide and evaluate the peptide's ability to modulate the activities of standard antibiotics. Both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria were inhibited by the peptide extract in the agar diffusion assay. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of peptide against test microorganisms was between 0.039 and 2.5 mg/mL. At the MIC, the peptide extract was bacteriostatic towards all tested microorganisms but bactericidal to Staphylococcus aureus. In the presence of the peptide extract, a prolonged lag phase was observed for all microbes, similar to standard ciprofloxacin. When administered together, peptide extracts enhanced the activities of ciprofloxacin and cefotaxime and were antagonistic towards erythromycin but indifferent towards metronidazole. Taken together, these results show the broad-spectrum antibacterial activity of peptide extract from Olivancillaria hiatula and demonstrate that antimicrobial peptides can be employed in combination with some conventional antibiotics for improved effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Ntim Gasu
- Central Laboratory, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Hubert Senanu Ahor
- Central Laboratory, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
| | - Lawrence Sheringham Borquaye
- Central Laboratory, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
- Department of Chemistry, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi, Ghana
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Miranda FM, Braga do Nascimento Junior B, Aguiar RM, Pereira RS, De Oliveira Teixeira A, De Oliveira DM, Lima EDO, Oigman SS, de Rezende CM, Froldi G. Promising antifungal activity of Croton tricolor stem essential oil against Candida yeasts. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2018.1539416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabrício Mendes Miranda
- Department of Sciences and Technology, State University of Southwest Bahia (UESB), Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Rosane Moura Aguiar
- Department of Sciences and Technology, State University of Southwest Bahia (UESB), Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | - Rafael Santos Pereira
- Department of Sciences and Technology, State University of Southwest Bahia (UESB), Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Djalma Menezes De Oliveira
- Department of Sciences and Technology, State University of Southwest Bahia (UESB), Jequié, Bahia, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Siag Oigman
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | - Guglielmina Froldi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
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Zuzarte M, Alves-Silva JM, Alves M, Cavaleiro C, Salgueiro L, Cruz MT. New insights on the anti-inflammatory potential and safety profile of Thymus carnosus and Thymus camphoratus essential oils and their main compounds. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 225:10-17. [PMID: 29933014 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Thymus camphoratus and T. carnosus are widely used in Portugal for the treatment of inflammatory-related conditions, such as inflammation of the respiratory tract, being the later also used as an antitussive. AIM OF THE STUDY Bearing in mind the lack of scientific studies focused on the pharmacological activity of Thymus camphoratus and T. carnosus, this work was designed to validate the anti-inflammatory properties ascribed to these traditional species and concomitantly to unveil both the putative molecular mechanisms behind their bioactivity as well as the safety profile of their essential oils and major compounds. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chemical composition of the essential oils was assessed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography - mass spectroscopy (GC/MS). The nitric oxide (NO) scavenging potential of the oils was tested using S-nitroso-N-acetyl-D,L-penicillamine (SNAP) as NO donor. The anti-inflammatory potential of the essential oils and their major compounds was evaluated by measuring the nitric oxide (NO) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophages as well as the expression of the pro-inflammatory enzymes, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Importantly, and in an attempt to assess the safety profile of the oils and respective major compounds, their effect on macrophages and hepatocytes viability was also determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. RESULTS T. carnosus essential oil was characterized by high amounts of borneol and camphene whereas T. camphoratus oil was rich in 1,8-cineole and borneol. The later presented higher pharmacological activity showing inhibitory effects towards NO production at lower concentrations (0.16 µL/mL) and concomitantly inhibiting the expression of two crucial pro-inflammatory proteins, iNOS and COX-2 (at 0.32 µL/mL). Since no NO scavenging activity was achieved, it is reasonable to conclude that the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oils occurs upstream of iNOS expression, probably through inhibition of relevant pro-inflammatory signal transduction pathways. Importantly, at bioactive concentrations, the essential oils were devoid of toxicity towards macrophages and hepatocytes. The activity of the isolated compounds was far from that observed for the essential oils, thus suggesting that the anti-inflammatory activity is due to a synergic effect between several compounds in the mixture. CONCLUSION Overall, the results herein presented sustain and strengthen the anti-inflammatory properties traditionally ascribed to T. carnosus and T. camphoratus. Additionally, the molecular mechanisms associated to their pharmacological activity were highlighted, opening new avenues for the development of effective anti-inflammatory herbal medicinal products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mónica Zuzarte
- CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Jorge M Alves-Silva
- CIEPQPF and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Melissa Alves
- CIEPQPF and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Carlos Cavaleiro
- CIEPQPF and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Lígia Salgueiro
- CIEPQPF and Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.
| | - Maria Teresa Cruz
- CNC.IBILI, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de S. Comba, 3000-354 Coimbra, Portugal.
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Armijos C, Valarezo E, Cartuche L, Zaragoza T, Finzi PV, Mellerio GG, Vidari G. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of Myrcianthes fragrans essential oil, a natural aromatizer of the traditional Ecuadorian beverage colada morada. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 225:319-326. [PMID: 30030122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2018.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOBOTANICAL AND ETHNOMEDICINAL RELEVANCE The importance given in Ecuador to the rescue of traditional knowledge and nutritional value of ancestral foods and drinks, has stimulated our investigation of the chemical composition and some biological activities of M. fragrans ('arrayán') essential oil, a natural aromatic additive used in the preparation of the traditional fruit-juice 'colada morada', which is typically drunk in the Day of the Dead or All Soul´s Day. MATERIAL AND METHODS Different essential oils of Myrcianthes fragrans (Sw.) McVaught were obtained by hydrodistillation of the aerial parts of the plant collected in Cerro Villonaco (Loja-Ecuador) at three different phenological growth stages, i.e., during foliation (Fo), flowering (Fl) and fruiting (Fr) stages. The chemical compositions of the essential oils were determined by GC/MS and GC/FID techniques. The antimicrobial activities were determined by the broth microdilution method and reported as minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC, ug/mL). AIMS OF THE STUDY i) to investigate the traditional uses of arrayán (M. fragrans) in the South region of Ecuador; ii) to identify the main components of the essential oils isolated at different phenological stages; iiì) to test the antimicrobial activity of the essential oils against bacteria and yeasts causing human ailments and a yeast causing food spoilage. RESULTS 37, 46 and 38 compounds, representing 96.5%, 96.2%, and 95.6% of the three essential oils (Fo, Fl and Fr), respectively, have been identified. Oxygenated monoterpenes (OM) were the major components with percentages of 63.1 (Fo), 49.4 (Fl), and 61.9% (Fr), respectively. The main constituents of the essential oils were the monoterpene aldehydes geranial (1) and neral (2), the content of which varied, depending on the phenological development stage of the plant, spanning from 31.1% and 23.6% (Fo), to 23.6% and 17.8% (Fl), and 29.7% and 24.3% (Fr), respectively. In vitro antimicrobial tests showed that the essential oils from M. fragrans exhibited good activity against the Gram-negative bacteria, K. pneumoniae, and against the yeasts, C. albicans and S. cerevisiae. CONCLUSIONS The oil is characterized by a high concentration of the monoterpene aldehydes geranial and neral (citral), that make the aroma of colada morada prepared in southern Ecuador quite different from the beverage made in other regions of the country, where other types of myrtles (Myrtaceae spp.) are used. Moreover, the oil may become a new rich source of the important industrial chemical citral. The pleasant aromatic properties and the good in vitro antimicrobial activity of arrayán oil suggest a plausible scientific explanation for the traditional uses of the plant not only as a natural aromatizer of a traditional beverage but also as a natural anti-infective and anti-yeast agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chabaco Armijos
- Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, San Cayetano Alto, s/n. AP: 11 01 608, Loja, Ecuador.
| | - Eduardo Valarezo
- Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, San Cayetano Alto, s/n. AP: 11 01 608, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Luis Cartuche
- Universidad Técnica Particular de Loja, Departamento de Química y Ciencias Exactas, San Cayetano Alto, s/n. AP: 11 01 608, Loja, Ecuador
| | - Tomás Zaragoza
- Escuela de Ciencias Agrícolas y Ambientales, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Ecuador, Sede Ibarra (PUCE-SI), Av. Jorge Guzmán Rueda y Av. Aurelio Espinosa Pólit. Ciudadela "La Victoria, Ibarra, Provincia de Imbabura, Ecuador
| | - Paola Vita Finzi
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centro CEMEC, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giorgio Giacomo Mellerio
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centro CEMEC, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vidari
- Dipartimento di Chimica and Centro CEMEC, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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Lichen Xanthones as Models for New Antifungal Agents. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23102617. [PMID: 30322037 PMCID: PMC6222623 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Due to the emergence of multidrug-resistant pathogenic microorganisms, the search for new antimicrobial compounds plays an important role in current medicinal chemistry research. Inspired by lichen antimicrobial xanthones, a series of novel chlorinated xanthones was prepared using five chlorination methods (Methods A⁻E) to obtain different patterns of substitution in the xanthone scaffold. All the synthesized compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobial activity. Among them, 3-chloro-4,6-dimethoxy-1-methyl-9H-xanthen-9-one 15 showed promising antibacterial activity against E. faecalis (ATCC 29212 and 29213) and S. aureus ATCC 29213. 2,7-Dichloro-3,4,6-trimethoxy-1-methyl-9H-xanthen-9-one 18 revealed a potent fungistatic and fungicidal activity against dermatophytes clinical strains (T. rubrum, M. canis, and E. floccosum (MIC = 4⁻8 µg/mL)). Moreover, when evaluated for its synergistic effect for T. rubrum, compound 18 exhibited synergy with fluconazole (ΣFIC = 0.289). These results disclosed new hit xanthones for both antibacterial and antifungal activity.
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Karaca N, Demirci B, Demirci F. Evaluation of Lavandula stoechas L. subsp. stoechas L., Mentha spicata L. subsp. spicata L. essential oils and their main components against sinusitis pathogens. Z NATURFORSCH C 2018; 73:353-360. [PMID: 29485971 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2017-0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Lavandula stoechas subsp. stoechas and Mentha spicata subsp. spicata are used for the treatment of sinusitis in Turkish folk medicine. The components of essential oils obtained by hydrodistillation were determined by gas chromatography-flame ionization detector (GC-FID), gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS), and thin layer chromatography (TLC). Major components of L. stoechas and M. spicata oils were determined as camphor (46.7%) and carvone (60.6%), respectively. The antibacterial activity of essential oils and their main components were tested against the common selected sinusitis pathogens Streptococcus pneumoniae, Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus, Haemophilus influenzae, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using in vitro agar diffusion, microdilution, and vapor diffusion methods. As a result, the tested plant materials, which are locally and natively used against sinusitis, were relatively mild antibacterial (in vitro MICs 310–1250 μg/mL) in action. To use essential oils and their components safely in sinusitis therapy, further detailed in vivo experiments are needed to support their efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nursenem Karaca
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Betül Demirci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, Eskişehir, Turkey
| | - Fatih Demirci
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Anadolu University, 26470-Eskişehir, Turkey, Phone: +90 (222) 335 05 80 - ext. 3711, Fax: +90 (222) 335 07 50, E-mail:
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Burger P, Landreau A, Watson M, Janci L, Cassisa V, Kempf M, Azoulay S, Fernandez X. Vetiver Essential Oil in Cosmetics: What Is New? MEDICINES 2017; 4:medicines4020041. [PMID: 28930256 PMCID: PMC5590077 DOI: 10.3390/medicines4020041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2017] [Revised: 06/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Vetiver is a key ingredient for the perfume industry nowadays. However, with the constant and rapid changes of personal tastes, this appeal could vanish and this sector could decline quite quickly. New dissemination paths need to be found to tap this valuable resource. Methods: In this way, its potential use in cosmetics either as an active ingredient per se (with cosmeceutical significance or presenting antimicrobial activity) has hence been explored in vitro. Results: In this contribution, we demonstrated that vetiver essential oil displays no particularly significant and innovative cosmetic potential value in formulations apart from its scent already largely exploited. However, evaluated against twenty bacterial strains and two Candida species using the in vitro microbroth dilution method, vetiver oil demonstrated notably some outstanding activities against Gram-positive strains and against one Candida glabrata strain. Conclusions: Based on these findings, vetiver essential oil appears to be an appropriate aspirant for the development of an antimicrobial agent for medicinal purposes and for the development of a cosmetic ingredient used for its scent and displaying antimicrobial activity as an added value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline Burger
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ICN, Nice CEDEX 2, 06108 Parc Valrose, France.
| | - Anne Landreau
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ICN, Nice CEDEX 2, 06108 Parc Valrose, France.
- Université d'Angers, UFR Santé, 16 Boulevard Daviers, CEDEX 01, 49045 Angers, France.
| | - Marie Watson
- Extraits de Bourbon, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, La Réunion, 97490 Ste Clothilde, France.
| | - Laurent Janci
- Extraits de Bourbon, 2 rue Maxime Rivière, La Réunion, 97490 Ste Clothilde, France.
| | - Viviane Cassisa
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 4 rue Larrey, CEDEX 09, 49933 Angers, France.
| | - Marie Kempf
- Laboratoire de Bactériologie-Hygiène, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire, 4 rue Larrey, CEDEX 09, 49933 Angers, France.
| | - Stéphane Azoulay
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ICN, Nice CEDEX 2, 06108 Parc Valrose, France.
| | - Xavier Fernandez
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, ICN, Nice CEDEX 2, 06108 Parc Valrose, France.
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Cotoras M, Castro P, Vivanco H, Melo R, Mendoza L. Farnesol induces apoptosis-like phenotype in the phytopathogenic fungusBotrytis cinerea. Mycologia 2017; 105:28-33. [DOI: 10.3852/12-012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Cotoras
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universídad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Paulo Castro
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universídad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Herman Vivanco
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universídad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Ricardo Melo
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universídad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
| | - Leonora Mendoza
- Facultad de Química y Biología, Universídad de Santiago de Chile (USACH), Santiago, Chile
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Lu M, Li T, Wan J, Li X, Yuan L, Sun S. Antifungal effects of phytocompounds on Candida species alone and in combination with fluconazole. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2016; 49:125-136. [PMID: 28040409 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2016.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Invasive fungal infections caused by Candida spp. remain the most predominant nosocomial fungal infections. Owing to the increased use of antifungal agents, resistance of Candida spp. to antimycotics has emerged frequently, especially to fluconazole (FLC). To cope with this issue, new efforts have been dedicated to discovering novel antimycotics or new agents that can enhance the susceptibility of Candida spp. to existing antimycotics. The secondary metabolites of plants represent a large library of compounds that are important sources for new drugs or compounds suitable for further modification. Research on the anti-Candida activities of phytocompounds has been carried out in recent years and the results showed that a series of phytocompounds have anti-Candida properties, such as phenylpropanoids, flavonoids, terpenoids and alkaloids. Among these phytocompounds, some displayed potent antifungal activity, with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of ≤8 µg/mL, and several compounds were even more effective against drug-resistant Candida spp. than FLC or itraconazole (e.g. honokiol, magnolol and shikonin). Interestingly, quite a few phytocompounds not only displayed anti-Candida activity alone but also synergised with FLC against Candida spp., even leading to a reversal of FLC resistance. This review focuses on summarising the anti-Candida activities of phytocompounds as well as the interactions of phytocompounds with FLC. In addition, we briefly overview the synergistic mechanisms and present the structure of the antimycotic phytocompounds. Hopefully, this analysis will provide insight into antifungal agent discovery and new approaches against antifungal drug resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengjiao Lu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Tao Li
- Intensive Care Unit, Qianfoshan Hospital affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China
| | - Jianjian Wan
- Department of Respiratory, Yucheng People's Hospital, Yucheng, Shandong Province 251200, China
| | - Xiuyun Li
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250012, China
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Pharmacy, Baodi District People's Hospital, Tianjin 301800, China
| | - Shujuan Sun
- Department of Pharmacy, Qianfoshan Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province 250014, China.
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Barbosa LCA, Filomeno CA, Teixeira RR. Chemical Variability and Biological Activities of Eucalyptus spp. Essential Oils. Molecules 2016; 21:E1671. [PMID: 27941612 PMCID: PMC6273930 DOI: 10.3390/molecules21121671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 11/20/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Many plant species produce mixtures of odorous and volatile compounds known as essential oils (EOs). These mixtures play important roles in Nature and have been utilized by mankind for different purposes, such as pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, aromatherapy, and food flavorants. There are more than 3000 EOs reported in the literature, with approximately 300 in commercial use, including the EOs from Eucalyptus species. Most EOs from Eucalyptus species are rich in monoterpenes and many have found applications in pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, food flavorants, and perfumes. Such applications are related to their diverse biological and organoleptic properties. In this study, we review the latest information concerning the chemical composition and biological activities of EOs from different species of Eucalyptus. Among the 900 species and subspecies of the Eucalyptus genus, we examined 68 species. The studies associated with these species were conducted in 27 countries. We have focused on the antimicrobial, acaricidal, insecticidal and herbicidal activities, hoping that such information will contribute to the development of research in this field. It is also intended that the information described in this study can be useful in the rationalization of the use of Eucalyptus EOs as components for pharmaceutical and agrochemical applications as well as food preservatives and flavorants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Claudio Almeida Barbosa
- Departament of Chemistry, ICEx, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Av. Presidente Antônio Carlos, 6627, Campus Pampulha, Belo Horizonte, MG 31270-901, Brazil.
- Departament of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
| | - Claudinei Andrade Filomeno
- Departament of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
- Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, Av. Ministro Salgado Filho, 1000, Campus Vila Velha, Vila Velha, ES 29106-010, Brazil.
| | - Robson Ricardo Teixeira
- Departament of Chemistry, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Av. P.H. Rolfs, S/N, Viçosa, MG 36570-900, Brazil.
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Blaskó Á, Gazdag Z, Gróf P, Máté G, Sárosi S, Krisch J, Vágvölgyi C, Makszin L, Pesti M. Effects of clary sage oil and its main components, linalool and linalyl acetate, on the plasma membrane of Candida albicans: an in vivo EPR study. Apoptosis 2016; 22:175-187. [DOI: 10.1007/s10495-016-1321-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Mandras N, Nostro A, Roana J, Scalas D, Banche G, Ghisetti V, Del Re S, Fucale G, Cuffini AM, Tullio V. Liquid and vapour-phase antifungal activities of essential oils against Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 16:330. [PMID: 27576581 PMCID: PMC5006570 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1316-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of Candida infections faces many problems, such as a limited number of antifungal drugs, toxicity, resistance of Candida to commonly antifungal drugs, relapse of Candida infections, and the high cost of antifungal drugs. Though azole antifungal agents and derivatives continue to dominate as drugs of choice against Candida infections, there are many available data referring to the anticandidal activity of essential oils. Since we have previous observed a good antimicrobial activity of some essential oils against filamentous fungi, the aim of this study was to extend the research to evaluate the activity of the same oils on Candida albicans, C.glabrata and C.tropicalis clinical strains, as well as the effects of related components. Essential oils selection was based both on ethnomedicinal use and on proved antibacterial and/or antifungal activity of some of these oils. Fluconazole and voriconazole were used as reference drugs. METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) of essential oils (thyme red, fennel, clove, pine, sage, lemon balm, and lavender) and their major components were investigated by the broth microdilution method (BM) and the vapour contact assay (VC). RESULTS Using BM, pine oil showed the best activity against all strains tested, though C.albicans was more susceptible than C.glabrata and C.tropicalis (MIC50-MIC90 = 0.06 %, v/v). On the contrary, sage oil displayed a weak activity (MIC50-MIC90 = 1 %, v/v). Thyme red oil (MIC50-MIC90 ≤ 0.0038 %, v/v for C.albicans and C.tropicalis, and 0.0078- < 0.015 %, v/v for C.glabrata), followed by lemon balm, lavender and sage were the most effective by VC. Carvacrol and thymol showed the highest activity, whereas linalyl acetate showed the lowest activity both by two methods. α-pinene displayed a better activity by BM than VC. CONCLUSION Results show a good activity of essential oils, mainly thymus red and pine oils, and their components carvacrol, thymol and α-pinene against Candida spp., including fluconazole/voriconazole resistant strains. These data encourage adequately controlled and randomized clinical investigations. The use in vapour phase could have additional advantages without requiring direct contact, resulting in easy of environmental application such as in hospital, and/or in school.
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Scotto CI, Burger P, Khodjet el Khil M, Ginouves M, Prevot G, Blanchet D, Delprete PG, Fernandez X. Composition and antifungal activity of the essential oil of Nashia inaguensis Millsp. (Verbenaceae) cultivated in French Guiana. JOURNAL OF ESSENTIAL OIL RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/10412905.2016.1142477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Camille Inès Scotto
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, ICN, UMR 7272, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | - Pauline Burger
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, ICN, UMR 7272, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
| | | | - Marine Ginouves
- Université de la Guyane, Laboratoire des écosystèmes amazoniens et pathologie tropicale EA 3593 – Labex CEBA DFR Santé, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Ghislaine Prevot
- Université de la Guyane, Laboratoire des écosystèmes amazoniens et pathologie tropicale EA 3593 – Labex CEBA DFR Santé, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Denis Blanchet
- Université de la Guyane, Laboratoire des écosystèmes amazoniens et pathologie tropicale EA 3593 – Labex CEBA DFR Santé, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
- Laboratoire hospitalo-universitaire de parasitologie et mycologie, Centre hospitalier de Cayenne, Cayenne, French Guiana, France
| | - Piero G. Delprete
- Herbier IRD de Guyane, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR AMAP, Boite Postale 165, 97323 Cayenne Cedex, French Guiana, France
| | - Xavier Fernandez
- Université Nice Sophia Antipolis, ICN, UMR 7272, Parc Valrose, 06108 Nice Cedex 2, France
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Mokni RE, Hammami S, Dall'Acqua S, Peron G, Faidi K, Braude JP, Sebei H, Aouni MHE. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant and Cytotoxic Activities of Essential Oil of the Inflorescence of Anacamptis coriophora subsp. fragrans (Orchidaceae) from Tunisia. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The chemical composition of the essential oil produced by steam distillation of the inflorescences of naturally growing Anacamptis coriophora (L.) R. M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M. W. Chase subsp. fragrans (Pollini) R. M. Bateman, Pridgeon & M. W. Chase (Orchidaceae) from Kroumiria, north-west Tunisia was studied by GC-MS, which led to the identification of 19 volatile components, representing 97% of the oil. The main constituents were methyl-( E)-p-methoxycinnamate (29.3%), 13-heptadecyn-l-ol (18.6%), 2,5-dimethoxybenzyl alcohol (14.1%) and 4-(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl)-phenol (9.0%). DPPH radical scavenging revealed a weak antioxidant activity. In addition, the antiproliferative effects were evaluated on BxPC3 human pancreatic carcinoma cells and on 2008 human ovarian cancer cells showing significant effect. This is the first report of the chemical composition of essential oils obtained from A coriophora subsp. fragrans inflorescences for North Africa. Further studies are needed to understand fully the possible mechanism of action behind the cytotoxic activity of the essential oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ridha El Mokni
- University of Carthage, Laboratory of Botany and Plant Ecology (SNA-214), Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Jarzouna, 7021, Bizerta, Tunisia
- University of Carthage, Laboratory of Soil Sciences and Environment, Mograne Graduate School of Agriculture, 1121 Mograne, Zaghouan, Tunisia
- University of Jendouba, Silvo-pastoral resources Laboratory, Silvo-Pastoral Institute of Tabarka, BP. 345, 8110-Tabarka, Tunisia
- IRESA, Laboratory of Forest Ecology, I.N.R.G.RF.F, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Saoussen Hammami
- Research Unit 12-04, Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Stefano Dall'Acqua
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Gregorio Peron
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Khaled Faidi
- Research Unit 12-04, Applied Chemistry and Environment, Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, 5000, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Jeremy Phillip Braude
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, Via F. Marzolo, 5, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Houcine Sebei
- University of Carthage, Laboratory of Soil Sciences and Environment, Mograne Graduate School of Agriculture, 1121 Mograne, Zaghouan, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Hédi El Aouni
- University of Carthage, Laboratory of Botany and Plant Ecology (SNA-214), Department of Life Sciences, Faculty of Sciences of Bizerte, Jarzouna, 7021, Bizerta, Tunisia
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Efficacy of ferulic acid encapsulated chitosan nanoparticles against Candida albicans biofilm. Microb Pathog 2016; 95:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2016.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Scorzoni L, Sangalli-Leite F, de Lacorte Singulani J, de Paula e Silva ACA, Costa-Orlandi CB, Fusco-Almeida AM, Mendes-Giannini MJS. Searching new antifungals: The use of in vitro and in vivo methods for evaluation of natural compounds. J Microbiol Methods 2016; 123:68-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mimet.2016.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 01/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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de Castro RD, de Souza TMPA, Bezerra LMD, Ferreira GLS, de Brito Costa EMM, Cavalcanti AL. Antifungal activity and mode of action of thymol and its synergism with nystatin against Candida species involved with infections in the oral cavity: an in vitro study. Altern Ther Health Med 2015; 15:417. [PMID: 26601661 PMCID: PMC4659158 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0947-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2015] [Accepted: 11/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Limitations of antifungal agents used in the treatment of oral candidiasis, as the development of resistant strains, are known by the scientific community. In this context, the aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of thymol against Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis and Candida krusei strains and to determine its mode of action and synergistic effect when combined with the synthetic antifungal nystatin. METHODS The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined using a microdilution technique, and the minimum fungicidal concentration (MFC) was determined via subculture sowing. The mode of action of thymol was established by verifying fungal growth in the presence of sorbitol or ergosterol. The fractional inhibitory concentration index (FIC) was determined using the checkerboard method. RESULTS Thymol presented an antifungal effect, with MICs of 39 μg/mL for C. albicans and C. krusei and 78 μg/mL for C. tropicalis. The results of the antifungal test remained unchanged in the presence of sorbitol; however, the MIC value of thymol against C. albicans increased eight times (from 39.0 to 312.5 μg/mL) in presence of exogenous ergosterol. The combination of thymol and nystatin reduced the MIC values of both products by 87.4%, generating an FIC index of 0.25. CONCLUSIONS Thymol was found to have a fungicidal effect on Candida species and a synergistic effect when combined with nystatin.
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Adel M, Abedian Amiri A, Zorriehzahra J, Nematolahi A, Esteban MÁ. Effects of dietary peppermint (Mentha piperita) on growth performance, chemical body composition and hematological and immune parameters of fry Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 45:841-847. [PMID: 26067171 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) is a very popular herb. While numerous effects have been described in mammals, its effects on fish have received so far limited attention. The effects of dietary administration of peppermint on fry Caspian white fish (Rutilus frisii kutum) were studied. Fish were divided into 4 groups before being fed diets supplemented with 0% (control), 1%, 2% and 3% of peppermint extracts for 8 weeks. Dose-dependent increases of growth parameters (WG and SGR), mucus skin (protein concentration, alkaline phosphatase and antimicrobial activity) and seric (lysozyme and IgM) and blood leucocyte respiratory burst activities and different hematological parameters (number of red and white cells, seric hemoglobin and hematocrit content) were recorded in fry fish fed supplemented diets. However, the dietary peppermint supplements have different effects on the number of blood leucocytes depending on the leucocyte cell type. While no significant differences were observed in the number of blood monocytes and eosinophils, the number of neutrophils and lymphocytes was increased and decreased, respectively, on fish fed peppermint enriched diets, respect to the values found in control fish. Present results corroborate that dietary administration of peppermint promotes growth performance and increases the main hematological and immune humoral (both mucosal and systemic) parameters of fry Caspian white fish. This study may provide new applications of peppermint and, at the same time, promote rational development and utilization of peppermint resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milad Adel
- Iranian Fisheries Research Organization, 13185-116 Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Amin Nematolahi
- School of Veterinary Medicine, Shahrekord University, 115 Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Maria Ángeles Esteban
- Fish Innate Immune System Group, Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, 30100 Murcia, Spain.
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Saharkhiz MJ, Kamyab AA, Kazerani NK, Zomorodian K, Pakshir K, Rahimi MJ. Chemical Compositions and Antimicrobial Activities of Ocimum sanctum L. Essential Oils at Different Harvest Stages. Jundishapur J Microbiol 2014; 8:e13720. [PMID: 25763132 PMCID: PMC4344766 DOI: 10.5812/jjm.13720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Revised: 09/28/2013] [Accepted: 10/09/2013] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Essential Oils (EOs) possess antibacterial properties and represent a natural source to treat infections and prevent food spoilage. Their chemical composition might be affected by the environmental condition and the developmental growth stages of the plant. OBJECTIVES The current study aimed to determine the variations in chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of the EOs of Ocimum sanctum L. at different stages of harvesting. MATERIALS AND METHODS The oils constituents were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The effects of three different harvest stages of O. sanctum EOs against most common causes of food-borne were evaluated by broth micro-dilution method as recommended by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). RESULTS The analysis of the EOs indicated that eugenol was the major compound of the EOs at all developmental stages which reached its maximum level at the second stage. The results showed that the tested EOs exhibited antimicrobial activities against all of the examined pathogens at concentrations of 0.125-32 µL/mL, except Pseudomonas aeruginosa which was only inhibited by high concentrations of the floral budding and full flowering EOs. EO distilled from the second developmental growth stage (floral budding) of O. sanctum exhibited the strongest antibacterial activities against the food borne bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Considering the wide range of antimicrobial activities of the examined EOs, they might have the potential to be used to manage infectious diseases or extend the shelf life of food products.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Amir Alam Kamyab
- Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | | | - Kamiar Zomorodian
- Basic Science in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Corresponding author: Kamiar Zomorodian, Basic Science in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, P. O. Box: 7134845794, Shiraz, IR Iran. Tel: +98-9177144094, Fax: +98-7112305291, E-mail: ,
| | - Keyvan Pakshir
- Basic Science in Infectious Diseases Research Center, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
| | - Mohammad Javad Rahimi
- Department of Medical Mycology and Parasitology, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, IR Iran
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Favre-Godal Q, Dorsaz S, Queiroz EF, Conan C, Marcourt L, Wardojo BPE, Voinesco F, Buchwalder A, Gindro K, Sanglard D, Wolfender JL. Comprehensive approach for the detection of antifungal compounds using a susceptible strain of Candida albicans and confirmation of in vivo activity with the Galleria mellonella model. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 105:68-78. [PMID: 24984572 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 06/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
An efficient screening strategy for the identification of potentially interesting low-abundance antifungal natural products in crude extracts that combines both a sensitive bioautography assay and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) microfractionation was developed. This method relies on high performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) bioautography with a hypersusceptible engineered strain of Candida albicans (DSY2621) for bioactivity detection, followed by the evaluation of wild type strains in standard microdilution antifungal assays. Active extracts were microfractionated by HPLC in 96-well plates, and the fractions were subsequently submitted to the bioassay. This procedure enabled precise localisation of the antifungal compounds directly in the HPLC chromatograms of the crude extracts. HPLC-PDA-mass spectrometry (MS) data obtained in parallel to the HPLC antifungal profiles provided a first chemical screening about the bioactive constituents. Transposition of the HPLC analytical conditions to medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) allowed the efficient isolation of the active constituents in mg amounts for structure confirmation and more extensive characterisation of their biological activities. The antifungal properties of the isolated natural products were evaluated by their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in a dilution assay against both wild type and engineered strains of C. albicans. The biological activity of the most promising agents was further evaluated in vitro by electron microscopy and in vivo in a Galleria mellonella model of C. albicans infection. The overall procedure represents a rational and comprehensive means of evaluating antifungal activity from various perspectives for the selection of initial hits that can be explored in more in-depth mode-of-action studies. This strategy is illustrated by the identification and bioactivity evaluation of a series of antifungal compounds from the methanolic extract of a Rubiaceae plant, Morinda tomentosa, which was used as a model in these studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Quentin Favre-Godal
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Stéphane Dorsaz
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Emerson Ferreira Queiroz
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland.
| | - Céline Conan
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Marcourt
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | | | - Francine Voinesco
- Swiss Federal Research Station Agroscope Changins Wädenswil ACW, Route de Duiller 50, P.O. Box 1012, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Aurélie Buchwalder
- Swiss Federal Research Station Agroscope Changins Wädenswil ACW, Route de Duiller 50, P.O. Box 1012, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Katia Gindro
- Swiss Federal Research Station Agroscope Changins Wädenswil ACW, Route de Duiller 50, P.O. Box 1012, 1260 Nyon, Switzerland
| | - Dominique Sanglard
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Lausanne and University Hospital Center, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Jean-Luc Wolfender
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, EPGL, University of Geneva, University of Lausanne, 30 quai Ernest-Ansermet, CH-1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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Ferreira P, Cardoso T, Ferreira F, Fernandes-Ferreira M, Piper P, Sousa MJ. Mentha piperitaessential oil induces apoptosis in yeast associated with both cytosolic and mitochondrial ROS-mediated damage. FEMS Yeast Res 2014; 14:1006-14. [DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2014] [Revised: 07/04/2014] [Accepted: 07/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
| | - Teresa Cardoso
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
| | - Filipa Ferreira
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
| | - Manuel Fernandes-Ferreira
- CITAB; Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences; Porto Portugal
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; University of Porto; Porto Portugal
- MAPPROD Lda; Braga Portugal
| | - Peter Piper
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology; University of Sheffield; Sheffield UK
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Centre of Molecular and Environmental Biology (CBMA); Department of Biology; University of Minho; Braga Portugal
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Freires IDA, Murata RM, Furletti VF, Sartoratto A, de Alencar SM, Figueira GM, de Oliveira Rodrigues JA, Duarte MCT, Rosalen PL. Coriandrum sativum L. (Coriander) essential oil: antifungal activity and mode of action on Candida spp., and molecular targets affected in human whole-genome expression. PLoS One 2014; 9:e99086. [PMID: 24901768 PMCID: PMC4047076 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0099086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2013] [Accepted: 05/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral candidiasis is an opportunistic fungal infection of the oral cavity with increasingly worldwide prevalence and incidence rates. Novel specifically-targeted strategies to manage this ailment have been proposed using essential oils (EO) known to have antifungal properties. In this study, we aim to investigate the antifungal activity and mode of action of the EO from Coriandrum sativum L. (coriander) leaves on Candida spp. In addition, we detected the molecular targets affected in whole-genome expression in human cells. The EO phytochemical profile indicates monoterpenes and sesquiterpenes as major components, which are likely to negatively impact the viability of yeast cells. There seems to be a synergistic activity of the EO chemical compounds as their isolation into fractions led to a decreased antimicrobial effect. C. sativum EO may bind to membrane ergosterol, increasing ionic permeability and causing membrane damage leading to cell death, but it does not act on cell wall biosynthesis-related pathways. This mode of action is illustrated by photomicrographs showing disruption in biofilm integrity caused by the EO at varied concentrations. The EO also inhibited Candida biofilm adherence to a polystyrene substrate at low concentrations, and decreased the proteolytic activity of Candida albicans at minimum inhibitory concentration. Finally, the EO and its selected active fraction had low cytotoxicity on human cells, with putative mechanisms affecting gene expression in pathways involving chemokines and MAP-kinase (proliferation/apoptosis), as well as adhesion proteins. These findings highlight the potential antifungal activity of the EO from C. sativum leaves and suggest avenues for future translational toxicological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irlan de Almeida Freires
- Pharmacology, Anesthesiology and Therapeutics, Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Ramiro Mendonça Murata
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences, and Dental Hygiene and the Division of Biomedical Sciences, Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, United States of America
- * E-mail: (RMM) (RM); (PLR) (PR)
| | - Vivian Fernandes Furletti
- Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Adilson Sartoratto
- Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Severino Matias de Alencar
- Department of Agri-food Industry, Food and Nutrition, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
| | - Glyn Mara Figueira
- Research Center for Chemistry, Biology and Agriculture, State University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | | | | | - Pedro Luiz Rosalen
- Pharmacology, Anesthesiology and Therapeutics, Department of Physiological Sciences, Piracicaba Dental School, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba, SP, Brazil
- * E-mail: (RMM) (RM); (PLR) (PR)
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Gochev VK, Girova TD. Antimicrobial Activity of Various Essential Oils Against Spoilage and Pathogenic Microorganisms Isolated from Meat Products. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2009.10818568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Early state research on antifungal natural products. Molecules 2014; 19:2925-56. [PMID: 24609016 PMCID: PMC6271505 DOI: 10.3390/molecules19032925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2013] [Revised: 01/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/09/2014] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial infections caused by fungi have increased greatly in recent years, mainly due to the rising number of immunocompromised patients. However, the available antifungal therapeutic arsenal is limited, and the development of new drugs has been slow. Therefore, the search for alternative drugs with low resistance rates and fewer side effects remains a major challenge. Plants produce a variety of medicinal components that can inhibit pathogen growth. Studies of plant species have been conducted to evaluate the characteristics of natural drug products, including their sustainability, affordability, and antimicrobial activity. A considerable number of studies of medicinal plants and alternative compounds, such as secondary metabolites, phenolic compounds, essential oils and extracts, have been performed. Thus, this review discusses the history of the antifungal arsenal, surveys natural products with potential antifungal activity, discusses strategies to develop derivatives of natural products, and presents perspectives on the development of novel antifungal drug candidates.
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Zhu JB, Chen H, Wang L, Tang Y. Stereospecific synthesis of highly functionalized benzo[3.1.0]bicycloalkanes via multistep cascade reactions. Org Chem Front 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4qo00134f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
A facile approach for the synthesis of benzo[3.1.0]bicycloalkanesviaalkylation/cyclopropanation cascade reactions of benzyl bromide with triphenylphosphonium bromide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Bo Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Lijia Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yong Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry
- Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Shanghai 200032, China
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Barba C, Santa-María G, Herraiz M, Martínez RM. Direct enantiomeric analysis of Mentha essential oils. Food Chem 2013; 141:542-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 02/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Xu HM, Rong YJ, Zhao MX, Song B, Chi ZM. Antibacterial activity of the lipopetides produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens M1 against multidrug-resistant Vibrio spp. isolated from diseased marine animals. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 98:127-36. [PMID: 24132666 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5291-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
In this work, the antibacterial activity of the lipopeptides produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens M1 was examined against multidrug-resistant Vibrio spp. and Shewanella aquimarina isolated from diseased marine animals. A new and cheap medium which contained 1.0 % soybean powder, 1.5 % wheat flour, pH 7.0 was developed. A crude surfactant concentration of 0.28 mg/ml was obtained after 18 h of 10-l fermentation and diameter of the clear zone on the plate seeded with Vibrio anguillarum was 34 mm. A preliminary characterization suggested that the lipopeptide N3 produced by B. amyloliquefaciens M1 was the main product and contained the surfactin isoforms with amino acids (GLLVDLL) and hydroxy fatty acids (of 12-15 carbons in length). The evaluation of the antibacterial activity of the lipopeptide N3 was carried out against S. aquimarina and nine species of Vibrio spp.. It was found that all the Vibrio spp. and S. aquimarina showed resistance to several different antibiotics, suggesting that they were the multidrug resistance. It was also indicated that all the Vibrio spp. strains and S. aquimarina were sensitive to the surfactin N3, in particular V. anguillarum. The results demonstrated that the lipopeptides produced by B. amyloliquefaciens M1 had a broad spectrum of action, including antibacterial activity against the pathogenic Vibrio spp. with multidrug-resistant profiles. After the treatment with the lipopeptide N3, the cell membrane of V. anguillarum was damaged, and the whole cells of the bacterium were disrupted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Mei Xu
- UNESCO Chinese Center of Marine Biotechnology, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road, No. 5, Qingdao, 266003, China
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Murakami C, Lago JHG, Perazzo FF, Ferreira KS, Lima MEL, Moreno PRH, Young MCM. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oils from Chromolaena laevigata during flowering and fruiting stages. Chem Biodivers 2013; 10:621-7. [PMID: 23576348 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The chemical compositions and antimicrobial activities of essential oils from the leaves, stems, capitula, and cypselas of Chromolaena laevigata were evaluated at two different phenological stages, flowering and fruiting. Thirty-eight compounds were identified in the crude oils by GC/MS. The sesquiterpene laevigatin was the major constituent of the leaf, capitulum, and cypsela oils, while the sesquiterpene spathulenol was the main component in the stem oils. The antimicrobial activities of the oils were evaluated against Candida albicans, Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli. Stem oil obtained from Chromolaena laevigata during the fruiting stage generally showed the highest activity with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 62.5 μg/ml against Candida albicans and S. aureus, and 500 μg/ml against P. aeruginosa and E. coli. Pure laevigatin exhibited MIC values of 500 and 125 μg/ml against C. albicans and S. aureus, respectively, indicating that this constituent could be responsible, at least in part, for the antimicrobial activities detected in the crude oils. More studies concerning the biological activities of isolated derivatives are required to improve our knowledge of the antimicrobial potential of volatile compounds present in native plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia Murakami
- Instituto de Botânica, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente, Av. Miguel Stéfano 3687, Água Funda, 04301-902, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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Antifungal activity of the lipopeptides produced by Bacillus amyloliquefaciens anti-CA against Candida albicans isolated from clinic. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2013; 97:7141-50. [DOI: 10.1007/s00253-013-5000-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 05/09/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Rouis Z, Abid N, Koudja S, Yangui T, Elaissi A, Cioni PL, Flamini G, Aouni M. Evaluation of the cytotoxic effect and antibacterial, antifungal, and antiviral activities of Hypericum triquetrifolium Turra essential oils from Tunisia. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2013; 13:24. [PMID: 23360506 PMCID: PMC3637322 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6882-13-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2012] [Accepted: 01/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Background A number of bio-active secondary metabolites have been identified and reported for several Hypericum species. Many studies have reported the potential use of the plant extracts against several pathogens. However, Hypericum triquetrifolium is one of the least studied species for its antimicrobial activity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effect of the essential oils of Hypericum triquetrifolium as well as their antimicrobial potential against coxsakievirus B3 and a range of bacterial and fungal strains. Methods The essential oils of Hypericum triquetrifolium harvested from five different Tunisian localities (Fondouk DJedid, Bou Arada, Bahra, Fernana and Dhrea Ben Jouder) were evaluated for their antimicrobial activities by micro-broth dilution methods against bacterial and fungal strains. In addition, the cytotoxic effect and the antiviral activity of these oils were carried out using Vero cell lines and coxsakievirus B3. Results The results showed a good antibacterial activities against a wide range of bacterial strains, MIC values ranging between 0.39-12.50 mg/ml and MBC values between 1.56-25.0 mg/ml. In addition, the essential oils showed promising antifungal activity with MIC values ranging between 0.39 μg/mL and 12.50 μg/mL; MFC values ranged between 3.12 μg/mL and 25.00 μg/mL; a significant anticandidal activity was noted (MIC values comprised between 0.39 μg/mL and 12.50 μg/mL). Although their low cytotoxic effect (CC50 ranged between 0.58 mg/mL and 12.00 mg/mL), the essential oils did not show antiviral activity against coxsakievirus B3. Conclusion The essential oils obtained from Hypericum triquetrifolium can be used as antimicrobial agents and could be safe at non cytotoxic doses. As shown for the tested essential oils, comparative analysis need to be undertaken to better characterize also the antimicrobial activities of Hypericum triquetrifolium extracts with different solvents as well as their purified fractions and their pure secondary metabolites.
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Raut JS, Shinde RB, Chauhan NM, Karuppayil SM. Terpenoids of plant origin inhibit morphogenesis, adhesion, and biofilm formation by Candida albicans. BIOFOULING 2013; 29:87-96. [PMID: 23216018 DOI: 10.1080/08927014.2012.749398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Biofilm-related infections caused by Candida albicans and associated drug resistant micro-organisms are serious problems for immunocompromised populations. Molecules which can prevent or remove biofilms are needed. Twenty-eight terpenoids of plant origin were analysed for their activity against growth, virulence attributes, and biofilms of C. albicans. Eighteen molecules exhibited minimum inhibitory concentrations of <2 mg ml(-1) for planktonic growth. Selected molecules inhibited yeast to hyphal dimorphism at low concentrations (0.031-0.5 mg ml(-1)), while adhesion to a solid surface was prevented at 0.5-2 mg ml(-1). Treatment with 14 terpenoids resulted in significant (p < 0.05) inhibition of biofilm formation, and of these, linalool, nerol, isopulegol, menthol, carvone, α-thujone, and farnesol exhibited biofilm-specific activity. Eight terpenoids were identified as inhibitors of mature biofilms. This study demonstrated the antibiofilm potential of terpenoids, which need to be further explored as therapeutic strategy against biofilm associated infections of C. albicans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayant S Raut
- DST-FIST & UGC-SAP School of Life Sciences, SRTM University, Nanded, 431 606, MS, India
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Li YC, Liang HC, Chen HM, Tan LR, Yi YY, Qin Z, Zhang WM, Wu DW, Li CW, Lin RF, Su ZR, Lai XP. Anti-Candida albicans activity and pharmacokinetics of pogostone isolated from Pogostemonis Herba. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 20:77-83. [PMID: 23159370 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2012.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2012] [Revised: 07/08/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The present work was designed to evaluate the in vitro and in vivo anti-Candida activity of pogostone (PO), a natural product isolated from Pogostemon cablin (Blanco) Benth. PO showed potent in vitro activity against clinical Candida spp. isolates tested in this study. PO and the reference drug voriconazole (VRC) were equally effective against all the fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans strains, with MIC ranging from 3.1 μg/ml to 50 μg/ml. Besides, PO was fungicidal against all Candida isolates with MFC ranging from 50 μg/ml to 400 μg/ml. By contrast, VRC was fungistatic as it failed to elicit a fungicidal effect against the Candida spp. isolates at the highest tested concentration (400 μg/ml). Furthermore, oral and topical PO administration effectively reduced the fungal load in vagina of vulvovaginal candidiasis mouse models. Topical PO administration (1.0-4.0 mg/kg) demonstrated higher activity against the vulvovaginal candidiasis than VRC (4.0 mg/kg). The pharmacokinetics and safety profile of PO were also investigated. The pharmacokinetics assay revealed that PO was easily absorbed after oral administration in mice, which might account for its in vivo anti-Candida effect. The acute toxicity test showed that the median lethal dose of PO in mice was 355 mg/kg, which was much higher than the daily dose used for the therapeutic experiments. This study demonstrated the potential of PO as a promising candidate for the treatment of Candida infections, particularly for vulvovaginal candidiasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Cui Li
- College of Chinese Medicines, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, PR China
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Shokri H, Sharifzadeh A, Ashrafi Tamai I. Anti- Candida zeylanoides activity of some Iranian plants used in traditional medicine. J Mycol Med 2012; 22:211-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mycmed.2012.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2012] [Revised: 04/11/2012] [Accepted: 04/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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In vitro anti-Candida activity of lidocaine and nitroglycerin: alone and combined. Infect Dis Obstet Gynecol 2012; 2012:727248. [PMID: 22675243 PMCID: PMC3363366 DOI: 10.1155/2012/727248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to study the anti-Candida activity of lidocaine and nitroglycerin alone and in combination. Ten Candida strains were included, corresponding to 1 collection type strain (ATCC 10231) and 9 clinical isolates: 4 C. albicans, 2 C. glabrata, 1 C. tropicalis, 1 C. krusei, and 1 C. parapsilosis. The CLSI reference M27-A3 micromethod was used to determine the anti-Candida activity of the drugs alone; minimal inhibitory and lethal concentrations were determined. The classic checkboard technique was used to determine the activity of combined drugs. Lidocaine fungicidal effect was dosedependent. Nitroglycerin exhibited a higher effect. The drugs combination resulted in a reduction of the inhibitory concentration, corresponding to an additive effect. In conclusion, both drugs exhibited an interesting anti-Candida activity. The combination of lidocaine with nitroglycerin was shown to have an additive effect against Candida spp., predicting the interest to include, in the future, these drugs in a new delivery system for the treatment of mucocutaneous candidosis.
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Sestraş RE, Jäntschi L, Bolboacă SD. Poisson parameters of antimicrobial activity: a quantitative structure-activity approach. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:5207-5229. [PMID: 22606039 PMCID: PMC3344275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13045207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Revised: 04/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A contingency of observed antimicrobial activities measured for several compounds vs. a series of bacteria was analyzed. A factor analysis revealed the existence of a certain probability distribution function of the antimicrobial activity. A quantitative structure-activity relationship analysis for the overall antimicrobial ability was conducted using the population statistics associated with identified probability distribution function. The antimicrobial activity proved to follow the Poisson distribution if just one factor varies (such as chemical compound or bacteria). The Poisson parameter estimating antimicrobial effect, giving both mean and variance of the antimicrobial activity, was used to develop structure-activity models describing the effect of compounds on bacteria and fungi species. Two approaches were employed to obtain the models, and for every approach, a model was selected, further investigated and found to be statistically significant. The best predictive model for antimicrobial effect on bacteria and fungi species was identified using graphical representation of observed vs. calculated values as well as several predictive power parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radu E. Sestraş
- University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Romania; E-Mail:
| | - Lorentz Jäntschi
- University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine Cluj-Napoca, 3-5 Mănăştur, Cluj-Napoca 400372, Romania; E-Mail:
- Technical University of Cluj-Napoca, 28 Memorandumului, Cluj-Napoca 400114, Romania
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +4-0264-401775; Fax: +4-0264-401768
| | - Sorana D. Bolboacă
- Department of Medical Informatics and Biostatistics, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy Cluj-Napoca, 6 Louis Pasteur, Cluj-Napoca 400349, Cluj, Romania; E-Mail:
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Palmeira-de-Oliveira A, Gaspar C, Palmeira-de-Oliveira R, Silva-Dias A, Salgueiro L, Cavaleiro C, Pina-Vaz C, Martinez-de-Oliveira J, Queiroz JA, Rodrigues AG. The anti-Candida activity of Thymbra capitata essential oil: effect upon pre-formed biofilm. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2012; 140:379-383. [PMID: 22310557 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2012.01.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2011] [Revised: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE [corrected] Thymbra capitata essential oil is traditionally considered to exhibit powerful antiseptic properties, thus being used to treat cutaneous infections. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of Thymbra capitata essential oil upon pre-formed biofilm of different Candida strains while comparing it with the activity against planktonic cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Fifteen Candida isolates were included, corresponding to clinical and collection type strains. Essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation and its composition analysed by GC/MS. Activity upon planktonic cells was evaluated according to M27-A3 macromethod. Its effect upon 24h preformed biofilm biomass was determined using the crystal violet procedure and the metabolic activity was studied applying the XTT/menadione technique. RESULTS Biofilm biomass and metabolic activity of all tested species were reduced up to 50% at MIC values. The effect was more pronounced at double MIC values, achieving >80% reduction, except for Candida albicans that presented a more resistant profile (62%). CONCLUSION Thymbra capitata essential oil presented an important effect upon Candida biofilms. It is proposed as a valuable antifungal product to be used in an appropriate pharmaceutical formulation for the management of resistant mucocutaneous candidosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Palmeira-de-Oliveira
- CICS-UBI, Health Sciences Research Center, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal.
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