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Nataraj BH, Jeevan K, Dang AK, Nagpal R, Ali SA, Behare PV. Pre-clinical safety and toxicity assessment of Limosilactobacillus fermentum NCDC 400 in murine model. Microb Pathog 2024; 189:106589. [PMID: 38382627 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Comprehensive safety assessment of potential probiotic strains is crucial in the selection of risk-free strains for clinical translation. This study aimed to evaluate the biosafety of Limosilactobacillus fermentum NCDC 400, a potential probiotic strain, using oral toxicity tests in a Swiss albino mouse model. Mice were orally gavaged with low (108 CFU/mouse/day) and high (1010 CFU/mouse/day) doses of NCDC 400 for 14 (acute), 28 (subacute), and 90 (subchronic) days to assess behavioral, hematological, biochemical, immunological, and histological effects. The administration of NCDC 400 did not result in any observable adverse effects on general health parameters, including body weight, feed and water intake, and organ indices. Hematological and biochemical parameters, such as glucose, serum enzymes, urea, creatinine, serum minerals, total serum proteins, and lipid profile, remained largely unaffected by the test strain. Notably, NCDC 400 administration led to a significant reduction in harmful intestinal enzymes and improvement in gut health indices, as indicated by fecal pH, lactate, ammonia, and short-chain fatty acids. There were no instances of bacterial translocation of NCDC 400 to blood or extra-intestinal organs. Immune homeostasis was not adversely affected by repeated exposure to NCDC 400 in all three oral toxicity studies. Histopathological examination revealed no strain-related changes in various tissues. Based on these findings, a dose of 1010 CFU/mouse/day was considered as the No Observable Effect Level (NOEL) in healthy mice. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the safe and non-toxic behavior of L. fermentum NCDC 400. The results support and ensure the safety and suitability for clinical trials and eventual translation into clinical practice as potential probiotic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Basavaprabhu Haranahalli Nataraj
- Techno-functional Starter Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India; Dairy Chemistry and Bacteriology Section, Southern Regional Station (SRS), ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Adugodi, Bengaluru, 560030, Karnataka, India.
| | - K Jeevan
- Regional Ayurveda Research Institute, Central Council for Research in Ayurvedic Sciences, Aamkho, Gwalior, 474009, Madhya Pradesh, India.
| | - Ajay Kumar Dang
- Animal Physiology Division, ICAR-NDRI, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- Department of Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, 32306, USA
| | - Syed Azmal Ali
- Proteomics of Stem Cells and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, 69121, Germany.
| | - Pradip V Behare
- Techno-functional Starter Lab, National Collection of Dairy Cultures (NCDC), Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
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Martuzzi F, Franceschi P, Formaggioni P. Fermented Mare Milk and Its Microorganisms for Human Consumption and Health. Foods 2024; 13:493. [PMID: 38338628 PMCID: PMC10855475 DOI: 10.3390/foods13030493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Mare milk is consumed by approximatively 30 million people in the world. In countries in Asia and East Europe, mare milk is mainly consumed as source of fermented products, called koumiss, airag or chigee, alcoholic beverages obtained by means of a culture of bacteria and lactose-fermenting yeasts. Recent research concerning mare milk and its derivatives deals mainly with their potential employment for human health. Studies about the isolation and characterization of Lactobacillus spp. and yeasts from koumiss have been aimed at assessing the potential functional properties of these micro-organisms and to find their employment for the industrial processing of mare milk. The aim of this literature review is to summarize recent research about microorganisms in fermented mare milk products and their potential functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesca Martuzzi
- Department of Food and Drug Science, University of Parma, Via delle Scienze, 43124 Parma, Italy;
| | - Piero Franceschi
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy;
| | - Paolo Formaggioni
- Department of Veterinary Science, University of Parma, Via del Taglio 10, 43126 Parma, Italy;
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3
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Daza-Prieto B, Raicevic N, Cabal A, Hyden P, Mösenbacher T, Ladstätter J, Richter S, Stöger A, Joao Cardoso M, Chakeri A, Hasenberger P, Stadlbauer S, Mach RL, Martinovic A, Ruppitsch W. Enterococcus montenegrensis sp. nov., isolated from artisanal Montenegrin dry sausage. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2024; 74. [PMID: 38240650 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.006206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
A novel, Gram-positive, facultative anaerobe, coccoid and non-motile bacterium, designated as CoE-012-22T was isolated from dried beef sausage (the original name in Montenegro is Govedji Kulen) manufactured in the municipality of Rozaje (Montenegro) in 2021. Cells of this strain were oxidase- and catalase-negative. Growth occurred at 4-50 °C, at pH 5.0-8.0 and with 0-6.5 % (w/v) NaCl in diverse growth media. MALDI-TOF analysis identified the strain as Enterococcus canintestini (log score 2). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene and whole genome sequences assigned the strain to the genus Enterococcus. The closest relatives were E. canintestini DSM 21207T and E. dispar ATCC 51266T with 16S rRNA gene sequence pairwise similarities of 99.34 and 98.59 %, respectively. The average nucleotide identity (ANI) and digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH) values between isolate CoE-012-22T and other enterococci species were below the thresholds for species delineation thresholds (95.0 % ANI; 70.0 % dDDH) with maximum identities of 84.13 % (ANIb), 86.43 % (ANIm) and 28.4 % (dDDH) to E. saigonensis JCM 31193T and 70.97 % (ANIb), 88.99 % (ANIm) and 32.4 % (dDDH) to E. malodoratus ATCC 43197T. Two unknown Enterococcus isolates, Enterococcus sp. MJM12 and Enterococcus SMC-9, showed identities of 99.87 and 99.94 % (16S rRNA), 98.57 and 98.65 % (ANIb), 98.93 and 99.02 % (ANIm), and 89.8 and 90.0 % (dDDH) to strain CoE-012-22T and can therefore be regarded as the same species. Based on the characterization results, strain CoE-012-22T was considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Enterococcus montenegrensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CoE-012-22T (=DSM 115843T=NCIMB 15468T).
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Affiliation(s)
- Beatriz Daza-Prieto
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area of Biochemical Technology, Technical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nadja Raicevic
- FoodHub - Centre of Excellence for Digitalisationof Microbial Food Safety Risk Assessment and Quality Parameters for Accurate Food Authenticity Certification, University of Donja Gorica, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Adriana Cabal
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Patrick Hyden
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tobias Mösenbacher
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Johann Ladstätter
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Susanne Richter
- Institute of Veterinary Disease Control, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Mödling, Austria
| | - Anna Stöger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Joao Cardoso
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
- ECDC Fellowship Programme, Public Health Microbiology path (EUPHEM), European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Ali Chakeri
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
- Center for Public Health, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Hasenberger
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Silke Stadlbauer
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert L Mach
- Institute of Chemical, Environmental and Bioscience Engineering, Research Area of Biochemical Technology, Technical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Aleksandra Martinovic
- FoodHub - Centre of Excellence for Digitalisationof Microbial Food Safety Risk Assessment and Quality Parameters for Accurate Food Authenticity Certification, University of Donja Gorica, Podgorica, Montenegro
| | - Werner Ruppitsch
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna, Austria
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Chen T, Li B, Zheng K, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Hu H, Qian G, Jiang J. Lactobacillus paracasei R3 Alleviates Tumor Progression in Mice with Colorectal Cancer. Curr Microbiol 2023; 81:38. [PMID: 38091085 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-023-03525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
Lactobacillus paracasei (L. paracasei), a common probiotic lactobacillus, has important functions in the food industry and human health. However, different strains of L. paracasei inevitably show differences in activity and colonization resistance, leading to differentiation in their functions, as well as their physical or chemical properties. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of L. paracasei R3 (L.p R3) isolated from healthy human feces and determine whether the criteria for edible probiotics is met. The hemolysis type, biofilm-forming ability, antibiotic susceptibility, toxicity, and effective activity of L.p R3 were determined by establishing its probiotic activity traits in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that L.p R3 had a moderate biofilm formation ability, was sensitive to 11 antibiotics, was resistant to eight antibiotics, and was not hemolytic. The culture characteristics, morphology, and biochemical responses of the strain were consistent with the seed batch characteristics. In toxicity assays, L.p R3-fed mice showed no abnormalities in body weight, growth, or various organs. Additionally, L.p R3 was found to be effective in the prevention and treatment of colorectal cancer. In conclusion, our results revealed that L.p R3 has potential value as an edible probiotic without toxic side effects and alleviated the tumor progression of colorectal cancer in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Chen
- Center of Human Microecology Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Longsee Biomedical Corporation, Guangzhou, 510535, Guangdong, China
| | - Baoxia Li
- Center of Human Microecology Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Longsee Biomedical Corporation, Guangzhou, 510535, Guangdong, China
| | - Kangdi Zheng
- Center of Human Microecology Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Longsee Biomedical Corporation, Guangzhou, 510535, Guangdong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Center of Human Microecology Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Longsee Biomedical Corporation, Guangzhou, 510535, Guangdong, China.
| | - Zhao Zhang
- Center of Human Microecology Engineering and Technology of Guangdong Province, Guangdong Longsee Biomedical Corporation, Guangzhou, 510535, Guangdong, China
| | - Huimei Hu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Guoqiang Qian
- School of Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
| | - Jianwei Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Basic Medical College, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510630, Guangdong, China.
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Novotny-Nuñez I, Perdigón G, Matar C, Martínez Monteros MJ, Yahfoufi N, Cazorla SI, Maldonado-Galdeano C. Evaluation of Rouxiella badensis Subsp Acadiensis (Canan SV-53) as a Potential Probiotic Bacterium. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1347. [PMID: 37317321 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11051347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The advent of omic platforms revealed the significant benefits of probiotics in the prevention of many infectious diseases. This led to a growing interest in novel strains of probiotics endowed with health characteristics related to microbiome and immune modulation. Therefore, autochthonous bacteria in plant ecosystems might offer a good source for novel next-generation probiotics. The main objective of this study was to analyze the effect of Rouxiella badensis acadiensis Canan (R. acadiensis) a bacterium isolated from the blueberry biota, on the mammalian intestinal ecosystem and its potential as a probiotic microorganism. R. acadiensis, reinforced the intestinal epithelial barrier avoiding bacterial translocation from the gut to deep tissues, even after feeding BALB/c mice for a prolonged period of time. Moreover, diet supplementation with R. acadiensis led to increases in the number of Paneth cells, well as an increase in the antimicrobial peptide α defensin. The anti-bacterial effect of R. acadiensis against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium was also reported. Importantly, R. acadiensis-fed animals showed better survival in an in vivo Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium challenge compared with those that received a conventional diet. These results demonstrated that R. acadiensis possesses characteristics of a probiotic strain by contributing to the reinforcement and maintenance of intestinal homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivanna Novotny-Nuñez
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Argentina
| | - Gabriela Perdigón
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Argentina
| | - Chantal Matar
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
- School of Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - María José Martínez Monteros
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Argentina
| | - Nour Yahfoufi
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Silvia Inés Cazorla
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Argentina
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Argentina
| | - Carolina Maldonado-Galdeano
- Laboratorio de Inmunología, Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Argentina
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000, Argentina
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Ghelardi E, Mazzantini D, Celandroni F, Calvigioni M, Panattoni A, Lupetti A, Bois De Fer B, Perez M. Analysis of the microbial content of probiotic products commercialized worldwide and survivability in conditions mimicking the human gut environment. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1127321. [PMID: 37234535 PMCID: PMC10208119 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1127321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Probiotics are living microorganisms that, when administered in adequate amounts, confer a health benefit on the host. Adequate number of living microbes, the presence of specific microorganisms, and their survival in the gastrointestinal (GI) environment are important to achieve desired health benefits of probiotic products. In this in vitro study, 21 leading probiotic formulations commercialized worldwide were evaluated for their microbial content and survivability in simulated GI conditions. Methods Plate-count method was used to determine the amount of living microbes contained in the products. Culture-dependent Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Time of Flight Mass Spectrometry and culture-independent metagenomic analysis through 16S and 18S rDNA sequencing were applied in combination for species identification. To estimate the potential survivability of the microorganisms contained in the products in the harsh GI environment, an in vitro model composed of different simulated gastric and intestinal fluids was adopted. Results The majority of the tested probiotic products were concordant with the labels in terms of number of viable microbes and contained probiotic species. However, one product included fewer viable microbes than those displayed on the label, one product contained two species that were not declared, and another product lacked one of the labeled probiotic strains. Survivability in simulated acidic and alkaline GI fluids was highly variable depending on the composition of the products. The microorganisms contained in four products survived in both acidic and alkaline environments. For one of these products, microorganisms also appeared to grow in the alkaline environment. Conclusion This in vitro study demonstrates that most globally commercialized probiotic products are consistent with the claims described on their labels with respect to the number and species of the contained microbes. Evaluated probiotics generally performed well in survivability tests, although viability of microbes in simulated gastric and intestinal environments showed large variability. Although the results obtained in this study indicate a good quality of the tested formulations, it is important to stress that stringent quality controls of probiotic products should always be performed to provide optimal health benefits for the host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Ghelardi
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Diletta Mazzantini
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Francesco Celandroni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Marco Calvigioni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Adelaide Panattoni
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Antonella Lupetti
- Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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Varada VV, Panneerselvam D, Pushpadass HA, Mallapa RH, Ram C, Kumar S. In vitro safety assessment of electrohydrodynamically encapsulated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRD7 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRD11 for probiotics use. Curr Res Food Sci 2023; 6:100507. [PMID: 37215740 PMCID: PMC10196993 DOI: 10.1016/j.crfs.2023.100507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The current study aimed to validate the safety of electrohydrodynamically encapsulated Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRD7 and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus CRD11 in accordance with guidelines of FAO/WHO and ICMR/DBT. In vitro assays such as mucin degradation, hemolysis of blood cells, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, possession of virulence factors, biogenic amine, and ammonia production were assessed. In results, the cross-streak and co-culture techniques revealed that CRD7 and CRD11 were compatible in vitro. Upon visual inspection through scanning electron and fluorescence microscopy, the integrity of bacterial cell membrane was confirmed even after the encapsulation process. CRD7 and CRD11 were non-hemolytic and showed negative responses to gelatinase, urease, and DNase activities. Non-mucinolytic activity of CRD7 and CRD11 was verified by measuring cell growth rate (p < 0.05) in different modified media followed by SDS-PAGE. High-performance liquid chromatography analysis revealed that both the strains did not produce biogenic amines (putrescine, cadaverine, histamine, and tyramine). Neither of the Lactobacillus strains produced ammonia after growing in BHI broth for 5 days at 37 °C. L-lactate production was highest (p < 0.05) in CRD11 (8.83 g/L), followed by CRD7 (8.16 g/L), whereas the lowest (p < 0.05) D-lactate was registered for encapsulated CRD11 (0.33 g/L) and CRD7 (0.49 g/L). The antibiogram profile determined through minimum inhibitory concentration showed that CRD7 and CRD11 were sensitive to key antibiotics suggested by EFSA except for gentamycin and kanamycin. PCR data on virulence genes demonstrated that both strains were safe for probiotic use. Moreover, CRD7 and CRD11 strains caused insignificant (p > 0.05) changes in the cell viability of Caco-2 cells as estimated by MTT (98.94-99.50%) and NR uptake (95.42-97.03%) assays and showed sensitivity to human serum. According to the results of these evaluated attributes, it is concluded that L. plantarum CRD7 and L. rhamnosus CRD11 are safe, non-toxic to human epithelial cells, and thus may be potentially suitable for various food/feed applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Venkatesh Varada
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Divya Panneerselvam
- Dairy Engineering Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Bengaluru, India
| | - Heartwin A. Pushpadass
- Dairy Engineering Section, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Southern Regional Station, Bengaluru, India
| | | | - Chand Ram
- Dairy Microbiology Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Sachin Kumar
- Rumen Biotechnology Lab., Animal Nutrition Division, ICAR-National Dairy Research Institute, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
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Leska A, Nowak A, Rosicka-Kaczmarek J, Ryngajłło M, Czarnecka-Chrebelska KH. Characterization and Protective Properties of Lactic Acid Bacteria Intended to Be Used in Probiotic Preparation for Honeybees (Apis mellifera L.)—An In Vitro Study. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13061059. [PMID: 36978601 PMCID: PMC10044574 DOI: 10.3390/ani13061059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are widely used probiotics and offer promising prospects for increasing the viability of honeybees. Thus, the probiotic potential of 10 LAB strains was determined, which in our previous studies showed the most potent protective abilities. In the current study, we investigated various properties of probiotic candidates. The tested LAB strains varied in susceptibility to tested antibiotics. Isolates showed high viability in sugar syrups and gastrointestinal conditions. None of the LAB strains exhibited β-hemolytic activity, mutual antagonism, mucin degradation, hydrogen peroxide production capacity, or bile salt hydrolase (BSH) activity. Additionally, the cytotoxicity of LAB cell-free supernatants (CFS) was assessed, as well as the effect of CFS from P. pentosaceus 14/1 on the cytotoxicity of coumaphos and chlorpyrifos in the Caco-2 cell line. The viability of Caco-2 cells reached up to 89.81% in the presence of the highest concentration of CFS. Furthermore, LAB metabolites decreased the cytotoxicity of insecticides (up to 19.32%) thus demonstrating cytoprotective activity. All tested LAB strains produced lactic, acetic, and malonic acids. This research allowed the selection of the most effective LAB strains, in terms of probiosis, for future in vivo studies aimed at developing an ecologically protective biopreparation for honeybees.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Leska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Adriana Nowak
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wolczanska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, Poland
- Correspondence: (A.L.); (A.N.)
| | - Justyna Rosicka-Kaczmarek
- Institute of Food Technology and Analysis, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-537 Lodz, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Ryngajłło
- Institute of Molecular and Industrial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Stefanowskiego 2/22, 90-573 Lodz, Poland
| | - Karolina Henryka Czarnecka-Chrebelska
- Department of Biomedicine and Genetics, Chair of Biology and Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Lodz, 5 Mazowiecka Str. (A-6 Building), 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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9
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Liang D, Wu F, Zhou D, Tan B, Chen T. Commercial probiotic products in public health: current status and potential limitations. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2023; 64:6455-6476. [PMID: 36688290 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2023.2169858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of commercial probiotics for health improvement and disease treatment has increased in popularity among the public in recent years. The local shops and pharmacies are brimming with various probiotic products such as probiotic food, dietary supplement and pharmaceuticals that herald a range of health benefits, from nutraceutical benefits to pharmaceutical effects. However, although the probiotic market is expanding rapidly, there is increasing evidence challenging it. Emerging insights from microbiome research and public health demonstrate several potential limitations of the natural properties, regulatory frameworks, and market consequences of commercial probiotics. In this review, we highlight the potential safety and performance issues of the natural properties of commercial probiotics, from the genetic level to trait characteristics and probiotic properties and further to the probiotic-host interaction. Besides, the diverse regulatory frameworks and confusing probiotic guidelines worldwide have led to product consequences such as pathogenic contamination, overstated claims, inaccurate labeling and counterfeit trademarks for probiotic products. Here, we propose a plethora of available methods and strategies related to strain selection and modification, safety and efficacy assessment, and some recommendations for regulatory agencies to address these limitations to guarantee sustainability and progress in the probiotic industry and improve long-term public health and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dingfa Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
- Queen Mary School, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Fei Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Dexi Zhou
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Buzhen Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Tingtao Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
- National Engineering Research Centre for Bioengineering Drugs and Technologies, Institute of Translational Medicine, Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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10
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Kharwar A, Bazaz MR, Dandekar MP. Quantitative and qualitative characterization of commercially available oral suspension of probiotic products containing Bacillus Clausii spores. BMC Microbiol 2022; 22:217. [PMID: 36114449 PMCID: PMC9482283 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-022-02631-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Probiotics contain beneficial live bacteria that confer several health benefits to the host. For the past 50 years, spore-forming Bacillus species have been used in the form of probiotics. Among these, Bacillus clausii strains are used for the management of acute and antibiotic-associated diarrhoea. In the present work, we have evaluated the asserted label information on randomly chosen commercial Bacillus clausii spore suspension of probiotic products. The quality and number of viable bacteria were evaluated based on the colony count, antibiotic resistance, and hemolytic activity assays. The colony fingerprinting and 16S rRNA gene-sequencing techniques were used to confirm the presence of a univariate strain (Bacillus clausii). Our results corroborated the label count of 2 × 109 CFU/5 mL in BACIPRO®, ENTEROGERMINA®, and TUFPRO® products. However, vegetative spore count was not found to match with the given label count in BENEGUT®, PROALANA-B®, β-LOCK®, and PROCILLUS® Bacillus clausii brands. In the hemolytic activity assay, except for β-LOCK®, the other 6 products showed gamma-hemolysis activity. Bacillus clausii isolated from all 7 probiotic products demonstrated resistance to several broad-spectrum antibiotics. The 16S rRNA gene-sequencing data detected genera of Bacillus and Bacillus clausii strain in the BACIPRO®, ENTEROGERMINA®, PROALANA-B®, BENEGUT®, and TUFPRO® products; however, Ralstonia mannitolilytica and Paenibacillus dendritiformis species were identified in β-LOCK® and PROCILLUS®, respectively. As correct label information was observed only in BACIPRO®, ENTEROGERMINA®, and TUFPRO® products, it is proposed that a more stringent quality check would minimize the possibility of mismatch concerning the label information.
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11
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Idrees M, Imran M, Atiq N, Zahra R, Abid R, Alreshidi M, Roberts T, Abdelgadir A, Tipu MK, Farid A, Olawale OA, Ghazanfar S. Probiotics, their action modality and the use of multi-omics in metamorphosis of commensal microbiota into target-based probiotics. Front Nutr 2022; 9:959941. [PMID: 36185680 PMCID: PMC9523698 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.959941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This review article addresses the strategic formulation of human probiotics and allows the reader to walk along the journey that metamorphoses commensal microbiota into target-based probiotics. It recapitulates what are probiotics, their history, and the main mechanisms through which probiotics exert beneficial effects on the host. It articulates how a given probiotic preparation could not be all-encompassing and how each probiotic strain has its unique repertoire of functional genes. It answers what criteria should be met to formulate probiotics intended for human use, and why certain probiotics meet ill-fate in pre-clinical and clinical trials? It communicates the reasons that taint the reputation of probiotics and cause discord between the industry, medical and scientific communities. It revisits the notion of host-adapted strains carrying niche-specific genetic modifications. Lastly, this paper emphasizes the strategic development of target-based probiotics using host-adapted microbial isolates with known molecular effectors that would serve as better candidates for bioprophylactic and biotherapeutic interventions in disease-susceptible individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Idrees
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), Islamabad, Pakistan
- *Correspondence: Maryam Idrees, ; orcid.org/0000-0001-6948-841X
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Naima Atiq
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rabaab Zahra
- Department of Microbiology, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Rameesha Abid
- National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Sialkot, Sialkot, Pakistan
| | - Mousa Alreshidi
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
- Mousa Alreshidi,
| | - Tim Roberts
- Metabolic Research Group, Faculty of Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, University Drive, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
| | - Abdelmuhsin Abdelgadir
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
- Molecular Diagnostics and Personalized Therapeutics Unit, University of Ha’il, Ha’il, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Center of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan
| | | | - Shakira Ghazanfar
- National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), National Institute for Genomics and Advanced Biotechnology (NIGAB), Islamabad, Pakistan
- Shakira Ghazanfar,
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12
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Marquez A, Andrada E, Russo M, Bolondi ML, Fabersani E, Medina R, Gauffin-Cano P. Characterization of autochthonous lactobacilli from goat dairy products with probiotic potential for metabolic diseases. Heliyon 2022; 8:e10462. [PMID: 36091951 PMCID: PMC9459688 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 02/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to design functional fermented goat milk with probiotic potential for metabolic diseases. Thereby, autochthonous lactobacilli from goat dairy products that target improving the inflammatory, lipid, and glycemic profile were characterized. We designed fermented goat milk using Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus CRL1447 as starter strain, supplemented with different probiotic consortia formed by Limosilactobacillus fermentum CRL1446, Lactiplantibacillus paraplantarum CRL1449, and CRL1472 strains. These lactobacilli were selected for their positive effects on inhibition of α-glucosidase, bile salts hydrolase activity, cholesterol assimilation, and decreased triglyceride percentage in Caenorhabditis elegans. Furthermore, the lactobacilli oral administration to obese mice caused a significant decrease in body weight gain and ameliorated hyperglycemia and hyperlipemia. These results reveal the potential of this goat dairy product as a functional food to prevent obesity and related pathologies. Goat milk-derived products stand out for their marketing potential. Hence, fermented goat milk incorporating novel probiotics represents a group of food products with broad prospects by their promising nutritive and therapeutic properties for metabolic diseases. The goat dairy product designed in this study could be used in the prevention of dyslipidemia and hyperglycemia in obese people. New probiotic consortium (CRL1449, CRL1472, and CRL1446) was selected. The probiotic consortium showed in vitro immuno and adipomodulatory properties. Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. indicus CRL1447 was selected as a starter culture for fermented milk elaboration. Manufacturing of a functional fermented goat milk with a new probiotic consortium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonela Marquez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Estefanía Andrada
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Avda. Pte. N. Kirchner 1900, T4000INH, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Matias Russo
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Lujan Bolondi
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Emanuel Fabersani
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Avda. Pte. N. Kirchner 1900, T4000INH, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Roxana Medina
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Agronomía y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Avda. Pte. N. Kirchner 1900, T4000INH, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Corresponding author.
| | - Paola Gauffin-Cano
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA)-CONICET, Chacabuco 145, T4000ILC, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Corresponding author.
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Grispoldi L, Karama M, El-Ashram S, Saraiva C, García-Díez J, Chalias A, Cenci-Goga BT. Evolution and antimicrobial resistance of enterococci isolated from Pecorino and goat cheese manufactured on-farm in an area facing constraints as per EU Regulation 1305/2013 in Umbria, Italy. Ital J Food Saf 2022; 11:10070. [PMID: 35832036 PMCID: PMC9272083 DOI: 10.4081/ijfs.2022.10070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The latest EU regulation on geographical indications (EU Regulation No. 1151/2012) has introduced a set of new tools for the protection and enhancement of food products in rural areas, under the group name of optional quality term (OQT). The Commission Delegated EU Regulation, No. 665/2014, regulated the conditions for the use of the optional quality term mountain product (MP), to support the implementation of a mountain value chain. This new tool is aimed at promoting local development, maintaining the economic activities in mountain areas, and redistributing wealth, whilst, at the same time, promoting the territory. Pecorino and goat cheeses are typical Italian cheeses made usually with whole raw ewe’s or raw goat’s milk, without starter culture addition. In an attempt to characterize these productions, the aim of this study was to investigate the evolution of enterococci during the production and ripening of Pecorino cheese made in three different farms, located in Umbria, Italy in areas facing natural or other specific constraints as stipulated by Regulation 1305/2013 on support for rural development by the European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development (EAFRD). Enterococci are enteric organisms which are commonly isolated from ewe and goat’s milk production in Umbria, Italy. Counts of enterococci in raw milk ranged from 1.75 for ovine milk to 3.62 for ewe milk and a marked reduction was observed after thermization especially in ovine milk. Out of 100 isolates, 69 were E. faecium, 23 E. durans, 8 E. faecalis and 2 E. casseliflavus and the distribution of species between farms and between samples showed a prevalence of E. faecium in ovine farms and E. durans in ewes farms, with an equal dis-tribution between samples. High percentages of susceptible isolates were found for amoxicil-lin/clavulanic acid, ampicillin, chloramphenicol, sulphamethoxazole, sulphamethoxazole/ trimethoprim, ticarcillin, vancomycin. A high prevalence of resistant strains (>30%) was ob-served for amikacin, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, kanamycin, tetracycline. A comparison of this re-sults with those of previous works on similar dairy products revealed high levels of resistance to antimicrobials which needs to be addressed.
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Zaghloul EH, Ibrahim MIA. Production and Characterization of Exopolysaccharide From Newly Isolated Marine Probiotic Lactiplantibacillus plantarum EI6 With in vitro Wound Healing Activity. Front Microbiol 2022; 13:903363. [PMID: 35668753 PMCID: PMC9164304 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2022.903363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Because of its safety, biological activities, and unique properties, exopolysaccharide (EPS) from lactic acid bacteria (LAB) has been developed as a potential biopolymer. A few studies have investigated the EPS produced by marine LAB. This study reports the wound healing activity of an EPS produced by a marine isolate identified as Lactiplantibacillus plantarum EI6, in addition to assessing L. plantarum EI6's probiotic properties. EI6 demonstrated promising antimicrobial activity against different pathogenic bacteria, as well as the ability to withstand stomach pH 3, tolerate 0.3% bile salt concentration, and exhibit no signs of hemolysis. Furthermore, EI6 was able to produce 270 mg/L of EPS upon growth for 48 h at 37°C in an MRS medium enriched with 1.0% of sucrose. The chemical features of the novel EI6-EPS were investigated: the UV-vis estimated a high carbohydrate content of ~91.5%, and the FTIR emphasized its polysaccharide nature by the characteristic hydroxyl, amide I, II, & III, and glycosidic linkage regions. The GC-MS and NMR analyses revealed the existence of five monosaccharides, namely, rhamnose, galactose, mannose, glucose, and arabinose, existing mainly in the pyranose form and linked together by α- and β-glycosidic linkages. EI6-EPS was found to be safe (IC50 > 100 μg/ml) and induced human skin fibroblasts (HSF) proliferation and migration. These findings imply that EI6 can be used as a safe source of bioactive polymer in wound care.
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15
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Aziz G, Zaidi A, Tariq M. Compositional Quality and Possible Gastrointestinal Performance of Marketed Probiotic Supplements. Probiotics Antimicrob Proteins 2022; 14:288-312. [PMID: 35199309 DOI: 10.1007/s12602-022-09931-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The local pharmacies and shops are brimming with various probiotic products that herald a range of health benefits. The poor quality of probiotic products in both dosage and species is symptomatic of this multi-billion-dollar market making it difficult for consumers to single out reliable ones. This study aims to fill the potential gap in the labeling accuracy of probiotic products intended for human consumption. We describe a combinatorial approach using classical culture-dependent technique to quantify and molecular techniques (16 s rRNA gene sequencing, multilocus sequence, and ribotyping) for strain recognition of the microbial contents. The full gamut of probiotic characteristics including acid, bile and lysozyme tolerances, adhesiveness, anti-pathogenicity, and degree of safeness were performed. Their capacity to endure gastro-intestinal (GIT) stresses and select drugs was assessed in vitro. Our results forced us to declare that the local probiotic market is essentially unregulated. Almost none of the probiotic products tested met the label claim. Some (11%) have no viable cells, and a quarter (27%) showing significant inter-batch variation. A lower microbial count was typical with undesirables constituting a quarter of the total (~ 27%). Half of the products contained antibiotic-resistant strains; the unregulated use of these probiotics carries the risk of spreading antibiotic resistance to gut pathobionts. Poor tolerance to gut conditions and mediocre functionalism make the case worse. The current regulatory systems do not take this discrepancy into account. We recommend an evidence-based regular market surveillance of marketed probiotics to ensure the authenticity of the claims and product effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghazal Aziz
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C)-PIEAS, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, ICT, Pakistan
| | - Arsalan Zaidi
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C)-PIEAS, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan.
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, ICT, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Tariq
- National Probiotic Laboratory, National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering College (NIBGE-C)-PIEAS, Faisalabad, 38000, Punjab, Pakistan
- Pakistan Institute of Engineering and Applied Sciences (PIEAS), Nilore, Islamabad, 45650, ICT, Pakistan
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Kamarinou CS, Papadopoulou OS, Doulgeraki AI, Tassou CC, Galanis A, Chorianopoulos NG, Argyri AA. Mapping the Key Technological and Functional Characteristics of Indigenous Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Greek Traditional Dairy Products. Microorganisms 2022; 10:246. [PMID: 35208701 PMCID: PMC8875946 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Revised: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the current study was to isolate indigenous lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from traditional Greek cheeses and assess their biochemical, technological, and functional characteristics, so as to develop novel cultures with multi-functional properties. Hence, 109 LAB isolates were recovered from traditional fresh cheeses and were evaluated in vitro for their gas production; proteolytic, lipolytic, and haemolytic activity; exopolysaccharide production (EPS); enzymatic potential; and ability to grow at 6.5% NaCl and at different pH, temperature, and anaerobic conditions. Consequently, 48 selected isolates were further evaluated for their survival under simulated gastrointestinal tract conditions, partial bile salt hydrolase activity, antibiotic resistance, and antimicrobial activity against pathogens. These isolates were also incorporated as co-cultures in yogurt production to examine their sensory characteristics and their survival in the product. Some prominent isolates that showed favorable technological and functional characteristics (good survival rates at low pH and bile salts, ability to produce β-galactosidase, and EPS) and attributed desirable sensory characteristics to yogurt were Lactococcuslactis (SRX2, SRX3, SRX5, and SMX16), Lactobacillus paracasei SRX10, and Lactiplantibacillusplantarum (FRX7, FB1), while Leuconostoc mesenteroides FMX3 and L. lactis SMX2 showed an anti-listerial activity in vitro. The results of the present study are promising for the production of novel dairy functional products with an enhanced quality and safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina S. Kamarinou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece; (C.S.K.); (O.S.P.); (A.I.D.); (C.C.T.)
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Olga S. Papadopoulou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece; (C.S.K.); (O.S.P.); (A.I.D.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Agapi I. Doulgeraki
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece; (C.S.K.); (O.S.P.); (A.I.D.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Chrysoula C. Tassou
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece; (C.S.K.); (O.S.P.); (A.I.D.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Alex Galanis
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Democritus University of Thrace, 68100 Alexandroupolis, Greece;
| | - Nikos G. Chorianopoulos
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece; (C.S.K.); (O.S.P.); (A.I.D.); (C.C.T.)
| | - Anthoula A. Argyri
- Institute of Technology of Agricultural Products, Hellenic Agricultural Organization—DIMITRA, 14123 Lycovrissi, Greece; (C.S.K.); (O.S.P.); (A.I.D.); (C.C.T.)
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Kim T, Mondal SC, Jeong C, Kim S, Ban O, Jung YH, Yang J, Kim S. Safety evaluation of Lactococcus lactis IDCC 2301 isolated from homemade cheese. Food Sci Nutr 2022; 10:67-74. [PMID: 35035910 PMCID: PMC8751446 DOI: 10.1002/fsn3.2648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
For applications of microorganisms as probiotics in the food industry, safety evaluation has increasingly become important to ensure the health of consumers. Although people have been using various lactic acid bacteria for different purposes, some studies have reported that certain lactic acid bacteria exhibit properties of virulence and produce toxic compounds. Thus, it is necessary to examine the characteristics associated with lactic acid bacteria that are safe for use as probiotics. This research aimed to assess the safety of Lactococcus lactis IDCC 2301 isolated from homemade cheese using in vitro and in vivo assays, including antibiotic resistance, hemolytic activity, toxin production, infectivity, and metabolic activity in immune-compromised animal species. The results demonstrated that the strain was susceptible to nine antibiotics suggested by the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). Whole-genome analysis revealed that L. lactis IDCC 2301 neither has toxigenic genes nor harbors antibiotic resistance. Moreover, L. lactis IDCC 2301 showed neither hemolytic nor β-glucuronidase activity. Furthermore, none of the D-lactate and biogenic amines were produced by L. lactis IDCC 2301. Finally, it was demonstrated that there was no toxicity and mortality using single-dose oral toxicity tests in rats. These results indicate that L. lactis IDCC 2301 can be safely used as probiotics for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taeok Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and BiotechnologyChonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Shakti Chandra Mondal
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and BiotechnologyChonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - Chae‐Rim Jeong
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and BiotechnologyChonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - So‐Rim Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and BiotechnologyChonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
| | - O‐Hyun Ban
- Ildong BioscienceGyeonggi‐doRepublic of Korea
| | - Young Hoon Jung
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, and Institute of Fermentation BiotechnologyKyungpook National UniversityDaeguRepublic of Korea
| | | | - Soo‐Jung Kim
- Department of Integrative Food, Bioscience and BiotechnologyChonnam National UniversityGwangjuRepublic of Korea
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18
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Probiotics: Should All Patients Take Them? Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9122620. [PMID: 34946221 PMCID: PMC8706842 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9122620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The usefulness of probiotics in the treatment as well as prevention of many infections and disorders has been confirmed by previous clinical studies. They can protect not only against gastrointestinal diseases such as diarrhea or enteritis but they have proven efficacy against pneumonia, urogenital infection, depression/anxiety, cancer metastasis, obesity, and others. However, it should be mentioned that not all clinical trials have shown improvement of health in patients undergoing probiotic treatment, and very rarely have even reported that probiotic strains may be the causative agents of opportunistic infections. Studies have documented cases of sepsis/bacteremia, endocarditis, liver abscess, pneumonia, and fungemia caused by probiotic strains, mainly in high-risk groups. This review summarizes the cases of infections caused by probiotic strains and the potential hazard associated with the supplementation of probiotics in seriously ill and hospitalized patients.
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Şenöztop E, Dokuzlu T, Güngörmüşler M. A comprehensive review on the development of probiotic supplemented confectioneries. Z NATURFORSCH C 2021; 77:71-84. [PMID: 34653326 DOI: 10.1515/znc-2021-0081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 09/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics are living organisms that have beneficial effects on host by regulating the microbial balance of the intestinal system. While probiotics are naturally found in yogurt and other fermented foods, they can also be added to many products. Although mostly in dairy products, it is possible to see examples of food products supplemented by probiotics in bakeries, chocolates and confectioneries. Nowadays, the COVID-19 pandemic that the world suffers increased the demand for such functional food products including probiotics. Due to probiotics having potential effects on strengthening the immune system, confectioneries supplemented by probiotics were comprehensively discussed in this review together with the suggestion of a novel gelly composition. The suggested formulation of the product is a gel-like snack contains natural ingredients such as carrot, lemon juice and sugar provided from apples. This research review article provided a guide together with the recommendations for potential probiotic research in candy and confectionery industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eylül Şenöztop
- Department of Food Engineering, Izmir University of Economics, Sakarya Caddesi No: 156, 35330 Balçova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Tuğçe Dokuzlu
- Department of Food Engineering, Izmir University of Economics, Sakarya Caddesi No: 156, 35330 Balçova, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Mine Güngörmüşler
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Izmir University of Economics, Sakarya Caddesi No: 156, 35330 Balçova, Izmir, Turkey
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20
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Roberto M, Carconi C, Cerreti M, Schipilliti FM, Botticelli A, Mazzuca F, Marchetti P. The Challenge of ICIs Resistance in Solid Tumours: Could Microbiota and Its Diversity Be Our Secret Weapon? Front Immunol 2021; 12:704942. [PMID: 34489956 PMCID: PMC8417795 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.704942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The human microbiota and its functional interaction with the human body were recently returned to the spotlight of the scientific community. In light of the extensive implementation of newer and increasingly precise genome sequencing technologies, bioinformatics, and culturomic, we now have an extraordinary ability to study the microorganisms that live within the human body. Most of the recent studies only focused on the interaction between the intestinal microbiota and one other factor. Considering the complexity of gut microbiota and its role in the pathogenesis of numerous cancers, our aim was to investigate how microbiota is affected by intestinal microenvironment and how microenvironment alterations may influence the response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). In this context, we show how diet is emerging as a fundamental determinant of microbiota’s community structure and function. Particularly, we describe the role of certain dietary factors, as well as the use of probiotics, prebiotics, postbiotics, and antibiotics in modifying the human microbiota. The modulation of gut microbiota may be a secret weapon to potentiate the efficacy of immunotherapies. In addition, this review sheds new light on the possibility of administering fecal microbiota transplantation to modulate the gut microbiota in cancer treatment. These concepts and how these findings can be translated into the therapeutic response to cancer immunotherapies will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Roberto
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Catia Carconi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Micaela Cerreti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Psychology, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesca Matilde Schipilliti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Botticelli
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Mazzuca
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Paolo Marchetti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Sant' Andrea University Hospital, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Medical Oncology Unit, Policlinico Umberto I, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
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21
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Hamid NH, Daud HM, Kayansamruaj P, Hassim HA, Mohd Yusoff MS, Abu Bakar SN, Srisapoome P. Short- and long-term probiotic effects of Enterococcus hirae isolated from fermented vegetable wastes on the growth, immune responses, and disease resistance of hybrid catfish (Clarias gariepinus × Clarias macrocephalus). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2021; 114:1-19. [PMID: 33872754 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2021.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the short- and long-term effects of dietary supplementation with Enterococcus hirae strain UPM02 on the growth performance, immunity, and disease resistance of hybrid catfish (Clarias gariepinus × Clarias macrocephalus) against Aeromonas hydrophila infection. In the long-term trial, fingerling fish were fed diets containing 0 (control), 2 × 105, or 2 × 107 CFU/g E. hirae UPM02 for 120 days. Administration of E. hirae UPM02 had significant effects on the specific growth rate (SGR), feed utilization efficiency, body indices (P < 0.05), and gut villus physiology of the catfish. E. hirae UPM02 application also significantly increased the complete blood cell counts, phagocytic activity, respiratory burst, lysozyme activity, and alternative complement pathway hemolytic (ACH50) activity in tested catfish throughout the experimental periods (P < 0.05). Dietary E. hirae UPM02 at both concentrations significantly increased the expression levels of the alpha-2-macroglobulin (α2M), CC chemokines, CXC chemokines, lysozyme c (LYZC), myeloperoxidase (MYE), NF-kappa-B1 p105 subunit (NF-K), and bactericidal permeability-increasing protein (BPIP) genes in the head kidney, liver, and spleen (P < 0.05) at days 80, 100 and 120 after application. However, heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) gene expression was slightly downregulated in these organs. Interestingly, fish fed the diets containing 2 × 105 and 2 × 107 CFU/g E. hirae UPM02 exhibited a significantly lower (P < 0.05) postchallenge mortality rates (32% and 30%, respectively) after 14 days of A. hydrophila challenge than the control fish (58%). In short-term (28 days) application to juvenile catfish, the two concentrations of E. hirae did not affect all growth parameters. Nevertheless, these concentrations markedly elevated all tested immune parameters, similarly to long-term application. Immune-related gene expression was significantly upregulated at day 28 in the head kidney, at day 14 in the liver, and at day 7 in the spleen in fish treated with the two concentrations of the probiotics (P < 0.05). Mortality at 14 days after challenge with A. hydrophila in the groups receiving the two concentrations of the probiotic was significantly lower than that in the control group, at 28, 24, and 48%, respectively (P < 0.05). These results collectively suggest that dietary supplementation with E. hirae UPM02 at 2 × 105 and 2 × 107 CFU/g effectively influenced immune responses, enhanced disease protection, and stimulated immunity-related gene expression in hybrid catfish under both short- and long-term application. However, growth enhancement was significantly evidenced with long-term application only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nur Hidayahanum Hamid
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand; Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia; Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hassan Mohd Daud
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Pattanapon Kayansamruaj
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Hasliza Abu Hassim
- Department of Veterinary Pre Clinical Science, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Md Sabri Mohd Yusoff
- Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Siti Nadia Abu Bakar
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Unit, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Prapansak Srisapoome
- Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Aquatic Animal Health Management, Faculty of Fisheries, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand.
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22
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das Neves Selis N, de Oliveira HBM, Leão HF, Dos Anjos YB, Sampaio BA, Correia TML, Almeida CF, Pena LSC, Reis MM, Brito TLS, Brito LF, Campos GB, Timenetsky J, Cruz MP, Rezende RP, Romano CC, da Costa AM, Yatsuda R, Uetanabaro APT, Marques LM. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum strains isolated from spontaneously fermented cocoa exhibit potential probiotic properties against Gardnerella vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. BMC Microbiol 2021; 21:198. [PMID: 34187371 PMCID: PMC8243870 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-021-02264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Probiotics are important tools in therapies against vaginal infections and can assist traditional antibiotic therapies in restoring healthy microbiota. Recent research has shown that microorganisms belonging to the genus Lactobacillus have probiotic potential. Thus, this study evaluated the potential in vitro probiotic properties of three strains of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum, isolated during the fermentation of high-quality cocoa, against Gardnerella vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Strains were evaluated for their physiological, safety, and antimicrobial characteristics. Results The hydrophobicity of L. plantarum strains varied from 26.67 to 91.67%, and their autoaggregation varied from 18.10 to 30.64%. The co-aggregation of L. plantarum strains with G. vaginalis ranged from 14.73 to 16.31%, and from 29.14 to 45.76% with N. gonorrhoeae. All L. plantarum strains could moderately or strongly produce biofilms. L. plantarum strains did not show haemolytic activity and were generally sensitive to the tested antimicrobials. All lactobacillus strains were tolerant to heat and pH resistance tests. All three strains of L. plantarum showed antimicrobial activity against the tested pathogens. The coincubation of L. plantarum strains with pathogens showed that the culture pH remained below 4.5 after 24 h. All cell-free culture supernatants (CFCS) demonstrated activity against the two pathogens tested, and all L. plantarum strains produced hydrogen peroxide. CFCS characterisation in conjunction with gas chromatography revealed that organic acids, especially lactic acid, were responsible for the antimicrobial activity against the pathogens evaluated. Conclusion The three strains of L. plantarum presented significant probiotic characteristics against the two pathogens of clinical importance. In vitro screening identified strong probiotic candidates for in vivo studies for the treatment of vaginal infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan das Neves Selis
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Hellen Braga Martins de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Hiago Ferreira Leão
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Yan Bento Dos Anjos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Beatriz Almeida Sampaio
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Thiago Macêdo Lopes Correia
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Carolline Florentino Almeida
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Larissa Silva Carvalho Pena
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Mariane Mares Reis
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Thamara Louisy Santos Brito
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Laís Ferraz Brito
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Barreto Campos
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Jorge Timenetsky
- Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, Avenida Professor Lineu Prestes, 2415, CEP 05508-900, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Mariluze Peixoto Cruz
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Rachel Passos Rezende
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Carla Cristina Romano
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Andréa Miura da Costa
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia da Agroindústria, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Regiane Yatsuda
- Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Trovatti Uetanabaro
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil.,Departamento de Ciências Biológicas, Laboratório de Microbiologia da Agroindústria, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil
| | - Lucas Miranda Marques
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Biologia e Biotecnologia de Microrganismos, Pavilhão Max de Menezes, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazaré de Andrade, Salobrinho, Rodovia Jorge Amado, Km 16, CEP 45662-900, Ilhéus, BA, Brazil. .,Instituto Multidisciplinar em Saúde, Universidade Federal da Bahia, Campus Anísio Teixeira, Rua Hormindo Barros, 58, CEP 45029-094, Vitória da Conquista, BA, Brazil.
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23
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Prichula J, Primon-Barros M, Luz RCZ, Castro ÍMS, Paim TGS, Tavares M, Ligabue-Braun R, d’Azevedo PA, Frazzon J, Frazzon APG, Seixas A, Gilmore MS. Genome Mining for Antimicrobial Compounds in Wild Marine Animals-Associated Enterococci. Mar Drugs 2021; 19:328. [PMID: 34204046 PMCID: PMC8229437 DOI: 10.3390/md19060328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
New ecosystems are being actively mined for new bioactive compounds. Because of the large amount of unexplored biodiversity, bacteria from marine environments are especially promising. Further, host-associated microbes are of special interest because of their low toxicity and compatibility with host health. Here, we identified and characterized biosynthetic gene clusters encoding antimicrobial compounds in host-associated enterococci recovered from fecal samples of wild marine animals remote from human-affected ecosystems. Putative biosynthetic gene clusters in the genomes of 22 Enterococcus strains of marine origin were predicted using antiSMASH5 and Bagel4 bioinformatic software. At least one gene cluster encoding a putative bioactive compound precursor was identified in each genome. Collectively, 73 putative antimicrobial compounds were identified, including 61 bacteriocins (83.56%), 10 terpenes (13.70%), and 2 (2.74%) related to putative nonribosomal peptides (NRPs). Two of the species studied, Enterococcus avium and Enterococcus mundtti, are rare causes of human disease and were found to lack any known pathogenic determinants but yet possessed bacteriocin biosynthetic genes, suggesting possible additional utility as probiotics. Wild marine animal-associated enterococci from human-remote ecosystems provide a potentially rich source for new antimicrobial compounds of therapeutic and industrial value and potential probiotic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janira Prichula
- Gram-Positive Cocci Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil; (J.P.); (M.P.-B.); (R.C.Z.L.); (Í.M.S.C.); (T.G.S.P.); (P.A.d.)
| | - Muriel Primon-Barros
- Gram-Positive Cocci Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil; (J.P.); (M.P.-B.); (R.C.Z.L.); (Í.M.S.C.); (T.G.S.P.); (P.A.d.)
| | - Romeu C. Z. Luz
- Gram-Positive Cocci Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil; (J.P.); (M.P.-B.); (R.C.Z.L.); (Í.M.S.C.); (T.G.S.P.); (P.A.d.)
| | - Ícaro M. S. Castro
- Gram-Positive Cocci Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil; (J.P.); (M.P.-B.); (R.C.Z.L.); (Í.M.S.C.); (T.G.S.P.); (P.A.d.)
| | - Thiago G. S. Paim
- Gram-Positive Cocci Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil; (J.P.); (M.P.-B.); (R.C.Z.L.); (Í.M.S.C.); (T.G.S.P.); (P.A.d.)
| | - Maurício Tavares
- Centro de Estudos Costeiros, Limnológicos e Marinhos (CECLIMAR), Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Campus Litoral Norte, Imbé 95625-000, RS, Brazil;
| | - Rodrigo Ligabue-Braun
- Department of Pharmacosciences, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil; (R.L.-B.); (A.S.)
| | - Pedro A. d’Azevedo
- Gram-Positive Cocci Laboratory, Federal University of Health Sciences of Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil; (J.P.); (M.P.-B.); (R.C.Z.L.); (Í.M.S.C.); (T.G.S.P.); (P.A.d.)
| | - Jeverson Frazzon
- Food Science Institute, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90035-003, RS, Brazil;
| | - Ana P. G. Frazzon
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, UFRGS, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil;
| | - Adriana Seixas
- Department of Pharmacosciences, UFCSPA, Porto Alegre 90050-170, RS, Brazil; (R.L.-B.); (A.S.)
| | - Michael S. Gilmore
- Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary, Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
- Department of Microbiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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24
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Abdel-Megeed RM. Probiotics: a Promising Generation of Heavy Metal Detoxification. Biol Trace Elem Res 2021; 199:2406-2413. [PMID: 32821997 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-020-02350-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Different environmental toxins especially heavy metals exist in soil, water, and air recording toxic effect on human, animal, and plant. These toxicant elements are widespread in environment causing various disturbances in biological systems. Numerous strategies have been applied recently to alleviate heavy metal contamination; however, most of these strategies were costly and seemed unfriendly to our environment. Probiotics are living cell bacteria with beneficial characteristics for human health. Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium are the major probiotic groups; however, Pediococcus, Lactococcus, Bacillus, and yeasts are recorded as probiotic. The vital role of the probiotics on maintenance of body health was previously investigated. Probiotics were previously recorded to its powerful capacity to bind numerous targets and eliminate them with feces. These targets may be aluminum, cadmium, lead, or arsenic. The current review discusses the history of probiotics, detoxification role of probiotics caused by heavy metals, and mechanism of their action that modulate different signaling pathway disturbance associated with heavy metal accumulation in biological system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rehab M Abdel-Megeed
- Therapeutic Chemistry Department, National Research Centre, El-Buhouth St, Dokki, Cairo, 12622, Egypt.
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25
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Dikeocha IJ, Al-Kabsi AM, Eid EEM, Hussin S, Alshawsh MA. Probiotics supplementation in patients with colorectal cancer: a systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:22-49. [PMID: 34027974 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause of cancer deaths. Recently, much attention has been given to the microbiome and probiotics as preventive and therapeutic approaches to CRC and the mechanisms involved. OBJECTIVES To interpret the findings of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) of probiotics relative to patients with CRC and to outline challenges of and future directions for using probiotics in the management and prevention of CRC. DATA SOURCES Web of Science, PubMed, ProQuest, Wile, y and Scopus databases were searched systematically from January 17-20, 2020, in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. STUDY SELECTION Primacy RCTs that reported the effects of administration to patients with CRC of a probiotic vs a placebo were eligible to be included. DATA EXTRACTION The studies were screened and selected independently by 2 authors on the basis of prespecified inclusion and exclusion criteria. The data extraction and risk-of-bias assessment were also performed independently by 2 authors. RESULTS A total of 23 RCTs were eligible for inclusion. Probiotics supplementation in patients with CRC improved their quality of life, enhanced gut microbiota diversity, reduced postoperative infection complications, and inhibited pro-inflammatory cytokine production. The use of certain probiotics in patients with CRC also reduced the side effects of chemotherapy, improved the outcomes of surgery, shortened hospital stays, and decreased the risk of death. Bifidobacteria and Lactobacillus were the common probiotics used across all studies. CONCLUSION Probiotics have beneficial effects in patients with CRC regardless of the stage of cancer. There is an opportunity for probiotics to be used in mainstream health care as a therapy in the fight against CRC, especially in early stages; however, larger clinical trialsof selected or a cocktail of probiotics are needed to confirm the efficacy, dosage, and interactions with chemotherapeutics agents. SYSTEMATIC REVIEW REGISTRATION PROSPERO registration no. CRD42020166865.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ifeoma Julieth Dikeocha
- I.J. Dikeocha, A.M. Al-Kabsi, and S. Hussin are with the Faculty of Medicine, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia. E.E.M. Eid is with the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia. M.A. Alshawsh is with the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Abdelkodose Mohammed Al-Kabsi
- I.J. Dikeocha, A.M. Al-Kabsi, and S. Hussin are with the Faculty of Medicine, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia. E.E.M. Eid is with the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia. M.A. Alshawsh is with the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Eltayeb E M Eid
- I.J. Dikeocha, A.M. Al-Kabsi, and S. Hussin are with the Faculty of Medicine, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia. E.E.M. Eid is with the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia. M.A. Alshawsh is with the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Salasawati Hussin
- I.J. Dikeocha, A.M. Al-Kabsi, and S. Hussin are with the Faculty of Medicine, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia. E.E.M. Eid is with the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia. M.A. Alshawsh is with the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Mohammed Abdullah Alshawsh
- I.J. Dikeocha, A.M. Al-Kabsi, and S. Hussin are with the Faculty of Medicine, University of Cyberjaya, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia. E.E.M. Eid is with the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Unaizah, Saudi Arabia. M.A. Alshawsh is with the Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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26
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Pot B, Vandenplas Y. Factors that influence clinical efficacy of live biotherapeutic products. Eur J Med Res 2021; 26:40. [PMID: 33947466 PMCID: PMC8094496 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-021-00509-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Traditional probiotics are increasingly being used in a medical context. The use of these products as drugs is considerably different from the traditional use as food or food supplements, as, obviously, the target population is different (diseased versus healthy or at risk population). Besides the target population, also the regulatory context is different, mainly with respect to production, administration regime and type of clinical studies required. In this paper we will, besides the regulatory differences, focus on aspects that may impact the efficacy of a live biotherapeutic product (drug), especially in a clinical setting. The impact of the dosage seems to depend on the strain and the application and may follow some rationale. In contrast, information on the impact of the time of administration or diet, is often still lacking. The matrix and the use of protective measures may clearly have an impact on the survival and efficacy of the strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Pot
- Research Group of Industrial Microbiology and Food Biotechnology (IMDO), Department of Bioengineering Sciences (DBIT), Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Pleinlaan 2, 1050, Brussels, Belgium.,Yakult Europe BV, Schutsluisweg 1, 1332 EN, Almere, The Netherlands
| | - Yvan Vandenplas
- KidZ Health Castle, University Hospital Brussel, Brussels Health Campus, UZ Brussel, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 101, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
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27
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Gardnerella vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae Are Effectively Inhibited by Lactobacilli with Probiotic Properties Isolated from Brazilian Cupuaçu ( Theobroma grandiflorum) Fruit. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6626249. [PMID: 33997030 PMCID: PMC8102102 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6626249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2020] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, certain Lactobacillus sp. have emerged in health care as an alternative therapy for various diseases. Based on this, this study is aimed at evaluating in vitro the potential probiotics of five lactobacilli strains isolated from pulp of cupuaçu fruit fermentation against Gardnerella vaginalis and Neisseria gonorrhoeae. Our lactobacilli strains were classified as safe for use in humans, and they were tolerant to heat and pH. Our strains were biofilm producers, while hydrophobicity and autoaggregation varied from 13% to 86% and 13% to 25%, respectively. The coaggregation of lactobacilli used in this study with G. vaginalis and N. gonorrhoeae ranged from 15% to 36% and 32% to 52%, respectively. Antimicrobial activity was present in all tested Lactobacillus strains against both pathogens, and the growth of pathogens in coculture was reduced by the presence of our lactobacilli. Also, all tested lactobacilli reduced the pH of the culture, even in incubation with pathogens after 24 hours. The cell-free culture supernatants (CFCS) of all five lactobacilli demonstrated activity against the two pathogens with a halo presence and CFCS characterization assay together with gas chromatography revealed that lactic acid was the most abundant organic acid in the samples (50% to 62%). Our results demonstrated that the organic acid production profile is strain-specific. This study revealed that cupuaçu is a promising source of microorganisms with probiotic properties against genital pathogens. We demonstrated by in vitro tests that our Lactobacillus strains have probiotic properties. However, the absence of in vivo tests is a limitation of our work due to the need to evaluate the interaction of our lactobacilli with pathogens in the vaginal mucosa. We believe that these findings may be useful in developing a product containing our lactobacilli and their supernatants in order to support with vaginal health.
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Fusco V, Fanelli F, Chieffi D. Authenticity of probiotic foods and dietary supplements: A pivotal issue to address. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:6854-6871. [PMID: 33819118 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1907300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The market of probiotic foods and supplements is growing rapidly but frequently the commercialized products are not compliant with their labels in terms of claimed probiotic strain(s) and labeled number of viable probiotic cells, thus mining the authenticity of these probiotic products.In this review, we provide an up-to-date overview of: (i) the current regulatory aspects, (ii) the consistency of probiotic foods and supplements with their labels, (iii) the implications of mislabeling on the quality, safety and functionality of these products and (iv) the available and most promising methods to assess the authenticity of these products, taking into account the need to discriminate among the different physiological states probiotics might be in the carrier matrices. It arises that authenticity of probiotic foods and supplements is an urgent issue, of industrial and legislation relevance, that need to be addressed. A plethora of methods are available to reach this goal, each with its own advantages and disadvantages. Protocols that combine the use of propidium monoazide (PMA) with metagenomics or polyphasic approaches including the PMA real time PCR or flow cytometry (for the viability assessment) and the whole genome sequence analysis (for the identification and typing of the probiotic strain) are the most promising that should be standardized and used by producers and regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincenzina Fusco
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Francesca Fanelli
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
| | - Daniele Chieffi
- National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Sciences of Food Production (CNR-ISPA), Bari, Italy
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Purification and characterization of bacteriocins-like inhibitory substances from food isolated Enterococcus faecalis OS13 with activity against nosocomial enterococci. Sci Rep 2021; 11:3795. [PMID: 33589735 PMCID: PMC7884432 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-83357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nosocomial infections caused by enterococci are an ongoing global threat. Thus, finding therapeutic agents for the treatment of such infections are crucial. Some Enterococcus faecalis strains are able to produce antimicrobial peptides called bacteriocins. We analyzed 65 E. faecalis isolates from 43 food samples and 22 clinical samples in Egypt for 17 common bacteriocin-encoding genes of Enterococcus spp. These genes were absent in 11 isolates that showed antimicrobial activity putatively due to bacteriocins (three from food, including isolate OS13, and eight from clinical isolates). The food-isolated E. faecalis OS13 produced bacteriocin-like inhibitory substances (BLIS) named enterocin OS13, which comprised two peptides (enterocin OS13α OS13β) that inhibited the growth of antibiotic-resistant nosocomial E. faecalis and E. faecium isolates. The molecular weights of enterocin OS13α and OS13β were determined as 8079 Da and 7859 Da, respectively, and both were heat-labile. Enterocin OS13α was sensitive to proteinase K, while enterocin OS13β was resistant. Characterization of E. faecalis OS13 isolate revealed that it belonged to sequence type 116. It was non-hemolytic, bile salt hydrolase-negative, gelatinase-positive, and sensitive to ampicillin, penicillin, vancomycin, erythromycin, kanamycin, and gentamicin. In conclusion, BLIS as enterocin OS13α and OS13β represent antimicrobial agents with activities against antibiotic-resistant enterococcal isolates.
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Cunningham M, Azcarate-Peril MA, Barnard A, Benoit V, Grimaldi R, Guyonnet D, Holscher HD, Hunter K, Manurung S, Obis D, Petrova MI, Steinert RE, Swanson KS, van Sinderen D, Vulevic J, Gibson GR. Shaping the Future of Probiotics and Prebiotics. Trends Microbiol 2021; 29:667-685. [PMID: 33551269 DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Recent and ongoing developments in microbiome science are enabling new frontiers of research for probiotics and prebiotics. Novel types, mechanisms, and applications currently under study have the potential to change scientific understanding as well as nutritional and healthcare applications of these interventions. The expansion of related fields of microbiome-targeted interventions, and an evolving landscape for implementation across regulatory, policy, prescriber, and consumer spheres, portends an era of significant change. In this review we examine recent, emerging, and anticipated trends in probiotic and prebiotic science, and create a vision for broad areas of developing influence in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla Cunningham
- Department of Science and Innovation, Metagenics, PO Box 675, Virginia BC, QLD, 4014, Australia.
| | - M Andrea Azcarate-Peril
- UNC Departments of Medicine and Nutrition, Microbiome Core Facility, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - Valerie Benoit
- Bell Institute of Health and Nutrition, General Mills, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Denis Guyonnet
- Diana Nova, Symrise Nutrition, Clichy-la-Garenne, France
| | - Hannah D Holscher
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition and Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Kirsty Hunter
- Department of Sport Science, Nottingham Trent University, UK
| | - Sarmauli Manurung
- Emerging Sciences Research, Reckitt Benckiser, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - David Obis
- Danone Nutricia Research, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | | | - Robert E Steinert
- R&D Human Nutrition and Health, DSM Nutritional Products Ltd, Basel, Switzerland; Department of Surgery, Division of Visceral and Transplantation Surgery, University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Douwe van Sinderen
- Microbiology BioSciences Institute, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jelena Vulevic
- veMico Ltd, Reading, UK; Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
| | - Glenn R Gibson
- Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, UK
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Fu S, Yang Q, He F, Lan R, Hao J, Ni P, Liu Y, Li R. National Safety Survey of Animal-use Commercial Probiotics and Their Spillover Effects From Farm to Humans: An Emerging Threat to Public Health. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 70:2386-2395. [PMID: 31300822 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/10/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human-use probiotics have recently been associated with clinical infections and antibiotic resistance transfer, raising public concern over their safety. However, despite their extensive application in aquaculture and animal husbandry, the safety of animal-use probiotics remains poorly described. METHODS We evaluated the safety of 92 animal-use probiotics from China. The pattern of spread of pathogens from probiotics and the consequent public health implications were also examined by conducting in-field genomic surveillance at 2 farms. RESULTS A total of 123 probiotic Bacillus species isolates were obtained from 92 brands of probiotics, of which 45 isolates were resistant to antibiotics. Notably, 33.7% of probiotic products were contaminated with life-threatening pathogens such as Klebsiella pneumoniae. Genomic surveillance at a chicken farm identified an anthrax toxin-positive Bacillus cereus strain in a probiotic product used as a feed supplement, which was transferred into the groundwater and to a nearby fish farm. Following up retrospective analysis of the surveillance data during 2015-2018 in 3 provinces retrieved 2 B. cereus strains from human with intestinal anthrax symptoms and confirmed the transmission of B. cereus from farm to human. Surveillance of anthrax toxin revealed that cya was detected in 8 of 31 farms. CONCLUSIONS This study provides the first national safety survey of animal-use probiotics in China and confirms the spillover effects of probiotics from the farms to human. These results suggest that the large-scale application of pathogen-containing probiotics leads to the transfer of pathogens, with worrisome implications for public health. Good Manufacturing Practice should be implemented during the production of all probiotics.Animal-use probiotic products are frequently contaminated with viable pathogenic bacteria. This study revealed that virulent probiotic organisms and contaminating pathogens were colonized with farm animals and shed into the environment, which facilitated the transfer of pathogens to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Songzhe Fu
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, China
| | - Qian Yang
- Department of Animal Production, Ghent University, Belgium
| | - Fenglan He
- Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, China
| | - Ruiting Lan
- School of Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Jingwei Hao
- College of Fishery and Life Sciences, Dalian Ocean University, China
| | - Ping Ni
- College of Fishery and Life Sciences, Dalian Ocean University, China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Marine Technology and Environment, Dalian Ocean University, China
| | - Ruijun Li
- College of Fishery and Life Sciences, Dalian Ocean University, China
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Metras BN, Holle MJ, Parker VJ, Miller MJ, Swanson KS. Assessment of commercial companion animal kefir products for label accuracy of microbial composition and quantity. J Anim Sci 2020; 98:5904066. [PMID: 32914845 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skaa301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Kefir is a fermented beverage containing yeast and bacteria produced by the fermentation of water or milk with kefir grains. Lack of regulation for probiotic-containing fermented food sold for companion dogs and cats creates the potential for misreporting on viable microbial counts, taxonomy, and label claims. In this study, the microbiota of six companion animal kefir products were measured quantitatively using standard plating techniques. Microbial composition of these products was also characterized by using high-resolution, long-read amplicon sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene. Five products (83%) listed specific microorganisms, and four products (66%) guaranteed colony forming units (CFU)/g on their label. To enumerate viable lactic acid bacteria (LAB), two lots of each homogenized product were plated upon opening and following 14 d on deMan Rogosa and Sharpe (MRS) agar and incubated under anaerobic and aerobic conditions. Results from point of opening revealed that all commercial kefir products with a guaranteed CFU/g overstated the number of microorganisms present by at least 1 log, with only one product exceeding 1 × 109 CFU/g. Sequencing results demonstrated that none of the labels claiming specific bacterial genera and species on their labels were correct, and all products contained at least three additional bacterial species above the minimum detectable threshold (0.001% relative abundance) that were not disclosed by the manufacturer. In addition to the incorrect viable CFU and bacterial taxonomies, several of the product labels and websites contained a wide range of health claims, none of which are supported by the companion animal literature. Our results demonstrate a low level of accuracy in the labeling of commercial kefir products intended for use in dogs and cats. Regulatory agencies, veterinarians, pet food professionals, and pet owners must scrutinize these products and demand a higher level of accuracy and quality in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Breanna N Metras
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Maxwell J Holle
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Valerie J Parker
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Michael J Miller
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.,Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
| | - Kelly S Swanson
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.,Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL.,Department of Veterinary Clinical Medicine, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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Li T, Lyu L, Zhang Y, Dong K, Li Q, Guo X, Zhu Y. A newly isolated E. thailandicus strain d5B with exclusively antimicrobial activity against C. difficile might be a novel therapy for controlling CDI. Genomics 2020; 113:475-483. [PMID: 32956846 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.09.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Colitis induced by C. difficile is one of the most common and costly healthcare-related infections for humans. Probiotics are one of the most promising approaches for controlling CDI. Here, we presented the isolation, safety, and probiotic property evaluation of a novel E. thailandicus strain, d5B, with effective antimicrobial activity against C. difficile. Strain d5B showed strong bactericidal effects on at least 54C. difficile strains. Safety tests showed that strain d5B was sensitive to clinically important antibiotics, and had no haemolytic and cytotoxic activities. Whole genomic analysis showed strain d5B only contained one aminoglycoside resistance gene located in the chromosome. Moreover, d5B was devoid of functional virulence genes. Finally, strain d5B exhibited probiotic properties, such as tolerance to the gastrointestinal tract, and adhered well to HT-29 cells. In conclusion, the E. thailandicus strain d5B should be investigated further for useful properties as a novel candidate probiotic for controlling CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tinghua Li
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology/School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Lin Lyu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology/School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology/School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Ke Dong
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology/School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China
| | - Qingtian Li
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Xiaokui Guo
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology/School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China; Key Laboratory of Parasite and Vector Biology, Ministry of Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai 200025, China.
| | - Yongzhang Zhu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology/School of Global Health, Chinese Center for Tropical Diseases Research, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200025, China.
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Miller PL, Carson TL. Mechanisms and microbial influences on CTLA-4 and PD-1-based immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer: a narrative review. Gut Pathog 2020; 12:43. [PMID: 32944086 PMCID: PMC7488430 DOI: 10.1186/s13099-020-00381-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The relationship between gastrointestinal (GI) bacteria and the response to anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy in the treatment of cancer can potentially be enhanced to allow patients to maximally respond to these treatments. Insight into the complex interaction between gut microbiota and the human adaptive immune system will help guide future immunotherapeutic cancer treatments to allow a more robust clinical response and fewer adverse effects in patients requiring these drugs. This review highlights these interactions as well as the potential for the creation of “oncomicrobiotics” that would selectively tailor one’s GI bacteria to maximally respond to anti-CTLA-4 and anti-PD-1 treatments will fewer adverse effects. Main body CTLA-4 is an antigen on the surface of T cells which, upon stimulation, leads to inhibition of activated T cells to terminate the immune response. However, many types of tumor cells can upregulate CTLA-4 in the tumor microenvironment, allowing these cells to evade targeting and destruction by the body’s immune system by prematurely inhibiting T cells. Increased representation of Bacteroides fragilis, Burkholderia cepacia and the Faecalibacterium genus in the GI tract of patients receiving CTLA-4-based immunotherapy led to a stronger therapeutic effect while minimizing adverse side effects such as colitis. In addition, by introducing bacteria involved in vitamin B and polyamine transport to the GI tracts of patients treated with anti-CTLA-4 drugs led to increased resistance to colitis while maintaining therapeutic efficacy. PD-1 is another molecule upregulated in many tumor microenvironments which acts in a similar manner to CTLA-4 to tone down the anti-neoplastic actions of T cells. Antibodies to PD-1 have shown promise to help allow the body’s natural immune response to appropriately target and destroy tumor cells. The presence of Bifidobacterium breve and longum, Akkermansia muciniphila and Faecalibacterium prausnitzii in the GI tracts of cancer patients has the potential to create a more robust immune response to anti-PD-1 drugs and prolonged survival. The development of “oncomicrobiotics” has the potential to help tailor one’s gut microbiota to allow patients to maximally respond to immunotherapy without sacrificing increases in toxicity. These oncomicrobiotics may possibly include antibiotics, probiotics, postbiotics and/or prebiotics. However, many challenges lie ahead in the creation of oncomicrobiotics. Conclusion The creation of oncomicrobiotics may allow many patients receiving anti-CTLA-4 and PD-1 immunotherapy to experience prolonged survival and a better quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter L Miller
- University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine, Birmingham, AL USA
| | - Tiffany L Carson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Preventive Medicine, University of Alabama Birmingham School of Medicine, 1717 11th Ave S, Birmingham, AL 35205 USA
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Dioso CM, Vital P, Arellano K, Park H, Todorov SD, Ji Y, Holzapfel W. Do Your Kids Get What You Paid for? Evaluation of Commercially Available Probiotic Products Intended for Children in the Republic of the Philippines and the Republic of Korea. Foods 2020; 9:E1229. [PMID: 32899215 PMCID: PMC7555838 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A wide range of probiotic products is available on the market and can be easily purchased over the counter and unlike pharmaceutical drugs, their commercial distribution is not strictly regulated. In this study, ten probiotic preparations commercially available for children's consumption in the Republic of the Philippines (PH) and the Republic of Korea (SK) have been investigated. The analyses included determination of viable counts and taxonomic identification of the bacterial species present in each formulation. The status of each product was assessed by comparing the results with information and claims provided on the label. In addition to their molecular identification, safety assessment of the isolated strains was conducted by testing for hemolysis, biogenic amine production and antibiotic resistance. One out of the ten products contained lower viable numbers of recovered microorganisms than claimed on the label. Enterococcus strains, although not mentioned on the label, were isolated from four products. Some of these isolates produced biogenic amines and were resistant to one or several antibiotics. Metagenomic analyses of two products revealed that one product did not contain most of the microorganisms declared in its specification. The study demonstrated that some commercial probiotic products for children did not match their label claims. Infants and young children belong to the most vulnerable members of society, and food supplements including probiotics destined for this consumer group require careful checking and strict regulation before commercial distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarizza May Dioso
- Institute of Biology, College of Science, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines;
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment Department, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37554, Korea; (K.A.); (H.P.); (S.D.T.)
| | - Pierangeli Vital
- Natural Sciences Research Institute, University of the Philippines Diliman, Quezon City 1101, Philippines;
| | - Karina Arellano
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment Department, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37554, Korea; (K.A.); (H.P.); (S.D.T.)
| | - Haryung Park
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment Department, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37554, Korea; (K.A.); (H.P.); (S.D.T.)
- HEM Inc., Business Incubator, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37554, Korea;
| | - Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment Department, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37554, Korea; (K.A.); (H.P.); (S.D.T.)
| | - Yosep Ji
- HEM Inc., Business Incubator, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37554, Korea;
| | - Wilhelm Holzapfel
- Advanced Green Energy and Environment Department, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37554, Korea; (K.A.); (H.P.); (S.D.T.)
- HEM Inc., Business Incubator, Handong Global University, Pohang, Gyungbuk 37554, Korea;
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Sharifi-Rad J, Rodrigues CF, Stojanović-Radić Z, Dimitrijević M, Aleksić A, Neffe-Skocińska K, Zielińska D, Kołożyn-Krajewska D, Salehi B, Milton Prabu S, Schutz F, Docea AO, Martins N, Calina D. Probiotics: Versatile Bioactive Components in Promoting Human Health. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2020; 56:E433. [PMID: 32867260 PMCID: PMC7560221 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56090433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 08/19/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The positive impact of probiotic strains on human health has become more evident than ever before. Often delivered through food, dietary products, supplements, and drugs, different legislations for safety and efficacy issues have been prepared. Furthermore, regulatory agencies have addressed various approaches toward these products, whether they authorize claims mentioning a disease's diagnosis, prevention, or treatment. Due to the diversity of bacteria and yeast strains, strict approaches have been designed to assess for side effects and post-market surveillance. One of the most essential delivery systems of probiotics is within food, due to the great beneficial health effects of this system compared to pharmaceutical products and also due to the increasing importance of food and nutrition. Modern lifestyle or various diseases lead to an imbalance of the intestinal flora. Nonetheless, as the amount of probiotic use needs accurate calculations, different factors should also be taken into consideration. One of the novelties of this review is the presentation of the beneficial effects of the administration of probiotics as a potential adjuvant therapy in COVID-19. Thus, this paper provides an integrative overview of different aspects of probiotics, from human health care applications to safety, quality, and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Phytochemistry Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1991953381, Iran;
| | - Célia F. Rodrigues
- LEPABE—Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Zorica Stojanović-Radić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (Z.S.-R.); (M.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Marina Dimitrijević
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (Z.S.-R.); (M.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Ana Aleksić
- Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, University of Niš, 18000 Niš, Serbia; (Z.S.-R.); (M.D.); (A.A.)
| | - Katarzyna Neffe-Skocińska
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), 02-776 Warszawa, Poland; (K.N.-S.); (D.Z.); (D.K.-K.)
| | - Dorota Zielińska
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), 02-776 Warszawa, Poland; (K.N.-S.); (D.Z.); (D.K.-K.)
| | - Danuta Kołożyn-Krajewska
- Department of Food Gastronomy and Food Hygiene, Warsaw University of Life Sciences (WULS), 02-776 Warszawa, Poland; (K.N.-S.); (D.Z.); (D.K.-K.)
| | - Bahare Salehi
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Bam University of Medical Sciences, Bam 44340847, Iran
| | - Selvaraj Milton Prabu
- Department of Zoology, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar 608002, Chidambaram, India;
| | - Francine Schutz
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
| | - Anca Oana Docea
- Department of Toxicology, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
| | - Natália Martins
- Department of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, 4200-319 Porto, Portugal;
- Institute for Research and Innovation in Health (i3S), University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniela Calina
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania
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Pini F, Aquilani C, Giovannetti L, Viti C, Pugliese C. Characterization of the microbial community composition in Italian Cinta Senese sausages dry-fermented with natural extracts as alternatives to sodium nitrite. Food Microbiol 2020; 89:103417. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Binda S, Hill C, Johansen E, Obis D, Pot B, Sanders ME, Tremblay A, Ouwehand AC. Criteria to Qualify Microorganisms as "Probiotic" in Foods and Dietary Supplements. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:1662. [PMID: 32793153 PMCID: PMC7394020 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.01662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Still relevant after 19 years, the FAO/WHO definition of probiotics can be translated into four simple and pragmatic criteria allowing one to conclude if specific strains of microorganisms qualify as a probiotic for use in foods and dietary supplements. Probiotic strains must be (i) sufficiently characterized; (ii) safe for the intended use; (iii) supported by at least one positive human clinical trial conducted according to generally accepted scientific standards or as per recommendations and provisions of local/national authorities when applicable; and (iv) alive in the product at an efficacious dose throughout shelf life. We provide clarity and detail how each of these four criteria can be assessed. The wide adoption of these criteria is necessary to ensure the proper use of the word probiotic in scientific publications, on product labels, and in communications with regulators and the general public.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Binda
- Danone Nutricia Research, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Colin Hill
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Eric Johansen
- Emerging Technologies, Chr. Hansen A/S, Hørsholm, Denmark
| | - David Obis
- Danone Nutricia Research, Palaiseau Cedex, France
| | - Bruno Pot
- Science Europe, Yakult Europe BV, Almere, Netherlands
| | - Mary Ellen Sanders
- International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics, Centennial, CO, United States
| | - Annie Tremblay
- Rosell Institute for Microbiome and Probiotics, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Arthur C. Ouwehand
- Global Health and Nutrition Sciences, DuPont Nutrition and Biosciences, Kantvik, Finland
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Orisakwe OE, Amadi CN, Frazzoli C, Dokubo A. Nigerian foods of probiotics relevance and chronic metal exposure: a systematic review. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2020; 27:19285-19297. [PMID: 32270460 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-020-08537-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are functional foods with a wide armamentarium of health benefits in man including metal chelation. Given the unacceptable blood lead levels and the near ignorance or negligence of heavy metals in both diagnoses and management of diseases in Nigeria, it is feared that these metals are involved in the aetiogenesis of several ailments from preeclampsia, metabolic syndrome, cancer, etc. This is an insight on Nigerian fermented foods and their possible role as metal chelators in the management of the chronic heavy metal exposure in Nigeria. One hundred and five articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Google scholar, PubMed and SCOPUS were searched for articles reporting fermented foods and probiotics in Nigeria. Only studies published in English Language were included, but there was no limitation in year of study. One hundred and five articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria. Studies from some African countries suggest that fermented foods of probiotics relevance have effectively shown metal chelation properties. Consumption of Nigerian fermented foods may hold a promise in checking the high body burden of heavy metals in Nigeria. Graphic abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt Rivers State, Port Harcourt, Nigeria.
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, PMB 5323, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria.
| | - Cecilia Nwadiuto Amadi
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology & Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt Rivers State, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Chiara Frazzoli
- Department for Cardiovascular, Dysmetabolic and Aging Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Awolayeofori Dokubo
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Rivers State University, Port Harcourt, Rivers State, Nigeria
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Draft Genome Sequences of Five Enterococcus faecium Isolates from Traditional Montenegrin Brine Cheese. Microbiol Resour Announc 2020; 9:9/19/e00353-20. [PMID: 32381619 PMCID: PMC7206497 DOI: 10.1128/mra.00353-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Enterococcus faecium is a multifaceted bacterial species. It is part of the natural human microbiota, it grows in a variety of traditional foods, and emerging multiresistant clones are a leading cause of nosocomial infections. Here, we present draft genomes of five E. faecium isolates originating from traditional Montenegrin brine cheeses.
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41
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Probiotics in Animal Husbandry: Applicability and Associated Risk Factors. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12031087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Probiotics have been emerging as a safe and viable alternative to antibiotics for increasing performance in livestock. Literature was collated via retrieved information from online databases, viz, PubMed, MEDLINE, ScienceDirect, Scopus, Web of Science and Google Scholar. Besides improved immunomodulation and nutrient digestibility, in-feed probiotics have shown drastic reductions in gastrointestinal tract-invading pathogens. However, every novel probiotic strain cannot be assumed to share historical safety with conventional strains. Any strain not belonging to the wild-type distributions of relevant antimicrobials, or found to be harbouring virulence determinants, should not be developed further. Modes of identification and the transmigration potential of the strains across the gastrointestinal barrier must be scrutinized. Other potential risk factors include the possibility of promoting deleterious metabolic effects, excessive immune stimulation and genetic stability of the strains over time. Adverse effects of probiotics could be strain specific, depending on the prevailing immunological and physiological condition of the host. The most crucial concern is the stability of the strain. Probiotics stand a good chance of replacing antibiotics in animal husbandry. The possibility of the probiotics used in animal feed cross-contaminating the human food chain cannot be downplayed. Thus, the established safety measures in probiotic development must be adhered to for a successful global campaign on food safety and security.
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van den Bogert B, Boekhorst J, Pirovano W, May A. On the Role of Bioinformatics and Data Science in Industrial Microbiome Applications. Front Genet 2019; 10:721. [PMID: 31447883 PMCID: PMC6696986 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Advances in sequencing and computational biology have drastically increased our capability to explore the taxonomic and functional compositions of microbial communities that play crucial roles in industrial processes. Correspondingly, commercial interest has risen for applications where microbial communities make important contributions. These include food production, probiotics, cosmetics, and enzyme discovery. Other commercial applications include software that takes the user's gut microbiome data as one of its inputs and outputs evidence-based, automated, and personalized diet recommendations for balanced blood sugar levels. These applications pose several bioinformatic and data science challenges that range from requiring strain-level resolution in community profiles to the integration of large datasets for predictive machine learning purposes. In this perspective, we provide our insights on such challenges by touching upon several industrial areas, and briefly discuss advances and future directions of bioinformatics and data science in microbiome research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ali May
- Research and Development Dept., BaseClear, Leiden, Netherlands
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43
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Functional annotation of the genome unravels probiotic potential of Bacillus coagulans HS243. Genomics 2019; 111:921-929. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2018.05.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 05/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Marinova VY, Rasheva IK, Kizheva YK, Dermenzhieva YD, Hristova PK. Microbiological quality of probiotic dietary supplements. BIOTECHNOL BIOTEC EQ 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/13102818.2019.1621208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Yonkova Marinova
- Department of General and Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Iliyana Kirilova Rasheva
- Department of General and Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yoana Krasimirova Kizheva
- Department of General and Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Yordanka Dimitrova Dermenzhieva
- Department of General and Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Petya Koitcheva Hristova
- Department of General and Industrial Microbiology, Faculty of Biology, Sofia University “St. Kliment Ohridski”, Sofia, Bulgaria
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Aldawsari FS, Bin Helel BS, Al shehry YM, Alharbi YT, Al Abudahash M. Probiotics and Their Quality-Related Concerns: Highlights From the Saudi Arabian Market. Ther Innov Regul Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1177/2168479019841024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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46
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Kothari D, Patel S, Kim SK. Probiotic supplements might not be universally-effective and safe: A review. Biomed Pharmacother 2018; 111:537-547. [PMID: 30597307 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2018.12.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 183] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Last few decades have witnessed the unprecedented growth in the application of probiotics for promoting the general gut health as well as their inception as biotherapeutics to alleviate certain clinical disorders related to dysbiosis. While numerous studies have substantiated the health-restoring potentials for a restricted group of microbial species, the marketed extrapolation of a similar probiotic label to a large number of partially characterized microbial formulations seems biased. In particular, the individuals under neonatal stages and/or those with some clinical conditions including malignancies, leaky gut, diabetes mellitus, and post-organ transplant convalescence likely fail to reap the benefits of probiotics. Further exacerbating the conditions, some probiotic strains might take advantage of the weak immunity in these vulnerable groups and turn into opportunistic pathogens engendering life-threatening pneumonia, endocarditis, and sepsis. Moreover, the unregulated and rampant use of probiotics potentially carry the risk of plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance transfer to the gut infectious pathogens. In this review, we discuss the safety perspectives of probiotics and their therapeutic interventions in certain at-risk population groups. The embodied arguments and hypotheses certainly will shed light on the fact why probiotic usage should be treated with caution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damini Kothari
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seema Patel
- Bioinformatics and Medical Informatics Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, 92182, USA.
| | - Soo-Ki Kim
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, 120 Neungdong-ro, Gwangjin-gu, Seoul, 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Zoumpourtikoudi V, Pyrgelis N, Chatzigrigoriou M, Tasakis RN, Touraki M. Interactions among yeast and probiotic bacteria enhance probiotic properties and metabolism offering augmented protection to Artemia franciscana against Vibrio anguillarum. Microb Pathog 2018; 125:497-506. [PMID: 30347259 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2018.10.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of the probiotics Bacillus subtilis, Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus plantarum with the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae were examined in terms of probiotic and biochemical characteristics. Yeast supernatant had a positive effect on the aggregation biofilm formation capacity and hydrophobicity of probiotics, and resulted in increased lactic acid levels, reduced pH values as well as lower RS and FAN levels of probiotics. The effect of probiotics supernatants on yeast was more complex but best results were obtained in the yeast: probiotic CFS ratio of 1:2 for B. subtilis and of 2:1 for the other probiotics. The observed effects depended on the volume ratio of the cell free supernatant to the culture it was applied on. Best results were obtained by the volume ratio probiotic: yeast of (2:1) for B. subtilis and of (1:2) probiotic: yeast for L. plantarum and L. lactis. These ratios were used for further evaluation in vitro against V. anguillarum, resulting in reduced survival and attachment properties of the pathogen. Moreover, the administration of the corresponding combination of bacteria and yeast to Artemia nauplii greatly improved their survival following a challenge with the pathogen. Our results demonstrate that yeast enhances the protective effect of probiotics in a strain specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Zoumpourtikoudi
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - N Pyrgelis
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Chatzigrigoriou
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - R N Tasakis
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - M Touraki
- Laboratory of General Biology, Division of Genetics, Development and Molecular Biology, Department of Biology, School of Sciences, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki (A.U.TH.), 54 124, Thessaloniki, Greece.
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Ghattargi VC, Gaikwad MA, Meti BS, Nimonkar YS, Dixit K, Prakash O, Shouche YS, Pawar SP, Dhotre DP. Comparative genome analysis reveals key genetic factors associated with probiotic property in Enterococcus faecium strains. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:652. [PMID: 30180794 PMCID: PMC6122445 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-5043-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enterococcus faecium though commensal in the human gut, few strains provide a beneficial effect to humans as probiotics while few are responsible for the nosocomial infection. Comparative genomics of E. faecium can decipher the genomic differences responsible for probiotic, pathogenic and non-pathogenic properties. In this study, we compared E. faecium strain 17OM39 with a marketed probiotic, non-pathogenic non-probiotic (NPNP) and pathogenic strains. RESULTS E. faecium 17OM39 was found to be closely related with marketed probiotic strain T110 based on core genome analysis. Strain 17OM39 was devoid of known vancomycin, tetracycline resistance and functional virulence genes. Moreover, E. faecium 17OM39 genome was found to be more stable due to the absence of frequently found transposable elements. Genes imparting beneficial functional properties were observed to be present in marketed probiotic T110 and 17OM39 strains. Genes associated with colonization and survival within gastrointestinal tract was also detected across all the strains. CONCLUSIONS Beyond shared genetic features; this study particularly identified genes that are responsible for imparting probiotic, non-pathogenic and pathogenic features to the strains of E. faecium. Higher genomic stability, absence of known virulence factors and antibiotic resistance genes and close genomic relatedness with marketed probiotics makes E. faecium 17OM39 a potential probiotic candidate. The work presented here demonstrates that comparative genome analyses can be applied to large numbers of genomes, to find potential probiotic candidates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas C. Ghattargi
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, Maharashtra 411021 India
- Department of Biotechnology, Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot, Karnataka 587102 India
| | - Meghana A. Gaikwad
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, Maharashtra 411021 India
| | - Bharati S. Meti
- Department of Biotechnology, Basaveshwar Engineering College, Bagalkot, Karnataka 587102 India
| | - Yogesh S. Nimonkar
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, Maharashtra 411021 India
| | - Kunal Dixit
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, Maharashtra 411021 India
| | - Om Prakash
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, Maharashtra 411021 India
| | - Yogesh S. Shouche
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, Maharashtra 411021 India
| | - Shrikant P. Pawar
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, Maharashtra 411021 India
| | - Dhiraj P. Dhotre
- National Centre for Microbial Resource (NCMR), National Centre for Cell Science (NCCS), Pune, Maharashtra 411021 India
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49
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Hanchi H, Mottawea W, Sebei K, Hammami R. The Genus Enterococcus: Between Probiotic Potential and Safety Concerns-An Update. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:1791. [PMID: 30123208 PMCID: PMC6085487 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.01791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 42.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A considerable number of strains belonging to different species of Enterococcus are highly competitive due to their resistance to wide range of pH and temperature. Their competitiveness is also owed to their ability to produce bacteriocins recognized for their wide-range effectiveness on pathogenic and spoilage bacteria. Enterococcal bacteriocins have attracted great research interest as natural antimicrobial agents in the food industry, and as a potential drug candidate for replacing antibiotics in order to treat multiple drugs resistance pathogens. However, the prevalence of virulence factors and antibiotic-resistance genes and the ability to cause disease could compromise their application in food, human and animal health. From the current regulatory point of view, the genus Enterococcus is neither recommended for the QPS list nor have GRAS status. Although recent advances in molecular biology and the recommended methods for the safety evaluation of Enterococcus strains allowed the distinction between commensal and clinical clades, development of highly adapted methods and legislations are still required. In the present review, we evaluate some aspects of Enterococcus spp. related to their probiotic properties and safety concerns as well as the current and potential application in food systems and treatment of infections. The regulatory status of commensal Enterococcus candidates for food, feed, probiotic use, and recommended methods to assess and ensure their safety are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasna Hanchi
- Nutraceuticals and Functional Proteomics Potential of Biodiversity in Tunisia, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis (ISSBAT), University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Walid Mottawea
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Khaled Sebei
- Nutraceuticals and Functional Proteomics Potential of Biodiversity in Tunisia, Higher Institute of Applied Biological Sciences of Tunis (ISSBAT), University of Tunis El Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Riadh Hammami
- Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Nutrition Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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50
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Talebi S, Makhdoumi A, Bahreini M, Matin M, Moradi H. Three novelBacillusstrains from a traditional lacto-fermented pickle as potential probiotics. J Appl Microbiol 2018; 125:888-896. [DOI: 10.1111/jam.13901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 04/25/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Talebi
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - A. Makhdoumi
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - M. Bahreini
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - M.M. Matin
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
- Cell and Molecular Biotechnology Research Group; Institute of Biotechnology; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
| | - H.S. Moradi
- Department of Biology; Faculty of Science; Ferdowsi University of Mashhad; Mashhad Iran
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