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Schuchardt JP, Beinhorn P, Hu XF, Chan HM, Roke K, Bernasconi A, Hahn A, Sala-Vila A, Stark KD, Harris WS. Omega-3 world map: 2024 update. Prog Lipid Res 2024; 95:101286. [PMID: 38879135 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2024.101286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 07/06/2024]
Abstract
In 2016, the first worldwide n3 PUFA status map was published using the Omega-3 Index (O3I) as standard biomarker. The O3I is defined as the percentage of EPA + DHA in red blood cell (RBC) membrane FAs. The purpose of the present study was to update the 2016 map with new data. In order to be included, studies had to report O3I and/or blood EPA + DHA levels in metrics convertible into an estimated O3I, in samples drawn after 1999. To convert the non-RBC-based EPA + DHA metrics into RBC we used newly developed equations. Baseline data from clinical trials and observational studies were acceptable. A literature search identified 328 studies meeting inclusion criteria encompassing 342,864 subjects from 48 countries/regions. Weighted mean country O3I levels were categorized into very low ≤4%, low >4-6%, moderate >6-8%, and desirable >8%. We found that the O3I in most countries was low to very low. Notable differences between the current and 2016 map were 1) USA, Canada, Italy, Turkey, UK, Ireland and Greece (moving from the very low to low category); 2) France, Spain and New Zealand (low to moderate); and 3) Finland and Iceland (moderate to desirable). Countries such as Iran, Egypt, and India exhibited particularly poor O3I levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philipp Schuchardt
- The Fatty Acid Research Institute, 5009 W. 12(th) St. Ste 5, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, United States; Institute of Food and One Health, Leibniz University Hannover, Am kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Philine Beinhorn
- Institute of Food and One Health, Leibniz University Hannover, Am kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Xue Feng Hu
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Hing Man Chan
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Kaitlin Roke
- Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3s (GOED), 222 South Main Street, Suite 500, Salt Lake City, UT 84101, United States
| | - Aldo Bernasconi
- Global Organization for EPA and DHA Omega-3s (GOED), 222 South Main Street, Suite 500, Salt Lake City, UT 84101, United States
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Institute of Food and One Health, Leibniz University Hannover, Am kleinen Felde 30, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Aleix Sala-Vila
- The Fatty Acid Research Institute, 5009 W. 12(th) St. Ste 5, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, United States; Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Dr. Aiguader 88, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ken D Stark
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - William S Harris
- The Fatty Acid Research Institute, 5009 W. 12(th) St. Ste 5, Sioux Falls, SD 57106, United States; Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, 1400 W. 22nd St., Sioux Falls, SD 57105, United States
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2
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Sababathy M, Ramanathan G, Abd Rahaman NY, Ramasamy R, Biau FJ, Qi Hao DL, Hamid NFS. A 'one stone, two birds' approach with mesenchymal stem cells for acute respiratory distress syndrome and Type II diabetes mellitus. Regen Med 2023; 18:913-934. [PMID: 38111999 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2023-0193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2023] Open
Abstract
This review explores the intricate relationship between acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) and Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM). It covers ARDS epidemiology, etiology and pathophysiology, along with current treatment trends and challenges. The lipopolysaccharides (LPS) role in ARDS and its association between non-communicable diseases and COVID-19 are discussed. The review highlights the therapeutic potential of human umbilical cord-derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs) for ARDS and T2DM, emphasizing their immunomodulatory effects. This review also underlines how T2DM exacerbates ARDS pathophysiology and discusses the potential of hUC-MSCs in modulating immune responses. In conclusion, the review highlights the multidisciplinary approach to managing ARDS and T2DM, focusing on inflammation, oxidative stress and potential therapy of hUC-MSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mogesh Sababathy
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Ghayathri Ramanathan
- Faculty of Computer Science & Information Technology, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nor Yasmin Abd Rahaman
- Department of Veterinary Laboratory Diagnostics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Vaccines & Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rajesh Ramasamy
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine & Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Foo Jhi Biau
- Centre for Drug Discovery & Molecular Pharmacology (CDDMP), Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Selangor, Subang Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, Selangor, Subang Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Daniel Looi Qi Hao
- My Cytohealth Sdn. Bhd., 18-2, Jalan Radin Bagus 1, Bandar Seri Petaling, Kuala Lumpur, 57000, Malaysia
| | - Nur-Fazila Saulol Hamid
- Department of Veterinary Pathology & Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
- Laboratory of Vaccines & Biomolecules, Institute of Bioscience, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 UPM Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
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3
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Effect of omega-3 ethyl esters on the triglyceride-rich lipoprotein response to endotoxin challenge in healthy young men. J Lipid Res 2023; 64:100353. [PMID: 36907552 PMCID: PMC10123374 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2023.100353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Revised: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/25/2023] [Indexed: 03/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxylipins are produced enzymatically from polyunsaturated fatty acids, are abundant in triglyceride-rich lipoproteins (TGRL), and mediate inflammatory processes. Inflammation elevates TGRL concentrations, but it is unknown if the fatty acid and oxylipin composition change. In this study, we investigated the effects of prescription ω-3 acid ethyl esters (P-OM3; 3.4 g/d EPA + DHA) on the lipid response to an endotoxin challenge (lipopolysaccharide (LPS); 0.6 ng/kg body weight). Healthy young men (N=17) were assigned 8-12 weeks of P-OM3 and olive oil control in a randomized order crossover study. Following each treatment period, subjects received endotoxin challenge, and the time-dependent TGRL composition was observed. Post-challenge, arachidonic acid (AA) was 16% [95% CI: 4%, 28%] lower than baseline at 8 hours with control. P-OM3 increased TGRL ω-3 fatty acids (EPA 24% [15%, 34%]; DHA 14% [5%, 24%]). The timing of ω-6 oxylipin responses differed by class; AA-derived alcohols peaked at 2 hrs, while linoleic acid (LA)-derived alcohols peaked at 4 hrs (pint = 0.006). P-OM3 increased EPA alcohols by 161% [68%, 305%] and DHA epoxides by 178% [47%, 427%] at 4 hrs compared to control. In conclusion, this study shows that TGRL fatty acid and oxylipin composition changes following endotoxin challenge. P-OM3 alters the TGRL response by increasing availability of ω-3 oxylipins for resolution of the inflammatory response.
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Tang L, Zhang S, Zhang M, Wang PJ, Liang GY, Gao XL. Integrated Proteomics and Metabolomics Analysis to Explore the Amelioration Mechanisms of Rosa roxburghii Tratt Fruit Polyphenols on Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury Mice. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:3079-3092. [PMID: 36745194 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.2c04344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is the main cause of death for the elderly and children due to its high morbidity and mortality rates. Plant-derived functional foods are becoming increasingly important to the healthcare and food industries for adjunctive and alternative treatments of ALI. Polyphenols have been regarded to be beneficial to the prevention and amelioration of ALI. Rosa roxburghii Tratt fruit polyphenols (RRTP) has potential to prevent ALI, but mechanism remains unclear. This study was set up to systematically analyze the RRTP extract active ingredients, comprehensively evaluate its protective effects via lung histopathological examination, protein concentration, and cytokines production in ALI mice induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and finally revealed alleviation mechanisms of the regulatory effects of RRTP by proteomics and metabolomics approach. The results demonstrated RRTP could synergistically exert significant preventive effects against ALI by notably ameliorating lung histopathological damage and pulmonary capillary permeability in ALI mice, inhibiting lung tissue inflammatory response and acute phase proteins and S-100 calcium binding proteins, suppressing excessive activation of complement and coagulation cascades, and regulating disordered lipids metabolism and amino acid metabolism. This study illustrated that RRTP has obvious advantages in ALI adjunctive therapy and revealed the complicated amelioration mechanisms, which provides a breakthrough for the development and demonstration of RRTP as a nutritional compound additive for complementary therapy of ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
- School of Chinese Ethnic Medicine, Guizhou Minzu University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Shuo Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences & Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Peng-Jiao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & Microbiology and Biochemical Pharmaceutical Engineering Research Center of Guizhou Provincial Department of Education, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Gui-You Liang
- Translational Medicine Research Center & State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiu-Li Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants & School of Pharmacy, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, China
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Lasselin J, Lekander M, Benson S, Schedlowski M, Engler H. Sick for science: experimental endotoxemia as a translational tool to develop and test new therapies for inflammation-associated depression. Mol Psychiatry 2021; 26:3672-3683. [PMID: 32873895 PMCID: PMC8550942 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-00869-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Depression is one of the global leading causes of disability, but treatments remain limited and classical antidepressants were found to be ineffective in a substantial proportion of patients. Thus, novel effective therapies for the treatment of depression are urgently needed. Given the emerging role of inflammation in the etiology and pathophysiology of affective disorders, we herein illustrate how experimental endotoxemia, a translational model of systemic inflammation, could be used as a tool to develop and test new therapeutic options against depression. Our concept is based on the striking overlap of inflammatory, neural, and affective characteristics in patients with inflammation-associated depression and in endotoxin-challenged healthy subjects. Experimental administration of endotoxin in healthy volunteers is safe, well-tolerated, and without known long-term health risks. It offers a highly standardized translational approach to characterize potential targets of therapies against inflammation-associated depression, as well as to identify characteristics of patients that would benefit from these interventions, and, therefore, could contribute to improve personalization of treatment and to increase the overall rate of responders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Lasselin
- Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122, Essen, Germany. .,Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division for Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 17177, Stockholm, Sweden. .,Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, ME Neuroradiologi, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Mats Lekander
- grid.10548.380000 0004 1936 9377Stress Research Institute, Stockholm University, 10691 Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division for Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden ,grid.24381.3c0000 0000 9241 5705Osher Center for Integrative Medicine, ME Neuroradiologi, Karolinska Universitetssjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sven Benson
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
| | - Manfred Schedlowski
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany ,grid.4714.60000 0004 1937 0626Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Division for Psychology, Karolinska Institutet, Nobels väg 9, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Harald Engler
- grid.5718.b0000 0001 2187 5445Institute of Medical Psychology and Behavioral Immunobiology, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstrasse 55, 45122 Essen, Germany
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6
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Tu M, Wang W, Zhang G, Hammock BD. ω-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids on Colonic Inflammation and Colon Cancer: Roles of Lipid-Metabolizing Enzymes Involved. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12113301. [PMID: 33126566 PMCID: PMC7693568 DOI: 10.3390/nu12113301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Substantial human and animal studies support the beneficial effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) on colonic inflammation and colorectal cancer (CRC). However, there are inconsistent results, which have shown that ω-3 PUFAs have no effect or even detrimental effects, making it difficult to effectively implement ω-3 PUFAs for disease prevention. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms for the anti-inflammatory and anticancer effects of ω-3 PUFAs will help to clarify their potential health-promoting effects, provide a scientific base for cautions for their use, and establish dietary recommendations. In this review, we summarize recent studies of ω-3 PUFAs on colonic inflammation and CRC and discuss the potential roles of ω-3 PUFA-metabolizing enzymes, notably the cytochrome P450 monooxygenases, in mediating the actions of ω-3 PUFAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolin Tu
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA; (M.T.); (G.Z.)
- Department of Food Science and Technology, National Engineering Research Center of Seafood, Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Weicang Wang
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
| | - Guodong Zhang
- Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA; (M.T.); (G.Z.)
- Molecular and Cellular Biology Graduate Program, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01002, USA
| | - Bruce D. Hammock
- Department of Entomology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-530-752-7519
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Bonakdar RA, Sweeney M, Dalhoumi S, Adair V, Garvey C, Hodge T, Herrala L, Barbee A, Case C, Kearney J, Smith K, Hwang J. Detoxification Enhanced Lifestyle Intervention Targeting Endotoxemia (DELITE) in the Setting of Obesity and Pain: Results of a Pilot Group Intervention. Integr Med (Encinitas) 2020; 19:16-28. [PMID: 33488302 PMCID: PMC7815256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity is a complex multifactorial disorder affecting a growing proportion of the population. While therapeutic lifestyle change (TLC) is foundational, results of interventional programs are often inconsistent. Factors related to systemic inflammation, toxin load and endotoxemia have been postulated to play a contributory role. This pilot study sought to evaluate the role of TLC with enhanced laboratory evaluation and interventions to address these emerging therapeutic targets. METHODS Twelve participants with a body mass index (BMI) greater than 30 (or 27 with metabolic co-morbidities) were recruited from an outpatient clinic for participation with a primary outcome of pre/post changes in body composition. Participants completed a 12-week program involving weekly group and individualized dietary, exercise, and behavioral support, supplemented with a commercial, 30-day dietary detoxification intervention and ongoing nutritional counseling. All participants completed baseline and post-intervention evaluation including metabolic, toxin load, endotoxin, body composition and functional fitness profiles. RESULTS After 12-weeks, participants as a group significantly improved body composition parameters including BMI, body fat, fat mass, and waist and hip circumference (P < .01). Significant improvement in several secondary outcomes including levels of lipopolysaccharide, zonulin and leptin were noted. Additionally, results demonstrate substantial improvements in pain, pain interference and functional fitness. Upon completion, all participants rated the program favorably with a high likelihood of continuing or recommending participation to others. CONCLUSIONS Obesity remains a challenging and often refractory clinical scenario with emerging evidence indicating the potential role of systemic inflammation, toxin load and endotoxemia. A group therapeutic lifestyle change program enhanced with a detoxification component is feasible and may provide a promising intervention for achieving weight loss while also addressing functional and pain related co-morbidities. Future randomized trials evaluating the components of such a program are needed to better delineate the role of specific interventions in the complex setting of obesity.
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Kalupahana NS, Goonapienuwala BL, Moustaid-Moussa N. Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Adipose Tissue: Inflammation and Browning. Annu Rev Nutr 2020; 40:25-49. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-nutr-122319-034142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue (BAT) are involved in whole-body energy homeostasis and metabolic regulation. Changes to mass and function of these tissues impact glucose homeostasis and whole-body energy balance during development of obesity, weight loss, and subsequent weight regain. Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs), which have known hypotriglyceridemic and cardioprotective effects, can also impact WAT and BAT function. In rodent models, these fatty acids alleviate obesity-associated WAT inflammation, improve energy metabolism, and increase thermogenic markers in BAT. Emerging evidence suggests that ω-3 PUFAs can also modulate gut microbiota impacting WAT function and adiposity. This review discusses molecular mechanisms, implications of these findings, translation to humans, and future work, especially with reference to the potential of these fatty acids in weight loss maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nishan Sudheera Kalupahana
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Peradeniya, Peradeniya, 20400, Sri Lanka
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1270, USA;,
| | - Bimba Lakmini Goonapienuwala
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1270, USA;,
| | - Naima Moustaid-Moussa
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Obesity Research Institute, Texas Tech University, Lubbock, Texas 79409-1270, USA;,
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Brooks D, Barr LC, Wiscombe S, McAuley DF, Simpson AJ, Rostron AJ. Human lipopolysaccharide models provide mechanistic and therapeutic insights into systemic and pulmonary inflammation. Eur Respir J 2020; 56:13993003.01298-2019. [PMID: 32299854 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01298-2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a key feature in the pathogenesis of sepsis and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Sepsis and ARDS continue to be associated with high mortality. A key contributory factor is the rudimentary understanding of the early events in pulmonary and systemic inflammation in humans, which are difficult to study in clinical practice, as they precede the patient's presentation to medical services. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a constituent of the outer membrane of Gram-negative bacteria, is a trigger of inflammation and the dysregulated host response in sepsis. Human LPS models deliver a small quantity of LPS to healthy volunteers, triggering an inflammatory response and providing a window to study early inflammation in humans. This allows biological/mechanistic insights to be made and new therapeutic strategies to be tested in a controlled, reproducible environment from a defined point in time. We review the use of human LPS models, focussing on the underlying mechanistic insights that have been gained by studying the response to intravenous and pulmonary LPS challenge. We discuss variables that may influence the response to LPS before considering factors that should be considered when designing future human LPS studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Brooks
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Laura C Barr
- Dept of Respiratory Medicine, Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sarah Wiscombe
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Daniel F McAuley
- School of Medicine, Dentistry and Biomedical Sciences, Institute for Health Sciences, Wellcome-Wolfson Institute for Experimental Medicine, Belfast, UK
| | - A John Simpson
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Anthony J Rostron
- Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
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Novak F, Vecka M, Meisnerova E, Sevela S, Vavrova L, Rychlikova J, Dolezalova L, Myslivcova D, Zak A, Vitek L, Novakova O. Fish oil supplementation with various lipid emulsions suppresses in vitro cytokine release in home parenteral nutrition patients: a crossover study. Nutr Res 2019; 72:70-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2019.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 10/01/2019] [Accepted: 10/02/2019] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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11
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Uchio R, Muroyama K, Okuda-Hanafusa C, Kawasaki K, Yamamoto Y, Murosaki S. Hot Water Extract of Curcuma longa L. Improves Serum Inflammatory Markers and General Health in Subjects with Overweight or Prehypertension/Mild Hypertension: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11081822. [PMID: 31394768 PMCID: PMC6723939 DOI: 10.3390/nu11081822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2019] [Revised: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of a hot water extract of C. longa L. (WEC) containing anti-inflammatory agents, bisacurone, and turmeronol on chronic inflammation, a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study was conducted in middle-aged and elderly subjects aged 50–69 years with overweight or prehypertension/mild hypertension. The subjects consumed 900 mg WEC tablets, containing 400 μg bisacurone, 80 μg turmeronol A and 20 μg turmeronol B (WEC group: n = 45), or placebo tablets without WEC (placebo group: n = 45) daily for 12 weeks. Serum inflammatory and metabolic markers were measured. The subjects also completed the MOS 36-item short-form health survey (SF-36) and the Profile of Mood States scale (POMS). In the WEC group, the serum levels of C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 decreased significantly. Compared with the placebo group, the WEC group had significantly lower serum levels of glucose, hemoglobin A1c, and triglycerides, as well as higher serum levels of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. The WEC group also showed significant improvement of SF-36 scores (for general health, vitality, mental health, and mental summary component) and POMS scores for positive mood states (vigor-activity and friendliness). In conclusion, WEC may ameliorate chronic low-grade inflammation, thus contributing to the improvement of associated metabolic disorders and general health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryusei Uchio
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corp., 3-20 Imoji, Itami, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan.
| | - Koutarou Muroyama
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corp., 3-20 Imoji, Itami, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan
| | - Chinatsu Okuda-Hanafusa
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corp., 3-20 Imoji, Itami, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan
| | - Kengo Kawasaki
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corp., 3-20 Imoji, Itami, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Yamamoto
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corp., 3-20 Imoji, Itami, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan
| | - Shinji Murosaki
- Research & Development Institute, House Wellness Foods Corp., 3-20 Imoji, Itami, Hyogo 664-0011, Japan
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12
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Camargo Novaes SS, Hellmeister Dantas FB, Alvim ID, Rauen de Oliveira Miguel AM, Vissotto FZ, Vercelino Alves RM. Experimental method to obtain a uniform food powder mixture of omega-3 microcapsules and whole milk powder. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2018.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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13
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Das UN. Polyunsaturated fatty acids and sepsis. Nutrition 2019; 65:39-43. [PMID: 31029920 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2019.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2019] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, Battle Ground, Washington, USA; BioScience Research Centre and Department of Medicine, GVP Medical College and Hospital, Visakhapatnam, India.
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14
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Endotoxemia is modulated by quantity and quality of dietary fat in older adults. Exp Gerontol 2018; 109:119-125. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2017.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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15
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Safety and efficacy of n-3 fatty acid-based parenteral nutrition in patients with obstructive jaundice: a propensity-matched study. Eur J Clin Nutr 2018; 72:1159-1166. [PMID: 30006616 PMCID: PMC6085574 DOI: 10.1038/s41430-018-0256-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 06/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Background It is reported that lipid emulsion enriched in n-3 fatty acids (FAs) helps us to improve postoperative recovery for surgical patients with biliary tract disease. Its role for postoperative patients with obstructive jaundice is as yet unclear. The object of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of n-3 fatty acid-based parenteral nutrition (PN) for patients with obstructive jaundice following surgical procedures. Methods Data were collected from patients with obstructive jaundice who received PN, including n-3 PUFA-enriched lipid emulsions and standard non-enriched lipid emulsions (e.g., soybean oil). We then calculated a propensity score, the probability of receiving different PN, by the propensity score matched (PSM) method. After matching, we compared isonitrogenous total PN with 20% Structolipid and 10% n-3 fatty acid (Omegaven, Fresenius-Kabi, Germany) (treatment group) to Structolipid alone (control group) for 5 days postoperatively, in the absence of enteral nutrition. Results Before the propensity score matching, there were 226 patients enrolled. After propensity score stratification, 108 cases remained, and all covariates were balanced. Among matched patients with PN, patients in the control group were at a higher risk for long-term jaundice recovery (12.9 ± 8.5 VS 16.4 ± 7.9 P = 0.029), lower velocity of reduction in jaundice (P = 0.045), and lower pre-albumin (P = 0.002). No significant difference as found in terms of comorbidities, white blood cell (WBC), albumin and other aspects. Conclusion PN with n-3 PUFA-enriched lipid emulsions was safe and effective in accelerating jaundice recovery for patients after surgical procedures. This trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT03376945.
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16
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Mokkala K, Pussinen P, Houttu N, Koivuniemi E, Vahlberg T, Laitinen K. The impact of probiotics and n-3 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids on intestinal permeability in pregnancy: a randomised clinical trial. Benef Microbes 2018; 9:199-208. [PMID: 29345158 DOI: 10.3920/bm2017.0072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
A disruption in intestinal barrier integrity may predispose individuals to metabolic aberrations, particularly during the vulnerable period of pregnancy. We investigated whether intestinal permeability, as measured by serum zonulin concentration, changes over the duration of pregnancy and whether this change is reflected in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) activity. Second, we tested in a randomised double-blind placebo controlled clinical trial the impact of consuming dietary probiotics and/or long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC-PUFA) supplements in lowering serum zonulin concentration and LPS activity. The probiotic supplement was a combination of two bacteria, Bifidobacterium animalis ssp. lactis 420 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus HN001. This study included 200 overweight pregnant women participating in an on-going study; participants were randomised to consume either (1) probiotics, (2) LC-PUFA, (3) probiotics and LC-PUFA, or (4) placebo for each supplement. Blood samples were obtained at early, the baseline, and late pregnancy (mean 14 and 35 weeks of gestation, respectively). Serum zonulin concentration increased from early (mean (standard deviation): 62.7 (12.9) ng/ml) to late pregnancy by 5.3 (95%CI 3.7-6.9) ng/ml, and LPS activity increased from (0.16 (0.04) EU/ml) by 0.04 (95%CI 0.03-0.05) EU/ml. No differences among the intervention groups were detected in the change from early to late pregnancy in serum zonulin concentration (P=0.8) or LPS activity (P=0.2). The change in serum zonulin concentration during the pregnancy was associated with the weeks of follow up (r=0.25, P<0.001). Serum LPS activity was correlated with higher maternal weight gain (r=0.19, P=0.008). As a conclusion, intestinal permeability increased with the progression of pregnancy in overweight and obese women and was reflected in LPS activity. No efficacy of supplementation with probiotics and/or LC-PUFA was demonstrated in pregnancy-induced changes in serum zonulin concentration or LPS activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mokkala
- 1 Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - P Pussinen
- 2 Oral and Maxillofacial Diseases, University of Helsinki and University Hospital of Helsinki, 00014 Helsinki, Finland
| | - N Houttu
- 1 Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - E Koivuniemi
- 1 Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland.,3 Turku University Hospital, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - T Vahlberg
- 4 Department of Clinical Medicine, Biostatistics, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, 20014 Turku, Finland
| | - K Laitinen
- 1 Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20014 Turku, Finland
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17
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Blood fatty acid changes in healthy young Americans in response to a 10-week diet that increased n-3 and reduced n-6 fatty acid consumption: a randomised controlled trial. Br J Nutr 2017; 117:1257-1269. [PMID: 28534446 DOI: 10.1017/s0007114517001003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Military personnel generally under-consume n-3 fatty acids and overconsume n-6 fatty acids. In a placebo-controlled, double-blinded study, we investigated whether a diet suitable for implementation in military dining facilities and civilian cafeterias could benefit n-3/n-6 fatty acid status of consumers. Three volunteer groups were provided different diets for 10 weeks. Control (CON) participants consumed meals from the US Military's Standard Garrison Dining Facility Menu. Experimental, moderate (EXP-Mod) and experimental-high (EXP-High) participants consumed the same meals, but high n-6 fatty acid and low n-3 fatty acid containing chicken, egg, oils and food ingredients were replaced with products having less n-6 fatty acids and more n-3 fatty acids. The EXP-High participants also consumed smoothies containing 1000 mg n-3 fatty acids per serving, whereas other participants received placebo smoothies. Plasma and erythrocyte EPA and DHA in CON group remained unchanged throughout, whereas EPA, DHA and Omega-3 Index increased in EXP-Mod and EXP-High groups, and were higher than in CON group after 5 weeks. After 10 weeks, Omega-3 Index in EXP-High group had increased further. No participants exhibited changes in fasting plasma TAG, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, mood or emotional reactivity. Replacing high linoleic acid (LA) containing foods in dining facility menus with similar high oleic acid/low LA and high n-3 fatty acid foods can improve n-6/n-3 blood fatty acid status after 5 weeks. The diets were well accepted and suitable for implementation in group feeding settings like military dining facilities and civilian cafeterias.
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18
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Xue C, Zhang X, Zhang H, Ferguson JF, Wang Y, Hinkle CC, Li M, Reilly MP. De novo RNA sequence assembly during in vivo inflammatory stress reveals hundreds of unannotated lincRNAs in human blood CD14 + monocytes and in adipose tissue. Physiol Genomics 2017; 49:287-305. [PMID: 28389524 PMCID: PMC5495909 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00001.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Long intergenic noncoding RNAs (lincRNAs) have emerged as key regulators of cellular functions and physiology. Yet functional lincRNAs often have low, context-specific and tissue-specific expression. We hypothesized that many human monocyte and adipose lincRNAs would be absent in current public annotations due to lincRNA tissue specificity, modest sequencing depth in public data, limitations of transcriptome assembly algorithms, and lack of dynamic physiological contexts. Deep RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) was performed in peripheral blood CD14+ monocytes (monocytes; average ~247 million reads per sample) and adipose tissue (average ~378 million reads per sample) collected before and after human experimental endotoxemia, an in vivo inflammatory stress, to identify tissue-specific and clinically relevant lincRNAs. Using a stringent filtering pipeline, we identified 109 unannotated lincRNAs in monocytes and 270 unannotated lincRNAs in adipose. Most unannotated lincRNAs are not conserved in rodents and are tissue specific, while many have features of regulated expression and are enriched in transposable elements. Specific subsets have enhancer RNA characteristics or are expressed only during inflammatory stress. A subset of unannotated lincRNAs was validated and replicated for their presence and inflammatory induction in independent human samples and for their monocyte and adipocyte origins. Through interrogation of public genome-wide association data, we also found evidence of specific disease association for selective unannotated lincRNAs. Our findings highlight the critical need to perform deep RNA-Seq in a cell-, tissue-, and context-specific manner to annotate the full repertoire of human lincRNAs for a complete understanding of lincRNA roles in dynamic cell functions and in human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenyi Xue
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Jane F Ferguson
- Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Ying Wang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Christine C Hinkle
- Gene Therapy Program, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York; .,Irving Institute for Clinical and Translational Research, Columbia University, New York, New York
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19
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Effect of Oral ω3-Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids as a Complement Management to Control Fistula Output and Inflammation in Patients With Digestive Fistula. J Gastrointest Surg 2017; 21:453-462. [PMID: 27909869 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-016-3333-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The presence of digestive fistula involves chronic inflammation and fibrosis. It has been reported that ω3-polyunsaturated fatty acids stimulate the resolution of inflammation. AIM Determine if the administration of oral ω3 reduces fistula output and the time required for fistula closure. METHODS Forty-nine patients with postoperative fistula were randomly divided in two groups: 26 received conventional treatment and 23 received the conventional treatment supplemented with ω3 (540 mg eicosapentaenoic acid and 360 mg docosahexaenoic acid) for 35 days. Patients were monitored daily for fistula output and spontaneous closure. Additionally, serum pro-inflammatory cytokines and C-reactive protein were quantified in four patients with conventional and in seven patients with ω3 treatment. RESULTS Patients with ω3 had significantly decreased fistula output from days 2 to 27, compared to control (p < 0.05). Spontaneous fistula closure was achieved in 15 patients (65%) in the ω3 group and in 14 (54%) in the control group. ω3-polyunsaturated fatty intake also decreased the serum concentrations of interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that ω3 supplementation to conventional medical treatment decreases fistula output and reduces inflammation (interleukin-6 and C-reactive protein), and these effects may increase the efficiency of conventional medical treatment.
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20
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Shah RD, Xue C, Zhang H, Tuteja S, Li M, Reilly MP, Ferguson JF. Expression of Calgranulin Genes S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12 Is Modulated by n-3 PUFA during Inflammation in Adipose Tissue and Mononuclear Cells. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0169614. [PMID: 28125622 PMCID: PMC5268473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0169614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Calgranulin genes (S100A8, S100A9 and S100A12) play key immune response roles in inflammatory disorders, including cardiovascular disease. Long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFA) may have systemic and adipose tissue-specific anti-inflammatory and cardio-protective action. Interactions between calgranulins and the unsaturated fatty acid arachidonic acid (AA) have been reported, yet little is known about the relationship between calgranulins and the LC n-3 PUFA eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). We explored tissue-specific action of calgranulins in the setting of evoked endotoxemia and n-3 PUFA supplementation. Expression of calgranulins in adipose tissue in vivo was assessed by RNA sequencing (RNASeq) before and after n-3 PUFA supplementation and evoked endotoxemia in the fenofibrate and omega-3 fatty acid modulation of endotoxemia (FFAME) Study. Subjects received n-3 PUFA (n = 8; 3600mg/day EPA/DHA) or matched placebo (n = 6) for 6–8 weeks, before completing an endotoxin challenge (LPS 0.6 ng/kg). Calgranulin genes were up-regulated post-LPS, with greater increase in n-3 PUFA (S100A8 15-fold, p = 0.003; S100A9 7-fold, p = 0.003; S100A12 28-fold, p = 0.01) compared to placebo (S100A8 2-fold, p = 0.01; S100A9 1.4-fold, p = 0.4; S100A12 5-fold, p = 0.06). In an independent evoked endotoxemia study, calgranulin gene expression correlated with the systemic inflammatory response. Through in vivo and in vitro interrogation we highlight differential responses in adipocytes and mononuclear cells during inflammation, with n-3 PUFA leading to increased calgranulin expression in adipose, but decreased expression in circulating cells. In conclusion, we present a novel relationship between n-3 PUFA anti-inflammatory action in vivo and cell-specific modulation of calgranulin expression during innate immune activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachana D. Shah
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Hanrui Zhang
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Sony Tuteja
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics & Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Muredach P. Reilly
- Department of Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Jane F. Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center (VTRACC), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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21
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Das UN. Combination of aspirin with essential fatty acids is superior to aspirin alone to prevent or ameliorate sepsis or ARDS. Lipids Health Dis 2016; 15:206. [PMID: 27887602 PMCID: PMC5124295 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-016-0377-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
It has been suggested that aspirin may be of benefit in treating sepsis and ARDS in view of its ability to block cyclo-oxygenase-1 (COX-1) and COX-2 activities; inhibit nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB); enhance the production of endothelial nitric oxide (eNO) and lipoxin A4 (LXA4). Our previous studies revealed that plasma phospholipid content of arachidonic acid (AA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) is low in patients with sepsis. This implies that beneficial actions of aspirin in sepsis and ARDS is unlikely to be obtained in view of deficiency of AA and EPA, the precursors of LXA4 and resolvins respectively that are potent anti-inflammatory compounds and enhancers of eNO generation. In view of this, I propose that a combination of aspirin and AA and EPA (and possibly, docosahexaenoic acid, DHA) is likely to be superior in the management of sepsis and ARDS compared to aspirin alone. This suggestion is supported by the recent observation that trauma patients with uncomplicated recoveries had higher resolvin pathway gene expression and lower gene expression ratios of leukotriene: resolvin pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Undurti N Das
- UND Life Sciences, 2020 S 360th St, # K-202, Federal Way, WA, 98003, USA. .,BioScience Research Centre, GVP College of Engineering Campus and Department of Medicine, GVP Hospital, Madhurawada, Visakhapatnam, 530 048, India.
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22
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Huang CW, Chien YS, Chen YJ, Ajuwon KM, Mersmann HM, Ding ST. Role of n-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids in Ameliorating the Obesity-Induced Metabolic Syndrome in Animal Models and Humans. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101689. [PMID: 27735847 PMCID: PMC5085721 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence of obesity and its comorbidities, such as insulin resistance and type II diabetes, are increasing dramatically, perhaps caused by the change in the fatty acid composition of common human diets. Adipose tissue plays a role as the major energy reservoir in the body. An excess of adipose mass accumulation caused by chronic positive energy balance results in obesity. The n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA), DHA (docosahexaenoic acid) and EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid) exert numerous beneficial effects to maintain physiological homeostasis. In the current review, the physiology of n-3 PUFA effects in the body is delineated from studies conducted in both human and animal experiments. Although mechanistic studies in human are limited, numerous studies conducted in animals and models in vitro provide potential molecular mechanisms of the effects of these fatty acids. Three aspects of n-3 PUFA in adipocyte regulation are discussed: (1) lipid metabolism, including adipocyte differentiation, lipolysis and lipogenesis; (2) energy expenditure, such as mitochondrial and peroxisomal fatty acid β-oxidation; and (3) inflammation, including adipokines and specialized pro-resolving lipid mediators. Additionally, the mechanisms by which n-3 PUFA regulate gene expression are highlighted. The beneficial effects of n-3 PUFA may help to reduce the incidence of obesity and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Wei Huang
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Shan Chien
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Jen Chen
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Kolapo M Ajuwon
- Department of Animal Science, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907-2054, USA.
| | - Harry M Mersmann
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
| | - Shih-Torng Ding
- Department of Animal Science and Technology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
- Institute of Biotechnology, National Taiwan University, Taipei 106, Taiwan.
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23
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Ferguson JF, Allayee H, Gerszten RE, Ideraabdullah F, Kris-Etherton PM, Ordovás JM, Rimm EB, Wang TJ, Bennett BJ. Nutrigenomics, the Microbiome, and Gene-Environment Interactions: New Directions in Cardiovascular Disease Research, Prevention, and Treatment: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association. CIRCULATION. CARDIOVASCULAR GENETICS 2016; 9:291-313. [PMID: 27095829 PMCID: PMC7829062 DOI: 10.1161/hcg.0000000000000030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cardiometabolic diseases are the leading cause of death worldwide and are strongly linked to both genetic and nutritional factors. The field of nutrigenomics encompasses multiple approaches aimed at understanding the effects of diet on health or disease development, including nutrigenetic studies investigating the relationship between genetic variants and diet in modulating cardiometabolic risk, as well as the effects of dietary components on multiple "omic" measures, including transcriptomics, metabolomics, proteomics, lipidomics, epigenetic modifications, and the microbiome. Here, we describe the current state of the field of nutrigenomics with respect to cardiometabolic disease research and outline a direction for the integration of multiple omics techniques in future nutrigenomic studies aimed at understanding mechanisms and developing new therapeutic options for cardiometabolic disease treatment and prevention.
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Ferguson JF, Xue C, Hu Y, Li M, Reilly MP. Adipose tissue RNASeq reveals novel gene-nutrient interactions following n-3 PUFA supplementation and evoked inflammation in humans. J Nutr Biochem 2016; 30:126-32. [PMID: 27012629 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2015.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary consumption of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFA) may protect against cardiometabolic disease through modulation of systemic and adipose inflammation. However, it is often difficult to detect the subtle effects of n-3 PUFA on inflammatory biomarkers in traditional intervention studies. We aimed to identify novel n-3 PUFA modulated gene expression using unbiased adipose transcriptomics during evoked endotoxemia in a clinical trial of n-3 PUFA supplementation. We analyzed adipose gene expression using RNA sequencing in the fenofibrate and omega-3 fatty acid modulation of endotoxemia (FFAME) trial of healthy individuals at three timepoints: before and after n-3 PUFA supplementation (n=8; 3600mg/day EPA/DHA) for 6weeks compared with placebo (n=6), as well as during a subsequent evoked inflammatory challenge (lipopolysaccharide 0.6ng/kg i.v.). As expected, supplementation with n-3 PUFA vs. placebo alone had only modest effects on adipose tissue gene expression, e.g., increased expression of immediate early response IER2. In contrast, the transcriptomic response to evoked endotoxemia was significantly modified by n-3 PUFA supplementation, with several genes demonstrating significant n-3 PUFA gene-nutrient interactions, e.g., enhanced transcriptional responses in specific immune genes IER5L, HES1, IL1RN, CCL18, IL1RN, IL7R, IL8, CCL3 and others. These data highlight potential mechanisms whereby n-3 PUFA consumption may enhance the immune response to an inflammatory challenge. In conclusion, unbiased transcriptomics during evoked inflammation reveals novel immune modulating functions of n-3 PUFA nutritional intervention in a dynamic pathophysiological setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane F Ferguson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, and Vanderbilt Translational and Clinical Cardiovascular Research Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Yu Hu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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25
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Fabian CJ, Kimler BF, Phillips TA, Nydegger JL, Kreutzjans AL, Carlson SE, Hidaka BH, Metheny T, Zalles CM, Mills GB, Powers KR, Sullivan DK, Petroff BK, Hensing WL, Fridley BL, Hursting SD. Modulation of Breast Cancer Risk Biomarkers by High-Dose Omega-3 Fatty Acids: Phase II Pilot Study in Postmenopausal Women. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2015; 8:922-31. [PMID: 26276744 PMCID: PMC4596784 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-14-0336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Associational studies suggest higher intakes/blood levels of the omega-3 fatty acids eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) relative to the omega-6 arachidonic acid (AA) are associated with reduced breast cancer risk. We performed a pilot study of high-dose EPA + DHA in postmenopausal women to assess feasibility before initiating a phase IIB prevention trial. Postmenopausal women with cytologic evidence of hyperplasia in their baseline random periareolar fine needle aspiration (RPFNA) took 1,860 mg EPA +1500 mg DHA ethyl esters daily for 6 months. Blood and breast tissue were sampled at baseline and study conclusion for exploratory biomarker assessment, with P values uncorrected for multiple comparisons. Feasibility was predefined as 50% uptake, 80% completion, and 70% compliance. Trial uptake by 35 study entrants from 54 eligible women was 65%, with 97% completion and 97% compliance. Favorable modulation was suggested for serum adiponectin (P = 0.0027), TNFα (P = 0.016), HOMA 2B measure of pancreatic β cell function (P = 0.0048), and bioavailable estradiol (P = 0.039). Benign breast tissue Ki-67 (P = 0.036), macrophage chemoattractant protein-1 (P = 0.033), cytomorphology index score (P = 0.014), and percent mammographic density (P = 0.036) were decreased with favorable effects in a proteomics array for several proteins associated with mitogen signaling and cell-cycle arrest; but no obvious overall effect on proteins downstream of mTOR. Although favorable risk biomarker modulation will need to be confirmed in a placebo-controlled trial, we have demonstrated feasibility for development of high-dose EPA and DHA ethyl esters for primary prevention of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carol J Fabian
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas.
| | - Bruce F Kimler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Teresa A Phillips
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Jennifer L Nydegger
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Amy L Kreutzjans
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Susan E Carlson
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Brandon H Hidaka
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Trina Metheny
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | | | - Gordon B Mills
- Department of Systems Biology, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Kandy R Powers
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Debra K Sullivan
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Brian K Petroff
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Whitney L Hensing
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Brooke L Fridley
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas
| | - Stephen D Hursting
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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26
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Neuroinflammatory processes in cognitive disorders: Is there a role for flavonoids and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids in counteracting their detrimental effects? Neurochem Int 2015; 89:63-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2015] [Revised: 08/04/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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27
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Skarke C, Alamuddin N, Lawson JA, Li X, Ferguson JF, Reilly MP, FitzGerald GA. Bioactive products formed in humans from fish oils. J Lipid Res 2015; 56:1808-20. [PMID: 26180051 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m060392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Resolvins, maresins, and protectins can be formed from fish oils. These specialized pro-resolving mediators (SPMs) have been implicated in the resolution of inflammation. Synthetic versions of such SPMs exert anti-inflammatory effects in vitro and when administered to animal models. However, their importance as endogenous products formed in sufficient amounts to exert anti-inflammatory actions in vivo remains speculative. We biased our ability to detect SPMs formed in healthy volunteers by supplementing fish oil in doses shown previously to influence blood pressure and platelet aggregation under placebo-controlled conditions. Additionally, we sought to determine the relative formation of SPMs during an acute inflammatory response and its resolution, evoked in healthy volunteers by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Bioactive lipids, enzymatic epoxyeicosatrienoic acids (EETs), and free radical-catalyzed prostanoids [isoprostanes (iPs)] formed from arachidonic acid and the fish oils, served as comparators. Despite the clear shift from ω-6 to ω-3 EETs and iPs, we failed to detect a consistent signal, in most cases, of SPM formation in urine or plasma in response to fish oil, and in all cases in response to LPS on a background of fish oil. Our results question the relevance of these SPMs to the putative anti-inflammatory effects of fish oils in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carsten Skarke
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), Smilow Center for Translational Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Naji Alamuddin
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), Smilow Center for Translational Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - John A Lawson
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), Smilow Center for Translational Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Xuanwen Li
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), Smilow Center for Translational Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jane F Ferguson
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), Smilow Center for Translational Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), Smilow Center for Translational Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Garret A FitzGerald
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics (ITMAT), Smilow Center for Translational Research, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104
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Eiden M, Koulman A, Hatunic M, West JA, Murfitt S, Osei M, Adams C, Wang X, Chu Y, Marney L, Roberts LD, O'Rahilly S, Semple RK, Savage DB, Griffin JL. Mechanistic insights revealed by lipid profiling in monogenic insulin resistance syndromes. Genome Med 2015; 7:63. [PMID: 26273324 PMCID: PMC4535665 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-015-0179-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Evidence from several recent metabolomic studies suggests that increased concentrations of triacylglycerols with shorter (14–16 carbon atoms), saturated fatty acids are associated with insulin resistance and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Although causality cannot be inferred from association studies, patients in whom the primary cause of insulin resistance can be genetically defined offer unique opportunities to address this challenge. Methods We compared metabolite profiles in patients with congenital lipodystrophy or loss-of-function insulin resistance (INSR gene) mutations with healthy controls. Results The absence of significant differences in triacylglycerol species in the INSR group suggest that changes previously observed in epidemiological studies are not purely a consequence of insulin resistance. The presence of triacylglycerols with lower carbon numbers and high saturation in patients with lipodystrophy suggests that these metabolite changes may be associated with primary adipose tissue dysfunction. The observed pattern of triacylglycerol species is indicative of increased de novo lipogenesis in the liver. To test this we investigated the distribution of these triacylglycerols in lipoprotein fractions using size exclusion chromatography prior to mass spectrometry. This associated these triacylglycerols with very low-density lipoprotein particles, and hence release of triacylglycerols into the blood from the liver. To test further the hepatic origin of these triacylglycerols we induced de novo lipogenesis in the mouse, comparing ob/ob and wild-type mice on a chow or high fat diet, confirming that de novo lipogenesis induced an increase in relatively shorter, more saturated fatty acids. Conclusions Overall, these studies highlight hepatic de novo lipogenesis in the pathogenesis of metabolic dyslipidaemia in states where energy intake exceeds the capacity of adipose tissue. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-015-0179-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Eiden
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL UK
| | - Albert Koulman
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL UK
| | - Mensud Hatunic
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - James A West
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL UK ; Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Steven Murfitt
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael Osei
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL UK
| | - Claire Adams
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Xinzhu Wang
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL UK ; Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yajing Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Luke Marney
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL UK
| | - Lee D Roberts
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL UK ; Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Robert K Semple
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - David B Savage
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Julian L Griffin
- MRC Human Nutrition Research, Elsie Widdowson Laboratory, 120 Fulbourn Road, Cambridge, CB1 9NL UK ; Department of Biochemistry and the Cambridge Systems Biology Centre, University of Cambridge, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK
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Honda KL, Lamon-Fava S, Matthan NR, Wu D, Lichtenstein AH. Docosahexaenoic acid differentially affects TNFα and IL-6 expression in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2015; 97:27-34. [PMID: 25921297 PMCID: PMC4562472 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2015.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Revised: 03/23/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) is generally reported to have anti-inflammatory properties, however, prior work has documented differential effects on individual pro-inflammatory cytokines: reduced IL-6, but not TNFα, mRNA expression in macrophages. To elucidate the mechanism, the roles of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), cyclic AMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and NFκB were examined in RAW 264.7 macrophages. DHA did not influence CREB activity, but significantly reduced PGE2 production by 41% and NFκB activity by 32%. Exogenous PGE2 inhibited TNFα mRNA expression dose dependently. Unexpectedly, inhibiting PGE2 production with NS-398 also decreased TNFα mRNA expression, suggesting a concentration-dependent dual role of PGE2 in regulating TNFα expression. IL-6 expression was unaffected by endogenous or exogenous PGE2. Partial block of NFκB activation (SN50; 46%, or, BAY-11-7082; 41%) lowered IL-6 to a greater extent than TNFα mRNA expression. The differential effect of DHA on TNFα and IL-6 mRNA expression may be mediated via reduction in NFκB activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaori L Honda
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Stefania Lamon-Fava
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Nirupa R Matthan
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Dayong Wu
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Alice H Lichtenstein
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Patel PN, Shah RY, Ferguson JF, Reilly MP. Human experimental endotoxemia in modeling the pathophysiology, genomics, and therapeutics of innate immunity in complex cardiometabolic diseases. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 2015; 35:525-34. [PMID: 25550206 PMCID: PMC4344396 DOI: 10.1161/atvbaha.114.304455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is a fundamental feature of several complex cardiometabolic diseases. Indeed, obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic dyslipidemia, and atherosclerosis are all closely linked inflammatory states. Increasing evidence suggests that the infectious, biome-related, or endogenous activation of the innate immune system may contribute to the development of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease. Here, we describe the human experimental endotoxemia model for the specific study of innate immunity in understanding further the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disease. In a controlled, experimental setting, administration of an intravenous bolus of purified Escherichia coli endotoxin activates innate immunity in healthy human volunteers. During endotoxemia, changes emerge in glucose metabolism, lipoprotein composition, and lipoprotein functions that closely resemble those observed chronically in inflammatory cardiovascular disease risk states. In this review, we describe the transient systemic inflammation and specific metabolic consequences that develop during human endotoxemia. Such a model provides a controlled induction of systemic inflammation, eliminates confounding, undermines reverse causation, and possesses unique potential as a starting point for genomic screening and testing of novel therapeutics for treatment of the inflammatory underpinning of cardiometabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parth N Patel
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (P.N.P., R.Y.S., M.P.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (J.F.F.)
| | - Rhia Y Shah
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (P.N.P., R.Y.S., M.P.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (J.F.F.)
| | - Jane F Ferguson
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (P.N.P., R.Y.S., M.P.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (J.F.F.)
| | - Muredach P Reilly
- From the Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia (P.N.P., R.Y.S., M.P.R.); and Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN (J.F.F.).
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31
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Skulas-Ray AC. Omega-3 fatty acids and inflammation: a perspective on the challenges of evaluating efficacy in clinical research. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2015; 116-117:104-11. [PMID: 25698680 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a common underpinning of many diseases. There is a strong pre-clinical evidence base demonstrating the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids for ameliorating inflammation and thereby reducing disease burden. Clinically, C-reactive protein (CRP) serves as both a reliable marker for monitoring inflammation and a modifiable endpoint for studies of anti-inflammatory pharmaceuticals. However, clinical omega-3 fatty acid supplementation trials have not replicated pre-clinical findings in terms of consistent CRP reductions. Methodological differences present numerous challenges in translating pre-clinical evidence to clinical results. It is crucial that future clinical nutrition research clearly distinguish between the reversal of established inflammation and preventing the development of inflammation. Future clinical studies evaluating the ability of omega-3 fatty acids to attenuate an excessive inflammatory response, may be advanced by employing new statistical approaches and utilizing models of induced inflammation, such as low-dose human endotoxemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann C Skulas-Ray
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States.
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Ferguson JF, Meyer NJ, Qu L, Xue C, Liu Y, DerOhannessian SL, Rushefski M, Paschos GK, Tang S, Schadt EE, Li M, Christie JD, Reilly MP. Integrative genomics identifies 7p11.2 as a novel locus for fever and clinical stress response in humans. Hum Mol Genet 2014; 24:1801-12. [PMID: 25416278 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddu589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Fever predicts clinical outcomes in sepsis, trauma and during cardiovascular stress, yet the genetic determinants are poorly understood. We used an integrative genomics approach to identify novel genomic determinants of the febrile response to experimental endotoxemia. We highlight multiple integrated lines of evidence establishing the clinical relevance of this novel fever locus. Through genome-wide association study (GWAS) of evoked endotoxemia (lipopolysaccharide (LPS) 1 ng/kg IV) in healthy subjects of European ancestry we discovered a locus on chr7p11.2 significantly associated with the peak febrile response to LPS (top single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs7805622, P = 2.4 × 10(-12)), as well as with temperature fluctuation over time. We replicated this association in a smaller independent LPS study (rs7805622, P = 0.03). In clinical translation, this locus was also associated with temperature and mortality in critically ill patients with trauma or severe sepsis. The top GWAS SNPs are not located within protein-coding genes, but have significant cis-expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) associations with expression of a cluster of genes ∼400 kb upstream, several of which (SUMF2, CCT6A, GBAS) are regulated by LPS in vivo in blood cells. LPS- and cold-treatment of adipose stromal cells in vitro suggest genotype-specific modulation of eQTL candidate genes (PSPH). Several eQTL genes were up-regulated in brown and white adipose following cold exposure in mice, highlighting a potential role in thermogenesis. Thus, through genomic interrogation of experimental endotoxemia, we identified and replicated a novel fever locus on chr7p11.2 that modulates clinical responses in trauma and sepsis, and highlight integrated in vivo and in vitro evidence for possible novel cis candidate genes conserved across human and mouse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane F Ferguson
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Liming Qu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology
| | - Chenyi Xue
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology
| | - Yichuan Liu
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology
| | | | | | - Georgios K Paschos
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Soonyew Tang
- Institute for Translational Medicine and Therapeutics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Eric E Schadt
- Icahn Institute for Genomics and Multiscale Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mingyao Li
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology
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Dillingh MR, van Poelgeest EP, Malone KE, Kemper EM, Stroes ESG, Moerland M, Burggraaf J. Characterization of inflammation and immune cell modulation induced by low-dose LPS administration to healthy volunteers. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2014. [DOI: 10.1186/s12950-014-0028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Ferguson JF, Ryan MF, Gibney ER, Brennan L, Roche HM, Reilly MP. Dietary isoflavone intake is associated with evoked responses to inflammatory cardiometabolic stimuli and improved glucose homeostasis in healthy volunteers. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2014; 24:996-1003. [PMID: 24875672 PMCID: PMC4130742 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2014.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 03/20/2014] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Consumption of foods that modulate inflammatory stress in genetically-prone individuals may influence development of cardiometabolic diseases. Isoflavones in soy-derived foods function as phytoestrogens, have antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity, inhibit protein-tyrosine kinase activity, and may be atheroprotective. We examined the relationship between soy food consumption and inflammatory responses to endotoxemia, postprandial responses to oral lipid tolerance test (OLTT), and insulin sensitivity from frequently sampled intravenous tolerance tests (FSIGTT). METHODS AND RESULTS We administered low-dose endotoxin (LPS 1 ng/kg) to induce transient endotoxemia in young, healthy volunteers (N = 215) of African (AA), and European (EA) ancestry as part of the GENE Study. We further supported these findings in two independent samples: the MECHE Study and NHANES. Soy food consumption was a significant predictor of peak cytokine response following LPS. Individuals with moderate-high (>1.48 mg/day, N = 65) vs. low-no (<1.48 mg/day, N = 150) isoflavone consumption had significantly higher tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα) post-LPS (AUC, P = 0.009). Further, high-isoflavone consumers were protected against inflammation-induced decline in insulin sensitivity (SI) in GENE. We observed significant differences by soy consumption in the interferon gamma (IFNγ) response to OLTT, and the insulin response to OGTT in MECHE, as well as significantly lower fasting insulin, and 2-hour glucose post-OGTT in EA NHANES subjects. CONCLUSION We demonstrate that soy consumption may influence inflammatory and metabolic responses. In research of nutritional exposures, measuring evoked phenotypes may be more informative than describing resting characteristics. The GENE Study was registered under NCT00953667 and the MECHE Study under NCT01172951, both at clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Ferguson
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - M F Ryan
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - E R Gibney
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - L Brennan
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - H M Roche
- UCD Institute of Food & Health, University College Dublin, Ireland; Conway Institute, School of Public Health and Population Sciences, University College Dublin, Ireland
| | - M P Reilly
- Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Effects of ω-3 PUFAs supplementation on myocardial function and oxidative stress markers in typical Rett syndrome. Mediators Inflamm 2014; 2014:983178. [PMID: 24526821 PMCID: PMC3913460 DOI: 10.1155/2014/983178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Rett syndrome (RTT) is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder with a 300-fold increased risk rate for sudden cardiac death. A subclinical myocardial biventricular dysfunction has been recently reported in RTT by our group and found to be associated with an enhanced oxidative stress (OS) status. Here, we tested the effects of the naturally occurring antioxidants ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ω-3 PUFAs) on echocardiographic parameters and systemic OS markers in a population of RTT patients with the typical clinical form. A total of 66 RTT girls were evaluated, half of whom being treated for 12 months with a dietary supplementation of ω-3 PUFAs at high dosage (docosahexaenoic acid ~71.9 ± 13.9 mg/kg b.w./day plus eicosapentaenoic acid ~115.5 ± 22.4 mg/kg b.w./day) versus the remaining half untreated population. Echocardiographic systolic longitudinal parameters of both ventricles, but not biventricular diastolic measures, improved following ω-3 PUFAs supplementation, with a parallel decrease in the OS markers levels. No significant changes in the examined echocardiographic parameters nor in the OS markers were detectable in the untreated RTT population. Our data indicate that ω-3 PUFAs are able to improve the biventricular myocardial systolic function in RTT and that this functional gain is partially mediated through a regulation of the redox balance.
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