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Lima WJDM, Pontes JCXD, Figueiredo LSD, Araújo RDS, Paiva Sousa MCD, Aquino JDS, Castro RDD, Alves AF. Obesity influences the development of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis in Wistar rats. J Appl Oral Sci 2023; 31:e20230133. [PMID: 37792808 PMCID: PMC10547385 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2023-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is characterized by bone exposure for more than eight weeks in patients who have used or been treated with antiresorptive or antiangiogenic drugs, without a history of radiation therapy or metastatic diseases in the jaws. Obesity is associated with changes in periodontal tissues and oral microbiota that are linked to bone alterations. This study aimed to analyze the influence of obesity on the development of bisphosphonate-induced osteonecrosis. The experiment randomly and simply divided 24 male Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) into four groups: healthy, with osteonecrosis, obese, and obese with osteonecrosis (n=6 per group). Osteonecrosis was induced through weekly intraperitoneal injection for eight weeks at a dose of 250 µg/kg of zoledronic acid in a 4 mg/5 mL solution, combined with trauma (exodontia). Obesity was induced through a high glycaemic index diet. Each group was qualitatively and quantitatively evaluated regarding the development of models and pathological anatomy of the lesions. The results were expressed in mean percentage and standard deviation and statistically analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by Tukey's post-hoc test, with a significance level of 5% (p<0.05) to establish differences found between the groups. Animals in the osteonecrosis group and the obese with osteonecrosis group presented larger necrosis areas (averages: 172.83±18,19 µm2 and 290.33±15,77 µm2, respectively) (p<0,0001). Bone sequestration, hepatic steatosis, and increased adipocyte size were observed in the obese group (average: 97.75±1.91 µm2) and in the obese with osteonecrosis group (average: 98.41±1.56 µm2), indicating greater tissue damage in these groups (p<0,0001). All parameters analyzed (through histological, morphometric, and murinometric analyses) increased for the obese and obese with osteonecrosis groups, suggesting a possible influence of obesity on the results. However, further studies are needed to confirm the role of obesity in the possible exacerbation of osteonecrosis and understand the underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilson José de Miranda Lima
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Jannerson Cesar Xavier de Pontes
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Ludmila Silva de Figueiredo
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Rubens da Silva Araújo
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Produtos Naturais e Sintéticos Bioativos, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
| | | | - Jailane de Souza Aquino
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências da Nutrição,João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Ricardo Dias de Castro
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Clínica e Odontologia Social, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
| | - Adriano Francisco Alves
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Odontologia, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
- Universidade Federal da Paraíba, Centro de Ciências da Saúde, Departamento de Fisiologia e Patologia, João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brasil
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Gomes SV, Dias BV, Júnior PAM, Pereira RR, de Souza DMS, Breguez GS, de Lima WG, Magalhães CLDB, Cangussú SD, Talvani A, Queiroz KB, Calsavara AJC, Costa DC. High-fat diet increases mortality and intensifies immunometabolic changes in septic mice. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 116:109315. [PMID: 36921735 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Revised: 01/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023]
Abstract
Immunometabolic changes in the liver and white adipose tissue (WAT) caused by high-fat (HF) diet intake may worse metabolic adaptation and protection against pathogens in sepsis. We investigate the effect of chronic HF diet (15 weeks) on mortality and immunometabolic responses in female mice after sepsis induced by cecum ligation and perforation (CLP). At week 14, animals were divided into four groups: sham C diet (C-Sh), sepsis C diet (C-Sp), sham HF diet (HF-Sh) and sepsis HF diet (HF-Sp). The surviving animals were euthanised on the 7th day. The HF diet decreased survival rate (58.3% vs 76.2% C-Sp group), increased serum cytokine storm (IL-6 (1.41 ×; vs HF-Sh), IL-1β (1.37 ×; vs C-Sp), TNF (1.34 ×; vs C-Sp and 1.72 ×; vs HF-Sh), IL-17 (1.44 ×; vs HF-Sh), IL-10 (1.55 ×; vs C-Sp and 1.41 ×; HF-Sh), WAT inflammation (IL-6 (8.7 ×; vs C-Sp and 2.4 ×; vs HF-Sh), TNF (5 ×; vs C-Sp and 1.7 ×;vs HF-Sh), IL-17 (1.7 ×; vs C-Sp), IL-10 (7.4 ×; vs C-Sp and 1.3 ×; vs HF-Sh), and modulated lipid metabolism in septic mice. In the HF-Sp group liver's, we observed hepatomegaly, hydropic degeneration, necrosis, an increase in oxidative stress (reduction of CAT activity (-81.7%; vs HF-Sh); increase MDA levels (82.8%; vs HF-Sh), and hepatic IL-6 (1.9 ×; vs HF-Sh), and TNF (1.3 × %;vs HF-Sh) production. Furthermore, we found a decrease in the total number of inflammatory, mononuclear cells, and in the regenerative processes, and binucleated hepatocytes in a HF-Sp group liver's. Our results suggested that the organism under metabolic stress of a HF diet during sepsis may worsen the inflammatory landscape and hepatocellular injury and may harm the liver regenerative process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sttefany Viana Gomes
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry (LBM), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Bruna Vidal Dias
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry (LBM), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Pedro Alves Machado Júnior
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEx), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Renata Rebeca Pereira
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry (LBM), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Débora Maria Soares de Souza
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Gustavo Silveira Breguez
- Multiuser Research Laboratory, School of Nutrition, School of Nutrition, Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Wanderson Geraldo de Lima
- Morphopathology Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Cintia Lopes de Brito Magalhães
- Laboratory of Biology and Technology of Microorganisms (LBTM), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Silvia Dantas Cangussú
- Laboratory of Experimental Pathophysiology (LAFEx), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - André Talvani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology of Inflammation, Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Karina Barbosa Queiroz
- Laboratory of Experimental Nutrition (LABNEx), Department of Food, Postgraduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Allan Jefferson Cruz Calsavara
- Laboratory of Cognition and Health (LACOS), School of Medicine, Department of Pediatric and Adult Clinics (DECPA), Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Daniela Caldeira Costa
- Laboratory of Metabolic Biochemistry (LBM), Department of Biological Sciences (DECBI), Graduate Program in Health and Nutrition, Graduate Program in Biological Sciences, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brazil.
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Effects of the Long-Term Consumption of a High-Sucrose Diet on microRNA Expression in Visceral Adipose Tissue of Rats. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14173465. [PMID: 36079722 PMCID: PMC9460050 DOI: 10.3390/nu14173465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Noncoding microRNAs are involved in lipid and carbohydrate metabolism pathways and are powerful regulators of gene expression. The goals of this study were to evaluate the temporal expression profiles of miRNAs in rat adipose tissue and predict mRNA−microRNA interactions. Newly weaned Wistar rats were divided into groups fed a standard diet and high-sucrose diet (HSD). The HSD contains 66.86% carbohydrates (40.45% standard diet, 40.45% condensed milk, and 8.58% crystal sugar), and the HSD was provided for 4, 8 and 15-week periods to investigate the expression levels of miRNAs in visceral adipose tissue using RT−qPCR. Target selection, enriched pathways and networks were analyzed in silico. The factor consumption time significantly was associated to decreases (p < 0.05) in the expression levels of the following miRNAs: 124-5p, 125-5p, 126-5p, 200c-3p, and 212-3p in all experimental groups. The factor diet significantly influenced rno-miR-124-5p, 200c-3p, and 212-3p expression (p < 0.05). A significant reduction (p < 0.05) in rno-miR-27a-3p expression was observed. The biological processes involved key pathways regulating fat deposition. Our findings provide important insights into downregulated miRNA expression patterns in visceral adipose tissue, adiposity level, hyperinsulinemia and increased VLDL-c and triglyceride levels.
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Metabolic imprinting induced by a high-sugar diet: effects on microRNA expression and insulin resistance in young rats. Mol Biol Rep 2022; 49:8173-8178. [PMID: 35713801 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-07473-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic imprinting describes associations between nutritional experiences of early life and the development of diseases later in life. The goal of this study was to evaluate the metabolic imprinting induced by a high-sugar diet (HSD) and its effects on microRNA (miRNA) expression and insulin resistance (IR) in young rats. We assessed the effects of expression of adipogenic (miR-200c) and metabolic (miR-126a) miRNAs in retroperitoneal white adipose tissue (rWAT) on IR development. METHODS AND RESULTS Weaned male Wistar rats (N = 6) were fed a standard chow diet or HSD (68% carbohydrates) for 4-, 8-, or 12-weeks. Serum samples were collected to measure triacylglycerol and VLDL-cholesterol, and we assessed glucometabolic parameters (glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, and QUICKI). rWAT was collected for microRNA analysis (N = 3). The HSD resulted in body fat accretion and IR after 8-weeks, which resolved by 12-weeks. Moreover, the HSD had a time-dependent effect on miRNA relative expression, downregulating rno-miR-200c-3p at week 8 and rno-miR-126a-3p at week 12. CONCLUSIONS MiR-200 family dysregulation has been related to IR, and miR-126a downregulation could be associated with the improvement in IR observed after a 12-week HSD feeding period. This is the first time that excessive sugar intake post-weaning has been associated with miRNA production by rWAT with an impact on IR development.
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de Souza JA, Pinto ABG, de Oliveira EC, Coelho DB, Totou NL, de Lima WG, Becker LK. Aerobic exercise training prevents impairment in renal parameters and in body composition of rats fed a high sucrose diet. BMC Res Notes 2021; 14:378. [PMID: 34565460 PMCID: PMC8474763 DOI: 10.1186/s13104-021-05790-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to evaluate the effect of swimming training (T) on the renal system and body composition parameters in young animals treated with a high sucrose diet (SUD) during 12 weeks. RESULTS The SUD impaired the physical performance, increased the body adiposity index (BAI), Lee index (LI) and retroperitoneal adipose tissue (RAT) weight, plasma creatinine and number renal cells nuclei, decreased urinary volume and urinary creatinine excretion besides creatinine clearance. The T reversed the increased the BAI, LI, RAT weight, plasma and urinary creatinine, creatinine clearance and number renal cells nuclei in addition to promoting decrease in urinary protein excretion. This study found that eight weeks of swimming physical training protected renal function and restored normal glomerular filtration rate (GFR) values. Swimming training also contributed to prevention of the onset of a renal inflammatory process and caused a decrease in the risk of development of obesity promoted by SUD decreasing the body composition parameters (BAI, LI, and RAT weight).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaqueline A de Souza
- Dept. of Pharmacology, ICB, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Emerson C de Oliveira
- Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35,400-000, Brazil
| | - Daniel B Coelho
- Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35,400-000, Brazil
| | - Nádia L Totou
- Dept. of Biological Sciences-ICEB, UFOP, Ouro Preto, MG, Brazil
| | | | - Lenice K Becker
- Physical Education School, Federal University of Ouro Preto (UFOP), Ouro Preto, MG, 35,400-000, Brazil.
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The Healthy Gluten-Free Diet: Practical Tips to Prevent Metabolic Disorders and Nutritional Deficiencies in Celiac Patients. GASTROENTEROLOGY INSIGHTS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/gastroent12020015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The gluten-free diet (GFD) is the cornerstone treatment for coeliac disease (CD). However, a healthy GFD is more complex than the only exclusion of gluten-containing foods. Most celiac patients do not receive nutritional advice and tend to consume industrial gluten-free products (GFPs), which often lack fiber, vitamins, and other micronutrients while being rich in saturated fats and refined sugars. This review focuses on the main potential metabolic disorders and nutritional deficiencies in CD patients at diagnosis and dissects the main nutritional and metabolic issues due to a non-balanced GFD. Nutritional tips to achieve an adequate dietary approach in CD are provided. We also compared the main nutritional components of naturally gluten-free cereals (including pseudocereals) to give an exhaustive overview of the possible healthy alternatives to processed GFPs. Clinicians and dietitians should be systematically involved in the diagnosis of CD to monitor the appropriateness of GFD and the patient’s nutritional status over time.
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Gonzaga NA, Awata WMC, Ficher SP, Assis VO, Alves JV, Tostes RC, Tirapelli CR. Melatonin reverses the loss of the anticontractile effect of perivascular adipose tissue in obese rats. J Pineal Res 2021; 70:e12710. [PMID: 33332655 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) undergoes functional changes in obesity. Increased oxidative stress is a central mechanism whereby obesity induces loss of the anticontractile effect of PVAT. Melatonin is an antioxidant that displays vasoprotective action in cardiovascular disease. Here, we sought to investigate whether melatonin would restore the anticontractile effect of periaortic PVAT in obesity. Male Wistar Hannover rats were treated for 10 weeks with a high-calorie diet. Melatonin (5 mg/kg/d, p.o., gavage) was administered for 2 weeks. Functional findings showed that obesity-induced loss of the anticontractile effect of PVAT and treatment with melatonin reversed this response. Tiron [a scavenger of superoxide anion (O2 - )] restored the anticontractile effect of PVAT in aortas from obese rats, suggesting a role for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in such response. Decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and augmented levels of ROS were detected in periaortic PVAT from obese rats. These responses were accompanied by decreased levels of nitric oxide (NO) in PVAT. Treatment with melatonin restored SOD activity, decreased ROS levels, and increased NO bioavailability in PVAT from obese rats. Here, we first reported the beneficial effects of melatonin in periaortic PVAT in obesity. Melatonin reversed the adverse effects of obesity in PVAT that included overproduction of ROS, reduced SOD activity, and decreased bioavailability of NO. Therefore, PVAT may constitute an important target for the treatment of obesity-induced vascular dysfunction and melatonin emerges as a potential tool in the management of the vascular complications induced by obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Rita C Tostes
- University of São Paulo (USP), Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Post-weaning exposure to high-sucrose diet induces early non-alcoholic fatty liver disease onset and progression in male mice: role of dysfunctional white adipose tissue. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2020; 11:509-520. [PMID: 32594969 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174420000598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the hepatic manifestation of metabolic syndrome, ranging from simple steatosis to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) particularly among chronic consumers of added sugar-rich diets. However, the impact of early consumption of such diets on NAFLD onset and progression is unclear. Thus, this study sought to characterise metabolic factors involved in NAFLD progression in young mice fed with a high-sucrose diet (HSD). Male Swiss mice were fed HSD or regular chow (CTR) from weaning for up to 60 or 90 days. Obesity development, glucose homeostasis and serum biochemical parameters were determined at each time-point. At day 90, mice were euthanised and white adipose tissue (WAT) collected for lipolytic function assessment and liver for histology, gene expression and cytokines quantification. At day 60, HSD mice presented increased body mass, hypertriglyceridemia, peripheral insulin resistance (IR) and simple steatosis. Upon 90 days on diet, WAT from HSD mice displayed impaired insulin sensitivity, which coincided with increased fasting levels of glucose and free fatty acids (FFA), as well as NAFLD progression to NASH. Transcriptional levels of lipogenic genes, particularly stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1, were consistently increased, leading to hepatic leukocyte infiltration and pro-inflammatory cytokines spillover. Therefore, our dataset supports IR triggering in the WAT as a major factor for dysfunctional release of FFA towards portal circulation and consequent upregulation of lipogenic genes and hepatic inflammatory onset, which decisively concurred for NAFLD-to-NASH progression in young HSD-fed mice. Notwithstanding, this study forewarns against the early introduction of dietary sugars in infant diet, particularly following breastfeeding cessation.
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Oliveira DTD, Fernandes IDC, Sousa GGD, Santos TAPD, Paiva NCND, Carneiro CM, Evangelista EA, Barboza NR, Guerra-Sá R. High-sugar diet leads to obesity and metabolic diseases in ad libitum -fed rats irrespective of caloric intake. ARCHIVES OF ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLISM 2020; 64:71-81. [PMID: 32187264 PMCID: PMC10522277 DOI: 10.20945/2359-3997000000199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Objective Provide a comprehensive view of the events surrounding the sugar consumption, under conditions of energy equivalence; through the analysis of behavioral aspects of intake, and of biochemical, metabolic and physiological parameters, as well as the effect of this nutrient on the plasticity of adipose tissue. Materials and methods Newly weaned male Wistar rats were classified in two groups and subjected to the following normocaloric diets: standard chow diet or to high-sugar diet (HSD) ad libitum for 18 weeks. Results The animals submitted to the HSD were associated with a lower caloric intake during the 18 weeks of experimentation. However, the HSD induced a significant increase in body weight, white adipose tissue weight, adiposity index, Lee index, and the levels of triglycerides and very low-density lipoprotein in the serum. In addition, it induced glucose intolerance, insulin resistance and compensatory increase of insulin secretion by pancreatic β-cells. Also increased heart rate and induced hyperplasia, and hypertrophy of retroperitoneal visceral adipose tissue. In the liver, the HSD was associated with increased hepatic lipid content (i.e., triglycerides and cholesterol) and hepatomegaly. Conclusion The post-weaning consumption of HSD induces an adaptive response in metabolism; however, such an event is not enough to reverse the homeostatic imbalance triggered by the chronic consumption of this macronutrient, leading to the development of metabolic syndrome, irrespective of caloric intake. These findings corroborate recent evidence indicating that sugar is a direct contributor to metabolic diseases independent of a positive energy balance. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2020;64(1):71-81.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiane Teixeira de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Graziele Galdino de Sousa
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | | | | | - Cláudia Martins Carneiro
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | | | - Natália Rocha Barboza
- Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
| | - Renata Guerra-Sá
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas, Escola de Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, MG, Brasil
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Fryklund C, Borg M, Svensson T, Schumacher S, Negoita F, Morén B, Stenkula KG. Impaired glucose transport in inguinal adipocytes after short-term high-sucrose feeding in mice. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 78:108338. [PMID: 32004930 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Diets enriched in sucrose severely impair metabolic regulation and are associated with obesity, insulin resistance and glucose intolerance. In the current study, we investigated the effect of 4 weeks high-sucrose diet (HSD) feeding in C57BL6/J mice, with specific focus on adipocyte function. Mice fed HSD had slightly increased adipose tissue mass but displayed similar hepatic triglycerides, glucose and insulin levels, and glucose clearance capacity as chow-fed mice. Interestingly, we found adipose depot-specific differences, where both the non- and insulin-stimulated glucose transports were markedly impaired in primary adipocytes isolated from the inguinal fat depot from HSD-fed mice. This was accompanied by decreased protein levels of both GLUT4 and AS160. A similar but much less pronounced trend was observed in the retroperitoneal depot. In contrast, both GLUT4 expression and insulin-stimulated glucose uptake were preserved in adipocytes isolated from epididymal adipose tissue with HSD. Further, we found a slight shift in cell size distribution towards larger cells with HSD and a significant decrease of ACC and PGC-1α expression in the inguinal adipose tissue depot. Moreover, fructose alone was sufficient to decrease GLUT4 expression in cultured, mature adipocytes. Altogether, we demonstrate that short-term HSD feeding has deleterious impact on insulin response and glucose transport in the inguinal adipose tissue depot, specifically. These changes occur before the onset of systemic glucose dysmetabolism and therefore could provide a mechanistic link to overall impaired energy metabolism reported after prolonged HSD feeding, alone or in combination with HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claes Fryklund
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Madelene Borg
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Tobias Svensson
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Sara Schumacher
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Florentina Negoita
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Björn Morén
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, 221 84 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karin G Stenkula
- Lund University, Department of Experimental Medical Science, 221 84 Lund, Sweden.
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Gibert-Ramos A, Ibars M, Salvadó MJ, Crescenti A. Response to the photoperiod in the white and brown adipose tissues of Fischer 344 rats fed a standard or cafeteria diet. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 70:82-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Revised: 03/24/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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12
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Sousa RML, Ribeiro NLX, Pinto BAS, Sanches JR, da Silva MU, Coêlho CFF, França LM, de Figueiredo Neto JA, Paes AMDA. Long-term high-protein diet intake reverts weight gain and attenuates metabolic dysfunction on high-sucrose-fed adult rats. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2018; 15:53. [PMID: 30061916 PMCID: PMC6057058 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-018-0290-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Consumption of added sugars has been considered a worldwide public health concern by its association with metabolic syndrome and its comorbidities. Meanwhile, current studies have suggested high-protein diets to promote weight loss and improved metabolic outcomes. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of long-term high-protein diet (HPD, 34.3% protein) intake on high-sucrose-fed rats. Methods Weaned male Wistar rats were randomized into two groups: rats fed a standard chow (CT/CT, 10% sucrose) or rats fed a high-sucrose diet (HSD, 25% sucrose) for a 20-week observational period. Subsequently, HS/HS animals were randomized into 3 new groups: rats maintained on HSD diet (HS/HS); rats submitted to HSD replacement by standard chow (HS/CT); and those with HSD replaced by HPD (HS/HP). All groups were followed up for 12 weeks during which we investigated the effects of HPD on body weight, energy intake, obesity development, glicemic/lipid profile, glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, tissue weight (adipose tissue, liver and skeletal muscles), lipolytic activity, liver lipoperoxidation and histology, as well as serum markers of hepatic function. Results Post-weaning exposure to HSD led to metabolic syndrome phenotype at adulthood, herein characterized by central obesity, glucose intolerance, dyslipidaemia and insulin resistance. Only HPD feeding was able to revert weight gain and adipose tissue accumulation, as well as restore adipose tissue lipolytic response to sympathetic stimulus. On the other hand, either HPD or withdrawal from HSD promoted very similar metabolic outcomes upon 12-week nutritional intervention. HS/HP and HS/CT rats showed reduced fasting serum levels of glucose, triacylglycerol and total cholesterol, which were correlated with the improvement of peripheral insulin sensitivity, as inferred from kITT and TyG Index values. Both nutritional interventions restored liver morphofunctional patterns, but only HPD restored lipid peroxidation. Conclusions Our data showed that 12-week intake of an isocaloric moderately high-protein diet consistently restored high-sucrose-induced central adiposity and obesity in addition to the attenuation of other important metabolic outcomes, such as improvement of glucolipid homeostasis associated to increased insulin sensitivity and reversal of hepatic steatosis. On the other hand, simple withdrawal from high-sucrose consumption also promoted the abovementioned metabolic outcomes with no impact on body weight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosângela Maria Lopes Sousa
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Nathalee Liberal Xavier Ribeiro
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Bruno Araújo Serra Pinto
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Jonas Rodrigues Sanches
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Mariana Uchôa da Silva
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil
| | - Caio Fernando Ferreira Coêlho
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Lucas Martins França
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - José Albuquerque de Figueiredo Neto
- 2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil.,3Department of Medicine I, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
| | - Antonio Marcus de Andrade Paes
- 1Laboratory of Experimental Physiology, Department of Physiological Sciences - DCF, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão - UFMA, Avenida dos Portugueses, 1966. Cidade Universitária D. Delgado, São Luís, MA 65080-805 Brazil.,2Health Sciences Graduate Program, Health and Biological Sciences Centre, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís, MA Brazil
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Physical training improves thermogenesis and insulin pathway, and induces remodeling in white and brown adipose tissues. J Physiol Biochem 2018; 74:441-454. [PMID: 29797227 DOI: 10.1007/s13105-018-0637-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Physical training (PT) has been considered as a treatment in metabolic syndrome (MS), since it induces thermogenic activity in brown (BAT) and white (WAT) adipose tissues. We evaluated the therapeutic effect of PT on activity of WAT and BAT in rats with MS induced by high-fat diet (30% lard) for 13 weeks and submitted, for the last 6 weeks, to swimming or kept sedentary (SED) rats. MS-SED rats compared to control diet (CT-SED) rats showed low physical fitness and high levels of glucose, insulin, homeostasis evaluation of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), homeostasis evaluation of the functional capacity of β-cells (HOMA-β), and blood pressure. The gastrocnemius muscle decreased in peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha and beta (PGC-1α, PGC-1β), and uncoupled protein 2 and 3 (UCP2 and UCP3) expressions. Both WAT and BAT increased in the adipocyte area and decreased in blood vessels and fibroblast numbers. WAT increased in expression of pro-inflammatory adipokines and decreased in anti-inflammatory adipokine and adiponectin. WAT and gastrocnemius showed impairment in the insulin signaling pathway. In response to PT, MS rats showed increased physical fitness and restoration of certain biometric and biochemical parameters and blood pressure. PT also induced thermogenic modulations in skeletal muscle, WAT and BAT, and also improved the insulin signaling pathway. Collectively, PT was effective in treating MS by inducing improvement in physical fitness and interchangeable effects between skeletal muscle, WAT and BAT, suggesting a development of brown-like adipocyte cells.
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Barbosa de Queiroz K, Honorato-Sampaio K, Rossoni Júnior JV, Andrade Leal D, Pinto ABG, Kappes-Becker L, Evangelista EA, Guerra-Sá R. Physical activity prevents alterations in mitochondrial ultrastructure and glucometabolic parameters in a high-sugar diet model. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172103. [PMID: 28199417 PMCID: PMC5310863 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 01/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endurance exercise is a remarkable intervention for the treatment of many diseases. Mitochondrial changes on skeletal muscle are likely important for many of the benefits provided by exercise. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the effects that a regular physical activity (swimming without workload) has on mitochondrial morphological alterations and glucometabolic parameters induced by a high-sugar diet (HSD). Weaned male Wistar rats fed with a standard diet or a HSD (68% carbohydrate) were subjected to 60 minutes of regular physical activity by swimming (without workload) for four- (20 sessions) or eight-week (40 sessions) periods. After training, animals were euthanized and the sera, adipose tissues, and skeletal muscles were collected for further analysis. The HSD increased body weight after an 8-week period; it also increased the fat pads and the adipose index, resulting in glucose intolerance and insulin resistance (IR). Transmission electron microscopy showed an increase in alterations of mitochondrial ultrastructure in the gastrocnemius muscle, as well as a decrease in superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and an increase in protein carbonylation. Regular physical activity partially reverted these alterations in rats fed a HSD, preventing mitochondrial morphological alterations and IR. Moreover, we observed a decrease in Pgc1α expression (qPCR analysis) in STD-EXE group and a less pronounced reduction in HSD-EXE group after an 8-week period. Thus, regular physical activity (swimming without workload) in rats fed a HSD can prevent mitochondrial dysfunction and IR, highlighting the crucial role for physical activity on metabolic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karina Barbosa de Queiroz
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
- * E-mail:
| | - Kinulpe Honorato-Sampaio
- Faculdade de Medicina, Campus JK, Universidade Federal dos Vales Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Joamyr Victor Rossoni Júnior
- Laboratório de Bioquímica Metabólica, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Diego Andrade Leal
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | | | - Lenice Kappes-Becker
- Centro de Esportes, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Elisio Alberto Evangelista
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
| | - Renata Guerra-Sá
- Laboratório de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Núcleo de Pesquisas em Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto, Minas Gerais, Brasil
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Bozec A, Hannemann N. Mechanism of Regulation of Adipocyte Numbers in Adult Organisms Through Differentiation and Apoptosis Homeostasis. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27284940 PMCID: PMC4927764 DOI: 10.3791/53822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Considering that adipose tissue (AT) is an endocrine organ, it can influence whole body metabolism. Excessive energy storage leads to the dysregulation of adipocytes, which in turn induces abnormal secretion of adipokines, triggering metabolic syndromes such as obesity, dyslipidemia, hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Therefore, investigating the molecular mechanisms behind adipocyte dysregulation could help to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Our protocol describes methods for evaluating the molecular mechanism affected by hypoxic conditions of the AT, which correlates with adipocyte apoptosis in adult mice. This protocol describes how to analyze AT in vivo through gene expression profiling as well as histological analysis of adipocyte differentiation, proliferation and apoptosis during hypoxia exposure, ascertained through staining of hypoxic cells or HIF-1α protein. Furthermore, in vitro analysis of adipocyte differentiation and its responses to various stimuli completes the characterization of the molecular pathways behind possible adipocyte dysfunction leading to metabolic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Bozec
- Department of Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen; Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen;
| | - Nicole Hannemann
- Department of Medicine 3, Rheumatology and Immunology, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen; Nikolaus Fiebiger Center of Molecular Medicine, Universitätsklinikum Erlangen
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