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Ghamarzad Shishavan N, Masoudi S, Mohamadkhani A, Sepanlou SG, Poustchi H, Hekmatdoost A, Pourshams A. The association of dietary intake and plasma fatty acid panel in pancreatic cancer patients: Results from Golestan cohort study. Nutr Health 2024; 30:319-330. [PMID: 35862279 DOI: 10.1177/02601060221114712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS High mortality rate of pancreatic cancer (PC) as one of the most common cancers worldwide made it a center of attention for recent researches on its pathology, etiology, screening and early diagnosis. In previous researches, association of dietary intake and plasma levels of fatty acids with risk of pancreatic cancer was investigated. In this study we aimed to evaluate the correlation between dietary and plasma fatty acids in case and control groups. METHODS From 50,045 adults between 40-75 years old participated in Golestan cohort study, fifty incident cases of PC were diagnosed and 150 controls matched by age, sex and residence place were randomly selected. Dietary intakes and plasma levels of fatty acids was evaluated by validated food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ) and Gas Chromatography - Flame Ionization Detector (GC-FID), respectively. Then, Spearman's correlation was used to measure the correlation between dietary and plasma levels of fatty acids in case and control groups. RESULTS Among all the fatty acids, there was a significant association between plasma and dietary intake of a few fatty acids including trans fatty acids (TFA), polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), 22:6n-3 and 14:0 only in control group. Only total PUFA intake modified plasma level of some fatty acids in case group. There was no difference between association of desaturase enzymes and fatty acids in case and controls. CONCLUSIONS Since, plasma levels of fatty acids might be influenced by recent diet, we did not find any specific differences between the associations of plasma levels of fatty acids with dietary intake of fats in case and control groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Ghamarzad Shishavan
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sahar Masoudi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Mohamadkhani
- Liver and Pancreatobiliary Diseases Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sadaf G Sepanlou
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Poustchi
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Azita Hekmatdoost
- Departments of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Akram Pourshams
- Digestive Oncology Research Center, Digestive Disease Research Institute, Shariati Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Wuni R, Ventura EF, Curi-Quinto K, Murray C, Nunes R, Lovegrove JA, Penny M, Favara M, Sanchez A, Vimaleswaran KS. Interactions between genetic and lifestyle factors on cardiometabolic disease-related outcomes in Latin American and Caribbean populations: A systematic review. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1067033. [PMID: 36776603 PMCID: PMC9909204 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1067033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The prevalence of cardiometabolic diseases has increased in Latin American and the Caribbean populations (LACP). To identify gene-lifestyle interactions that modify the risk of cardiometabolic diseases in LACP, a systematic search using 11 search engines was conducted up to May 2022. Methods Eligible studies were observational and interventional studies in either English, Spanish, or Portuguese. A total of 26,171 publications were screened for title and abstract; of these, 101 potential studies were evaluated for eligibility, and 74 articles were included in this study following full-text screening and risk of bias assessment. The Appraisal tool for Cross-Sectional Studies (AXIS) and the Risk Of Bias In Non-Randomized Studies-of Interventions (ROBINS-I) assessment tool were used to assess the methodological quality and risk of bias of the included studies. Results We identified 122 significant interactions between genetic and lifestyle factors on cardiometabolic traits and the vast majority of studies come from Brazil (29), Mexico (15) and Costa Rica (12) with FTO, APOE, and TCF7L2 being the most studied genes. The results of the gene-lifestyle interactions suggest effects which are population-, gender-, and ethnic-specific. Most of the gene-lifestyle interactions were conducted once, necessitating replication to reinforce these results. Discussion The findings of this review indicate that 27 out of 33 LACP have not conducted gene-lifestyle interaction studies and only five studies have been undertaken in low-socioeconomic settings. Most of the studies were cross-sectional, indicating a need for longitudinal/prospective studies. Future gene-lifestyle interaction studies will need to replicate primary research of already studied genetic variants to enable comparison, and to explore the interactions between genetic and other lifestyle factors such as those conditioned by socioeconomic factors and the built environment. The protocol has been registered on PROSPERO, number CRD42022308488. Systematic review registration https://clinicaltrials.gov, identifier CRD420223 08488.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramatu Wuni
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Eduard F Ventura
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Claudia Murray
- Department of Real Estate and Planning, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Nunes
- Department of Real Estate and Planning, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Julie A Lovegrove
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Mary Penny
- Instituto de Investigación Nutricional, Lima, Peru
| | - Marta Favara
- Oxford Department of International Development, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Sanchez
- Grupo de Análisis para el Desarrollo (GRADE), Lima, Peru
| | - Karani Santhanakrishnan Vimaleswaran
- Hugh Sinclair Unit of Human Nutrition, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences and Institute for Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research (ICMR), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom.,Institute for Food, Nutrition and Health (IFNH), University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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3
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Zhang Z, Jiang Y, Li X, Shi D, Ma T, Zhou R, Zhang C. Association of dietary n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids with breast cancer risk: Serial mediating roles of erythrocyte n - 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids. Front Nutr 2022; 9:990755. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.990755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
BackgroundDietary n– 3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) were found to be inversely associated with breast cancer risk; however, the underlying pathways between them remain uncertain. We aimed to explore serial mediatory roles of erythrocyte n– 3 PUFAs in association between dietary n– 3 PUFAs and breast cancer risk.Materials and methodsUsing a case-control study, 850 cases and 861 controls completed structured questionnaires with dietary information. Erythrocyte n– 3 PUFAs were measured by gas chromatography. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were obtained using multiple unconditional logistic regression models to examine association between dietary n– 3 PUFAs and breast cancer risk. Mediation analyses with bootstrapping were conducted to investigate indirect effects.ResultsHigher intake of dietary ALA, long-chain n– 3 PUFAs and total n– 3 PUFAs was associated with lower risk of breast cancer. The adjusted ORtertile 3 v.1 (95% CI) was 0.70 (0.55, 0.90) for ALA, 0.76 (0.60, 0.97) for long-chain n– 3 PUFAs and 0.74 (0.58, 0.94) for total n– 3 PUFAs, respectively. Mediation analysis showed that erythrocyte long-chain n– 3 PUFAs served as sequential mediators in the relationship between dietary long-chain or total n– 3 PUFAs and breast cancer risk. In particular, erythrocyte long-chain n– 3 PUFAs completely mediated the association between dietary long-chain n– 3 PUFAs and breast cancer risk [indirect effect (95% CI) = –0.982 (–1.529, –0.508)]. The relationship between dietary total n– 3 PUFAs and breast cancer risk was partly mediated by erythrocyte long-chain n– 3 PUFAs [indirect effect (95% CI) = –0.107 (–0.216, –0.014)], accounting for 19.31%. However, the serial mediation model in dietary ALA and risk of breast cancer was not statistically significant [indirect effect (95% CI) = –0.042 (–0.144, 0.049)].ConclusionThis study highlights the complexity and inaccuracy in using a simple analysis of individual dietary n– 3 PUFAs to examine their associations with breast cancer risk without considering the variety of metabolic processes. Interventions aimed at increasing erythrocyte long-chain n– 3 PUFAs may represent a promising strategy for breast cancer prevention.
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Bäck M, Xhaard C, Rouget R, Thuillier Q, Plunde O, Larsson SC, Girerd N, Ferreira JP, Boivin JM, Bozec E, Mercklé L, Zannad F, Hoge A, Guillaume M, Dandine-Roulland C, Floch EL, Bacq-Daian D, Deleuze JF, Van den Berghe L, Nazare JA, Laville M, Branlant C, Behm-Ansmant I, Wagner S, Rossignol P. Fatty acid desaturase genetic variations and dietary omega-3 fatty acid intake associate with arterial stiffness. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL OPEN 2022; 2:oeac016. [PMID: 35919123 PMCID: PMC9242081 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oeac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Aims
Long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) generate diverse bioactive lipid mediators, which tightly regulate vascular inflammation. The effects of omega-3 PUFA supplementation in cardiovascular prevention however remain controversial. In addition to direct dietary intake, fatty acid desaturases (FADS) determine PUFA levels. Increased arterial stiffness represents an independent predictor of mortality and cardiovascular events. The aim of the present study was to determine the association of PUFA intake, FADS1 genotype, and FADS expression with arterial stiffness.
Methods and results
A cross-sectional population-based cohort study of 1464 participants without overt cardiovascular disease was conducted. Dietary intake was assessed using a food frequency questionnaire. Arterial stiffness was assessed by carotid–femoral pulse wave velocity (cfPWV), and the FADS1 locus variant was determined. Blood cell transcriptomics was performed in a subset of 410 individuals. Pulse wave velocity was significantly associated with the FADS1 locus variant. Differential associations between PWV and omega-3 PUFA intake were observed depending on the FADS1 genotype. High omega-3 PUFA intake attenuated the FADS1 genotype-dependent associations. Carriers of the minor FADS1 locus variant exhibited increased expression of FADS2, which is associated with PWV.
Conclusion
Taken together, these findings point to FADS1 genotype-dependent associations of omega-3 PUFA intake on subclinical cardiovascular disease. These findings may have implications for identifying responders and non-responders to omega-3 PUFA supplementation and open up for personalized dietary counselling in cardiovascular prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magnus Bäck
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
- Karolinska Institutet Department of Medicine Solna, , 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
- Karolinska University Hospital Huddinge Department of Cardiology, , 14186 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Constance Xhaard
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Raphael Rouget
- Université de Lorraine , CNRS, UMR 7365, IMoPA, F54000 Nancy, France
| | - Quentin Thuillier
- Université de Lorraine , CNRS, UMR 7365, IMoPA, F54000 Nancy, France
| | - Oscar Plunde
- Karolinska Institutet Department of Medicine Solna, , 17176 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanna C. Larsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet Unit of Cardiovascular and Nutritional Epidemiology, , 17177 Stockholm, Sweden
- Uppsala University Department of Surgical Sciences, , Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Nicolas Girerd
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - João Pedro Ferreira
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Jean-Marc Boivin
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Erwan Bozec
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Ludovic Mercklé
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Faiez Zannad
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Axelle Hoge
- Université de Liège Département des Sciences de la Santé publique, , Liège, Belgium
| | - Michèle Guillaume
- Université de Liège Département des Sciences de la Santé publique, , Liège, Belgium
| | | | - Edith Le Floch
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Evry, France
| | - Delphine Bacq-Daian
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Evry, France
| | - Jean-François Deleuze
- Centre National de Recherche en Génomique Humaine (CNRGH), Institut de Biologie François Jacob, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay , Evry, France
| | - Laurie Van den Berghe
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite , Lyon, France
| | - Julie-Anne Nazare
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite , Lyon, France
| | - Martine Laville
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, F-CRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Bénite , Lyon, France
| | | | | | - Sandra Wagner
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
| | - Patrick Rossignol
- University of Lorraine , INSERM U1116, CIC 1433, FCRIN INI-CRCT, Nancy University Hospital, Nancy, France
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Belury MA, Cole RM, Andridge R, Keiter A, Raman SV, Lustberg MB, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Erythrocyte Long-Chain ω-3 Fatty Acids Are Positively Associated with Lean Mass and Grip Strength in Women with Recent Diagnoses of Breast Cancer. J Nutr 2021; 151:2125-2133. [PMID: 34036350 PMCID: PMC8349126 DOI: 10.1093/jn/nxab109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia may hasten the risk of mortality in women with breast cancer. Long-chain omega-3 (n-3) polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn-3PUFAs) may favor muscle mass which, in turn, could enhance resilience of cancer patients toward cancer treatment. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to measure the relation of erythrocyte LCn-3PUFA concentrations with lean mass, grip strength, and postprandial energy metabolism in women with newly diagnosed breast cancer. METHODS This cross-sectional analysis evaluated women (n = 150) ages 65 y and younger who were recently diagnosed with breast cancer (stages I-III). Erythrocyte LCn-3PUFA composition was measured using GC. Body composition was measured by DXA. Grip strength was assessed at the same visit. Postprandial energy metabolism was measured for 7.5 h after the consumption of a high-calorie, high-saturated-fat test meal using indirect calorimetry. Associations of fatty acids with outcomes were analyzed using multiple linear regression models and linear mixed-effects models. RESULTS The ω-3 index, a measurement of LCn-3PUFA status, was positively associated with appendicular lean mass (ALM)/BMI (β = 0.015, P = 0.01) and grip strength (β = 0.757, P = 0.04) after adjusting data for age and cancer stage. However, when cardiorespiratory fitness was also included in the analyses, these relations were no longer significant (P > 0.08). After a test meal, a higher ω-3 index was associated with a less steep rise in fat oxidation (P = 0.02) and a steeper decline in glucose (P = 0.01) when adjusting for age, BMI, cancer stage, and cardiorespiratory fitness. CONCLUSIONS The ω-3 index was positively associated with ALM/BMI and grip strength in women newly diagnosed with breast cancer and was associated with altered postprandial substrate metabolism. These findings warrant further studies to determine whether enriching the diet with LCn-3PUFAs during and after cancer treatments is causally linked with better muscle health and metabolic outcomes in breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rachel M Cole
- Program of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA,The Ohio State University Nutrition Doctoral Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca Andridge
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Ashleigh Keiter
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Subha V Raman
- Krannert Institute of Cardiology, Indiana University College of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Maryam B Lustberg
- Division of Oncology, College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Hardy DS, Racette SB, Garvin JT, Gebrekristos HT, Mersha TB. Ancestry specific associations of a genetic risk score, dietary patterns and metabolic syndrome: a longitudinal ARIC study. BMC Med Genomics 2021; 14:118. [PMID: 33933074 PMCID: PMC8088631 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-021-00961-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Associations have been observed among genetic variants, dietary patterns, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). A gap in knowledge is whether a genetic risk score (GRS) and dietary patterns interact to increase MetS risk among African Americans. We investigated whether MetS risk was influenced by interaction between a GRS and dietary patterns among Whites and African Americans. A secondary aim examined if molecular genetic clusterings differed by racial ancestry. Methods We used longitudinal data over 4-visits (1987–1998) that included 10,681 participants aged 45–64y at baseline from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study (8451 Whites and 2230 African Americans). We constructed a simple-count GRS as the linear weighted sum of high-risk alleles (0, 1, 2) from cardiovascular disease polymorphisms from the genome-wide association studies catalog associated with MetS risk. Three dietary patterns were determined by factor analysis of food frequency questionnaire data: Western, healthy, and high-fat dairy. MetS was defined according to the 2016 National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria but used 2017 American Heart Association/American College of Cardiology criteria for elevated blood pressure. Analyses included generalized linear model risk ratios (RR), 95% confidence intervals (CI), and Bonferroni correction for multiple testing. Results The Western dietary pattern was associated with higher risk for MetS across increasing GRS tertiles among Whites (p < 0.017). The high-fat dairy pattern was protective against MetS, but its impact was most effective in the lowest GRS tertile in Whites (RR = 0.62; CI: 0.52–0.74) and African Americans (RR = 0.67; CI: 0.49–0.91). Among each racial group within GRS tertiles, the Western dietary pattern was associated with development and cycling of MetS status between visits, and the high-fat dairy pattern with being free from MetS (p < 0.017). The healthy dietary pattern was associated with higher risk of MetS among African Americans which may be explained by higher sucrose intake (p < 0.0001). Fewer genes, but more metabolic pathways for obesity, body fat distribution, and lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were identified in African Americans than Whites. Some polymorphisms were linked to the Western and high-fat dairy patterns. Conclusion The influence of dietary patterns on MetS risk appears to differ by genetic predisposition and racial ancestry. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12920-021-00961-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale S Hardy
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA.
| | - Susan B Racette
- Program in Physical Therapy and Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63108, USA
| | - Jane T Garvin
- College of Nursing, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, 30912, USA
| | - Hirut T Gebrekristos
- Department of Internal Medicine, Morehouse School of Medicine, 720 Westview Drive, Atlanta, GA, 30310, USA
| | - Tesfaye B Mersha
- Division of Asthma Research, Department of Pediatrics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, University of Cincinnati, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
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7
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Qian F, Ardisson Korat AV, Imamura F, Marklund M, Tintle N, Virtanen JK, Zhou X, Bassett JK, Lai H, Hirakawa Y, Chien KL, Wood AC, Lankinen M, Murphy RA, Samieri C, Pertiwi K, de Mello VD, Guan W, Forouhi NG, Wareham N, Hu ICFB, Riserus U, Lind L, Harris WS, Shadyab AH, Robinson JG, Steffen LM, Hodge A, Giles GG, Ninomiya T, Uusitupa M, Tuomilehto J, Lindström J, Laakso M, Siscovick DS, Helmer C, Geleijnse JM, Wu JHY, Fretts A, Lemaitre RN, Micha R, Mozaffarian D, Sun Q. n-3 Fatty Acid Biomarkers and Incident Type 2 Diabetes: An Individual Participant-Level Pooling Project of 20 Prospective Cohort Studies. Diabetes Care 2021; 44:1133-1142. [PMID: 33658295 PMCID: PMC8132316 DOI: 10.2337/dc20-2426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Prospective associations between n-3 fatty acid biomarkers and type 2 diabetes (T2D) risk are not consistent in individual studies. We aimed to summarize the prospective associations of biomarkers of α-linolenic acid (ALA), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosapentaenoic acid (DPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) with T2D risk through an individual participant-level pooled analysis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS For our analysis we incorporated data from a global consortium of 20 prospective studies from 14 countries. We included 65,147 participants who had blood measurements of ALA, EPA, DPA, or DHA and were free of diabetes at baseline. De novo harmonized analyses were performed in each cohort following a prespecified protocol, and cohort-specific associations were pooled using inverse variance-weighted meta-analysis. RESULTS A total of 16,693 incident T2D cases were identified during follow-up (median follow-up ranging from 2.5 to 21.2 years). In pooled multivariable analysis, per interquintile range (difference between the 90th and 10th percentiles for each fatty acid), EPA, DPA, DHA, and their sum were associated with lower T2D incidence, with hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% CIs of 0.92 (0.87, 0.96), 0.79 (0.73, 0.85), 0.82 (0.76, 0.89), and 0.81 (0.75, 0.88), respectively (all P < 0.001). ALA was not associated with T2D (HR 0.97 [95% CI 0.92, 1.02]) per interquintile range. Associations were robust across prespecified subgroups as well as in sensitivity analyses. CONCLUSIONS Higher circulating biomarkers of seafood-derived n-3 fatty acids, including EPA, DPA, DHA, and their sum, were associated with lower risk of T2D in a global consortium of prospective studies. The biomarker of plant-derived ALA was not significantly associated with T2D risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Qian
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Andres V Ardisson Korat
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Fumiaki Imamura
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Matti Marklund
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA.,The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Nathan Tintle
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Dordt University, Sioux Center, IA.,Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Jyrki K Virtanen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Xia Zhou
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | | | - Heidi Lai
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA.,Imperial College London, London, U.K
| | - Yoichiro Hirakawa
- Department of Medicine and Clinical Science, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kuo-Liong Chien
- Institute of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, College of Public Health, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Internal Medicine, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Alexis C Wood
- Children's Nutrition Research Center, U.S. Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service, Houston, TX
| | - Maria Lankinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rachel A Murphy
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Cecilia Samieri
- INSERM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Kamalita Pertiwi
- Division of Human Nutrition, Wageningen University, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Vanessa D de Mello
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Weihua Guan
- Division of Biostatistics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Nita G Forouhi
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, U.K
| | - Nick Wareham
- MRC Epidemiology Unit, University of Cambridge School of Clinical Medicine, Cambridge, U.K
| | - InterAct Consortium Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Ulf Riserus
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Lars Lind
- Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden.,Department of Medical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - William S Harris
- Fatty Acid Research Institute, Sioux Falls, SD.,Department of Internal Medicine, Sanford School of Medicine, University of South Dakota, Sioux Falls, SD
| | - Aladdin H Shadyab
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA
| | | | - Lyn M Steffen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Allison Hodge
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graham G Giles
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.,Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Precision Medicine, School of Clinical Sciences at Monash Health, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Toshiharu Ninomiya
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.,Center for Cohort Studies, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Jaakko Tuomilehto
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.,Diabetes Research Group, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Jaana Lindström
- Public Health Promotion Unit, Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Catherine Helmer
- University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Johanna M Geleijnse
- INSERM, UMR 1219, Bordeaux Population Health Research Center, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France
| | - Jason H Y Wu
- The George Institute for Global Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Amanda Fretts
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Renata Micha
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA.,Division of Cardiology, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
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8
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Rifkin SB, Shrubsole MJ, Cai Q, Smalley WE, Ness RM, Swift LL, Milne G, Zheng W, Murff HJ. Differences in erythrocyte phospholipid membrane long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids and the prevalence of fatty acid desaturase genotype among African Americans and European Americans. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2021; 164:102216. [PMID: 33310680 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2020.102216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2020] [Revised: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies have reported an association between genetic variants in fatty acid desaturases (FADS1 and FADS2) and plasma or erythrocyte long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) levels. Increased levels of n-6 PUFAs have been associated with inflammation and several chronic diseases, including diabetes and cancer. We hypothesized that genetic variants of FADS that more efficiently convert precursor n-6 PUFA to arachidonic acid (AA) may explain the higher burden of chronic diseases observed in African Americans. To test this hypothesis, we measured the level of n-6 and n-3 PUFAs in erythrocyte membrane phospholipids and genotyped the rs174537 FADS variants associated with higher AA conversion among African American and European American populations. We included data from 1,733 individuals who participated in the Tennessee Colorectal Polyp Study, a large colonoscopy-based case-control study. Erythrocyte membrane PUFA percentages were measured using gas chromatography. Generalized linear models were used to estimate association of race and genotype on erythrocyte phospholipid membrane PUFA levels while controlling for self-reported dietary intake. We found that African Americans have higher levels of AA and a higher prevalence of GG allele compared to whites, 81% vs 43%, respectively. Homozygous GG genotype was negatively associated with precursor PUFAs (linoleic [LA], di-homo-γ-linolenic [DGLA]), positively associated with both product PUFA (AA, docosahexaenoic acid [DHA]), product to precursor ratio (AA to DGLA), an indirect measure of FADs efficiency and increased urinary isoprostane F2 (F2-IsoP) and isoprostane F3 (F3-IsoP), markers of oxidative stress. Increased consumption of n-6 PUFA and LA resulting in increased AA and subsequent inflammation may be fueling increased prevalence of chronic diseases especially in African descent.
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Affiliation(s)
- S B Rifkin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Michigan School of Medicine, 1150 W. Medical Center Drive, 6520 MSRB1, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States.
| | - M J Shrubsole
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States; Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Q Cai
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States
| | - W E Smalley
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States
| | - R M Ness
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of Gastroenterology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States
| | - L L Swift
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University, United States
| | - G Milne
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States
| | - W Zheng
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of Epidemiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, United States; Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - H J Murff
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States; Geriatrics Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Department of Veterans Affairs, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, United States; Division of General Internal Medicine and Public Health, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, United States
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9
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Schulze MB, Minihane AM, Saleh RNM, Risérus U. Intake and metabolism of omega-3 and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids: nutritional implications for cardiometabolic diseases. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2020; 8:915-930. [PMID: 32949497 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-8587(20)30148-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Prospective observational studies support the use of long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) in the primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease; however, randomised controlled trials, have often reported neutral findings. There is a long history of debate about the potential harmful effects of a high intake of omega-6 PUFAs, although this idea is not supported by prospective observational studies or randomised controlled trials. Health effects of PUFAs might be influenced by Δ-5 and Δ-6 desaturases, the key enzymes in the metabolism of PUFAs. The activity of these enzymes and modulation by variants in encoding genes (FADS1-2-3 gene cluster) are linked to several cardiometabolic traits. This Review will further consider non-genetic determinants of desaturase activity, which have the potential to modify the availability of PUFAs to tissues. Finally, we discuss the consequences of altered desaturase activity in the context of PUFA intake, that is, gene-diet interactions and their clinical and public health implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias B Schulze
- Department of Molecular Epidemiology, German Institute of Human Nutrition Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal, Germany; Institute of Nutritional Science, University of Potsdam, Nuthetal, Germany; German Center for Diabetes Research, Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Anne Marie Minihane
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK
| | - Rasha Noureldin M Saleh
- Department of Nutrition and Preventive Medicine, Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK; Clinical Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Ulf Risérus
- Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, Clinical Nutrition and Metabolism, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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10
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Genetic study of the Arctic CPT1A variant suggests that its effect on fatty acid levels is modulated by traditional Inuit diet. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:1592-1601. [PMID: 32561900 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0674-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Several recent studies have found signs of recent selection on the carnitine palmitoyl-transferase 1A (CPT1A) gene in the ancestors of Arctic populations likely as a result of their traditional diet. CPT1A is involved in fatty acid transportation and is known to affect circulating fatty acid profiles in Inuit as does the unique traditional diet rich in marine animals. We aimed to assess which fatty acids may have driven the selection of rs80356779, a c.1436C>T (p.(Pro479Leu)) variant in CPT1A, by analyzing a potential interaction between the variant and traditional Inuit diet. We included 3005 genome-wide genotyped individuals living in Greenland, who had blood cell membrane fatty acid levels measured. Consumption of 25 traditional food items was expressed as percentage of total energy intake. We tested for CPT1A × traditional diet interaction while taking relatedness and admixture into account. Increasing intakes of traditional diet was estimated to attenuate the effect of 479L on 20:3 omega-6 levels (p = 0.000399), but increase the effect of the variant on 22:5 omega-3 levels (p = 0.000963). The 479L effect on 22:5 omega-3 more than doubled in individuals with a high intake of traditional diet (90% percentile) compared with individuals with a low intake (10% percentile). Similar results were found when assessing interactions with marine foods. Our results suggest that the association between traditional diet and blood cell fatty acid composition is affected by the CPT1A genotype, or other variants in linkage disequilibrium, and support the hypothesis that omega-3 fatty acids may have been important for adaptation to the Arctic diet.
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11
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Langer-Gould A, Black LJ, Waubant E, Smith JB, Wu J, Gonzales EG, Shao X, Koebnick C, Lucas RM, Xiang A, Barcellos LF. Seafood, fatty acid biosynthesis genes, and multiple sclerosis susceptibility. Mult Scler 2019; 26:1476-1485. [PMID: 33063621 DOI: 10.1177/1352458519872652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of omega-3 fatty acid in multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility is unclear. OBJECTIVE To determine whether fish/seafood intake or genetic factors that regulate omega-3 fatty acids levels are associated with MS risk. METHODS We examined the association of fish and shrimp consumption and 13 tag single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in FADS1, FADS2, and ELOV2 with risk of MS in 1153 individuals from the MS Sunshine Study, a case-control study of incident MS or clinically isolated syndrome (CIS), recruited from Kaiser Permanente Southern California. RESULTS Consuming fish/seafood at least once a week or at least once a month with regular fish oil use was associated with 44% reduced odds of MS/CIS (adjusted OR = 0.56; 95% CI = 0.41-0.76; p = 0.0002) compared with consuming fish/seafood less than once a month and no fish oil supplementation. Two FADS2 SNPs (rs174611 and rs174618) were independently associated with a lower risk of MS (adjusted ORs = 0.74, 0.79, p = 0.0056, 0.0090, respectively). Association of FADS2 SNPs with MS risk was confirmed in an independent dataset. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that omega-3 fatty acid intake may be an important modifiable risk factor for MS. This is consistent with the other known health benefits of fish consumption and complementary genetic studies supporting a key role for omega-3 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Langer-Gould
- Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Neurology Department, Los Angeles Medical Center, Kaiser Permanente Southern California, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Lucinda J Black
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Emmanuelle Waubant
- Multiple Sclerosis Center, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jessica B Smith
- Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Jun Wu
- Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Edlin G Gonzales
- Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Xiaorong Shao
- QB3 Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Lab, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Corinna Koebnick
- Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Robyn M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | - Anny Xiang
- Southern California Permanente Medical Group, Department of Research & Evaluation, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Lisa F Barcellos
- QB3 Genetic Epidemiology and Genomics Lab, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA
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12
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Juan J, Huang H, Jiang X, Ardisson Korat AV, Song M, Sun Q, Willett WC, Jensen MK, Kraft P. Joint effects of fatty acid desaturase 1 polymorphisms and dietary polyunsaturated fatty acid intake on circulating fatty acid proportions. Am J Clin Nutr 2019; 107:826-833. [PMID: 29722844 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqy025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are associated with a lower risk of multiple diseases. Fatty acid desaturase 1 gene (FADS1) polymorphisms and dietary PUFA intake are both established determinants of circulating PUFA proportions. Objective We explored the joint effects of FADS1 polymorphisms and dietary PUFA intake on circulating PUFA proportions. Design We studied 2288 participants from a nested case-control study of coronary artery disease among participants who provided blood samples in the Nurses' Health Study and the Health Professionals Follow-Up Study. Dietary PUFA intake was obtained from semiquantitative food-frequency questionnaires. FADS1 rs174546 was genotyped by using the Affymetrix 6.0 platform, and circulating PUFA proportions were measured with gas-liquid chromatography. Linear regression models were used to examine the associations between rs174546 and circulating proportions of each fatty acid. Gene-diet interactions were tested by including a cross-product term of dietary intake of each PUFA by rs174546 genotype in the linear regression models. Results After adjustment for sex and ancestry, each copy of the C allele of rs174546 was associated with higher circulating proportions of arachidonic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and lower proportions of linoleic acid and α-linolenic acid. The magnitude of positive association between higher consumption of dietary EPA or DHA and circulating proportions of EPA increased with each copy of the rs174546_T allele (P-interaction = 0.01 and 0.007, respectively). Each 1-SD increment in EPA intake was associated with an average 3.7% increase in circulating EPA proportions among participants with the rs174546_CC genotype and an average 7.8% increase among participants with the TT genotype. Conclusions Carriers of the T allele at FADS1 rs174546 may need higher doses of dietary EPA and DHA to achieve the same circulating proportions of EPA as carriers of the C allele. The implications of these findings on disease risk and dietary guidelines require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Juan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Peking University School of Public Health, Beijing, China.,Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics
| | - Hongyan Huang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics
| | - Xia Jiang
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics
| | - Andres V Ardisson Korat
- Departments of Nutrition, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Departments of Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Mingyang Song
- Departments of Nutrition, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Clinical and Translational Epidemiology Unit and Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Qi Sun
- Departments of Nutrition, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Walter C Willett
- Departments of Nutrition, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Departments of Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Majken K Jensen
- Departments of Nutrition, Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Peter Kraft
- Program in Genetic Epidemiology and Statistical Genetics.,Departments of Epidemiology, and Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA.,Departments of Biostatistics, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
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13
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Demmelmair H, MacDonald A, Kotzaeridou U, Burgard P, Gonzalez-Lamuno D, Verduci E, Ersoy M, Gokcay G, Alyanak B, Reischl E, Müller-Felber W, Faber FL, Handel U, Paci S, Koletzko B. Determinants of Plasma Docosahexaenoic Acid Levels and Their Relationship to Neurological and Cognitive Functions in PKU Patients: A Double Blind Randomized Supplementation Study. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10121944. [PMID: 30544518 PMCID: PMC6316534 DOI: 10.3390/nu10121944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Children with phenylketonuria (PKU) follow a protein restricted diet with negligible amounts of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA). Low DHA intakes might explain subtle neurological deficits in PKU. We studied whether a DHA supply modified plasma DHA and neurological and intellectual functioning in PKU. In a double-blind multicentric trial, 109 PKU patients were randomized to DHA doses from 0 to 7 mg/kg&day for six months. Before and after supplementation, we determined plasma fatty acid concentrations, latencies of visually evoked potentials, fine and gross motor behavior, and IQ. Fatty acid desaturase genotypes were also determined. DHA supplementation increased plasma glycerophospholipid DHA proportional to dose by 0.4% DHA per 1 mg intake/kg bodyweight. Functional outcomes were not associated with DHA status before and after intervention and remained unchanged by supplementation. Genotypes were associated with plasma arachidonic acid levels and, if considered together with the levels of the precursor alpha-linolenic acid, also with DHA. Functional outcomes and supplementation effects were not significantly associated with genotype. DHA intakes up to 7 mg/kg did not improve neurological functions in PKU children. Nervous tissues may be less prone to low DHA levels after infancy, or higher doses might be required to impact neurological functions. In situations of minimal dietary DHA, endogenous synthesis of DHA from alpha-linolenic acid could relevantly contribute to DHA status.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Demmelmair
- Division Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | | | - Urania Kotzaeridou
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - Peter Burgard
- Division of Neuropediatrics and Metabolic Medicine, Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
| | | | - Elvira Verduci
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy.
| | - Melike Ersoy
- Department of Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Gulden Gokcay
- Department of Pediatric Nutrition and Metabolism, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Behiye Alyanak
- Department of Child Psychiatry, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, 34093 Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Eva Reischl
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Institute of Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, 85764 Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Wolfgang Müller-Felber
- Division Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Fabienne Lara Faber
- Division Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Uschi Handel
- Division Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, 80337 Munich, Germany.
| | - Sabrina Paci
- Department of Pediatrics, San Paolo Hospital Milano, 20142 Milano, Italy.
| | - Berthold Koletzko
- Division Metabolic and Nutritional Medicine, LMU-Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, 80337 Munich, Germany.
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14
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Lankinen M, Uusitupa M, Schwab U. Genes and Dietary Fatty Acids in Regulation of Fatty Acid Composition of Plasma and Erythrocyte Membranes. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10111785. [PMID: 30453550 PMCID: PMC6265745 DOI: 10.3390/nu10111785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The fatty acid compositions of plasma lipids and cell membranes of certain tissues are modified by dietary fatty acid composition. Furthermore, many other factors (age, sex, ethnicity, health status, genes, and gene × diet interactions) affect the fatty acid composition of cell membranes or plasma lipid compartments. Therefore, it is of great importance to understand the complexity of mechanisms that may modify fatty acid compositions of plasma or tissues. We carried out an extensive literature survey of gene × diet interaction in the regulation of fatty acid compositions. Most of the related studies have been observational studies, but there are also a few intervention trials that tend to confirm that true interactions exist. Most of the studies deal with the desaturase enzyme cluster (FADS1, FADS2) in chromosome 11 and elongase enzymes. We expect that new genetic variants are being found that are linked with the genetic regulation of plasma or tissue fatty acid composition. This information is of great help to understanding the contribution of dietary fatty acids and their endogenic metabolism to the development of some chronic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lankinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Matti Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, 70211 Kuopio, Finland.
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
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15
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Metherel AH, Lacombe RS, Aristizabal Henao JJ, Morin-Rivron D, Kitson AP, Hopperton KE, Chalil D, Masoodi M, Stark KD, Bazinet RP. Two weeks of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation increases synthesis-secretion kinetics of n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids compared to 8 weeks of DHA supplementation. J Nutr Biochem 2018; 60:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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16
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Lu Y, Ding Q, Xu X, Spatz ES, Dreyer RP, D'Onofrio G, Caulfield M, Nasir K, Spertus JA, Krumholz HM. Sex Differences in Omega-3 and -6 Fatty Acids and Health Status Among Young Adults With Acute Myocardial Infarction: Results From the VIRGO Study. J Am Heart Assoc 2018; 7:e008189. [PMID: 29848494 PMCID: PMC6015388 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.117.008189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Young women (aged ≤55 years) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) have poorer health status outcomes than similarly aged men. Low omega-3 fatty acids (FAs) have been implicated as risk factors for cardiovascular outcomes in AMI patients, but it is not clear whether young women have similar or different post-AMI omega-3 FA profiles compared with young men. METHODS AND RESULTS We assessed the sex differences in post-AMI omega-3 FAs and the associations of these biomarkers with patient-reported outcomes (symptom, functioning status, and quality of life) at 12-month follow-up, using data from 2985 US adults with AMI aged 18 to 55 years enrolled in the VIRGO (Variation in Recovery: Role of Gender on Outcomes of Young Acute Myocardial Infarction Patients) study. Biomarkers including eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid (AA), eicosapentaenoic acid/AA ratio, omega-3/omega-6 ratio, and omega-3 index were measured 1 month after AMI. Overall, the omega-3 FAs and AA were similar in young men and women with AMI. In both unadjusted and adjusted analysis (controlling for age, sex, race, smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, body mass index, and health status score at 1 month), omega-3 FAs and AA were not significantly associated with 12-month health status scores using the Bonferroni corrected statistical threshold. CONCLUSIONS We found no evidence of sex differences in omega-3 FAs and AA in young men and women 1 month after AMI. Omega-3 FAs and AA at 1-month after AMI were generally not associated with 12-month patient-reported health status after adjusting for patient demographic, clinical characteristics, and the corresponding 1-month health status score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Lu
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Qinglan Ding
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT
| | - Xiao Xu
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Erica S Spatz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Rachel P Dreyer
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - Gail D'Onofrio
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | | | - Khurram Nasir
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
| | - John A Spertus
- University of Missouri-Kansas City and Saint Luke's Mid America Heart Institute, Kansas City, MO
| | - Harlan M Krumholz
- Center for Outcomes Research and Evaluation, Yale-New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT
- Department of Health Policy and Management, Yale School of Public Health, New Haven, CT
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17
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The combined effects of FADS gene variation and dietary fats in obesity-related traits in a population from the far north of Sweden: the GLACIER Study. Int J Obes (Lond) 2018; 43:808-820. [PMID: 29795460 PMCID: PMC6124650 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-018-0112-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 03/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Background Recent analyses in Greenlandic Inuit identified six genetic polymorphisms (rs74771917, rs3168072, rs12577276, rs7115739, rs174602, and rs174570) in the fatty acid desaturase gene cluster (FADS1-FADS2-FADS3) that are associated with multiple metabolic and anthropometric traits. Our objectives were to systematically assess whether dietary polyunsaturated fat acid (PUFA) intake modifies the associations between genetic variants in the FADS gene cluster and cardiometabolic traits and to functionally annotate top ranking candidates to estimate their regulatory potential. Methods Data analyses consisted: interaction analyses between the six candidate genetic variants and dietary PUFA intake; gene-centric joint analyses to detect interaction signals in the FADS region; haplotype block-centric joint tests across 30 haplotype blocks in the FADS region to refine interaction signals; functional annotation of top loci. These analyses were undertaken in Swedish adults from the GLACIER Study (N=5,160); data on genetic variation and eight cardiometabolic traits was used. Results Interactions were observed between rs174570 and n-6 PUFA intake on fasting glucose (Pint=0.005) and between rs174602 and n-3 PUFA intake on total cholesterol (Pint=0.001). Gene-centric analyses demonstrated a statistically significant interaction effect for FADS and n-3 PUFA on triglycerides (P=0.005) considering genetic main effects as random. Haplotype analyses revealed three blocks (Pint<0.011) that could drive the interaction between FADS and n-3 PUFA on triglycerides; Functional annotation of these regions showed that each block harbours a number of highly functional regulatory variants; FADS2 rs5792235 demonstrated the highest functionality score. Conclusions The association between FADS variants and triglycerides may be modified by PUFA intake. The intronic FADS2 rs5792235 variant is a potential causal variant in the region having the highest regulatory potential. However, our results suggest that haplotypes may harbour multiple functional variants in a region, rather than a single variant.
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Kalsbeek A, Veenstra J, Westra J, Disselkoen C, Koch K, McKenzie KA, O’Bott J, Vander Woude J, Fischer K, Shearer GC, Harris WS, Tintle NL. A genome-wide association study of red-blood cell fatty acids and ratios incorporating dietary covariates: Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194882. [PMID: 29652918 PMCID: PMC5898718 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent analyses have suggested a strong heritable component to circulating fatty acid (FA) levels; however, only a limited number of genes have been identified which associate with FA levels. In order to expand upon a previous genome wide association study done on participants in the Framingham Heart Study Offspring Cohort and FA levels, we used data from 2,400 of these individuals for whom red blood cell FA profiles, dietary information and genotypes are available, and then conducted a genome-wide evaluation of potential genetic variants associated with 22 FAs and 15 FA ratios, after adjusting for relevant dietary covariates. Our analysis found nine previously identified loci associated with FA levels (FADS, ELOVL2, PCOLCE2, LPCAT3, AGPAT4, NTAN1/PDXDC1, PKD2L1, HBS1L/MYB and RAB3GAP1/MCM6), while identifying four novel loci. The latter include an association between variants in CALN1 (Chromosome 7) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), DHRS4L2 (Chromosome 14) and a FA ratio measuring delta-9-desaturase activity, as well as two loci associated with less well understood proteins. Thus, the inclusion of dietary covariates had a modest impact, helping to uncover four additional loci. While genome-wide association studies continue to uncover additional genes associated with circulating FA levels, much of the heritable risk is yet to be explained, suggesting the potential role of rare genetic variation, epistasis and gene-environment interactions on FA levels as well. Further studies are needed to continue to understand the complex genetic picture of FA metabolism and synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anya Kalsbeek
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Dordt College, Sioux Center, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jenna Veenstra
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Dordt College, Sioux Center, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Jason Westra
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Dordt College, Sioux Center, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Craig Disselkoen
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Dordt College, Sioux Center, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Kristin Koch
- Department of Statistics, Baylor University, Waco, TX, United States of America
| | - Katelyn A. McKenzie
- Department of Statistics, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States of America
| | - Jacob O’Bott
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Maryland- Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD, United States of America
| | - Jason Vander Woude
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Dordt College, Sioux Center, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Karen Fischer
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Dordt College, Sioux Center, Iowa, United States of America
| | - Greg C. Shearer
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, State College, PA, United States of America
| | | | - Nathan L. Tintle
- Department of Mathematics, Statistics and Computer Science, Dordt College, Sioux Center, Iowa, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Guasch-Ferré M, Dashti HS, Merino J. Nutritional Genomics and Direct-to-Consumer Genetic Testing: An Overview. Adv Nutr 2018; 9:128-135. [PMID: 29659694 PMCID: PMC5916428 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmy001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The increasing prevalence in polygenic diseases, such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and type 2 diabetes, observed over the past few decades is more likely linked to a rapid transition in lifestyle rather than to changes in the sequence of the nuclear genome. In the new era of precision medicine, nutritional genomics holds the promise to be translated into tailored nutritional strategies to prevent and manage polygenic diseases more effectively. Nutritional genomics aims to prevent, treat, and manage polygenic diseases through targeted therapies formulated from individuals' genetic makeup and dietary intake. Direct-to-consumer genetic testing (DTC-GT) has become commercially available to equip individuals with information on their genetic vulnerability to different diseases. This information may potentially prompt behavioral changes against adverse factors. However, scientific evidence behind the clinical recommendations is a matter of continuous debate, and behavioral modifications after disclosing genetic information remain inconclusive. In this review, we provide an overview of nutritional genomics and related nutritional DTC-GT services and discuss whether available data are sufficient to be translated into clinical recommendations and public health initiatives. Overall, the scientific evidence supporting the dissemination of genomic information for nutrigenomic purposes remains sparse. Therefore, additional knowledge needs to be generated, particularly for polygenic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Guasch-Ferré
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA
| | - Hassan S Dashti
- Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA
| | - Jordi Merino
- Center for Genomic Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Center for Diabetes Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA,Programs in Metabolism and Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA,Address correspondence to JM (e-mail: )
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The future for long chain n-3 PUFA in the prevention of coronary heart disease: do we need to target non-fish-eaters? Proc Nutr Soc 2017; 76:408-418. [PMID: 28508737 DOI: 10.1017/s0029665117000428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Dietary guidelines in many countries include a recommendation to consume oily fish, mainly on the basis of evidence from prospective cohort studies that fish consumption is cardioprotective. However, average intakes are very low in a large proportion of the UK population. Some groups, such as vegans and vegetarians, purposely omit fish (along with meat) from their diet resulting in zero or trace intakes of long chain (LC) n-3 PUFA. Although the efficacy of dietary fish oil supplementation in the prevention of CVD has been questioned in recent years, the balance of evidence indicates that LC n-3 PUFA exert systemic pleiotropic effects through their influence on gene expression, cell signalling, membrane fluidity and by conversion to specialised proresolving mediators; autacoid lipid mediators that resolve inflammatory events. The long-term impact of reduced tissue LC n-3 PUFA content on cardiovascular health is surprisingly poorly understood, particularly with regard to how low proportions of LC n-3 PUFA in cell membranes may affect cardiac electrophysiology and chronic inflammation. Randomised controlled trials investigating effects of supplementation on prevention of CHD in populations with low basal LC n-3 PUFA tissue status are lacking, and so the clinical benefits of supplementing non-fish-eating groups with vegetarian sources of LC n-3 PUFA remain to be determined. Refocusing dietary LC n-3 PUFA intervention studies towards those individuals with a low LC n-3 PUFA tissue status may go some way towards reconciling results from randomised controlled trials with the epidemiological evidence.
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Heianza Y, Qi L. Gene-Diet Interaction and Precision Nutrition in Obesity. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18040787. [PMID: 28387720 PMCID: PMC5412371 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18040787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2017] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The rapid rise of obesity during the past decades has coincided with a profound shift of our living environment, including unhealthy dietary patterns, a sedentary lifestyle, and physical inactivity. Genetic predisposition to obesity may have interacted with such an obesogenic environment in determining the obesity epidemic. Growing studies have found that changes in adiposity and metabolic response to low-calorie weight loss diets might be modified by genetic variants related to obesity, metabolic status and preference to nutrients. This review summarized data from recent studies of gene-diet interactions, and discussed integration of research of metabolomics and gut microbiome, as well as potential application of the findings in precision nutrition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoriko Heianza
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
| | - Lu Qi
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA 70112, USA.
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Roke K, Walton K, Klingel SL, Harnett A, Subedi S, Haines J, Mutch DM. Evaluating Changes in Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake after Receiving Personal FADS1 Genetic Information: A Randomized Nutrigenetic Intervention. Nutrients 2017; 9:nu9030240. [PMID: 28272299 PMCID: PMC5372903 DOI: 10.3390/nu9030240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2017] [Revised: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 03/03/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Nutrigenetics research is anticipated to lay the foundation for personalized dietary recommendations; however, it remains unclear if providing individuals with their personal genetic information changes dietary behaviors. Our objective was to evaluate if providing information for a common variant in the fatty acid desaturase 1 (FADS1) gene changed omega-3 fatty acid (FA) intake and blood levels in young female adults (18–25 years). Participants were randomized into Genetic (intervention) and Non-Genetic (control) groups, with measurements taken at Baseline and Final (12 weeks). Dietary intake of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) was assessed using an omega-3 food frequency questionnaire. Red blood cell (RBC) FA content was quantified by gas chromatography. Implications of participation in a nutrigenetics study and awareness of omega-3 FAs were assessed with online questionnaires. Upon completion of the study, EPA and DHA intake increased significantly (p = 1.0 × 10−4) in all participants. This change was reflected by small increases in RBC %EPA. Participants in the Genetic group showed increased awareness of omega-3 terminology by the end of the study, reported that the dietary recommendations were more useful, and rated cost as a barrier to omega-3 consumption less often than those in the Non-Genetic group. Providing participants FADS1 genetic information did not appear to influence omega-3 intake during the 12 weeks, but did change perceptions and behaviors related to omega-3 FAs in this timeframe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaitlin Roke
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Kathryn Walton
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Shannon L Klingel
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Amber Harnett
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Sanjeena Subedi
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - Jess Haines
- Department of Family Relations and Applied Nutrition, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
| | - David M Mutch
- Department of Human Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON N1G 2W1, Canada.
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Watson H, Cockbain AJ, Spencer J, Race A, Volpato M, Loadman PM, Toogood GJ, Hull MA. Measurement of red blood cell eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) levels in a randomised trial of EPA in patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids 2016; 115:60-66. [PMID: 27914515 DOI: 10.1016/j.plefa.2016.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
We investigated red blood cell (RBC) PUFA profiles, and the predictive value of RBC EPA content for tumour EPA exposure and clinical outcomes, in the EMT study, a randomised trial of EPA in patients awaiting colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis surgery (Cockbain et al., 2014) [8]. There was a significant increase in RBC EPA in the EPA group (n=43; median intervention 30 days; mean absolute 1.26[±0.14]% increase; P<0.001), but not in the placebo arm (n=45). EPA incorporation varied widely in EPA users and was not explained by treatment duration or compliance. There was little evidence of 'contamination' in the placebo group. The EPA level predicted tumour EPA content (r=0.36; P=0.03). Participants with post-treatment EPA≥1.22% (n=49) had improved OS compared with EPA <1.22% (n=29; HR 0.42[95%CI 0.16-0.95]). RBC EPA content should be evaluated as a biomarker of tumour exposure and clinical outcomes in future EPA trials in CRC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Watson
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Cockbain
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom; Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Jade Spencer
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda Race
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Milene Volpato
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Paul M Loadman
- Institute of Cancer Therapeutics, University of Bradford, Bradford BD7 1DP, United Kingdom
| | - Giles J Toogood
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom
| | - Mark A Hull
- Leeds Institute of Biomedical & Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds, St James's University Hospital, Leeds LS9 7TF, United Kingdom.
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Diamanti K, Umer HM, Kruczyk M, Dąbrowski MJ, Cavalli M, Wadelius C, Komorowski J. Maps of context-dependent putative regulatory regions and genomic signal interactions. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:9110-9120. [PMID: 27625394 PMCID: PMC5100580 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2015] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene transcription is regulated mainly by transcription factors (TFs). ENCODE and Roadmap Epigenomics provide global binding profiles of TFs, which can be used to identify regulatory regions. To this end we implemented a method to systematically construct cell-type and species-specific maps of regulatory regions and TF-TF interactions. We illustrated the approach by developing maps for five human cell-lines and two other species. We detected ∼144k putative regulatory regions among the human cell-lines, with the majority of them being ∼300 bp. We found ∼20k putative regulatory elements in the ENCODE heterochromatic domains suggesting a large regulatory potential in the regions presumed transcriptionally silent. Among the most significant TF interactions identified in the heterochromatic regions were CTCF and the cohesin complex, which is in agreement with previous reports. Finally, we investigated the enrichment of the obtained putative regulatory regions in the 3D chromatin domains. More than 90% of the regions were discovered in the 3D contacting domains. We found a significant enrichment of GWAS SNPs in the putative regulatory regions. These significant enrichments provide evidence that the regulatory regions play a crucial role in the genomic structural stability. Additionally, we generated maps of putative regulatory regions for prostate and colorectal cancer human cell-lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klev Diamanti
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751-24, Sweden
| | - Husen M Umer
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751-24, Sweden
| | - Marcin Kruczyk
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751-24, Sweden
| | - Michał J Dąbrowski
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751-08, Sweden
| | - Marco Cavalli
- Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 012-48, Poland
| | - Claes Wadelius
- Institute of Computer Science, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw 012-48, Poland
| | - Jan Komorowski
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751-24, Sweden .,Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Immunology, Genetics and Pathology, Uppsala University, Uppsala SE-751-08, Sweden
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Characterizing Blood Metabolomics Profiles Associated with Self-Reported Food Intakes in Female Twins. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0158568. [PMID: 27355821 PMCID: PMC4927065 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0158568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 06/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Using dietary biomarkers in nutritional epidemiological studies may better capture exposure and improve the level at which diet-disease associations can be established and explored. Here, we aimed to identify and evaluate reproducibility of novel biomarkers of reported habitual food intake using targeted and non-targeted metabolomic blood profiling in a large twin cohort. Reported intakes of 71 food groups, determined by FFQ, were assessed against 601 fasting blood metabolites in over 3500 adult female twins from the TwinsUK cohort. For each metabolite, linear regression analysis was undertaken in the discovery group (excluding MZ twin pairs discordant [≥1 SD apart] for food group intake) with each food group as a predictor adjusting for age, batch effects, BMI, family relatedness and multiple testing (1.17x10-6 = 0.05/[71 food groups x 601 detected metabolites]). Significant results were then replicated (non-targeted: P<0.05; targeted: same direction) in the MZ discordant twin group and results from both analyses meta-analyzed. We identified and replicated 180 significant associations with 39 food groups (P<1.17x10-6), overall consisting of 106 different metabolites (74 known and 32 unknown), including 73 novel associations. In particular we identified trans-4-hydroxyproline as a potential marker of red meat intake (0.075[0.009]; P = 1.08x10-17), ergothioneine as a marker of mushroom consumption (0.181[0.019]; P = 5.93x10-22), and three potential markers of fruit consumption (top association: apple and pears): including metabolites derived from gut bacterial transformation of phenolic compounds, 3-phenylpropionate (0.024[0.004]; P = 1.24x10-8) and indolepropionate (0.026[0.004]; P = 2.39x10-9), and threitol (0.033[0.003]; P = 1.69x10-21). With the largest nutritional metabolomics dataset to date, we have identified 73 novel candidate biomarkers of food intake for potential use in nutritional epidemiological studies. We compiled our findings into the DietMetab database (http://www.twinsuk.ac.uk/dietmetab-data/), an online tool to investigate our top associations.
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Belury MA, Cole RM, Bailey BE, Ke JY, Andridge RR, Kiecolt-Glaser JK. Erythrocyte linoleic acid, but not oleic acid, is associated with improvements in body composition in men and women. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:1206-12. [PMID: 26923704 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/16/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Supplementation with linoleic acid (LA; 18:2Ω6)-rich oils increases lean mass and decreases trunk adipose mass in people. Erythrocyte fatty acids reflect the dietary pattern of fatty acid intake and endogenous metabolism of fatty acids. The aim of this study is to determine the relationship of erythrocyte LA, with aspects of body composition, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Additionally, we tested for relationships of oleic acid (OA) and the sum of long chain omega-three fatty acids (LC-Ω3-SUM), on the same outcomes. METHODS AND RESULTS Men and women (N = 139) were evaluated for body composition, insulin resistance, and serum inflammatory markers, IL-6, and c-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte fatty acid composition after an overnight fast. LA was positively related to appendicular lean mass/body mass index and inversely related to trunk adipose mass. Additionally, LA was inversely related to insulin resistance and IL-6. While there was an inverse relationship between OA or LC-Ω3-SUM with markers of inflammation, there were no relationships between OA or LC-Ω3-SUM with body composition or HOMA-IR. CONCLUSION Higher erythrocyte LA was associated with improved body composition, insulin resistance, and inflammation. Erythrocyte OA or LC-Ω3-SUM was unrelated to body composition and insulin resistance. There is much controversy about whether all unsaturated fats have the same benefits for metabolic syndrome and weight gain. We sought to test the strength of the relationships between three unsaturated fatty acid in erythrocytes with measurements of body composition, metabolism, and inflammation in healthy adults. Linoleic acid, but not oleic acid or the sum of long-chain omega 3 fatty acids (w3), was associated with increased appendicular lean mass and decreased trunk adipose mass and insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martha A Belury
- Program of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rachel M Cole
- Program of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Brittney E Bailey
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Jia-Yu Ke
- Program of Human Nutrition, Department of Human Sciences, College of Education and Human Ecology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Rebecca R Andridge
- Division of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Janice K Kiecolt-Glaser
- Institute for Behavioral Medicine Research, Department of Psychiatry, College of Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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Impact of Genotype on EPA and DHA Status and Responsiveness to Increased Intakes. Nutrients 2016; 8:123. [PMID: 26950146 PMCID: PMC4808853 DOI: 10.3390/nu8030123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
At a population level, cardioprotective and cognitive actions of the fish oil (FO) derived long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC n-3 PUFAs) eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) have been extensively demonstrated. In addition to dietary intake, which is limited for many individuals, EPA and DHA status is dependent on the efficiency of their biosynthesis from α-linolenic acid. Gender and common gene variants have been identified as influencing the rate-limiting desaturase and elongase enzymes. Response to a particular intake or status is also highly heterogeneous and likely influenced by genetic variants which impact on EPA and DHA metabolism and tissue partitioning, transcription factor activity, or physiological end-point regulation. Here, available literature relating genotype to tissue LC n-3 PUFA status and response to FO intervention is considered. It is concluded that the available evidence is relatively limited, with much of the variability unexplained, though APOE and FADS genotypes are emerging as being important. Although genotype × LC n-3 PUFA interactions have been described for a number of phenotypes, few have been confirmed in independent studies. A more comprehensive understanding of the genetic, physiological and behavioural modulators of EPA and DHA status and response to intervention is needed to allow refinement of current dietary LC n-3 PUFA recommendations and stratification of advice to “vulnerable” and responsive subgroups.
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Circulating n-3 fatty acids and trans-fatty acids, PLA2G2A gene variation and sudden cardiac arrest. J Nutr Sci 2016; 5:e12. [PMID: 27313848 PMCID: PMC4791519 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2016.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Whether genetic factors influence the associations of fatty acids with the risk of sudden
cardiac arrest (SCA) is largely unknown. To investigate possible gene–fatty acid
interactions on SCA risk, we used a case-only approach and measured fatty acids in
erythrocyte samples from 1869 SCA cases in a population-based repository with genetic
data. We selected 191 SNP in ENCODE-identified regulatory regions of fifty-five candidate
genes in fatty acid metabolic pathways. Using linear regression and additive genetic
models, we investigated the association of the selected SNP with erythrocyte levels of
fatty acids, including DHA, EPA and trans-fatty acids among the SCA
cases. The assumption of no association in non-cases was supported by analysis of publicly
available datasets containing over 8000 samples. None of the SNP–fatty acid associations
tested among the cases reached statistical significance after correction for multiple
comparisons. One SNP, rs4654990 near PLA2G2A, with an allele frequency of
0·33, was nominally associated with lower levels of DHA and EPA and higher levels of
trans-fatty acids. The strongest association was with DHA levels
(exponentiated coefficient for one unit (1 % of total fatty acids), 0·90, 95 % CI 0·85,
0·97; P = 0·003), indicating that for subjects with a coded allele, the
OR of SCA associated with one unit higher DHA is about 90 % what it is for subjects with
one fewer coded allele. These findings suggest that the associations of circulating
n-3 and trans-fatty acids with SCA risk may be more
pronounced in carriers of the rs4654990 G allele.
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Ferguson LR. The Value of Nutrigenomics Science. OMICS-A JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE BIOLOGY 2016; 20:122. [DOI: 10.1089/omi.2015.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ma Y, Smith CE, Lai CQ, Irvin MR, Parnell LD, Lee YC, Pham LD, Aslibekyan S, Claas SA, Tsai MY, Borecki IB, Kabagambe EK, Ordovás JM, Absher DM, Arnett DK. The effects of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and genetic variants on methylation levels of the interleukin-6 gene promoter. Mol Nutr Food Res 2016; 60:410-9. [PMID: 26518637 PMCID: PMC4844557 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Revised: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Omega-3 PUFAs (n-3 PUFAs) reduce IL-6 gene expression, but their effects on transcription regulatory mechanisms are unknown. We aimed to conduct an integrated analysis with both population and in vitro studies to systematically explore the relationships among n-3 PUFA, DNA methylation, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), gene expression, and protein concentration of IL6. METHODS AND RESULTS Using data in the Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network (GOLDN) study and the Encyclopedia of DNA Elements (ENCODE) consortium, we found that higher methylation of IL6 promoter cg01770232 was associated with higher IL-6 plasma concentration (p = 0.03) and greater IL6 gene expression (p = 0.0005). Higher circulating total n-3 PUFA was associated with lower cg01770232 methylation (p = 0.007) and lower IL-6 concentration (p = 0.02). Moreover, an allele of IL6 rs2961298 was associated with higher cg01770232 methylation (p = 2.55 × 10(-7) ). The association between n-3 PUFA and cg01770232 methylation was dependent on rs2961298 genotype (p = 0.02), but higher total n-3 PUFA was associated with lower cg01770232 methylation in the heterozygotes (p = 0.04) not in the homozygotes. CONCLUSION Higher n-3 PUFA is associated with lower methylation at IL6 promoter, which may be modified by IL6 SNPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Ma
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Biomedical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Caren E. Smith
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marguerite R. Irvin
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Laurence D. Parnell
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lucia D. Pham
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stella Aslibekyan
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Steven A. Claas
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Michael Y. Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Ingrid B. Borecki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - José M. Ordovás
- Jean Mayer US Department of Agriculture Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Centro Nacional Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Alimentacion (IMDEA-FOOD), Madrid, Spain
| | - Devin M. Absher
- Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Donna K. Arnett
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Ma Y, Follis JL, Smith CE, Tanaka T, Manichaikul AW, Chu AY, Samieri C, Zhou X, Guan W, Wang L, Biggs ML, Chen YDI, Hernandez DG, Borecki I, Chasman DI, Rich SS, Ferrucci L, Irvin MR, Aslibekyan S, Zhi D, Tiwari HK, Claas SA, Sha J, Kabagambe EK, Lai CQ, Parnell LD, Lee YC, Amouyel P, Lambert JC, Psaty BM, King IB, Mozaffarian D, McKnight B, Bandinelli S, Tsai MY, Ridker PM, Ding J, Mstat KL, Liu Y, Sotoodehnia N, Barberger-Gateau P, Steffen LM, Siscovick DS, Absher D, Arnett DK, Ordovás JM, Lemaitre RN. Interaction of methylation-related genetic variants with circulating fatty acids on plasma lipids: a meta-analysis of 7 studies and methylation analysis of 3 studies in the Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology consortium. Am J Clin Nutr 2016; 103:567-78. [PMID: 26791180 PMCID: PMC5260796 DOI: 10.3945/ajcn.115.112987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND DNA methylation is influenced by diet and single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and methylation modulates gene expression. OBJECTIVE We aimed to explore whether the gene-by-diet interactions on blood lipids act through DNA methylation. DESIGN We selected 7 SNPs on the basis of predicted relations in fatty acids, methylation, and lipids. We conducted a meta-analysis and a methylation and mediation analysis with the use of data from the CHARGE (Cohorts for Heart and Aging Research in Genomic Epidemiology) consortium and the ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) consortium. RESULTS On the basis of the meta-analysis of 7 cohorts in the CHARGE consortium, higher plasma HDL cholesterol was associated with fewer C alleles at ATP-binding cassette subfamily A member 1 (ABCA1) rs2246293 (β = -0.6 mg/dL, P = 0.015) and higher circulating eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) (β = 3.87 mg/dL, P = 5.62 × 10(21)). The difference in HDL cholesterol associated with higher circulating EPA was dependent on genotypes at rs2246293, and it was greater for each additional C allele (β = 1.69 mg/dL, P = 0.006). In the GOLDN (Genetics of Lipid Lowering Drugs and Diet Network) study, higher ABCA1 promoter cg14019050 methylation was associated with more C alleles at rs2246293 (β = 8.84%, P = 3.51 × 10(18)) and lower circulating EPA (β = -1.46%, P = 0.009), and the mean difference in methylation of cg14019050 that was associated with higher EPA was smaller with each additional C allele of rs2246293 (β = -2.83%, P = 0.007). Higher ABCA1 cg14019050 methylation was correlated with lower ABCA1 expression (r = -0.61, P = 0.009) in the ENCODE consortium and lower plasma HDL cholesterol in the GOLDN study (r = -0.12, P = 0.0002). An additional mediation analysis was meta-analyzed across the GOLDN study, Cardiovascular Health Study, and the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Compared with the model without the adjustment of cg14019050 methylation, the model with such adjustment provided smaller estimates of the mean plasma HDL cholesterol concentration in association with both the rs2246293 C allele and EPA and a smaller difference by rs2246293 genotypes in the EPA-associated HDL cholesterol. However, the differences between 2 nested models were NS (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION We obtained little evidence that the gene-by-fatty acid interactions on blood lipids act through DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiyi Ma
- Biomedical Genetics, Department of Medicine, Boston University, Boston, MA; Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and
| | - Jack L Follis
- Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Cooperative Engineering, University of St. Thomas, Houston, TX
| | - Caren E Smith
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and
| | | | - Ani W Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | - Audrey Y Chu
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Cecilia Samieri
- Inserm, U897, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, France
| | - Xia Zhou
- Divisions of Epidemiology and Community Health and
| | | | - Lu Wang
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Mary L Biggs
- Departments of Biostatistics, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Medical Genetics Research Institute, Los Angeles, CA; Los Angeles Biomedical Institute, Harbor-University of California, Los Angeles Medical Center, Torrance, CA
| | - Dena G Hernandez
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, MD
| | - Ingrid Borecki
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Daniel I Chasman
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Stephen S Rich
- Center for Public Health Genomics, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA
| | | | | | | | - Degui Zhi
- Biostatics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Hemant K Tiwari
- Biostatics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | | | - Jin Sha
- Departments of Epidemiology and
| | | | - Chao-Qiang Lai
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and
| | | | - Yu-Chi Lee
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and
| | - Philippe Amouyel
- Inserm, UMR1167, Lille, France; University of Lille, Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France; Regional University Hospital of Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean-Charles Lambert
- Inserm, UMR1167, Lille, France; University of Lille, Lille, France; Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Bruce M Psaty
- Epidemiology, Health Services, and Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Irena B King
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Dariush Mozaffarian
- Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA
| | - Barbara McKnight
- Departments of Biostatistics, Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | | | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Paul M Ridker
- Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | | | - Kurt Lohmant Mstat
- Epidemiology & Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Yongmei Liu
- Epidemiology & Prevention, Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Pascale Barberger-Gateau
- Inserm, U897, University of Bordeaux, Bordeaux, France; University of Bordeaux, ISPED, Bordeaux, France
| | | | | | - Devin Absher
- Hudson Alpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL
| | | | - José M Ordovás
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging and Department of Epidemiology and Population Genetics, Cardiovascular Research Center, Madrid, Spain; and IMDEA Food Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rozenn N Lemaitre
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Abstract
Suboptimal nutrition is a leading cause of poor health. Nutrition and policy science have advanced rapidly, creating confusion yet also providing powerful opportunities to reduce the adverse health and economic impacts of poor diets. This review considers the history, new evidence, controversies, and corresponding lessons for modern dietary and policy priorities for cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes mellitus. Major identified themes include the importance of evaluating the full diversity of diet-related risk pathways, not only blood lipids or obesity; focusing on foods and overall diet patterns, rather than single isolated nutrients; recognizing the complex influences of different foods on long-term weight regulation, rather than simply counting calories; and characterizing and implementing evidence-based strategies, including policy approaches, for lifestyle change. Evidence-informed dietary priorities include increased fruits, nonstarchy vegetables, nuts, legumes, fish, vegetable oils, yogurt, and minimally processed whole grains; and fewer red meats, processed (eg, sodium-preserved) meats, and foods rich in refined grains, starch, added sugars, salt, and trans fat. More investigation is needed on the cardiometabolic effects of phenolics, dairy fat, probiotics, fermentation, coffee, tea, cocoa, eggs, specific vegetable and tropical oils, vitamin D, individual fatty acids, and diet-microbiome interactions. Little evidence to date supports the cardiometabolic relevance of other popular priorities: eg, local, organic, grass-fed, farmed/wild, or non-genetically modified. Evidence-based personalized nutrition appears to depend more on nongenetic characteristics (eg, physical activity, abdominal adiposity, gender, socioeconomic status, culture) than genetic factors. Food choices must be strongly supported by clinical behavior change efforts, health systems reforms, novel technologies, and robust policy strategies targeting economic incentives, schools and workplaces, neighborhood environments, and the food system. Scientific advances provide crucial new insights on optimal targets and best practices to reduce the burdens of diet-related cardiometabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dariush Mozaffarian
- From Friedman School of Nutrition Science & Policy, Tufts University, Boston, MA.
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Hu Y, Li H, Lu L, Manichaikul A, Zhu J, Chen YDI, Sun L, Liang S, Siscovick DS, Steffen LM, Tsai MY, Rich SS, Lemaitre RN, Lin X. Genome-wide meta-analyses identify novel loci associated with n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in Chinese and European-ancestry populations. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:1215-24. [PMID: 26744325 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidemiological studies suggest that levels of n-3 and n-6 long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids are associated with risk of cardio-metabolic outcomes across different ethnic groups. Recent genome-wide association studies in populations of European ancestry have identified several loci associated with plasma and/or erythrocyte polyunsaturated fatty acids. To identify additional novel loci, we carried out a genome-wide association study in two population-based cohorts consisting of 3521 Chinese participants, followed by a trans-ethnic meta-analysis with meta-analysis results from 8962 participants of European ancestry. Four novel loci (MYB, AGPAT4, DGAT2 and PPT2) reached genome-wide significance in the trans-ethnic meta-analysis (log10(Bayes Factor) ≥ 6). Of them, associations of MYB and AGPAT4 with docosatetraenoic acid (log10(Bayes Factor) = 11.5 and 8.69, respectively) also reached genome-wide significance in the Chinese-specific genome-wide association analyses (P = 4.15 × 10(-14) and 4.30 × 10(-12), respectively), while associations of DGAT2 with gamma-linolenic acid (log10(Bayes Factor) = 6.16) and of PPT2 with docosapentaenoic acid (log10(Bayes Factor) = 6.24) were nominally significant in both Chinese- and European-specific genome-wide association analyses (P ≤ 0.003). We also confirmed previously reported loci including FADS1, NTAN1, NRBF2, ELOVL2 and GCKR. Different effect sizes in FADS1 and independent association signals in ELOVL2 were observed. These results provide novel insight into the genetic background of polyunsaturated fatty acids and their differences between Chinese and European populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Huaixing Li
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Lu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Ani Manichaikul
- Center for Public Health Genomics and Department of Public Health Sciences, Biostatistics Section, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jingwen Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yii-Der I Chen
- Institute for Translational Genomics and Population Sciences, Los Angeles BioMedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center, Torrance, CA, USA
| | - Liang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuang Liang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David S Siscovick
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Department of Medicine and Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA, New York Academy of Medicine, New York, NY, USA and
| | - Lyn M Steffen
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Michael Y Tsai
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Xu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Metabolism, Institute for Nutritional Sciences, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People's Republic of China,
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Takkunen MJ, de Mello VD, Schwab US, Kuusisto J, Vaittinen M, Ågren JJ, Laakso M, Pihlajamäki J, Uusitupa MIJ. Gene-diet interaction of a common FADS1
variant with marine polyunsaturated fatty acids for fatty acid composition in plasma and erythrocytes among men. Mol Nutr Food Res 2015; 60:381-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201500594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus J. Takkunen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Vanessa D. de Mello
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Ursula S. Schwab
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Department of Medicine; University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
| | - Maija Vaittinen
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Jyrki J. Ågren
- Institute of Biomedicine; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Department of Medicine; University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
| | - Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Clinical Nutrition and Obesity Center; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
| | - Matti I. J. Uusitupa
- Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition; Faculty of Health Sciences; University of Eastern Finland; Kuopio Finland
- Research Unit; Kuopio University Hospital; Kuopio Finland
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35
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Diet-Gene Interactions in the Pathogenesis of Crohn’s Disease: the Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids (PUFA) Metabolic Pathway as a Prototype. Curr Nutr Rep 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s13668-015-0128-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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