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Xing F, Han F, Wu Y, Lv B, Tian H, Wang W, Tian X, Xu C, Duan H, Zhang D, Wu Y. An epigenome-wide association study of waist circumference in Chinese monozygotic twins. Int J Obes (Lond) 2024; 48:1148-1156. [PMID: 38773251 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-024-01538-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 05/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Central obesity poses significant health risks because it increases susceptibility to multiple chronic diseases. Epigenetic features such as DNA methylation may be associated with specific obesity traits, which could help us understand how genetic and environmental factors interact to influence the development of obesity. This study aims to identify DNA methylation sites associated with the waist circumference (WC) in Northern Han Chinese population, and to elucidate potential causal relationships. METHODS A total of 59 pairs of WC discordant monozygotic twins (ΔWC >0) were selected from the Qingdao Twin Registry in China. Generalized estimated equation model was employed to estimate the methylation levels of CpG sites on WC. Causal relationships between methylation and WC were assessed through the examination of family confounding factors using FAmiliaL CONfounding (ICE FALCON). Additionally, the findings of the epigenome-wide analysis were corroborated in the validation stage. RESULTS We identified 26 CpG sites with differential methylation reached false discovery rate (FDR) < 0.05 and 22 differentially methylated regions (slk-corrected p < 0.05) strongly linked to WC. These findings provided annotations for 26 genes, with notable emphasis on MMP17, ITGA11, COL23A1, TFPI, A2ML1-AS1, MRGPRE, C2orf82, and NINJ2. ICE FALCON analysis indicated the DNA methylation of ITGA11 and TFPI had a causal effect on WC and vice versa (p < 0.05). Subsequent validation analysis successfully replicated 10 (p < 0.05) out of the 26 identified sites. CONCLUSIONS Our research has ascertained an association between specific epigenetic variations and WC in the Northern Han Chinese population. These DNA methylation features can offer fresh insights into the epigenetic regulation of obesity and WC as well as hints to plausible biological mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangjie Xing
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fulei Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Bosen Lv
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Huimin Tian
- Zhonglou District Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaocao Tian
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Chunsheng Xu
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Haiping Duan
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China.
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Wu Y, Huang M, Chen X, Wu J, Li L, Wei J, Lu C, Han L, Lu Y. A genome-wide cross-trait analysis identifies shared loci and causal relationships of obesity and lipidemic traits with psoriasis. Front Immunol 2024; 15:1328297. [PMID: 38550599 PMCID: PMC10972863 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2024.1328297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity and dyslipidemia, major global health concerns, have been linked to psoriasis, but previous studies faced methodological limitations and their shared genetic basis remains unclear. This study examines various obesity-related and lipidemic traits as potential contributors to psoriasis development, aiming to clarify their genetic associations and potential causal links. Methods Summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) conducted for obesity-related traits (body mass index (BMI), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and waist-to-hip ratio adjusted for the body mass index (WHRadjBMI)) and lipidemic traits (high-density lipoprotein (HDL), LDL, triglyceride (TG), total Cholesterol (TC), apolipoprotein A1 (apoA1), apolipoprotein B (apoB), and apolipoprotein E (apoE)) and psoriasis, all in populations of European ancestry, were used. We quantified genetic correlations, identified shared loci and explored causal relationship across traits. Results We found positive genetic correlation between BMI and psoriasis (rg=0.22, p=2.44×10-18), and between WHR and psoriasis (rg=0.19, p=1.41×10-12). We further found the positive genetic correlation between psoriasis and WHRadjBMI(rg=0.07, p=1.81×10-2) the genetic correlation, in while the effect of BMI was controlled for. We identified 14 shared loci underlying psoriasis and obesity-related traits and 43 shared loci between psoriasis and lipidemic traits via cross-trait meta-analysis. Mendelian randomization (MR) supported the causal roles of BMI (IVW OR=1.483, 95%CI=1.333-1.649), WHR (IVW OR=1.393, 95%CI=1.207-1.608) and WHRadjBMI (IVW OR=1.18, 95%CI=1.047-1.329) in psoriasis, but not observe any significant association between lipidemic traits and the risk of psoriasis. Genetic predisposition to psoriasis did not appear to affect the risk of obesity and lipidemic traits. Conclusions An intrinsic link between obesity-related traits and psoriasis has been demonstrated. The genetic correlation and causal role of obesity-related traits in psoriasis highlight the significance of weight management in both the prevention and treatment of this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mengfen Huang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xueru Chen
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jingjing Wu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Li Li
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jianan Wei
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chuanjian Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ling Han
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue Lu
- The Second Clinical Medical College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine (Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Research on Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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Meza-León A, Montoya-Estrada A, Reyes-Muñoz E, Romo-Yáñez J. Diabetes Mellitus and Pregnancy: An Insight into the Effects on the Epigenome. Biomedicines 2024; 12:351. [PMID: 38397953 PMCID: PMC10886464 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 12/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Worldwide, diabetes mellitus represents a growing health problem. If it occurs during pregnancy, it can increase the risk of various abnormalities in early and advanced life stages of exposed individuals due to fetal programming occurring in utero. Studies have determined that maternal conditions interfere with the genotypes and phenotypes of offspring. Researchers are now uncovering the mechanisms by which epigenetic alterations caused by diabetes affect the expression of genes and, therefore, the development of various diseases. Among the numerous possible epigenetic changes in this regard, the most studied to date are DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, as well as histone acetylation and methylation. This review article addresses critical findings in epigenetic studies involving diabetes mellitus, including variations reported in the expression of specific genes and their transgenerational effects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Romo-Yáñez
- Coordinación de Endocrinología Ginecológica y Perinatal, Instituto Nacional de Perinatología, Montes Urales 800, Lomas Virreyes, Mexico City 11000, Mexico
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Zhen X, Sun Y, Lin H, Huang Y, Liu T, Li Y, Peng H. Elucidating the role of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase-p53 axis in the progression of chronic kidney disease. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16301. [PMID: 37953778 PMCID: PMC10638915 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant global health issue characterized by progressive loss of kidney function. Renal interstitial fibrosis (TIF) is a common feature of CKD, but current treatments are seldom effective in reversing TIF. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) has been found to increase in kidneys with TIF, but its role in renal fibrosis is unclear. Methods Using mice with unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO) and cultured renal interstitial fibroblast cells (NRK-49F) stimulated with transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1), we investigated the function of NNMT in vivo and in vitro. Results We performed single-cell transcriptome sequencing (scRNA-seq) on the kidneys of mice and found that NNMT increased mainly in fibroblasts of UUO mice compared to sham mice. Additionally, NNMT was positively correlated with the expression of renal fibrosis-related genes after UUO injury. Knocking down NNMT expression reduced fibroblast activation and was accompanied by an increase in DNA methylation of p53 and a decrease in its phosphorylation. Conclusions Our findings suggest that chronic kidney injury leads to an accumulation of NNMT, which might decrease p53 methylation, and increase the expression and activity of p53. We propose that NNMT promotes fibroblast activation and renal fibrosis, making NNMT a novel target for preventing and treating renal fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhen
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuxiang Sun
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hongchun Lin
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuebo Huang
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Tianwei Liu
- Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yuanqing Li
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Hui Peng
- Nephrology Division, Department of Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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5
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Tian H, Qiao H, Han F, Kong X, Zhu S, Xing F, Duan H, Li W, Wang W, Zhang D, Wu Y. Genome-wide DNA methylation analysis of body composition in Chinese monozygotic twins. Eur J Clin Invest 2023; 53:e14055. [PMID: 37392072 DOI: 10.1111/eci.14055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Little is currently known about epigenetic alterations associated with body composition in obesity. Thus, we aimed to explore epigenetic relationships between genome-wide DNA methylation levels and three common traits of body composition as measured by body fat percentage (BF%), fat mass (FM) and lean body mass (LBM) among Chinese monozygotic twins. METHODS Generalized estimated equation model was used to regress the methylation level of CpG sites on body composition. Inference about Causation Through Examination Of Familial Confounding was used to explore the evidence of a causal relationship. Gene expression analysis was further performed to validate the results of differentially methylated genes. RESULTS We identified 32, 22 and 28 differentially methylated CpG sites (p < 10-5 ) as well as 20, 17 and eight differentially methylated regions (slk-corrected p < 0.05) significantly associated with BF%, FM and LBM which were annotated to 65 genes, showing partially overlapping. Causal inference demonstrated bidirectional causality between DNA methylation and body composition (p < 0.05). Gene expression analysis revealed significant correlations between expression levels of five differentially methylated genes and body composition (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS These DNA methylation signatures will contribute to increased knowledge about the epigenetic basis of body composition and provide new strategies for early prevention and treatment of obesity and its related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haofei Qiao
- Qingdao Mental Health Centre, Qingdao, China
| | - Fulei Han
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiangjie Kong
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Shuai Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Fangjie Xing
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Haiping Duan
- Qingdao Municipal Centre for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, China
| | - Weilong Li
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Weijing Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Dongfeng Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
| | - Yili Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, Qingdao, China
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6
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Roberti A, Tejedor JR, Díaz-Moreno I, López V, Santamarina-Ojeda P, Pérez RF, Urdinguio RG, Concellón C, Martínez-Chantar ML, Fernández-Morera JL, Díaz-Quintana A, Del Amo V, Fernández AF, Fraga MF. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) regulates the glucocorticoid signaling pathway during the early phase of adipogenesis. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8293. [PMID: 37217546 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-34916-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity is associated with adipose tissue dysfunction through the differentiation and expansion of pre-adipocytes to adipocytes (hyperplasia) and/or increases in size of pre-existing adipocytes (hypertrophy). A cascade of transcriptional events coordinates the differentiation of pre-adipocytes into fully differentiated adipocytes; the process of adipogenesis. Although nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) has been associated with obesity, how NNMT is regulated during adipogenesis, and the underlying regulatory mechanisms, remain undefined. In present study we used genetic and pharmacological approaches to elucidate the molecular signals driving NNMT activation and its role during adipogenesis. Firstly, we demonstrated that during the early phase of adipocyte differentiation NNMT is transactivated by CCAAT/Enhancer Binding Protein beta (CEBPB) in response to glucocorticoid (GC) induction. We found that Nnmt knockout, using CRISPR/Cas9 approach, impaired terminal adipogenesis by influencing the timing of cellular commitment and cell cycle exit during mitotic clonal expansion, as demonstrated by cell cycle analysis and RNA sequencing experiments. Biochemical and computational methods showed that a novel small molecule, called CC-410, stably binds to and highly specifically inhibits NNMT. CC-410 was, therefore, used to modulate protein activity during pre-adipocyte differentiation stages, demonstrating that, in line with the genetic approach, chemical inhibition of NNMT at the early stages of adipogenesis impairs terminal differentiation by deregulating the GC network. These congruent results conclusively demonstrate that NNMT is a key component of the GC-CEBP axis during the early stages of adipogenesis and could be a potential therapeutic target for both early-onset obesity and glucocorticoid-induced obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Roberti
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Spain
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Juan Ramon Tejedor
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Spain
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Irene Díaz-Moreno
- Institute for Chemical Research (IIQ), Scientific Research Centre Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), University of Seville - Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Virginia López
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Pablo Santamarina-Ojeda
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Raúl F Pérez
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Spain
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Rocío G Urdinguio
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Concellón
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - María Luz Martínez-Chantar
- Liver Disease Lab, Center for Cooperative Research in Biosciences (CIC bioGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance, Derio, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), Carlos III National Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Luis Fernández-Morera
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Department, Hospital Vital Alvarez Buylla (HVAB), 33611, Mieres, Spain
| | - Antonio Díaz-Quintana
- Institute for Chemical Research (IIQ), Scientific Research Centre Isla de la Cartuja (cicCartuja), University of Seville - Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Seville, Spain
| | - Vicente Del Amo
- Department of Organic and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Agustín F Fernández
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Spain.
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 33940, El Entrego, Spain.
- Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation in Asturias (FINBA), 33011, Oviedo, Spain.
- Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Av. del Hospital Universitario, 33011, Oviedo, Asturias, Spain.
- University Institute of Oncology (IUOPA), University of Oviedo, 33006, Oviedo, Spain.
- Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), 28029, Madrid, Spain.
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Perng W, Nakiwala D, Goodrich JM. What Happens In Utero Does Not Stay In Utero: a Review of Evidence for Prenatal Epigenetic Programming by Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Infants, Children, and Adolescents. Curr Environ Health Rep 2023; 10:35-44. [PMID: 36414885 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-022-00387-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Review human literature on the relationship between prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and epigenetic modifications in infants, children, and adolescents < 18 years of age. RECENT FINDINGS Eleven studies were identified, with study populations located in the U.S., Taiwan, Japan, and the Kingdom of Denmark. Many studies (n = 5) were cross-sectional, with PFAS exposure and epigenetic outcomes measured in the same tissue collected at delivery via cord blood or dried newborn blood spots. The other six studies were prospective, with prenatal PFAS measured on maternal blood during pregnancy and DNA methylation (DNAm) assessed in cord blood and childhood peripheral leukocytes (n = 1 study). Epigenetic marks of interest included global DNAm measures (LINE-1, Alu, and an ELISA-based method), candidate genes (IFG2, H19, and MEST), and epigenome-wide DNA methylation via array-based methods (Infinium 450 K and EPIC). Two studies using array-based methods employed discovery and validation paradigms, in which a small subset of loci (n = 6 and n = 4) were replicated in the discovery population. One site (TNXB) was a hit in two independent studies. Collectively, loci associated with PFAS were in regions involved in growth and development, lipid metabolism, and nutrient metabolism. There is moderate human evidence supporting associations of prenatal PFAS exposure on DNAm at birth, with one study suggesting sustained effects into childhood. Future studies are warranted to link PFAS-associated DNAm to health outcomes, as well as to investigate the role of other epigenetic marks such as hydroxymethylation, miRNA expression, and histone modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Perng
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Epidemiology, Colorado School of Public Health, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Dorothy Nakiwala
- Lifecourse Epidemiology of Adiposity and Diabetes (LEAD) Center, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jaclyn M Goodrich
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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8
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Wu Y, Tian H, Wang W, Li W, Duan H, Zhang D. DNA methylation and waist-to-hip ratio: an epigenome-wide association study in Chinese monozygotic twins. J Endocrinol Invest 2022; 45:2365-2376. [PMID: 35882828 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-022-01878-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Epigenetic signatures such as DNA methylation may be associated with specific obesity traits. We performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) by combining with the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)-discordant monozygotic (MZ) twin design in an attempt to identify genetically independent DNA methylation marks associated with abdominal obesity in Northern Han Chinese and to determine the causation underlying. METHODS A total of 60 WHR discordant MZ twin pairs were selected from the Qingdao Twin Registry, China. Generalized estimated equation (GEE) model was used to regress the methylation level of CpG sites on WHR. The Inference about Causation through Examination of FAmiliaL CONfounding (ICE FALCON) was used to assess the temporal relationship between methylation and WHR. Gene expression analysis was conducted to validate the results of differentially methylated analyses. RESULTS EWAS identified 92 CpG sites with the level of P < 10 - 4 which were annotated to 32 genes, especially CADPS2, TUSC5, ZCCHC14, CORO7, COL23A1, CACNA1C, CYP26B1, and BCAT1. ICE FALCON showed significant causality between DNA methylation of several genes and WHR (P < 0.05). In region-based analysis, 14 differentially methylated regions (DMRs) located at 15 genes (slk-corrected P < 0.05) were detected. The gene expression analysis identified the significant correlation between expression levels of 5 differentially methylated genes and WHR (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study identifies the associations between specific epigenetic variations and WHR in Northern Han Chinese. These DNA methylation signatures may have value as diagnostic biomarkers and provide novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, NO. 308 Ningxia Road, 266071, Qingdao, Shandong, China.
| | - H Tian
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, NO. 308 Ningxia Road, 266071, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - W Wang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, NO. 308 Ningxia Road, 266071, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - W Li
- Population Research Unit, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - H Duan
- Qingdao Municipal Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - D Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Public Health College, Qingdao University, NO. 308 Ningxia Road, 266071, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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9
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Grados L, Pérot M, Barbezier N, Delayre-Orthez C, Bach V, Fumery M, Anton PM, Gay-Quéheillard J. How advanced are we on the consequences of oral exposure to food contaminants on the occurrence of chronic non communicable diseases? CHEMOSPHERE 2022; 303:135260. [PMID: 35688194 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.135260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 06/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The development of an individual during fetal life and childhood is characterized by rapid growth as well as gradual maturation of organs and systems. Beyond the nutritional intake in essential nutrients, food contaminants can permanently influence the way organs mature and function. These processes are called "programming" and play an essential role in the occurrence of non-communicable chronic diseases throughout the lifespan. Populations as pregnant women, fetuses and young children are vulnerable and particularly sensitive to food contaminants which can induce epigenetic modifications transmissible to future generations. Among these contaminants, pesticides are found in most food matrices exposing humans to cocktails of molecules through variable concentrations and duration of exposure. The Maillard reaction products (MRPs) represent other food contaminants resulting from heat treatment of food. Modern diet, rich in fats and sugars, is also rich in neoformed pathogenic compounds, Advanced Glycation End products (AGEs), the levels of which depend on the heat treatment of foods and eating habits and whose effects on health are controversial. In this review, we have chosen to present the current knowledge on the impacts of selected pesticides and MRPs, on the risk of developing during life non-communicable chronic diseases such as IBD, metabolic disorders or allergies. A large review of literature was performed via Pubmed, and the most appropriate studies were summarised.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucien Grados
- PériTox, Périnatalité & Risques Toxiques, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université Picardie Jules Verne, CURS, CHU Amiens Picardie, Avenue René Laennec, Amiens, France; CHU Amiens-Picardie, Service D'hépato-gastro-entérologie, Rond-point Du Pr Cabrol, Amiens, France
| | - Maxime Pérot
- Transformations and Agroressources (URL 7519), Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université D'Artois, 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026, Beauvais, France
| | - Nicolas Barbezier
- Transformations and Agroressources (URL 7519), Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université D'Artois, 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026, Beauvais, France
| | - Carine Delayre-Orthez
- Transformations and Agroressources (URL 7519), Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université D'Artois, 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026, Beauvais, France
| | - Véronique Bach
- PériTox, Périnatalité & Risques Toxiques, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université Picardie Jules Verne, CURS, CHU Amiens Picardie, Avenue René Laennec, Amiens, France
| | - Mathurin Fumery
- PériTox, Périnatalité & Risques Toxiques, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université Picardie Jules Verne, CURS, CHU Amiens Picardie, Avenue René Laennec, Amiens, France; CHU Amiens-Picardie, Service D'hépato-gastro-entérologie, Rond-point Du Pr Cabrol, Amiens, France
| | - Pauline M Anton
- Transformations and Agroressources (URL 7519), Institut Polytechnique UniLaSalle, Université D'Artois, 19 Rue Pierre Waguet, BP 30313, 60026, Beauvais, France
| | - Jérôme Gay-Quéheillard
- PériTox, Périnatalité & Risques Toxiques, UMR-I 01 INERIS, Université Picardie Jules Verne, CURS, CHU Amiens Picardie, Avenue René Laennec, Amiens, France.
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10
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Yu M, Yu H, Mu N, Wang Y, Ma H, Yu L. The Function of FoxK Transcription Factors in Diseases. Front Physiol 2022; 13:928625. [PMID: 35903069 PMCID: PMC9314541 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.928625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box (FOX) transcription factors play a crucial role in the regulation of many diseases, being an evolutionarily conserved superfamily of transcription factors. In recent years, FoxK1/2, members of its family, has been the subject of research. Even though FoxK1 and FoxK2 have some functional overlap, increasing evidence indicates that the regulatory functions of FoxK1 and FoxK2 are not the same in various physiological and disease states. It is important to understand the biological function and mechanism of FoxK1/2 for better understanding pathogenesis of diseases, predicting prognosis, and finding new therapeutic targets. There is, however, a lack of comprehensive and systematic analysis of the similarities and differences of FoxK1/2 roles in disease, prompting us to perform a literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mujun Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China
| | - Haozhen Yu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Shaanxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xianyang, China
| | - Nan Mu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yishi Wang
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Heng Ma
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Lu Yu
- Department of Pathology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
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11
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Izquierdo AG, Boughanem H, Diaz-Lagares A, Arranz-Salas I, Esteller M, Tinahones FJ, Casanueva FF, Macias-Gonzalez M, Crujeiras AB. DNA methylome in visceral adipose tissue can discriminate patients with and without colorectal cancer. Epigenetics 2021; 17:665-676. [PMID: 34311674 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2021.1950991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue dysfunction, particularly the visceral (VAT) compartment, has been proposed to play a relevant role in colorectal cancer (CRC) development and progression. Epigenetic mechanisms could be involved in this association. The current study aimed to evaluate if specific epigenetic marks in VAT are associated with colorectal cancer (CRC) to identify epigenetic hallmarks of adipose tissue-related CRC. Epigenome-wide DNA methylation was evaluated in VAT from 25 healthy participants and 29 CRC patients, using the Infinium HumanMethylation450K BeadChip. The epigenome-wide methylation analysis identified 170,184 sites able to perfectly separate the CRC and healthy samples. The differentially methylated CpG sites (DMCpGs) showed a global trend for increased methylated levels in CRC with respect to healthy group. Most of the genes encoded by the DMCpGs belonged to metabolic pathways and cell cycle, insulin resistance, and adipocytokine signalling, as well as tumoural transformation processes. In gene-specific analyses, involved genes biologically relevant for the development of CRC include PTPRN2, MAD1L1, TNXB, DIP2C, INPP5A, HDCA4, PRDM16, RPTOR, ATP11A, TBCD, PABPC3, and IER2. The methylation level of some of them showed a discriminatory capacity for detecting CRC higher than 90%, showing IER2 to have the highest capacity. This study reveals that a specific methylation pattern of VAT is associated with CRC. Some of the epigenetic marks identified could provide useful tools for the prediction and personalized treatment of CRC connected to excess adiposity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea G Izquierdo
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto De Investigacion Sanitaria De Santiago De Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario De Santiago De Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), and Centro De Investigacion Biomedica En Red Fisiopatologia De La Obesidad Y Nutricion (Ciberobn), Spain
| | - Hatim Boughanem
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen De La Victoria University Hospital, University of Malaga (IBIMA), Spain and Centro De Investigacion Biomedica En Red Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (Ciberobn), Málaga, Spain
| | - Angel Diaz-Lagares
- Cancer Epigenetics, Translational Medical Oncology (Oncomet), Instituto De Investigacion Sanitaria De Santiago De Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario De Santiago De Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), and Centro De Investigacion Biomedica En Red Oncología (CIBERONC), Spain
| | - Isabel Arranz-Salas
- Unit of Anatomical Pathology, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Málaga, Spain
| | - Manel Esteller
- Josep Carreras Leukemia Research Institute (IJC), Badalona, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Centro De Investigacion Biomedica En Red Oncologia (CIBERONC), Madrid, Spain; Institucio Catalana De Recerca I Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain; Physiological Sciences Department, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen De La Victoria University Hospital, University of Malaga (IBIMA), Spain and Centro De Investigacion Biomedica En Red Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (Ciberobn), Málaga, Spain
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology Group. Instituto De Investigacion Sanitaria De Santiago De Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario De Santiago De Compostela (CHUS), Santiago De Compostela University (USC) and Centro De Investigacion Biomedica En Red Fisiopatologia De La Obesidad Y Nutricion (Ciberobn), Spain
| | - Manuel Macias-Gonzalez
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen De La Victoria University Hospital, University of Malaga (IBIMA), Spain and Centro De Investigacion Biomedica En Red Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition (Ciberobn), Málaga, Spain
| | - Ana B Crujeiras
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto De Investigacion Sanitaria De Santiago De Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario De Santiago De Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), and Centro De Investigacion Biomedica En Red Fisiopatologia De La Obesidad Y Nutricion (Ciberobn), Spain
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12
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Anguita-Ruiz A, Bustos-Aibar M, Plaza-Díaz J, Mendez-Gutierrez A, Alcalá-Fdez J, Aguilera CM, Ruiz-Ojeda FJ. Omics Approaches in Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle Addressing the Role of Extracellular Matrix in Obesity and Metabolic Dysfunction. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:2756. [PMID: 33803198 PMCID: PMC7963192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22052756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Revised: 03/03/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling plays important roles in both white adipose tissue (WAT) and the skeletal muscle (SM) metabolism. Excessive adipocyte hypertrophy causes fibrosis, inflammation, and metabolic dysfunction in adipose tissue, as well as impaired adipogenesis. Similarly, disturbed ECM remodeling in SM has metabolic consequences such as decreased insulin sensitivity. Most of described ECM molecular alterations have been associated with DNA sequence variation, alterations in gene expression patterns, and epigenetic modifications. Among others, the most important epigenetic mechanism by which cells are able to modulate their gene expression is DNA methylation. Epigenome-Wide Association Studies (EWAS) have become a powerful approach to identify DNA methylation variation associated with biological traits in humans. Likewise, Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) and gene expression microarrays have allowed the study of whole-genome genetics and transcriptomics patterns in obesity and metabolic diseases. The aim of this review is to explore the molecular basis of ECM in WAT and SM remodeling in obesity and the consequences of metabolic complications. For that purpose, we reviewed scientific literature including all omics approaches reporting genetic, epigenetic, and transcriptomic (GWAS, EWAS, and RNA-seq or cDNA arrays) ECM-related alterations in WAT and SM as associated with metabolic dysfunction and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Augusto Anguita-Ruiz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.A.-R.); (M.B.-A.); (J.P.-D.); (A.M.-G.); (F.J.R.-O.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Bustos-Aibar
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.A.-R.); (M.B.-A.); (J.P.-D.); (A.M.-G.); (F.J.R.-O.)
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Granada, Spain
| | - Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.A.-R.); (M.B.-A.); (J.P.-D.); (A.M.-G.); (F.J.R.-O.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Granada, Spain
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Andrea Mendez-Gutierrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.A.-R.); (M.B.-A.); (J.P.-D.); (A.M.-G.); (F.J.R.-O.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Alcalá-Fdez
- Department of Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain;
| | - Concepción María Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.A.-R.); (M.B.-A.); (J.P.-D.); (A.M.-G.); (F.J.R.-O.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology “José Mataix”, Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n., 18016 Granada, Spain
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain; (A.A.-R.); (M.B.-A.); (J.P.-D.); (A.M.-G.); (F.J.R.-O.)
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain
- RG Adipocytes and Metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, Neuherberg, 85764 Munich, Germany
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13
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Roberti A, Fernández AF, Fraga MF. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase: At the crossroads between cellular metabolism and epigenetic regulation. Mol Metab 2021; 45:101165. [PMID: 33453420 PMCID: PMC7868988 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Revised: 12/30/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The abundance of energy metabolites is intimately interconnected with the activity of chromatin-modifying enzymes in order to guarantee the finely tuned modulation of gene expression in response to cellular energetic status. Metabolism-induced epigenetic gene regulation is a key molecular axis for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis, and its deregulation is associated with several pathological conditions. Nicotinamide N-methyltransferase (NNMT) is a metabolic enzyme that catalyzes the methylation of nicotinamide (NAM) using the universal methyl donor S-adenosyl methionine (SAM), directly linking one-carbon metabolism with a cell's methylation balance and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) levels. NNMT expression and activity are regulated in a tissue-specific-manner, and the protein can act either physiologically or pathologically depending on its distribution. While NNMT exerts a beneficial effect by regulating lipid parameters in the liver, its expression in adipose tissue correlates with obesity and insulin resistance. NNMT upregulation has been observed in a variety of cancers, and increased NNMT expression has been associated with tumor progression, metastasis and worse clinical outcomes. Accordingly, NNMT represents an appealing druggable target for metabolic disorders as well as oncological and other diseases in which the protein is improperly activated. Scope of review This review examines emerging findings concerning the complex NNMT regulatory network and the role of NNMT in both NAD metabolism and cell methylation balance. We extensively describe recent findings concerning the physiological and pathological regulation of NNMT with a specific focus on the function of NNMT in obesity, insulin resistance and other associated metabolic disorders along with its well-accepted role as a cancer-associated metabolic enzyme. Advances in strategies targeting NNMT pathways are also reported, together with current limitations of NNMT inhibitor drugs in clinical use. Major conclusions NNMT is emerging as a key point of intersection between cellular metabolism and epigenetic gene regulation, and growing evidence supports its central role in several pathologies. The use of molecules that target NNMT represents a current pharmaceutical challenge for the treatment of several metabolic-related disease as well as in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Roberti
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), El Entrego, Spain; Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA) and Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Agustín F Fernández
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), El Entrego, Spain; Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA) and Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Oviedo, Spain
| | - Mario F Fraga
- Cancer Epigenetics and Nanomedicine Laboratory, Nanomaterials and Nanotechnology Research Center (CINN-CSIC), El Entrego, Spain; Health Research Institute of Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain; Institute of Oncology of Asturias (IUOPA) and Department of Organisms and Systems Biology (B.O.S.), University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain; Rare Diseases CIBER (CIBERER) of the Carlos III Health Institute (ISCIII), Oviedo, Spain.
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14
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Ramos-Lopez O, Milagro FI, Riezu-Boj JI, Martinez JA. Epigenetic signatures underlying inflammation: an interplay of nutrition, physical activity, metabolic diseases, and environmental factors for personalized nutrition. Inflamm Res 2021; 70:29-49. [PMID: 33231704 PMCID: PMC7684853 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-020-01425-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM AND OBJECTIVE Emerging translational evidence suggests that epigenetic alterations (DNA methylation, miRNA expression, and histone modifications) occur after external stimuli and may contribute to exacerbated inflammation and the risk of suffering several diseases including diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurological disorders. This review summarizes the current knowledge about the harmful effects of high-fat/high-sugar diets, micronutrient deficiencies (folate, manganese, and carotenoids), obesity and associated complications, bacterial/viral infections, smoking, excessive alcohol consumption, sleep deprivation, chronic stress, air pollution, and chemical exposure on inflammation through epigenetic mechanisms. Additionally, the epigenetic phenomena underlying the anti-inflammatory potential of caloric restriction, n-3 PUFA, Mediterranean diet, vitamin D, zinc, polyphenols (i.e., resveratrol, gallic acid, epicatechin, luteolin, curcumin), and the role of systematic exercise are discussed. METHODS Original and review articles encompassing epigenetics and inflammation were screened from major databases (including PubMed, Medline, Science Direct, Scopus, etc.) and analyzed for the writing of the review paper. CONCLUSION Although caution should be exercised, research on epigenetic mechanisms is contributing to understand pathological processes involving inflammatory responses, the prediction of disease risk based on the epigenotype, as well as the putative design of therapeutic interventions targeting the epigenome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - Fermin I Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008, Pamplona, Spain.
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain.
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Jose I Riezu-Boj
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - J Alfredo Martinez
- Department of Nutrition, Food Science and Physiology, Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 1 Irunlarrea Street, 31008, Pamplona, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
- CIBERobn, Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, Carlos III Health Institute, Madrid, Spain
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA-Food Institute (Madrid Institute for Advanced Studies), Madrid, Spain
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15
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Protocol for DNA Microarrays on Glass Slides. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 1986:17-33. [PMID: 31115883 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-9442-7_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The DNA microarray is a powerful, flexible, nonbiased discovery technology. Microarrays can be used to assess processes from gene expression to long noncoding RNAs to specific pathologies, as well as many others. This chapter describes the protocol for DNA microarray analysis of differential gene expression using DNA sequences spotted on microscope slides.
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16
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Zeng H, Larson KJ, Cheng WH, Bukowski MR, Safratowich BD, Liu Z, Hakkak R. Advanced liver steatosis accompanies an increase in hepatic inflammation, colonic, secondary bile acids and Lactobacillaceae/Lachnospiraceae bacteria in C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet. J Nutr Biochem 2020; 78:108336. [PMID: 32004929 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.108336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in Western countries, and the gut-liver axis is implicated in liver disease pathogenesis. We hypothesize that advanced liver steatosis accompanies an increase in hepatic inflammation, colonic secondary bile acids (BAs) and secondary BA-producing bacteria in mice fed a high-fat (HF) diet model of obesity. Four-week old male C57BL/6 mice were fed an HF (45% energy) or a low-fat (LF) (10% energy) diet for 21 weeks. At the end of the study, body weight and body fat percentage in the HF group were 0.23- and 0.41-fold greater than those in the LF group, respectively. Similarly, the HF group exhibited an increase in hepatic lipid droplets, inflammatory cell infiltration, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and hepatocellular ballooning (but without hepatic Mallory bodies) which are key histological features of advanced hepatic steatosis. Furthermore, RNA sequencing, qPCR and immunohistological methods found that nicotinamide n-methyltransferase and selenoprotein P, two inflammation-related hepatic genes, were upregulated in the HF group. Consistent with the hepatic inflammation, the levels of proinflammatory plasma-cytokines (TNF-α and IL6), colonic secondary BAs (LCA, DCA) and secondary BA producing bacteria (e.g., lactobacillaceae/Lachnospiraceae) were at least 0.5-fold greater in the HF group compared with the LF group. Taken together, the data demonstrate that advanced liver-steatosis is concurrent with an elevated level of hepatic inflammation, colonic secondary bile acids and their associated bacteria in mice fed an HF diet. These data suggest a potential gut-liver crosstalk at the stage of advanced liver-steatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huawei Zeng
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203.
| | - Kate J Larson
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203
| | - Wen-Hsing Cheng
- Department of Food Science, Nutrition and Health Promotion, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762
| | - Michael R Bukowski
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203
| | - Bryan D Safratowich
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Grand Forks Human Nutrition Research Center, Grand Forks, ND 58203
| | - Zhenhua Liu
- School of Public Health and Health Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003
| | - Reza Hakkak
- Departments of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205; Arkansas Children Research Institute, Little Rock, AR, 72202
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17
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Odintsova VV, Hagenbeek FA, Suderman M, Caramaschi D, van Beijsterveldt CEM, Kallsen NA, Ehli EA, Davies GE, Sukhikh GT, Fanos V, Relton C, Bartels M, Boomsma DI, van Dongen J. DNA Methylation Signatures of Breastfeeding in Buccal Cells Collected in Mid-Childhood. Nutrients 2019; 11:E2804. [PMID: 31744183 PMCID: PMC6893543 DOI: 10.3390/nu11112804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Breastfeeding has long-term benefits for children that may be mediated via the epigenome. This pathway has been hypothesized, but the number of empirical studies in humans is small and mostly done by using peripheral blood as the DNA source. We performed an epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) in buccal cells collected around age nine (mean = 9.5) from 1006 twins recruited by the Netherlands Twin Register (NTR). An age-stratified analysis examined if effects attenuate with age (median split at 10 years; n<10 = 517, mean age = 7.9; n>10 = 489, mean age = 11.2). We performed replication analyses in two independent cohorts from the NTR (buccal cells) and the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (peripheral blood), and we tested loci previously associated with breastfeeding in epigenetic studies. Genome-wide DNA methylation was assessed with the Illumina Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA) in the NTR and with the HumanMethylation450 Bead Chip in the ALSPAC. The duration of breastfeeding was dichotomized ('never' vs. 'ever'). In the total sample, no robustly associated epigenome-wide significant CpGs were identified (α = 6.34 × 10-8). In the sub-group of children younger than 10 years, four significant CpGs were associated with breastfeeding after adjusting for child and maternal characteristics. In children older than 10 years, methylation differences at these CpGs were smaller and non-significant. The findings did not replicate in the NTR sample (n = 98; mean age = 7.5 years), and no nearby sites were associated with breastfeeding in the ALSPAC study (n = 938; mean age = 7.4). Of the CpG sites previously reported in the literature, three were associated with breastfeeding in children younger than 10 years, thus showing that these CpGs are associated with breastfeeding in buccal and blood cells. Our study is the first to show that breastfeeding is associated with epigenetic variation in buccal cells in children. Further studies are needed to investigate if methylation differences at these loci are caused by breastfeeding or by other unmeasured confounders, as well as what mechanism drives changes in associations with age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronika V. Odintsova
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.I.B.)
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 101000, Russia
| | - Fiona A. Hagenbeek
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.I.B.)
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Suderman
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, Population Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Doretta Caramaschi
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, Population Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | | | - Noah A. Kallsen
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, SD 57101, USA
| | - Erik A. Ehli
- Avera Institute for Human Genetics, Sioux Falls, SD 57101, USA
| | | | - Gennady T. Sukhikh
- Kulakov National Medical Research Center for Obstetrics, Gynecology and Perinatology, Moscow 101000, Russia
| | - Vassilios Fanos
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Department of Surgical Sciences, AOU and University of Cagliari, 09121 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Caroline Relton
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Bristol Medical School, Population Health Science, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TH, UK
| | - Meike Bartels
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.I.B.)
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.I.B.)
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jenny van Dongen
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands (D.I.B.)
- Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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18
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Ruiz-Ojeda FJ, Méndez-Gutiérrez A, Aguilera CM, Plaza-Díaz J. Extracellular Matrix Remodeling of Adipose Tissue in Obesity and Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20194888. [PMID: 31581657 PMCID: PMC6801592 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20194888] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a network of different proteins and proteoglycans that controls differentiation, migration, repair, survival, and development, and it seems that its remodeling is required for healthy adipose tissue expansion. Obesity drives an excessive lipid accumulation in adipocytes, which provokes immune cells infiltration, fibrosis (an excess of deposition of ECM components such as collagens, elastin, and fibronectin) and inflammation, considered a consequence of local hypoxia, and ultimately insulin resistance. To understand the mechanism of this process is a challenge to treat the metabolic diseases. This review is focused at identifying the putative role of ECM in adipose tissue, describing its structure and components, its main tissue receptors, and how it is affected in obesity, and subsequently the importance of an appropriate ECM remodeling in adipose tissue expansion to prevent metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco Javier Ruiz-Ojeda
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- RG Adipocytes and metabolism, Institute for Diabetes and Obesity, Helmholtz Diabetes Center at Helmholtz Center Munich, 85764 Neuherberg, Munich, Germany.
| | - Andrea Méndez-Gutiérrez
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Concepción María Aguilera
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
- CIBEROBN (CIBER Physiopathology of Obesity and Nutrition), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain.
| | - Julio Plaza-Díaz
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology II, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria IBS.GRANADA, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Granada, 18014 Granada, Spain.
- Institute of Nutrition and Food Technology "José Mataix", Center of Biomedical Research, University of Granada, Avda. del Conocimiento s/n. 18016 Armilla, Granada, Spain.
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19
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Exploring the roles of MACIT and multiplexin collagens in stem cells and cancer. Semin Cancer Biol 2019; 62:134-148. [PMID: 31479735 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Revised: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is ubiquitously involved in neoplastic transformation, tumour growth and metastatic dissemination, and the interplay between tumour and stromal cells and the ECM is now considered crucial for the formation of a tumour-supporting microenvironment. The 28 different collagens (Col) form a major ECM protein family and display extraordinary functional diversity in tissue homeostasis as well as in pathological conditions, with functions ranging from structural support for tissues to regulatory binding activities and storage of biologically active cryptic domains releasable through ECM proteolysis. Two subfamilies of collagens, namely the plasma membrane-associated collagens with interrupted triple-helices (MACITs, including ColXIII, ColXXIII and ColXXV) and the basement membrane-associated collagens with multiple triple-helix domains with interruptions (multiplexins, including ColXV and ColXVIII), have highly interesting regulatory functions in tissue and organ development, as well as in various diseases, including cancer. An increasing, albeit yet sparse, data suggest that these collagens play crucial roles in conveying regulatory signals from the extracellular space to cells. We summarize here the current knowledge about MACITs and multiplexins as regulators of stemness and oncogenic processes, as well as their roles in influencing cell fate decisions in healthy and cancerous tissues. In addition, we present a bioinformatic analysis of the impacts of MACITs and multiplexins transcript levels on the prognosis of patients representing a wide array of malignant diseases, to aid future diagnostic and therapeutic efforts.
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20
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Williams AC, Hill LJ. Nicotinamide and Demographic and Disease transitions: Moderation is Best. Int J Tryptophan Res 2019; 12:1178646919855940. [PMID: 31320805 PMCID: PMC6610439 DOI: 10.1177/1178646919855940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Good health and rapid progress depend on an optimal dose of nicotinamide. Too little meat triggers the neurodegenerative condition pellagra and tolerance of symbionts such as tuberculosis (TB), risking dysbioses and impaired resistance to acute infections. Nicotinamide deficiency is an overlooked diagnosis in poor cereal-dependant economies masquerading as 'environmental enteropathy' or physical and cognitive stunting. Too much meat (and supplements) may precipitate immune intolerance and autoimmune and allergic disease, with relative infertility and longevity, via the tryptophan-nicotinamide pathway. This switch favours a dearth of regulatory T (Treg) and an excess of T helper cells. High nicotinamide intake is implicated in cancer and Parkinson's disease. Pro-fertility genes, evolved to counteract high-nicotinamide-induced infertility, may now be risk factors for degenerative disease. Moderation of the dose of nicotinamide could prevent some common diseases and personalised doses at times of stress or, depending on genetic background or age, may treat some other conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C Williams
- Department of Neurology, University
Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lisa J Hill
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Institute
of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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21
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FOXK2 Transcription Factor and Its Emerging Roles in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11030393. [PMID: 30897782 PMCID: PMC6468357 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11030393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 03/01/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Forkhead box (FOX) transcription factors compose a large family of regulators of key biological processes within a cell. FOXK2 is a member of FOX family, whose biological functions remain relatively unexplored, despite its description in the early nineties. More recently, growing evidence has been pointing towards a role of FOXK2 in cancer, which is likely to be context-dependent and tumour-specific. Here, we provide an overview of important aspects concerning the mechanisms of regulation of FOXK2 expression and function, as well as its complex interactions at the chromatin level, which orchestrate how it differentially regulates the expression of gene targets in pathophysiology. Particularly, we explore the emerging functions of FOXK2 as a regulator of a broad range of cancer features, such as cell proliferation and survival, DNA damage, metabolism, migration, invasion and metastasis. Finally, we discuss the prognostic value of assessing FOXK2 expression in cancer patients and how it can be potentially targeted for future anticancer interventions.
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22
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Gasperi V, Sibilano M, Savini I, Catani MV. Niacin in the Central Nervous System: An Update of Biological Aspects and Clinical Applications. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20040974. [PMID: 30813414 PMCID: PMC6412771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20040974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Niacin (also known as "vitamin B₃" or "vitamin PP") includes two vitamers (nicotinic acid and nicotinamide) giving rise to the coenzymatic forms nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADP). The two coenzymes are required for oxidative reactions crucial for energy production, but they are also substrates for enzymes involved in non-redox signaling pathways, thus regulating biological functions, including gene expression, cell cycle progression, DNA repair and cell death. In the central nervous system, vitamin B₃ has long been recognized as a key mediator of neuronal development and survival. Here, we will overview available literature data on the neuroprotective role of niacin and its derivatives, especially focusing especially on its involvement in neurodegenerative diseases (Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, and Huntington's diseases), as well as in other neuropathological conditions (ischemic and traumatic injuries, headache and psychiatric disorders).
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Gasperi
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Matteo Sibilano
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Isabella Savini
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
| | - Maria Valeria Catani
- Department of Experimental Medicine, Tor Vergata University of Rome, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy.
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23
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Williams AC, Hill LJ. Nicotinamide's Ups and Downs: Consequences for Fertility, Development, Longevity and Diseases of Poverty and Affluence. Int J Tryptophan Res 2018; 11:1178646918802289. [PMID: 30327578 PMCID: PMC6178124 DOI: 10.1177/1178646918802289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
To further explore the role of dietary nicotinamide in both brain development and diseases, particularly those of ageing. Articles cover neurodegenerative disease and cancer. Also discussed are the effects of nicotinamide, contained in meat and supplements and derived from symbionts, on the major transitions of disease and fertility from ancient times up to the present day. A key role for the tryptophan - NAD 'de novo' and immune tolerance pathway are discussed at length in the context of fertility and longevity and the transitions from immune paresis to Treg-mediated immune tolerance and then finally to intolerance and their associated diseases. Abstract: Nicotinamide in human evolution increased cognitive power in a positive feedback loop originally involving hunting. As the precursor to metabolic master molecule NAD it is, as vitamin B3, vital for health. Paradoxically, a lower dose on a diverse plant then cereal-based diet fuelled population booms from the Mesolithic onwards, by upping immune tolerance of the foetus. Increased tolerance of risky symbionts, whether in the gut or TB, that excrete nicotinamide co-evolved as buffers for when diet was inadequate. High biological fertility, despite disease trade-offs, avoided the extinction of Homo sapiens and heralded the dawn of a conscious, creative, and pro-fertility culture. Nicotinamide equity now would stabilise populations and prevent NAD-based diseases of poverty and affluence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian C Williams
- Department of Neurology, University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Lisa J Hill
- Institute of Clinical Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
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