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Bibi S, Kerbiriou C, Uzma, Mckirdy S, Kostrytsia A, Rasheed H, Eqani SAMAS, Gerasimidis K, Nurulain SM, Ijaz UZ. Gut microbiome and function are altered for individuals living in high fluoride concentration areas in Pakistan. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 284:116959. [PMID: 39232295 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2024] [Revised: 08/16/2024] [Accepted: 08/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/06/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Endemic fluorosis refers to the condition when individuals are exposed to excessive amounts of fluoride ion due to living in a region characterized by elevated levels of fluorine in the drinking water, food, and/or air. In Pakistan, a substantial proportion of the population is thereby affected, posing a public health concern. OBJECTIVES Assessing how the gut microbiota and its metabolic profiles are impacted by chronic exposure to fluoride in drinking water (that caused Dental Fluorosis) as well as to perceive how this microbiota is connected to adverse health outcomes prevailing with fluoride exposure. METHODS Drinking water (n=27) and biological samples (n=100) of blood, urine and feces were collected from 70 high fluoride exposed (with Dental Fluorosis) and 30 healthy control (without Dental Fluorosis) subjects. Water and urinary fluoride concentrations were determined. Serum/plasma biochemical testing was performed. Fecal DNA extraction, 16S rRNA analysis of microbial taxa, their predicted metabolic function and fecal short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) quantification were carried out. RESULTS The study revealed that microbiota taxonomic shifts and their metabolic characterization had been linked to certain host clinical parameters under the chronic fluoride exposure. Some sets of genera showed strong specificity to water and urine fluoride concentrations, Relative Fat Mass index and SCFAs. The SCFAs response in fluoride-exposed samples was observed to be correlated with bacterial taxa that could contribute to adverse health effects. CONCLUSIONS Microbial dysbiosis as a result of endemic fluorosis exhibits a structure that is associated with risk of metabolic deregulation and is implicated in various diseases. Our results may form the development of novel interventions and may have utility in diagnosis and monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Bibi
- Department of Biosciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, 45550, Pakistan; Water & Environment Research Group, University of Glasgow, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, Glasgow G11 6EW, UK
| | - Caroline Kerbiriou
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Uzma
- Water & Environment Research Group, University of Glasgow, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, Glasgow G11 6EW, UK
| | - Shona Mckirdy
- School of Medicine, Dentistry & Nursing, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow G31 2ER, UK
| | - Anastasiia Kostrytsia
- Water & Environment Research Group, University of Glasgow, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, Glasgow G11 6EW, UK
| | - Hifza Rasheed
- National Water Quality Laboratory, Pakistan Council of Research in Water Resources (PCRWR), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | | | | | | | - Umer Zeeshan Ijaz
- Water & Environment Research Group, University of Glasgow, Mazumdar-Shaw Advanced Research Centre, Glasgow G11 6EW, UK; Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7BE, UK; National University of Ireland, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.
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2
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Rathaus M, Azem L, Livne R, Ron S, Ron I, Hadar R, Efroni G, Amir A, Braun T, Haberman Y, Tirosh A. Long-term metabolic effects of non-nutritive sweeteners. Mol Metab 2024; 88:101985. [PMID: 38977130 PMCID: PMC11347859 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 07/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Excessive consumption of added sugars has been linked to the rise in obesity and associated metabolic abnormalities. Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) offer a potential solution to reduce sugar intake, yet their metabolic safety remains debated. This study aimed to systematically assess the long-term metabolic effects of commonly used NNSs under both normal and obesogenic conditions. METHODS To ensure consistent sweetness level and controlling for the acceptable daily intake (ADI), eight weeks old C57BL/6 male mice were administered with acesulfame K (ace K, 535.25 mg/L), aspartame (411.75 mg/L), sucralose (179.5 mg/L), saccharin (80 mg/L), or steviol glycoside (Reb M, 536.25 mg/L) in the drinking water, on the background of either regular or high-fat diets (in high fat diet 60% of calories from fat). Water or fructose-sweetened water (82.3.gr/L), were used as controls. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters, as well as microbiome composition, were analyzed following 20-weeks of exposure. RESULTS Under a regular chow diet, chronic NNS consumption did not significantly affect body weight, fat mass, or glucose metabolism as compared to water consumption, with aspartame demonstrating decreased glucose tolerance. In diet-induced obesity, NNS exposure did not increase body weight or alter food intake. Exposure to sucralose and Reb M led to improved insulin sensitivity and decreased weight gain. Reb M specifically was associated with increased prevalence of colonic Lachnospiracea bacteria. CONCLUSIONS Long-term consumption of commonly used NNSs does not induce adverse metabolic effects, with Reb M demonstrating a mild improvement in metabolic abnormalities. These findings provide valuable insights into the metabolic impact of different NNSs, aiding in the development of strategies to combat obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moran Rathaus
- The Dalia and David Arabov Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Loziana Azem
- The Dalia and David Arabov Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Rinat Livne
- The Dalia and David Arabov Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Sophie Ron
- The Dalia and David Arabov Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel
| | - Idit Ron
- The Dalia and David Arabov Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel
| | - Rotem Hadar
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Gilat Efroni
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Amnon Amir
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Tzipi Braun
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Israel
| | - Yael Haberman
- Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, affiliated with the Tel-Aviv University, Israel; Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center and the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Amir Tirosh
- The Dalia and David Arabov Endocrinology and Diabetes Research Center, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, Israel; Faculty of Medicine, Tel-Aviv University, Tel-Aviv, Israel.
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Feng J, Wan J, Guo P, Sun Y, Chen F, Chen Y, Sun Q, Zhang W, Liu X. A non-antibiotic erythromycin derivative improves muscle endurance by regulating endogenous anti-fatigue protein orosomucoid in mice. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2024; 51:e13873. [PMID: 38815994 DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.13873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/01/2024]
Abstract
At present, there are no official approved drugs for improving muscle endurance. Our previous research found acute phase protein orosomucoid (ORM) is an endogenous anti-fatigue protein, and macrolides antibiotics erythromycin can elevate ORM level to increase muscle bioenergetics and endurance parameters. Here, we further designed, synthesized and screened a new erythromycin derivative named HMS-01, which lost its antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo. Data showed that HMS-01 could time- and dose-dependently prolong mice forced-swimming time and running time, and improve fatigue index in isolated soleus muscle. Moreover, HMS-01 treatment could increase the glycogen content, mitochondria number and function in liver and skeletal muscle, as well as ORM level in these tissues and sera. In Orm-deficient mice, the anti-fatigue and glycogen-elevation activity of HMS-01 disappeared. Therefore, HMS-01 might act as a promising small molecule drug targeting ORM to enhance muscle endurance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayi Feng
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jingjing Wan
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Pengyue Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yang Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fei Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingyan Sun
- China Institute of Pharmaceutical Industry, Shanghai, China
| | - Weidong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
- Key Lab of Chinese Medicine Resources Conservation, State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xia Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
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García-Gavilán JF, Atzeni A, Babio N, Liang L, Belzer C, Vioque J, Corella D, Fitó M, Vidal J, Moreno-Indias I, Torres-Collado L, Coltell O, Toledo E, Clish C, Hernando J, Yun H, Hernández-Cacho A, Jeanfavre S, Dennis C, Gómez-Pérez AM, Martínez MA, Ruiz-Canela M, Tinahones FJ, Hu FB, Salas-Salvadó J. Effect of 1-year lifestyle intervention with energy-reduced Mediterranean diet and physical activity promotion on the gut metabolome and microbiota: a randomized clinical trial. Am J Clin Nutr 2024; 119:1143-1154. [PMID: 38428742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajcnut.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The health benefits of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) have been linked to the presence of beneficial gut microbes and related metabolites. However, its impact on the fecal metabolome remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVES Our goal was to investigate the weight-loss effects of a 1-y lifestyle intervention based on an energy-reduced MedDiet coupled with physical activity (intervention group), compared with an ad libitum MedDiet (control group), on fecal metabolites, fecal microbiota, and their potential association with cardiovascular disease risk factors. METHODS A total of 400 participants (200 from each study group), aged 55-75 y, and at high cardiovascular disease risk, were included. Dietary and lifestyle information, anthropometric measurements, blood biochemical parameters, and stool samples were collected at baseline and after 1 y of follow-up. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry was used to profile endogenous fecal metabolites, and 16S amplicon sequencing was employed to profile the fecal microbiota. RESULTS Compared with the control group, the intervention group exhibited greater weight loss and improvement in various cardiovascular disease risk factors. We identified intervention effects on 4 stool metabolites and subnetworks primarily composed of bile acids, ceramides, and sphingosines, fatty acids, carnitines, nucleotides, and metabolites of purine and the Krebs cycle. Some of these were associated with changes in several cardiovascular disease risk factors. In addition, we observed a reduction in the abundance of the genera Eubacterium hallii group and Dorea, and an increase in alpha diversity in the intervention group after 1 y of follow-up. Changes in the intervention-related microbiota profiles were also associated with alterations in different fecal metabolite subnetworks and some cardiovascular disease risk factors. CONCLUSIONS An intervention based on an energy-reduced MedDiet and physical activity promotion, compared with an ad libitum MedDiet, was associated with improvements in cardiometabolic risk factors, potentially through modulation of the fecal microbiota and metabolome. This trial was registered at https://www.isrctn.com/ as ISRCTN89898870 (https://doi.org/10.1186/ISRCTN89898870).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús F García-Gavilán
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentaciò, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Alessandro Atzeni
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentaciò, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.
| | - Nancy Babio
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentaciò, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Liming Liang
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Clara Belzer
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jesús Vioque
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Dolores Corella
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain
| | - Montserrat Fitó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d'Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Josep Vidal
- CIBER Diabetes y Enfermedades Metabólicas (CIBERDEM), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain; Department of Endocrinology, Institut d'Investigacions Biomédiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Hospital Clinic, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Moreno-Indias
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Laura Torres-Collado
- CIBER de Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria y Biomédica de Alicante, Universidad Miguel Hernández (ISABIAL-UMH), Alicante, Spain
| | - Oscar Coltell
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Computer Languages and Systems, Jaume I University, Castellón, Spain
| | - Estefanía Toledo
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Clary Clish
- Metabolomics Platform, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Javier Hernando
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, Institut Hospital del Mar de Investigaciones Médicas Municipal d'Investigació Médica (IMIM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Huan Yun
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Department of Biostatistics, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Adrián Hernández-Cacho
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentaciò, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Sarah Jeanfavre
- Metabolomics Platform, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Courtney Dennis
- Metabolomics Platform, The Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ana M Gómez-Pérez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Maria Angeles Martínez
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentaciò, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain
| | - Miguel Ruiz-Canela
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain; Epidemiología y Salud Pública, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco J Tinahones
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Málaga (IBIMA), Hospital Universitario Virgen de la Victoria, Málaga, Spain
| | - Frank B Hu
- Department of Nutrition, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, United States; Channing Division for Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jordi Salas-Salvadó
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición, Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain; Departament de Bioquímica i Biotecnologia, Alimentaciò, Nutrició, Desenvolupament i Salut Mental (ANUT-DSM), Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Spain; Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Reus, Spain.
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Khavandegar A, Heidarzadeh A, Angoorani P, Hasani-Ranjbar S, Ejtahed HS, Larijani B, Qorbani M. Adherence to the Mediterranean diet can beneficially affect the gut microbiota composition: a systematic review. BMC Med Genomics 2024; 17:91. [PMID: 38632620 PMCID: PMC11022496 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-024-01861-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024] Open
Abstract
AIM Dietary patterns could have a notable role in shaping gut microbiota composition. Evidence confirms the positive impact of the Mediterranean diet (MD), as one of the most studied healthy dietary patterns, on the gut microbiota profile. We conducted this systematic review to investigate the results of observational studies and clinical trials regarding the possible changes in the gut microbiota composition, metabolites, and clinical outcomes following adherence to MD in healthy cases or patients suffering from metabolic disorders. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted on PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases until October 2023. Two researchers separately screened the titles, abstracts, and then full-text of the articles and selected the relevant studies. Quality assessment of observational and interventional studies was performed by Newcastle-Ottawa and Cochrane checklists, respectively. RESULTS A total of 1637 articles were obtained during the initial search. Ultimately, 37 articles, including 17 observational and 20 interventional studies, were included in this systematic review. Ten observational and 14 interventional studies reported a correlation between MD adherence and microbiota diversity. Faecalibacterium and Prevotella were the most frequent bacterial genera with increased abundance in both observational and interventional studies; an Increment of Bacteroides genus was also reported in observational studies. Better glycemic control, lowering fat mass, better bowel movement, decreased bloating, inflammation, and hospitalization risk were the reported clinical outcomes. CONCLUSION Adherence to the MD is associated with significant beneficial changes in the gut microbiota diversity, composition, and functions and major clinical improvements in most populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Khavandegar
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
- Sina Trauma and Surgery Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Heidarzadeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pooneh Angoorani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Hasani-Ranjbar
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh-Sadat Ejtahed
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-Communicable Disease Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
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Lackner S, Mahnert A, Moissl-Eichinger C, Madl T, Habisch H, Meier-Allard N, Kumpitsch C, Lahousen T, Kohlhammer-Dohr A, Mörkl S, Strobl H, Holasek S. Interindividual differences in aronia juice tolerability linked to gut microbiome and metabolome changes-secondary analysis of a randomized placebo-controlled parallel intervention trial. MICROBIOME 2024; 12:49. [PMID: 38461313 PMCID: PMC10924357 DOI: 10.1186/s40168-024-01774-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aronia melanocarpa is a berry rich in polyphenols known for health benefits. However, the bioavailability of polyphenols has been questioned, and the individual taste acceptance of the fruit with its specific flavor varies. We recently observed substantial differences in the tolerability of aronia juice among healthy females, with half of the individuals tolerating aronia juice without complaints. Given the importance of the gut microbiome in food digestion, we investigated in this secondary analysis of the randomized placebo-controlled parallel intervention study (ClinicalTrials.gov registration: NCT05432362) if aronia juice tolerability was associated with changes in intestinal microbiota and bacterial metabolites, seeking for potential mechanistic insights into the impact on aronia polyphenol tolerance and metabolic outcomes. RESULTS Forty females were enrolled for this 6-week trial, receiving either 100 ml natural aronia juice (verum, V) twice daily or a polyphenol-free placebo (P) with a similar nutritional profile, followed by a 6-week washout. Within V, individuals were categorized into those who tolerated the juice well (Vt) or reported complaints (Vc). The gut microbiome diversity, as analyzed by 16S rRNA gene-based next-generation sequencing, remained unaltered in Vc but changed significantly in Vt. A MICOM-based flux balance analysis revealed pronounced differences in the 40 most predictive metabolites post-intervention. In Vc carbon-dioxide, ammonium and nine O-glycans were predicted due to a shift in microbial composition, while in Vt six bile acids were the most likely microbiota-derived metabolites. NMR metabolomics of plasma confirmed increased lipoprotein subclasses (LDL, VLDL) post-intervention, reverting after wash out. Stool samples maintained a stable metabolic profile. CONCLUSION In linking aronia polyphenol tolerance to gut microbiota-derived metabolites, our study explores adaptive processes affecting lipoprotein profiles during high polyphenol ingestion in Vt and examines effects on mucosal gut health in response to intolerance to high polyphenol intake in Vc. Our results underpin the importance of individualized hormetic dosing for beneficial polyphenol effects, demonstrate dynamic gut microbiome responses to aronia juice, and emphasize personalized responses in polyphenol interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonja Lackner
- Division of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexander Mahnert
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christine Moissl-Eichinger
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Tobias Madl
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
- BioTechMed-Graz, Mozartgasse 12/II, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Hansjörg Habisch
- Division of Medicinal Chemistry, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Nathalie Meier-Allard
- Division of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Kumpitsch
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Hygiene, Microbiology and Environmental Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Neue Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Theresa Lahousen
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Alexandra Kohlhammer-Dohr
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Auenbruggerplatz 31, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Sabrina Mörkl
- Division of Medical Psychology, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Auenbruggerplatz 3, 8036, Graz, Austria
| | - Herbert Strobl
- Division of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Sandra Holasek
- Division of Immunology, Otto Loewi Research Center for Vascular Biology, Immunology and Inflammation, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 6, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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7
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Ticinesi A, Nouvenne A, Cerundolo N, Parise A, Mena P, Meschi T. The interaction between Mediterranean diet and intestinal microbiome: relevance for preventive strategies against frailty in older individuals. Aging Clin Exp Res 2024; 36:58. [PMID: 38448632 PMCID: PMC10917833 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-024-02707-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024]
Abstract
Age-related changes in intestinal microbiome composition and function are increasingly recognized as pivotal in the pathophysiology of aging and are associated with the aging phenotype. Diet is a major determinant of gut-microbiota composition throughout the entire lifespan, and several of the benefits of a healthy diet in aging could be mediated by the microbiome. Mediterranean diet (MD) is a traditional dietary pattern regarded as the healthy diet paradigm, and a large number of studies have demonstrated its benefits in promoting healthy aging. MD has also a positive modulatory effect on intestinal microbiome, favoring bacterial taxa involved in the synthesis of several bioactive compounds, such as short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), that counteract inflammation, anabolic resistance, and tissue degeneration. Intervention studies conducted in older populations have suggested that the individual response of older subjects to MD, in terms of reduction of frailty scores and amelioration of cognitive function, is significantly mediated by the gut-microbiota composition and functionality. In this context, the pathophysiology of intestinal microbiome in aging should be considered when designing MD-based interventions tailored to the needs of geriatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ticinesi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy.
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Parma, Parma, Italy.
| | - Antonio Nouvenne
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Cerundolo
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Alberto Parise
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Pedro Mena
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Human Nutrition Unit, Department of Food and Drugs, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Tiziana Meschi
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Via Antonio Gramsci 14, 43126, Parma, Italy
- Microbiome Research Hub, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
- Geriatric-Rehabilitation Department, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Di Parma, Parma, Italy
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8
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dos Santos A, Galiè S. The Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis in Metabolic Syndrome and Sleep Disorders: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2024; 16:390. [PMID: 38337675 PMCID: PMC10857497 DOI: 10.3390/nu16030390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Over recent decades, a growing body of evidence has emerged linking the composition of the gut microbiota to sleep regulation. Interestingly, the prevalence of sleep disorders is commonly related to cardiometabolic comorbidities such as diabetes, impaired lipid metabolism, and metabolic syndrome (MetS). In this complex scenario, the role of the gut-brain axis as the main communicating pathway between gut microbiota and sleep regulation pathways in the brain reveals some common host-microbial biomarkers in both sleep disturbances and MetS. As the biological mechanisms behind this complex interacting network of neuroendocrine, immune, and metabolic pathways are not fully understood yet, the present systematic review aims to describe common microbial features between these two unrelated chronic conditions. RESULTS This systematic review highlights a total of 36 articles associating the gut microbial signature with MetS or sleep disorders. Specific emphasis is given to studies evaluating the effect of dietary patterns, dietary supplementation, and probiotics on MetS or sleep disturbances. CONCLUSIONS Dietary choices promote microbial composition and metabolites, causing both the amelioration and impairment of MetS and sleep homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano dos Santos
- Integrative Medicine Nutrition Department, ADS Vitality B.V., 2517 AS The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Serena Galiè
- Department of Experimental Oncology, European Institute of Oncology IRCCS, 20139 Milano, Italy;
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9
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Park G, Kadyan S, Hochuli N, Pollak J, Wang B, Salazar G, Chakrabarty P, Efron P, Sheffler J, Nagpal R. A modified Mediterranean-style diet enhances brain function via specific gut-microbiome-brain mechanisms. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2323752. [PMID: 38444392 PMCID: PMC10936641 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2323752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating brain disorder with rapidly mounting prevalence worldwide, yet no proven AD cure has been discovered. Using a multi-omics approach in a transgenic AD mouse model, the current study demonstrated the efficacy of a modified Mediterranean-ketogenic diet (MkD) on AD-related neurocognitive pathophysiology and underlying mechanisms related to the gut-microbiome-brain axis. The findings revealed that MkD induces profound shifts in the gut microbiome community and microbial metabolites. Most notably, MkD promoted growth of the Lactobacillus population, resulting in increased bacteria-derived lactate production. We discovered elevated levels of microbiome- and diet-derived metabolites in the serum as well, signaling their influence on the brain. Importantly, these changes in serum metabolites upregulated specific receptors that have neuroprotective effects and induced alternations in neuroinflammatory-associated pathway profiles in hippocampus. Additionally, these metabolites displayed strong favorable co-regulation relationship with gut-brain integrity and inflammatory markers, as well as neurobehavioral outcomes. The findings underscore the ameliorative effects of MkD on AD-related neurological function and the underlying gut-brain communication via modulation of the gut microbiome-metabolome arrays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gwoncheol Park
- The Gut Biome Lab, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Saurabh Kadyan
- The Gut Biome Lab, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Nathaniel Hochuli
- The Gut Biome Lab, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Julie Pollak
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Bo Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, FL, USA
| | - Gloria Salazar
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Paramita Chakrabarty
- Center for Translational Research in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Philip Efron
- Sepsis and Critical Illness Research Center, Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Julia Sheffler
- Center for Translational Behavioral Science, Department of Behavioral Sciences and Social Medicine, Florida State University College of Medicine, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Ravinder Nagpal
- The Gut Biome Lab, Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
- Department of Health, Nutrition, and Food Sciences, College of Education, Health, and Human Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
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10
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Zhu Z, Xu Y, Xia Y, Jia X, Chen Y, Liu Y, Zhang L, Chai H, Sun L. Review on chronic metabolic diseases surrounding bile acids and gut microbiota: What we have explored so far. Life Sci 2024; 336:122304. [PMID: 38016578 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Bile acid, the final product of cholesterol breakdown, functions as a complex regulator and signaling factor in human metabolism. Chronic metabolic diseases pose significant medical challenges. Growing research underscores bile acids' capacity to enhance metabolism via diverse pathways, regulating disorders and offering treatment potential. Numerous bile-acid-triggered pathways have become treatment targets. This review outlines bile acid synthesis, its role as a signal in chronic metabolic diseases, and highlights its interaction with gut microbiota in different metabolic conditions. Exploring host-bacteria-bile acid links emerges as a valuable future research direction with clinical implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzheng Zhu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuemiao Xu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuwei Xia
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinru Jia
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yixin Chen
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuyue Liu
- The First School of Clinical Medicine, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leyin Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Hangzhou TCM Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hui Chai
- School of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Leitao Sun
- Department of Medical Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University (Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine), Hangzhou, China; Academy of Chinese Medical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.
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11
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Jia X, Chen Q, Wu H, Liu H, Jing C, Gong A, Zhang Y. Exploring a novel therapeutic strategy: the interplay between gut microbiota and high-fat diet in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1291853. [PMID: 38192650 PMCID: PMC10773723 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1291853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In the past two decades, the rapid increase in the incidence of metabolic diseases, including obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, hypertension, and hyperuricemia, has been attributed to high-fat diets (HFD) and decreased physical activity levels. Although the phenotypes and pathologies of these metabolic diseases vary, patients with these diseases exhibit disease-specific alterations in the composition and function of their gut microbiota. Studies in germ-free mice have shown that both HFD and gut microbiota can promote the development of metabolic diseases, and HFD can disrupt the balance of gut microbiota. Therefore, investigating the interaction between gut microbiota and HFD in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases is crucial for identifying novel therapeutic strategies for these diseases. This review takes HFD as the starting point, providing a detailed analysis of the pivotal role of HFD in the development of metabolic disorders. It comprehensively elucidates the impact of HFD on the balance of intestinal microbiota, analyzes the mechanisms underlying gut microbiota dysbiosis leading to metabolic disruptions, and explores the associated genetic factors. Finally, the potential of targeting the gut microbiota as a means to address metabolic disturbances induced by HFD is discussed. In summary, this review offers theoretical support and proposes new research avenues for investigating the role of nutrition-related factors in the pathogenesis of metabolic disorders in the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokang Jia
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Qiliang Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Huiwen Wu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Hongbo Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Chunying Jing
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Aimin Gong
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Yuanyuan Zhang
- The Affiliated TCM Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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12
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Kortesniemi M, Noerman S, Kårlund A, Raita J, Meuronen T, Koistinen V, Landberg R, Hanhineva K. Nutritional metabolomics: Recent developments and future needs. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2023; 77:102400. [PMID: 37804582 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2023.102400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Metabolomics has rapidly been adopted as one of the key methods in nutrition research. This review focuses on the recent developments and updates in the field, including the analytical methodologies that encompass improved instrument sensitivity, sampling techniques and data integration (multiomics). Metabolomics has advanced the discovery and validation of dietary biomarkers and their implementation in health research. Metabolomics has come to play an important role in the understanding of the role of small molecules resulting from the diet-microbiota interactions when gut microbiota research has shifted towards improving the understanding of the activity and functionality of gut microbiota rather than composition alone. Currently, metabolomics plays an emerging role in precision nutrition and the recent developments therein are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maaria Kortesniemi
- Food Sciences Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turun yliopisto, Finland.
| | - Stefania Noerman
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Anna Kårlund
- Food Sciences Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turun yliopisto, Finland
| | - Jasmin Raita
- Food Sciences Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turun yliopisto, Finland
| | - Topi Meuronen
- Food Sciences Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turun yliopisto, Finland
| | - Ville Koistinen
- Food Sciences Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turun yliopisto, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Rikard Landberg
- Division of Food and Nutrition Science, Department of Life Sciences, Chalmers University of Technology, SE-412 96 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Kati Hanhineva
- Food Sciences Unit, Department of Life Technologies, University of Turku, FI-20014 Turun yliopisto, Finland; Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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13
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Navalón-Monllor V, Soriano-Romaní L, Silva M, de Las Hazas MCL, Hernando-Quintana N, Suárez Diéguez T, Esteve PM, Nieto JA. Microbiota dysbiosis caused by dietetic patterns as a promoter of Alzheimer's disease through metabolic syndrome mechanisms. Food Funct 2023; 14:7317-7334. [PMID: 37470232 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo01257c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
Microbiota dysbiosis and metabolic syndrome, consequences of a non-adequate diet, generate a feedback pathogenic state implicated in Alzheimer's disease development. The lower production of short chain fatty acids (SCFAs) under dysbiosis status leads to lipid homeostasis deregulation and decreases Angptl4 release and AMPK activation in the adipose tissue, promoting higher lipid storage (adipocyte hypertrophy) and cholesterol levels. Also, low SCFA generation reduces GPR41 and GPR43 receptor activation at the adipose tissue (increasing leptin release and leptin receptor resistance) and intestinal levels, reducing the release of GLP-1 and YPP. Therefore, lower satiety sensation and energy expenditure occur, promoting a weight gaining environment mediated by higher food intake and lipid storage, developing dyslipemia. In this context, higher glucose levels, together with higher free fatty acids in the bloodstream, promote glycolipotoxicity, provoking a reduction in insulin released, insulin receptor resistance, advanced glycation products (AGEs) and type 2 diabetes. Intestinal dysbiosis and low SCFAs reduce bacterial biodiversity, increasing lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-producing bacteria and intestinal barrier permeability. Higher amounts of LPS pass to the bloodstream (endotoxemia), causing a low-grade chronic inflammatory state characterized by higher levels of leptin, IL-1β, IL-6 and TNF-α, together with a reduced release of adiponectin and IL-10. At the brain and neuronal levels, the generated insulin resistance, low-grade chronic inflammation, leptin resistance, AGE production and LPS increase directly impact the secretase enzymes and tau hyperphosphorylation, creating an enabling environment for β-amyloid senile plaque and tau tangled formations and, as a consequence, Alzheimer's initiation, development and maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Víctor Navalón-Monllor
- Vithas Aguas Vivas Hospital, Carretera Alzira-Tavernes de Valldigna CV-50, Km 12, 46740, Carcaixent, Valencia, Spain
| | - Laura Soriano-Romaní
- Ainia Technological Centre, Calle Benjamin Franklin 5-11, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, E46980, 15 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Mariana Silva
- Bioactivity and Nutritional Immunology Group (BIOINUT), Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), Calle Pintor Sorolla 21, E46002, Valencia, Spain
| | - María-Carmen López de Las Hazas
- Laboratory of Epigenetics of Lipid Metabolism, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA)-Alimentación, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Teodoro Suárez Diéguez
- Academic Area of Nutrition, Institute of Health Sciences, Autonomous University of the State of Hidalgo, Abasolo 600, Colonia Centro, Pachuca de Soto, E42000, Hidalgo, Mexico
| | - Pere Morell Esteve
- Bioactivity and Nutritional Immunology Group (BIOINUT), Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), Calle Pintor Sorolla 21, E46002, Valencia, Spain
| | - Juan Antonio Nieto
- Ainia Technological Centre, Calle Benjamin Franklin 5-11, Parque Tecnológico de Valencia, E46980, 15 Paterna, Valencia, Spain.
- Bioactivity and Nutritional Immunology Group (BIOINUT), Faculty of Health Science, Universidad Internacional de Valencia (VIU), Calle Pintor Sorolla 21, E46002, Valencia, Spain
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Farias-Pereira R, Zuk JB, Khavaran H. Plant bioactive compounds from Mediterranean diet improve risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2023; 74:403-423. [PMID: 37415346 PMCID: PMC10399461 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2023.2232949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/08/2023]
Abstract
Mediterranean (Med) dietary pattern consists of moderate or high consumption of foods that are linked to reduced risk factors for metabolic syndrome (MetS). This comprehensive review evaluates studies on Med diet-representative foods and beverages, such as red wine and olive oil, to understand the inverse associations of Med diet and MetS. The intake of dietary fibre, unsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, and polyphenols - including flavonoids and stilbenes - help to explain the benefits of Med diet on abdominal adiposity, glucose intolerance, hyperlipidaemia, and high blood pressure to some extent. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of polyphenols as well as the effects of unsaturated fatty acids on lipid metabolism are part of the underlying mechanisms. Overall, this review shows that dietary interventions using Med diet components improve MetS health markers in humans and/or rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renalison Farias-Pereira
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua B. Zuk
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Hannah Khavaran
- Department of Plant Biology, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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15
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Mandalari G, Gervasi T, Rosenberg DW, Lapsley KG, Baer DJ. Effect of Nuts on Gastrointestinal Health. Nutrients 2023; 15:1733. [PMID: 37049572 PMCID: PMC10096892 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuts are high nutrient-dense foods containing healthy lipids, dietary fiber, and bioactive phytochemicals, including vitamins and minerals. Although the beneficial effect of nut consumption on different chronic diseases has been well documented, especially in relation to their cardiometabolic benefits, less scientific evidence is available on their possible beneficial effects on gastrointestinal health. In this narrative review, we summarize the most important findings and new research perspectives in relation to the importance of nut consumption on gastrointestinal health. The integrity of the cell wall structure, cell size and particle size after mastication are known to play a crucial role in energy, nutrient and bioactive release from nuts during digestion, therefore affecting bioaccessibility. Other mechanisms, such as cell wall composition, thickness and porosity, as well as stability of the membranes surrounding the oil bodies within the cell, are also important for energy extraction. As the undigested nutrients and phytochemicals are delivered to the colon, effects on gut microbiota composition are predicted. Although the overall effect of nut consumption on microbial alpha- and beta-diversity has been inconsistent, some scientific evidence suggests an increase in fecal butyrate after almond consumption, and a beneficial role of walnuts on the prevention of ulcerative colitis and protection against the development of gastric mucosal lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Mandalari
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Science, University of Messina, Viale Ferdinando Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Teresa Gervasi
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Daniel W. Rosenberg
- Centre for Molecular Oncology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030-3101, USA
| | | | - David J. Baer
- USDA, Agricultural Research Service, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA
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16
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Majait S, Nieuwdorp M, Kemper M, Soeters M. The Black Box Orchestra of Gut Bacteria and Bile Acids: Who Is the Conductor? Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24031816. [PMID: 36768140 PMCID: PMC9916144 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24031816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 01/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past decades the potential role of the gut microbiome and bile acids in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been revealed, with a special reference to low bacterial alpha diversity. Certain bile acid effects on gut bacteria concern cytotoxicity, or in the case of the microbiome, bacteriotoxicity. Reciprocally, the gut microbiome plays a key role in regulating the bile acid pool by influencing the conversion and (de)conjugation of primary bile acids into secondary bile acids. Three main groups of bacterial enzymes responsible for the conversion of bile acids are bile salt hydrolases (BSHs), hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases (HSDHs) and enzymes encoded in the bile acid inducible (Bai) operon genes. Interventions such as probiotics, antibiotics and fecal microbiome transplantation can impact bile acids levels. Further evidence of the reciprocal interaction between gut microbiota and bile acids comes from a multitude of nutritional interventions including macronutrients, fibers, prebiotics, specific individual products or diets. Finally, anatomical changes after bariatric surgery are important because of their metabolic effects. The heterogeneity of studies, diseases, bacterial species and (epi)genetic influences such as nutrition may challenge establishing specific and detailed interventions that aim to tackle the gut microbiome and bile acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumia Majait
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Kemper
- Department of Pharmacy and Clinical Pharmacy, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Maarten Soeters
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Center, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Correspondence:
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Bertram HC. NMR foodomics in the assessment of diet and effects beyond nutrients. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2023:00075197-990000000-00051. [PMID: 36942870 DOI: 10.1097/mco.0000000000000906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW This review provides an overview of most recent research studies employing nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabolomics in the assessment of effects of diet and food ingestion. RECENT FINDINGS NMR metabolomics is a useful tool in the elucidation of specific diets, for example, the Mediterranean diet, the New Nordic diet types, and also for comparing vegan, vegetarian and omnivore diets where specific diet-linked metabolite perturbations have been identified. Another core area where NMR metabolomics is employed involves research focused on examining specific food components or ingredients, including dietary fibers and other functional components. In several cases, NMR metabolomics has aided to document how specific food components exert effects on the metabolic activity of the gut microbiota. Research has also demonstrated the potential use of NMR metabolomics in assessing diet quality and interactions between specific food components such as meat and diet quality. The implications of these findings are important as they address that background diet can be decisive for if food items turn out to exert either harmful or health-promoting effects. SUMMARY NMR metabolomics can provide important mechanistic insight and aid to biomarker discovery with implications for compliance and food registration purposes.
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18
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Barone M, Garelli S, Rampelli S, Agostini A, Matysik S, D'Amico F, Krautbauer S, Mazza R, Salituro N, Fanelli F, Iozzo P, Sanz Y, Candela M, Brigidi P, Pagotto U, Turroni S. Multi-omics gut microbiome signatures in obese women: role of diet and uncontrolled eating behavior. BMC Med 2022; 20:500. [PMID: 36575453 PMCID: PMC9795652 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-022-02689-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and related co-morbidities represent a major health challenge nowadays, with a rapidly increasing incidence worldwide. The gut microbiome has recently emerged as a key modifier of human health that can affect the development and progression of obesity, largely due to its involvement in the regulation of food intake and metabolism. However, there are still few studies that have in-depth explored the functionality of the human gut microbiome in obesity and even fewer that have examined its relationship to eating behaviors. METHODS In an attempt to advance our knowledge of the gut-microbiome-brain axis in the obese phenotype, we thoroughly characterized the gut microbiome signatures of obesity in a well-phenotyped Italian female cohort from the NeuroFAST and MyNewGut EU FP7 projects. Fecal samples were collected from 63 overweight/obese and 37 normal-weight women and analyzed via a multi-omics approach combining 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing, metagenomics, metatranscriptomics, and lipidomics. Associations with anthropometric, clinical, biochemical, and nutritional data were then sought, with particular attention to cognitive and behavioral domains of eating. RESULTS We identified four compositional clusters of the gut microbiome in our cohort that, although not distinctly associated with weight status, correlated differently with eating habits and behaviors. These clusters also differed in functional features, i.e., transcriptional activity and fecal metabolites. In particular, obese women with uncontrolled eating behavior were mostly characterized by low-diversity microbial steady states, with few and poorly interconnected species (e.g., Ruminococcus torques and Bifidobacterium spp.), which exhibited low transcriptional activity, especially of genes involved in secondary bile acid biosynthesis and neuroendocrine signaling (i.e., production of neurotransmitters, indoles and ligands for cannabinoid receptors). Consistently, high amounts of primary bile acids as well as sterols were found in their feces. CONCLUSIONS By finding peculiar gut microbiome profiles associated with eating patterns, we laid the foundation for elucidating gut-brain axis communication in the obese phenotype. Subject to confirmation of the hypotheses herein generated, our work could help guide the design of microbiome-based precision interventions, aimed at rewiring microbial networks to support a healthy diet-microbiome-gut-brain axis, thus counteracting obesity and related complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Barone
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Garelli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola Polyclinic, Istituto Di Ricovero E Cure a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Rampelli
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Alessandro Agostini
- Department of Experimental, Diagnostic, and Specialty Medicine, S. Orsola Polyclinic, Istituto Di Ricovero E Cure a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silke Matysik
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Federica D'Amico
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Sabrina Krautbauer
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine, University Hospital Regensburg, 93053, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Roberta Mazza
- Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola Polyclinic, Istituto Di Ricovero E Cure a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy.,Present Address: Research Development - Life Sciences and Bioeconomy Unit, Research Services Division (ARIC), University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Nicola Salituro
- Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola Polyclinic, Istituto Di Ricovero E Cure a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Flaminia Fanelli
- Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola Polyclinic, Istituto Di Ricovero E Cure a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patricia Iozzo
- Institute of Clinical Physiology, National Research Council, 56124, Pisa, Italy
| | - Yolanda Sanz
- Microbial Ecology, Nutrition & Health Research Unit, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology, Spanish National Research Council (IATA-CSIC), 46980, Valencia, Spain
| | - Marco Candela
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy
| | - Patrizia Brigidi
- Microbiomics Unit, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Uberto Pagotto
- Unit of Endocrinology and Prevention and Care of Diabetes, Center for Applied Biomedical Research, S. Orsola Polyclinic, Istituto Di Ricovero E Cure a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS), Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Bologna, 40138, Bologna, Italy
| | - Silvia Turroni
- Unit of Microbiome Science and Biotechnology, Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126, Bologna, Italy.
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Ramos-Lopez O, Martinez JA, Milagro FI. Holistic Integration of Omics Tools for Precision Nutrition in Health and Disease. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14194074. [PMID: 36235725 PMCID: PMC9572439 DOI: 10.3390/nu14194074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The combination of multiple omics approaches has emerged as an innovative holistic scope to provide a more comprehensive view of the molecular and physiological events underlying human diseases (including obesity, dyslipidemias, fatty liver, insulin resistance, and inflammation), as well as for elucidating unique and specific metabolic phenotypes. These omics technologies include genomics (polymorphisms and other structural genetic variants), epigenomics (DNA methylation, histone modifications, long non-coding RNA, telomere length), metagenomics (gut microbiota composition, enterotypes), transcriptomics (RNA expression patterns), proteomics (protein quantities), and metabolomics (metabolite profiles), as well as interactions with dietary/nutritional factors. Although more evidence is still necessary, it is expected that the incorporation of integrative omics could be useful not only for risk prediction and early diagnosis but also for guiding tailored dietary treatments and prognosis schemes. Some challenges include ethical and regulatory issues, the lack of robust and reproducible results due to methodological aspects, the high cost of omics methodologies, and high-dimensional data analyses and interpretation. In this review, we provide examples of system biology studies using multi-omics methodologies to unravel novel insights into the mechanisms and pathways connecting the genotype to clinically relevant traits and therapy outcomes for precision nutrition applications in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Ramos-Lopez
- Medicine and Psychology School, Autonomous University of Baja California, Tijuana 22390, Mexico
- Correspondence:
| | - J. Alfredo Martinez
- Precision Nutrition and Cardiometabolic Health, IMDEA Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fermin I. Milagro
- Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Physiology, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Center for Nutrition Research, University of Navarra, 31008 Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBERobn), Institute of Health Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Navarra Institute for Health Research (IdiSNA), 31008 Pamplona, Spain
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20
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Chen YZ, Gu J, Chuang WT, Du YF, Zhang L, Lu ML, Xu JY, Li HQ, Liu Y, Feng HT, Li YH, Qin LQ. Slowly Digestible Carbohydrate Diet Ameliorates Hyperglycemia and Hyperlipidemia in High-Fat Diet/Streptozocin-Induced Diabetic Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 9:854725. [PMID: 35495933 PMCID: PMC9051025 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.854725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Given that the prevalence rate of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) continues to increase, it is important to find an effective method to prevent or treat this disease. Previous studies have shown that dietary intervention with a slowly digestible carbohydrate (SDC) diet can improve T2DM with almost no side effects. However, the underlying mechanisms of SDC protect against T2DM remains to be elucidated. Methods The T2DM mice model was established with a high-fat diet and streptozocin injection. Then, SDC was administered for 6 weeks. Bodyweight, food intake, organ indices, fasting blood glucose (FBG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and other biochemical parameters were measured. Histopathological and lipid accumulation analyses were performed, and the glucose metabolism-related gene expressions in the liver and skeletal muscle were determined. Lastly, colonic microbiota was also analyzed. Results SDC intervention alleviated the weight loss in the pancreas, lowered blood glucose and glycosylated hemoglobin levels, and improved glucose tolerance and HOMA-IR. SDC intervention improved serum lipid profile, adipocytokines levels, and lowered the lipid accumulation in the liver, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and epididymal visceral adipose tissue. In addition, SDC intervention increased the expression levels of IRS-2 and GLUT-2 in liver tissues and elevated GLUT-4 expression levels in skeletal muscle tissues. Notably, SDC intervention decreased the Bacteroidetes/Firmicutes ratio, increased Desulfovibrio and Lachnospiraceae genus levels, and inhibited the relative abundance of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Conclusions SDC intervention can improve hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia status in diabetic mice, suggesting that this intervention might be beneficial for T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Zhong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wei-Ting Chuang
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Ya-Fang Du
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Meng-Lan Lu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Jia-Ying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hao-Qiu Li
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
| | - Hao-Tian Feng
- Inner Mongolia Dairy Technology Research Institute Co., Ltd., Hohhot, China
- *Correspondence: Hao-Tian Feng
| | - Yun-Hong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Yun-Hong Li
| | - Li-Qiang Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
- Li-Qiang Qin
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21
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Lactobacillus reuteri CCFM8631 Alleviates Hypercholesterolaemia Caused by the Paigen Atherogenic Diet by Regulating the Gut Microbiota. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14061272. [PMID: 35334930 PMCID: PMC8953203 DOI: 10.3390/nu14061272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease has one of the highest global incidences and mortality rates. Atherosclerosis is the main cause of cardiovascular disease, and hypercholesterolaemia and hyperlipidaemia are the main risk factors for the development of atherosclerosis. Decreasing serum cholesterol and triglyceride concentrations is considered to be an effective strategy to prevent atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Previous studies have shown that many diseases are related to gut microbiota dysbiosis. The positive regulation of the gut microbiota by probiotics may prevent or treat certain diseases. In this study, Lactobacillus reuteri CCFM8631 treatment was shown to decrease plasma total cholesterol (TC), low-density lipoprotein–cholesterol, aspartate transaminase, alanine transaminase and trimethylamine N-oxide concentrations, decrease liver TC and malondialdehyde concentrations and recover liver superoxide dismutase concentrations in mice fed a Paigen atherogenic diet. In addition, L. reuteri increased the faecal short-chain fatty acid content (acetate, propionate and butyrate), which was accompanied by an increase in the relative abundance of faecal Deferribacteres, Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, Lactobacillus and Dubosiella; a decrease in the relative abundance of Erysipelatoclostridium and Romboutsia and the activation of butanoate and vitamin B6 metabolism, leading to the alleviation of hypercholesterolaemia.
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22
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Wu Z, Cheng W, Wang Z, Feng S, Zou H, Tan X, Yang Y, Wang Y, Zhang H, Dong M, Xiao Y, Tao S, Wei H. Intestinal Microbiota and Serum Metabolic Profile Responded to Two Nutritional Different Diets in Mice. Front Nutr 2022; 8:813757. [PMID: 35071302 PMCID: PMC8766985 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.813757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an interaction and bidirectional selection between dietary intake and gut microbiota due to the different efficiency of nutrients in the gut. The nutritional composition of germ-free (GF) diets differs significantly from specific pathogen-free (SPF) diets. There is, however, no data revealing how SPF animals from the same microbial background respond to them and if they affect the host. We examined the growth of SPF mice on the GF diet and found that it reduced body weight, intestinal length and intestinal morphology. Interestingly, the GF diet increased the level of pro-inflammatory bacteria in the gut of SPF mice, including Proteobacteria, Burkholderiaceae, Alloprevotella and Parasutterella. Furthermore, GF diets caused significant increases in malondialdehyde (MDA), IL-1β, IL-6, and D-lactate levels in the serum of SPF mice and significantly altered their serum metabolic profile, especially amino acid metabolism. In conclusion, GF diets are not suitable for the growth and development of SPF mice. These findings, based on the role of gut microbiota in diet selection, provide new insights into the scientific and rational use of experimental animal diets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhifeng Wu
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei Cheng
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhenyu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Shuaifei Feng
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Huicong Zou
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiang Tan
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yapeng Yang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuqing Wang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Miaomiao Dong
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yingping Xiao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Agro-product Safety and Nutrition, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyu Tao
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hong Wei
- College of Animal Sciences and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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23
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Ji X, Zhu L, Chang K, Zhang R, Chen Y, Yin H, Jin J, Zhao L. Chitooligosaccahrides: Digestion characterization and effect of the degree of polymerization on gut microorganisms to manage the metabolome functional diversity in vitro. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 275:118716. [PMID: 34742440 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2021.118716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Consumption of chitooligosaccharides (COS) prevents intestinal microecological disorder. The mechanisms for the effects of different COS on the gut microbiota are currently unclear. This study examined the impact of COS with different degrees of polymerization (DPs) on the gut microbial community and metabolic profile. COS significantly promoted the growth of Bacteroidetes, and inhibited that of Proteobacteria, which were significantly correlated with DPs. COS3 and COS2 enriched the butyrate production in microbial communities composed of Clostridium and Parabacteroides. Microbial communities enriched by DPs 4-6 COS displayed increased diversity in differential metabolite function. Several biomarkers were distinguished significantly, including unsaturated fatty acids, bile acids, indoles and amines, which are mainly related to processes such as fatty acid synthesis and decomposition, bile acid modification, and tryptophan metabolism. The results display the relationship among COS structure-gut microbes-metabolomics, providing a new perspective for COS as a functional food to improve intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoguo Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liangliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Kunlin Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Yijia Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Hao Yin
- Organ Transplant Center, Shanghai Chang-Zheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Jiayang Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China.
| | - Liming Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, R&D Center of Separation and Extraction Technology in Fermentation Industry, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China; Shanghai Collaborative Innovation Center for Biomanufacturing Technology (SCICBT), Shanghai 200237, China.
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