1
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Zhu Y, Yang S, Zhou T, Szostak M. [(NHC)Pd(OAc) 2]: Highly Active Carboxylate Pd(II)-NHC (NHC = N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Precatalysts for Suzuki-Miyaura and Buchwald-Hartwig Cross-Coupling of Amides by N-C(O) Activation. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38950123 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/03/2024]
Abstract
In the past eight years, the selective cross-coupling of amides by N-C(O) bond activation has emerged as a highly attractive manifold for the manipulation of traditionally unreactive amide bonds. In this Special Issue on Next-Generation Cross-Coupling Chemistry, we report the Suzuki-Miyaura and Buchwald-Hartwig cross-coupling of amides by selective N-C(O) cleavage catalyzed by bench-stable, well-defined carboxylate Pd(II)-NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic carbene) catalysts {[(NHC)Pd(O2CR)2]}. This class of Pd(II)-NHCs promotes cross-coupling under exceedingly mild room-temperature conditions owing to the facile dissociation of the carboxylate ligands to form the active complex. These readily accessible Pd(II)-NHC precatalysts show excellent functional group tolerance and are compatible with a broad range of amide activating groups. Considering the mild conditions for the cross-coupling and the facile access to carboxylate Pd(II)-NHC complexes, we anticipate that this class of bench-stable complexes will find wide application in the activation of amide N-C(O) and related acyl X-C(O) bonds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawei Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Shiyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Tongliang Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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2
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Samuel Rajan IAP, Rajendran S. DABCO-catalyzed esterification of N-pivaloyl-activated amides. Org Biomol Chem 2024; 22:5170-5180. [PMID: 38864233 DOI: 10.1039/d4ob00752b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
A previously elusive organocatalytic protocol for the esterification of amides is disclosed. DABCO (10 mol%) is identified as an effective catalyst for the esterification of N-pivaloyl amides. Although N-pivaloyl amides are nearly planar (amide bond twist (τ) = 4.54° and pyramidalization (χN = 6.39°)) and resonance stabilized, esterification is achieved with high efficiency. The developed protocol is generic, phenols, thiophenols, aliphatic alcohols, and thiols were identified as effective substrates. Furthermore, the reaction features a broad substrate scope and excellent functional group tolerance. To exemplify the practical applicability of the developed protocol, the esterification of bioactive natural products, pterostilbene and menthol, is demonstrated. In addition, a series of competitive experiments were conducted to establish the reactivity pattern of alcohols, thiols, and phenols, which could serve as selectivity principles for future synthetic design. Our findings signify a notable advancement in utilizing amides as versatile synthetic building blocks in organic synthesis under metal-free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ida Angel Priya Samuel Rajan
- Dept. of Chemistry, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus, Vandalur-Kelambakkam Road, Chennai - 600127, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Saravanakumar Rajendran
- Dept. of Chemistry, Vellore Institute of Technology Chennai Campus, Vandalur-Kelambakkam Road, Chennai - 600127, Tamil Nadu, India.
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3
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Eren S, Özyurt İ. Waterless Dyeing of Polyamide 6.6. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1472. [PMID: 38891419 PMCID: PMC11175004 DOI: 10.3390/polym16111472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Revised: 05/16/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Waterless dyeing of polyamide 6.6 using scCO2 (supercritical carbon dioxide) was investigated. PA (polyamide) fibers can be dyed with various dyes, including disperse dyes. The conventional aqueous dyeing process uses large amounts of water and produces polluted water. Considering these environmental issues, waterless dyeing of fibers is a forefront issue, and utilization of supercritical carbon dioxide (scCO2) is a commercially viable technology for waterless dyeing. This study tested PA6.6 (polyamide 6.6) dyeing in scCO2 at 100 °C 220 bar pressure for 45 min. Color measurements and color fastness tests were performed, as well as tensile strength, scanning electron microscope (SEM) analysis, and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis. PA6.6 fabrics yielded higher K/S (color strength, the Kubelka-Munk equation) values with larger molecular weight dye and almost the same color strength with medium and small-sized dyes, demonstrating the ability of dyeing in a supercritical environment without water as a more environmentally friendly dyeing option compared to conventional dyeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semiha Eren
- Textile Engineering Department, Bursa Uludag University, Bursa 16059, Türkiye
| | - İrem Özyurt
- Karesi Polyester Company, R&D Center, Bursa 16370, Türkiye;
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4
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Sagar S, Nath P, Kisan DA, Karmakar H, Ray A, Sarkar A, Panda TK. Unprecedented ROP of quinazolinones to polyacylamidines using a cesium catalyst. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:5542-5545. [PMID: 38699830 DOI: 10.1039/d4cc00491d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
Unprecedented ring-opening polymerization of quinazolinones to produce novel polyacylamidines, led by a unique cooperation between a cesium metal center and imino-phosphanamidinate ligand, was developed. Morphological studies revealed the formation of a unique macromolecular assembly producing nanofibers in the absence of a templating agent with excellent control of molecular weights and polydispersity index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shweta Sagar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, 502 284, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
| | - Priyanku Nath
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, 502 284, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
| | - Devadkar Ajitrao Kisan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, 502 284, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
| | - Himadri Karmakar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, 502 284, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
| | - Aranya Ray
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, 502 284, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
| | - Alok Sarkar
- Momentive Performance Materials Pvt. Ltd, Survey No. 09, Hosur Road, Electronic City (west), Bangalore-560100, India.
| | - Tarun K Panda
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Hyderabad, Kandi, 502 284, Sangareddy, Telangana, India.
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5
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Zhang Y, Wu F, Yang HY, Wang G, Ren ZH, Guan ZH. Synthesis of Cycloaliphatic Polyamides via Palladium-Catalyzed Hydroaminocarbonylative Polymerization. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12883-12888. [PMID: 38709642 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Polyamides represent one class of materials that is important in modern society. Because of the numerous potential applications of polyamides in various fields, there is a high demand for new polyamide structures, which necessitates the development of new polymerization methods. Herein, we report a novel and efficient palladium-catalyzed hydroaminocarbonylative polymerization of dienes and diamines for the synthesis of cycloaliphatic polyamides. The method employs readily available starting materials, proceeds in an atom-economic manner, and creates a series of new functional polyamides in high yields and high molecular weights. In contrast with the traditional polyamides based on adipic acid, the cycloaliphatic polyamides have superior thermal resistance, higher glass-transition temperature, and better solubility in common organic solvents, thus probably featuring the merits of high-performance and good processability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaodu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Fei Wu
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Hui-Yi Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Zhi-Hui Ren
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Zheng-Hui Guan
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, Department of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
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6
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Roth S, Gandomkar S, Rossi F, Hall M. Mild hydrolysis of chemically stable valerolactams by a biocatalytic ATP-dependent system fueled by metaphosphate. GREEN CHEMISTRY : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL AND GREEN CHEMISTRY RESOURCE : GC 2024; 26:4498-4505. [PMID: 38654979 PMCID: PMC11033972 DOI: 10.1039/d3gc04434c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Medium-sized 5- and 6-membered ring lactams are molecules with remarkable stability, in contrast to smaller β-lactams. As monomers, they grant access to nylon-4 and nylon-5, which are alternative polyamides to widespread caprolactam-based nylon-6. Chemical hydrolysis of monocyclic γ- and δ-lactams to the corresponding amino acids requires harsh reaction conditions and up to now, no mild (enzymatic) protocol has been reported. Herein, the biocatalytic potential of a pair of heterologously expressed bacterial ATP-dependent oxoprolinases - OplA and OplB - was exploited. Strong activity in the presence of excess of ATP was monitored on δ-valerolactam and derivatives thereof, while trace activity was detected on γ-butyrolactam. An ATP recycling system based on cheap Graham's salt (sodium metaphosphate) and a polyphosphate kinase allowed the use of catalytic amounts of ATP, leading to up to full conversion of 10 mM δ-valerolactam at 30 °C in aqueous medium. Further improvements were obtained by co-expressing OplA and OplB using the pETDuet1 vector, a strategy which enhanced the soluble expression yield and the protein stability. Finally, a range of phosphodonors was investigated in place of ATP. With acetyl phosphate and carbamoyl phosphate, turnover numbers up to 176 were reached, providing hints on a possible mechanism, which was studied by 31P-NMR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Roth
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Somayyeh Gandomkar
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Federico Rossi
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
| | - Mélanie Hall
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
- BioHealth, University of Graz Heinrichstrasse 28 8010 Graz Austria
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7
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Gan D, Liu Y, Hu T, Fan S, Cui L, Liao G, Xie Z, Zhu X, Yang K. Pseudo-Eutectic of Isodimorphism to Design Biaxially-Oriented Bio-Based PA56/512 with High Strength, Toughness and Barrier Performances. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:1176. [PMID: 38675095 PMCID: PMC11053481 DOI: 10.3390/polym16081176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
The biaxially-oriented PA56/512 has excellent mechanical strength, extensibility and water-oxygen barrier properties and has broad application prospects in green packaging, lithium battery diaphragm and medical equipment materials. The correlation between the aggregation structure evolution and macroscopic comprehensive properties of copolymer PA56/512 under biaxial stretching has been demonstrated in this work. The structure of the random copolymerization sequence was characterized by 13C Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR). The typical isodimorphism behavior of the co-crystallization system of PA56/512 and its BOPA-56/512 films was revealed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) tests. And the aggregation structure, including the hydrogen bond arrangement, crystal structure and crystal morphology of PA56/512 before and after biaxial stretching, was investigated by XRD, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and polarized optical microscopy (POM) tests. Furthermore, the effect of the biaxially-oriented stretching process on the mechanical properties of PA56/512 has been demonstrated. In addition, a deep insight into the influence of the structure on the crystallization process and physical-mechanical performance has been presented. The lowest melting point at a 512 content of 60 mol% is regarded as a "eutectic" point of the isodimorphism system. Due to the high disorder of the structural units in the polymer chain, the transition degree of the folded chain (gauche conformation) is relatively lowest when it is straightened to form an extended chain (trans conformation) during biaxially-oriented stretching, and part of the folded chain can be retained. This explains why biaxially stretched PA56/512 has high strength, outstanding toughness and excellent barrier properties at the pseudo-eutectic point. In this study, using the unique multi-scale aggregation structure characteristics of a heterohomodymite polyamide at the pseudo-eutectic point, combined with the new material design scheme and the idea of biaxial-stretching processing, a new idea for customized design of high-performance multifunctional polyamide synthetic materials is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diansong Gan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (D.G.); (S.F.); (L.C.); (G.L.); (Z.X.); (X.Z.)
- Zhuzhou Times Engineering Plastics Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412008, China;
| | - Yuejun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (D.G.); (S.F.); (L.C.); (G.L.); (Z.X.); (X.Z.)
| | - Tianhui Hu
- Zhuzhou Times Engineering Plastics Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412008, China;
| | - Shuhong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (D.G.); (S.F.); (L.C.); (G.L.); (Z.X.); (X.Z.)
| | - Lingna Cui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (D.G.); (S.F.); (L.C.); (G.L.); (Z.X.); (X.Z.)
| | - Guangkai Liao
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (D.G.); (S.F.); (L.C.); (G.L.); (Z.X.); (X.Z.)
| | - Zhenyan Xie
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (D.G.); (S.F.); (L.C.); (G.L.); (Z.X.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xiaoyu Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China; (D.G.); (S.F.); (L.C.); (G.L.); (Z.X.); (X.Z.)
| | - Kejian Yang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
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8
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Li J, Yi Y, Wang C, Lu W, Liao M, Jing X, Wang W. An Intrinsically Transparent Polyamide Film with Superior Toughness and Great Optical Performance. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:599. [PMID: 38475284 DOI: 10.3390/polym16050599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/14/2024] [Accepted: 02/20/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Polyamide 66 was extensively utilized in various applications contributed by its excellent mechanical performance and outstanding durability. However, its high crystallinity renders it to have low transparency, which seriously limits its application in optical devices. Herein, a highly transparent polyamide (PA) 66-based copolymer was reported using 4,4'-diaminodicyclohexylmethane (PACM), adipic acid, and polyamide 66 salt as the reaction monomers. Wide-angle X-ray diffraction (WAXD) analysis revealed that the crystal phase of the synthesized PA66/PACM6 displayed a clear transition from α to γ as the PACM6 increased accompanied by a decreased intensity in the diffraction peak of the copolymer, whose transmittance was successfully adjusted reaching as high as 92.5% (at 550 nm) when the PACM6 was 40 wt%. Moreover, the copolymer with a higher content of PACM6 exhibited larger toughness. On the other hand, the biaxially oriented films of PA66/PACM6 (20 wt%) were also prepared, and it was found that the transparency of the PA66/PACM6 copolymer could be further enhanced via adjusting the stretching ratio of the film. Furthermore, the mechanical strength of the biaxially oriented PA66/PACM6 was also improved with the increase in the orientation degree in the stretching process, indicating that the physical properties of the transparent PA66 were significantly influenced by its alicyclic structure, and the introduction of PACM into PA66 was capable of effectively improving the optical and crystalline characteristics of PA66, revealing that the synthetic strategy has great potential for guiding the design and development of transparent polyamide materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianlin Li
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yong Yi
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Weijian Lu
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Mingxi Liao
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Xin Jing
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Wenzhi Wang
- National & Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Advanced Packaging Material and Technology, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
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Huang H, Zheng S, Luo J, Gao L, Fang Y, Zhang Z, Dong J, Hadjichristidis N. Step-growth Polymerization of Aziridines with Elemental Sulfur: Easy Access to Linear Polysulfides and Their Use as Recyclable Adhesives. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202318919. [PMID: 38169090 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202318919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
The bulk radical polymerization of bis(aziridine) with molten elemental sulfur resulted in brittle, cross-linked polymers. However, when the bis(aziridine) was treated with elemental sulfur in the presence of an organobase, the ring-opening reaction of aziridine with oligosulfide anions occurred, leading to the formation of linear polymers by step-growth polymerization. These newly synthesized polymers possess repeating units containing a sulfonamide or amide functional moiety and oligosulfide bonds with an average sulfur segment of about two. A small molecular model reaction confirmed the nucleophilic addition reaction of elemental sulfur to aziridine. It was verified that S-S dynamic bond exchange takes place in the presence of an organic base within the linear chains. The mixture of the synthesized polysulfides with pyridine exhibits exceptional adhesive properties when applied to steel, and aluminum substrates. Notably, these prepared adhesives displayed good reusability due to the dynamic S-S exchange and complete recyclability due to their solution processability. This elemental sulfur-involved polymerization approach represents an innovative method for the synthesis of advanced sulfur-containing polymers, demonstrating the potential for various applications in adhesives and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huishan Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Shuojia Zheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Jiye Luo
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
| | - Liang Gao
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang, 515200, China
| | - Yanxiong Fang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang, 515200, China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang, 515200, China
| | - Jinxiang Dong
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, P. R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Laboratory of Chemistry and Fine Chemical Engineering Jieyang Center, Jieyang, 515200, China
| | - Nikos Hadjichristidis
- Physical Sciences and Engineering Division, KAUST Catalysis Center, Polymer Synthesis Laboratory, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal, 23955, Saudi Arabia
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10
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Cai Y, Zhao Y, Tang K, Zhang H, Mo X, Chen J, Huang Y. Amide C-N bonds activation by A new variant of bifunctional N-heterocyclic carbene. Nat Commun 2024; 15:496. [PMID: 38216571 PMCID: PMC10786861 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-44756-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024] Open
Abstract
We report an organocatalyst that combines a triazolium N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) with a squaramide as a hydrogen-bonding donor (HBD), which can effectively catalyze the atroposelective ring-opening of biaryl lactams via a unique amide C-N bond cleavage mode. The free carbene species attacks the amide carbonyl, forming an axially chiral acyl-azolium intermediate. Various axially chiral biaryl amines can be accessed by this methodology with up to 99% ee and 99% yield. By using mercaptan as a catalyst turnover agent, the resulting thioester synthon can be transformed into several interesting atropisomers. Both control experiments and theoretical calculations reveal the crucial role of the hybrid NHC-HBD skeleton, which activates the amide via H-bonding and brings it spatially close to the carbene centre. This discovery illustrates the potential of the NHC-HBD chimera and demonstrates a complementary strategy for amide bond activation and manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxing Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, 518055, Shenzhen, China
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518118, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yuxin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kai Tang
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518118, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518118, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xueling Mo
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518118, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jiean Chen
- Pingshan Translational Medicine Center, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, 518118, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Yong Huang
- Department of Chemistry, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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11
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Mohanty A, Sadhukhan S, Nayak MK, Roy S. Aminocarbonylation Reaction Using a Pd-Sn Heterobimetallic Catalyst: Three-Component Coupling for Direct Access of the Amide Functionality. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38183309 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
A heterobimetallic "Pd-Sn" catalyst, namely, PdCl(PPh3)2SnCl3, efficiently catalyzes the aminocarbonylation reaction of aryl iodides with amines under the atmospheric pressure of CO in the absence of a base and additive. Primary, secondary, and alkyl amines all afforded the corresponding amides in good to excellent yields with high selectivity. A broad range of functional groups were tolerated. The method was further extended to the synthesis of biologically active isoindoline-1,3-diones in the presence of triethylamine. A mechanism is proposed for the reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Mohanty
- Organometallics & Catalysis Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Arugul, Khurda, Jatani, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Soheli Sadhukhan
- Organometallics & Catalysis Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Arugul, Khurda, Jatani, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Mukesh Kumar Nayak
- Organometallics & Catalysis Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Arugul, Khurda, Jatani, Odisha 752050, India
| | - Sujit Roy
- Organometallics & Catalysis Laboratory, School of Basic Sciences Indian Institute of Technology Bhubaneswar Arugul, Khurda, Jatani, Odisha 752050, India
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12
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Chen CW, Ranganathan P, Mutharani B, Shiu JW, Rwei SP, Chang YH, Chiu FC. Synthesis of High-Value Bio-Based Polyamide 12,36 Microcellular Foams with Excellent Dimensional Stability and Shape Recovery Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:159. [PMID: 38201824 PMCID: PMC10780462 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The search for alternatives to petroleum-based thermoplastic polyamide elastomers (TPAEs) has recently drawn great interest. In this study, a bio-massed TPAE, PA12,36, was synthesized using 1,12-dodecanediamine (DDA) and fatty dimer acid (FDA, PripolTM1009) precursors via catalyst and solvent-free melt polycondensation. The molecular structure and molecular weight of the PA12,36 were characterized by 1H NMR, FTIR, and GPC. PA12,36 displayed a low melting temperature of 85.8 °C, an initial degradation temperature of 425 °C, and a glass-transition temperature of 30.4 °C, whereas it sustained satisfactory tensile strength (10.0 MPa) and superior strain at break (1378%). Furthermore, PA12,36 was foamed by supercritical CO2, and the cell size, cell density, and porosity were determined. The entangled long-chained FDA component generated a physically crosslinked network, which promoted the melt viscosity of PA12,36 against elongations of foam cell growth and increased foamability significantly. As a result, uniform structured cellular foams with a cell diameter of 15-24 µm and high cell density (1011 cells/cm3-1012 cells/cm3) were successfully achieved. The foaming window was widened from 76 to 81 °C, and the expansion ratio was increased from 4.8 to 9.6. Additionally, PA12,36 foam with a physically crosslinked structure presented a better creep shape recovery percentage (92-97.9%) and sturdier dimensional stability. This bio-based PA12,36 foam is a promising candidate to replace petroleum-based thermoplastic elastomer foams for engineering applications, particularly shoe soles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Wen Chen
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (P.R.); (J.-W.S.)
| | - Palraj Ranganathan
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (P.R.); (J.-W.S.)
| | | | - Jia-Wei Shiu
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (P.R.); (J.-W.S.)
| | - Syang-Peng Rwei
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering, Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (C.-W.C.); (P.R.); (J.-W.S.)
| | - Yen-Hsiang Chang
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
| | - Fang-Chyou Chiu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Chang Gung University, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
- Department of General Dentistry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan;
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13
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Alijagic A, Kotlyar O, Larsson M, Salihovic S, Hedbrant A, Eriksson U, Karlsson P, Persson A, Scherbak N, Färnlund K, Engwall M, Särndahl E. Immunotoxic, genotoxic, and endocrine disrupting impacts of polyamide microplastic particles and chemicals. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2024; 183:108412. [PMID: 38183898 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2023.108412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Due to their exceptional properties and cost effectiveness, polyamides or nylons have emerged as widely used materials, revolutionizing diverse industries, including industrial 3D printing or additive manufacturing (AM). Powder-based AM technologies employ tonnes of polyamide microplastics to produce complex components every year. However, the lack of comprehensive toxicity assessment of particulate polyamides and polyamide-associated chemicals, especially in the light of the global microplastics crisis, calls for urgent action. This study investigated the physicochemical properties of polyamide-12 microplastics used in AM, and assessed a number of toxicity endpoints focusing on inflammation, immunometabolism, genotoxicity, aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation, endocrine disruption, and cell morphology. Specifically, microplastics examination by means of field emission scanning electron microscopy revealed that work flow reuse of material created a fraction of smaller particles with an average size of 1-5 µm, a size range readily available for uptake by human cells. Moreover, chemical analysis by means of gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry detected several polyamide-associated chemicals including starting material, plasticizer, thermal stabilizer/antioxidant, and migrating slip additive. Even if polyamide particles and chemicals did not induce an acute inflammatory response, repeated and prolonged exposure of human primary macrophages disclosed a steady increase in the levels of proinflammatory chemokine Interleukin-8 (IL-8/CXCL-8). Moreover, targeted metabolomics disclosed that polyamide particles modulated the kynurenine pathway and some of its key metabolites. The p53-responsive luciferase reporter gene assay showed that particles per se were able to activate p53, being indicative of a genotoxic stress. Polyamide-associated chemicals triggered moderate activation of AhR and elicited anti-androgenic activity. Finally, a high-throughput and non-targeted morphological profiling by Cell Painting assay outlined major sites of bioactivity of polyamide-associated chemicals and indicated putative mechanisms of toxicity in the cells. These findings reveal that the increasing use of polyamide microplastics may pose a potential health risk for the exposed individuals, and it merits more attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andi Alijagic
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden; Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden.
| | - Oleksandr Kotlyar
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden; Centre for Applied Autonomous Sensor Systems (AASS), Mobile Robotics and Olfaction Lab (MRO), Örebro University, SE-701 82 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Maria Larsson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Samira Salihovic
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Alexander Hedbrant
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Eriksson
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Patrik Karlsson
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Alexander Persson
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Nikolai Scherbak
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | | | - Magnus Engwall
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Center (MTM), Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
| | - Eva Särndahl
- Inflammatory Response and Infection Susceptibility Centre (iRiSC), Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden; School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, Örebro SE-701 82, Sweden
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14
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Stolar T, Alić J, Talajić G, Cindro N, Rubčić M, Molčanov K, Užarević K, Hernández JG. Supramolecular intermediates in thermo-mechanochemical direct amidations. Chem Commun (Camb) 2023; 59:13490-13493. [PMID: 37882212 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc04448c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a solvent-free thermo-mechanochemical approach for the direct coupling of carboxylic acids and amines, which avoids activators and additives. Detailed analysis of the reactions by ex situ and in situ monitoring methods led to the observation, isolation, and characterisation of multicomponent crystalline intermediates that precede the formation of amides. We applied our methodology for the quantitative synthesis of the active pharmaceutical ingredient moclobemide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomislav Stolar
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Jasna Alić
- Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička c. 54, Zagreb 10000, Croatia.
| | - Gregor Talajić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Nikola Cindro
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | - Mirta Rubčić
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Horvatovac 102a, Zagreb 10000, Croatia
| | | | | | - José G Hernández
- Grupo Ciencia de los Materiales, Instituto de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Antioquia, Medellín 050010, Colombia.
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15
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Fortney VA, Murphy JK, Stancil TR, Gembicky M, Rheingold AL, Weinert CS. Exploring the Versatility of the Amidation of Aryl Acid Fluorides using the Germylamines R 3 GeNMe 2. Chem Asian J 2023:e202300788. [PMID: 37883375 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202300788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
The formation of amide bonds is an important process since this linkage is an essential component in proteins, pharmaceuticals, and other medicinally and biologically significant molecules. Recently, it was demonstrated that germylamines R3 GeNR'2 were useful reagents for the conversion of acid fluorides to amides. This transformation occurs readily at room temperature and has a low activation energy. In the present study, the versatility of this amidation reaction with aryl acid fluorides is investigated. A series of thirteen acid fluorides with various substituents on the aromatic ring were reacted with the germylamine Ph3 GeNMe2 and twelve of these were converted to the corresponding amides in high yields, the exception being 1,4-benzenedicarbonyl difluoride. The germylamines Bun 3 GeNMe2 and Pri 3 GeNMe2 also could be used for this interconversion, and both of these species successfully converted 1,4-benzenedicarbonyl difluoride to the corresponding amide. In addition, the crystal structure of Ph3 GeNMe2 is reported. This represents one of only three crystallographically characterized germylamines. The synthesis and 19 F NMR characterization of three fluorogermanes R3 GeF (R=Bun , Pri , and Mes) are also reported herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa A Fortney
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74074, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0358
| | - Julia K Murphy
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74074, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0358
| | - Thad R Stancil
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74074, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0358
| | - Milan Gembicky
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74074, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0358
| | - Arnold L Rheingold
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74074, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0358
| | - Charles S Weinert
- Department of Chemistry, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, 74074, USA
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92093-0358
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16
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Gao P, Rahman MM, Zamalloa A, Feliciano J, Szostak M. Classes of Amides that Undergo Selective N-C Amide Bond Activation: The Emergence of Ground-State Destabilization. J Org Chem 2023; 88:13371-13391. [PMID: 36054817 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Ground-state destabilization of the N-C(O) linkage represents a powerful tool to functionalize the historically inert amide bond. This burgeoning reaction manifold relies on the availability of amide bond precursors that participate in weakening of the nN → π*C=O conjugation through N-C twisting, N pyramidalization, and nN electronic delocalization. Since 2015, acyl N-C amide bond activation through ground-state destabilization of the amide bond has been achieved by transition-metal-catalyzed oxidative addition of the N-C(O) bond, generation of acyl radicals, and transition-metal-free acyl addition. This Perspective summarizes contributions of our laboratory in the development of new ground-state-destabilized amide precursors enabled by twist and electronic activation of the amide bond and synthetic utility of ground-state-destabilized amides in cross-coupling reactions and acyl addition reactions. The use of ground-state-destabilized amides as electrophiles enables a plethora of previously unknown transformations of the amide bond, such as acyl coupling, decarbonylative coupling, radical coupling, and transition-metal-free coupling to forge new C-C, C-N, C-O, C-S, C-P, and C-B bonds. Structural studies of activated amides and catalytic systems developed in the past decade enable the view of the amide bond to change from the "traditionally inert" to "readily modifiable" functional group with a continuum of reactivity dictated by ground-state destabilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengcheng Gao
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Md Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Alfredo Zamalloa
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Jessica Feliciano
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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17
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Upreti GC, Singh T, Chaudhary D, Singh A. Cascade Cyclizations Triggered by Photochemically Generated Carbamoyl Radicals Derived from Alkyl Amines. J Org Chem 2023; 88:11801-11808. [PMID: 37555769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
We report on a visible light-mediated cascade carbamoylation/cyclization of acrylamides using dihydropyridyl carbamoyl donors derived from alkyl amines. Diversely selected acrylamides including 2-cyano-N-arylacrylamides, indolyl- and benzimidazolyl acrylamides, and 2-alkynyl-N-aryl acrylamides participate in this reaction, providing products in good yields. The highlights of this photochemical method include the application of alkyl amine-derived carbamoyl donors, peroxide-free reaction conditions, and a broad scope.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tavinder Singh
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Divakar Chaudhary
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anand Singh
- Department of Chemistry, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Sustainable Energy Engineering, IIT Kanpur, Kanpur, 208016 Uttar Pradesh, India
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18
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Yang S, Yu X, Liu Y, Tomasini M, Caporaso L, Poater A, Cavallo L, Cazin CSJ, Nolan SP, Szostak M. Suzuki-Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Amides by N-C Cleavage Mediated by Air-Stable, Well-Defined [Pd(NHC)(sulfide)Cl2] Catalysts: Reaction Development, Scope, and Mechanism. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37467445 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/21/2023]
Abstract
The Suzuki-Miyaura cross-coupling of amides by selective N-C acyl bond cleavage represents a powerful tool for constructing biaryl ketones from historically inert amide bonds. These amide bond activation reactions hinge upon efficient oxidative addition of the N-C acyl bond to Pd(0). However, in contrast to the well-researched activation of aryl halides by C(sp2)-X oxidative addition, very few studies on the mechanism of C(acyl)-N bond oxidative addition and catalyst effect have been reported. Herein, we report a study on [Pd(NHC)(sulfide)Cl2] catalysts in amide N-C bond activation. These readily prepared, well-defined, air- and moisture-stable Pd(II)-NHC catalysts feature SMe2 (DMS = dimethylsulfide) or S(CH2CH2)2 (THT = tetrahydrothiophene) as ancillary ligands. The reaction development, kinetic studies, and reaction scope are presented. Extensive DFT studies were conducted to gain insight into the mechanism of C(acyl)-N bond oxidative addition and catalyst activation. We expect that [Pd(NHC)(sulfide)Cl2] precatalysts featuring sulfides as well-defined, readily accessible ancillary ligands will find application in C(acyl)-X bond activation in organic synthesis and catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Yang
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Xiang Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Yaxu Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michele Tomasini
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, Campus Montilivi, Girona, Catalonia 17003, Spain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, Fisciano, 84084 SA, Italy
| | - Lucia Caporaso
- Department of Chemistry, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, Fisciano, 84084 SA, Italy
| | - Albert Poater
- Institut de Química Computacional i Catàlisi and Departament de Química, Universitat de Girona, c/Maria Aurèlia Capmany 69, Campus Montilivi, Girona, Catalonia 17003, Spain
| | - Luigi Cavallo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Salerno, Via Ponte don Melillo, Fisciano, 84084 SA, Italy
- KAUST Catalysis Center (KCC), King Abdullah University of Science & Technology, 23955-6900 Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Catherine S J Cazin
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven P Nolan
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Sustainable Chemistry, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S-3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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19
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Shu J, Wang J, Li Z, Tong KYR. Effects of Slit Edge Notches on Mechanical Properties of 3D-Printed PA12 Nylon Kirigami Specimens. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3082. [PMID: 37514471 PMCID: PMC10383772 DOI: 10.3390/polym15143082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Kirigami structures, a Japanese paper-cutting art form, has been widely adopted in engineering design, including robotics, biomedicine, energy harvesting, and sensing. This study investigated the effects of slit edge notches on the mechanical properties, particularly the tensile stiffness, of 3D-printed PA12 nylon kirigami specimens. Thirty-five samples were designed with various notch sizes and shapes and printed using a commercial 3D printer with multi-jet fusion (MJF) technique. Finite element analysis (FEA) was employed to determine the mechanical properties of the samples computationally. The results showed that the stiffness of the kirigami samples is positively correlated with the number of edges in the notch shape and quadratically negatively correlated with the notch area of the samples. The mathematical relationship between the stretching tensile stiffness of the samples and their notch area was established and explained from an energy perspective. The relationship established in this study can help fine-tune the stiffness of kirigami-inspired structures without altering the primary parameters of kirigami samples. With the rapid fabrication method (e.g., 3D printing technique), the kirigami samples with suitable mechanical properties can be potentially applied to planar springs for hinge structures or energy-absorbing/harvesting structures. These findings will provide valuable insights into the development and optimization of kirigami-inspired structures for various applications in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Junming Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
- Department of Surgery, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Kai-Yu Raymond Tong
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
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20
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Chaudhari TY, Bisht S, Chorol S, Bhujbal SM, Bharatam PV, Tandon V. Bronsted Acid-Catalyzed Regioselective Carboxamidation of 2-Indolylmethanols with Isonitriles. J Org Chem 2023. [PMID: 37440673 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c02816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
A regioselective direct carboxamidation reaction of 2-indolylmethanols with readily available isocyanoesters/isocyanides has been reported in this work. The reaction was catalyzed by Bronsted acid such as p-TsOH to deliver the benzylic regioselective amides in 67-86% yield under mild conditions. The developed methodology provides alternative access to traditional metal-free carboxamidation via C-C and C-O bond formation with high atom economy. Furthermore, the developed approach was diversified to synthesize chiral indole-2-carboxamide derivatives with a moderate enantiomeric excess (61-73% ee) using an (R)-chiral phosphoric acid.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Somya Bisht
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Sonam Chorol
- School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
| | - Shivkanya Madhavrao Bhujbal
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Prasad V Bharatam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Sector 67, S. A. S. Nagar 160062, Punjab, India
| | - Vibha Tandon
- Special Centre for Molecular Medicine, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India
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21
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Fridianto KT, Wen YP, Lo LC, Lam Y. Development of fluorous boronic acid catalysts integrated with sulfur for enhanced amidation efficiency. RSC Adv 2023; 13:17420-17426. [PMID: 37304775 PMCID: PMC10251487 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03300g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023] Open
Abstract
A thermally stable, fluorous sulfur-containing boronic acid catalyst has been developed and was shown to efficiently promote dehydrative condensation between carboxylic acids and amines under environmentally friendly conditions. The methodology can be applied to aliphatic, aromatic and heteroaromatic acids as well as primary and secondary amines. N-Boc protected amino acids were also successfully coupled in good yields with very little racemization. The catalyst could be reused four times with no significant loss of activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Timothy Fridianto
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
| | - Ya-Ping Wen
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University No. 1, Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 106 Taiwan
| | - Lee-Chiang Lo
- Department of Chemistry, National Taiwan University No. 1, Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road Taipei 106 Taiwan
| | - Yulin Lam
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore 3 Science Drive 3 Singapore 117543
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22
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Gan D, Liu Y, Hu T, Fan S, Liu X, Cui L, Yang L, Wu Y, Chen L, Mo Z. The Investigation of Copolymer Composition Sequence on Non-Isothermal Crystallization Kinetics of Bio-Based Polyamide 56/512. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15102345. [PMID: 37242922 DOI: 10.3390/polym15102345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
A new bio-based polyamide 56/512 (PA56/512) has been synthesized with a higher bio-based composition compared to industrialized bio-based PA56, which is considered a lower carbon emission bio-based nylon. In this paper, the one-step approach of copolymerizing PA56 units with PA512 units using melt polymerization has been investigated. The structure of the copolymer PA56/512 was characterized using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and Proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR). Other measurement methods, including relative viscosity tests, amine end group measurement, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), were used to analyze the physical and thermal properties of the PA56/512. Furthermore, the non-isothermal crystallization behaviors of PA56/512 have been investigated with the analytical model of Mo's method and the Kissinger method. The melting point of copolymer PA56/512 exhibited a eutectic point at 60 mol% of 512 corresponding to the typical isodimorphism behavior, and the crystallization ability of PA56/512 also displayed a similar tendency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diansong Gan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
- Zhuzhou Times Engineering Plastics Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412008, China
| | - Yuejun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Tianhui Hu
- Zhuzhou Times Engineering Plastics Industrial Co., Ltd., Zhuzhou 412008, China
| | - Shuhong Fan
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Xiaochao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Lingna Cui
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Ling Yang
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Yincai Wu
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Lily Chen
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
| | - Zhixiang Mo
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Packaging Materials and Technology of Hunan Province, School of Packaging and Materials Engineering, Hunan University of Technology, Zhuzhou 412007, China
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23
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Qin L, Zhou Y, Gong S, Zhao S, Cao Z, Deng J, Pan K. Synthesis and Characterization of a New Copolymer Consisting of Polyamide 1210 and Reactive Phosphorus-Nitrogen Flame-Retardant. Macromol Rapid Commun 2023; 44:e2200644. [PMID: 36404053 DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200644] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The thermal stability and reactivity of organophosphorus flame-retardants play a critical role in synthesizing copolymerized flame-retardant polyamides. Herein, this work successfully synthesizes a flame-retardant CEPPA-DDA salt (CDS) with both good thermal stability and high reactivity by reacting 2-carboxyethyl phenyl phosphonic acid (CEPPA) with 1,12-dodecanediamine (DDA). Flame-retardant polyamide 1210 (FRPA) is further prepared by copolymerizing the CDS, DDA, and sebacic acid (SEA). The test results show that the introduction of CDS can significantly improve the flame-retardant properties of FRPA. Specifically, the flame-retardant polyamide 1210 (FRPA-7) with 7 wt% CDS addition can reach V-0 grade according to UL-94 standard, accompanying limiting oxygen index value of 30.2% and tensile strength of 38.62 MPa. Compared with pure polyamide 1210, the peak heat release rate and total heat release rate of FRPA-7 reduce by 24.11% and 9.40%, respectively. This study provides a simple strategy to prepare flame-retardant polyamides with high flame retardancy and good mechanical properties, which are expected to show great potentials in future industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizheng Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Yang Zhou
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shun Gong
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Shikun Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Jianping Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
| | - Kai Pan
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Advanced Functional Polymer Composites, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China
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24
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Zhong S, Guo Y, Gao F, Lin Q, Wang Y, Chen W, Lu W. Studies of caprolactam and cyclic oligomer content, molecular weight, and thermal properties during melt post-polycondensation of polycaprolactam in the film state. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
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25
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Sambale AK, Stanko M, Uhlig K, Stommel M. Characterization and model‐based mechanical analysis of moisture gradients in
PA
6. J Appl Polym Sci 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/app.53654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Michael Stanko
- Chair of Plastics Technology Technical University Dortmund Dortmund Germany
| | - Kai Uhlig
- Leibniz‐Institute for Polymer Research Institute of Polymer Materials Dresden Germany
| | - Markus Stommel
- Leibniz‐Institute for Polymer Research Institute of Polymer Materials Dresden Germany
- Technical University Dresden Institute for Materials Science, Chair of Polymer Materials Dresden Germany
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26
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Zhang D, Liu L, Zhao B, Wang X, Pang H, Yu S. Highly efficient extraction of uranium from seawater by polyamide and amidoxime co-functionalized MXene. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2023; 317:120826. [PMID: 36493939 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Uranium mainly exists in the form of uranyl carbonate in seawater. [UO2(CO3)3]4- has strong stability, which increases the difficulty of uranium extraction from seawater. Meanwhile, the complex marine environment, a large number of coexisting competing ions and biological pollution are all non-negligible disturbing factors. Herein, we introduced amidoxime (AO) groups into the surface of Ti3C2 and grafted polyamides (PA) by a simple one-step hydrothermal method to produce an efficient seawater uranium extraction adsorbent Ti3C2-AO-PA. Owing to the amidoxime groups, the material was highly selective for uranium. And the large number of amino groups in the polyamides gave it ideal resistance to biofouling. The possibility of Ti3C2-AO-PA as an adsorbent for uranium extraction from seawater was confirmed by various characterization techniques, numerous adsorption batch experiments, simulated seawater experiments and antibacterial performance tests. It was demonstrated that the uptake of [UO2(CO3)3]4- by Ti3C2-AO-PA showed fast reaction kinetics (about 120 min), brilliant absorption capacity (81.1 mg·g-1 at pH 8.3), significant high selectivity (32.8 mg-U/g-Ads) and outstanding anti-biological contamination performance (92.9% antibacterial rate). XPS and DFT further indicated that the high extraction ability of Ti3C2-AO-PA for uranium was mainly attributed to the strong complexation of AO and -NH2 with [UO2(CO3)3]4-. These conclusions showed that Ti3C2-AO-PA not only had an ideal application prospect for uranium extraction from seawater, but also provided an available strategy for rapid and selective uranium adsorption from real seawater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Lijie Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Bing Zhao
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China
| | - Xiangxue Wang
- Hebei Key Lab of Power Plant Flue Gas Multi-Pollutants Control, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Baoding, 071003, PR China
| | - Hongwei Pang
- Beijing Beitou Eco-environment Co., Ltd., PR China
| | - Shujun Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory of Resources and Environmental Systems Optimization, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, North China Electric Power University, Beijing, 102206, PR China.
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27
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New insights into contribution of aromatic ring versus aliphatic ring to thermal transition temperatures of heat resistant polyamides: A comparison study of PA 10T and t-PA 10C. POLYMER 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2023.125701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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28
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Marangoni Júnior L, Augusto PED, Vieira RP, Borges DF, Ito D, Teixeira FG, Dantas FBH, Padula M. Food-Package-Processing relationships in emerging technologies: Ultrasound effects on polyamide multilayer packaging in contact with different food simulants. Food Res Int 2023; 163:112217. [PMID: 36596146 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the effect of ultrasound processing on the properties of two packages widely used in food products was evaluated: polyamide (PA) and polyethylene (PE) multilayer packaging. Packages composed of PE/PA/PE (Film A) and PE/PA/PE/PA/PE (Film B) were filled with aqueous and fatty food simulants and treated in an ultrasound water bath (frequency 25 kHz, volumetric power of 9.74 W/L, temperature of 25 °C, and time of 30 and 60 min). Materials were evaluated in term of structure and performance properties. Ultrasound did not or induced small changes in chemical groups, crystallinity, melting temperature, and tensile strength of the films. Film A showed a reduction in heat sealing tensile strength of 25% in the machine direction and 22% in the transverse direction. Film B showed a 20% increase of water vapor transmission rate after ultrasound processing. Although ultrasound had little impact on the properties of the evaluated materials, these modifications do not compromise the use of these packages for applications in ultrasound-processed foods. Therefore, the results indicate that ultrasound can be used as a food processing technology in multilayer PA and PE packaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luís Marangoni Júnior
- Packaging Technology Center, Institute of Food Technology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Pedro Esteves Duarte Augusto
- Université Paris-Saclay, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire de Génie des Procédés et Matériaux, SFR Condorcet FR CNRS 3417, Centre Européen de Biotechnologie et de Bioéconomie (CEBB), 3 rue des Rouges Terres, 51110 Pomacle, France
| | - Roniérik Pioli Vieira
- Department of Bioprocess and Materials Engineering, School of Chemical Engineering, University of Campinas, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Danielle Ito
- Packaging Technology Center, Institute of Food Technology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio Gomes Teixeira
- Packaging Technology Center, Institute of Food Technology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Marisa Padula
- Packaging Technology Center, Institute of Food Technology, Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil
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29
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Das S, Kalyani MI. From trash to treasure: review on upcycling of fruit and vegetable wastes into starch based bioplastics. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022:1-15. [PMID: 36565171 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2158470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Growing public concern toward environmental sustainability is currently motivating a paradigm shift toward designing easily degradable plastics that can replace conventional synthetic plastics. The massive rise in food waste generation has led to an increased burden on landfills, thereby resulting in the higher emission of greenhouse gases. Using this food waste to produce bioplastics will benefit not only the environment but also develop a systematic food waste management system. Moreover, bioplastics are preferred due to the use of biomaterials derived from renewable resources. Furthermore, bioplastics degrade faster than conventional synthetic plastics, which take years to degrade. The biodegradation of bioplastics occurs under normal environmental conditions and disintegrates into carbon dioxide, water, biomass, and inorganic compounds without producing hazardous residues. In this review, we will discuss the synthesis of starch based bioplastics using discarded parts of various fruits and vegetables. Furthermore, we will address the importance of various components in the development of starch based bioplastics, such as fillers, plasticizers, and other additives that are essential in providing the bioplastic with different physio-mechanical properties. Therefore, bioplastic production using food waste will pave the way to achieve systematic waste management and environmental sustainability in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhankar Das
- Biotechnology Unit, Mangalore University, Mangalore, India
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30
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Qu T, Rupar PA. Carbonyl Aziridines: Strained Amides for Rapid Polyamide Synthesis. Macromolecules 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.2c01748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Taoguang Qu
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
| | - Paul A. Rupar
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, Alabama 35487-0336, United States
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31
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High-value copolyamide 6 materials with colorless transparent and low water absorption upgraded from upcycled and biomass comonomers. POLYMER 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymer.2022.125269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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32
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Liu Z, Zhou Y, Yuan L. Hydrogen-bonded aromatic amide macrocycles: synthesis, properties and functions. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:9023-9051. [PMID: 36128982 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01263d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
As a classic example of nearly planar cyclic compounds, hydrogen-bonded aromatic amide (H-bonded aramide) macrocycles, consisting of consecutive intramolecular hydrogen bonds and aromatic residues, receive considerable research attention due to their rich host-guest chemistry. This review provides a detailed summary of the synthesis, properties and functions of H-bonded aramide macrocycles and their derivatives. Herein, the constitutional patterns of these macrocycles are divided into two subcategories: interior hydrogen bonding motifs and exterior hydrogen bonding motifs. Based on these two motifs, we summarize the facile synthesis, self-assembly, host-guest interaction complexation of H-bonded aramide macrocycles and the resulting applications such as molecular recognition, artificial ion channels, soft materials, supramolecular catalysis, and artificial molecular machines. The development of H-bonded aramide macrocycles is still in its infancy, although a considerable number of examples have been reported. We hope that this review will provide useful information and unlock new opportunities in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zejiang Liu
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Yidan Zhou
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
| | - Lihua Yuan
- College of Chemistry, Key Laboratory of Radiation Physics and Technology of Ministry of Education, Institute of Nuclear Science and Technology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China.
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33
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Alam T, Rakshit A, Dhara HN, Palai A, Patel BK. Electrochemical Amidation: Benzoyl Hydrazine/Carbazate and Amine as Coupling Partners. Org Lett 2022; 24:6619-6624. [PMID: 36069423 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
An electrochemical amidation of benzoyl hydrazine/carbazate and primary/secondary amine as coupling partners via concomitant cleavage and formation of C(sp2)-N bonds has been achieved. This methodology proceeds under metal-free and exogenous oxidant-free conditions producing N2 and H2 as byproducts. Mechanistic studies reveal the in situ generations of both acyl and N-centered radicals from benzoyl hydrazines and amines. The utility of this protocol is demonstrated through a large-scale, and synthesis of bezafibrate, a hyperlipidemic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tipu Alam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Amitava Rakshit
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Hirendra Nath Dhara
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Angshuman Palai
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
| | - Bhisma K Patel
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, North Guwahati 781039, India
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34
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Klitsch J, Pfaendner R, Fasel C, Schönberger F. Mode of Action of Zn-DOPOx and Melamine Polyphosphate as Flame Retardants in Glass Fiber-Reinforced Polyamide 66. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14183709. [PMID: 36145861 PMCID: PMC9503550 DOI: 10.3390/polym14183709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, the flame retardant effect of the Zn salt of 10-hydroxy-9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide (Zn-DOPOx), melamine polyphosphate (MPP) and their mixture was investigated towards the mode of action in glass fiber-reinforced polyamide 66 (PA 66 GF). The flammability was evaluated using UL 94 V and cone calorimetry. Influence on char formation was analyzed by SEM. Thermal decomposition of Zn-DOPOx and MPP was studied by TGA and ATR-FTIR. The release of gaseous PA 66 decomposition products was investigated using TGA-DTA-FTIR. Combining Zn-DOPOx and MPP leads to an improvement in flame retardancy, most pronounced for equal parts of weight. Mode of action changes significantly for Zn-DOPOx:MPP (1:1) compared to the sole components and a strong interaction between Zn-DOPOx and MPP is revealed, resulting in a more open char structure. Fuel dilution as well as less exothermic decomposition are essential for the mode of action of the combination. Through low HRR values and high CO/CO2 ratio during cone calorimetry measurements, a significant increase in gas phase activity was proven. Therefore, it is concluded that Zn-DOPOx:MPP (1:1) leads to a significant increase in flame retardancy through a combination of mode of actions in the gas and condensed phase resulting from the change in thermal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Klitsch
- Division Plastics, Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Rudolf Pfaendner
- Division Plastics, Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Claudia Fasel
- Department of Material Science, Technical University Darmstadt, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Frank Schönberger
- Division Plastics, Fraunhofer Institute for Structural Durability and System Reliability LBF, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-6151-705-8705
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35
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Javadian H, Taghavi M, Ruiz M, Tyagi I, Farsadrooh M, Sastre AM. Adsorption of neodymium, terbium and dysprosium using a synthetic polymer-based magnetic adsorbent. J RARE EARTH 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jre.2022.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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36
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Gonzalez de Gortari M, Misra M, Mohanty AK. Polyphthalamide polymers: A review on synthesis, properties, and advance manufacturing and emerging applications. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateo Gonzalez de Gortari
- School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - Manjusri Misra
- School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
| | - Amar K. Mohanty
- School of Engineering, Thornbrough Building University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
- Bioproducts Discovery and Development Centre, Department of Plant Agriculture, Crop Science Building University of Guelph Guelph Ontario Canada
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37
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Li N, Zong MH. (Chemo)biocatalytic Upgrading of Biobased Furanic Platforms to Chemicals, Fuels, and Materials: A Comprehensive Review. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c02912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Li
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Min-Hua Zong
- School of Food Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology, 381 Wushan Road, Guangzhou 510640, China
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38
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Chen Y, Chang Y, Rwei S. Synthesis and characterization of ultra‐tough crosslinked polyamide with hybrid polymer networks equipping strong hydrogen bonds. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.52830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu‐Hao Chen
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yun Chang
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
| | - Syang‐Peng Rwei
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Molecular Science and Engineering National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan
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39
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Lainer T, Czerny F, Haas M. Solvent-free amide bond formation using a variety of methoxysilanes as coupling agent. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:3717-3720. [PMID: 35441639 PMCID: PMC9092949 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00589a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A solvent-free procedure for the formation of amides without exclusion of air and moisture is described. Using tetramethoxysilane 1, hexamethoxydisilane 2 and dodecamethoxy-neopentasilane 3 as coupling agent carboxylic acids and amines are reacted to form amides in good to excellent yields. The formation of these amides was confirmed by NMR spectroscopy and mass spectrometry. Remarkably, neopentasilane 3 exceeds the performance of the currently used monosilanes as coupling agent in terms of group tolerance and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lainer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | - Frank Czerny
- Department of Chemistry, Metalorganics and Inorganic Materials, Technische Universität Berlin, Strasse des 17. Juni 135, Sekr. C2, 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Haas
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Graz University of Technology, Stremayrgasse 9, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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40
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Kleybolte MM, Zainer L, Liu JY, Stockmann PN, Winnacker M. (+)‐Limonene‐Lactam: Synthesis of a Sustainable Monomer for Ring‐Opening Polymerization to Novel, Biobased Polyamides. Macromol Rapid Commun 2022; 43:e2200185. [DOI: 10.1002/marc.202200185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2022] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M. Kleybolte
- WACKER‐Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) Ernst‐Otto‐Fischer‐Straße 1 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Laura Zainer
- Fraunhofer IGB Schulgasse 11a 94315 Straubing Germany
| | - Jin Y. Liu
- WACKER‐Institute for Silicon Chemistry Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | | | - Malte Winnacker
- WACKER‐Chair of Macromolecular Chemistry Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 and Catalysis Research Center (CRC) Ernst‐Otto‐Fischer‐Straße 1 85748 Garching bei München Germany
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41
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Zhang J, Zhao H, Li G, Zhu X, Shang L, He Y, Liu X, Ma Y, Szostak M. Transamidation of thioamides with nucleophilic amines: thioamide N-C(S) activation by ground-state-destabilization. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:5981-5988. [PMID: 35441645 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob00412g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Thioamides are 'single-atom' isosteres of amide bonds that have found broad applications in organic synthesis, biochemistry and drug discovery. In this New Talent themed issue, we present a general strategy for activation of N-C(S) thioamide bonds by ground-state-destabilization. This concept is outlined in the context of a full study on transamidation of thioamides with nucleophilic amines, and relies on (1) site-selective N-activation of the thioamide bond to decrease resonance and (2) highly chemoselective nucleophilic acyl addition to the thioamide CS bond. The follow-up collapse of the tetrahedral intermediate is favored by the electronic properties of the amine leaving group. The ground-state-destabilization concept of thioamides enables weakening of the N-C(S) bond and rationally modifies the properties of valuable thioamide isosteres for the development of new methods in organic synthesis. We fully expect that in analogy to the burgeoning field of destabilized amides introduced by our group in 2015, the thioamide bond ground-state-destabilization activation concept will find broad applications in various facets of chemical science, including metal-free, metal-catalyzed and metal-promoted reaction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China. .,Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Hui Zhao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Guangchen Li
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Xinhao Zhu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Linqin Shang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Yang He
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Xin Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Yangmin Ma
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory of Chemical Additives for China National Light Industry, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710021, China.
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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Abstract
Biodegradable and biocompatible biomaterials have offered much more opportunities from an engineering standpoint for treating diseases and maintaining health. Poly(ester amide)s (PEAs), as an outstanding family among such biomaterials, have risen overwhelmingly in the past decades. These synthetic polymers have easily and widely available raw materials and a diversity of synthetic approaches, which have attracted considerable attention. More importantly, combining the superiorities of polyamides and polyesters, PEAs have emerged with better functions. They could have improved biodegradability, biocompatibility, and cell-material interactions. The PEAs derived from α-amino acids even allow the introduction of pendant sites for further modification or functionalization. Meanwhile, it is gradually recognized that the chemical structures are closely related to the physiochemical and biological properties of PEAs so that their properties can be precisely controlled. PEAs therefore become significant materials in the biomedical fields. This review will attempt to summarize the recent progress in the development of PEAs with respect to the preparation materials and methods, structure-property relationships along with their latest biomedical accomplishments, especially for drug delivery and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Han
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518057, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Shenzhen 518057, People's Republic of China
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Endo T, Higashihara T. Direct Synthesis of Thermally Stable Semiaromatic Polyamides by Bulk Polymerization Using Aromatic Diamines and Aliphatic Dicarboxylic Acids. ACS OMEGA 2022; 7:8753-8758. [PMID: 35309482 PMCID: PMC8928493 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c06983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Semiaromatic polyamides were directly synthesized by bulk polycondensation of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids (with 5, 6, 7, and 10 carbon numbers) and aromatic diamines (4,4'-oxydianiline and 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane) under natural pressure. In addition, copolyamides were successfully obtained by the copolymerization of aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, aromatic diamines, and biobased amino acid, 4-aminohydrocinnamic acid. The obtained polyamides had relatively high inherent viscosity values of 0.35-0.76 dL/g. The obtained polyamides exhibited good thermal stability with T d5% in the range of 316-416 °C, even when incorporated with aliphatic methylene units. In particular, some copolyamides (2AO, 2PO, and 2GM) had high T g values of 150, 158, and 156 °C and relatively low T m values of 277, 288, and 234 °C, respectively, which may be preferable thermal properties for melt-drawing processes.
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Gao Y, Yang T, Wang X, Chen J, He Y. Novel alternating copolyoxamides with high crystallinity and heat resistance. JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pol.20210882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuanbo Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Tingting Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Xueli Wang
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology Donghua University Shanghai China
| | - Jizong Chen
- Product R&D Guangdong Xinhui Meida Nylon Co., Ltd Jiangmen China
| | - Yong He
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Material Science and Engineering Donghua University Shanghai China
- Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology Donghua University Shanghai China
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45
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Mechanochemical Solvent‐Free Suzuki–Miyaura Cross‐Coupling of Amides via Highly Chemoselective N−C Cleavage. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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46
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Wang CA, Rahman MM, Bisz E, Dziuk B, Szostak R, Szostak M. Palladium-NHC (NHC = N-heterocyclic Carbene)-Catalyzed Suzuki–Miyaura Cross-Coupling of Alkyl Amides. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.1c05738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Chang-An Wang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Taishan University, Tai’an, Shandong 271000, People’s Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Md. Mahbubur Rahman
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
| | - Elwira Bisz
- Department of Chemistry, Opole University, 48 Oleska Street, Opole 45-052, Poland
| | - Błażej Dziuk
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology, Norwida 4/6 14, Wroclaw 50-373, Poland
| | - Roman Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Wroclaw University, F. Joliot-Curie 14, Wroclaw 50-383, Poland
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, New Jersey 07102, United States
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47
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A comprehensive review on polymer matrix composites: material selection, fabrication, and application. Polym Bull (Berl) 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-022-04087-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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48
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Ranganathan P, Chen Y, Rwei S, Lee Y. Optically transparent bio‐based polyamides with microcellular foaming properties derived from renewable difunctional aminoamides. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Palraj Ranganathan
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yu‐Hao Chen
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Syang‐Peng Rwei
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yi‐Huan Lee
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
- Research and Development Center for Smart Textile Technology National Taipei University of Technology Taipei Taiwan, Republic of China
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49
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Synthesis and Excimer Formation Properties of Electroactive Polyamides Incorporated with 4,5-Diphenoxypyrene Units. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14020261. [PMID: 35054668 PMCID: PMC8778140 DOI: 10.3390/polym14020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A new dietherpyrene-cored diamine monomer, namely, 4,5-bis(4-aminophenoxy)pyrene, was successful synthesized and formed a series of electroactive polyamides with an aryloxy linkage in a polymer main chain and bearing pyrene chromophore as a pendent group using conventional one-pot polycondensation reactions with commercial aromatic/aliphatic dicarboxylic acids. The resulting polyamides exhibited good solubility in polar organic solvents and, further, can be made into transparent films. They had appropriate levels of thermal stability with moderately high glass-transition values. The dilute NMP solutions of these polyamides exhibited pyrene characteristic fluorescence and also showed a remarkable additional excimer emission peak centered at 475 nm. Electrochemical studies of these polymer films showed that these polyamides have both p- and n-dopable states as a result of the formation of radical cations and anions of the electroactive pyrene moieties.
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50
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Park J, Easterling CP, Armstrong CC, Huber DL, Bowman JI, Sumerlin BS, Winey KI, Taylor MK. Nanoscale layers of precise ion-containing polyamides with lithiated phenyl sulfonate in the polymer backbone. Polym Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2py00802e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Precise polyamide ionomer produces well-defined nanoscale layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinseok Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Charles P. Easterling
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Christopher C. Armstrong
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Dale L. Huber
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Sandia National Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87185, USA
| | - Jared I. Bowman
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Brent S. Sumerlin
- George & Josephine Butler Polymer Research Laboratory, Center for Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611, USA
| | - Karen I. Winey
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Mercedes K. Taylor
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
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