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Jerban S, Shaterian Mohammadi H, Athertya JS, Afsahi AM, Shojaeiadib N, Moazamian D, Ward SR, Woods G, Chung CB, Du J, Chang EY. Significant age-related differences between lower leg muscles of older and younger female subjects detected by ultrashort echo time magnetization transfer modeling. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024:e5237. [PMID: 39155273 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2024] [Accepted: 07/25/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
Magnetization transfer (MT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) can be used to estimate the fraction of water and macromolecular proton pools in tissues. MT modeling paired with ultrashort echo time acquisition (UTE-MT modeling) has been proposed to improve the evaluation of the myotendinous junction and fibrosis in muscle tissues, which the latter increases with aging. This study aimed to determine if the UTE-MT modeling technique is sensitive to age-related changes in the skeletal muscles of the lower leg. Institutional review board approval was obtained, and all recruited subjects provided written informed consent. The legs of 31 healthy younger (28.1 ± 6.1 years old, BMI = 22.3 ± 3.5) and 20 older (74.7 ± 5.5 years old, BMI = 26.7 ± 5.9) female subjects were imaged using UTE sequences on a 3 T MRI scanner. MT ratio (MTR), macromolecular fraction (MMF), macromolecular T2 (T2-MM), and water T2 (T2-W) were calculated using UTE-MT modeling for the anterior tibialis (ATM), posterior tibialis (PTM), soleus (SM), and combined lateral muscles. Results were compared between groups using the Wilcoxon rank sum test. Three independent observers selected regions of interest (ROIs) and processed UTE-MRI images separately, and the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated for a reproducibility study. Significantly lower mean MTR and MMF values were present in the older compared with the younger group in all studied lower leg muscles. T2-MM showed significantly lower values in the older group only for PTM and SM muscles. In contrast, T2-W showed significantly higher values in the older group. The age-related differences were more pronounced for MMF (-17 to -19%) and T2-W (+20 to 47%) measurements in all muscle groups compared with other investigated MR measures. ICCs were higher than 0.93, indicating excellent consistency between the ROI selection and MRI measurements of independent readers. As demonstrated by significant differences between younger and older groups, this research emphasizes the potential of UTE-MT MRI techniques in evaluating age-related skeletal muscle changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | - Jiyo S Athertya
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Dina Moazamian
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Samuel R Ward
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Gina Woods
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Christine B Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Eric Y Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
- Research Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
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Froeling M, Heskamp L. The effect of fat model variation on muscle fat fraction quantification in a cross-sectional cohort. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2024:e5217. [PMID: 39077882 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.5217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024]
Abstract
Spectroscopic imaging, rooted in Dixon's two-echo spin sequence to distinguish water and fat, has evolved significantly in acquisition and processing. Yet precise fat quantification remains a persistent challenge in ongoing research. With adequate phase characterization and correction, the fat composition models will impact measurements of fatty tissue. However, the effect of the used fat model in low-fat regions such as healthy muscle is unknown. In this study, we investigate the effect of assumed fat composition, in terms of chain length and double bond count, on fat fraction quantification in healthy muscle, while addressing phase and relaxometry confounders. For this purpose, we acquired bilateral thigh datasets from 38 healthy volunteers. Fat fractions were estimated using the IDEAL algorithm employing three different fat models fitted with and without the initial phase constrained. After data processing and model fitting, we used a convolutional neural net to automatically segment all thigh muscles and subcutaneous fat to evaluate the fitted parameters. The fat composition was compared with those reported in the literature. Overall, all the observed estimated fat composition values fall within the range of previously reported fatty acid composition based on gas chromatography measurements. All methods and models revealed different estimates of the muscle fat fractions in various evaluated muscle groups. Lateral differences changed from 0.5% to 5.3% in the hamstring muscle groups depending on the chosen method. The lowest observed left-right differences in each muscle group were all for the fat model estimating the number of double bonds with the initial phase unconstrained. With this model, the left-right differences were 0.64% ± 0.31%, 0.50% ± 0.27%, and 0.50% ± 0.40% for the quadriceps, hamstrings, and adductors muscle groups, respectively. Our findings suggest that a fat model estimating double bond numbers while allowing separate phases for each chemical species, given some assumptions, yields the best fat fraction estimate for our dataset.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn Froeling
- Center for Image Sciences, Precision Imaging Group, Division Imaging & Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Linda Heskamp
- Center for Image Sciences, Precision Imaging Group, Division Imaging & Oncology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Schumacher K, Prince MR, Blumenfeld JD, Rennert H, Hu Z, Dev H, Wang Y, Dimov AV. Quantitative susceptibility mapping for detection of kidney stones, hemorrhage differentiation, and cyst classification in ADPKD. Abdom Radiol (NY) 2024; 49:2285-2295. [PMID: 38530430 DOI: 10.1007/s00261-024-04243-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The objective is to demonstrate feasibility of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) in autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) patients and to compare imaging findings with traditional T1/T2w magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). METHODS Thirty-three consecutive patients (11 male, 22 female) diagnosed with ADPKD were initially selected. QSM images were reconstructed from the multiecho gradient echo data and compared to co-registered T2w, T1w, and CT images. Complex cysts were identified and classified into distinct subclasses based on their imaging features. Prevalence of each subclass was estimated. RESULTS QSM visualized two renal calcifications measuring 9 and 10 mm and three pelvic phleboliths measuring 2 mm but missed 24 calcifications measuring 1 mm or less and 1 larger calcification at the edge of the field of view. A total of 121 complex T1 hyperintense/T2 hypointense renal cysts were detected. 52 (43%) Cysts appeared hyperintense on QSM consistent with hemorrhage; 60 (49%) cysts were isointense with respect to simple cysts and normal kidney parenchyma, while the remaining 9 (7%) were hypointense. The presentation of the latter two complex cyst subtypes is likely indicative of proteinaceous composition without hemorrhage. CONCLUSION Our results indicate that QSM of ADPKD kidneys is possible and uniquely suited to detect large renal calculi without ionizing radiation and able to identify properties of complex cysts unattainable with traditional approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karl Schumacher
- Department of Bioengineering, Santa Clara University, Santa Clara, CA, USA
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Martin R Prince
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jon D Blumenfeld
- The Rogosin Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hanna Rennert
- Department of Pathology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zhongxiu Hu
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hreedi Dev
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alexey V Dimov
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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Tokunaga C, Wada T, Togao O, Kobayashi K, Kato T. Amide proton transfer-weighted imaging with a short acquisition time based on a self B0 correction using the turbo spin echo-Dixon method: A phantom study. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 110:69-77. [PMID: 38614223 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 04/06/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Conventional amide proton transfer (APT)-weighted imaging requires a chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) sequence with multiple saturation frequency offsets and a B0 correction sequence, plus a long acquisition time that can be reduced by applying the conventional method using CEST images with seven radiation pulses (i.e., the seven-points method). For a further reduction of acquisition times, we propose fast two-dimensional (2D) APT-weighted imaging based on a self B0 correction using the turbo spin echo (TSE)-Dixon method. We conducted a phantom study to investigate the accuracy of TSE-Dixon APT-weighted imaging. METHODS We prepared two types of phantoms with six samples for a concentrationdependent evaluation and a pH-dependent evaluation. APT-weighted images were acquired by the conventional, seven-points, and TSE-Dixon methods. Linear regression analyses assessed the dependence between each method's APT signal intensities (SIs) and the concentration or pH. We performed a one-way analysis of variance with Tukey's honestly significant difference post hoc test to compare the APT SIs among the three methods. The agreement of the APT SIs between the conventional and seven-points or TSE-Dixon methods was assessed by a Bland- Altman plot analysis. RESULTS The APT SIs of all three acquisition methods showed positive concentration dependence and pH dependence. No significant differences were observed in the APT SIs between the conventional and TSE-Dixon methods at each concentration. The Bland-Altman plot analyses showed that the APT SIs measured with the seven-points method resulted in 0.42% bias and narrow 95% limits of agreement (LOA) (0.93%-0.09%) compared to the conventional method. The APT SIs measured using the TSE-Dixon method showed 0.14% bias and similar 95% LOA (-0.33% to 0.61%) compared with the seven-points method. The APT SIs of all three methods showed positive pH dependence. At each pH, no significant differences in the APT SIs were observed among the methods. Bland-Altman plot analyses showed that the APT SIs measured with the seven-points method resulted in low bias (0.03%) and narrow 95% LOA (-0.30% to 0.36%) compared to the conventional method. The APT SIs measured by the TSE-Dixon method showed slightly larger bias (0.29%) and similar 95% LOA (from -0.15% to 0.72%) compared to those measured by the seven-points method. CONCLUSION These results demonstrated that our proposed method has the same concentration dependence and pH dependence as the conventional method and the seven-points method. We thus expect that APT-weighted imaging with less influence of motion can be obtained in clinical examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiaki Tokunaga
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
| | - Tatsuhiro Wada
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Osamu Togao
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Kouji Kobayashi
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
| | - Toyoyuki Kato
- Division of Radiology, Department of Medical Technology, Kyushu University Hospital, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan
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Zsombor Z, Zsély B, Rónaszéki AD, Stollmayer R, Budai BK, Palotás L, Bérczi V, Kalina I, Maurovich Horvat P, Kaposi PN. Comparison of Vendor-Independent Software Tools for Liver Proton Density Fat Fraction Estimation at 1.5 T. Diagnostics (Basel) 2024; 14:1138. [PMID: 38893664 PMCID: PMC11171873 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics14111138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2024] [Revised: 05/27/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Open-source software tools are available to estimate proton density fat fraction (PDFF). (2) Methods: We compared four algorithms: complex-based with graph cut (GC), magnitude-based (MAG), magnitude-only estimation with Rician noise modeling (MAG-R), and multi-scale quadratic pseudo-Boolean optimization with graph cut (QPBO). The accuracy and reliability of the methods were evaluated in phantoms with known fat/water ratios and a patient cohort with various grades (S0-S3) of steatosis. Image acquisitions were performed at 1.5 Tesla (T). (3) Results: The PDFF estimates showed a nearly perfect correlation (Pearson r = 0.999, p < 0.001) and inter-rater agreement (ICC = from 0.995 to 0.999, p < 0.001) with true fat fractions. The absolute bias was low with all methods (0.001-1%), and an ANCOVA detected no significant difference between the algorithms in vitro. The agreement across the methods was very good in the patient cohort (ICC = 0.891, p < 0.001). However, MAG estimates (-2.30% ± 6.11%, p = 0.005) were lower than MAG-R. The field inhomogeneity artifacts were most frequent in MAG-R (70%) and GC (39%) and absent in QPBO images. (4) Conclusions: The tested algorithms all accurately estimate PDFF in vitro. Meanwhile, QPBO is the least affected by field inhomogeneity artifacts in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zita Zsombor
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.D.R.); (R.S.); (B.K.B.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (I.K.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Boglárka Zsély
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.D.R.); (R.S.); (B.K.B.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (I.K.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Aladár D. Rónaszéki
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.D.R.); (R.S.); (B.K.B.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (I.K.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Róbert Stollmayer
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.D.R.); (R.S.); (B.K.B.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (I.K.); (P.M.H.)
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Bettina K. Budai
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.D.R.); (R.S.); (B.K.B.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (I.K.); (P.M.H.)
- Clinic for Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology (DIR), Heidelberg University Hospital, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Lőrinc Palotás
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.D.R.); (R.S.); (B.K.B.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (I.K.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Viktor Bérczi
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.D.R.); (R.S.); (B.K.B.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (I.K.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Ildikó Kalina
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.D.R.); (R.S.); (B.K.B.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (I.K.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Pál Maurovich Horvat
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.D.R.); (R.S.); (B.K.B.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (I.K.); (P.M.H.)
| | - Pál Novák Kaposi
- Department of Radiology, Medical Imaging Centre, Semmelweis University, 1083 Budapest, Hungary; (Z.Z.); (B.Z.); (A.D.R.); (R.S.); (B.K.B.); (L.P.); (V.B.); (I.K.); (P.M.H.)
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Chen M, Xing J, Guo L. MRI-based Deep Learning Models for Preoperative Breast Volume and Density Assessment Assisting Breast Reconstruction. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2024:10.1007/s00266-024-04074-2. [PMID: 38806828 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-024-04074-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The volume of the implant is the most critical element of breast reconstruction, so it is necessary to accurately assess the preoperative volume of the healthy and affected breasts and select the appropriate implant for placement. Accurate and automated methods for quantitative assessment of breast volume can optimize breast reconstruction surgery and assist physicians in clinical decision making. The aim of this study was to develop an artificial intelligence model for automated segmentation of the breast and measurement of volume. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 249 subjects undergoing breast reconstruction surgery were enrolled in this study. Subjects underwent preoperative breast MRI, and the breast region manually outlined by the imaging physician served as the gold standard for volume measurement by the automated segmentation model. In this study, we developed three automated algorithms for automatic segmentation of breast regions, including a simple alignment model, an alignment dynamic encoding model, and a deep learning model. The volumetric agreement between the three automated segmentation algorithms and the breast regions manually segmented by imaging physicians was evaluated by calculating the mean square error (MSE) and intragroup correlation coefficient (ICC), and the reproducibility of the automated segmentation of the breast regions was assessed by the test-retest step. RESULTS The three breast automated segmentation models developed in this study (simple registration model, dynamic programming model, and deep learning model) showed strong ICC with manual segmentation of the breast region, with MSEs of 1.124, 0.693, and 0.781, and ICCs of 0.975 (95% CI, 0.869-0.991), 0.986 (95% CI, 0.967-0.996), and 0.983 (95% CI, 0.961-0.992), respectively. Regarding the test-retest results of breast volume, the dynamic programming model performed the best with an MSE of 0.370 and an ICC of 0.993 (95% CI, 0.982-0.997), followed by the deep learning algorithm with an MSE of 0.741 and an ICC of 0.983 (95% CI, 0.956-0.993), and the simple registration algorithm with an MSE of 0.763 and an ICC of 0.982 (95% CI, 0.949-0.993). The reproducibility of the breast region segmented by the three automated algorithms was higher than that of manual segmentation by different radiologists. CONCLUSION The three automated breast segmentation algorithms developed in this study generate accurate and reliable breast regions, enable highly reproducible breast region segmentation and automated volume measurements, and provide a valuable tool for surgical selection of appropriate prostheses. NO LEVEL ASSIGNED This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Chen
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China
| | - Jiahua Xing
- Plastic Surgery Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 33 Badachu Road, Shijingshan District, Beijing, 100144, China
| | - Lingli Guo
- Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The First Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, China.
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Wan C, He W, Xu Z. Water-Fat Separation for the Knee on a 50 mT Portable MRI Scanner. IEEE Trans Biomed Eng 2024; 71:1687-1696. [PMID: 38150336 DOI: 10.1109/tbme.2023.3347441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The Dixon method is frequently employed in clinical and scientific research for fat suppression, because it has lower sensitivity to static magnetic field inhomogeneity compared to chemical shift selective saturation or its variants and maintains image signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). Recently, research on very-low-field (VLF < 100 mT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has regained popularity. However, there is limited literature on water-fat separation in VLF MRI. Here, we present a modified two-point Dixon method specifically designed for VLF MRI. METHODS Most experiments were performed on a homemade 50 mT portable MRI scanner. The receiving coil adopted a homemade quadrature receiving coil. The data were acquired using spin-echo and gradient-echo sequences. We considered the T2* effect, and added priori information to existing two-point Dixon method. Then, the method used regional iterative phasor extraction (RIPE) to extract the error phasor. Finally, least squares solutions for water and fat were obtained and fat signal fraction was calculated. RESULTS For phantom evaluation, water-only and fat-only images were obtained and the local fat signal fractions were calculated, with two samples being 0.94 and 0.93, respectively. For knee imaging, cartilage, muscle and fat could be clearly distinguished. The water-only images were able to highlight areas such as cartilage that could not be easily distinguished without separation. CONCLUSION This work has demonstrated the feasibility of using a 50 mT MRI scanner for water-fat separation. SIGNIFICANCE To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported result of water-fat separation at a 50 mT portable MRI scanner.
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Tamada D, van der Heijden RA, Weaver J, Hernando D, Reeder SB. Confidence maps for reliable estimation of proton density fat fraction and R 2 * in the liver. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:2172-2187. [PMID: 38174431 PMCID: PMC10950533 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective was to develop a fully automated algorithm that generates confidence maps to identify regions valid for analysis of quantitative proton density fat fraction (PDFF) andR 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ maps of the liver, generated with chemical shift-encoded MRI (CSE-MRI). Confidence maps are urgently needed for automated quality assurance, particularly with the emergence of automated segmentation and analysis algorithms. METHODS Confidence maps for both PDFF andR 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ maps are generated based on goodness of fit, measured by normalized RMS error between measured complex signals and the CSE-MRI signal model. Based on Cramér-Rao lower bound and Monte-Carlo simulations, normalized RMS error threshold criteria were developed to identify unreliable regions in quantitative maps. Simulation, phantom, and in vivo clinical studies were included. To analyze the clinical data, a board-certified radiologist delineated regions of interest (ROIs) in each of the nine liver segments for PDFF andR 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ analysis in consecutive clinical CSE-MRI data sets. The percent area of ROIs in areas deemed unreliable by confidence maps was calculated to assess the impact of confidence maps on real-world clinical PDFF andR 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ measurements. RESULTS Simulations and phantom studies demonstrated that the proposed algorithm successfully excluded regions with unreliable PDFF andR 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ measurements. ROI analysis by the radiologist revealed that 2.6% and 15% of the ROIs were placed in unreliable areas of PDFF andR 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ maps, as identified by confidence maps. CONCLUSION A proposed confidence map algorithm that identifies reliable areas of PDFF andR 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ measurements from CSE-MRI acquisitions was successfully developed. It demonstrated technical and clinical feasibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daiki Tamada
- Departments of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
| | - Rianne A. van der Heijden
- Departments of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jayse Weaver
- Departments of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
| | - Diego Hernando
- Departments of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
- Departments of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
| | - Scott B Reeder
- Departments of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
- Departments of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
- Departments of Biomedcal Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
- Departments of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison
- Departments of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI
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Tkotz K, Liebert A, Gast LV, Zeiger P, Uder M, Zaiss M, Nagel AM. Multi-echo-based fat artifact correction for CEST MRI at 7 T. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:481-496. [PMID: 37753844 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE CEST MRI is influenced by fat signal, which can reduce the apparent CEST contrast or lead to pseudo-CEST effects. Our goal was to develop a fat artifact correction based on multi-echo fat-water separation that functions stably for 7 T knee MRI data. METHODS Our proposed algorithm utilizes the full complex data and a phase demodulation with an off-resonance map estimation based on the Z-spectra prior to fat-water separation to achieve stable fat artifact correction. Our method was validated and compared to multi-echo-based methods originally proposed for 3 T by Bloch-McConnell simulations and phantom measurements. Moreover, the method was applied to in vivo 7 T knee MRI examinations and compared to Gaussian fat saturation and a published single-echo Z-spectrum-based fat artifact correction method. RESULTS Phase demodulation prior to fat-water separation reduced the occurrence of fat-water swaps. Utilizing the complex signal data led to more stable correction results than working with magnitude data, as was proposed for 3 T. Our approach reduced pseudo-nuclear Overhauser effects compared to the other correction methods. Thus, the mean asymmetry contrast at 3.5 ppm in cartilage over five volunteers increased from -9.2% (uncorrected) and -10.6% (Z-spectrum-based) to -1.5%. Results showed higher spatial stability than with the fat saturation pulse. CONCLUSION Our work demonstrates the feasibility of multi-echo-based fat-water separation with an adaptive fat model for fat artifact correction for CEST MRI at 7 T. Our approach provided better fat artifact correction throughout the entire spectrum and image than the fat saturation pulse or Z-spectrum-based correction method for both phantom and knee imaging results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Tkotz
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Andrzej Liebert
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lena V Gast
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Paula Zeiger
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael Uder
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Department of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Armin M Nagel
- Institute of Radiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Erlangen, Germany
- Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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10
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Jeon KJ, Choi YJ, Lee C, Kim HS, Han SS. Evaluation of masticatory muscles in temporomandibular joint disorder patients using quantitative MRI fat fraction analysis-Could it be a biomarker? PLoS One 2024; 19:e0296769. [PMID: 38241266 PMCID: PMC10798479 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0296769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Temporomandibular joint disorders (TMDs) are closely related to the masticatory muscles, but objective and quantitative methods to evaluate muscle are lacking. IDEAL-IQ, a type of chemical shift-encoded magnetic resonance imaging (CSE-MRI), can quantify the fat fraction (FF). The purpose of this study was to develop an MR IDEAL-IQ-based method for quantitative muscle diagnosis in TMD patients. A total of 65 patients who underwent 3 T MRI scans, including CSE-MRI sequences, were retrospectively included. MRI diagnoses and clinical data were reviewed. There were 19 patients in the normal group and 46 patients in the TMD group with unilateral disc displacement. The TMD group was subdivided into those with and without clenching. The right and left FF values of the masseter, medial, and lateral pterygoid muscles were measured twice by two oral radiologists on CSE-MRI, and the average value was used. FF measurements using CSE-MRI showed excellent intra- and inter-observer agreement (ICC > 0.889 for both). There were no statistically significant differences between the right and left FF values in the masseter, medial pterygoid, and lateral pterygoid of the normal group (p > 0.05). A statistically significant difference was found in the TMD group without clenching, in which the masseter muscle had a statistically significantly lower FF value on the disc displacement side (3.94 ± 1.61) than on the normal side (4.52 ± 2.24) (p < 0.05). CSE-MRI, which can reproducibly quantify muscle FF values, is expected to be a biomarker for objective muscle evaluation in TMD patients. The masseter muscle is expected to be particularly useful compared to other masticatory muscles, but further research is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kug Jin Jeon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Joo Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chena Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hak-Sun Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Sun Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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11
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Nikiforaki K, Marias K. MRI Methods to Visualize and Quantify Adipose Tissue in Health and Disease. Biomedicines 2023; 11:3179. [PMID: 38137400 PMCID: PMC10740979 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11123179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
MRI is the modality of choice for a vast range of pathologies but also a sensitive probe into human physiology and tissue function. For this reason, several methodologies have been developed and continuously evolve in order to non-invasively monitor underlying phenomena in human adipose tissue that were difficult to assess in the past through visual inspection of standard imaging modalities. To this end, this work describes the imaging methodologies used in medical practice and lists the most important quantitative markers related to adipose tissue physiology and pathology that are currently supporting diagnosis, longitudinal evaluation and patient management decisions. The underlying physical principles and the resulting markers are presented and associated with frequently encountered pathologies in radiology in order to set the frame of the ability of MRI to reveal the complex role of adipose tissue, not as an inert tissue but as an active endocrine organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Nikiforaki
- Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
| | - Kostas Marias
- Computational BioMedicine Laboratory, Institute of Computer Science, Foundation for Research and Technology—Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Greece;
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, Greece
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12
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Montrazi ET, Sasson K, Agemy L, Peters DC, Brenner O, Scherz A, Frydman L. High-sensitivity deuterium metabolic MRI differentiates acute pancreatitis from pancreatic cancers in murine models. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19998. [PMID: 37968574 PMCID: PMC10652017 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47301-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) is a promising tool for investigating a tumor's biology, and eventually contribute in cancer diagnosis and prognosis. In DMI, [6,6'-2H2]-glucose is taken up and metabolized by different tissues, resulting in the formation of HDO but also in an enhanced formation of [3,3'-2H2]-lactate at the tumor site as a result of the Warburg effect. Recent studies have shown DMI's suitability to highlight pancreatic cancer in murine models by [3,3'-2H2]-lactate formation; an important question is whether DMI can also differentiate between these tumors and pancreatitis. This differentiation is critical, as these two diseases are hard to distinguish today radiologically, but have very different prognoses requiring distinctive treatments. Recent studies have shown the limitations that hyperpolarized MRI faces when trying to distinguish these pancreatic diseases by monitoring the [1-13C1]-pyruvate→[1-13C1]-lactate conversion. In this work, we explore DMI's capability to achieve such differentiation. Initial tests used a multi-echo (ME) SSFP sequence, to identify any metabolic differences between tumor and acute pancreatitis models that had been previously elicited very similar [1-13C1]-pyruvate→[1-13C1]-lactate conversion rates. Although ME-SSFP provides approximately 5 times greater signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) than the standard chemical shift imaging (CSI) experiment used in DMI, no lactate signal was observed in the pancreatitis model. To enhance lactate sensitivity further, we developed a new, weighted-average, CSI-SSFP approach for DMI. Weighted-average CSI-SSFP improved DMI's SNR by another factor of 4 over ME-SSFP-a sensitivity enhancement that sufficed to evidence natural abundance 2H fat in abdominal images, something that had escaped the previous approaches even at ultrahigh (15.2 T) MRI fields. Despite these efforts to enhance DMI's sensitivity, no lactate signal could be detected in acute pancreatitis models (n = 10; [3,3'-2H2]-lactate limit of detection < 100 µM; 15.2 T). This leads to the conclusion that pancreatic tumors and acute pancreatitis may be clearly distinguished by DMI, based on their different abilities to generate deuterated lactate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elton T Montrazi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Keren Sasson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lilach Agemy
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Dana C Peters
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, USA
| | - Ori Brenner
- Department of Veterinary Resources, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avigdor Scherz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lucio Frydman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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13
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Peng H, Cheng C, Wan Q, Liang D, Liu X, Zheng H, Zou C. Reducing the ambiguity of field inhomogeneity and chemical shift effect for fat-water separation by field factor. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:1830-1843. [PMID: 37379480 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To reduce the ambiguity between chemical shift and field inhomogeneity with flexible TE combinations by introducing a variable (field factor). THEORY AND METHODS The ambiguity between chemical shift and field inhomogeneity can be eliminated directly from the multiple in-phase images acquired at different TEs; however, it is only applicable to few echo combinations. In this study, we accommodated such an implementation in flexible TE combinations by introducing a new variable (field factor). The effects of the chemical shift were removed from the field inhomogeneity in the candidate solutions, thus reducing the ambiguity problem. To validate this concept, multi-echo MRI data acquired from various anatomies with different imaging parameters were tested. The derived fat and water images were compared with those of the state-of-the-art fat-water separation algorithms. RESULTS Robust fat-water separation was achieved with the accurate solution of field inhomogeneity, and no apparent fat-water swap was observed. In addition to the good performance, the proposed method is applicable to various fat-water separation applications, including different sequence types and flexible TE choices. CONCLUSION We propose an algorithm to reduce the ambiguity of chemical shift and field inhomogeneity and achieved robust fat-water separation in various applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Peng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chuanli Cheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Qian Wan
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Dong Liang
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xin Liu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hairong Zheng
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chao Zou
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
- Key Laboratory for Magnetic Resonance and Multimodality Imaging of Guangdong Province, Shenzhen Institutes of Advance Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, China
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14
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Wang K, Cunha GM, Hasenstab K, Henderson WC, Middleton MS, Cole SA, Umans JG, Ali T, Hsiao A, Sirlin CB. Deep Learning for Inference of Hepatic Proton Density Fat Fraction From T1-Weighted In-Phase and Opposed-Phase MRI: Retrospective Analysis of Population-Based Trial Data. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2023; 221:620-631. [PMID: 37466189 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.23.29607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND. The confounder-corrected chemical shift-encoded MRI (CSE-MRI) sequence used to determine proton density fat fraction (PDFF) for hepatic fat quantification is not widely available. As an alternative, hepatic fat can be assessed by a two-point Dixon method to calculate signal fat fraction (FF) from conventional T1-weighted in- and opposed-phase (IOP) images, although signal FF is prone to biases, leading to inaccurate quantification. OBJECTIVE. The purpose of this study was to compare hepatic fat quantification by use of PDFF inferred from conventional T1-weighted IOP images and deep-learning convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with quantification by use of two-point Dixon signal FF with CSE-MRI PDFF as the reference standard. METHODS. This study entailed retrospective analysis of data from 292 participants (203 women, 89 men; mean age, 53.7 ± 12.0 [SD] years) enrolled at two sites from September 1, 2017, to December 18, 2019, in the Strong Heart Family Study (a prospective population-based study of American Indian communities). Participants underwent liver MRI (site A, 3 T; site B, 1.5 T) including T1-weighted IOP MRI and CSE-MRI (used to reconstruct CSE PDFF and CSE R2* maps). With CSE PDFF as reference, a CNN was trained in a random sample of 218 (75%) participants to infer voxel-by-voxel PDFF maps from T1-weighted IOP images; testing was performed in the other 74 (25%) participants. Parametric values from the entire liver were automatically extracted. Per-participant median CNN-inferred PDFF and median two-point Dixon signal FF were compared with reference median CSE-MRI PDFF by means of linear regression analysis, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), and Bland-Altman analysis. The code is publicly available at github.com/kang927/CNN-inference-of-PDFF-from-T1w-IOP-MR. RESULTS. In the 74 test-set participants, reference CSE PDFF ranged from 1% to 32% (mean, 11.3% ± 8.3% [SD]); reference CSE R2* ranged from 31 to 457 seconds-1 (mean, 62.4 ± 67.3 seconds-1 [SD]). Agreement metrics with reference to CSE PDFF for CNN-inferred PDFF were ICC = 0.99, bias = -0.19%, 95% limits of agreement (LoA) = (-2.80%, 2.71%) and for two-point Dixon signal FF were ICC = 0.93, bias = -1.11%, LoA = (-7.54%, 5.33%). CONCLUSION. Agreement with reference CSE PDFF was better for CNN-inferred PDFF from conventional T1-weighted IOP images than for two-point Dixon signal FF. Further investigation is needed in individuals with moderate-to-severe iron overload. CLINICAL IMPACT. Measurement of CNN-inferred PDFF from widely available T1-weighted IOP images may facilitate adoption of hepatic PDFF as a quantitative bio-marker for liver fat assessment, expanding opportunities to screen for hepatic steatosis and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytic Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Radiology, Stanford University, 500 Pasteur Dr, Palo Alto, CA 94304
| | | | - Kyle Hasenstab
- Department of Radiology, Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytic Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA
| | - Walter C Henderson
- Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Michael S Middleton
- Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Shelley A Cole
- Population Health, Texas Biomedical Research Institute, San Antonio, TX
| | - Jason G Umans
- MedStar Health Research Institute, Field Studies Division, Hyattsville, MD
- Georgetown-Howard Universities Center for Clinical and Translational Science, Washington, DC
| | - Tauqeer Ali
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Center for American Indian Health Research, Hudson College of Public Health, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Albert Hsiao
- Department of Radiology, Artificial Intelligence and Data Analytic Laboratory, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Claude B Sirlin
- Department of Radiology, Liver Imaging Group, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA
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15
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Montrazi ET, Bao Q, Martinho RP, Peters DC, Harris T, Sasson K, Agemy L, Scherz A, Frydman L. Deuterium imaging of the Warburg effect at sub-millimolar concentrations by joint processing of the kinetic and spectral dimensions. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4995. [PMID: 37401393 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 05/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
Deuterium metabolic imaging (DMI) is a promising molecular MRI approach, which follows the administration of deuterated substrates and their metabolization. [6,6'-2 H2 ]-glucose for instance is preferentially converted in tumors to [3,3'-2 H2 ]-lactate as a result of the Warburg effect, providing a distinct resonance whose mapping using time-resolved spectroscopic imaging can diagnose cancer. The MR detection of low-concentration metabolites such as lactate, however, is challenging. It has been recently shown that multi-echo balanced steady-state free precession (ME-bSSFP) increases the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of these experiments approximately threefold over regular chemical shift imaging; the present study examines how DMI's sensitivity can be increased further by advanced processing methods. Some of these, such as compressed sensing multiplicative denoising and block-matching/3D filtering, can be applied to any spectroscopic/imaging methods. Sensitivity-enhancing approaches were also specifically tailored to ME-bSSFP DMI, by relying on priors related to the resonances' positions and to features of the metabolic kinetics. Two new methods are thus proposed that use these constraints for enhancing the sensitivity of both the spectral images and the metabolic kinetics. The ability of these methods to improve DMI is evidenced in pancreatic cancer studies carried at 15.2 T, where suitable implementations of the proposals imparted eightfold or more SNR improvement over the original ME-bSSFP data, at no informational cost. Comparisons with other propositions in the literature are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elton T Montrazi
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Qingjia Bao
- Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Ricardo P Martinho
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Dana C Peters
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Talia Harris
- Department of Chemical Research Support, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Keren Sasson
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lilach Agemy
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Avigdor Scherz
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Lucio Frydman
- Department of Chemical and Biological Physics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
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16
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Jordan VC, Sojoodi M, Shroff S, Pagan PG, Barrett SC, Wellen J, Tanabe KK, Chung RT, Caravan P, Gale EM. Molecular magnetic resonance imaging of liver inflammation using an oxidatively activated probe. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100850. [PMID: 37818152 PMCID: PMC10561122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Many liver diseases are driven by inflammation, but imaging to non-invasively diagnose and quantify liver inflammation has been underdeveloped. The inflammatory liver microenvironment is aberrantly oxidising owing in part to reactive oxygen species generated by myeloid leucocytes. We hypothesised that magnetic resonance imaging using the oxidatively activated probe Fe-PyC3A will provide a non-invasive biomarker of liver inflammation. Methods A mouse model of drug-induced liver injury was generated through intraperitoneal injection of a hepatoxic dose of acetaminophen. A mouse model of steatohepatitis was generated via a choline-deficient, l-amino acid defined high-fat diet (CDAHFD). Images were acquired dynamically before and after intravenous injection of Fe-PyC3A. The contrast agent gadoterate meglumine was used as a non-oxidatively activated negative control probe in mice fed CDAHFD. The (post-pre) Fe-PyC3A injection change in liver vs. muscle contrast-to-noise ratio (ΔCNR) recorded 2 min post-injection was correlated with liver function test values, histologic scoring assigned using the NASH Clinical Research Network criteria, and intrahepatic myeloid leucocyte composition determined by flow cytometry. Results For mice receiving i.p. injections of acetaminophen, intrahepatic neutrophil composition correlated poorly with liver test values but positively and significantly with ΔCNR (r = 0.64, p <0.0001). For mice fed CDAHFD, ΔCNR generated by Fe-PyC3A in the left lobe was significantly greater in mice meeting histologic criteria strongly associated with a diagnosis NASH compared to mice where histology was consistent with likely non-NASH (p = 0.0001), whereas no differential effect was observed using gadoterate meglumine. In mice fed CDAHFD, ΔCNR did not correlate strongly with fractional composition of any specific myeloid cell subpopulation as determined by flow cytometry. Conclusions Magnetic resonance imaging using Fe-PyC3A merits further evaluation as a non-invasive biomarker for liver inflammation. Impact and implications Non-invasive tests to diagnose and measure liver inflammation are underdeveloped. Inflammatory cells such as neutrophils release reactive oxygen species which creates an inflammatory liver microenvironment that can drive chemical oxidation. We recently invented a new class of magnetic resonance imaging probe that is made visible to the scanner only after chemical oxidation. Here, we demonstrate how this imaging technology could be applied as a non-invasive biomarker for liver inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veronica Clavijo Jordan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Mozhdeh Sojoodi
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stuti Shroff
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patricia Gonzalez Pagan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen Cole Barrett
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Kenneth K. Tanabe
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Gastrointestinal and Oncologic Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raymond T. Chung
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Gastroenterology Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Peter Caravan
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric M. Gale
- Athinoula A. Martinos Center for Biomedical Imaging, The Institute for Innovation in Imaging, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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17
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Meneses JP, Arrieta C, Della Maggiora G, Besa C, Urbina J, Arrese M, Gana JC, Galgani JE, Tejos C, Uribe S. Liver PDFF estimation using a multi-decoder water-fat separation neural network with a reduced number of echoes. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:6557-6568. [PMID: 37014405 PMCID: PMC10415440 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-09576-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To accurately estimate liver PDFF from chemical shift-encoded (CSE) MRI using a deep learning (DL)-based Multi-Decoder Water-Fat separation Network (MDWF-Net), that operates over complex-valued CSE-MR images with only 3 echoes. METHODS The proposed MDWF-Net and a U-Net model were independently trained using the first 3 echoes of MRI data from 134 subjects, acquired with conventional 6-echoes abdomen protocol at 1.5 T. Resulting models were then evaluated using unseen CSE-MR images obtained from 14 subjects that were acquired with a 3-echoes CSE-MR pulse sequence with a shorter duration compared to the standard protocol. Resulting PDFF maps were qualitatively assessed by two radiologists, and quantitatively assessed at two corresponding liver ROIs, using Bland Altman and regression analysis for mean values, and ANOVA testing for standard deviation (STD) (significance level: .05). A 6-echo graph cut was considered ground truth. RESULTS Assessment of radiologists demonstrated that, unlike U-Net, MDWF-Net had a similar quality to the ground truth, despite it considered half of the information. Regarding PDFF mean values at ROIs, MDWF-Net showed a better agreement with ground truth (regression slope = 0.94, R2 = 0.97) than U-Net (regression slope = 0.86, R2 = 0.93). Moreover, ANOVA post hoc analysis of STDs showed a statistical difference between graph cuts and U-Net (p < .05), unlike MDWF-Net (p = .53). CONCLUSION MDWF-Net showed a liver PDFF accuracy comparable to the reference graph cut method, using only 3 echoes and thus allowing a reduction in the acquisition times. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT We have prospectively validated that the use of a multi-decoder convolutional neural network to estimate liver proton density fat fraction allows a significant reduction in MR scan time by reducing the number of echoes required by 50%. KEY POINTS • Novel water-fat separation neural network allows for liver PDFF estimation by using multi-echo MR images with a reduced number of echoes. • Prospective single-center validation demonstrated that echo reduction leads to a significant shortening of the scan time, compared to standard 6-echo acquisition. • Qualitative and quantitative performance of the proposed method showed no significant differences in PDFF estimation with respect to the reference technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Pablo Meneses
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering iHEALTH, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristobal Arrieta
- Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering iHEALTH, Santiago, Chile
- Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Alberto Hurtado, Santiago, Chile
| | | | - Cecilia Besa
- Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering iHEALTH, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jesús Urbina
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering iHEALTH, Santiago, Chile
- Complejo Asistencial Dr. Sótero del Río, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marco Arrese
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Cristóbal Gana
- Department of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose E Galgani
- Department of Health Sciences, Nutrition and Dietetics Career, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Nutrition, Diabetes and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Tejos
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
- Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering iHEALTH, Santiago, Chile
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sergio Uribe
- Biomedical Imaging Center, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering iHEALTH, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.
- Department of Medical Imaging and Radiation Sciences, School of Primary and Allied Health Care, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.
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18
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Dimov AV, Li J, Nguyen TD, Roberts AG, Spincemaille P, Straub S, Zun Z, Prince MR, Wang Y. QSM Throughout the Body. J Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 57:1621-1640. [PMID: 36748806 PMCID: PMC10192074 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic materials in tissue, such as iron, calcium, or collagen, can be studied using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM). To date, QSM has been overwhelmingly applied in the brain, but is increasingly utilized outside the brain. QSM relies on the effect of tissue magnetic susceptibility sources on the MR signal phase obtained with gradient echo sequence. However, in the body, the chemical shift of fat present within the region of interest contributes to the MR signal phase as well. Therefore, correcting for the chemical shift effect by means of water-fat separation is essential for body QSM. By employing techniques to compensate for cardiac and respiratory motion artifacts, body QSM has been applied to study liver iron and fibrosis, heart chamber blood and placenta oxygenation, myocardial hemorrhage, atherosclerotic plaque, cartilage, bone, prostate, breast calcification, and kidney stone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey V. Dimov
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jiahao Li
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Thanh D. Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | | | - Pascal Spincemaille
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Sina Straub
- Department of Radiology, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, United States
| | - Zungho Zun
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Martin R. Prince
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, United States
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Skinner JG, Topping GJ, Nagel L, Heid I, Hundshammer C, Grashei M, van Heijster FHA, Braren R, Schilling F. Spectrally selective bSSFP using off-resonant RF excitations permits high spatiotemporal resolution 3D metabolic imaging of hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]Pyruvate-to-[1- 13 C]lactate conversion. Magn Reson Med 2023. [PMID: 37093981 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a high spatiotemporal resolution 3D dynamic pulse sequence for preclinical imaging of hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate-to-[1-13 C]lactate metabolism at 7T. METHODS A standard 3D balanced SSFP (bSSFP) sequence was modified to enable alternating-frequency excitations. RF pulses with 2.33 ms duration and 900 Hz FWHM were placed off-resonance of the target metabolites, [1-13 C]pyruvate (by approximately -245 Hz) and [1-13 C]lactate (by approximately 735 Hz), to selectively excite those resonances. Relatively broad bandwidth (compared to those metabolites' chemical shift offset) permits a short TR of 6.29 ms, enabling higher spatiotemporal resolution. Bloch equation simulations of the bSSFP response profile guided the sequence parameter selection to minimize spectral contamination between metabolites and preserve magnetization over time. RESULTS Bloch equation simulations, phantom studies, and in vivo studies demonstrated that the two target resonances could be cleanly imaged without substantial bSSFP banding artifacts and with little spectral contamination between lactate and pyruvate and from pyruvate hydrate. High spatiotemporal resolution 3D images were acquired of in vivo pyruvate-lactate metabolism in healthy wild-type and endogenous pancreatic tumor-bearing mice, with 1.212 s acquisition time per single-metabolite image and (1.75 mm)3 isotropic voxels with full mouse abdomen 56 × 28 × 21 mm3 FOV and fully-sampled k-space. Kidney and tumor lactate/pyruvate ratios of two consecutive measurements in one animal, 1 h apart, were consistent. CONCLUSION Spectrally selective bSSFP using off-resonant RF excitations can provide high spatio-temporal resolution 3D dynamic images of pyruvate-lactate metabolic conversion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason G Skinner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Geoffrey J Topping
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Nagel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Irina Heid
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Hundshammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Grashei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Frits H A van Heijster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rickmer Braren
- Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, School of Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), Partner Site Munich and German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Munich Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
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20
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Triay Bagur A, McClymont D, Hutton C, Borghetto A, Gyngell ML, Aljabar P, Robson MD, Brady M, Bulte DP. Estimation of field inhomogeneity map following magnitude-based ambiguity-resolved water-fat separation. Magn Reson Imaging 2023; 97:102-111. [PMID: 36632946 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2023.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Magnitude-based PDFF (Proton Density Fat Fraction) and R2∗ mapping with resolved water-fat ambiguity is extended to calculate field inhomogeneity (field map) using the phase images. The estimation is formulated in matrix form, resolving the field map in a least-squares sense. PDFF and R2∗ from magnitude fitting may be updated using the estimated field maps. The limits of quantification of our voxel-independent implementation were assessed. Bland-Altman was used to compare PDFF and field maps from our method against a reference complex-based method on 152 UK Biobank subjects (1.5 T Siemens). A separate acquisition (3 T Siemens) presenting field inhomogeneities was also used. The proposed field mapping was accurate beyond double the complex-based limit range. High agreement was obtained between the proposed method and the reference in UK. Robust field mapping was observed at 3 T, for inhomogeneities over 400 Hz including rapid variation across edges. Field mapping following unambiguous magnitude-based water-fat separation was demonstrated in-vivo and showed potential at 3 T.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandre Triay Bagur
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK; Perspectum Ltd, Oxford, UK.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Daniel P Bulte
- Department of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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21
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Jeon KJ, Park Y, Jeong H, Lee C, Choi YJ, Han SS. Parotid gland evaluation of menopausal women with xerostomia using the iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL-IQ) method of MRI: a pilot study. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2023; 52:20220349. [PMID: 36695352 PMCID: PMC10170170 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr.20220349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 12/25/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study aimed to analyze the quantitative fat fraction (FF) of the parotid gland in menopausal females with xerostomia using the iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL-IQ) method. METHODS A total 138 parotid glands of 69 menopausal females were enrolled in our study and participants were divided into normal group and xerostomia group. The xerostomia group was divided into those with or without Sjögren's syndrome. Participants underwent IDEAL-IQ sequences of MRI and the stimulated salivary flow test (s-SFR). The unpaired t-test was used to compare the FFs between the normal and xerostomia groups and between the subgroups with and without Sjögren's syndrome. The correlation between FF and s-SFR was analyzed by Pearson's correlation. RESULTS Excellent intra- and interobserver agreement during the measurement of FFs by IDEAL-IQ method (ICC>0.99, respectively). FF value in the xerostomia group was statistically significantly higher than the value in the normal group (p < 0.05). Within the xerostomia group, the average FF value of females with Sjögren's syndrome was higher than that of females without Sjögren's syndrome. However, the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). Within the xerostomia group, FF value correlated negatively with s-SFR (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The FF of the parotid gland was higher in the xerostomia group than in the normal group and FF value and s-SFR showed a negative correlation. Analyses of the FF using IDEAL-IQ in menopausal females can be helpful for the quantitative diagnosis of xerostomia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kug Jin Jeon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Younjung Park
- Department of Orofacial Pain and Oral Medicine, Yonsei Dental Hospital, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hui Jeong
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chena Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Joo Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Sun Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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22
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Bray TJP, Bainbridge A, Lim E, Hall-Craggs MA, Zhang H. MAGORINO: Magnitude-only fat fraction and R * 2 estimation with Rician noise modeling. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:1173-1192. [PMID: 36321525 PMCID: PMC10092287 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2022] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Magnitude-based fitting of chemical shift-encoded data enables proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and R 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ estimation where complex-based methods fail or when phase data are inaccessible or unreliable. However, traditional magnitude-based fitting algorithms do not account for Rician noise, creating a source of bias. To address these issues, we propose an algorithm for magnitude-only PDFF and R 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ estimation with Rician noise modeling (MAGORINO). METHODS Simulations of multi-echo gradient-echo signal intensities are used to investigate the performance and behavior of MAGORINO over the space of clinically plausible PDFF, R 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ , and SNR values. Fitting performance is assessed through detailed simulation, including likelihood function visualization, and in a multisite, multivendor, and multi-field-strength phantom data set and in vivo. RESULTS Simulations show that Rician noise-based magnitude fitting outperforms existing Gaussian noise-based fitting and reveals two key mechanisms underpinning the observed improvement. First, the likelihood functions exhibit two local optima; Rician noise modeling increases the chance that the global optimum corresponds to the ground truth. Second, when the global optimum corresponds to ground truth for both noise models, the optimum from Rician noise modeling is closer to ground truth. Multisite phantom experiments show good agreement of MAGORINO PDFF with reference values, and in vivo experiments replicate the performance benefits observed in simulation. CONCLUSION The MAGORINO algorithm reduces Rician noise-related bias in PDFF and R 2 * $$ {R}_2^{\ast } $$ estimation, thus addressing a key limitation of existing magnitude-only fitting methods. Our results offer insight into the importance of the noise model for selecting the correct optimum when multiple plausible optima exist.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J P Bray
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Imaging, University College London Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Alan Bainbridge
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Physics, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Lim
- Department of Imaging, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret A Hall-Craggs
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,Department of Medical Physics, University College London Hospitals, London, United Kingdom
| | - Hui Zhang
- Department of Computer Science and Centre for Medical Image Computing, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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23
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Emin S, Oei EHG, Englund M, Peterson P. Imaging‐based assessment of fatty acid composition in human bone marrow adipose tissue at 7 T: Method comparison and in vivo feasibility. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:240-249. [PMID: 37119515 PMCID: PMC7614489 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To demonstrate the feasibility and accuracy of chemical shift-encoded imaging of the fatty acid composition (FAC) of human bone marrow adipose tissue at 7 T, and to determine suitable image-acquisition parameters using simulations. METHODS The noise performance of FAC estimation was investigated using simulations with a range of inter-echo time, and accuracy was assessed using a phantom experiment. Furthermore, one knee of 8 knee-healthy subjects (ages 35-54 years) was imaged, and the fractions of saturated fatty acids (SFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) were mapped. Values were compared between reconstruction methods, and between anatomical regions. RESULTS Based on simulations, ΔTE = 0.6 ms was chosen. The phantom experiment demonstrated high accuracy of especially SFA using a constrained reconstruction model (slope = 1.1, average bias = -0.2%). The lowest accuracy was seen for PUFA using a free model (slope = 2.0, average bias = 9.0%). For in vivo images, the constrained model resulted in lower intersubject variation compared with the free model (e.g., in the femoral shaft, the SFA percent-point range was within 1.0% [vs. 3.0%]). Furthermore, significant regional FAC differences were detected. For example, using the constrained approach, the femoral SFA in the medial condyle was lower compared with the shaft (median [range]: 27.9% [27.1%, 28.4%] vs. 32.5% [31.8%, 32.8%]). CONCLUSION Bone marrow adipose tissue FAC quantification using chemical-shift encoding is feasible at 7 T. Both the noise performance and accuracy of the technique are superior using a constrained signal model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sevgi Emin
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine Lund University Malmö Sweden
| | - Edwin H. G. Oei
- Department of Radiology & Nuclear Medicine Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Martin Englund
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Orthopedics, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund Lund University Lund Sweden
| | - Pernilla Peterson
- Medical Radiation Physics, Department of Translational Medicine Lund University Malmö Sweden
- Imaging and Physiology Skåne University Hospital Lund Sweden
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24
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Jerban S, Ma Y, Tang Q, Fu E, Szeverenyi N, Jang H, Chung CB, Du J, Chang EY. Robust Assessment of Macromolecular Fraction (MMF) in Muscle with Differing Fat Fraction Using Ultrashort Echo Time (UTE) Magnetization Transfer Modeling with Measured T1. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:876. [PMID: 36900019 PMCID: PMC10001337 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13050876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is widely regarded as the most comprehensive imaging modality to assess skeletal muscle quality and quantity. Magnetization transfer (MT) imaging can be used to estimate the fraction of water and macromolecular proton pools, with the latter including the myofibrillar proteins and collagen, which are related to the muscle quality and its ability to generate force. MT modeling combined with ultrashort echo time (UTE-MT modeling) may improve the evaluation of the myotendinous junction and regions with fibrotic tissues in the skeletal muscles, which possess short T2 values and higher bound-water concentration. The fat present in muscle has always been a source of concern in macromolecular fraction (MMF) calculation. This study aimed to investigate the impact of fat fraction (FF) on the estimated MMF in bovine skeletal muscle phantoms embedded in pure fat. MMF was calculated for several regions of interest (ROIs) with differing FFs using UTE-MT modeling with and without T1 measurement and B1 correction. Calculated MMF using measured T1 showed a robust trend, particularly with a negligible error (<3%) for FF < 20%. Around 5% MMF reduction occurred for FF > 30%. However, MMF estimation using a constant T1 was robust only for regions with FF < 10%. The MTR and T1 values were also robust for only FF < 10%. This study highlights the potential of the UTE-MT modeling with accurate T1 measurement for robust muscle assessment while remaining insensitive to fat infiltration up to moderate levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Jerban
- Department of Radiology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Yajun Ma
- Department of Radiology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Qingbo Tang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Eddie Fu
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Nikolaus Szeverenyi
- Department of Radiology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
| | - Hyungseok Jang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Christine B. Chung
- Department of Radiology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Radiology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
| | - Eric Y. Chang
- Department of Radiology, University of California, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92093, USA
- Radiology Service, Veterans Affairs San Diego Healthcare System, La Jolla, San Diego, CA 92161, USA
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25
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Basty N, Thanaj M, Cule M, Sorokin EP, Liu Y, Thomas EL, Bell JD, Whitcher B. Artifact-free fat-water separation in Dixon MRI using deep learning. JOURNAL OF BIG DATA 2023; 10:4. [PMID: 36686622 PMCID: PMC9835035 DOI: 10.1186/s40537-022-00677-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Chemical-shift encoded MRI (CSE-MRI) is a widely used technique for the study of body composition and metabolic disorders, where derived fat and water signals enable the quantification of adipose tissue and muscle. The UK Biobank is acquiring whole-body Dixon MRI (a specific implementation of CSE-MRI) for over 100,000 participants. Current processing methods associated with large whole-body volumes are time intensive and prone to artifacts during fat-water separation performed by the scanner, making quantitative analysis challenging. The most common artifacts are fat-water swaps, where the labels are inverted at the voxel level. It is common for researchers to discard swapped data (generally around 10%), which is wasteful and may lead to unintended biases. Given the large number of whole-body Dixon MRI acquisitions in the UK Biobank, thousands of swaps are expected to be present in the fat and water volumes from image reconstruction performed on the scanner. If they go undetected, errors will propagate into processes such as organ segmentation, and dilute the results in population-based analyses. There is a clear need for a robust method to accurately separate fat and water volumes in big data collections like the UK Biobank. We formulate fat-water separation as a style transfer problem, where swap-free fat and water volumes are predicted from the acquired Dixon MRI data using a conditional generative adversarial network, and introduce a new loss function for the generator model. Our method is able to predict highly accurate fat and water volumes free from artifacts in the UK Biobank. We show that our model separates fat and water volumes using either single input (in-phase only) or dual input (in-phase and opposed-phase) data, with the latter producing superior results. Our proposed method enables faster and more accurate downstream analysis of body composition from Dixon MRI in population studies by eliminating the need for visual inspection or discarding data due to fat-water swaps. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s40537-022-00677-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Basty
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Marjola Thanaj
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | | | | | - Yi Liu
- Calico Life Sciences LLC, South San Francisco, USA
| | - E. Louise Thomas
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Jimmy D. Bell
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London, UK
| | - Brandon Whitcher
- Research Centre for Optimal Health, University of Westminster, London, UK
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26
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Dong Y, Riedel M, Koolstra K, van Osch MJP, Börnert P. Water/fat separation for self-navigated diffusion-weighted multishot echo-planar imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4822. [PMID: 36031585 PMCID: PMC10078174 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to develop a self-navigation strategy to improve scan efficiency and image quality of water/fat-separated, diffusion-weighted multishot echo-planar imaging (ms-EPI). This is accomplished by acquiring chemical shift-encoded diffusion-weighted data and using an appropriate water-fat and diffusion-encoded signal model to enable reconstruction directly from k-space data. Multishot EPI provides reduced geometric distortion and improved signal-to-noise ratio in diffusion-weighted imaging compared with single-shot approaches. Multishot acquisitions require corrections for physiological motion-induced shot-to-shot phase errors using either extra navigators or self-navigation principles. In addition, proper fat suppression is important, especially in regions with large B0 inhomogeneity. This makes the use of chemical shift encoding attractive. However, when combined with ms-EPI, shot-to-shot phase navigation can be challenging because of the spatial displacement of fat signals along the phase-encoding direction. In this work, a new model-based, self-navigated water/fat separation reconstruction algorithm is proposed. Experiments in legs and in the head-neck region of 10 subjects were performed to validate the algorithm. The results are compared with an image-based, two-dimensional (2D) navigated water/fat separation approach for ms-EPI and with a conventional fat saturation approach. Compared with the 2D navigated method, the use of self-navigation reduced the shot duration time by 30%-35%. The proposed algorithm provided improved diffusion-weighted water images in both leg and head-neck regions compared with the 2D navigator-based approach. The proposed algorithm also produced better fat suppression compared with the conventional fat saturation technique in the B0 inhomogeneous regions. In conclusion, the proposed self-navigated reconstruction algorithm can produce superior water-only diffusion-weighted EPI images with less artefacts compared with the existing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Dong
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Malte Riedel
- Institute for Biomedical EngineeringETH Zurich and University of ZurichZurichSwitzerland
| | - Kirsten Koolstra
- Division of Image Processing, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Matthias J. P. van Osch
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
| | - Peter Börnert
- C. J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of RadiologyLeiden University Medical CenterLeidenThe Netherlands
- Philips Research HamburgHamburgGermany
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Detection of erosions and fat metaplasia of the sacroiliac joints in patients with suspected sacroiliitis using a chemical shift-encoded sequence (IDEAL-IQ). Eur J Radiol 2023; 158:110641. [PMID: 36495683 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2022.110641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 10/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the performance of a chemical shift-encoded sequence called IDEAL-IQ for detecting sacroiliac joint (SIJ) erosions and fat metaplasia compared to T1-weighted fast spin echo (T1 FSE) using qualitative and quantitative analysis. METHOD Thirty-four patients with suspicion of sacroiliitis who underwent both MRI and CT were included. Each SIJ was divided into four quadrants for analysis. For qualitative analysis, the diagnostic performance of IDEAL-IQ and T1 FSE for erosions were compared by the McNemar test, using CT as the gold standard. Cochran's Q and McNemar tests were used to determine differences in structural changes detected by different imaging methods. For quantitative analysis, two-sample t test and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis were used for the analysis of histogram parameters of proton density fat fraction (PDFF). RESULTS Diagnostic sensitivity and accuracy of IDEAL-IQ were greater than T1 FSE for erosions (all P < 0.05). IDEAL-IQ and CT detected more erosions than T1 FSE (all P < 0.05). IDEAL-IQ did not statistically significantly differ from T1 FSE for the detection of fat metaplasia (P = 0.678). All histogram parameters were different between groups with and without fat metaplasia (all P < 0.05) and could distinguish the two groups (all P < 0.05). PDFF75th was the most effective histogram parameter. CONCLUSION IDEAL-IQ detects SIJ erosions with better accuracy than T1 FSE and is similar to T1 FSE for detection of fat metaplasia, enabling further quantitative analysis of the latter via histogram analysis.
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Ying J, Cattell R, Zhao T, Lei L, Jiang Z, Hussain SM, Gao Y, Chow HHS, Stopeck AT, Thompson PA, Huang C. Two fully automated data-driven 3D whole-breast segmentation strategies in MRI for MR-based breast density using image registration and U-Net with a focus on reproducibility. Vis Comput Ind Biomed Art 2022; 5:25. [PMID: 36219359 PMCID: PMC9554077 DOI: 10.1186/s42492-022-00121-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Presence of higher breast density (BD) and persistence over time are risk factors for breast cancer. A quantitatively accurate and highly reproducible BD measure that relies on precise and reproducible whole-breast segmentation is desirable. In this study, we aimed to develop a highly reproducible and accurate whole-breast segmentation algorithm for the generation of reproducible BD measures. Three datasets of volunteers from two clinical trials were included. Breast MR images were acquired on 3 T Siemens Biograph mMR, Prisma, and Skyra using 3D Cartesian six-echo GRE sequences with a fat-water separation technique. Two whole-breast segmentation strategies, utilizing image registration and 3D U-Net, were developed. Manual segmentation was performed. A task-based analysis was performed: a previously developed MR-based BD measure, MagDensity, was calculated and assessed using automated and manual segmentation. The mean squared error (MSE) and intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) between MagDensity were evaluated using the manual segmentation as a reference. The test-retest reproducibility of MagDensity derived from different breast segmentation methods was assessed using the difference between the test and retest measures (Δ2-1), MSE, and ICC. The results showed that MagDensity derived by the registration and deep learning segmentation methods exhibited high concordance with manual segmentation, with ICCs of 0.986 (95%CI: 0.974-0.993) and 0.983 (95%CI: 0.961-0.992), respectively. For test-retest analysis, MagDensity derived using the registration algorithm achieved the smallest MSE of 0.370 and highest ICC of 0.993 (95%CI: 0.982-0.997) when compared to other segmentation methods. In conclusion, the proposed registration and deep learning whole-breast segmentation methods are accurate and reliable for estimating BD. Both methods outperformed a previously developed algorithm and manual segmentation in the test-retest assessment, with the registration exhibiting superior performance for highly reproducible BD measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Ying
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Renee Cattell
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Tianyun Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Lan Lei
- Department of Medicine, Northside Hospital Gwinnett, Lawrenceville, GA, 30046, USA
- Program of Public Health, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Zhao Jiang
- Department of Radiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Shahid M Hussain
- Department of Radiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Yi Gao
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Health Science Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | | | - Alison T Stopeck
- Department of Medicine, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Patricia A Thompson
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
- Department of Medicine, Cedar Sinai Cancer, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, 90048, USA
| | - Chuan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Renaissance School of Medicine, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
- Stony Brook Cancer Center, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA.
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Henze Bancroft L, Holmes J, Bosca-Harasim R, Johnson J, Wang P, Korosec F, Block W, Strigel R. An Anthropomorphic Digital Reference Object (DRO) for Simulation and Analysis of Breast DCE MRI Techniques. Tomography 2022; 8:1005-1023. [PMID: 35448715 PMCID: PMC9031444 DOI: 10.3390/tomography8020081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in accelerated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) continue to push the bounds on achievable spatial and temporal resolution while maintaining a clinically acceptable image quality. Validation tools, including numerical simulations, are needed to characterize the repeatability and reproducibility of such methods for use in quantitative imaging applications. We describe the development of a simulation framework for analyzing and optimizing accelerated MRI acquisition and reconstruction techniques used in dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) breast imaging. The simulation framework, in the form of a digital reference object (DRO), consists of four modules that control different aspects of the simulation, including the appearance and physiological behavior of the breast tissue as well as the MRI acquisition settings, to produce simulated k-space data for a DCE breast exam. The DRO design and functionality are described along with simulation examples provided to show potential applications of the DRO. The included simulation results demonstrate the ability of the DRO to simulate a variety of effects including the creation of simulated lesions, tissue enhancement modeled by the generalized kinetic model, T1-relaxation, fat signal precession and saturation, acquisition SNR, and changes in temporal resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Henze Bancroft
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (J.H.); (J.J.); (F.K.); (W.B.); (R.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - James Holmes
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (J.H.); (J.J.); (F.K.); (W.B.); (R.S.)
- Department of Radiology, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52333, USA
- Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Iowa, 169 Newton Road, Iowa City, IA 52333, USA
| | - Ryan Bosca-Harasim
- Department of Imaging Physics, Sanford Health, 801 Broadway North, Fargo, ND 58102, USA;
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Jacob Johnson
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (J.H.); (J.J.); (F.K.); (W.B.); (R.S.)
| | - Pingni Wang
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Frank Korosec
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (J.H.); (J.J.); (F.K.); (W.B.); (R.S.)
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
| | - Walter Block
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (J.H.); (J.J.); (F.K.); (W.B.); (R.S.)
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin, 1415 Engineering Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Roberta Strigel
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 600 Highland Ave, Madison, WI 53792, USA; (J.H.); (J.J.); (F.K.); (W.B.); (R.S.)
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA;
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792, USA
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30
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Brancato V, Della Pepa G, Bozzetto L, Vitale M, Annuzzi G, Basso L, Cavaliere C, Salvatore M, Rivellese AA, Monti S. Evaluation of a Whole-Liver Dixon-Based MRI Approach for Quantification of Liver Fat in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Treated with Two Isocaloric Different Diets. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12020514. [PMID: 35204604 PMCID: PMC8871286 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12020514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Dixon-based methods for the detection of fatty liver have the advantage of being non-invasive, easy to perform and analyze, and to provide a whole-liver coverage during the acquisition. The aim of the study was to assess the feasibility of a whole-liver Dixon-based approach for liver fat quantification in type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients who underwent two different isocaloric dietary treatments: a diet rich in monosaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and a multifactorial diet. Thirty-nine T2D patients were randomly assigned to MUFA diet (n = 21) and multifactorial diet (n = 18). The mean values of the proton density fat fraction (PDFF) over the whole liver and over the ROI corresponding to that chosen for MRS were compared to MRS-PDFF using Spearman’s correlation (ρ). Before–after changes in percentage of liver volume corresponding to MRI-PDFF above thresholds associated with hepatic steatosis (LV%TH, with TH = 5.56%, 7.97% and 8.8%) were considered to assess the proposed approach and compared between diets using Wilcoxon rank-sum test. Statistical significance set at p < 0.05. A strong linear relationship was found between MRS-PDFF and MRI-PDFFs (ρ = 0.85, p < 0.0001). Changes in LV%TH% were significantly higher (p < 0.05) in the multifactorial diet than in MUFA diet (25% vs. 9%, 35% vs. 12%, and 38% vs. 13% decrease, respectively, for TH = 5.56%, 7.97%, and 8.8%) and this was reproducible compared to results obtained using the standard liver fat analysis. A volumetric approach based on Dixon method could be an effective, non-invasive technique that could be used for the quantitative analysis of hepatic steatosis in T2D patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Brancato
- IRCCS Synlab SDN, 80143 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (C.C.); (M.S.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Giuseppe Della Pepa
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.D.P.); (L.B.); (M.V.); (G.A.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Lutgarda Bozzetto
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.D.P.); (L.B.); (M.V.); (G.A.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Marilena Vitale
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.D.P.); (L.B.); (M.V.); (G.A.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Giovanni Annuzzi
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.D.P.); (L.B.); (M.V.); (G.A.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Luca Basso
- IRCCS Synlab SDN, 80143 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (C.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Carlo Cavaliere
- IRCCS Synlab SDN, 80143 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (C.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Marco Salvatore
- IRCCS Synlab SDN, 80143 Naples, Italy; (L.B.); (C.C.); (M.S.)
| | - Angela Albarosa Rivellese
- Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy; (G.D.P.); (L.B.); (M.V.); (G.A.); (A.A.R.)
| | - Serena Monti
- Institute of Biostructures and Bioimaging, National Research Council, 80145 Naples, Italy;
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Roberts NT, Hernando D, Panagiotopoulos N, Reeder SB. Addressing concomitant gradient phase errors in time-interleaved chemical shift-encoded MRI fat fraction and R 2 * mapping with a pass-specific phase fitting method. Magn Reson Med 2022; 87:2826-2838. [PMID: 35122450 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Concomitant gradients induce phase errors that increase quadratically with distance from isocenter. This work proposes a complex-based fitting method that addresses concomitant gradient phase errors in chemical shift encoded (CSE) MRI estimation of proton density fat fraction (PDFF) and R2 * through joint estimation of pass-specific phase terms. This method is applicable to time-interleaved multi-echo gradient-echo acquisitions (i.e., multi-pass acquisitions) and does not require prior knowledge of gradient waveforms typically needed to address concomitant gradient phase errors. THEORY AND METHODS A CSE-MRI spoiled gradient echo signal model, with pass-specific phase terms, is introduced for non-linear least squares estimation of PDFF and R2 * in the presence of concomitant gradient phase errors. Cramér-Rao lower bound analysis was used to determine noise performance tradeoffs of the proposed fitting method, which was then validated in both phantom and in vivo experiments. RESULTS The proposed fitting method removed PDFF and R2 * estimation errors up to 12% and 10 s-1 , respectively, at ±12 cm off isocenter (S/I) in a water phantom. In healthy volunteers, PDFF and R2 * bias was reduced by ~10% (12 cm off-isocenter) and ~30 s-1 (16 cm off-isocenter), respectively. An evaluation in 29 clinical liver datasets demonstrated reduced PDFF bias and variability (8.4% improvement in the coefficient of variation), even with the imaging volume centered at isocenter. CONCLUSION Concomitant gradient induced phase errors in multi-pass CSE-MRI acquisitions can result in PDFF and R2 * estimation biases away from isocenter. The proposed fitting method enables accurate PDFF and R2 * quantification in the presence of concomitant gradient phase errors without knowledge of imaging gradient waveforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan T Roberts
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Diego Hernando
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Scott B Reeder
- Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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32
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Liu D, Lin C, Liu B, Qi J, Wen H, Tu L, Wei Q, Kong Q, Xie Y, Gu J. Quantification of Fat Metaplasia in the Sacroiliac Joints of Patients With Axial Spondyloarthritis by Chemical Shift-Encoded MRI: A Diagnostic Trial. Front Immunol 2022; 12:811672. [PMID: 35116037 PMCID: PMC8804375 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.811672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To study the diagnostic performance of chemical shift-encoded MRI (CSE-MRI) in the diagnosis of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA). Methods CSE-MRI images were acquired for consecutive patients complaining of back pain as well as healthy volunteers. Proton density fat fraction (PDFF) values were measured independently by two readers. Diagnostic performance of CSE-MRI was analyzed by sensitivity analysis and ROC curve analysis. Logistic regression analysis was employed to investigate the risk factors of extensive fat deposition in the SIJs. Results A total of 52 r-axSpA patients, 37 nr-axSpA patients, 24 non-SpA patients and 34 healthy volunteers were included. Mean PDFF values in the SIJs of patients with r-axSpA and nr-axSpA (72.7% and 64.5%) were significantly higher than non-SpA patients and healthy volunteers (56.0% and 57.6%) (p<0.001). By defining extensive fat deposition in the SIJs as ≥8 ROIs with PDFF values over 70%, its sensitivity and specificity in diagnosing axSpA reached 72.47% and 86.21%%. By joining bone marrow edema (BME) with ≥8 ROIs (PDFF>70%), 22 (24.71%) and 23 (25.84%) more axSpA patients were classified as SIJ MRI (+) by reader 1 and 2, but specificities decreased by 15.52% and 10.34%. Multivariate logistic regression analysis confirmed longer disease duration as the independent risk factor of extensive fat deposition in SIJs (OR=1.15, 95%CI[1.03, 1.32]), while bDMARDs medication was a protective factor (OR=0.15, 95%CI[0.04, 0.51]). Conclusion CSE-MRI is a reliable tool to quantitively assess the fat metaplasia in the SIJs of axSpA patients. Extensive fat deposition in the SIJs could add incremental diagnostic value to BME, but at the cost of decreased specificities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Churong Lin
- Radiology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Budian Liu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huiquan Wen
- Radiology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liudan Tu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qiujing Wei
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingcong Kong
- Radiology Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya Xie
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jieruo Gu
- Department of Rheumatology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jieruo Gu,
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Fernández-Verdejo R, Malo-Vintimilla L, Gutiérrez-Pino J, López-Fuenzalida A, Olmos P, Irarrazaval P, Galgani JE. Similar Metabolic Health in Overweight/Obese Individuals With Contrasting Metabolic Flexibility to an Oral Glucose Tolerance Test. Front Nutr 2021; 8:745907. [PMID: 34869522 PMCID: PMC8637191 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.745907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Low metabolic flexibility (MetF) may be an underlying factor for metabolic health impairment. Individuals with low MetF are thus expected to have worse metabolic health than subjects with high MetF. Therefore, we aimed to compare metabolic health in individuals with contrasting MetF to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Methods: In individuals with excess body weight, we measured MetF as the change in respiratory quotient (RQ) from fasting to 1 h after ingestion of a 75-g glucose load (i.e., OGTT). Individuals were then grouped into low and high MetF (Low-MetF n = 12; High-MetF n = 13). The groups had similar body mass index, body fat, sex, age, and maximum oxygen uptake. Metabolic health markers (clinical markers, insulin sensitivity/resistance, abdominal fat, and intrahepatic fat) were compared between groups. Results: Fasting glucose, triglycerides (TG), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were similar between groups. So were insulin sensitivity/resistance, visceral, and intrahepatic fat. Nevertheless, High-MetF individuals had higher diastolic blood pressure, a larger drop in TG concentration during the OGTT, and a borderline significant (P = 0.05) higher Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue (SAT). Further, compared to Low-MetF, High-MetF individuals had an about 2-fold steeper slope for the relationship between SAT and fat mass index. Conclusion: Individuals with contrasting MetF to an OGTT had similar metabolic health. Yet High-MetF appears related to enhanced circulating TG clearance and enlarged subcutaneous fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo Fernández-Verdejo
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Laboratorio de Fisiología del Ejercicio y Metabolismo (LABFEM), Escuela de Kinesiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Finis Terrae, Santiago, Chile
| | - Lorena Malo-Vintimilla
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Juan Gutiérrez-Pino
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Antonio López-Fuenzalida
- Carrera de Kinesiología, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Disciplinary Department of Kinesiology, Faculty of Health Science, Universidad de Playa Ancha, Valparaíso, Chile
| | - Pablo Olmos
- Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo Irarrazaval
- Departamento de Ingeniería Eléctrica e Instituto de Ingeniería Biológica y Médica, Escuelas de Ingeniería, Medicina y Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Jose E Galgani
- Carrera de Nutrición y Dietética, Departamento de Ciencias de la Salud, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Departamento de Nutrición, Diabetes y Metabolismo, Facultad de Medicina, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Weingärtner S, Desmond KL, Obuchowski NA, Baessler B, Zhang Y, Biondetti E, Ma D, Golay X, Boss MA, Gunter JL, Keenan KE, Hernando D. Development, validation, qualification, and dissemination of quantitative MR methods: Overview and recommendations by the ISMRM quantitative MR study group. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:1184-1206. [PMID: 34825741 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
On behalf of the International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine (ISMRM) Quantitative MR Study Group, this article provides an overview of considerations for the development, validation, qualification, and dissemination of quantitative MR (qMR) methods. This process is framed in terms of two central technical performance properties, i.e., bias and precision. Although qMR is confounded by undesired effects, methods with low bias and high precision can be iteratively developed and validated. For illustration, two distinct qMR methods are discussed throughout the manuscript: quantification of liver proton-density fat fraction, and cardiac T1 . These examples demonstrate the expansion of qMR methods from research centers toward widespread clinical dissemination. The overall goal of this article is to provide trainees, researchers, and clinicians with essential guidelines for the development and validation of qMR methods, as well as an understanding of necessary steps and potential pitfalls for the dissemination of quantitative MR in research and in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Weingärtner
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Kimberly L Desmond
- Brain Health Imaging Centre, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Nancy A Obuchowski
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Bettina Baessler
- Institute of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Yuxin Zhang
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Emma Biondetti
- Department of Neuroscience, Imaging and Clinical Sciences, D'Annunzio University of Chieti and Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Dan Ma
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Xavier Golay
- Brain Repair & Rehabilitation, Institute of Neurology, University College London, United Kingdom.,Gold Standard Phantoms Limited, Rochester, United Kingdom
| | - Michael A Boss
- Center for Research and Innovation, American College of Radiology, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Kathryn E Keenan
- National Institute of Standards and Technology, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - Diego Hernando
- Department of Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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35
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El Sabbagh N, Chassain C, Ratiney H, Pagés G, Bonny JM. Spurious phase correction in rapid metabolic imaging. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2021; 332:107065. [PMID: 34560390 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2021.107065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
IDEAL-type magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) sequences require the acquisition of several datasets using optimized sampling in the time domain to reconstruct metabolite maps. Each unitary scan consists of a selective slice (2D) or slab (3D) excitation followed by an evolution time and then the acquisition of the spatially encoded signal. It is critical that the phase variation during the evolution time for each scan is only dependent on chemical shifts. In this paper, we described the apparition of spurious phase due to either the transmit or the receive frequency. The presence of this unwanted phase depends on (i) where the commutation between these two frequencies is performed and (ii) how it is done, as there are two phase commutation modes: continuous and coherent. We present the correction needed in function of the different cases. It appears that some solutions are universal. However, it is critical to know which case is implemented on the MRI scanner, which is not always easy information to have. We illustrated several cases with our preclinical MRI by using the IDEAL spiral method on a 13C phantom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nour El Sabbagh
- INRAE, UR QuaPA, F-63122 Saint-Gènes-Champanelle, France; INRAE, AgroResonance Facility, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France.
| | - Carine Chassain
- INRAE, UR QuaPA, F-63122 Saint-Gènes-Champanelle, France; INRAE, AgroResonance Facility, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France; Université Clermont Auvergne, CHU, CNRS, Clermont Auvergne INP, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Hélène Ratiney
- Univ Lyon, INSA-Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, UJM Saint Etienne, CNRS, Inserm, CREATIS UMR5220, U1294, F-69621, LYON, France
| | - Guilhem Pagés
- INRAE, UR QuaPA, F-63122 Saint-Gènes-Champanelle, France; INRAE, AgroResonance Facility, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
| | - Jean-Marie Bonny
- INRAE, UR QuaPA, F-63122 Saint-Gènes-Champanelle, France; INRAE, AgroResonance Facility, F-63122 Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France
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Tobaly D, Laforêt P, Stojkovic T, Behin A, Petit FM, Barp A, Bello L, Carlier P, Carlier RY. Whole-body muscle MRI in McArdle disease. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 32:5-14. [PMID: 34711478 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.07.397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
This study describes muscle involvement on whole-body MRI (WB-MRI) scans at different stages of McArdle disease. WB-MRI was performed on fifteen genetically confirmed McArdle disease patients between ages 25 to 80. The degree of fatty substitution was scored for 60 muscles using Mercuri's classification. All patients reported an intolerance to exercise and episodes of rhabdomyolysis. A mild fixed muscle weakness was observed in 13/15 patients with neck flexor weakness in 7/15 cases, and proximal muscle weakness in 6/15 cases. A moderate scapular winging was observed in five patients. A careful review of the MRI scans, as well as hierarchical clustering of patients by Mercuri scores, pointed out recurrent muscle changes particularly in the subscapularis, anterior serratus, erector spinae and quadratus femoris muscles. WB-MRI imaging provides clinically relevant information and is a useful tool to orient toward the diagnosis of McArdle disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Tobaly
- APHP, Service de Radiologie GH Université Paris-Saclay DMU Smart Imaging, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, 104 boulevard Raymond Poincaré, Garches 94400, France.
| | - Pascal Laforêt
- APHP, Service de Radiologie GH Université Paris-Saclay DMU Smart Imaging, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, 104 boulevard Raymond Poincaré, Garches 94400, France; AP-HP, Service de Neurologie, GH Université Paris-Saclay, DMU Neuro-Handicap, Hôpital Raymond-Poincaré, Garches, France; Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, France
| | | | - Anthony Behin
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, France
| | - Francois Michael Petit
- APHP, Laboratoire de Génétique Moléculaire, Université Paris Saclay, Hôpital Antoine Béclère, Clamart 92140, France
| | - Andrea Barp
- Neurosciences Department (DNS), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Luca Bello
- Neurosciences Department (DNS), University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Pierre Carlier
- AIM & CEA NMR Laboratory, Institute of Myology, Pitié-Salpêtrière University Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Robert-Yves Carlier
- APHP, Service de Radiologie GH Université Paris-Saclay DMU Smart Imaging, Hôpital Raymond Poincaré, 104 boulevard Raymond Poincaré, Garches 94400, France; Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires Nord/Est/Ile de France, France; UMR 1179, Université Versailles Saint Quentin en Yvelines, Paris Saclay, France
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Chaturvedi A. Pediatric skeletal diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging: part 1 - technical considerations and optimization strategies. Pediatr Radiol 2021; 51:1562-1574. [PMID: 33792751 DOI: 10.1007/s00247-021-04975-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Diffusion-weighted MRI, or DWI, is a fast, quantitative technique that is easily integrated into a morphological MR acquisition. The ability of DWI to aid in detecting multifocal skeletal pathology and in characterizing tissue cellularity to a level beyond that possible with other techniques makes it a niche component of multiparametric MR imaging of the skeleton. Besides its role in disease detection and establishing cellularity and character of osseous lesions, DWI continues to be examined as a surrogate biomarker for therapeutic response of several childhood bone tumors. There is increasing interest in harnessing DWI as a potential substitute to alternative modes of imaging evaluation that involve radiation or administration of intravenous contrast agent or radiopharmaceuticals, for example in early detection and diagnosis of capital femoral epiphyseal ischemia in cases of Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease, or diagnosis and staging of lymphoma. The expected evolution of skeletal diffusivity characteristics with maturation and the unique disease processes that affect the pediatric skeleton necessitate a pediatric-specific discussion. In this article, the author examines the developmentally appropriate normal appearances, technique, artifacts and pitfalls of pediatric skeletal DWI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Apeksha Chaturvedi
- Division of Pediatric Radiology, Department of Imaging Sciences, University of Rochester Medical Center, 601 Elmwood Ave., Rochester, NY, 14642, USA.
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Dong Y, Koolstra K, Riedel M, van Osch MJP, Börnert P. Regularized joint water-fat separation with B 0 map estimation in image space for 2D-navigated interleaved EPI based diffusion MRI. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:3034-3051. [PMID: 34255392 PMCID: PMC8596522 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To develop a new water–fat separation and B0 estimation algorithm to effectively suppress the multiple resonances of fat signal in EPI. This is especially relevant for DWI where fat is often a confounding factor. Methods Water–fat separation based on chemical‐shift encoding enables robust fat suppression in routine MRI. However, for EPI the different chemical‐shift displacements of the multiple fat resonances along the phase‐encoding direction can be problematic for conventional separation algorithms. This work proposes a suitable model approximation for EPI under B0 and fat off‐resonance effects, providing a feasible multi‐peak water–fat separation algorithm. Simulations were performed to validate the algorithm. In vivo validation was performed in 6 volunteers, acquiring spin‐echo EPI images in the leg (B0 homogeneous) and head‐neck (B0 inhomogeneous) regions, using a TE‐shifted interleaved EPI sequence with/without diffusion sensitization. The results are numerically and statistically compared with voxel‐independent water–fat separation and fat saturation techniques to demonstrate the performance of the proposed algorithm. Results The reference separation algorithm without the proposed spatial shift correction caused water–fat ambiguities in simulations and in vivo experiments. Some spectrally selective fat saturation approaches also failed to suppress fat in regions with severe B0 inhomogeneities. The proposed algorithm was able to achieve improved fat suppression for DWI data and ADC maps in the head–neck and leg regions. Conclusion The proposed algorithm shows improved suppression of the multi‐peak fat components in multi‐shot interleaved EPI applications compared to the conventional fat saturation approaches and separation algorithms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiming Dong
- Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High-Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Koolstra
- Radiology, Division of Image Processing, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Malte Riedel
- Institute for Signal Processing, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Matthias J P van Osch
- Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High-Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Börnert
- Radiology, C.J. Gorter Center for High-Field MRI, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Philips Research Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany
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Zhai L, Luo B, Wu H, Wang Q, Yuan G, Liu P, Ma Y, Zhao Y, Zhang J. Prediction of treatment response to intravenous glucocorticoid in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy using T2 mapping and T2 IDEAL. Eur J Radiol 2021; 142:109839. [PMID: 34252869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejrad.2021.109839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2020] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the performance of combined T2 mapping and T2 iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL) in orbital tissues to predict the therapeutic efficacy of intravenous glucocorticoids (IVGCs) for active and moderate-to-severe thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO). METHOD Sixty-three active and moderate-to-severe TAO patients (responsive group, n = 35; unresponsive group, n = 28) who underwent orbital MRI before receiving IVGCs were retrospectively enrolled. Baseline clinical characteristics and imaging parameters were analyzed and compared between the two groups of different therapeutic efficacy. Binary logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the independent predictors, the predictive performance of which was evaluated using receiver operating characteristic curve analysis. RESULTS The mean T2 relaxation time of extraocular muscle (EOM-T2RTmean) (P = 0.001), maximum T2RT of EOM (EOM-T2RTmax) (P = 0.001), mean water fraction of EOM (EOM-WFmean) (P < 0.001), maximum WF of EOM (EOM-WFmax) (P < 0.001) and exophthalmos (P = 0.007) were significantly higher in the responsive group than in the unresponsive group. EOM-T2RTmean (P < 0.001) and EOM-WFmax (P < 0.001) were determined as independent predictors for responsive patients with TAO in the multivariable analysis. Combining EOM-T2RTmean ≥ 77.1 and EOM-WFmax ≥ 91.52 demonstrated optimal efficiency for prediction (area under the curve = 0.844) and optimal predictive sensitivity (77.1%). Setting EOM-WFmax ≥ 91.52 achieved the optimal predictive specificity (89.3%). CONCLUSIONS Pretherapeutic quantitative measurements, based on combining T2 mapping and T2 IDEAL in orbital tissues, are valuable for predicting IVGC treatment response in active and moderate-to-severe TAO. EOM-T2RTmean and EOM-WFmax may become promising IVGC treatment response predictors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhan Zhai
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ban Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Hongyu Wu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yanqiang Ma
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China.
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Abstract
Research examining bone marrow adipose tissue (BMAT) has rapidly expanded during the last two decades, leading to advances in knowledge on the role of BMAT in the pathogenesis of bone loss and endocrine disorders. Clinical imaging has played a crucial role for the in vivo assessment of BMAT, allowing non-invasive quantification and evaluation of BMAT composition. In the present work, we review different imaging methods for assessing properties of BMAT. Our aim is to review conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), water-fat imaging, and single-voxel proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy (1H-MRS), as well as computed tomography (CT)-based techniques, including single energy and dual energy CT. We will also discuss the clinical applications of these methods in type 2 diabetes mellitus, obesity and anorexia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Jarraya
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Miriam A Bredella
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Radiology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Ye Y, Lyu J, Sun W, Lan L, Wang L, Zhang W, Xu H. A multi-dimensional integration (MDI) strategy for MR T 2 * mapping. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4529. [PMID: 33982808 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
MRI signals are intrinsically multi-dimensional, and signal behavior may be orthogonal among different dimensions. Such dimensional orthogonality can be utilized to eliminate unwanted effects and facilitate mathematical simplicity during image processing for improved outcomes. In this work, we will demonstrate and analyze the principles and performance of a newly developed multi-dimensional integration (MDI) strategy in MR T2 * mapping. By constructing a complex signal function to extract the inter-echo signal changes, MDI solves an optimization problem by processing all signal dimensions (eg echoes, flip angles and coil channels) in one integrative step. MDI was compared with routine curve fitting methods on noise behavior, quantification accuracy and computational efficiency. All methods were tested and compared on simulation, phantom and knee data. Monte Carlo simulations were performed on simulation and all MRI data to investigate noise propagation from k space to T2 * maps. For phantom tests, T2 * values in regions of interest were extracted on a voxel-wise basis and analyzed using a paired t-test between scanning parameters and mapping methods, with p < 0.05 being significantly different. MDI facilitated a straightforward processing procedure, yielding homogeneous, high-signal-to-noise-ratio (SNR) and artifact-free T2 * maps without explicit coil combination or additional measures. Compared with routine fitting methods, MDI offered significantly (p < 0.05) improved SNR and quantitative accuracy/robustness, with two to three orders higher computational efficiency. MDI also represented low-SNR signals with low T2 * values, avoiding misinterpretation with long-T2 * species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Wenbo Sun
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lan Lan
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | | | - Haibo Xu
- Department of Radiology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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Zeng Z, Ma X, Guo Y, Ye B, Xu M, Wang W. Quantifying Bone Marrow Fat Fraction and Iron by MRI for Distinguishing Aplastic Anemia from Myelodysplastic Syndromes. J Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 54:1754-1760. [PMID: 34117662 PMCID: PMC9292058 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.27769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone marrow of patients with aplastic anemia (AA) is different from that of patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) and is difficult to identify by blood examination. IDEAL‐IQ (iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least‐squares estimation) imaging might be able to quantify fat fraction (FF) and iron content in bone tissues. Purpose To determine if IDEAL‐IQ measurements of bone marrow FF and iron content can distinguish between patients with AA and MDS. Study Type Retrospective. Population Fifty‐seven patients with AA, 21 patients with MDS, and 24 healthy controls. Field Strength/Sequence 3.0 T, IDEAL‐IQ sequence. Assessment Three independent observers evaluated the IDEAL‐IQ images and measured FF and R2* in the left posterior superior iliac spine. Statistical Tests Kruskal–Wallis test, linear correlations, and Bland–Altman analysis were used. A P‐value of <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The FF in patients with AA (79.46% ± 15.00%) was significantly higher than that in patients with MDS (42.78% ± 30.09%) and control subjects (65.50% ± 14.73%). However, there was no significant difference in FF between control subjects and patients with MDS (P = 0.439). The R2* value of AA, MDS, and controls was 145.38 ± 53.33, (171.13 ± 100.89, and 135.99 ± 32.41/second, respectively, with no significant difference between the three groups (P = 0.553). Data Conclusion Quantitative IDEAL‐IQ magnetic resonance imaging may facilitate the diagnosis of AA and distinguish it from MDS. Level of Evidence 3 Technical Efficacy Stage 2
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaolong Zeng
- Radiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Radiology Department, The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiangzheng Ma
- Radiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Radiology Department, The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yifan Guo
- Radiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Radiology Department, The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Baodong Ye
- Radiology Department, The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China, Hangzhou, China.,Hematology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Maosheng Xu
- Radiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Radiology Department, The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China, Hangzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- Radiology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China.,Radiology Department, The First Clinical Medical College of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China, Hangzhou, China
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Fortier V, Fortin MA, Pater P, Souhami L, Levesque IR. A role for magnetic susceptibility in synthetic computed tomography. Phys Med 2021; 85:137-146. [PMID: 34004446 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmp.2021.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Radiotherapy treatment planning based on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) benefits from increased soft-tissue contrast and functional imaging. MRI-only planning is attractive but limited by the lack of electron density information required for dose calculation, and the difficulty to differentiate air and bone. MRI can map magnetic susceptibility to separate bone from air. A method is introduced to produce synthetic CT (sCT) through automatic voxel-wise assignment of CT numbers from an MRI dataset processed that includes magnetic susceptibility mapping. METHODS Volumetric multi-echo gradient echo datasets were acquired in the heads of five healthy volunteers and fourteen patients with cancer using a 3 T MRI system. An algorithm for CT synthesis was designed using the volunteer data, based on fuzzy c-means clustering and adaptive thresholding of the MR data (magnitude, fat, water, and magnetic susceptibility). Susceptibility mapping was performed using a modified version of the iterative phase replacement algorithm. On patient data, the algorithm was assessed by direct comparison to X-ray computed tomography (CT) scans. RESULTS The skull, spine, teeth, and major sinuses were clearly distinguished in all sCT, from healthy volunteers and patients. The mean absolute CT number error between X-ray CT and sCT in patients ranged from 78 and 134 HU. CONCLUSION Susceptibility mapping using MRI can differentiate air and bone for CT synthesis. The proposed method is automated, fast, and based on a commercially available MRI pulse sequence. The method avoids registration errors and does not rely on a priori information, making it suitable for nonstandard anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Fortier
- Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada.
| | | | - Piotr Pater
- Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Luis Souhami
- Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Ives R Levesque
- Medical Physics Unit, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Biomedical Engineering, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Gerald Bronfman Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada; Research Institute of the McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, QC, Canada
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Wu H, Luo B, Yuan G, Wang Q, Liu P, Zhao Y, Zhai L, Ma Y, Lv W, Zhang J. The diagnostic value of the IDEAL-T2WI sequence in dysthyroid optic neuropathy: a quantitative analysis of the optic nerve and cerebrospinal fluid in the optic nerve sheath. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:7419-7428. [PMID: 33993334 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08030-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the optic nerve and CSF in the optic nerve sheath as imaging markers of dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON). METHODS In this single-centre retrospective study, orbital images of 30 consecutive participants (54 orbits) with DON, 30 patients (60 orbits) with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) without DON, and 19 healthy controls (HCs; 38 orbits) were analysed. The diameter and cross-sectional area of the optic nerve and its sheath, water fraction of the optic nerve, and volume of the fluid in the optic nerve sheath were measured and compared. The associations between MR parameters and clinical measures were assessed using correlation analysis. RESULTS The diameter and water fraction of the optic nerve (3 mm and 6 mm behind the eyeball), optic nerve subarachnoid space (ONSS) (3 mm and 6 mm behind the eyeball), and subarachnoid fluid volume in the optic nerve sheath were significantly greater in the DON group than in the TAO group (p < 0.01) or HC group (p < 0.01). ROC analysis showed that ONSS 3 mm behind the eyeball (ONSS3) was a robust predictor of DON (AUC = 0.957, sensitivity = 0.907, specificity = 0.9). Water fraction of the optic nerve 3 mm behind the eyeball (water fraction3) had the best specificity (0.967). Water fraction3, fluid volume in the optic nerve sheath, and optic nerve diameter (3 mm behind the eyeball) were correlated with clinical measures (i.e. clinical activity score, mean defect, and pattern standard deviation). CONCLUSIONS Increased water fraction of the optic nerve and ONSS3 are promising and easily accessible radiological markers for diagnosing DON. KEY POINTS • The water fraction of the optic nerve and optic nerve subarachnoid space (ONSS) are greater in patients with dysthyroid optic neuropathy (DON) than in patients with thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy (TAO) without DON. • The optic nerve and the cerebrospinal fluid in the optic nerve sheath measures are associated with visual dysfunction. • The water fraction of the optic nerve and ONSS may be promising imaging markers for diagnosing DON.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Wu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ban Luo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Gang Yuan
- Department of Endocrinology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ping Liu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yali Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Linhan Zhai
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Yanqiang Ma
- Ultrasound Medical Center, Lanzhou University Sencond Hospital, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730030, Gansu, China
| | - Wenzhi Lv
- Department of Artificial Intelligence, Julei Technology Company, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Updates and Ongoing Challenges in Imaging of Multiple Myeloma: AJR Expert Panel Narrative Review. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2021; 217:775-785. [PMID: 33978464 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.21.25878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Advances in the understanding and treatment of multiple myeloma have led to the need for more sensitive and accurate imaging of intramedullary and extramedullary disease. This role of imaging is underscored by recently revised imaging recommendations of the International Myeloma Working Group (IMWG). This narrative review discusses these recommendations from the IMWG for different disease stages, focusing on advanced whole-body modalities, and addresses related challenges and controversies. In the recommendations, whole-body low-dose CT is central in initial patient assessment, replacing the conventional skeletal survey. Although the recommendations favor MRI for diagnosis because of its superior sensitivity and utility in identifying myeloma-defining events, FDG PET/CT is recommended as the modality of choice for assessing treatment response. Consensus opinions are offered regarding the role of imaging in multiple myeloma for characterization of disease distribution, determination of prognosis, and response evaluation.
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Kořínek R, Pfleger L, Eckstein K, Beiglböck H, Robinson SD, Krebs M, Trattnig S, Starčuk Z, Krššák M. Feasibility of Hepatic Fat Quantification Using Proton Density Fat Fraction by Multi-Echo Chemical-Shift-Encoded MRI at 7T. FRONTIERS IN PHYSICS 2021; 9:665562. [PMID: 34849373 PMCID: PMC7612048 DOI: 10.3389/fphy.2021.665562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Fat fraction quantification and assessment of its distribution in the hepatic tissue become more important with the growing epidemic of obesity, and the increasing prevalence of diabetes mellitus type 2 and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. At 3Tesla, the multi-echo, chemical-shift-encoded magnetic resonance imaging (CSE-MRI)-based acquisition allows the measurement of proton density fat-fraction (PDFF) even in clinical protocols. Further improvements in SNR can be achieved by the use of phased array coils and increased static magnetic field. The purpose of the study is to evaluate the feasibility of PDFF imaging using a multi-echo CSE-MRI technique at ultra-high magnetic field (7Tesla). Thirteen volunteers (M/F) with a broad range of age, body mass index, and hepatic PDFF were measured at 3 and 7T by multi-gradient-echo MRI and single-voxel spectroscopy MRS. All measurements were performed in breath-hold (exhalation); the MRI protocols were optimized for a short measurement time, thus minimizing motion-related problems. 7T data were processed off-line using Matlab® (MRI:multi-gradient-echo) and jMRUI (MRS), respectively. For quantitative validation of the PDFF results, a similar protocol was performed at 3T, including on-line data processing provided by the system manufacturer, and correlation analyses between 7 and 3T data were performed off-line. The multi-echo CSE-MRI measurements at 7T with a phased-array coil configuration and an optimal post-processing yielded liver volume coverage ranging from 30 to 90% for high- and low-BMI subjects, respectively. PDFFs ranged between 1 and 20%. We found significant correlations between 7T MRI and -MRS measurements (R2 ≅ 0.97; p < 0.005), and between MRI-PDFF at 7T and 3T fields (R2 ≅ 0.94; p < 0.005) in the evaluated volumes. Based on the measurements and analyses performed, the multi-echo CSE-MRI method using a 32-channel coil at 7T showed its aptitude for MRI-based quantitation of PDFF in the investigated volumes. The results are the first step toward qMRI of the whole liver at 7T with further improvements in hardware.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radim Kořínek
- Magnetic Resonance group, Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Lorenz Pfleger
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Korbinian Eckstein
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannes Beiglböck
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Simon Daniel Robinson
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Krebs
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Siegfried Trattnig
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular Imaging, CD Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging (MOLIMA), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zenon Starčuk
- Magnetic Resonance group, Institute of Scientific Instruments of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czechia
| | - Martin Krššák
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Medicine III, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, High-Field Magnetic Resonance Centre, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Clinical Molecular Imaging, CD Laboratory for Clinical Molecular MR Imaging (MOLIMA), Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Jafari R, Spincemaille P, Zhang J, Nguyen TD, Luo X, Cho J, Margolis D, Prince MR, Wang Y. Deep neural network for water/fat separation: Supervised training, unsupervised training, and no training. Magn Reson Med 2021; 85:2263-2277. [PMID: 33107127 PMCID: PMC7809709 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2020] [Revised: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To use a deep neural network (DNN) for solving the optimization problem of water/fat separation and to compare supervised and unsupervised training. METHODS The current T 2 ∗ -IDEAL algorithm for solving water/fat separation is dependent on initialization. Recently, DNN has been proposed to solve water/fat separation without the need for suitable initialization. However, this approach requires supervised training of DNN using the reference water/fat separation images. Here we propose 2 novel DNN water/fat separation methods: 1) unsupervised training of DNN (UTD) using the physical forward problem as the cost function during training, and 2) no training of DNN using physical cost and backpropagation to directly reconstruct a single dataset. The supervised training of DNN, unsupervised training of DNN, and no training of DNN methods were compared with the reference T 2 ∗ -IDEAL. RESULTS All DNN methods generated consistent water/fat separation results that agreed well with T 2 ∗ -IDEAL under proper initialization. CONCLUSION The water/fat separation problem can be solved using unsupervised deep neural networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramin Jafari
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Jinwei Zhang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Thanh D. Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Xianfu Luo
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
- Department of Radiology, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou, China
| | - Junghun Cho
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - Daniel Margolis
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | | | - Yi Wang
- Meinig School of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY
- Department of Radiology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
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48
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Tan ET, Queler SC, Lin B, Endo Y, Burge AJ, Sternberg J, Potter HG, Sneag DB. Improved nerve conspicuity with water-weighting and denoising in two-point Dixon magnetic resonance neurography. Magn Reson Imaging 2021; 79:103-111. [PMID: 33753136 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2021.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND T2-weighted, two-point Dixon fast-spin-echo (FSE) is an effective technique for magnetic resonance neurography (MRN) that can provide quantitative assessment of muscle denervation. Low signal-to-noise ratio and inadequate fat suppression, however, can impede accurate interpretation. PURPOSE To quantify effects of principal component analysis (PCA) denoising on tissue signal intensities and fat fraction (FF) and to determine qualitative image quality improvements from both denoising and water-weighting (WW) algorithms to improve nerve conspicuity and fat suppression. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS Twenty-one subjects undergoing MR neurography evaluation (11/10 male/female, mean age = 46.3±13.7 years) with 60 image volumes. Twelve subjects (23 image volumes) were determined to have muscle denervation based on diffusely elevated T2 signal intensity. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3 T, 2D, two-point Dixon FSE. ASSESSMENT Qualitative assessment included overall image quality, nerve conspicuity, fat suppression, pulsation and ringing artifacts by 3 radiologists separately on a three-point scale (1 = poor, 2 = average, 3 = excellent). Quantitative measurements for FF and signal intensity relative to normal muscle were made for nerve, abnormal muscle and subcutaneous fat. STATISTICAL TESTS Linear and ordinal regression models were used for quantitative and qualitative comparisons, respectively; 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and p-values for pairwise comparisons were adjusted using the Holm-Bonferroni method. Inter-rater agreement was assessed using Gwet's agreement coefficient (AC2). RESULTS Simulations showed PCA-denoising reduced FF error from 2.0% to 1.0%, and from 7.6% to 3.1% at noise levels of 10% and 30%, respectively. In human subjects, PCA-denoising did not change signal levels and FF quantitatively. WW decreased fat signal significantly (-83.6%, p < 0.001). Nerve conspicuity was improved by WW (odds ratio, OR = 5.8, p < 0.001). Fat suppression was improved by both PCA (OR = 3.6, p < 0.001) and WW (OR = 2.2, p < 0.001). Overall image quality was improved by PCA + WW (OR = 1.7, p = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS WW and PCA-denoising improved nerve conspicuity and fat suppression in MR neurography. Denoising can potentially provide improved accuracy of FF maps for assessing fat-infiltrated muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ek T Tan
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Sophie C Queler
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Bin Lin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yoshimi Endo
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alissa J Burge
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Julia Sternberg
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hollis G Potter
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
| | - Darryl B Sneag
- Department of Radiology and Imaging, Hospital for Special Surgery, New York, NY, USA
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Traechtler J, Vishnevskiy V, Fuetterer M, Kozerke S. Joint image and field map estimation for multi-echo hyperpolarized 13 C metabolic imaging of the heart. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:258-276. [PMID: 33660300 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 01/13/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Image reconstruction of metabolic images from hyperpolarized 13 C multi-echo data acquisition is sensitive to susceptibility-induced phase offsets, which are particularly challenging in the heart. A model-based framework for joint estimation of metabolite images and field map from echo shift-encoded data is proposed. Using simulations, it is demonstrated that correction of signal spilling due to incorrect decomposition of metabolites and geometrical distortions over a wide range of off-resonance gradients is possible. In vivo feasibility is illustrated using hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate in the pig heart. METHODS The model-based reconstruction for multi-echo, multicoil data was implemented as a nonconvex minimization problem jointly optimizing for metabolic images and B0 . A comprehensive simulation framework for echo shift-encoded hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate imaging was developed and applied to assess reconstruction performance and distortion correction of the proposed method. In vivo data were obtained in four pigs using hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate on a clinical 3T MR system with a six-channel receiver coil. Dynamic images were acquired during suspended ventilation using cardiac-triggered multi-echo single-shot echo-planar imaging in short-axis orientation. RESULTS Simulations revealed that off-resonance gradients up to ±0.26 ppm/pixel can be corrected for with reduced signal spilling and geometrical distortions yielding an accuracy of ≥90% in terms of Dice similarity index. In vivo, improved geometrical consistency (10% Dice improvement) compared to image reconstruction without field map correction and with reference to anatomical data was achieved. CONCLUSION Joint image and field map estimation allows addressing off-resonance-induced geometrical distortions and metabolite spilling in hyperpolarized 13 C metabolic imaging of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Traechtler
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Valery Vishnevskiy
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Maximilian Fuetterer
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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50
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Jeon KJ, Lee C, Choi YJ, Han SS. Assessment of bone marrow fat fractions in the mandibular condyle head using the iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL-IQ) method. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0246596. [PMID: 33635882 PMCID: PMC7909693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0246596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of temporomandibular joint disorder (TMD) is gradually increasing, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is becoming increasingly common as a modality used to diagnose TMD. Edema and osteonecrosis in the bone marrow of the mandibular condyle have been considered to be precursors of osteoarthritis, but these changes are not evaluated accurately and quantitatively on routine MRI. The iterative decomposition of water and fat with echo asymmetry and least-squares estimation (IDEAL-IQ) method, as a cutting-edge MRI technique, can separate fat and water using three asymmetric echo times and the three-point Dixon method. The purpose of this study was to analyze the quantitative fat fraction (FF) in the mandibular condyle head using the IDEAL-IQ method. Seventy-nine people who underwent MRI using IDEAL-IQ were investigated and divided into 1) the control group, without TMD symptoms, and 2) the TMD group, with unilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) pain. In both groups, the FF of the condyle head in the TMJ was analyzed by two oral and maxillofacial radiologists. In the TMD group, 29 people underwent cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) and the presence or absence of bony changes in the condylar head was evaluated. The FF measurements of the condyle head using IDEAL-IQ showed excellent inter-observer and intra-observer agreement. The average FF of the TMD group was significantly lower than that of the control group (p < 0.05). In the TMD group, the average FF values of joints with pain and joints with bony changes were significantly lower than those of joints without pain or bony changes, respectively (p < 0.05). The FF using IDEAL-IQ in the TMJ can be helpful for the quantitative diagnosis of TMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kug Jin Jeon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chena Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Joo Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Sun Han
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- * E-mail:
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