1
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Deh K, Zhang G, Park AH, Cunningham CH, Bragagnolo ND, Lyashchenko S, Ahmmed S, Leftin A, Coffee E, Hricak H, Miloushev V, Mayerhoefer M, Keshari KR. First in-human evaluation of [1- 13C]pyruvate in D 2O for hyperpolarized MRI of the brain: A safety and feasibility study. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:2559-2567. [PMID: 38205934 PMCID: PMC11009889 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the safety and value of hyperpolarized (HP) MRI of [1-13C]pyruvate in healthy volunteers using deuterium oxide (D2O) as a solvent. METHODS Healthy volunteers (n = 5), were injected with HP [1-13C]pyruvate dissolved in D2O and imaged with a metabolite-specific 3D dual-echo dynamic EPI sequence at 3T at one site (Site 1). Volunteers were monitored following the procedure to assess safety. Image characteristics, including SNR, were compared to data acquired in a separate cohort using water as a solvent (n = 5) at another site (Site 2). The apparent spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) of [1-13C]pyruvate was determined both in vitro and in vivo from a mono-exponential fit to the image intensity at each time point of our dynamic data. RESULTS All volunteers completed the study safely and reported no adverse effects. The use of D2O increased the T1 of [1-13C]pyruvate from 66.5 ± 1.6 s to 92.1 ± 5.1 s in vitro, which resulted in an increase in signal by a factor of 1.46 ± 0.03 at the time of injection (90 s after dissolution). The use of D2O also increased the apparent relaxation time of [1-13C]pyruvate by a factor of 1.4 ± 0.2 in vivo. After adjusting for inter-site SNR differences, the use of D2O was shown to increase image SNR by a factor of 2.6 ± 0.2 in humans. CONCLUSIONS HP [1-13C]pyruvate in D2O is safe for human imaging and provides an increase in T1 and SNR that may improve image quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kofi Deh
- Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | | | - Angela Hijin Park
- Radiochemistry & Imaging Probes Core (RMIP), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Charles H. Cunningham
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario
- Physical Sciences, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario
| | | | - Serge Lyashchenko
- Radiochemistry & Imaging Probes Core (RMIP), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | - Shake Ahmmed
- Radiochemistry & Imaging Probes Core (RMIP), Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Hedvig Hricak
- Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
| | | | | | - Kayvan R. Keshari
- Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
- Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center
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2
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Liu X, Tang S, Mu C, Qin H, Cu D, Lai YC, Riselli AM, Delos Santos R, Carvajal L, Gebrezgiabhier D, Bok RA, Chen HY, Flavell RR, Gordon JW, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PE. Development of specialized magnetic resonance acquisition techniques for human hyperpolarized [ 13 C, 15 N 2 ]urea + [1- 13 C]pyruvate simultaneous perfusion and metabolic imaging. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:1039-1054. [PMID: 35526263 PMCID: PMC9810116 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to develop and demonstrate the in vivo feasibility of a 3D stack-of-spiral balanced steady-state free precession(3D-bSSFP) urea sequence, interleaved with a metabolite-specific gradient echo (GRE) sequence for pyruvate and metabolic products, for improving the SNR and spatial resolution of the first hyperpolarized 13 C-MRI human study with injection of co-hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate and [13 C,15 N2 ]urea. METHODS A metabolite-specific bSSFP urea imaging sequence was designed using a urea-specific excitation pulse, optimized TR, and 3D stack-of-spiral readouts. Simulations and phantom studies were performed to validate the spectral response of the sequence. The image quality of urea data acquired by the 3D-bSSFP sequence and the 2D-GRE sequence was evaluated with 2 identical injections of co-hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate and [13 C,15 N2 ]urea formula in a rat. Subsequently, the feasibility of the acquisition strategy was validated in a prostate cancer patient. RESULTS Simulations and phantom studies demonstrated that 3D-bSSFP sequence achieved urea-only excitation, while minimally perturbing other metabolites (<1%). An animal study demonstrated that compared to GRE, bSSFP sequence provided an ∼2.5-fold improvement in SNR without perturbing urea or pyruvate kinetics, and bSSFP approach with a shorter spiral readout reduced blurring artifacts caused by J-coupling of [13 C,15 N2 ]urea. The human study demonstrated the in vivo feasibility and data quality of the acquisition strategy. CONCLUSION The 3D-bSSFP urea sequence with a stack-of-spiral acquisition demonstrated significantly increased SNR and image quality for [13 C,15 N2 ]urea in co-hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate and [13 C,15 N2 ]urea imaging studies. This work lays the foundation for future human studies to achieve high-quality and high-SNR metabolism and perfusion images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Liu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shuyu Tang
- HeartVista Inc., Los Altos, California, USA
| | - Changhua Mu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hecong Qin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Di Cu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Ying-Chieh Lai
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Department of Medical Imaging and Intervention, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital at Linkou, Taoyuan 333, Taiwan
| | - Andrew M. Riselli
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Romelyn Delos Santos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Lucas Carvajal
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel Gebrezgiabhier
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert A. Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert R. Flavell
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E.Z. Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
- Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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3
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Alcicek S, Put P, Barskiy D, Kontul V, Pustelny S. Zero-Field NMR of Urea: Spin-Topology Engineering by Chemical Exchange. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:10671-10676. [PMID: 34705470 PMCID: PMC8573776 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Well-resolved and information-rich J-spectra are the foundation for chemical detection in zero-field NMR. However, even for relatively small molecules, spectra exhibit complexity, hindering the analysis. To address this problem, we investigate an example biomolecule with a complex J-coupling network─urea, a key metabolite in protein catabolism─and demonstrate ways of simplifying its zero-field spectra by modifying spin topology. This goal is achieved by controlling pH-dependent chemical exchange rates of 1H nuclei and varying the composition of the D2O/H2O mixture used as a solvent. Specifically, we demonstrate that by increasing the proton exchange rate in the [13C,15N2]-urea solution, the spin system simplifies, manifesting through a single narrow spectral peak. Additionally, we show that the spectra of 1H/D isotopologues of [15N2]-urea can be understood easily by analyzing isolated spin subsystems. This study paves the way for zero-field NMR detection of complex biomolecules, particularly in biofluids with a high concentration of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyma Alcicek
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Piotr Put
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Danila Barskiy
- Helmholtz
Institute Mainz, GSI Helmholtz Center
for Heavy Ion Research GmbH, 55128 Mainz, Germany
- Institute
of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Vladimir Kontul
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Pustelny
- Institute
of Physics, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University in Kraków, 30-348 Kraków, Poland
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4
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Qin H, Tang S, Riselli AM, Bok RA, Delos Santos R, van Criekinge M, Gordon JW, Aggarwal R, Chen R, Goddard G, Zhang CT, Chen A, Reed G, Ruscitto DM, Slater J, Sriram R, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB, Kurhanewicz J. Clinical translation of hyperpolarized 13 C pyruvate and urea MRI for simultaneous metabolic and perfusion imaging. Magn Reson Med 2021; 87:138-149. [PMID: 34374471 PMCID: PMC8616838 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The combined hyperpolarized (HP) 13C pyruvate and urea MRI has provided a simultaneous assessment of glycolytic metabolism and tissue perfusion for improved cancer diagnosis and therapeutic evaluation in preclinical studies. This work aims to translate this dual‐probe HP imaging technique to clinical research. Methods A co‐polarization system was developed where [1‐13C]pyruvic acid (PA) and [13C, 15N2]urea in water solution were homogeneously mixed and polarized on a 5T SPINlab system. Physical and chemical characterizations and toxicology studies of the combined probe were performed. Simultaneous metabolic and perfusion imaging was performed on a 3T clinical MR scanner by alternatively applying a multi‐slice 2D spiral sequence for [1‐13C]pyruvate and its downstream metabolites and a 3D balanced steady‐state free precession (bSSFP) sequence for [13C, 15N2]urea. Results The combined PA/urea probe has a glass‐formation ability similar to neat PA and can generate nearly 40% liquid‐state 13C polarization for both pyruvate and urea in 3‐4 h. A standard operating procedure for routine on‐site production was developed and validated to produce 40 mL injection product of approximately 150 mM pyruvate and 35 mM urea. The toxicology study demonstrated the safety profile of the combined probe. Dynamic metabolite‐specific imaging of [1‐13C]pyruvate, [1‐13C]lactate, [1‐13C]alanine, and [13C, 15N2]urea was achieved with adequate spatial (2.6 mm × 2.6 mm) and temporal resolution (4.2 s), and urea images showed reduced off‐resonance artifacts due to the JCN coupling. Conclusion The reported technical development and translational studies will lead to the first‐in‐human dual‐agent HP MRI study and mark the clinical translation of the first HP 13C MRI probe after pyruvate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hecong Qin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Shuyu Tang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Andrew M Riselli
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Robert A Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Romelyn Delos Santos
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Mark van Criekinge
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rahul Aggarwal
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Rui Chen
- General Electric Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | | | - Albert Chen
- General Electric Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Galen Reed
- General Electric Healthcare, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - James Slater
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Renuka Sriram
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA.,Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley and San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
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5
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Nguyen NT, Bae EH, Do LN, Nguyen TA, Park I, Shin SS. In Vivo Assessment of Metabolic Abnormality in Alport Syndrome Using Hyperpolarized [1- 13C] Pyruvate MR Spectroscopic Imaging. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11040222. [PMID: 33917329 PMCID: PMC8067337 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11040222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Alport Syndrome (AS) is a genetic disorder characterized by impaired kidney function. The development of a noninvasive tool for early diagnosis and monitoring of renal function during disease progression is of clinical importance. Hyperpolarized 13C MRI is an emerging technique that enables non-invasive, real-time measurement of in vivo metabolism. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of using this technique for assessing changes in renal metabolism in the mouse model of AS. Mice with AS demonstrated a significant reduction in the level of lactate from 4- to 7-week-old, while the levels of lactate were unchanged in the control mice over time. This reduction in lactate production in the AS group accompanied a significant increase of PEPCK expression levels, indicating that the disease progression in AS triggered the gluconeogenic pathway and might have resulted in a decreased lactate pool size and a subsequent reduction in pyruvate-to-lactate conversion. Additional metabolic imaging parameters, including the level of lactate and pyruvate, were found to be different between the AS and control groups. These preliminary results suggest that hyperpolarized 13C MRI might provide a potential noninvasive tool for the characterization of disease progression in AS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen-Trong Nguyen
- Department of Biomedical Science, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61469, Korea;
| | - Eun-Hui Bae
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea;
| | - Luu-Ngoc Do
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (L.-N.D.); (T.-A.N.)
| | - Tien-Anh Nguyen
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (L.-N.D.); (T.-A.N.)
| | - Ilwoo Park
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (L.-N.D.); (T.-A.N.)
- Department of Artificial Intelligence Convergence, Chonnam National University, Gwangju 61186, Korea
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (S.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-62-220-5744 (I.P.); +82-62-220-5882 (S.-S.S.)
| | - Sang-Soo Shin
- Department of Radiology, Chonnam National University Medical School and Hospital, Gwangju 61469, Korea; (L.-N.D.); (T.-A.N.)
- Correspondence: (I.P.); (S.-S.S.); Tel.: +82-62-220-5744 (I.P.); +82-62-220-5882 (S.-S.S.)
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6
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Hyperpolarized Carbon ( 13C) MRI of the Kidney: Experimental Protocol. Methods Mol Biol 2021. [PMID: 33476019 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Alterations in renal metabolism are associated with both physiological and pathophysiologic events. The existing noninvasive analytic tools including medical imaging have limited capability for investigating these processes, which potentially limits current understanding of kidney disease and the precision of its clinical diagnosis. Hyperpolarized 13C MRI is a new medical imaging modality that can capture changes in the metabolic processing of certain rapidly metabolized substrates, as well as changes in kidney function. Here we describe experimental protocols for renal metabolic [1-13C]pyruvate and functional 13C-urea imaging step-by-step. These methods and protocols are useful for investigating renal blood flow and function as well as the renal metabolic status of rodents in vivo under various experimental (patho)physiological conditions.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This experimental protocol is complemented by two separate chapters describing the basic concept and data analysis.
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7
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Sodium ( 23Na) MRI of the Kidney: Basic Concept. Methods Mol Biol 2021; 2216:257-266. [PMID: 33476005 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0978-1_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The handling of sodium by the renal system is a key indicator of renal function. Alterations in the corticomedullary distribution of sodium are considered important indicators of pathology in renal diseases. The derangement of sodium handling can be noninvasively imaged using sodium magnetic resonance imaging (23Na MRI), with data analysis allowing for the assessment of the corticomedullary sodium gradient. Here we introduce sodium imaging, describe the existing methods, and give an overview of preclinical sodium imaging applications to illustrate the utility and applicability of this technique for measuring renal sodium handling.This chapter is based upon work from the COST Action PARENCHIMA, a community-driven network funded by the European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) program of the European Union, which aims to improve the reproducibility and standardization of renal MRI biomarkers. This introduction chapter is complemented by two separate chapters describing the experimental procedure and data analysis.
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8
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Grist JT, Riemer F, Hansen ESS, Tougaard RS, McLean MA, Kaggie J, Bøgh N, Graves MJ, Gallagher FA, Laustsen C. Visualization of sodium dynamics in the kidney by magnetic resonance imaging in a multi-site study. Kidney Int 2020; 98:1174-1178. [PMID: 32585166 PMCID: PMC7652549 DOI: 10.1016/j.kint.2020.04.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Sodium magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a powerful, non-invasive technique to assess sodium distribution within the kidney. Here we undertook pre-clinical and clinical studies to quantify the corticomedullary sodium gradient in healthy individuals and in a porcine model of diuresis. The results demonstrated that sodium MRI could detect spatial differences in sodium biodistribution across the kidney. The sodium gradient of the kidney changed significantly after diuresis in the pig model and was independent of blood electrolyte measurements. Thus, rapid sodium MRI can be used to dynamically quantify sodium biodistribution in the porcine and human kidney.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Grist
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Riemer
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Esben S S Hansen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rasmus S Tougaard
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mary A McLean
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK, Cambridge Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joshua Kaggie
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Nikolaj Bøgh
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Martin J Graves
- Department of Radiology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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9
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Lindhardt JL, Nielsen PM, Hansen ESS, Qi H, Tougaard RS, Mariager CØ, Bertelsen LB, Kim WY, Laustsen C. The hemodynamic and metabolic effects of spironolactone treatment in acute kidney injury assessed by hyperpolarized MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4371. [PMID: 32691467 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2019] [Revised: 05/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) is one of the most common types of acute kidney injury. Spironolactone has shown promising kidney protective effects in renal IRI in rats. We investigated the hemodynamic and metabolic effects of spironolactone (100 mg/kg) administered immediately after 40 min unilateral kidney ischemia in rats. Hyperpolarized MRI using co-polarized [1-13 C]pyruvate and [13 C,15 N2 ]urea as well as 1 H dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) MRI was performed 24 h after induction of ischemia. We found a significant decrease in renal blood flow (RBF) in the ischemic kidney compared with the contralateral one measured using DCE and [13 C,15 N2 ]urea. The RBF measured using [1-13 C]pyruvate and [13 C,15 N2 ]urea was significantly altered by spironolactone. The RBFs in the ischemic kidney compared with the contralateral kidney were decreased similarly as measured using both [13 C,15 N2 ]urea and [1-13 C]pyruvate in the spironolactone-treated group. Spironolactone treatment increased the perfusion-corrected pyruvate metabolism by 54% in both the ischemic and contralateral kidney. Furthermore, we showed a correlation between vascular permeability using a histological Evans blue analysis and the ratio of the volumes of distribution (VoDs), ie VoD-[13 C,15 N2 ]urea/VoD-[1-13 C]pyruvate. This suggests that [13 C,15 N2 ]urea/[1-13 C]pyruvate VoD ratio may be a novel indicator of renal vascular permeability associated with renal damage in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob Lykke Lindhardt
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Mose Nielsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Haiyun Qi
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rasmus Stilling Tougaard
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Lotte Bonde Bertelsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Won Yong Kim
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Cardiology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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10
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Laustsen C, Nielsen PM, Qi H, Løbner MH, Palmfeldt J, Bertelsen LB. Hyperpolarized [1,4- 13C]fumarate imaging detects microvascular complications and hypoxia mediated cell death in diabetic nephropathy. Sci Rep 2020; 10:9650. [PMID: 32541797 PMCID: PMC7295762 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-66265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Today, there is a general lack of prognostic biomarkers for development of renal disease and in particular diabetic nephropathy. Increased glycolytic activity, lactate accumulation and altered mitochondrial oxygen utilization are hallmarks of diabetic kidney disease. Fumarate hydratase activity has been linked to mitochondrial dysfunction as well as activation of the hypoxia inducible factor, induction of apoptosis and necrosis. Here, we investigate fumarate hydratase activity in biofluids in combination with the molecular imaging probe, hyperpolarized [1,4-13C2]fumarate, to identify the early changes associated with hemodynamics and cell death in a streptozotocin rat model of type 1 diabetes. We found a significantly altered hemodynamic signature of [1,4-13C2]fumarate in the diabetic kidneys as well as an systemic increased metabolic conversion of fumarate-to-malate, indicative of increased cell death associated with progression of diabetes, while little to no renal specific conversion was observed. This suggest apoptosis as the main cause of cell death in the diabetic kidney. This is likely resulting from an increased reactive oxygen species production following uncoupling of the electron transport chain at complex II. The mechanism coupling the enzyme leakage and apoptotic phenotype is hypoxia inducible factor independent and seemingly functions as a protective mechanism in the kidney cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| | - Per Mose Nielsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Haiyun Qi
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mette Hadberg Løbner
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Bonde Bertelsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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11
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Nielsen PM, Qi H, Bertelsen LB, Laustsen C. Metabolic reprogramming associated with progression of renal ischemia reperfusion injury assessed with hyperpolarized [1- 13C]pyruvate. Sci Rep 2020; 10:8915. [PMID: 32488151 PMCID: PMC7265284 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-65816-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Acute kidney injury is a major clinical challenge affecting as many as 1 percent of all hospitalized patients. Currently it is not possible to accurately stratify and predict the outcome of the individual patient. Increasing evidence supports metabolic reprogramming as a potential target for new biomarkers. Hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate imaging is a promising new tool for evaluating the metabolic status directly in the kidneys. We here investigate the prognostic potential of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate in the setting of acute kidney injury in a rodent model of ischemia reperfusion. A significant correlation was found between the intra-renal metabolic profile 24 hours after reperfusion and 7 days after injury induction, as well as a correlation with the conventional plasma creatinine biomarker of renal function and markers of renal injury. This leads to a possible outcome prediction of renal function and injury development from a metabolic profile measured in vivo. The results support human translation of this new technology to renal patients as all experiements have been performed using clinical MRI equipment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Per Mose Nielsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Haiyun Qi
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Bonde Bertelsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
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12
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Irrera P, Consolino L, Cutrin JC, Zöllner FG, Longo DL. Dual assessment of kidney perfusion and pH by exploiting a dynamic CEST-MRI approach in an acute kidney ischemia-reperfusion injury murine model. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2020; 33:e4287. [PMID: 32153058 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Several factors can lead to acute kidney injury, but damage following ischemia and reperfusion injuries is the main risk factor and usually develops into chronic disease. MRI has often been proposed as a method with which to assess renal function. It does so by measuring the renal perfusion of an injected Gd-based contrast agent. The use of pH-responsive agents as part of the CEST (chemical exchange saturation transfer)-MRI technique has recently shown that pH homeostasis is also an important indicator of kidney functionality. However, there is still a need for methods that can provide more than one type of information following the injection of a single contrast agent for the characterization of renal function. Herein we propose, for the first time, dynamic CEST acquisition following iopamidol injection to quantify renal function by assessing both perfusion and pH homeostasis. The aim of this study is to assess renal functionality in a murine unilateral ischemia-reperfusion injury model at two time points (3 and 7 days) after acute kidney injury. The renal-perfusion estimates measured with iopamidol were compared with those obtained with a gadolinium-based agent, via a dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE)-MRI approach, to validate the proposed method. Compared with the contralateral kidneys, the clamped ones showed a significant decrease in renal perfusion, as measured using the DCE-MRI approach, which is consistent with reduced filtration capability. Dynamic CEST-MRI findings provided similar results, indicating that the clamped kidneys displayed significantly reduced renal filtration that persisted up to 7 days after the damage. In addition, CEST-MRI pH imaging showed that the clamped kidneys displayed significantly increased pH values, reflecting the disturbance to pH homeostasis. Our results demonstrate that a single CEST-MRI contrast agent can provide multiple types of information related to renal function and can discern healthy kidneys from pathological ones by combining perfusion measurements with renal pH mapping.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Irrera
- Università degli Studi della Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Napoli, Italy
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (IBB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Torino, Italy
| | - Lorena Consolino
- Centro di Imaging Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Juan Carlos Cutrin
- Centro di Imaging Molecolare, Dipartimento di Biotecnologie Molecolari e Scienze per la Salute, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Frank G Zöllner
- Computer Assisted Clinical Medicine, Medical Faculty Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Dario Livio Longo
- Istituto di Biostrutture e Bioimmagini (IBB), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Torino, Italy
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13
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Topping GJ, Hundshammer C, Nagel L, Grashei M, Aigner M, Skinner JG, Schulte RF, Schilling F. Acquisition strategies for spatially resolved magnetic resonance detection of hyperpolarized nuclei. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 33:221-256. [PMID: 31811491 PMCID: PMC7109201 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-019-00807-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hyperpolarization is an emerging method in magnetic resonance imaging that allows nuclear spin polarization of gases or liquids to be temporarily enhanced by up to five or six orders of magnitude at clinically relevant field strengths and administered at high concentration to a subject at the time of measurement. This transient gain in signal has enabled the non-invasive detection and imaging of gas ventilation and diffusion in the lungs, perfusion in blood vessels and tissues, and metabolic conversion in cells, animals, and patients. The rapid development of this method is based on advances in polarizer technology, the availability of suitable probe isotopes and molecules, improved MRI hardware and pulse sequence development. Acquisition strategies for hyperpolarized nuclei are not yet standardized and are set up individually at most sites depending on the specific requirements of the probe, the object of interest, and the MRI hardware. This review provides a detailed introduction to spatially resolved detection of hyperpolarized nuclei and summarizes novel and previously established acquisition strategies for different key areas of application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geoffrey J Topping
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Hundshammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Luca Nagel
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Martin Grashei
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Maximilian Aigner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jason G Skinner
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Franz Schilling
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technical University of Munich, Munich, Germany.
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14
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Pedersen M, Ursprung S, Jensen JD, Jespersen B, Gallagher F, Laustsen C. Hyperpolarised 13C-MRI metabolic and functional imaging: an emerging renal MR diagnostic modality. MAGMA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2020; 33:23-32. [PMID: 31782036 DOI: 10.1007/s10334-019-00801-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2019] [Revised: 10/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a well-established modality for assessing renal morphology and function, as well as changes that occur during disease. However, the significant metabolic changes associated with renal disease are more challenging to assess with MRI. Hyperpolarized carbon-13 MRI is an emerging technique which provides an opportunity to probe metabolic alterations at high sensitivity by providing an increase in the signal-to-noise ratio of 20,000-fold or more. This review will highlight the current status of hyperpolarised 13C-MRI and its translation into the clinic and how it compares to metabolic measurements provided by competing technologies such as positron emission tomography (PET).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Stephan Ursprung
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jens Dam Jensen
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Jespersen
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Ferdia Gallagher
- Department of Radiology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul Jensens Boulevard, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
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15
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Grist JT, Mariager CØ, Qi H, Nielsen PM, Laustsen C. Detection of acute kidney injury with hyperpolarized [ 13 C, 15 N]Urea and multiexponential relaxation modeling. Magn Reson Med 2019; 84:943-949. [PMID: 31840294 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 11/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the utility of Laplacian fitting to describe the differences in hyperpolarized [13 C, 15 N]urea T2 relaxation in ischemic and healthy rodent kidneys. METHODS Six rats with unilateral renal ischemia were investigated. [13 C, 15 N]Urea T2 mapping was undertaken with a radial fast spin echo method, with subsequent postprocessing performed with regularized Laplacian fitting. RESULTS Simulations showed that Laplacian fitting was stable down to a signal-to-noise ratio of 20. In vivo results showed a significant increase in the mono- and decrease in biexponential pools in ischemia reperfusion injury kidneys, in comparison to healthy (14 ± 10% versus 4 ± 2%, 85 ± 10% versus 95 ± 3%; P < .05). CONCLUSION We demonstrate, for the first time, the differences in multiexponential behavior of [13 C, 15 N]urea between the healthy and ischemic rodent kidney. The distribution of relaxation pools were found to be both visually and numerically significantly different. The ability to improve the information level in hyperpolarized MR, by using the relaxation contrast mechanisms is an appealing option, that can easily be adopted in large animals and even in clinical studies in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- James T Grist
- The Institute of Child Health, Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, School of Medical and Dental Sciences, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | | | - Haiyun Qi
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Mose Nielsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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16
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Mariager CO, Lindhardt J, Nielsen PM, Schulte RF, Ringgaard S, Laustsen C. Fractional Perfusion: A Simple Semi-Parametric Measure for Hyperpolarized 13C MR. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON RADIATION AND PLASMA MEDICAL SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1109/trpms.2019.2905724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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17
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Wang ZJ, Ohliger MA, Larson PEZ, Gordon JW, Bok RA, Slater J, Villanueva-Meyer JE, Hess CP, Kurhanewicz J, Vigneron DB. Hyperpolarized 13C MRI: State of the Art and Future Directions. Radiology 2019; 291:273-284. [PMID: 30835184 DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2019182391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 184] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized (HP) carbon 13 (13C) MRI is an emerging molecular imaging method that allows rapid, noninvasive, and pathway-specific investigation of dynamic metabolic and physiologic processes that were previously inaccessible to imaging. This technique has enabled real-time in vivo investigations of metabolism that are central to a variety of diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, and metabolic diseases of the liver and kidney. This review provides an overview of the methods of hyperpolarization and 13C probes investigated to date in preclinical models of disease. The article then discusses the progress that has been made in translating this technology for clinical investigation. In particular, the potential roles and emerging clinical applications of HP [1-13C]pyruvate MRI will be highlighted. The future directions to enable the adoption of this technology to advance the basic understanding of metabolism, to improve disease diagnosis, and to accelerate treatment assessment are also detailed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen J Wang
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Michael A Ohliger
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Robert A Bok
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - James Slater
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Javier E Villanueva-Meyer
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Christopher P Hess
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- From the Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143
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18
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Qi H, Mariager CØ, Nielsen PM, Schroeder M, Lindhardt J, Nørregaard R, Klein JD, Sands JM, Laustsen C. Glucagon infusion alters the hyperpolarized 13 C-urea renal hemodynamic signature. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2019; 32:e4028. [PMID: 30426590 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Renal urea handling is central to the urine concentrating mechanism, and as such the ability to image urea transport in the kidney is an important potential imaging biomarker for renal functional assessment. Glucagon levels associated with changes in dietary protein intake have been shown to influence renal urea handling; however, the exact mechanism has still to be fully understood. Here we investigate renal function and osmolite distribution using [13 C,15 N] urea dynamics and 23 Na distribution before and 60 min after glucagon infusion in six female rats. Glucagon infusion increased the renal [13 C,15 N] urea mean transit time by 14%, while no change was seen in the sodium distribution, glomerular filtration rate or oxygen consumption. This change is related to the well-known effect of increased urea excretion associated with glucagon infusion, independent of renal functional effects. This study demonstrates for the first time that hyperpolarized 13 C-urea enables monitoring of renal urinary excretion effects in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyun Qi
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Per Mose Nielsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Schroeder
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Jakob Lindhardt
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Nørregaard
- Water Salt Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Janet D Klein
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Giorgia, USA
| | - Jeff M Sands
- Renal Division, Department of Medicine, Emory University, Giorgia, USA
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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19
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Abstract
Kidney diseases can be caused by a wide range of genetic, hemodynamic, toxic, infectious, and autoimmune factors. The diagnosis of kidney disease usually involves the biochemical analysis of serum and blood, but these tests are often insufficiently sensitive or specific to make a definitive diagnosis. Although radiologic imaging currently has a limited role in the evaluation of most kidney diseases, several new imaging methods hold great promise for improving our ability to non-invasively detect structural, functional, and molecular changes within the kidney. New methods, such as dynamic contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (DCE-MRI) and blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) MRI, allow functional imaging of the kidney. The use of novel contrast agents, such as microbubbles and nanoparticles, allows the detection of specific molecules in the kidney. These methods could greatly advance our ability to diagnose disease and also to safely monitor patients over time. This could improve the care of individual patients, and it could also facilitate the evaluation of new treatment strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Thurman
- Department of Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Faikah Gueler
- Department of Nephrology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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20
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Cho A, Eskandari R, Miloushev VZ, Keshari KR. A non-synthetic approach to extending the lifetime of hyperpolarized molecules using D 2O solvation. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2018; 295:57-62. [PMID: 30099234 PMCID: PMC6131049 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2018.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2018] [Revised: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization is a robust technique to significantly increase magnetic resonance signal, the short T1 relaxation time of most 13C-nuclei limits the timescale of hyperpolarized experiments. To address this issue, we have characterized a non-synthetic approach to extend the hyperpolarized lifetime of 13C-nuclei in close proximity to solvent-exchangeable protons. Protons exhibit stronger dipolar relaxation than deuterium, so dissolving these compounds in D2O to exchange labile protons with solvating deuterons results in longer-lived hyperpolarization of the 13C-nucleus 2-bonds away. 13C T1 and T2 times were longer in D2O versus H2O for all molecules in this study. This phenomenon can be utilized to improve hyperpolarized signal-to-noise ratio as a function of longer T1, and enhanced spectral and imaging resolution via longer T2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Cho
- Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York City, NY 10065, United States; Weill Cornell/Rockefeller/Sloan Kettering Tri-Institutional MD-PhD Program, New York City, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Roozbeh Eskandari
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Vesselin Z Miloushev
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY 10065, United States.
| | - Kayvan R Keshari
- Department of Biochemistry & Structural Biology, Weill Cornell Graduate School, New York City, NY 10065, United States; Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY 10065, United States; Molecular Pharmacology Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York City, NY 10065, United States.
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21
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Milshteyn E, von Morze C, Gordon JW, Zhu Z, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB. High spatiotemporal resolution bSSFP imaging of hyperpolarized [1- 13 C]pyruvate and [1- 13 C]lactate with spectral suppression of alanine and pyruvate-hydrate. Magn Reson Med 2018; 80:1048-1060. [PMID: 29451329 PMCID: PMC5980670 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Revised: 12/02/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose The bSSFP acquisition enables high spatiotemporal resolution for hyperpolarized 13C MRI at 3T, but is limited by spectral contamination from adjacent resonances. The purpose of this study was to develop a framework for in vivo dynamic high resolution imaging of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate and [1-13C]lactate generated in vivo at 3T by simplifying the spectrum through the use of selective suppression pulses. Methods Spectral suppression pulses were incorporated into the bSSFP sequence for suppression of [1-13C]alanine and [1-13C]pyruvate-hydrate signals, leaving only the pyruvate and lactate resonances. Subsequently, the bSSFP pulse width, time-bandwidth, and repetition time were optimized for imaging these dual resonances. Results The spectral suppression reduced both the alanine and pyruvate-hydrate signals by 85.5 ± 4.9% and had no significant effect on quantitation of pyruvate to lactate conversion (liver: P = 0.400, kidney: P = 0.499). High resolution (2 × 2 mm2 and 3 × 3 mm2) sub-second 2D coronal projections and 3D 2.5 mm isotropic images were obtained in rats and tumor-bearing mice with 1.8-5 s temporal resolution, allowing for calculation of lactate-to-pyruvate ratios and k PL. Conclusion The developed framework presented here shows the capability for dynamic high resolution volumetric hyperpolarized bSSFP imaging of pyruvate-to-lactate conversion on a clinical 3T MR scanner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Milshteyn
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Cornelius von Morze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jeremy W. Gordon
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Zihan Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Peder E. Z. Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Daniel B. Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
- UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
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22
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Riis-Vestergaard MJ, Breining P, Pedersen SB, Laustsen C, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Borghammer P, Jessen N, Richelsen B. Evaluation of Active Brown Adipose Tissue by the Use of Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]Pyruvate MRI in Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19092597. [PMID: 30200469 PMCID: PMC6164296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19092597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Revised: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity to increase energy expenditure makes brown adipose tissue (BAT) a putative target for treatment of metabolic diseases such as obesity. Presently, investigation of BAT in vivo is mainly performed by fluoro-d-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET)/CT. However, non-radioactive methods that add information on, for example, substrate metabolism are warranted. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of hyperpolarized [1-13C]pyruvate Magnetic Resonance Imaging (HP-MRI) to determine BAT activity in mice following chronic cold exposure. Cold (6 °C) and thermo-neutral (30 °C) acclimated mice were scanned with HP-MRI for assessment of the interscapular BAT (iBAT) activity. Comparable mice were scanned with the conventional method FDG PET/MRI. Finally, iBAT was evaluated for gene expression and protein levels of the specific thermogenic marker, uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). Cold exposure increased the thermogenic capacity 3–4 fold (p < 0.05) as measured by UCP1 gene and protein analysis. Furthermore, cold exposure as compared with thermo-neutrality increased iBAT pyruvate metabolism by 5.5-fold determined by HP-MRI which is in good agreement with the 5-fold increment in FDG uptake (p < 0.05) measured by FDG PET/MRI. iBAT activity is detectable in mice using HP-MRI in which potential changes in intracellular metabolism may add useful information to the conventional FDG PET studies. HP-MRI may also be a promising radiation-free tool for repetitive BAT studies in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mette Ji Riis-Vestergaard
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Peter Breining
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Steen Bønløkke Pedersen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Center, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
| | | | - Per Borghammer
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & PET Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Niels Jessen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Bjørn Richelsen
- Department of Internal Medicine and Endocrinology, Aarhus University Hospital, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark.
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23
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Niles DJ, Gordon JW, Huang G, Reese S, Adamson EB, Djamali A, Fain SB. Evaluation of renal metabolic response to partial ureteral obstruction with hyperpolarized 13 C MRI. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2018; 31. [PMID: 29130537 PMCID: PMC5736002 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 09/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hyperpolarized 13 C magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) may be used to non-invasively image the transport and chemical conversion of 13 C-labeled compounds in vivo. In this study, we utilize hyperpolarized 13 C MRI to evaluate metabolic markers in the kidneys longitudinally in a mouse model of partial unilateral ureteral obstruction (pUUO). Partial obstruction was surgically induced in the left ureter of nine adult mice, leaving the right ureter as a control. 1 H and hyperpolarized [1-13 C]pyruvate MRI of the kidneys was performed 2 days prior to surgery (baseline) and at 3, 7 and 14 days post-surgery. Images were evaluated for changes in renal pelvis volume, pyruvate, lactate and the lactate to pyruvate ratio. After 14 days, mice were sacrificed and immunohistological staining of both kidneys for collagen fibrosis (picrosirius red) and macrophage infiltration (F4/80) was performed. Statistical analysis was performed using a linear mixed effects model. Significant kidney × time interaction effects were observed for both lactate and pyruvate, indicating that these markers changed differently between time points for the obstructed and unobstructed kidneys. Both kidneys showed an increase in the lactate to pyruvate ratio after obstruction, suggesting a shift towards glycolytic metabolism. These changes were accompanied by marked hydronephrosis, fibrosis and macrophage infiltration in the obstructed kidney, but not in the unobstructed kidney. Our results show that pUUO is associated with increased pyruvate to lactate metabolism in both kidneys, with injury and inflammation specific to the obstructed kidney. The work also demonstrates the feasibility of the use of hyperpolarized 13 C MRI to study metabolism in renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- David J Niles
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jeremy W Gordon
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Gengwen Huang
- Surgery, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Shannon Reese
- Medicine, Nephrology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Erin B Adamson
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Arjang Djamali
- Medicine, Nephrology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean B Fain
- Medical Physics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
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24
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Mariager CØ, Nielsen PM, Qi H, Ringgaard S, Laustsen C. Hyperpolarized 13
C,15
N2
-urea T2
relaxation changes in acute kidney injury. Magn Reson Med 2017; 80:696-702. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Revised: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Per Mose Nielsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Haiyun Qi
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Steffen Ringgaard
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Department of Clinical Medicine; Aarhus University; Aarhus Denmark
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25
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Kierulf-Lassen C, Nielsen PM, Qi H, Damgaard M, Laustsen C, Pedersen M, Krag S, Birn H, Nørregaard R, Jespersen B. Unilateral nephrectomy diminishes ischemic acute kidney injury through enhanced perfusion and reduced pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0190009. [PMID: 29267404 PMCID: PMC5739457 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0190009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
While unilateral nephrectomy (UNx) is suggested to protect against ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI) in the remaining kidney, the mechanisms underlying this protection remain to be elucidated. In this study, functional MRI was employed in a renal IRI rat model to reveal global and regional changes in renal filtration, perfusion, oxygenation and sodium handling, and microarray and pathway analyses were conducted to identify protective molecular mechanisms. Wistar rats were randomized to either UNx or sham UNx immediately prior to 37 minutes of unilateral renal artery clamping or sham operation under sevoflurane anesthesia. MRI was performed 24 hours after reperfusion. Blood and renal tissue were harvested. RNA was isolated for microarray analysis and QPCR validation of gene expression results. The perfusion (T1 value) was significantly enhanced in the medulla of the post-ischemic kidney following UNx. UNx decreased the expression of fibrogenic genes, i.a. Col1a1, Fn1 and Tgfb1 in the post-ischemic kidney. This was associated with a marked decrease in markers of activated myofibroblasts (Acta2/α-Sma and Cdh11) and macrophages (Ccr2). This was most likely facilitated by down-regulation of Pdgfra, thus inhibiting pericyte-myofibroblast differentiation, chemokine production (Ccl2/Mcp1) and macrophage infiltration. UNx reduced ischemic histopathologic injury. UNx may exert renoprotective effects against IRI through increased perfusion in the renal medulla and alleviation of the acute pro-inflammatory and pro-fibrotic responses possibly through decreased myofibroblast activation. The identified pathways involved may serve as potential therapeutic targets and should be taken into account in experimental models of IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Kierulf-Lassen
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Per Mose Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Haiyun Qi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Mads Damgaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Michael Pedersen
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Comparative Medicine Lab, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Søren Krag
- Department of Pathology, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Henrik Birn
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Rikke Nørregaard
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Bente Jespersen
- Department of Renal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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26
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Mikkelsen EFR, Mariager CØ, Nørlinger T, Qi H, Schulte RF, Jakobsen S, Frøkiær J, Pedersen M, Stødkilde-Jørgensen H, Laustsen C. Hyperpolarized [1- 13C]-acetate Renal Metabolic Clearance Rate Mapping. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16002. [PMID: 29167446 PMCID: PMC5700138 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15929-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
11C-acetate is a positron emission tomography (PET) tracer of oxidative metabolism, whereas hyperpolarized 13C-acetate can be used in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for investigating specific metabolic processes. The aims of this study were to examine if the kinetic formalism of 11C-acetate PET in the kidneys is comparable to that of 13C-acetate MRI, and to compare the dynamic metabolic information of hyperpolarized 13C-acetate MRI with that obtained with 11C-acetate PET. Rats were examined with dynamic hyperpolarized 13C-acetate MRI or 11C-acetate PET before and after intravenous injection of furosemide, a loop diuretic known to alter both the hemodynamics and oxygen consumption in the kidney. The metabolic clearance rates (MCR) were estimated and compared between the two modalities experimentally in vivo and in simulations. There was a clear dependency on the mean transit time and MCR for both 13C-acetate and 11C-acetate following furosemide administration, while no dependencies on the apparent renal perfusion were observed. This study demonstrated that hyperpolarized 13C-acetate MRI is feasible for measurements of the intrarenal energetic demand via the MCR, and that the quantitative measures are correlated with those measured by 11C-acetate PET, even though the temporal window is more than 30 times longer with 11C-acetate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmeli F R Mikkelsen
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Comparative Medicine Lab, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | | | - Thomas Nørlinger
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.,Comparative Medicine Lab, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Haiyun Qi
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Rolf F Schulte
- GE healthcare, Freisinger Landstraße 50, 85748, Munich, Germany
| | - Steen Jakobsen
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Jørgen Frøkiær
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET Center, Aarhus University Hospital, Nørrebrogade, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Michael Pedersen
- Comparative Medicine Lab, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Hans Stødkilde-Jørgensen
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- MR Research Centre, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 99, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark.
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27
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Baligand C, Qin H, True-Yasaki A, Gordon J, von Morze C, Santos JD, Wilson D, Raffai R, Cowley PM, Baker AJ, Kurhanewicz J, Lovett DH, Wang ZJ. Hyperpolarized 13 C magnetic resonance evaluation of renal ischemia reperfusion injury in a murine model. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:10.1002/nbm.3765. [PMID: 28708304 PMCID: PMC5618802 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major risk factor for the development of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Persistent oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction are implicated across diverse forms of AKI and in the transition to CKD. In this study, we applied hyperpolarized (HP) 13 C dehydroascorbate (DHA) and 13 C pyruvate magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) to investigate the renal redox capacity and mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity, respectively, in a murine model of AKI at baseline and 7 days after unilateral ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI). Compared with the contralateral sham-operated kidneys, the kidneys subjected to IRI showed a significant decrease in the HP 13 C vitamin C/(vitamin C + DHA) ratio, consistent with a decrease in redox capacity. The kidneys subjected to IRI also showed a significant decrease in the HP 13 C bicarbonate/pyruvate ratio, consistent with impaired PDH activity. The IRI kidneys showed a significantly higher HP 13 C lactate/pyruvate ratio at day 7 compared with baseline, although the 13 C lactate/pyruvate ratio was not significantly different between the IRI and contralateral sham-operated kidneys at day 7. Arterial spin labeling magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated significantly reduced perfusion in the IRI kidneys. Renal tissue analysis showed corresponding increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reduced PDH activity in the IRI kidneys. Our results show the feasibility of HP 13 C MRS for the non-invasive assessment of oxidative stress and mitochondrial PDH activity following renal IRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Celine Baligand
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Hecong Qin
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Aisha True-Yasaki
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Jeremy Gordon
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Cornelius von Morze
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Justin DeLos Santos
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - David Wilson
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Robert Raffai
- Medicine, San Francisco VAMC/University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Patrick M. Cowley
- Medicine, San Francisco VAMC/University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Anthony J. Baker
- Medicine, San Francisco VAMC/University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - David H. Lovett
- Medicine, San Francisco VAMC/University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Zhen Jane Wang
- Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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28
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Østergaard Mariager C, Nielsen PM, Qi H, Schroeder M, Bertelsen LB, Laustsen C. Can Hyperpolarized 13C-Urea be Used to Assess Glomerular Filtration Rate? A Retrospective Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 3:146-152. [PMID: 30042978 PMCID: PMC6024438 DOI: 10.18383/j.tom.2017.00010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated a simple method for calculating the single-kidney glomerular filtration rate (GFR) using dynamic hyperpolarized 13C-urea magnetic resonance (MR) renography. A retrospective data analysis was applied to renal hyperpolarized 13C-urea MR data acquired from control rats, prediabetic nephropathy rats, and rats in which 1 kidney was subjected to ischemia-reperfusion. Renal blood flow was determined by the model-free bolus differentiation method, GFR was determined using the Baumann–Rudin model method. Reference single-kidney and total GFRs were measured by plasma creatinine content and compared to 1H dynamic contrast-enhanced estimated GFR and fluorescein isothiocyanate-inulin clearance GFR estimation. In healthy and prediabetic nephropathy rats, single-kidney hyperpolarized 13C-urea GFR was estimated to be 2.5 ± 0.7 mL/min in good agreement with both gold-standard inulin clearance GFR (2.7 ± 1.2 ml/min) and 1H dynamic contrast-enhanced estimated GFR (1.8 ± 0.8 mL/min), as well as plasma creatinine measurements and literature findings. Following ischemia-reperfusion, hyperpolarized 13C-urea revealed a significant reduction in single-kidney GFR of 57% compared with the contralateral kidney. Hyperpolarized 13C MR could be a promising tool for accurate determination of GFR. The model-free renal blood flow and arterial input function-insensitive GFR estimations are simple to implement and warrant further translational adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Per Mose Nielsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Haiyun Qi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Marie Schroeder
- Department of Clinical Medicine, MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Lotte Bonde Bertelsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Christoffer Laustsen
- Department of Clinical Medicine, MR Research Centre, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
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29
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Fuetterer M, Busch J, Peereboom SM, von Deuster C, Wissmann L, Lipiski M, Fleischmann T, Cesarovic N, Stoeck CT, Kozerke S. Hyperpolarized 13C urea myocardial first-pass perfusion imaging using velocity-selective excitation. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson 2017; 19:46. [PMID: 28637508 PMCID: PMC5480203 DOI: 10.1186/s12968-017-0364-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A velocity-selective binomial excitation scheme for myocardial first-pass perfusion measurements with hyperpolarized 13C substrates, which preserves bolus magnetization inside the blood pool, is presented. The proposed method is evaluated against gadolinium-enhanced 1H measurements in-vivo. METHODS The proposed excitation with an echo-planar imaging readout was implemented on a clinical CMR system. Dynamic myocardial stress perfusion images were acquired in six healthy pigs after bolus injection of hyperpolarized 13C urea with the velocity-selective vs. conventional excitation, as well as standard 1H gadolinium-enhanced images. Signal-to-noise, contrast-to-noise (CNR) and homogeneity of semi-quantitative perfusion measures were compared between methods based on first-pass signal-intensity time curves extracted from a mid-ventricular slice. Diagnostic feasibility is demonstrated in a case of septal infarction. RESULTS Velocity-selective excitation provides over three-fold reduction in blood pool signal with a two-fold increase in myocardial CNR. Extracted first-pass perfusion curves reveal a significantly reduced variability of semi-quantitative first-pass perfusion measures (12-20%) for velocity-selective excitation compared to conventional excitation (28-93%), comparable to that of reference 1H gadolinium data (9-15%). Overall image quality appears comparable between the velocity-selective hyperpolarized and gadolinium-enhanced imaging. CONCLUSION The feasibility of hyperpolarized 13C first-pass perfusion CMR has been demonstrated in swine. Comparison with reference 1H gadolinium data revealed sufficient data quality and indicates the potential of hyperpolarized perfusion imaging for human applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Fuetterer
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Julia Busch
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sophie M. Peereboom
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Constantin von Deuster
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Wissmann
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Miriam Lipiski
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Thea Fleischmann
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Nikola Cesarovic
- Division of Surgical Research, University Hospital Zurich, Sternwartstrasse 14, 8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Christian T. Stoeck
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sebastian Kozerke
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University and ETH Zurich, Gloriastrasse 35, 8092 Zurich, Switzerland
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30
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Liu X, Murphy MP, Xing W, Wu H, Zhang R, Sun H. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ reduced renal damage caused by ischemia-reperfusion injury in rodent kidneys: Longitudinal observations of T 2 -weighted imaging and dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI. Magn Reson Med 2017; 79:1559-1567. [PMID: 28608403 PMCID: PMC5811825 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.26772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect of mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant MitoQ in reducing the severity of renal ischemia‐reperfusion injury (IRI) in rats using T2‐weighted imaging and dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI (DCE‐MRI). Methods Ischemia‐reperfusion injury was induced by temporarily clamping the left renal artery. Rats were pretreated with MitoQ or saline. The MRI examination was performed before and after IRI (days 2, 5, 7, and 14). The T2‐weighted standardized signal intensity of the outer stripe of the outer medulla (OSOM) was measured. The unilateral renal clearance rate kcl was derived from DCE‐MRI. Histopathology was evaluated after the final MRI examination. Results The standardized signal intensity of the OSOM on IRI kidneys with MitoQ were lower than those with saline on days 5 and 7 (P = 0.004, P < 0.001, respectively). Kcl values of IRI kidneys with MitoQ were higher than those with saline at all time points (P = 0.002, P < 0.001, P = 0.001, P < 0.001). Histopathology showed that renal damage was the most predominant on the OSOM of IRI kidneys with saline, which was less obvious with MitoQ (P < 0.001). Conclusions These findings demonstrate that MitoQ can reduce the severity of renal damage in rodent IRI models using T2‐weighted imaging and DCE‐MRI. Magn Reson Med 79:1559–1667, 2018. © 2017 The Authors Magnetic Resonance in Medicine published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of International Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoge Liu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Cambridge BioMedical Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei Xing
- Department of Radiology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Suzhou University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Huanhuan Wu
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Haoran Sun
- Department of Radiology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
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31
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Milshteyn E, von Morze C, Reed GD, Shang H, Shin PJ, Zhu Z, Chen HY, Bok R, Goga A, Kurhanewicz J, Larson PEZ, Vigneron DB. Development of high resolution 3D hyperpolarized carbon-13 MR molecular imaging techniques. Magn Reson Imaging 2017; 38:152-162. [PMID: 28077268 PMCID: PMC5360530 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The goal of this project was to develop and apply techniques for T2 mapping and 3D high resolution (1.5mm isotropic; 0.003cm3) 13C imaging of hyperpolarized (HP) probes [1-13C]lactate, [1-13C]pyruvate, [2-13C]pyruvate, and [13C,15N2]urea in vivo. A specialized 2D bSSFP sequence was implemented on a clinical 3T scanner and used to obtain the first high resolution T2 maps of these different hyperpolarized compounds in both rats and tumor-bearing mice. These maps were first used to optimize timings for highest SNR for single time-point 3D bSSFP acquisitions with a 1.5mm isotropic spatial resolution of normal rats. This 3D acquisition approach was extended to serial dynamic imaging with 2-fold compressed sensing acceleration without changing spatial resolution. The T2 mapping experiments yielded measurements of T2 values of >1s for all compounds within rat kidneys/vasculature and TRAMP tumors, except for [2-13C]pyruvate which was ~730ms and ~320ms, respectively. The high resolution 3D imaging enabled visualization the biodistribution of [1-13C]lactate, [1-13C]pyruvate, and [2-13C]pyruvate within different kidney compartments as well as in the vasculature. While the mouse anatomy is smaller, the resolution was also sufficient to image the distribution of all compounds within kidney, vasculature, and tumor. The development of the specialized 3D sequence with compressed sensing provided improved structural and functional assessments at a high (0.003cm3) spatial and 2s temporal resolution in vivo utilizing HP 13C substrates by exploiting their long T2 values. This 1.5mm isotropic resolution is comparable to 1H imaging and application of this approach could be extended to future studies of uptake, metabolism, and perfusion in cancer and other disease models and may ultimately be of value for clinical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Milshteyn
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Cornelius von Morze
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Hong Shang
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peter J Shin
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Zihan Zhu
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Hsin-Yu Chen
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert Bok
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Andrei Goga
- Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John Kurhanewicz
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Peder E Z Larson
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Daniel B Vigneron
- Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA; UC Berkeley-UCSF Graduate Program in Bioengineering, University of California, San Francisco and University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
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32
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Imaging oxygen metabolism with hyperpolarized magnetic resonance: a novel approach for the examination of cardiac and renal function. Biosci Rep 2017; 37:BSR20160186. [PMID: 27899435 PMCID: PMC5270319 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20160186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Revised: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Every tissue in the body critically depends on meeting its energetic demands with sufficient oxygen supply. Oxygen supply/demand imbalances underlie the diseases that inflict the greatest socio-economic burden globally. The purpose of this review is to examine how hyperpolarized contrast media, used in combination with MR data acquisition methods, may advance our ability to assess oxygen metabolism non-invasively and thus improve management of clinical disease. We first introduce the concept of hyperpolarization and how hyperpolarized contrast media have been practically implemented to achieve translational and clinical research. We will then analyse how incorporating hyperpolarized contrast media could enable realization of unmet technical needs in clinical practice. We will focus on imaging cardiac and renal oxygen metabolism, as both organs have unique physiological demands to satisfy their requirements for tissue oxygenation, their dysfunction plays a fundamental role in society’s most prevalent diseases, and each organ presents unique imaging challenges. It is our aim that this review attracts a multi-disciplinary audience and sparks collaborations that utilize an exciting, emergent technology to advance our ability to treat patients adversely affected by an oxygen supply/demand mismatch.
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33
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Fumarase activity: an in vivo and in vitro biomarker for acute kidney injury. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40812. [PMID: 28094329 PMCID: PMC5240145 DOI: 10.1038/srep40812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Renal ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a leading cause of acute kidney injury (AKI), and at present, there is a lack of reliable biomarkers that can diagnose AKI and measure early progression because the commonly used methods cannot evaluate single-kidney IRI. Hyperpolarized [1,4-13C2]fumarate conversion to [1,4-13C2]malate by fumarase has been proposed as a measure of necrosis in rat tumor models and in chemically induced AKI rats. Here we show that the degradation of cell membranes in connection with necrosis leads to elevated fumarase activity in plasma and urine and secondly that hyperpolarized [1,4-13C2]malate production 24 h after reperfusion correlates with renal necrosis in a 40-min unilateral ischemic rat model. Fumarase activity screening on bio-fluids can detect injury severity, in bilateral as well as unilateral AKI models, differentiating moderate and severe AKI as well as short- and long-term AKI. Furthermore after verification of renal injury by bio-fluid analysis the precise injury location can be monitored by in vivo measurements of the fumarase activity non-invasively by hyperpolarized [1,4-13C]fumarate MR imaging. The combined in vitro and in vivo biomarker of AKI responds to the essential requirements for a new reliable biomarker of AKI.
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