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Li G, Li H, Weng N, Liu C, Li X, Li Q, Bin L, Zhu K, Huang D, Liu J, Liu Y, Wang X. Preclinical monitoring of radiation-induced brain injury via GluCEST MRI and resting-state fMRI at 7 T: an exploratory study on MRI-guided OAR avoidance. Strahlenther Onkol 2024:10.1007/s00066-024-02292-w. [PMID: 39259349 DOI: 10.1007/s00066-024-02292-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the value of glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) after whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) as an imaging marker of radiation-induced brain injury (RBI) and to preliminarily show the feasibility of multiparametric MRI-guided organ at risk (OAR) avoidance. METHODS Rats were divided into two groups: the control (CTRL) group (n = 9) and the RBI group (n = 9). The rats in the RBI group were irradiated with an X‑ray radiator and then subjected to a water maze experiment 4 weeks later. In combination with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we evaluated the value of GluCEST applied to glutamate changes for RBI and investigated the effect of such changes on glutamatergic neuronal function. RESULTS The average GluCEST values were markedly lower in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Positive correlations were observed between GluCEST values and regional homogeneity (ReHo) values in both the hippocampus and the cerebral cortex. HPLC showed a positive correlation with GluCEST values in the hippocampus. GluCEST values were positively correlated with spatial memory. CONCLUSION GluCEST MRI provides a visual assessment of glutamate changes in RBI rats for monitoring OAR cognitive toxicity reactions and may be used as a biomarker of OAR avoidance as well as metabolism to facilitate monitoring and intervention in radiation damage that occurs after radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Hao Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Na Weng
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Caiyun Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Xianglin Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Qinglong Li
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Li Bin
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Kai Zhu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Danqi Huang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China.
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Shandong, China.
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Xu D, Ren Q, Liu Q, Liu M, Gong H, Liu Y, Yin Z, Zeng Z, Xia S, Zhang Y, Li J, Gao Q, Wang J, Li X. Hippocampal Glutamate Levels and Their Correlation With Subregion Volume in School-Aged Children With MRI-Negative Epilepsy: A Preliminary Study. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38970314 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormal levels of glutamate constitute a key pathophysiologic mechanism in epilepsy. The use of glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer (GluCEST) imaging to measure glutamate levels in pediatric epilepsy is rarely reported in research. PURPOSE To investigate hippocampal glutamate level variations in pediatric epilepsy and the correlation between glutamate and hippocampal subregional volumes. STUDY TYPE Cross-sectional, prospective. SUBJECTS A total of 38 school-aged pediatric epilepsy patients with structurally normal MRI as determined by at least two independent radiologists (60% males; 8.7 ± 2.5 years; including 20 cases of focal pediatric epilepsy [FE] and 18 cases of generalized pediatric epilepsy [GE]) and 17 healthy controls (HC) (41% males; 9.0 ± 2.5 years). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3.0 T; 3D magnetization prepared rapid gradient echo (MPRAGE) and 2D turbo spin echo GluCEST sequences. ASSESSMENT The relative concentration of glutamate was calculated through pixel-wise magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym) analysis of the GluCEST data. Hippocampal subfield volumes were computed from MPRAGE data using FreeSurfer. STATISTICAL TESTS This study used t tests, one-way analysis of variance, Kruskal-Wallis tests, and Pearson correlation analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS The MTRasym values of both the left and right hippocampi were significantly elevated in GE (left: 2.51 ± 0.23 [GE] vs. 2.31 ± 0.12 [HCs], right: 2.50 ± 0.22 [GE] vs. 2.27 ± 0.22 [HCs]). The MTRasym values of the ipsilateral hippocampus were significantly elevated in FE (2.49 ± 0.28 [ipsilateral] vs. 2.29 ± 0.16 [HCs]). The MTRasym values of the ipsilateral hippocampus were significantly increased compared to the contralateral hippocampus in FE (2.49 ± 0.28 [ipsilateral] vs. 2.35 ± 0.34 [contralateral]). No significant differences in hippocampal volume were found between different groups (left hippocampus, P = 0.87; right hippocampus, P = 0.87). DATA CONCLUSION GluCEST imaging have potential for the noninvasive measurement of glutamate levels in the brains of children with epilepsy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 2 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donghao Xu
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Qingfa Ren
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Quanyuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Miaomiao Liu
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - He Gong
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Yuwei Liu
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
| | - Zhijie Yin
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Zhen Zeng
- Department of Radiology, Chongqing Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Chongqing, China
| | - Shuyuan Xia
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Yanyan Zhang
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Quansheng Gao
- Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin Institute of Environmental & Operational Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, Binzhou, China
| | - Xianglin Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, China
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Wahidi R, Zhang Y, Li R, Xu J, Zayed MA, Hastings MK, Zheng J. Quantitative Assessment of Peripheral Oxidative Metabolism With a New Dynamic 1H MRI Technique: A Pilot Study in People With and Without Diabetes Mellitus. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 59:2091-2100. [PMID: 37695103 PMCID: PMC10925551 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.28996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is linked to impaired mitochondrial function. Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a gadolinium-contrast-free 1H method to assess mitochondrial function by measuring low-concentration metabolites. A CEST MRI-based technique may serve as a non-invasive proxy for assessing mitochondrial health. HYPOTHESIS A 1H CEST MRI technique may detect significant differences in in vivo skeletal muscle phosphocreatine (SMPCr) kinetics between healthy volunteers and T2DM patients undergoing standardized isometric exercise. STUDY TYPE Cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS Seven subjects without T2DM (T2DM-) and seven age, sex, and BMI-matched subjects with T2DM (T2DM+). FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE Single-shot rapid acquisition with refocusing echoes (RARE) and single-shot gradient-echo sequences, 3 T. ASSESSMENT Subjects underwent a rest-exercise-recovery imaging protocol to dynamically acquire SMPCr maps in calf musculature. Medial gastrocnemius (MG) and soleus SMPCr concentrations were plotted over time, and SMPCr recovery time, τ , was determined. Mitochondrial function index was calculated as the ratio of resting SMPCr to τ . Participants underwent a second exercise protocol for imaging of skeletal muscle blood flow (SMBF), and its association with SMPCr was assessed. STATISTICAL TESTS Unpaired t-tests and Pearson correlation coefficient. A P value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. RESULTS SMPCr concentrations in MG and soleus displayed expected declines during exercise and returns to baseline during recovery. τ was significantly longer in the T2DM+ cohort (MG 83.5 ± 25.8 vs. 54.0 ± 21.1, soleus 90.5 ± 18.9 vs. 51.2 ± 14.5). The mitochondrial function index in the soleus was significantly lower in the T2DM+ cohort (0.33 ± 0.08 vs. 0.66 ± 0.19). SMBF was moderately correlated with the SMPCr in T2DM-; this correlation was not significant in T2DM+ (r = -0.23, P = 0.269). CONCLUSION The CEST MRI method is feasible for quantifying SMPCr in peripheral muscle tissue. T2DM+ individuals had significantly lower oxidative capacities than T2DM- individuals. In T2DM, skeletal muscle metabolism appeared to be decoupled from perfusion. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Wahidi
- Washington University School of Medicine, Missouri, Saint Louis, USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ran Li
- Washington University School of Medicine, Missouri, Saint Louis, USA
| | - Jiadi Xu
- John Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Mohamed A. Zayed
- Washington University School of Medicine, Missouri, Saint Louis, USA
| | - Mary K. Hastings
- Washington University School of Medicine, Missouri, Saint Louis, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Washington University School of Medicine, Missouri, Saint Louis, USA
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Sheng L, Yuan E, Yuan F, Song B. Amide proton transfer-weighted imaging of the abdomen: Current progress and future directions. Magn Reson Imaging 2024; 107:88-99. [PMID: 38242255 DOI: 10.1016/j.mri.2024.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2023] [Revised: 01/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The chemical exchange saturation transfer technique serves as a valuable tool for generating in vivo image contrast based on the content of various proton groups, including amide protons, amine protons, and aliphatic protons. Among these, amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging has seen extensive development as a means to assess the biochemical status of lesions. The exchange from saturated amide protons to bulk water protons during and following the saturation ratio frequency pulse contributes to detectable APT signals. While APTw imaging has garnered significant attention in the central nervous system, demonstrating noteworthy findings in cerebral neoplasia, stroke, and Alzheimer's disease over the past decade, its application in the abdomen has been a relatively recent progression. Notably, studies have explored its utility in hepatocellular carcinoma, prostate cancer, and cervical carcinoma within the abdominal context. Despite these advancements, there is a paucity of reviews on APTw imaging in abdominal applications. This paper aims to fill this gap by providing a concise overview of the fundamental theories underpinning APTw imaging. Additionally, we systematically summarize its diverse clinical applications in the abdomen, with a particular focus on the digestive and urogenital systems. Finally, the manuscript concludes by discussing technical limitations and factors influencing APTw imaging in abdominal applications, along with prospects for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuji Sheng
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Enyu Yuan
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Fang Yuan
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.
| | - Bin Song
- Department of Radiology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Functional and Molecular Imaging Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China; Department of Radiology, Sanya People's Hospital, Sanya, Hainan, China.
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Zhou L, Pan W, Huang R, Wang T, Wei Z, Wang H, Zhang Y, Li Y. Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted MRI, Associations with Clinical Severity and Prognosis in Ischemic Strokes. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38426606 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Revised: 02/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and the modified Rankin scale (mRS) scores have important shortcomings. Amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging might offer more valuable information in ischemic strokes assessment. PURPOSE To utilize APTw, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), and computed tomography perfusion (CTP) for the assessment of clinical symptom severity and 90-day prognosis in patients diagnosed with ischemic stroke. STUDY TYPE Prospective. SUBJECTS 61 patients (mean age 63.2 ± 9.7 years; 46 males, 15 females) with ischemic strokes were included in the study. FIELD STRENGTH/SEQUENCE 3T/turbo spin echo (TSE) T1 -weighted imaging, T2 -weighted imaging, T2 -fluid attenuated inversion recovery (T2 -FLAIR), diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), and single-shot TSE APTw imaging. ASSESSMENT APTw, ADC, and CTP were used to compare patient subgroups and construct a prognostic nomogram model. STATISTICAL TESTS Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test, Mann-Whitney U test, chi-square test, Pearson correlation analysis, multivariate logistic regression analysis, decision curve analysis (DCA), receiver operating characteristic curves (ROCs). The significance threshold was set at P < 0.05. RESULTS Correlation analysis revealed that APTw and NIHSS exhibit the highest correlation (r = -0.634, 95% confidence interval [CI] -0.418 to -0.782), surpassing that of ADC and lesion size. Multivariable analysis revealed APTw (odds ratio [OR] 0.905, 95% CI 0.845-0.970), ADC (OR 0.745, 95% CI 0.609-0.911), and infarct core-cerebral blood volume (IC-CBV) (OR 0.547, 95% CI 0.310-0.964) as potential risk factors associated with a poor prognosis. The nomogram model demonstrated the highest predictive efficacy, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.960 (95% CI 0.911-0.988), exceeding that of APTw, ADC, and IC-CBV individually. DATA CONCLUSION The APTw technique holds potential value in categorizing and managing patients with ischemic stroke, offering guidance for the implementation of clinical treatment strategies. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE 1 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Le Zhou
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou city, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Wanqian Pan
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Renjun Huang
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou city, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Tianye Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zifan Wei
- Suzhou Medical College of Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yonggang Li
- Department of Radiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou city, Jiangsu Province, China
- Institute of Medical Imaging, Soochow University, Suzhou city, Jiangsu Province, China
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Xu J, Zu T, Hsu YC, Wang X, Chan KWY, Zhang Y. Accelerating CEST imaging using a model-based deep neural network with synthetic training data. Magn Reson Med 2024; 91:583-599. [PMID: 37867413 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a model-based deep neural network for high-quality image reconstruction of undersampled multi-coil CEST data. THEORY AND METHODS Inspired by the variational network (VN), the CEST image reconstruction equation is unrolled into a deep neural network (CEST-VN) with a k-space data-sharing block that takes advantage of the inherent redundancy in adjacent CEST frames and 3D spatial-frequential convolution kernels that exploit correlations in the x-ω domain. Additionally, a new pipeline based on multiple-pool Bloch-McConnell simulations is devised to synthesize multi-coil CEST data from publicly available anatomical MRI data. The proposed network is trained on simulated data with a CEST-specific loss function that jointly measures the structural and CEST contrast. The performance of CEST-VN was evaluated on four healthy volunteers and five brain tumor patients using retrospectively or prospectively undersampled data with various acceleration factors, and then compared with other conventional and state-of-the-art reconstruction methods. RESULTS The proposed CEST-VN method generated high-quality CEST source images and amide proton transfer-weighted maps in healthy and brain tumor subjects, consistently outperforming GRAPPA, blind compressed sensing, and the original VN. With the acceleration factors increasing from 3 to 6, CEST-VN with the same hyperparameters yielded similar and accurate reconstruction without apparent loss of details or increase of artifacts. The ablation studies confirmed the effectiveness of the CEST-specific loss function and data-sharing block used. CONCLUSIONS The proposed CEST-VN method can offer high-quality CEST source images and amide proton transfer-weighted maps from highly undersampled multi-coil data by integrating the deep learning prior and multi-coil sensitivity encoding model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianping Xu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Tao Zu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi-Cheng Hsu
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Wang
- School of Medical Imaging, Weifang Medical University, Weifang, People's Republic of China
| | - Kannie W Y Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
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Han M, Li Q, Yang T, Li J. Amide proton transfer imaging in rats after heatstroke. Neuroreport 2024; 35:37-41. [PMID: 37983618 DOI: 10.1097/wnr.0000000000001974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Metabolic acidosis is the most common acid-base change following heatstroke. This study aimed to evaluate the internal environment changes caused by heatstroke using amide proton transfer (APT) imaging. Nineteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the control group (CTRL, n = 7) and the heatstroke group (HS, n = 12). All the rats underwent a 7.0-T MRI, which included T2-weighted imaging (T2WI) and APT imaging. Subsequently, the surviving HS group rats repeated the same magnetic resonance scanning after 25 days and were designated as the follow-up group (FU, n = 7). APT values were measured in the hippocampus, thalamus, and corpus callosum. The APT values of the three groups were statistically analyzed and found in the hippocampus (CTRL vs. HS, P = 0.011; CTRL vs. FU, P = 0.078; HS vs. FU, P = 0.484; η ² = 0.276), left thalamus (CTRL vs. HS, P = 0.004; CTRL vs. FU, P = 0.014; HS vs. FU, P = 0.822; η ² = 0.331), right thalamus (CTRL vs. HS, P = 0.003; CTRL vs. FU, P = 0.015; HS vs. FU P = 0.769; η ² = 0.336), and corpus callosum (CTRL vs. HS, P < 0.001; CTRL vs. FU, P = 0.005; HS vs. FU, P = 0.523; η ² = 0.437). APT imaging can be a viable and practical tool for diagnosing heatstroke and monitoring its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxing Han
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai
| | - Qinglong Li
- Department of Radiology, Henan Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine (The Second Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine), Zhengzhou, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Yang
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Radiology, Yantai Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical University, Yantai
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Zhang Y, Zu T, Liu R, Zhou J. Acquisition sequences and reconstruction methods for fast chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4699. [PMID: 35067987 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging is an emerging molecular magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technique that has been developed and employed in numerous diseases. Based on the unique saturation transfer principle, a family of CEST-detectable biomolecules in vivo have been found capable of providing valuable diagnostic information. However, CEST MRI needs a relatively long scan time due to the common long saturation labeling module and typical acquisition of multiple frequency offsets and signal averages, limiting its widespread clinical applications. So far, a plethora of imaging schemes and techniques has been developed to accelerate CEST MRI. In this review, the key acquisition and reconstruction methods for fast CEST imaging are summarized from a practical and systematic point of view. The first acquisition sequence section describes the major development of saturation schemes, readout patterns, ultrafast z-spectroscopy, and saturation-editing techniques for rapid CEST imaging. The second reconstruction method section lists the important advances of parallel imaging, compressed sensing, sparsity in the z-spectrum, and algorithms beyond the Fourier transform for speeding up CEST MRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Tao Zu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruibin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jinyuan Zhou
- Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Qian Z, Liu R, Wu Z, Hsu YC, Fu C, Sun Y, Wu D, Zhang Y. Saturation-prolongated and inhomogeneity-mitigated chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging with parallel transmission. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2023; 36:e4689. [PMID: 34994025 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging benefits from a longer saturation duration and a higher saturation duty cycle. Dielectric shading effects occur when the radiofrequency (RF) wavelength approaches the object size. Here, we proposed a simultaneous parallel transmission-based CEST (pTx-CEST) sequence to prolongate the saturation duration at a 100% duty cycle and improve the RF saturation homogeneity in CEST imaging. The simultaneous pTx-CEST sequence was implemented by switching the CEST saturation module from the non-pTx to pTx mode, using the pTx functionality with both transmit channels being driven simultaneously (instead of time-interleaved). The optimization of amplitude ratio and phase difference settings between RF channels for best B1 homogeneity was performed in phantoms of two different sizes mimicking the human brain and abdomen. The optimal amplitude and phase settings generating the best B1 homogeneity in the phantoms were used in pTx-CEST scans of the human study. The comparison of the maximum achievable saturation duration between the non-pTx-CEST and pTx-CEST sequences was performed in a protein phantom, healthy volunteers, and a metastatic brain tumor patient. The optimal amplitude ratio and phase difference setting between transmit channels manifested circular and elliptical polarization in the head-sized and abdomen-sized phantoms. In the brain, the maximum saturation durations achieved at a 100% duty cycle using the simultaneous pTx-CEST sequence were prolonged to 2240, 3220, and 4200 ms compared with 980 ms using the non-pTx-CEST sequence at repetition times of 3, 4, and 5 s, respectively. The longer saturation duration helped improve the image contrast between the tumor and the normal tissue in the patient. The optimized elliptical polarization mode saturation pulses yielded improved uniformity of CEST signals acquired from the human abdomen. The proposed simultaneous pTx-CEST sequence enabled essentially arbitrarily long saturation duration at a 100% duty cycle and helped reduce the dielectric shading effects with the optimized RF setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihua Qian
- Department of Radiology, The Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ruibin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhe Wu
- Techna Institute, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Yi-Cheng Hsu
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Fu
- MR Application Development, Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Sun
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Yong X, Lu S, Hsu YC, Fu C, Sun Y, Zhang Y. Numerical fitting of Extrapolated semisolid Magnetization transfer Reference signals: Improved detection of ischemic stroke. Magn Reson Med 2023; 90:722-736. [PMID: 37052377 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To propose a novel Numerical fitting method of the Extrapolated semisolid Magnetization transfer Reference (NEMR) signal for quantifying the CEST effect. THEORY AND METHODS Modified two-pool Bloch-McConnell equations were used to numerically fit the magnetization transfer (MT) and direct water saturation (DS) signals at far off-resonance frequencies, which was subsequently extrapolated into the frequency range of amide proton transfer (APT) and nuclear Overhauser enhancement (NOE) pools. Then the subtraction of the fitted two-pool z-spectrum and the experimentally acquired z-spectrum yielded APT# and NOE# signals mostly free of MT and DS contamination. Several strategies were used to accelerate the NEMR fitting. Furthermore, the proposed NEMR method was compared with the conventional extrapolated semisolid magnetization transfer reference (EMR) and magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym ) methods in simulations and stroke patients. RESULTS The combination of RF downsampling, MT lineshape look-up table, and conversion of MATLAB code to C code accelerated the NEMR fitting by over 2700-fold. Monte-Carlo simulations showed that NEMR had higher accuracy than EMR and eliminated the requirement of the steady-state condition. In ischemic stroke patients, the NEMR maps at 1 μT removed hypointense artifacts seen on EMR and MTRasym images, and better depicted stroke lesions than EMR. For NEMR, NOE# yielded significantly (p < 0.05) stronger signal contrast between stroke and normal tissues than APT# at 1 μT. CONCLUSION The proposed NEMR method is suitable for arbitrary saturation settings and can remove MT and DS contamination from the CEST signal for improved detection of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingwang Yong
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shanshan Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Hsu
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Fu
- Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd., Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Sun
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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11
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Amide Proton Transfer-Weighted Imaging Combined with ZOOMit Diffusion Kurtosis Imaging in Predicting Lymph Node Metastasis of Cervical Cancer. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:bioengineering10030331. [PMID: 36978722 PMCID: PMC10045132 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10030331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study is to investigate the feasibility of amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) imaging combined with ZOOMit diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) in predicting lymph node metastasis (LNM) in cervical cancer (CC). Materials and Methods: Sixty-one participants with pathologically confirmed CC were included in this retrospective study. The APTw MRI and ZOOMit diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) were acquired. The mean values of APTw and DKI parameters including mean kurtosis (MK) and mean diffusivity (MD) of the primary tumors were calculated. The parameters were compared between the LNM and non-LNM groups using the Student’s t-test or Mann–Whitney U test. Binary logistic regression analysis was performed to determine the association between the LNM status and the risk factors. The diagnostic performance of these quantitative parameters and their combinations for predicting the LNM was assessed with receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis. Results: Patients were divided into the LNM group (n = 17) and the non-LNM group (n = 44). The LNM group presented significantly higher APTw (3.7 ± 1.1% vs. 2.4 ± 1.0%, p < 0.001), MK (1.065 ± 0.185 vs. 0.909 ± 0.189, p = 0.005) and lower MD (0.989 ± 0.195 × 10−3 mm2/s vs. 1.193 ± 0.337 ×10−3 mm2/s, p = 0.035) than the non-LNM group. APTw was an independent predictor (OR = 3.115, p = 0.039) for evaluating the lymph node status through multivariate analysis. The area under the curve (AUC) of APTw (0.807) was higher than those of MK (AUC, 0.715) and MD (AUC, 0.675) for discriminating LNM from non-LNM, but the differences were not significant (all p > 0.05). Moreover, the combination of APTw, MK, and MD yielded the highest AUC (0.864), with the corresponding sensitivity of 76.5% and specificity of 88.6%. Conclusion: APTw and ZOOMit DKI parameters may serve as potential noninvasive biomarkers in predicting LNM of CC.
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12
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Wang K, Wen Q, Wu D, Hsu YC, Heo HY, Wang W, Sun Y, Ma Y, Wu D, Zhang Y. Lateralization of temporal lobe epileptic foci with automated chemical exchange saturation transfer measurements at 3 Tesla. EBioMedicine 2023; 89:104460. [PMID: 36773347 PMCID: PMC9945641 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) is an indispensable tool for the diagnosis of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). However, about 30% of TLE patients show no lesion on structural MRI (sMRI-negative), posing a significant challenge for presurgical evaluation. This study aimed to investigate whether chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) MRI at 3 Tesla can lateralize the epileptic focus of TLE and study the metabolic contributors to the CEST signal measured. METHODS Forty TLE subjects (16 males and 24 females) were included in this study. An automated data analysis pipeline was established, including segmentation of the hippocampus and amygdala (HA), calculation of four CEST metrics and quantitative relaxation times (T1 and T2), and construction of prediction models by logistic regression. Furthermore, a modified two-stage Bloch-McConnell fitting method was developed to investigate the molecular imaging mechanism of 3 T CEST in identifying epileptic foci of TLE. FINDINGS The mean CEST ratio (CESTR) metric within 2.25-3.25 ppm in the HA was the most powerful index in predicting seizure laterality, with an area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.84. And, the combination of T2 and CESTR further increased the AUC to 0.92. Amine and guanidinium moieties were the two leading contributors to the CEST contrast between the epileptogenic HA and the normal HA. INTERPRETATION CEST at 3 Tesla is a powerful modality that can predict seizure laterality with high accuracy. This study can potentially facilitate the clinical translation of CEST MRI in identifying the epileptic foci of TLE or other localization-related epilepsies. FUNDING National Natural Science Foundation of China, Science Technology Department of Zhejiang Province, and Zhejiang University.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Wang
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Qingqing Wen
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Dengchang Wu
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Hsu
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Hye-Young Heo
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Yi Sun
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, 201318, China
| | - Yuehui Ma
- Epilepsy Center, Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310003, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310027, China.
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13
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Zu T, Sun Y, Wu D, Zhang Y. Joint K-space and Image-space Parallel Imaging (KIPI) for accelerated chemical exchange saturation transfer acquisition. Magn Reson Med 2023; 89:922-936. [PMID: 36336741 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 08/25/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop an auto-calibrated technique by joint K-space and Image-space Parallel Imaging (KIPI) for accelerated CEST acquisition. THEORY AND METHODS The KIPI method selects a calibration frame with a low acceleration factor (AF) and auto-calibration signals (ACS) acquired, from which the coil sensitivity profiles and artifact correction maps are calculated after restoring the k-space by GRAPPA. Then the other frames with high AF and without ACS can be reconstructed by SENSE and artifact suppression. The signal leakage due to the T2 -decay filtering in k-space compromises the SENSE reconstruction, which can be corrected by the artifact suppression algorithm of KIPI. The 2D and 3D imaging experiments were done on the phantom, healthy volunteer, and brain tumor patient with a 3T scanner. RESULTS The proposed KIPI method was evaluated by retrospectively undersampled data with variable AFs and compared against existing parallel imaging methods (SENSE/auto, GRAPPA, and ESPIRiT). KIPI enabled CEST frames with random AFs to achieve similar image quality, eliminated the strong aliasing artifacts, and generated significantly smaller errors than the other methods (p < 0.01). The KIPI method permitted an AF up to 12-fold in both phase-encoding and slice-encoding directions for 3D CEST source images, achieving an overall 8.2-fold speedup in scan time. CONCLUSION KIPI is a novel auto-calibrated parallel imaging method that enables variable AFs for different CEST frames, achieves a significant reduction in scan time, and does not compromise the accuracy of CEST maps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Sun
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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14
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Ren Q, Wan B, Luo X, Liu Q, Gong H, Li H, Luo M, Xu D, Liu P, Wang J, Yin Z, Li X. Glutamate alterations in the premature infant brain during different gestational ages with glutamate chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging: a pilot study. Eur Radiol 2023; 33:4214-4222. [PMID: 36600123 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09374-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To elucidate the change in glutamate levels in preterm infants at different gestational ages by glutamate chemical exchange saturated transfer (GluCEST) magnetic resonance imaging and to compare the difference in glutamate levels among different brain regions between very early preterm infants and middle and late preterm infants. METHODS Fifty-three preterm infants (59% males; median gestational age = 33.6 weeks) underwent MRI, including conventional MRI and GluCEST. The original data were postprocessed in MATLAB. Correlation analysis was used to determine the relationship between the MTRasym and gestational age. The differences in MTRasym signals among different ROIs were statistically analysed by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). The MTRasym difference of the bilateral hemispherical ROI was compared by a paired T test. RESULTS In all ROIs, glutamate concentration was positively correlated with gestational age. The glutamate concentration in the thalamus was higher than that in the frontal lobe in very early, middle and late preterm infants. A difference in glutamate concentration was not found in the bilateral ROIs. CONCLUSIONS The concentration of glutamate in the brains of preterm infants of different gestational ages increased with gestational age, which may be one of the factors contributing to the higher incidence of neurodevelopmental dysfunction in very early preterm infants compared to that in middle and late preterm infants. Meanwhile, the glutamate concentrations among different brain regions were also diverse. KEY POINTS • The glutamate concentration was positively correlated with gestational age in preterm infants of the brain. • Glutamate concentrations were dissimilar in different brain regions of preterm infants. • Glutamate concentration during the process of brain development in premature infants was not found to be asymmetric.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfa Ren
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Laishan District, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Bin Wan
- Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Huanghe 2nd Road, Bincheng District, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Department of Radiology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Chongqing University, No. 181 Hanyu Road, Shapingba District, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Quanyuan Liu
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Huanghe 2nd Road, Bincheng District, Binzhou, 256600, China
| | - He Gong
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Laishan District, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Hao Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Laishan District, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Mingfang Luo
- Department of Radiology, Sichuan Academy of Medical Sciences and Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, No. 32, West Second Section, First Ring Road, Qingyang District, Chengdu, 610072, China
| | - Donghao Xu
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Laishan District, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Pan Liu
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Laishan District, Yantai, 264003, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Huanghe 2nd Road, Bincheng District, Binzhou, 256600, China.
| | - Zhijie Yin
- Department of Radiology, Binzhou Medical University Hospital, No. 661 Huanghe 2nd Road, Bincheng District, Binzhou, 256600, China.
| | - Xianglin Li
- School of Medical Imaging, Binzhou Medical University, No. 346 Guanhai Road, Laishan District, Yantai, 264003, China.
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15
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Li S, He K, Yuan G, Yong X, Meng X, Feng C, Zhang Y, Kamel IR, Li Z. WHO/ISUP grade and pathological T stage of clear cell renal cell carcinoma: value of ZOOMit diffusion kurtosis imaging and chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging. Eur Radiol 2022; 33:4429-4439. [PMID: 36472697 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-022-09312-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/21/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the value of ZOOMit diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging in predicting WHO/ISUP grade and pathological T stage in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). METHODS Forty-six patients with ccRCC were included in this retrospective study. All participants underwent MRI including ZOOMit DKI and CEST. The non-Gaussian mean kurtosis (MK), mean diffusivity (MD), magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym (3.5 ppm)), and Ssat (3.5 ppm)/S0 were analyzed based on different WHO/ISUP grades and pT stages. Binary logistic regression was used to identify the best combination of the parameters. Pearson's correlation coefficients were calculated between CEST and diffusion-related parameters. RESULTS The ADC, MD, and Ssat (3.5 ppm)/S0 values were significantly lower for higher WHO/ISUP grade tumors, whereas the MK and MTRasym (3.5 ppm) were higher in higher WHO/ISUP grade and higher pT stage tumors. MTRasym (3.5 ppm) combined with MD (AUC, 0.930; 95% CI, 0.858-1.000) showed the best diagnostic efficacy in evaluating the WHO/ISUP grade. MTRasym (3.5 ppm) and MK were mildly positively correlated (r = 0.324, p = 0.028). Ssat (3.5 ppm)/S0 was moderately positively correlated with ADC (r = 0.580, p < 0.001), mildly positively correlated with MD (r = 0.412, p = 0.005), and moderately negatively correlated with MK (r = -0.575, p < .001). CONCLUSION The microstructural and biochemical assessment of ZOOMit DKI and CEST allowed for the characterization of different WHO/ISUP grades and pT stages in ccRCC. MTRasym (3.5 ppm) combined with MD showed the best diagnostic performance for WHO/ISUP grading. KEY POINTS • Both diffusion kurtosis imaging (DKI) and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) can be used to predict the WHO/ISUP grade and pathological T stage. • MTRasym (3.5 ppm) combined with MD showed the highest AUC (0.930; 95% CI, 0.858-1.000) in WHO/ISUP grading. • MTRasym at 3.5 ppm showed a positive correlation with mean kurtosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shichao Li
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kangwen He
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guanjie Yuan
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Xingwang Yong
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoyan Meng
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cui Feng
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Ihab R Kamel
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, the Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Zhen Li
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.
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16
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Zhou J, Zaiss M, Knutsson L, Sun PZ, Ahn SS, Aime S, Bachert P, Blakeley JO, Cai K, Chappell MA, Chen M, Gochberg DF, Goerke S, Heo HY, Jiang S, Jin T, Kim SG, Laterra J, Paech D, Pagel MD, Park JE, Reddy R, Sakata A, Sartoretti-Schefer S, Sherry AD, Smith SA, Stanisz GJ, Sundgren PC, Togao O, Vandsburger M, Wen Z, Wu Y, Zhang Y, Zhu W, Zu Z, van Zijl PCM. Review and consensus recommendations on clinical APT-weighted imaging approaches at 3T: Application to brain tumors. Magn Reson Med 2022; 88:546-574. [PMID: 35452155 PMCID: PMC9321891 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.29241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2021] [Revised: 02/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) MR imaging shows promise as a biomarker of brain tumor status. Currently used APTw MRI pulse sequences and protocols vary substantially among different institutes, and there are no agreed-on standards in the imaging community. Therefore, the results acquired from different research centers are difficult to compare, which hampers uniform clinical application and interpretation. This paper reviews current clinical APTw imaging approaches and provides a rationale for optimized APTw brain tumor imaging at 3 T, including specific recommendations for pulse sequences, acquisition protocols, and data processing methods. We expect that these consensus recommendations will become the first broadly accepted guidelines for APTw imaging of brain tumors on 3 T MRI systems from different vendors. This will allow more medical centers to use the same or comparable APTw MRI techniques for the detection, characterization, and monitoring of brain tumors, enabling multi-center trials in larger patient cohorts and, ultimately, routine clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyuan Zhou
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Magnetic Resonance Center, Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany.,Institute of Neuroradiology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Phillip Zhe Sun
- Yerkes Imaging Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Sung Soo Ahn
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiological Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Silvio Aime
- Molecular Imaging Center, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Peter Bachert
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Faculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jaishri O Blakeley
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Kejia Cai
- Department of Radiology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael A Chappell
- Mental Health and Clinical Neurosciences and Sir Peter Mansfield Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK.,Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, Queen's Medical Centre, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Min Chen
- Department of Radiology, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Daniel F Gochberg
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Physics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Steffen Goerke
- Department of Medical Physics in Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Hye-Young Heo
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Shanshan Jiang
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Tao Jin
- Department of Radiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Seong-Gi Kim
- Center for Neuroscience Imaging Research, Institute for Basic Science and Department of Biomedical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, South Korea
| | - John Laterra
- Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Daniel Paech
- Department of Radiology, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany.,Clinic for Neuroradiology, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Mark D Pagel
- Department of Cancer Systems Imaging, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute of Radiology, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Asan Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ravinder Reddy
- Center for Advance Metabolic Imaging in Precision Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Akihiko Sakata
- Department of Diagnostic Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | | | - A Dean Sherry
- Advanced Imaging Research Center and Department of Radiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas, USA
| | - Seth A Smith
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Greg J Stanisz
- Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Pia C Sundgren
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology/Clinical Sciences Lund, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Osamu Togao
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Diagnosis, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | | | - Zhibo Wen
- Department of Radiology, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Paul C. Lauterbur Research Center for Biomedical Imaging, Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenzhen Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zhongliang Zu
- Vanderbilt University Institute of Imaging Science (VUIIS), Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Radiology and Radiological Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- Division of MR Research, Department of Radiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Hugo W. Moser Research Institute at Kennedy Krieger, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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17
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Huang J, Chen Z, Park SW, Lai JHC, Chan KWY. Molecular Imaging of Brain Tumors and Drug Delivery Using CEST MRI: Promises and Challenges. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:451. [PMID: 35214183 PMCID: PMC8880023 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14020451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) detects molecules in their natural forms in a sensitive and non-invasive manner. This makes it a robust approach to assess brain tumors and related molecular alterations using endogenous molecules, such as proteins/peptides, and drugs approved for clinical use. In this review, we will discuss the promises of CEST MRI in the identification of tumors, tumor grading, detecting molecular alterations related to isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) and O-6-methylguanine-DNA methyltransferase (MGMT), assessment of treatment effects, and using multiple contrasts of CEST to develop theranostic approaches for cancer treatments. Promising applications include (i) using the CEST contrast of amide protons of proteins/peptides to detect brain tumors, such as glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) and low-grade gliomas; (ii) using multiple CEST contrasts for tumor stratification, and (iii) evaluation of the efficacy of drug delivery without the need of metallic or radioactive labels. These promising applications have raised enthusiasm, however, the use of CEST MRI is not trivial. CEST contrast depends on the pulse sequences, saturation parameters, methods used to analyze the CEST spectrum (i.e., Z-spectrum), and, importantly, how to interpret changes in CEST contrast and related molecular alterations in the brain. Emerging pulse sequence designs and data analysis approaches, including those assisted with deep learning, have enhanced the capability of CEST MRI in detecting molecules in brain tumors. CEST has become a specific marker for tumor grading and has the potential for prognosis and theranostics in brain tumors. With increasing understanding of the technical aspects and associated molecular alterations detected by CEST MRI, this young field is expected to have wide clinical applications in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianpan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (J.H.); (Z.C.); (S.-W.P.); (J.H.C.L.)
| | - Zilin Chen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (J.H.); (Z.C.); (S.-W.P.); (J.H.C.L.)
| | - Se-Weon Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (J.H.); (Z.C.); (S.-W.P.); (J.H.C.L.)
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
| | - Joseph H. C. Lai
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (J.H.); (Z.C.); (S.-W.P.); (J.H.C.L.)
| | - Kannie W. Y. Chan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; (J.H.); (Z.C.); (S.-W.P.); (J.H.C.L.)
- Hong Kong Centre for Cerebro-Cardiovascular Health Engineering (COCHE), Hong Kong, China
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
- Shenzhen Research Institute, City University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen 518057, China
- Tung Biomedical Science Centre, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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18
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Fu F, Meng N, Huang Z, Sun J, Wang X, Shang J, Fang T, Feng P, Wang K, Han D, Wang M. Identification of histological features of endometrioid adenocarcinoma based on amide proton transfer-weighted imaging and multimodel diffusion-weighted imaging. Quant Imaging Med Surg 2022; 12:1311-1323. [PMID: 35111626 DOI: 10.21037/qims-21-189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Noninvasive identification of the histological features of endometrioid adenocarcinoma is necessary. This study aimed to investigate whether amide proton transfer-weighted imaging (APTWI) and multimodel (monoexponential, biexponential, and stretched exponential) diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI) could predict the histological grade of endometrial adenocarcinoma (EA). In addition, we analyzed the correlation between each parameter and the Ki-67 index. METHODS A total of 90 EA patients who received pelvic magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were enrolled. The magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry [MTRasym (3.5 ppm)], apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC), diffusion coefficient (D), pseudo-diffusion coefficient (D*), perfusion fraction (f), distributed diffusion coefficient (DDC), and water molecular diffusion heterogeneity index (α) were measured and compared. Correlation coefficients between each parameter and histological grade and the Ki-67 index were calculated. Statistical methods included the independent samples t test, Spearman's correlation, and logistic regression. RESULTS MTRasym (3.5 ppm) [(3.72%±0.31%) vs. (3.27%±0.48%)], f [(3.15%±0.36%) vs. (2.69%±0.83%)], and α [(0.89±0.05) vs. (0.81±0.09)] were higher and ADC [(0.82±0.08) vs. (0.89±0.10) ×10-3 mm2/s], D [(0.67±0.09) vs. (0.81±0.11) ×10-3 mm2/s], and DDC [(1.04±0.09) vs. (1.13±0.13) ×10-3 mm2/s] were lower in high-grade EA than in low-grade EA (P<0.05). MTRasym (3.5 ppm) and D were independent predictors for the histological grade of EA. The combination of MTRasym (3.5 ppm) and D were better able to identify high- and low-grade EA than was each parameter. MTRasym (3.5 ppm) and α were moderately and weakly positively correlated, respectively, with histological grade and the Ki-67 index (r=0.528, r=0.514, r=0.395, and r=0.367; P<0.05). D was moderately negatively correlated with histological grade and the Ki-67 index (r=-0.540 and r=-0.529; P<0.05). DDC was weakly and moderately negatively correlated with histological grade and the Ki-67 index, respectively (r=-0.473 and r=-0.515; P<0.05). ADC was weakly negatively correlated with histological grade and the Ki-67 index (r=-0.417 and r=-0.427; P<0.05). f was weakly positively correlated with histological grade and the Ki-67 index (r=0.294 and r=0.355; P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Our study found that both multimodel DWI and APTWI could be used to estimate the histological grade and Ki-67 index of EA, and the combination of high MTRasym (3.5 ppm) and low D may be an effective imaging marker for predicting the grade of EA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Fu
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital & Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Nan Meng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital & Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China.,Department of MR, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Zhun Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan University People's Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jing Sun
- Department of Pediatrics, Zhengzhou Central Hospital, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xuejia Wang
- Department of MR, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Jie Shang
- Department of Pathology, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Ting Fang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital & Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Pengyang Feng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan University People's Hospital & Henan Provincial People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- MR Research China, GE Healthcare, Beijing, China
| | - Dongming Han
- Department of MR, the First Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Weihui, China
| | - Meiyun Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Henan Provincial People's Hospital & Zhengzhou University People's Hospital, Zhengzhou, China.,Academy of Medical Sciences, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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19
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Seidemo A, Lehmann PM, Rydhög A, Wirestam R, Helms G, Zhang Y, Yadav NN, Sundgren PC, van Zijl PC, Knutsson L. Towards robust glucose chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging in humans at 3 T: Arterial input function measurements and the effects of infusion time. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2022; 35:e4624. [PMID: 34585813 PMCID: PMC9128843 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Dynamic glucose-enhanced (DGE) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has shown potential for tumor imaging using D-glucose as a biodegradable contrast agent. The DGE signal change is small at 3 T (around 1%) and accurate detection is hampered by motion. The intravenous D-glucose injection is associated with transient side effects that can indirectly generate subject movements. In this study, the aim was to study DGE arterial input functions (AIFs) in healthy volunteers at 3 T for different scanning protocols, as a step towards making the glucose chemical exchange saturation transfer (glucoCEST) protocol more robust. Two different infusion durations (1.5 and 4.0 min) and saturation frequency offsets (1.2 and 2.0 ppm) were used. The effect of subject motion on the DGE signal was studied by using motion estimates retrieved from standard retrospective motion correction to create pseudo-DGE maps, where the apparent DGE signal changes were entirely caused by motion. Furthermore, the DGE AIFs were compared with venous blood glucose levels. A significant difference (p = 0.03) between arterial baseline and postinfusion DGE signal was found after D-glucose infusion. The results indicate that the measured DGE AIF signal change depends on both motion and blood glucose concentration change, emphasizing the need for sufficient motion correction in glucoCEST imaging. Finally, we conclude that a longer infusion duration (e.g. 3-4 min) should preferably be used in glucoCEST experiments, because it can minimize the glucose infusion side effects without negatively affecting the DGE signal change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anina Seidemo
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Anna Rydhög
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
| | - Ronnie Wirestam
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Gunther Helms
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Biomedical Engineering and Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nirbhay N. Yadav
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Pia C. Sundgren
- Department of Medical Imaging and Physiology, Skåne University Hospital, Lund and Malmö, Sweden
- Diagnostic Radiology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Lund University Bioimaging Center, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter C.M. van Zijl
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Institute, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Linda Knutsson
- Department of Medical Radiation Physics, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
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20
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Jia X, Wang W, Liang J, Ma X, Chen W, Wu D, Lai C, Zhang Y. Risk stratification of abdominal tumors in children with amide proton transfer imaging. Eur Radiol 2022; 32:2158-2167. [PMID: 35031842 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08376-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the potential of molecular amide proton transfer (APT) MRI for predicting the risk group of abdominal tumors in children, and compare it with quantitative T1 and T2 mapping. METHODS This prospective study enrolled 133 untreated pediatric patients with suspected abdominal tumors from February 2019 to September 2020. APT-weighted (APTw) imaging and quantitative relaxation time mapping sequences were executed for each subject. The region of interest (ROI) was generated with automatic artifact detection and ROI-shrinking algorithms, within which the APTw, T1, and T2 indices were calculated and compared between different risk groups. The prediction performance of different imaging parameters was assessed with the receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analysis and Student's t-test. RESULTS Fifty-seven patients were included in the final analysis, including 24 neuroblastomas (NB), 18 Wilms' tumors (WT), and 15 hepatoblastomas (HB). The APTw signal was significantly (p < .001) higher in patients with high-risk NB than those with low-risk NB, while the difference between patients with low-risk and high-risk WT (p = .69) or HB (p = .35) was not statistically significant. The associated areas under the curve (AUC) for APT to differentiate low-risk and high-risk NB, WT, and HB were 0.93, 0.58, and 0.71, respectively. The quantitative T1 and T2 values generated AUCs of 0.61-0.70 for the risk stratification of abdominal tumors. CONCLUSIONS APT MRI is a potential imaging biomarker for stratifying the risk group of pediatric neuroblastoma in the abdomen preoperatively and provides added value to structural MRI. KEY POINTS • Amide proton transfer (APT) imaging showed significantly (p < .001) higher values in pediatric patients with high-risk neuroblastoma than those with low-risk neuroblastoma, but did not demonstrate a significant difference in patients with Wilms' tumor (p = .69) or hepatoblastoma (p = .35). • The associated areas under the curve (AUC) for APT to differentiate low-risk and high-risk neuroblastoma, Wilms' tumor, and hepatoblastoma were 0.93, 0.58, and 0.71, respectively. • The quantitative T1 and T2 indices generated AUCs of 0.61-0.70 for dichotomizing the risk group of abdominal tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Jia
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wenqi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jiawei Liang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Can Lai
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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21
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Wen Q, Wang K, Hsu YC, Xu Y, Sun Y, Wu D, Zhang Y. Chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging for epilepsy secondary to tuberous sclerosis complex at 3 T: Optimization and analysis. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2021; 34:e4563. [PMID: 34046976 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.4563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The homeostasis of various metabolites is impaired in epilepsy secondary to the tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC). Chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging is an emerging molecular MRI technique that can detect various metabolites and proteins in vivo. However, the role of CEST imaging for TSC-associated epilepsy has not been assessed. Here, we aim to investigate the feasibility of applying CEST imaging to TSC-associated epilepsy, optimize the CEST acquisition parameters, and provide an analysis method for exploring the dominant molecular contributors to the CEST signal measured. Nine TSC epilepsy patients were scanned on a 3-T MRI system. The CEST saturation frequencies were swept from -6 to 6 ppm with 12 different combinations of saturation power (4, 3, 2 and 1 μT) and duration (1000, 700 and 400 ms). Furthermore, a two-stage simulation method based on the seven-pool Bloch-McConnell model was proposed to assess the contribution of each exchangeable pool to the CEST signal in normal-appearing white matter and cortical tubers, which avoided the complexity and uncertainty of full Bloch-McConnell fitting. The results showed that under the optimal saturation duration of 1000 ms, the greatest contrast between tubers and normal tissues occurred around 3, 2.5, 1.75 and 3.5 ppm for B1 of 4, 3, 2 and 1 μT, respectively. At the optimal frequency offsets, the CEST values of tubers were significantly higher than those in the normal brain tissues (P < 0.01). Furthermore, the two-stage analysis suggested that the amine pool played a dominant role in yielding the contrast between cortical tubers and normal tissues. These results indicate that CEST MRI may serve as a potentially useful tool for identifying tubers in TSC, and the two-stage analysis method may provide a route for investigating the molecular contributions to the CEST contrast in biological tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Wen
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kang Wang
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Hsu
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Yan Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Sun
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
- Department of Neurology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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22
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Foo LS, Harston G, Mehndiratta A, Yap WS, Hum YC, Lai KW, Mohamed Mukari SA, Mohd Zaki F, Tee YK. Clinical translation of amide proton transfer (APT) MRI for ischemic stroke: a systematic review (2003-2020). Quant Imaging Med Surg 2021; 11:3797-3811. [PMID: 34341751 DOI: 10.21037/qims-20-1339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Amide proton transfer (APT) magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a pH-sensitive imaging technique that can potentially complement existing clinical imaging protocol for the assessment of ischemic stroke. This review aims to summarize the developments in the clinical research of APT imaging of ischemic stroke after 17 years of progress since its first preclinical study in 2003. Three electronic databases: PubMed, Scopus, and Cochrane Library were systematically searched for articles reporting clinical studies on APT imaging of ischemic stroke. Only articles in English published between 2003 to 2020 that involved patients presenting ischemic stroke-like symptoms that underwent APT MRI were included. Of 1,093 articles screened, 14 articles met the inclusion criteria with a total of 282 patients that had been scanned using APT imaging. Generally, the clinical studies agreed APT effect to be hypointense in ischemic tissue compared to healthy tissue, allowing for the detection of ischemic stroke. Other uses of APT imaging have also been investigated in the studies, including penumbra identification, predicting long term clinical outcome, and serving as a biomarker for supportive treatment monitoring. The published results demonstrated the potential of APT imaging in these applications, but further investigations and larger trials are needed for conclusive evidence. Future studies are recommended to report the result of asymmetry analysis at 3.5 ppm along with the findings of the study to reduce this contribution to the heterogeneity of experimental methods observed and to facilitate effective comparison of results between studies and centers. In addition, it is important to focus on the development of fast 3D imaging for full volumetric ischemic tissue assessment for clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Sze Foo
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | | | - Amit Mehndiratta
- Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Delhi, New Delhi, India.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
| | - Wun-She Yap
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Yan Chai Hum
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
| | - Khin Wee Lai
- Faculty of Engineering, Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Faizah Mohd Zaki
- Department of Radiology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Center (UKMMC), Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yee Kai Tee
- Lee Kong Chian Faculty of Engineering and Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Kajang, Malaysia
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23
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Zhang H, Yong X, Ma X, Zhao J, Shen Z, Chen X, Tian F, Chen W, Wu D, Zhang Y. Differentiation of low- and high-grade pediatric gliomas with amide proton transfer imaging: added value beyond quantitative relaxation times. Eur Radiol 2021; 31:9110-9119. [PMID: 34047848 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-021-08039-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate whether amide proton transfer (APT) MRI can be used to characterize gliomas in pediatric patients and whether it provides added value beyond relaxation times. METHODS In this prospective study, APT imaging and relaxation time mapping were performed in 203 pediatric patients suspected of gliomas from February 2018 to December 2019. The region of interest (ROI) in the tumor was automatically generated with artifact detection and ROI-shrinking algorithms. Several APT-related metrics (CESTR, CESTRnr, MTRRex, AREX, and APT#) and quantitative T1 and T2 were compared between low-grade and high-grade gliomas using the student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U-test. The performance of these parameters was assessed using the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis. A stepwise multivariate logistic regression model was used to combine the imaging parameters. RESULTS Forty-eight patients (mean age: 6 ± 4 years; 23 males and 25 females) were included in the final analysis. All the APT-related metrics except APT# had significantly (p < 0.05) higher values in the high-grade group than the low-grade group. Under different ROI-shrinking cutoffs, the quantitative T1 (p = 0.045-0.200) and T2 (p = 0.037-0.171) values of high-grade gliomas were typically lower than those of low-grade ones. The stepwise multivariate logistic regression revealed that CESTRnr and APT# were combined significant predictors of glioma grades (p < 0.05), with an area under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.86 substantially larger than those of T1 (AUC = 0.69) and T2 (AUC = 0.68). CONCLUSIONS APT imaging can be used to differentiate high-grade and low-grade gliomas in pediatric patients and provide added value beyond quantitative relaxation times. KEY POINTS • Amide proton transfer (APT) MRI showed significantly (p < 0.05) higher values in pediatric patients with high-grade gliomas than those with low-grade ones. • The area under the curve was 0.86 for APT MRI to differentiate low-grade and high-grade gliomas in pediatric patients, which was substantially higher than that for quantitative T1 (0.69) and T2 (0.68). • APT MRI demonstrated added value beyond quantitative T1 and T2 mapping in characterizing pediatric gliomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingwang Yong
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaohui Ma
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jianjiang Zhao
- Kangqiao Street Community Health Service Center, Gongshu District, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Zhipeng Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xinchun Chen
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Fengyu Tian
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China. .,Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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24
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Sui R, Chen L, Li Y, Huang J, Chan KWY, Xu X, van Zijl PCM, Xu J. Whole-brain amide CEST imaging at 3T with a steady-state radial MRI acquisition. Magn Reson Med 2021; 86:893-906. [PMID: 33772859 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a steady-state saturation with radial readout chemical exchange saturation transfer (starCEST) for acquiring CEST images at 3 Tesla (T). The polynomial Lorentzian line-shape fitting approach was further developed for extracting amideCEST intensities at this field. METHOD StarCEST MRI using periodically rotated overlapping parallel lines with enhanced reconstruction-based spatial sampling was implemented to acquire Z-spectra that are robust to brain motion. Multi-linear singular value decomposition postprocessing was applied to enhance the CEST SNR. The egg white phantom studies were performed at 3T to reveal the contributions to the 3.5 ppm CEST signal. Based on the phantom validation, the amideCEST peak was quantified using the polynomial Lorentzian line-shape fitting, which exploits the inverse relationship between Z-spectral intensity and the longitudinal relaxation rate in the rotating frame. The 3D turbo spin echo CEST was also performed to compare with the starCEST method. RESULTS The amideCEST peak showed a negligible peak B1 dependence between 1.2 µT and 2.4 µT. The amideCEST images acquired with starCEST showed much improved image quality, SNR, and motion robustness compared to the conventional 3D turbo spin echo CEST method with the same scan time. The amideCEST contrast extracted by the polynomial Lorentzian line-shape fitting method trended toward a stronger gray matter signal (1.32% ± 0.30%) than white matter (0.92% ± 0.08%; P = .02, n = 5). When calculating the magnetization transfer contrast and T1 -corrected rotating frame relaxation rate maps, amideCEST again was not significantly different for white matter and gray matter. CONCLUSION Rapid multi-slice amideCEST mapping can be achieved by the starCEST method (< 5 min) at 3T by combing with the polynomial Lorentzian line-shape fitting method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Sui
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Lin Chen
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuguo Li
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jianpan Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kannie W Y Chan
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Xu
- Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,BioMedical Engineering and Imaging Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Peter C M van Zijl
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jiadi Xu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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25
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Wang Y, van Gelderen P, de Zwart JA, Campbell-Washburn AE, Duyn JH. FMRI based on transition-band balanced SSFP in comparison with EPI on a high-performance 0.55 T scanner. Magn Reson Med 2021; 85:3196-3210. [PMID: 33480108 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Low-field (<1 tesla) MRI scanners allow more widespread diagnostic use for a range of cardiac, musculoskeletal, and neurological applications. However, the feasibility of performing robust fMRI at low field has yet to be fully demonstrated. To address this gap, we investigated task-based fMRI using a highly sensitive transition-band balanced steady-state free precession approach and standard EPI on a 0.55 tesla scanner equipped with modern high-performance gradient coils and a receive array. METHODS TR and flip-angle of transition-band steady-state free precession were optimized for 0.55 tesla by simulations. Static shimming was employed to compensate for concomitant field effects. Visual task-based fMRI data were acquired from 8 healthy volunteers. For comparison, standard EPI data were also acquired with TE = T 2 ∗ . Retrospective image-based correction for physiological effects (RETROICOR) was used to quantify physiological noise effects. RESULTS Activation was robustly detected using both methods in a 4-min scan time. Transition-band steady-state free precession was found to be sensitive to interference from subtle spatial and temporal (field drift, respiration) variations in the magnetic field, counteracting potential advantages of the reduced magnetic susceptibility effects compared to its utilization at high field. These adverse effects could be partially remedied with static shimming and postprocessing approaches. Standard EPI proved more robust against the sources of interference. CONCLUSION BOLD contrast is sufficiently large at 0.55 tesla for robust detection of brain activation and may be employed to broaden the spectrum of applications of low-field MRI. Standard EPI outperforms transition-band steady-state free precession in terms of signal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yicun Wang
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Peter van Gelderen
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacco A de Zwart
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Adrienne E Campbell-Washburn
- Cardiovascular Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jeff H Duyn
- Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Chen L, Cao S, Koehler RC, van Zijl PCM, Xu J. High-sensitivity CEST mapping using a spatiotemporal correlation-enhanced method. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:3342-3350. [PMID: 32597519 PMCID: PMC7722217 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To obtain high-sensitivity CEST maps by exploiting the spatiotemporal correlation between CEST images. METHODS A postprocessing method accomplished by multilinear singular value decomposition (MLSVD) was used to enhance the CEST SNR by exploiting the correlation between the Z-spectrum for each voxel and the low-rank property of the overall CEST data. The performance of this method was evaluated using CrCEST in ischemic mouse brain at 11.7 tesla. Then, MLSVD CEST was applied to obtain Cr, amide, and amine CEST maps of the ischemic mouse brain to demonstrate its general applications. RESULTS Complex-valued Gaussian noise was added to CEST k-space data to mimic a low SNR situation. MLSVD CEST analysis was able to suppress the noise, recover the degraded CEST peak, and provide better CrCEST quality compared to the smoothing and singular value decomposition (SVD)-based denoising methods. High-resolution Cr, amide, and amine CEST maps of an ischemic stroke using MLSVD CEST suggest that CrCEST is also a sensitive pH mapping method, and a wide range of pH changes can be detected by combing CrCEST with amine CEST at high magnetic fields. CONCLUSION MLSVD CEST provides a simple and efficient way to improve the SNR of CEST images.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Chen
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA,Corresponding Author: Lin Chen, Ph.D., Kennedy Krieger Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 707 N. Broadway, Baltimore, MD, 21205,
| | - Suyi Cao
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Raymond C. Koehler
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Peter C. M. van Zijl
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jiadi Xu
- F.M. Kirby Research Center for Functional Brain Imaging, Kennedy Krieger Research Institute, Baltimore, MD, USA,Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Shrestha Kakkar L, Usman M, Arridge S, Kirkham A, Atkinson D. Characterization of B 0-field fluctuations in prostate MRI. Phys Med Biol 2020; 65:21NT01. [PMID: 32992306 PMCID: PMC8528180 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6560/abbc7f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Multi-parametric MRI is increasingly used for prostate cancer detection. Improving information from current sequences, such as T2-weighted and diffusion-weighted (DW) imaging, and additional sequences, such as magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) and chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST), may enhance the performance of multi-parametric MRI. The majority of these techniques are sensitive to B0-field variations and may result in image distortions including signal pile-up and stretching (echo planar imaging (EPI) based DW-MRI) or unwanted shifts in the frequency spectrum (CEST and MRS). Our aim is to temporally and spatially characterize B0-field changes in the prostate. Ten male patients are imaged using dual-echo gradient echo sequences with varying repetitions on a 3 T scanner to evaluate the temporal B0-field changes within the prostate. A phantom is also imaged to consider no physiological motion. The spatial B0-field variations in the prostate are reported as B0-field values (Hz), their spatial gradients (Hz/mm) and the resultant distortions in EPI based DW-MRI images (b-value = 0 s/mm2 and two oppositely phase encoded directions). Over a period of minutes, temporal changes in B0-field values were ≤19 Hz for minimal bowel motion and ≥30 Hz for large motion. Spatially across the prostate, the B0-field values had an interquartile range of ≤18 Hz (minimal motion) and ≤44 Hz (large motion). The B0-field gradients were between -2 and 5 Hz/mm (minimal motion) and 2 and 12 Hz/mm (large motion). Overall, B0-field variations can affect DW, MRS and CEST imaging of the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Muhammad Usman
- Centre for Medical Imaging Computing, University College London, High Holborn, London, UK
| | - Simon Arridge
- Centre for Medical Imaging Computing, University College London, High Holborn, London, UK
| | - Alex Kirkham
- Radiology Department, University College Hospital, Euston Road, London, UK
| | - David Atkinson
- Centre for Medical Imaging, University College London, Foley Street, London, UK
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Liu R, Zhang H, Qian Y, Hsu YC, Fu C, Sun Y, Wu D, Zhang Y. Frequency-stabilized chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging with real-time free-induction-decay readout. Magn Reson Med 2020; 85:1322-1334. [PMID: 32970882 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To correct the temporal B0 drift in chemical exchange saturation transfer (CEST) imaging in real-time with extra free-induction-decay (FID) readout. THEORY AND METHODS The frequency stabilization module of the recently proposed frequency-stabilized CEST (FS-CEST) sequence was further simplified by replacing the original three k-space lines of gradient-echo (GRE) readout with a single k-space line of FID readout. The B0 drift was quantified using the phase difference between the odd and even parts of the FID signal in the frequency stabilization module and then used to update the B0 frequency in the succeeding modules. The proposed FS-CEST sequence with FID readout (FID FS-CEST) was validated in phantoms and 16 human subjects on cross-vendor scanners. RESULTS In the Siemens experiments, the FID FS-CEST sequence successfully corrected the user-induced B0 drift, generating consistent amide proton transfer-weighted (APTw) images and magnetization transfer ratio asymmetry (MTRasym ) spectra with those from the non-frequency-stabilized CEST (NFS-CEST) sequence without B0 drift. In the Philips experiments, the FID FS-CEST sequence produced more stable APTw images and MTRasym spectra than the NFS-CEST sequence in the presence of practical B0 drift. Quantitatively, the SD of the APTw signal values in the deep gray matter from 15 subjects was 0.26% for the FID FS-CEST sequence compared to 1.03% for the NFS-CEST sequences, with the fluctuations reduced by nearly three-quarters. CONCLUSIONS The proposed FS-CEST sequence with FID readout can effectively correct the temporal B0 drift on cross-vendor scanners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruibin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Hongxi Zhang
- Department of Radiology, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Qian
- Department of Radiology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Hsu
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Caixia Fu
- Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd., Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Sun
- MR Collaboration, Siemens Healthcare Ltd., Shanghai, China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Zhang Y, Yong X, Liu R, Tang J, Jiang H, Fu C, Wei R, Hsu Y, Sun Y, Luo B, Wu D. Whole‐brain chemical exchange saturation transfer imaging with optimized turbo spin echo readout. Magn Reson Med 2020; 84:1161-1172. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.28184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 01/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Xingwang Yong
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Ruibin Liu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Jibin Tang
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Hongjie Jiang
- Department of Neurosurgery The Second Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Caixia Fu
- Siemens Shenzhen Magnetic Resonance Ltd. Shenzhen China
| | - Ruili Wei
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Yi‐Cheng Hsu
- MR Collaboration Siemens Healthcare Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Yi Sun
- MR Collaboration Siemens Healthcare Ltd. Shanghai China
| | - Benyan Luo
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
| | - Dan Wu
- Key Laboratory for Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education Department of Biomedical Engineering College of Biomedical Engineering & Instrument Science Zhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
- Department of Neurology The First Affiliated HospitalZhejiang University Hangzhou Zhejiang China
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30
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Goerke S, Soehngen Y, Deshmane A, Zaiss M, Breitling J, Boyd PS, Herz K, Zimmermann F, Klika KD, Schlemmer H, Paech D, Ladd ME, Bachert P. Relaxation‐compensated APT and rNOE CEST‐MRI of human brain tumors at 3 T. Magn Reson Med 2019; 82:622-632. [DOI: 10.1002/mrm.27751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Steffen Goerke
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
| | - Yannick Soehngen
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Anagha Deshmane
- Department of High‐Field Magnetic Resonance Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
| | - Moritz Zaiss
- Department of High‐Field Magnetic Resonance Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
| | - Johannes Breitling
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Max‐Planck‐Institute for Nuclear Physics Heidelberg Germany
| | - Philip S. Boyd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Kai Herz
- Department of High‐Field Magnetic Resonance Max‐Planck‐Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen Germany
| | - Ferdinand Zimmermann
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Karel D. Klika
- Molecular Structure Analysis German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
| | - Heinz‐Peter Schlemmer
- Department of Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Daniel Paech
- Department of Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
| | - Mark E. Ladd
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Medicine University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
| | - Peter Bachert
- Division of Medical Physics in Radiology German Cancer Research Center Heidelberg Germany
- Faculty of Physics and Astronomy University of Heidelberg Heidelberg Germany
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