1
|
Wang Y, Dang Z, Wang X, Chen Y, Dong P, Liu G, Tan W, Gui Z, Bu F, Lin F, Liang C. Obacunone alleviates chronic pelvic pain and pro-inflammatory depolarization of macrophage induced by experimental autoimmune prostatitis in mice. Biochem Biophys Rep 2023; 36:101565. [PMID: 37965064 PMCID: PMC10641089 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2023.101565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CPPS) is a common complication of prostatitis, which was associated with the pathological depolarization of macrophage and the neuroinflammation. However, its underlying reason is far from clear and few effective treatments is applicable. In this study, we tested the effect of obacunone (Oba), a highly oxygenated triterpenoid, on CPPS. The experimental autoimmune prostatitis (EAP) was induced by subcutaneous injection of heterologous prostate homogenate in mice. We found that EAP led to prostatodynia, neuronal activation of spinal dorsal horn, and the pro-inflammatory depolarization of macrophage within prostate, which was significantly alleviated by oral administration of Oba in a dose-dependent manner. Mechanistically, EAP-induced production of IL-6 on prostatic macrophage was suppressed by Oba. Moreover, co-administration of Oba and MIF inhibitor ISO-1 did not lead to additive effect when compared with either alone. In summary, we conclude that Oba prevents the production of macrophage-derived pro-inflammatory factors by inhibiting MIF, which eventually alleviates CPPS after prostatitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yadong Wang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Zhaohui Dang
- Department of Neurology & Psychology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Neurology & Psychology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Yuanyuan Chen
- Department of Neurology & Psychology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Peng Dong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Gang Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Weibin Tan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Zhong Gui
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Fan Bu
- Department of Neurology & Psychology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Feng Lin
- Department of Urology, The Fourth Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518033, China
| | - Chaozhao Liang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, 230022, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Peskar D, Kerec Kos M, Cerkvenik U, Nemec Svete A, Erman A. Sex-Dependent Differences in Blood-Urine Barrier Are Subtle but Significant in Healthy and Chronically Inflamed Mouse Bladders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16296. [PMID: 38003485 PMCID: PMC10670955 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242216296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The urothelium is a vital permeability barrier that prevents the uncontrolled flow of urinary components into and out of the bladder interstitium. Our study addressed the question of possible sex-specific variations in the urothelium of healthy mice and their impact on chronic bladder inflammation. We found that healthy female bladders have a less robust barrier function than male bladders, as indicated by significant differences in transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER) values. These differences could be attributed to detected higher claudin 2 mRNA expression and a less pronounced glycocalyx in females than in males. In addition, TEER measurements showed delayed barrier recovery in chronically inflamed female bladders. We found subtle differences in the expressions of genes involved in the regulation of the actin cytoskeleton between the sexes, as well as pronounced urothelial hyperplasia in females compensating for attenuated barrier function. The identified genetic variations in glycosylation pathways may also contribute to this divergence. Our findings add to the growing body of literature on the intricate sex-specific nuances of urothelial permeability function and their implications for chronic bladder inflammation. Understanding these differences could lead to tailored diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in the treatment of bladder disorders in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Peskar
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.P.); (U.C.)
| | - Mojca Kerec Kos
- Department of Biopharmaceutics and Pharmacokinetics, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Uroš Cerkvenik
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.P.); (U.C.)
| | - Alenka Nemec Svete
- Small Animal Clinic, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Andreja Erman
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.P.); (U.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tay C, Grundy L. Animal models of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1232017. [PMID: 37731545 PMCID: PMC10507411 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1232017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic disorder characterized by pelvic and/or bladder pain, along with lower urinary tract symptoms that have a significant impact on an individual's quality of life. The diverse range of symptoms and underlying causes in IC/BPS patients pose a significant challenge for effective disease management and the development of new and effective treatments. To facilitate the development of innovative therapies for IC/BPS, numerous preclinical animal models have been developed, each focusing on distinct pathophysiological components such as localized urothelial permeability or inflammation, psychological stress, autoimmunity, and central sensitization. However, since the precise etiopathophysiology of IC/BPS remains undefined, these animal models have primarily aimed to replicate the key clinical symptoms of bladder hypersensitivity and pain to enhance the translatability of potential therapeutics. Several animal models have now been characterized to mimic the major symptoms of IC/BPS, and significant progress has been made in refining these models to induce chronic symptomatology that more closely resembles the IC/BPS phenotype. Nevertheless, it's important to note that no single model can fully replicate all aspects of the human disease. When selecting an appropriate model for preclinical therapeutic evaluation, consideration must be given to the specific pathology believed to underlie the development of IC/BPS symptoms in a particular patient group, as well as the type and severity of the model, its duration, and the proposed intervention's mechanism of action. Therefore, it is likely that different models will continue to be necessary for preclinical drug development, depending on the unique etiology of IC/BPS being investigated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cindy Tay
- Neurourology Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Luke Grundy
- Neurourology Research Group, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders Health and Medical Research Institute, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Liu L, Zhao Y, An W, Zhao M, Ding N, Liu H, Ge N, Wen J, Zhang X, Zu S, Sun W. Piezo2 Channel Upregulation is Involved in Mechanical Allodynia in CYP-Induced Cystitis Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2023; 60:5000-5012. [PMID: 37227654 PMCID: PMC10415424 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-023-03386-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Accepted: 05/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Mechanical sensing Piezo2 channel in primary sensory neurons has been shown contribute to mechanical allodynia in somatic chronic pain conditions. Interstitial cystitis (IC)-associated pain is often triggered by bladder filling, a presentation that mimics the mechanical allodynia. In the present study, we aimed to examine the involvement of sensory Piezo2 channel in IC-associated mechanical allodynia using a commonly employed cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced IC model rat. Piezo2 channels in dorsal root ganglia (DRGs) was knocked down by intrathecal injections of Piezo2 anti-sense oligodeoxynucleotides (ODNs) in CYP-induced cystitis rats, and mechanical stimulation-evoked referred bladder pain was measured in the lower abdomen overlying the bladder using von Frey filaments. Piezo2 expression at the mRNA, protein, and functional levels in DRG neurons innervating the bladder was detected by RNA-fluorescence in situ hybridization, western blotting, immunofluorescence, and Ca2+ imaging, respectively. We found that Piezo2 channels were expressed on most (> 90%) of the bladder primary afferents, including afferents that express CGRP, TRPV1 and stained with isolectin B4. CYP-induced cystitis was associated with Piezo2 upregulation in bladder afferent neurons at the mRNA, protein, and functional levels. Knockdown of Piezo2 expression in DRG neurons significantly suppressed mechanical stimulation-evoked referred bladder pain as well as bladder hyperactivity in CYP rats compared to CYP rats treated with mismatched ODNs. Our results suggest upregulation of Piezo2 channels is involved in the development of bladder mechanical allodynia and bladder hyperactivity in CYP-induced cystitis. Targeting Piezo2 might be an attractive therapeutic approach for IC-related bladder pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lei Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250032, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Wenhan An
- Department of Rehabilitation, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, P. R. China
| | - Mengmeng Zhao
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250032, P. R. China
| | - Ning Ding
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250032, P. R. China
| | - Hanwen Liu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250032, P. R. China
| | - Nan Ge
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250032, P. R. China
| | - Jiliang Wen
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250032, P. R. China
| | - Xiulin Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250032, P. R. China
| | - Shulu Zu
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250032, P. R. China
| | - Wendong Sun
- Department of Urology, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, 250032, P. R. China.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Peskar D, Kuret T, Lakota K, Erman A. Molecular Profiling of Inflammatory Processes in a Mouse Model of IC/BPS: From the Complete Transcriptome to Major Sex-Related Histological Features of the Urinary Bladder. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065758. [PMID: 36982831 PMCID: PMC10058956 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Animal models are invaluable in the research of the pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS), a chronic aseptic urinary bladder disease of unknown etiology that primarily affects women. Here, a mouse model of IC/BPS was induced with multiple low-dose cyclophosphamide (CYP) applications and thoroughly characterized by RNA sequencing, qPCR, Western blot, and immunolabeling to elucidate key inflammatory processes and sex-dependent differences in the bladder inflammatory response. CYP treatment resulted in the upregulation of inflammatory transcripts such as Ccl8, Eda2r, and Vegfd, which are predominantly involved in innate immunity pathways, recapitulating the crucial findings in the bladder transcriptome of IC/BPS patients. The JAK/STAT signaling pathway was analyzed in detail, and the JAK3/STAT3 interaction was found to be most activated in cells of the bladder urothelium and lamina propria. Sex-based data analysis revealed that cell proliferation was more pronounced in male bladders, while innate immunity and tissue remodeling processes were the most distinctive responses of female bladders to CYP treatment. These processes were also reflected in prominent histological changes in the bladder. The study provides an invaluable reference dataset for preclinical research on IC/BPS and an insight into the sex-specific mechanisms involved in the development of IC/BPS pathology, which may explain the more frequent occurrence of this disease in women.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Peskar
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tadeja Kuret
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Katja Lakota
- Department of Rheumatology, University Medical Center Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Andreja Erman
- Institute of Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Allen HN, Chaudhry S, Hong VM, Lewter LA, Sinha GP, Carrasquillo Y, Taylor BK, Kolber BJ. A Parabrachial-to-Amygdala Circuit That Determines Hemispheric Lateralization of Somatosensory Processing. Biol Psychiatry 2023; 93:370-381. [PMID: 36473754 PMCID: PMC9852076 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2022.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The central amygdala (CeA) is a bilateral hub of pain and emotional processing with well-established functional lateralization. We reported that optogenetic manipulation of neural activity in the left and right CeA has opposing effects on bladder pain. METHODS To determine the influence of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) signaling from the parabrachial nucleus on this diametrically opposed lateralization, we administered CGRP and evaluated the activity of CeA neurons in acute brain slices as well as the behavioral signs of bladder pain in the mouse. RESULTS We found that CGRP increased firing in both the right and left CeA neurons. Furthermore, we found that CGRP administration in the right CeA increased behavioral signs of bladder pain and decreased bladder pain-like behavior when administered in the left CeA. CONCLUSIONS These studies reveal a parabrachial-to-amygdala circuit driven by opposing actions of CGRP that determines hemispheric lateralization of visceral pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Heather N Allen
- Department of Biological Sciences, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas; Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Sarah Chaudhry
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Veronica M Hong
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Lakeisha A Lewter
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas
| | - Ghanshyam P Sinha
- Department of Neurobiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Yarimar Carrasquillo
- National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Bradley K Taylor
- Pittsburgh Center for Pain Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Anesthesiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Benedict J Kolber
- Department of Neuroscience and Center for Advanced Pain Studies, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, Texas.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Berigan BR, Wang J, Schulz DJ, Ozden I. Imaging neuro-urodynamics of mouse major pelvic ganglion with a micro-endoscopic approach. J Neurophysiol 2023; 129:479-493. [PMID: 36651910 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00450.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Postganglionic neurons of the autonomic nervous system lie outside of the central nervous system and innervate specific target effectors such as organs or glands. The major pelvic ganglion (MPG) is one such ganglion that plays a significant role in controlling bladder function in rodents. However, because of technical and physical constraints in recording electrophysiological signals from these neurons in vivo, the functional neural activity in MPG is mostly unknown. Transgenic animal models expressing genetically encoded calcium indicators now provide opportunities to monitor the activity of populations of neurons in vivo to overcome these challenges related to traditional electrophysiological methods. However, like many peripheral neurons, the MPG is not conducive to conventional fluorescent microscopy techniques, as it is located in the pelvic cavity, thus limiting robust optical access by benchtop microscopes. Here, we present an endoscopic approach based on a custom miniscope system (UCLA V3) that allows for effective in vivo monitoring of neural activity in the MPG for the first time. We show that our imaging approach can monitor activity of hundreds of MPG neurons simultaneously during the filling and emptying of the bladder in a urethane-anesthetized transgenic mouse line expressing GCaMP6s in cholinergic MPG neurons. By using custom analysis scripts, we isolated the activity of hundreds of individual neurons and show that populations of neurons have distinct phasic activation patterns during sequential bladder filling and voiding events. Our imaging approach can be adapted to record activity from autonomic neurons across different organs and systems in both healthy and disease models.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The functional activity and information processing within autonomic ganglia is mostly unknown because of technical and physical constraints in recording electrophysiological signals from these neurons in vivo. Here, we use a micro-endoscopic approach to measure in vivo functional activity patterns from a population of autonomic neurons controlling bladder function for the first time. This approach can be adapted to record activity from autonomic neurons across different organs and systems in both healthy and disease models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Benton R Berigan
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States.,Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Jing Wang
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - David J Schulz
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| | - Ilker Ozden
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, United States
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Hsiang HW, Girard BM, Vizzard MA. Changes in nerve growth factor signaling in female mice with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. FRONTIERS IN UROLOGY 2023; 2:1089220. [PMID: 37701183 PMCID: PMC10493645 DOI: 10.3389/fruro.2022.1089220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
IC/BPS is a chronic inflammatory pelvic pain syndrome characterized by lower urinary tract symptoms including unpleasant sensation (pain, pressure, or discomfort) in the suprapubic or bladder area, as well as increased urinary frequency and urgency, and decreased bladder capacity. While its etiology remains unknown, increasing evidence suggests a role for changes in nerve growth factor (NGF) signaling. However, NGF signaling is complex and highly context dependent. NGF activates two receptors, TrkA and p75NTR, which activate distinct but overlapping signaling cascades. Dependent on their coexpression, p75NTR facilitates TrkA actions. Here, we show effects of CYP treatment and pharmacological inhibition of p75NTR (via LM11A-31) and TrkA (ARRY-954) on NGF signaling-related proteins: NGF, TrkA, phosphorylated (p)-TrkA, p75NTR, p-ERK1/2, and p-JNK. Cystitis conditions were associated with increased urothelial NGF expression and decreased TrkA and p75NTR expression as well as altering their co-expression ratio; phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and JNK were also altered. Both TrkA and p75NTR inhibition affected the activation of signaling pathways downstream of TrkA, supporting the hypothesis that NGF actions during cystitis are primarily TrkA-mediated. Our findings, in tandem with our recent companion paper demonstrating the effects of TrkA, TrkB, and p75NTR inhibition on bladder function in a mouse model of cystitis, highlight a variety of potent therapeutic targets and provide further insight into the involvement of NGF signaling in sustained conditions of bladder inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harrison W. Hsiang
- The Larner College of Medicine at The University of Vermont, Department of Neurological Sciences, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Beatrice M. Girard
- The Larner College of Medicine at The University of Vermont, Department of Neurological Sciences, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Margaret A. Vizzard
- The Larner College of Medicine at The University of Vermont, Department of Neurological Sciences, Burlington, VT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Hsiang HW, Girard BM, Ratkovits L, Campbell SE, Vizzard MA. Effects of pharmacological neurotrophin receptor inhibition on bladder function in female mice with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis. FRONTIERS IN UROLOGY 2022; 2:1037511. [PMID: 37701182 PMCID: PMC10494527 DOI: 10.3389/fruro.2022.1037511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is a chronic inflammatory pelvic pain syndrome of unknown etiology characterized by a number of lower urinary tract symptoms, including increased urinary urgency and frequency, bladder discomfort, decreased bladder capacity, and pelvic pain. While its etiology remains unknown, a large body of evidence suggests a role for changes in neurotrophin signaling, particularly that of nerve growth factor (NGF) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Here, we evaluated the effects of pharmacological inhibition of the NGF receptor TrkA, BDNF receptor TrkB, and pan-neurotrophin receptor p75NTR on bladder function in acute (4-hour) and chronic (8-day) mouse models of cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. TrkA inhibition via ARRY-954 significantly increased intermicturition interval and bladder capacity in control and acute and chronic CYP-treatment conditions. TrkB inhibition via ANA-12 significantly increased intermicturition interval and bladder capacity in acute, but not chronic, CYP-treatment conditions. Interestingly, intermicturition interval and bladder capacity significantly increased following p75NTR inhibition via LM11A-31 in the acute CYP-treatment condition, but decreased in the chronic condition, potentially due to compensatory changes in neurotrophin signaling or increased urothelial barrier dysfunction in the chronic condition. Our findings demonstrate that these receptors represent additional potent therapeutic targets in mice with cystitis and may be useful in the treatment of interstitial cystitis and other inflammatory disorders of the bladder.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harrison W. Hsiang
- The Larner College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Beatrice M. Girard
- The Larner College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Lexi Ratkovits
- The Larner College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Susan E. Campbell
- The Larner College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| | - Margaret A. Vizzard
- The Larner College of Medicine, Department of Neurological Sciences, The University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, United States
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
The Uroprotective Efficacy of Total Ginsenosides in Chinese Ginseng on Chemotherapy with Cyclophosphamide. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/app12157828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Hemorrhagic cystitis is a recognizable complication of cyclophosphamide (CYP) attributable to its lively metabolite acrolein, which produces urothelial injury. The study intended to examine the uroprotective efficacy of total ginsenosides in Chinese ginseng (TGCG) in CYP-induced hemorrhagic cystitis. In total, 24 virgin female rats were randomized into four groups as follows: group 1 (control group; injected with normal saline), group 2 (injected with CYP plus a placebo with normal saline), group 3 (given CYP and TGCG (200 mg/kg)), and group 4 (given CYP and 2-mercaptoethane sulfonate sodium (Mesna, 30 mg/kg)). An evaluation by cystometry was conducted. Values of the voiding interval were assessed in anesthetized rats and histological examinations of the bladders were measured. In the cystometry analysis, the voiding interval was significantly reduced in the CYP group. TGCG and Mesna significantly increased in the voiding interval values, individually. Bladder edema and urothelial injury were examined after contact with CYP. Contrasted to the group given CYP, CYP-induced hemorrhagic cystitis, TGCG significantly increased the urothelial thickness, and significantly reduced scores of mucosal break and submucosal edema in the bladder. In conclusion, these findings mean that the treatment with TGCG in CYP rats can avoid hemorrhagic cystitis. TGCG decreases urothelial injury. TGCG may participate as the chief character of uroprotection in CYP-induced hemorrhagic cystitis.
Collapse
|
11
|
Kono J, Ueda M, Sengiku A, Suadicani SO, Woo JT, Kobayashi T, Ogawa O, Negoro H. Flavonoid Nobiletin Attenuates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis in Mice through Mechanisms That Involve Inhibition of IL-1β Induced Connexin 43 Upregulation and Gap Junction Communication in Urothelial Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:5037. [PMID: 35563427 PMCID: PMC9102543 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder inflammatory diseases cause various urinary symptoms, such as urinary frequency and painful urination, that impair quality of life. In this study, we used a mouse model of cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced bladder inflammation and immortalized human urothelial (TRT-HU1) cells to explore the preventive potential of nobiletin (NOB), a polymethoxylated flavone enriched in citrus fruit peel, and investigate its mechanism of action in the bladder. Prophylaxis with PMF90 (60% NOB) attenuated the development of bladder inflammation and urinary symptoms in CYP-treated mice. PMF90 also reduced the upregulation of connexin 43 (Cx43), a major component of gap junction channels, in the bladder mucosa of CYP-treated mice. Stimulation of TRT-HU1 cells with the pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β increased Cx43 mRNA and protein expression and enhanced gap junction coupling-responses that were prevented by pre-treatment with NOB. In urothelium-specific Cx43 knockout (uCx43KO) mice, macroscopic signs of bladder inflammation and changes in voiding behavior induced by CYP treatment were significantly attenuated when compared to controls. These findings indicate the participation of urothelial Cx43 in the development of bladder inflammation and urinary symptoms in CYP-treated mice and provide pre-clinical evidence for the preventive potential of NOB through its anti-inflammatory effects on IL-1β signaling and urothelial Cx43 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jin Kono
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (J.K.); (M.U.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (O.O.)
| | - Masakatsu Ueda
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (J.K.); (M.U.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (O.O.)
- Department of Urology, Shizuoka General Hospital, Shizuoka 420-8527, Japan
| | - Atsushi Sengiku
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (J.K.); (M.U.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (O.O.)
- Sengiku Urology Clinic, Shiga 524-0045, Japan
| | - Sylvia O. Suadicani
- Department of Urology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA;
| | - Je Tae Woo
- Department of Biological Chemistry, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan;
| | - Takashi Kobayashi
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (J.K.); (M.U.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (O.O.)
| | - Osamu Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (J.K.); (M.U.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (O.O.)
| | - Hiromitsu Negoro
- Department of Urology, Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; (J.K.); (M.U.); (A.S.); (T.K.); (O.O.)
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8575, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Peskar D, Kuret T, Jeruc J, Erman A. Lectins as Biomarkers of IC/BPS Disease: A Comparative Study of Glycosylation Patterns in Human Pathologic Urothelium and IC/BPS Experimental Models. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12051078. [PMID: 35626233 PMCID: PMC9140099 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12051078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Pathophysiology of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) remains poorly understood, as well as its effective diagnosis and therapy. Studying changes in tissue glycosylation patterns under pathological conditions is a promising way of discovering novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. The glycobiology of IC/BPS is largely understudied, therefore we compared glycosylation patterns of normal human urothelium with the urothelium of IC/BPS patients using a selection of 10 plant-based lectins with different monosaccharide preferences. We also compared lectin binding to human urothelium with the two most cited experimental models of IC/BPS, specifically, TNFα-treated human urothelial cell line RT4 and cyclophosphamide-induced chronic cystitis in C57BL6/J mice. Furthermore, binding of four of the selected lectins (ConA, DSL, Jacalin and WGA) was evaluated qualitatively by means of fluorescence microscopy, and quantitatively by fluorescence intensity (F.I.) measurements. Our results reveal a significant reduction in F.I. of Jacalin, as well as a prominent change in the WGA labeling pattern in the urothelium of IC/BPS patients, suggesting their potential use as promising additional biomarkers for histopathological diagnosis of IC/BPS. We have also shown that urothelial glycosylation patterns between selected experimental models and patients with IC/BPS are similar enough to offer an adequate platform for preclinical study of IC/BPS glycobiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dominika Peskar
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Tadeja Kuret
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.P.); (T.K.)
| | - Jera Jeruc
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Pathology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Andreja Erman
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Cell Biology, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (D.P.); (T.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +386-1-543-7684
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Lee H, Koh BH, Peri LE, Woodward HJ, Perrino BA, Sanders KM, Koh SD. Role of detrusor PDGFRα + cells in mouse model of cyclophosphamide-induced detrusor overactivity. Sci Rep 2022; 12:5071. [PMID: 35332235 PMCID: PMC8948241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-09155-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis is a rodent model that shares many features common to the cystitis occurring in patients, including detrusor overactivity (DO). Platelet-derived growth factor receptor alpha positive (PDGFRα+) cells have been proposed to regulate muscle excitability in murine bladders during filling. PDGFRα+ cells express small conductance Ca2+-activated K+ channels (predominantly SK3) that provide stabilization of membrane potential during filling. We hypothesized that down-regulation of the regulatory functions of PDGFRα+ cells and/or loss of PDGFRα+ cells generates the DO in CYP-treated mice. After CYP treatment, transcripts of Pdgfrα and Kcnn3 and PDGFRα and SK3 protein were reduced in detrusor muscle extracts. The distribution of PDGFRα+ cells was also reduced. Inflammatory markers were increased in CYP-treated detrusor muscles. An SK channel agonist, CyPPA, increased outward current and hyperpolarization in PDGFRα+ cells. This response was significantly depressed in PDGFRα+ cells from CYP-treated bladders. Contractile experiments and ex vivo cystometry showed increased spontaneous contractions and transient contractions, respectively in CYP-treated bladders with a reduction of apamin sensitivity, that could be attributable to the reduction in the SK conductance expressed by PDGFRα+ cells. In summary, PDGFRα+ cells were reduced and the SK3 conductance was downregulated in CYP-treated bladders. These changes are consistent with the development of DO after CYP treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haeyeong Lee
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA.
| | - Byoung H Koh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Lauren E Peri
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Holly J Woodward
- The Roslin Institute, The University of Edinburgh, Easter Bush Campus, Midlothian, EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Brian A Perrino
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Kenton M Sanders
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| | - Sang Don Koh
- Department of Physiology and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, University of Nevada, Reno, NV, 89557, USA
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Gao Y, Rodríguez LV. The Effect of Chronic Psychological Stress on Lower Urinary Tract Function: An Animal Model Perspective. Front Physiol 2022; 13:818993. [PMID: 35388285 PMCID: PMC8978557 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.818993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic psychological stress can affect urinary function and exacerbate lower urinary tract (LUT) dysfunction (LUTD), particularly in patients with overactive bladder (OAB) or interstitial cystitis–bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS). An increasing amount of evidence has highlighted the close relationship between chronic stress and LUTD, while the exact mechanisms underlying it remain unknown. The application of stress-related animal models has provided powerful tools to explore the effect of chronic stress on LUT function. We systematically reviewed recent findings and identified stress-related animal models. Among them, the most widely used was water avoidance stress (WAS), followed by social stress, early life stress (ELS), repeated variable stress (RVS), chronic variable stress (CVS), intermittent restraint stress (IRS), and others. Different types of chronic stress condition the induction of relatively distinguished changes at multiple levels of the micturition pathway. The voiding phenotypes, underlying mechanisms, and possible treatments of stress-induced LUTD were discussed together. The advantages and disadvantages of each stress-related animal model were also summarized to determine the better choice. Through the present review, we hope to expand the current knowledge of the pathophysiological basis of stress-induced LUTD and inspire robust therapies with better outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunliang Gao
- Department of Urology, The Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Larissa V. Rodríguez
- Department of Urology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Larissa V. Rodríguez,
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shen JD, Chen SJ, Chen HY, Chiu KY, Chen YH, Chen WC. Review of Animal Models to Study Urinary Bladder Function. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10121316. [PMID: 34943231 PMCID: PMC8698391 DOI: 10.3390/biology10121316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary The treatment of urinary bladder dysfunction requires the knowledge of bladder function, which involves physiology, pathology, and even psychology. Several animal models are available to study a variety of bladder disorders. These models include animals from rodents, such as mice and rats, to nonhuman primates, such as rabbits, felines, canines, pigs, and mini pigs. This review adapted animal models to study bladder function according to facility, priority, and disease. Abstract The urinary bladder (UB) serves as a storage and elimination organ for urine. UB dysfunction can cause multiple symptoms of failure to store urine or empty the bladder, e.g., incontinence, frequent urination, and urinary retention. Treatment of these symptoms requires knowledge on bladder function, which involves physiology, pathology, and even psychology. There is no ideal animal model for the study of UB function to understand and treat associated disorders, as the complexity in humans differs from that of other species. However, several animal models are available to study a variety of other bladder disorders. Such models include animals from rodents to nonhuman primates, such as mice, rats, rabbits, felines, canines, pigs, and mini pigs. For incontinence, vaginal distention might mimic birth trauma and can be measured based on leak point pressure. Using peripheral and central models, inflammation, bladder outlet obstruction, and genetic models facilitated the study of overactive bladder. However, the larger the animal model, the more difficult the study is, due to the associated animal ethics issues, laboratory facility, and budget. This review aims at facilitating adapted animal models to study bladder function according to facility, priority, and disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Dung Shen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Armed Forces General Hospital, Taichung 41168, Taiwan;
- National Defense Medical Center, Taipei 11490, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
| | - Szu-Ju Chen
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (K.-Y.C.)
| | - Huey-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical Research, Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Yuan Chiu
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Taichung Veterans General Hospital, Taichung 40705, Taiwan; (S.-J.C.); (K.-Y.C.)
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical Research, Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.C.); (W.-C.C.)
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan;
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Department of Medical Research, Department of Urology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-H.C.); (W.-C.C.)
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Montalbetti N, Carattino MD. Acid-sensing ion channels modulate bladder nociception. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2021; 321:F587-F599. [PMID: 34514879 PMCID: PMC8813206 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00302.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensitization of neuronal pathways and persistent afferent drive are major contributors to somatic and visceral pain. However, the underlying mechanisms that govern whether afferent signaling will give rise to sensitization and pain are not fully understood. In the present report, we investigated the contribution of acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) to bladder nociception in a model of chemical cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide (CYP). We found that the administration of CYP to mice lacking ASIC3, a subunit primarily expressed in sensory neurons, generates pelvic allodynia at a time point at which only modest changes in pelvic sensitivity are apparent in wild-type mice. The differences in mechanical pelvic sensitivity between wild-type and Asic3 knockout mice treated with CYP were ascribed to sensitized bladder C nociceptors. Deletion of Asic3 from bladder sensory neurons abolished their ability to discharge action potentials in response to extracellular acidification. Collectively, the results of our study support the notion that protons and their cognate ASIC receptors are part of a mechanism that operates at the nerve terminals to control nociceptor excitability and sensitization.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Our study indicates that protons and their cognate acid-sensing ion channel receptors are part of a mechanism that operates at bladder afferent terminals to control their function and that the loss of this regulatory mechanism results in hyperactivation of nociceptive pathways and the development of pain in the setting of chemical-induced cystitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Montalbetti
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marcelo D Carattino
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Liu X, Yang Y, Gao Y, Zhang H, Zhu J, Dong X, Xu J. Estrogen inhibits bladder overactivity in rats with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis via downregulating the expression of P2X3 receptors in bladder epithelium cells. Neurourol Urodyn 2021; 41:174-187. [PMID: 34622458 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
AIMS The therapeutic effect of estrogen on interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is unclear. We aim to explore the effect of estrogen on bladder overactivity in rats with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis and its underlying mechanism. METHODS In vivo cystometry was used to determine the effect of estrogen on bladder excitability. The effect of estrogen on the expression of P2X3 receptors in bladder epithelium was detected by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot. Effect of P2X3 receptors in bladder urothelium on stretch-released adenosine triphosphate was performed by a Flexcell FX5000 Compression system and an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Kit. RESULTS Estrogen deprivation significantly increased the urinary frequency, while supplementation with diarylpropionitrile (DPN), an estrogen receptor β (ERβ) agonist, alleviated the urinary frequency. 17β-Estradiol and DPN decreased the expression of P2X3 receptors in urothelium cells which was partially inhibited by ERβ antagonist 4-[2-phenyl-5,7-bis(trifluoromethyl)pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidin-3-yl]phenol. Meanwhile, inhibiting the expression of P2X3 receptors by ERβ agonist or antagonizing the function of P2X3 receptors by selective P2X3 receptor antagonist AF-353 or A-317491 significantly reduced the stretch-released ATP from urothelium cells. CONCLUSIONS Estrogen has a direct effect on the regulation of bladder overactivity in rats with cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis by downregulating the expression of bladder epithelial P2X3 receptors through ERβ and reducing the adenosine triphosphate released from urothelium during bladder filling, thereby inhibiting the generation of the micturition reflex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Liu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, Shapingba, P.R. China
| | - Yang Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, Shapingba, P.R. China
| | - Ye Gao
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, Shapingba, P.R. China
| | - Hengshuai Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, Shapingba, P.R. China
| | - Jingzhen Zhu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, Shapingba, P.R. China
| | - Xingyou Dong
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, Shapingba, P.R. China
| | - Jie Xu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing, Shapingba, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Taidi Z, Zhou T, Moore KH, Mansfield KJ, Liu L. P2X7 Receptor Blockade Protects Against Acrolein-Induced Bladder Damage: A Potential New Therapeutic Approach for the Treatment of Bladder Inflammatory Diseases. Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:682520. [PMID: 34456718 PMCID: PMC8397461 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.682520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory conditions of the urinary bladder have been shown to be associated with urothelial damage and loss of function. The purinergic P2X7 receptor has been implicated in several inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to investigate the role of the P2X7 receptor in acrolein-induced inflammatory damage using the porcine urinary bladder. For this purpose, an ex-vivo model of porcine urothelial damage induced by direct instillation of acrolein into the whole bladder lumen was used. To determine the role of the P2X7 receptor, the bladders were pre-incubated with a selective P2X7 receptor antagonist, A804598 (10 μM), for 1 h. The effects of the acrolein-induced urothelial damage on the bladder’s function were assessed by examining the bladder wall contractile response, structure changes, apoptosis, and oxidative stress in the bladder tissues. The acrolein treatment led to significant damage to the urothelium histology, tight junction expression, and contractile responses. Acrolein also induced apoptosis in the mucosa layer. All these acrolein-induced responses were attenuated by pre-treatment with the P2X7 receptor antagonist A804598. Acrolein also significantly induced DNA oxidation in the submucosal layer; however, the P2X7 receptor antagonism did not show any protective effect towards the acrolein-induced oxidative stress. These findings suggested that the P2X7 receptor is involved in the acrolein-induced damage to the urothelium; therefore, the P2X7 receptor antagonists may be a new therapeutic option for the treatment of bladder inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhinoos Taidi
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Tommy Zhou
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kate H Moore
- St George Hospital, UNSW Sydney, Kogarah, NSW, Australia
| | - Kylie J Mansfield
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - Lu Liu
- School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Chen YH, Chen WC, Liu PL, Chen HY. Astragalus polysaccharides and astragaloside IV ameliorates cyclophosphamide-induced mouse model of overactive bladder. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2020; 59:248-255. [PMID: 32127146 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2020.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have shown that Astragalus polysaccharides (APS) and Astragaloside IV (AS-IV) protect against inflammation-related cell damage and exhibit immune enhancement. Since urothelial injury may result in an overactive bladder (OAB), the aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of APS and AS-IV on urothelial injury in an experimental animal model. MATERIALS AND METHODS The effects of APS and AS-IV on the proliferation and migration of primary human urothelial cells (HUCs) or primary human fibroblast cells (HFCs) were assessed using an in vitro wounding model and colorimetric thiazolyl blue assays. Sixty virgin female mice were randomized into five groups: group 1-saline-injected plus treatment with H2O, group 2-cyclophosphamide (CYP) plus treatment with H2O, group 3-CYP plus treatment with solifenacin succinate (SS; 10 mg/kg), group 4-CYP plus treatment with AS-IV (100 mg/kg), and group 5-CYP plus treatment with APS (100 mg/kg). Cystometry assessment was conducted and cell junction-associated protein zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2) expression was measured. Voiding interval values (time between voids) were assessed in mice under anesthesia. Lastly, immunohistochemistry analysis was used to confirm the location and level, respectively, of ZO-2 expression. RESULTS APS and AS-IV did not influence the cell viability but increased migration in HFCs compared with the controls. The OAB mice showed significantly lower voiding interval values. Voiding interval values were significantly higher in the CYP plus treatment with APS (100 mg/kg) and AS-IV (100 mg/kg) groups than in the CYP-induced OAB group. Additionally, the expression of ZO-2, a tight junction protein, was increased in the CYP plus treatment APS (100 mg/kg) and AS-IV (100 mg/kg) groups compared with the CYP-induced OAB group. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that APS and AS-IV modulate urothelial wound healing, which ameliorates urinary frequency of mice treated with CYP. APS or AS-IV may have the potential benefit of acting as urothelial wound healing modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Departments of Medical Research, Urology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, 41354, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Departments of Medical Research, Urology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan
| | - Po-Len Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, 80708, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan; Departments of Medical Research, Urology, and Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, 40402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Lin Z, Hu H, Liu B, Chen Y, Tao Y, Zhou X, Li M. Biomaterial-assisted drug delivery for interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome treatment. J Mater Chem B 2020; 9:23-34. [PMID: 33179709 DOI: 10.1039/d0tb02094j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic and painful bladder condition afflicting patients with increased urinary urgency and frequency as well as incontinence. Owing to the elusive pathogenesis of IC/BPS, obtaining effective therapeutic outcomes remains challenging. Current administrational routes such as intravesical-bladder injection improve the treatment efficacy and reduce systemic side effects. However, the bladder permeability barrier hinders drug penetration into the bladder wall to meet the desired therapeutic expectation. These issues can be addressed by encapsulating drugs into biomaterials. When appropriately exploited, they would increase the drug dwelling time in the bladder, enhance the penetration of mucosa and improve the therapeutic response of IC/BPS. In this review, we first elucidate the pathogenesis and animal models of IC/BPS. Then, we highlight recent representative biomaterial-assisted drug delivery systems for IC/BPS treatment. Finally, we discuss the challenges and outlook for further developing biomaterial-based delivery systems for IC/BPS management.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Lin
- Laboratory of Biomaterials and Translational Medicine, Department of Urology, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510630, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Dalghi MG, Montalbetti N, Carattino MD, Apodaca G. The Urothelium: Life in a Liquid Environment. Physiol Rev 2020; 100:1621-1705. [PMID: 32191559 PMCID: PMC7717127 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00041.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The urothelium, which lines the renal pelvis, ureters, urinary bladder, and proximal urethra, forms a high-resistance but adaptable barrier that surveils its mechanochemical environment and communicates changes to underlying tissues including afferent nerve fibers and the smooth muscle. The goal of this review is to summarize new insights into urothelial biology and function that have occurred in the past decade. After familiarizing the reader with key aspects of urothelial histology, we describe new insights into urothelial development and regeneration. This is followed by an extended discussion of urothelial barrier function, including information about the roles of the glycocalyx, ion and water transport, tight junctions, and the cellular and tissue shape changes and other adaptations that accompany expansion and contraction of the lower urinary tract. We also explore evidence that the urothelium can alter the water and solute composition of urine during normal physiology and in response to overdistension. We complete the review by providing an overview of our current knowledge about the urothelial environment, discussing the sensor and transducer functions of the urothelium, exploring the role of circadian rhythms in urothelial gene expression, and describing novel research tools that are likely to further advance our understanding of urothelial biology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marianela G Dalghi
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Nicolas Montalbetti
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Marcelo D Carattino
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Gerard Apodaca
- Department of Medicine, Renal-Electrolyte Division, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Augé C, Gamé X, Vergnolle N, Lluel P, Chabot S. Characterization and Validation of a Chronic Model of Cyclophosphamide-Induced Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome in Rats. Front Pharmacol 2020; 11:1305. [PMID: 32982733 PMCID: PMC7485435 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.01305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Interstitial cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by visceral pain and voiding symptoms. IC/BPS is still an unsolved enigma with ineffective diagnosis criteria and treatment. A main limitation in IC/BPS understanding is the lack of appropriate preclinical model. Cyclophosphamide (CYP) is commonly used as an experimental model for IC/BPS in rodent. However, the proposed models are very aggressive, contrasting with what occurs in clinic, and often associated with severe toxicity and high mortality rate. In addition, visceral pain, the hallmark symptom of IC/BPS, has been validated in only few of them. In this study, we developed a chronic model of CYP-induced IC/BPS in female rat. In our protocol, no severe weight loss occurred and the survival rate was 100%. In accordance to human pathology, chronic CYP-injected rats developed severe painful behavior whereas only sparse inflammation was observed. Inflammatory response was characterized by bladder edema and focal urothelial damage but absence of massive infiltrate. This chronic model showed persistent symptoms indicative for a central sensitization mechanism. We further demonstrate that CYP-induced chronic visceral pain was significantly reduced by curative treatment with clinically relevant compounds (gabapentin, ibuprofen, and Ialuril®). We therefore developed and validated a rat model of chronic cystitis that shares strong similarity with human non-ulcerative IC/BPS features without overtly affecting the animal health. This model will thus provide mechanistic insights of the disease and help to evaluate therapeutic agents for IC/BPS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Céline Augé
- Department of Pain and Inflammation, Urosphere, Toulouse, France
| | - Xavier Gamé
- Urology Department, Rangueil University Hospital, Toulouse, France.,INSERM, I2MC-U1048, CHU Rangueil, Toulouse, France
| | | | - Philippe Lluel
- Department of Pain and Inflammation, Urosphere, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Chabot
- Department of Pain and Inflammation, Urosphere, Toulouse, France
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Chen YH, Man KM, Chen WC, Liu PL, Tsai KS, Tsai MY, Wu YT, Chen HY. Platelet-Rich Plasma Ameliorates Cyclophosphamide-Induced Acute Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome in a Rat Model. Diagnostics (Basel) 2020; 10:diagnostics10060381. [PMID: 32521683 PMCID: PMC7344907 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics10060381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS) could be treated to ameliorate urothelial injury. Here, we investigated the efficacy of intravesical instillation with platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and hyaluronic acid for acute IC/PBS. Methods: The effects of PRP and hyaluronic acid on the proliferation of normal human fibroblast cells (HFCs) were assessed. Additionally, thirty virgin female rats were randomized into five groups: group 1, saline-injected control; group 2, cyclophosphamide (CYP) plus intravesical instillation with normal saline; group 3, CYP plus intravesical instillation with hyaluronic acid (1 mg/mL); group 4, CYP plus intravesical instillation with PRP; and group 5, CYP plus intravesical instillation with PRP plus hyaluronic acid. A cystometry and histological assessments were performed. The expression of cell junction-associated protein zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2) and inflammatory cytokine interleukin 6 (IL-6) was also measured. Results: Low dose PRP increased proliferation in HFCs. The acute IC/PBS rats showed significantly lower voiding interval values. Voiding interval values were significantly higher in the CYP plus intravesical instillation with PRP group than in the CYP-induced acute IC/PBS group. Additionally, the expression of ZO-2 was increased and IL-6 was decreased in the CYP plus intravesical instillation with PRP group compared with the CYP-induced acute IC/PBS group. Conclusion: These findings suggest that PRP modulate urothelial repair, which ameliorate the increase in urination frequency in rats treated with CYP. Overall, PRP may confer potential benefits by acting as urothelial repair modulators.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-C.C.)
- Departments of Medical Research, Urology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Kee-Ming Man
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan;
- Department of Anesthesiology, China Medical University Hsinchu Hospital, Hsinchu 30272, Taiwan
- Department of Medicinal Botanicals and Health Applications, Da Yeh University, Changhua 51591, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-C.C.)
- Departments of Medical Research, Urology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
| | - Po-Len Liu
- Department of Respiratory Therapy, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan;
| | - Kao-Sung Tsai
- Department of Applied Cosmetology, Hungkuang University, Taichung 43302, Taiwan;
| | - Ming-Yen Tsai
- Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital and Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan;
| | - Yu-Tzu Wu
- Department of Neurology, Kuang Tien General Hospital, Taichung 43303, Taiwan;
| | - Huey-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; (Y.-H.C.); (W.-C.C.)
- Departments of Medical Research, Urology and Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40447, Taiwan
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Efficacy of Frankincense and Myrrha in Treatment of Acute Interstitial Cystitis/Painful Bladder Syndrome. Chin J Integr Med 2020; 26:519-526. [PMID: 32279153 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-020-3216-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the efficacy of frankincense and myrrha in the treatment of acute interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS). METHODS The effects of frankincense and myrrha on the proliferation and migration of primary human urothelial cells (HUCs) were assessed in vitro. In the animal study, 48 virgin female rats were randomized into 4 groups (12 in each group): (1) control group (saline-injected control); (2) cyclophosphamide (CYP) group (intraperitoneal injected 150 mg/kg CYP); (3) CYP + pentosan polysulfate sodium group (orally received 50 mg/kg pentosan polysulfate sodium); and (4) CYP + frankincense and myrrha group [orally received frankincense (200 mg/kg) and myrrha (200 mg/kg)]. Rats orally received pentosan polysulfate sodium or frankincense and myrrha on day 1, 2, and 3. The experiments were performed on day 4. Pain and cystometry assessment behavior test were performed. Voiding interval values were assessed in rats under anesthesia. Finally, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to confirm the location and level, respectively, of cell junction-associated protein zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2) expression. RESULTS Low dose frankincense and myrrha increased cell proliferation and migration in HUCs compared with control (P<0.05). Rats with acute IC/PBS rats exhibited lower voiding interval values, pain tolerance, and ZO-2 expression (P<0.05). Voiding interval values and pain tolerance were higher in the frankincense and myrrha group than CYP group (P<0.05). ZO-2 expression in the bladder was increased in the CYP + pentosan polysulfate and frankincense + myrrha groups compared with the CYP-induced acute IC/PBS group (P<0.05). CONCLUSION frankincense and myrrha modulate urothelial wound healing, which ameliorates typical features of acute IC/PBS in rats.
Collapse
|
25
|
Infiltration of Lymphocytes and Mast Cells to Bladder Tissues in Experimental Models of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome. Nephrourol Mon 2020. [DOI: 10.5812/numonthly.100205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
26
|
He YL, Chen Y, Wen YB, Zhai RQ, Ma Y, Wang JJ, Pu QS, Sihoe JD, Franco I, Wen JG. Changes in bladder function with time following cystostomy in rats. Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 39:565-575. [PMID: 31782979 DOI: 10.1002/nau.24241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin He
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yi Bo Wen
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Rong Qun Zhai
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Yuan Ma
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Jian Jian Wang
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Qing Song Pu
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Jennifer D. Sihoe
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Israel Franco
- Department of Urology Yale University New Haven Connecticut
| | - Jian Guo Wen
- Department of Urology, Pediatric Urodynamic Centre, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Henan Joint International Pediatric Urodynamic Laboratory The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Holmes GM, Hubscher CH, Krassioukov A, Jakeman LB, Kleitman N. Recommendations for evaluation of bladder and bowel function in pre-clinical spinal cord injury research. J Spinal Cord Med 2019; 43:165-176. [PMID: 31556844 PMCID: PMC7054945 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2019.1661697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: In order to encourage the inclusion of bladder and bowel outcome measures in preclinical spinal cord injury (SCI) research, this paper identifies and categorizes 1) fundamental, 2) recommended, 3) supplemental and 4) exploratory sets of outcome measures for pre-clinical assessment of bladder and bowel function with broad applicability to animal models of SCI.Methods: Drawing upon the collective research experience of autonomic physiologists and informed in consultation with clinical experts, a critical assessment of currently available bladder and bowel outcome measures (histological, biochemical, in vivo functional, ex vivo physiological and electrophysiological tests) was made to identify the strengths, deficiencies and ease of inclusion for future studies of experimental SCI.Results: Based upon pre-established criteria generated by the Neurogenic Bladder and Bowel Working Group that included history of use in experimental settings, citations in the literature by multiple independent groups, ease of general use, reproducibility and sensitivity to change, three fundamental measures each for bladder and bowel assessments were identified. Briefly defined, these assessments centered upon tissue morphology, voiding efficiency/volume and smooth muscle-mediated pressure studies. Additional assessment measures were categorized as recommended, supplemental or exploratory based upon the balance between technical requirements and potential mechanistic insights to be gained by the study.Conclusion: Several fundamental assessments share reasonable levels of technical and material investment, including some that could assess bladder and bowel function non-invasively and simultaneously. Such measures used more inclusively across SCI studies would advance progress in this high priority area. When complemented with a few additional investigator-selected study-relevant supplemental measures, they are highly recommended for research programs investigating the efficacy of therapeutic interventions in preclinical animal models of SCI that have a bladder and/or bowel focus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gregory M. Holmes
- Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA,Correspondence to: Gregory M. Holmes, Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, 500 University Dr., Hershey, PA 17036, USA. ;
| | - Charles H. Hubscher
- Department of Anatomical Sciences and Neurobiology, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA,Kentucky Spinal Cord Injury Research Center, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Andrei Krassioukov
- ICORD, University of British Columbia, GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Lyn B. Jakeman
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
C-Phycocyanin Alleviates Bladder Inflammation and Dysfunction in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Cystitis in a Mouse Model by Inhibiting COX-2 and EP4. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 2019:8424872. [PMID: 31467580 PMCID: PMC6699264 DOI: 10.1155/2019/8424872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Objective To explore the effect of C-phycocyanin (C-PC) on voiding behavior and histological changes in cyclophosphamide- (CYP-) induced cystitis in mice. Methods Sixty female mice were included. The mice in the C-PC group received C-PC (25 mg/kg, twice, i.p.) and then CYP (200 mg/kg, i.p.) two hours later, while the mice in the CYP group only received the equivalent CYP. Saline was injected in the mice in the control group. A voided stain on paper (VSOP) test was conducted to analyze the micturition. The bladders were harvested for histological evaluation and measurements of inflammatory factors. Results C-PC reduced the micturition frequency in the mice with CYP-induced cystitis. The bladder/body weight ratio and edema were remarkably higher in the CYP group compared to the C-PC group. C-PC suppressed the expressions of COX-2, PGE2, and EP4 (prostaglandin E receptor 4) according to the ELISA assay. Immunohistochemical staining also indicated that C-PC reduced the expressions of COX-2 in urothelium and EP4 in smooth muscles. Conclusions C-PC relieved symptoms associated with CYP-induced cystitis in mice by inhibiting bladder inflammation through COX-2 and EP4 expression.
Collapse
|
29
|
Wróbel A, Serefko A, Bańczerowska‐Górska M, Szopa A, Dudka J, Poleszak E. Intravesical administration of blebbistatin prevents cyclophosphamide‐induced toxicity of the urinary bladder in female Wistar rats. Neurourol Urodyn 2019; 38:1044-1052. [DOI: 10.1002/nau.23973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2019] [Revised: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Wróbel
- Second Department of GynaecologyMedical University of LublinLublin Poland
| | - Anna Serefko
- Chair and Department of Applied PharmacyMedical University of LublinLublin Poland
| | | | - Aleksandra Szopa
- Chair and Department of Applied PharmacyMedical University of LublinLublin Poland
| | - Jarosław Dudka
- Chair and Department of ToxicologyMedical University of LublinLublin Poland
| | - Ewa Poleszak
- Chair and Department of Applied PharmacyMedical University of LublinLublin Poland
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Boudieu L, Mountadem S, Lashermes A, Meleine M, Ulmann L, Rassendren F, Aissouni Y, Sion B, Carvalho FA, Ardid D. Blocking α 2δ-1 Subunit Reduces Bladder Hypersensitivity and Inflammation in a Cystitis Mouse Model by Decreasing NF-kB Pathway Activation. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:133. [PMID: 30863309 PMCID: PMC6399165 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Bladder pain is frequently associated with bladder inflammation, as in conditions like interstitial cystitis (IC), for which current analgesic therapies have limited efficacy. The antinociceptive effect of alpha-2-delta (α2δ) ligands on inflammation-associated visceral pain like that experienced in cystitis has been poorly investigated. To investigate the effect of pregabalin (PGB), an α2δ ligand, we evaluated its impact on mechanical hyperalgesia in a mouse model of cystitis induced by cyclophosphamide (CYP). We further studied its effect on inflammation and NF-kB pathway activation. Acute cystitis was induced by intraperitoneal injection of 150 mg kg-1 of CYP in C57Bl/6J male mice. PGB was subcutaneously injected (30 mg kg-1) 3 h after CYP injection. The effect of PGB on CYP-induced mechanical referred hyperalgesia (abdominal Von Frey test), inflammation (organ weight, cytokine production, α2δ subunit level, NF-kB pathway activation) were assessed 1 h after its injection. In parallel, its effect on cytokine production, α2δ subunit level and NF-kB pathway activation was assessed in vitro on peritoneal exudate cells (PECs) stimulated with LPS. PGB treatment decreased mechanical referred hyperalgesia. Interestingly, it had an anti-inflammatory effect in the cystitis model by reducing pro-inflammatory cytokine production. PGB also inhibited NF-kB pathway activation in the cystitis model and in macrophages stimulated with LPS, in which it blocked the increase in intracellular calcium. This study shows the efficacy of PGB in hypersensitivity and inflammation associated with cystitis. It is therefore of great interest in assessing the benefit of α2δ ligands in patients suffering from cystitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ludivine Boudieu
- NEURO-DOL, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,U1107, Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Sarah Mountadem
- NEURO-DOL, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,U1107, Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Amandine Lashermes
- NEURO-DOL, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,U1107, Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Mathieu Meleine
- NEURO-DOL, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,U1107, Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Lauriane Ulmann
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Labex ICST, Montpellier, France
| | - François Rassendren
- IGF, CNRS, INSERM, Univ Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Labex ICST, Montpellier, France
| | - Youssef Aissouni
- NEURO-DOL, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,U1107, Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Benoit Sion
- NEURO-DOL, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,U1107, Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Frédéric Antonio Carvalho
- NEURO-DOL, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,U1107, Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Denis Ardid
- NEURO-DOL, Université Clermont Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France.,U1107, Inserm, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Yeh JC, Do R, Choi H, Lin CT, Chen JJ, Zi X, Chang HH, Ghoniem G. Investigations of urethral sphincter activity in mice with bladder hyperalgesia before and after drug administration of gabapentin. Int Urol Nephrol 2018; 51:53-59. [PMID: 30387068 DOI: 10.1007/s11255-018-2021-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study investigated the effect of gabapentin on lower urinary tract dysfunction focusing on urethral activities and cystitis-induced hyperalgesia in a mouse model of painful bladder syndrome/interstitial cystitis (PBS/IC). The electromyography (EMG) of external urethral sphincter (EUS) was difficult to obtain, but contained useful information to examine the drug effect in mice. METHODS Female C57BL/6J mice were intraperitoneally (ip) administration with either saline or 200 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide (CYP) 48 h before experimental evaluation. Cystitis mice were treated with administration of gabapentin (25 or 50 mg/kg, ip). Cystometry and EUS EMG were obtained and analyzed during continuous bladder infusion. The visceral pain-related visceromotor reflex (VMR) was recorded in response to isotonic bladder distension. RESULTS Cystitis mice showed shorter inter-contraction intervals and increased occurrence of non-voiding contractions during bladder infusion, with increased VMR during isotonic bladder distension, indicating cystitis-induced bladder hyperalgesia. Gabapentin (50 mg/kg) suppressed effects of CYP on cystometry, but not on EUS EMG activity, during bladder infusion. The effect on urodynamic recordings lasted 4 h. VMR was significantly reduced by gabapentin. CONCLUSIONS The present study showed that CYP-induced cystitis in mice is a model of visceral hyperalgesia affecting detrusor contractions, not urethral activations. The technique of using EUS EMG to evaluate the drug effects on urethral activities is novel and useful for future investigations. Gabapentin can be as a potential treatment for detrusor overactivity and PBS/IC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jih-Chao Yeh
- Urology at University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rebecca Do
- Urology at University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Hanul Choi
- Urology at University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Ching-Ting Lin
- Biomedical Engineering at National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Jia-Jin Chen
- Biomedical Engineering at National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
| | - Xiaolin Zi
- Urology at University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Huiyi H Chang
- Urology at University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Urology and Reeve-Irvine Research Center, University of California at Irvine, 837 Health Science Rd, GNRF 2111, Zotcode 4265, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - Gamal Ghoniem
- Urology at University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA. .,Urology, University of California, Irvine, 333 City Blvd. West, Ste 2100, Orange, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Sellers DJ, McDermott C, Chess-Williams R. A central role for Toll-like 4 receptors in interstitial cystitis? Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F910-F912. [PMID: 29949393 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00290.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Donna J Sellers
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine McDermott
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Russ Chess-Williams
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Chen YH, Chen CJ, Wang SJ, Lin YN, Chen WC, Tsai MY, Chen HY. Downregulation of tight junction protein zonula occludens-2 and urothelium damage in a cyclophosphamide-induced mouse model of cystitis. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2018; 57:399-406. [PMID: 29880173 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2018.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced model of cystitis in mice closely fits the symptoms of chronic bladder inflammation. Cystitis was recently found to be due to an altered gap junction protein in a rat model. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate changes in protein expression and composition in the bladder of CYP-treated mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Administration of CYP induced cystitis-related symptoms in mice. Cystometry was assessed and cell junction-associated protein zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2) expression was measured. Voiding interval values (time between voids) were assessed in mice under anesthesia. The bladders were removed for proteomic analysis using label-free quantitative proteomics and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Additionally, immunochemistry (IHC) and Western blot were used to confirm the location and level, respectively, of ZO-2 expression. RESULTS Compared to the control group, the voiding interval values and urothelial thickness in the bladder in the CYP-treated group were significantly decreased. Additionally, we identified 105 differentially expressed proteins in the bladder of CYP-treated mice with proteomic analysis. These proteins were involved in cell-cell tight junctions, exocytosis, muscle development, contraction, and regulation, immune responses, proteolysis, and cell adhesion. IHC and Western blot confirmed the downregulation of the tight junction protein ZO-2 in the urothelium of bladder. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that downregulation in tight junction protein ZO-2 and urothelium damage may have a role in cystitis-related OAB. These changes could be related to the molecular mechanism of cystitis-related OAB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Chinese Medicine Research Center, Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 41354, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jing Wang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Ning Lin
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Urology, Chinese Medicine Research Center, Research Center for Chinese Medicine and Acupuncture, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Yen Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Chinese Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung 83301, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan; Proteomics Core Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 40402, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
West EG, Lang R, Sellers D, Chess-Williams R, McDermott C. Ibuprofen Decreases Spontaneous Activity and Enhances Nerve-Evoked Contractions to Minimize Mitomycin C-Induced Bladder Dysfunction. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 366:282-290. [PMID: 29784662 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.118.248989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation may play a causal role in urological side effects reported following intravesical mitomycin C (MMC). Our aim was to investigate the effects of the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug ibuprofen (IBU) on the cytotoxic potency of MMC and the potential for IBU to protect against bladder dysfunction. Malignant (RT4, T24) and normal (UROtsa) urothelial lines were treated with MMC followed by ibuprofen, with cell viability and caspase-3 activity assessed. Female C57BL/6JArc mice (Saline/Control, MMC, Saline + IBU, and MMC + IBU) received intravesical treatment (1 hour) with saline or MMC (2 mg/ml), with IBU (1 mg/ml) delivered in drinking water (for 7 days). Voiding pattern analysis was conducted prior to and following (1, 3, 7 days) treatment. A whole-bladder preparation was used to assess compliance, contractile responses, and urothelial-mediator release. Ibuprofen selectively increased the cytotoxic potency of MMC and caspase-3 activity in both malignant cells lines but not in UROtsa. MMC significantly increased voiding frequency at 24 hours and 3 days, whereas administration of ibuprofen significantly reduced this effect. MMC significantly increased the frequency of spontaneous contractions from 2.3 ± 0.5 contractions/min in saline controls to 4.8 ± 0.16 contractions/min, with ibuprofen protecting against this change. Interestingly, although nerve-evoked responses were not altered by MMC, they were increased in both IBU groups. Ibuprofen improved voiding dysfunction following MMC treatment by reducing spontaneous phasic activity and enhancing nerve-mediated contractions. Ibuprofen use in bladder cancer patients may help to minimize the urological adverse effects associated with intravesical MMC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eliza G West
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ryan Lang
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Donna Sellers
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Russ Chess-Williams
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| | - Catherine McDermott
- Centre for Urology Research, Faculty of Health Sciences and Medicine, Bond University, Robina, Queensland, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
de Oliveira MG, Mónica FZ, Calmasini FB, Alexandre EC, Tavares EBG, Soares AG, Costa SKP, Antunes E. Deletion or pharmacological blockade of TLR4 confers protection against cyclophosphamide-induced mouse cystitis. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2018; 315:F460-F468. [PMID: 29717937 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00100.2018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome (IC/BPS) is a chronic inflammatory disease without consistently effective treatment. We investigate the role of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) on voiding dysfunction and inflammation in the cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced mouse cystitis. Male C57BL/6 [wild-type, (WT)] and/or TLR4 knockout (TLR4-/-) mice were treated with an injection of CYP (300 mg/kg, 24 h) or saline (10 ml/kg). The pharmacological blockade of the TLR4 by resatorvid (10 mg/kg) was also performed 1 h prior CYP-injection in WT mice. Urodynamic profiles were assessed by voiding stain on filter paper and filling cystometry. Contractile responses to carbachol were measured in isolated bladders. In CYP-exposed WT mice, mRNA for TLR4, myeloid differentiation primary response 88, and TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β increased by 45%, 72%, and 38%, respectively ( P < 0.05). In free-moving mice, CYP-exposed mice exhibited a higher number of urinary spots and smaller urinary volumes. Increases of micturition frequency and nonvoiding contractions, concomitant with decreases of intercontraction intervals and capacity, were observed in the filling cystometry of WT mice ( P < 0.05). Carbachol-induced bladder contractions were significantly reduced in the CYP group, which was paralleled by reduced mRNA for M2 and M3 muscarinic receptors. These functional and molecular alterations induced by CYP were prevented in TLR4-/- and resatorvid-treated mice. Additionally, the increased levels of inflammatory markers induced by CYP exposure, myeloperoxidase activity, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were significantly reduced by resatorvid treatment. Our findings reveal a central role for the TLR4 signaling pathway in initiating CYP-induced bladder dysfunction and inflammation and thus emphasize that TLR4 receptor blockade may have clinical value for IC/BPS treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Fabiola Z Mónica
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Fabiano B Calmasini
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Alexandre
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Edith B G Tavares
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
| | - Antonio G Soares
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Soraia K P Costa
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo , São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas , Campinas , Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Animal Modelling of Interstitial Cystitis/Bladder Pain Syndrome. Int Neurourol J 2018; 22:S3-9. [PMID: 29385788 PMCID: PMC5798638 DOI: 10.5213/inj.1835062.531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) remains elusive and may involve multiple causes. To better understand its pathophysiology, many efforts have been made to create IC/BPS models. Most existing models of IC/BPS strive to recreate bladder-related features by applying noxious intravesical or systemic stimuli to healthy animals. These models are useful to help understand various mechanisms; however, they are limited to demonstrating how the bladder and nervous system respond to noxious stimuli, and are not representative of the complex interactions and pathophysiology of IC/BPS. To study the various factors that may be relevant for IC/BPS, at least 3 different types of animal models are commonly used: (1) bladder-centric models, (2) models with complex mechanisms, and (3) psychological and physical stressors/natural disease models. It is obvious that all aspects of the human disease cannot be mimicked by a single model. It may be the case that several models, each contributing to a piece of the puzzle, are required to recreate a reasonable picture of the pathophysiology and time course of the disease(s) diagnosed as IC/BPS, and thus to identify reasonable targets for treatment.
Collapse
|
37
|
Ito H, Drake MJ, Fry CH, Kanai AJ, Pickering AE. Characterization of mouse neuro-urological dynamics in a novel decerebrate arterially perfused mouse (DAPM) preparation. Neurourol Urodyn 2018; 37:1302-1312. [PMID: 29333621 PMCID: PMC5947622 DOI: 10.1002/nau.23471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIM To develop the decerebrate arterially perfused mouse (DAPM) preparation, a novel voiding model of the lower urinary tract (LUT) that enables in vitro-like access with in vivo-like neural connectivity. METHODS Adult male mice were decerebrated and arterially perfused with a carbogenated, Ringer's solution to establish the DAPM. To allow distinction between central and peripheral actions of interventions, experiments were conducted in both the DAPM and in a "pithed" DAPM which has no brainstem or spinal cord control. RESULTS Functional micturition cycles were observed in response to bladder filling. During each void, the bladder showed strong contractions and the external urethral sphincter (EUS) showed bursting activity. Both the frequency and amplitude of non-voiding contractions (NVCs) in DAPM and putative micromotions (pMM) in pithed DAPM increased with bladder filling. Vasopressin (>400 pM) caused dyssynergy of the LUT resulting in retention in DAPM as it increased tonic EUS activity and basal bladder pressure in a dose-dependent manner (basal pressure increase also noted in pithed DAPM). Both neuromuscular blockade (vecuronium) and autonomic ganglion blockade (hexamethonium), initially caused incomplete voiding, and both drugs eventually stopped voiding in DAPM. Intravesical acetic acid (0.2%) decreased the micturition interval. Recordings from the pelvic nerve in the pithed DAPM showed bladder distention-induced activity in the non-noxious range which was associated with pMM. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates the utility of the DAPM which allows a detailed characterization of LUT function in mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ito
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marcus J Drake
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Christopher H Fry
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony J Kanai
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Anthony E Pickering
- School of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Chen HY, Chen CJ, Chen WC, Wang SJ, Chen YH. A promising protein responsible for overactive bladder in ovariectomized mice. Taiwan J Obstet Gynecol 2017; 56:196-203. [PMID: 28420508 DOI: 10.1016/j.tjog.2016.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Ovariectomy (OVX) in mice is a model mimicking a neuro-electronic proof of an overactive bladder in postmenopausal women. Overactive bladder (OAB) was recently found to be due to an altered gap junction protein in a rat model. Thus, this study was conducted to evaluate changes in cell junction protein expression and composition in the bladder of OVX mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six virgin female mice were randomized into three groups: mice with a sham operation only (control), OVX mice without estradiol (E2) replacement, and OVX mice with E2 replacement (OVX + E2). Cystometry assessment was conducted and cell junction-associated protein zonula occludens-2 (ZO-2) expression was measured after 8 weeks. Voiding interval values (time between voids) were assessed in mice under anesthesia. After measurements, the bladders were removed for proteomic analysis using the label-free quantitative proteomics and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry technology. Lastly, immunohistochemistry (IHC) and Western blot were used to confirm the location and level, respectively, of ZO-2 expression. RESULTS We identified 73 differentially expressed proteins in the bladder of OVX mice. The OVX mice showed significantly lower voiding interval values. Voiding interval values were significantly higher in the OVX + E2 group than in the OVX group. Urothelial thicknesses in the bladder were also significantly lower in the OVX group than in the control group. E2 replacement reversed the urothelium layers. Additionally, the expression of ZO-2, a tight junction protein, was the most affected by OVX treatment. IHC and Western blot confirmed the downregulation of ZO-2 in the bladder of OVX mice. Expression of ZO-2 protein was significantly increased in OVX + E2 group compared with OVX group. CONCLUSION This exploratory study estimated changes in protein expression and composition in the bladder of OVX mice. These changes may be associated with the molecular mechanisms of OAB.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Huey-Yi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research, and Urology, Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Jung Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research, and Urology, Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Chi Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research, and Urology, Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jing Wang
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Hsiang Chen
- Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, Proteomics Core Laboratory, Research Center for Chinese Medicine & Acupuncture, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Departments of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical Research, and Urology, Sex Hormone Research Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan; Department of Psychology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Optogenetic silencing of nociceptive primary afferents reduces evoked and ongoing bladder pain. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15865. [PMID: 29158567 PMCID: PMC5696510 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16129-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome (IC/BPS) suffer from chronic pain that severely affects quality of life. Although the underlying pathophysiology is not well understood, inhibition of bladder sensory afferents temporarily relieves pain. Here, we explored the possibility that optogenetic inhibition of nociceptive sensory afferents could be used to modulate bladder pain. The light-activated inhibitory proton pump Archaerhodopsin (Arch) was expressed under control of the sensory neuron-specific sodium channel (sns) gene to selectively silence these neurons. Optically silencing nociceptive sensory afferents significantly blunted the evoked visceromotor response to bladder distension and led to small but significant changes in bladder function. To study of the role of nociceptive sensory afferents in freely behaving mice, we developed a fully implantable, flexible, wirelessly powered optoelectronic system for the long-term manipulation of bladder afferent expressed opsins. We found that optogenetic inhibition of nociceptive sensory afferents reduced both ongoing pain and evoked cutaneous hypersensitivity in the context of cystitis, but had no effect in uninjured, naïve mice. These results suggest that selective optogenetic silencing of nociceptive bladder afferents may represent a potential future therapeutic strategy for the treatment of bladder pain.
Collapse
|
40
|
Sadler KE, McQuaid NA, Cox AC, Behun MN, Trouten AM, Kolber BJ. Divergent functions of the left and right central amygdala in visceral nociception. Pain 2017; 158:747-759. [PMID: 28225716 DOI: 10.1097/j.pain.0000000000000830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The left and right central amygdalae (CeA) are limbic regions involved in somatic and visceral pain processing. These 2 nuclei are asymmetrically involved in somatic pain modulation; pain-like responses on both sides of the body are preferentially driven by the right CeA, and in a reciprocal fashion, nociceptive somatic stimuli on both sides of the body predominantly alter molecular and physiological activities in the right CeA. Unknown, however, is whether this lateralization also exists in visceral pain processing and furthermore what function the left CeA has in modulating nociceptive information. Using urinary bladder distension (UBD) and excitatory optogenetics, a pronociceptive function of the right CeA was demonstrated in mice. Channelrhodopsin-2-mediated activation of the right CeA increased visceromotor responses (VMRs), while activation of the left CeA had no effect. Similarly, UBD-evoked VMRs increased after unilateral infusion of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide in the right CeA. To determine intrinsic left CeA involvement in bladder pain modulation, this region was optogenetically silenced during noxious UBD. Halorhodopsin (NpHR)-mediated inhibition of the left CeA increased VMRs, suggesting an ongoing antinociceptive function for this region. Finally, divergent left and right CeA functions were evaluated during abdominal mechanosensory testing. In naive animals, channelrhodopsin-2-mediated activation of the right CeA induced mechanical allodynia, and after cyclophosphamide-induced bladder sensitization, activation of the left CeA reversed referred bladder pain-like behaviors. Overall, these data provide evidence for functional brain lateralization in the absence of peripheral anatomical asymmetries.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Katelyn E Sadler
- Department of Biological Sciences and Chronic Pain Research Consortium, Duquesne University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Gao P, Ding XW, Dong L, Luo P, Zhang GH, Rong WF. Expression of aromatase in the rostral ventromedial medulla and its role in the regulation of visceral pain. CNS Neurosci Ther 2017; 23:980-989. [PMID: 29047208 DOI: 10.1111/cns.12769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS Estrogens are known to exert a wide spectrum of actions on brain functions including modulation of pain. Besides the circulating estrogens produced mainly by the ovaries, many brain regions are also capable of de novo synthesizing estrogens, which may exert important modulatory effects on neuronal functions. This study was aimed to test the hypothesis that aromatase, the enzyme that catalyzes the conversion of testosterone to estradiols, may be distributed in the rostral ventromedial medulla (RVM), where it may impact on visceral pain. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult female rats were treated with cyclophosphamide (CPM, 50 mg/kg, ip, once every 3 days) or saline. At approximately day 10 following the 3rd injection, CPM-treated rats exhibited colorectal hyperalgesia as they showed significantly greater abdominal withdrawal responses (AWR) to graded colorectal distension (CRD, 0-100 mm Hg) than the saline group. Immunofluorescent staining and Western blot assay revealed that CPM-induced colorectal hyperalgesia was associated with significantly increased expression of aromatase and phosphorylated μ-type opioid receptor (pMOR) and decreased expression of total MOR in the RVM. Intracisternal application of aromatase inhibitors, fadrozole, and letrozole reversed CPM-induced colorectal hyperalgesia and restored pMOR and MOR expression in the RVM. CONCLUSIONS Our observations confirmed the expression of aromatase in the RVM, a pivotal brain region in descending modulation of pain and opioid analgesia. The results support the hypothesis that locally produced estrogens in the RVM may be involved in the maintenance of chronic visceral hyperalgesia and the downstream signaling may involve phosphorylation of MOR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po Gao
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medical Research, Tongren Hospital and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiao-Wei Ding
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medical Research, Tongren Hospital and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Dong
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medical Research, Tongren Hospital and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Luo
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medical Research, Tongren Hospital and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guo-Hua Zhang
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medical Research, Tongren Hospital and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Wei-Fang Rong
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medical Research, Tongren Hospital and Department of Physiology, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.,Key Laboratory of Cerebrocranial Diseases, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Lai HH, Shen B, Vijairania P, Zhang X, Vogt SK, Gereau RW. Anti-vascular endothelial growth factor treatment decreases bladder pain in cyclophosphamide cystitis: a Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain (MAPP) Research Network animal model study. BJU Int 2017; 120:576-583. [PMID: 28581681 DOI: 10.1111/bju.13924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate whether treatment with anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-neutralizing antibodies can reduce pain and voiding dysfunction in the cyclophosphamide (CYP) cystitis model of bladder pain in mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult female mice received anti-VEGF-neutralizing antibodies (10 mg/kg i.p. B20-4.1.1 VEGF mAb) or saline (control) pre-treatment, followed by CYP (150 mg/kg i.p.) to induce acute cystitis. Pelvic nociceptive responses were assessed by applying von Frey filaments to the pelvic area. Spontaneous micturition was assessed using the void spot assay. RESULTS Systemic anti-VEGF-neutralizing antibody treatment significantly reduced the pelvic nociceptive response to CYP cystitis compared with control (saline). In the anti-VEGF pre-treatment group, there was a significant increase in pelvic hypersensitivity, measured by the area under the curve (AUC) using von Frey filaments at 5 h post-CYP administration (P = 0.004); however, by 48 h and 96 h post-CYP administration, pelvic hypersensitivity had reduced by 54% and 47%, respectively, compared with the 5 h post-CYP administration time point, and were no longer significantly different from baseline (P = 0.22 and 0.17, respectively). There was no difference in urinary frequency and mean voided volume between the two pre-treatment groups. CONCLUSION Systemic blockade of VEGF signalling with anti-VEGF-neutralizing antibodies was effective in reducing pelvic/bladder pain in the CYP cystitis model of bladder pain. Our data support the further investigation of the use of anti-VEGF antibodies to manage bladder pain or visceral pain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- H Henry Lai
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.,Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Baixin Shen
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pooja Vijairania
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sherri K Vogt
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Robert W Gereau
- Washington University Pain Center, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Liu Q, Long Z, Dong X, Zhang T, Zhao J, Sun B, Zhu J, Li J, Wang Q, Yang Z, Hu X, Li L. Cyclophosphamide-induced HCN1 channel upregulation in interstitial Cajal-like cells leads to bladder hyperactivity in mice. Exp Mol Med 2017; 49:e319. [PMID: 28428632 PMCID: PMC6130216 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 12/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated (HCN) channels are confirmed to be expressed in bladder interstitial Cajal-like cells (ICC-LCs), but little is known about their possible role in cystitis-associated bladder dysfunction. The present study aimed to determine the functional role of HCN channels in regulating bladder function under inflammatory conditions. Sixty female wild-type C57BL/6J mice and sixty female HCN1-knockout mice were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups, respectively. Cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis models were successfully established in these mice. CYP treatment significantly enhanced HCN channel protein expression and Ih density and significantly altered bladder HCN1 channel regulatory proteins. Carbachol (CCH) and forskolin (FSK) exerted significant effects on bladder ICC-LC [Ca2+]i in CYP-treated wild-type (WT) mice, and HCN1 channel ablation significantly decreased the effects of CCH and FSK on bladder ICC-LC [Ca2+]i in both naive and CYP-treated mice. CYP treatment significantly potentiated the spontaneous contractions and CCH (0.001–10 μM)-induced phasic contractions of detrusor strips, and HCN1 channel deletion significantly abated such effects. Finally, we demonstrated that the development of CYP-induced bladder overactivity was reversed in HCN1−/− mice. Taken together, our results suggest that CYP-induced enhancements of HCN1 channel expression and function in bladder ICC-LCs are essential for cystitis-associated bladder hyperactivity development, indicating that the HCN1 channel may be a novel therapeutic target for managing bladder hyperactivity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qian Liu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhou Long
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xingyou Dong
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Teng Zhang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiang Zhao
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bishao Sun
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jingzhen Zhu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qingqing Wang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhenxing Yang
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyan Hu
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Longkun Li
- Department of Urology, Second Affiliated Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Dogishi K, Okamoto K, Majima T, Konishi-Shiotsu S, Homan T, Kodera M, Oyama S, Oyama T, Shirakawa H, Yoshimura N, Nakagawa T, Kaneko S. A rat long-lasting cystitis model induced by intravesical injection of hydrogen peroxide. Physiol Rep 2017; 5:5/4/e13127. [PMID: 28242819 PMCID: PMC5328770 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Novel longer lasting inflammatory bladder animal models are needed to better understand the pathophysiology of chronic cystitis. We previously developed a relatively long‐lasting mouse cystitis model by intravesical injection of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). To further evaluate its pathophysiology, in this study, we established and analyzed a rat cystitis model. Under anesthesia, 1.5% H2O2 solution was introduced transurethrally into the bladder of female rats, and kept for 30 min. The H2O2 injection significantly increased the number of micturition events up to day 14 and decreased urine volume per micturition, with the smallest volumes on day 3, compared with the vehicle‐treated group. Cystometric analysis on day 7 revealed that intercontraction intervals were significantly shortened without affecting the baseline, threshold, or maximum pressures. Intravesical resiniferatoxin‐evoked nociceptive behaviors, such as freezing, were significantly enhanced on days 7 and 14. Furthermore, histopathology revealed hemorrhage, edema, infiltration of neutrophils into the lamina propria, and urothelial denudation in the early phase (day 1). These damages were gradually repaired, while hyperplasia of the urothelium, vascularization, increases in fibroblast counts, and infiltration of mast cells and eosinophils were observed through the later phase (days 7 and 14). These results suggest that intravesical H2O2 injection induces relatively long‐lasting cystitis with enhanced bladder activity and pain sensation in rats. This approach thus provides a novel rat long‐lasting cystitis model that allows us to analyze detailed symptoms and pathophysiology of H2O2‐induced cystitis model than the mouse model and may be used to investigate the pathophysiology and treatment of chronic bladder hypersensitive disorders, such as bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koji Dogishi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ken Okamoto
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tsuyoshi Majima
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | | | - Takashi Homan
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kodera
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shohei Oyama
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Oyama
- Discovery Research Laboratories, Nippon Shinyaku Co., Ltd., Minami-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Hisashi Shirakawa
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Naoki Yoshimura
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Takayuki Nakagawa
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Kyoto University Hospital, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Shuji Kaneko
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Ito H, Pickering AE, Igawa Y, Kanai AJ, Fry CH, Drake MJ. Muro-Neuro-Urodynamics; a Review of the Functional Assessment of Mouse Lower Urinary Tract Function. Front Physiol 2017; 8:49. [PMID: 28220079 PMCID: PMC5292568 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Mouse urodynamic tests are fundamental to understanding normal lower urinary tract (LUT) function. These experiments also contribute to our understanding of neurological dysfunction, pathophysiological processes, and potential mechanisms of therapy. Objectives: Systematic assessment of published evidence on urodynamics, advantages and limitations of different urodynamic measurements in mice, and consideration of potential implications for the clinical field. Methods: A search using specific search-terms for urodynamic studies and mice was conducted on PubMed (from inception to 1 July 2016). Results: We identified 55 studies examining or describing mouse neuro-urodynamics. We summarize reported features of mouse urodynamic function deriving from frequency-volume chart (FVC) measurements, voiding spot assays, filling cystometry, and pressure-flow studies. Similarly, an influence of the diurnal cycle on voiding is observed in mice and should be considered when interpreting rodent urodynamic studies, especially FVC measurements and voiding spot assays. Anaesthesia, restraint conditions, or filling rate influence mouse neuro-urodynamics. Mouse cystometric studies have observed intravesical pressure oscillations that accompany urine flow, attributed to high frequency opening and closing of the urethra. This characterization is not seen in other species, except rats. In contrast to human clinical urodynamics, the terminology of these examinations has not been standardized although many rodent urodynamic studies have been described. Conclusion: Mice have many anatomical and physiological similarities to humans and they are generally cost effective, and allow investigation of the effects of aging because of their short lifespan. There are some differences between mouse and human urodynamics. These must be considered when interpreting LUT function in mice, and translational value of murine disease models.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Ito
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Anthony E Pickering
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Yasuhiko Igawa
- Department of Continence Medicine, University of Tokyo Graduate School of Medicine Tokyo, Japan
| | - Anthony J Kanai
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh Pennsylvania, PA, USA
| | - Christopher H Fry
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| | - Marcus J Drake
- Department of Physiology, Pharmacology and Neuroscience, University of Bristol Bristol, UK
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Chen W, Ye DY, Han DJ, Fu GQ, Zeng X, Lin W, Liang Y. Elevated level of nerve growth factor in the bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis: a meta-analysis. SPRINGERPLUS 2016; 5:1072. [PMID: 27462520 PMCID: PMC4943920 DOI: 10.1186/s40064-016-2719-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 06/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Objectives To elucidate the association between nerve growth factor (NGF) level and bladder pain syndrome/interstitial cystitis (BPS/IC) by conducting a meta-analysis. Methods We conducted a systematic literature search to identify original studies of NGF level in BPS/IC before November 2015. Eligible studies were retrieved via both computer searches and manual review of references. The summary difference estimates between controlled group and BPS/IC group were calculated based on the weighted mean difference (WMD) with its 95 % confidence interval (CI). Sensitivity and publication analyses were performed after the pooled analysis. Results Meta-analysis of 10 original studies involving 295 cases and 290 normal controls showed an increased level of urinary NGF in BPS/IC patients (z = 3.08, P = 0.002). The combined WMD was 36.39 (95 % CI 13.27–59.51). There was significant difference between controlled group and BPS/IC patients in the term of NGF/Cr level (WMD = 0.96, 95 % CI 0.58–1.35; z = 4.89, P < 0.01). There was no significant publication bias in the included studies (P for Begg’s test = 0.73, P for egger’s test = 0.13). Conclusions Our results demonstrated that there was an increased level of NGF in the BPS/IC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chen
- Department of Urology, Zigong No.4 People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Da-Yong Ye
- Department of Urology, Zigong No.4 People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Deng-Jun Han
- Department of Urology, Zigong No.4 People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Guang-Qing Fu
- Department of Urology, Zigong No.4 People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiang Zeng
- Department of Urology, Zigong No.4 People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Lin
- Department of Urology, Zigong No.4 People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
| | - Yong Liang
- Department of Urology, Zigong No.4 People's Hospital, Sichuan, China
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
de Oliveira MG, Calmasini FB, Alexandre EC, De Nucci G, Mónica FZ, Antunes E. Activation of soluble guanylyl cyclase by BAY 58-2667 improves bladder function in cyclophosphamide-induced cystitis in mice. Am J Physiol Renal Physiol 2016; 311:F85-93. [PMID: 27122537 DOI: 10.1152/ajprenal.00041.2016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Accepted: 04/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Activators of soluble guanylyl cyclase (sGC) interact directly with its prosthetic heme group, enhancing the enzyme responsiveness in pathological conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the sGC activator BAY 58-2667 on voiding dysfunction, protein expressions of α1 and β1 sGC subunits and cGMP levels in the bladder tissues after cyclophosphamide (CYP) exposure. Female C57BL/6 mice (20-25 g) were injected with CYP (300 mg/kg ip) to induce cystitis. Mice were pretreated or not with BAY 58-2667 (1 mg/kg, gavage), given 1 h before CYP injection. The micturition patterns and in vitro bladder contractions were evaluated at 24 h. In freely moving mice, the CYP injection produced reduced the micturition volume and increased the number of urine spots. Cystometric recordings in CYP-injected mice revealed significant increases in basal pressure, voiding frequency, and nonvoiding contractions (NVCs), along with decreases in bladder capacity, intercontraction interval, and compliance. BAY 58-2667 significantly prevented the micturition alterations observed in both freely moving mice and cystometry and normalized the reduced in vitro carbachol-induced contractions in the CYP group. Reduced protein expressions of α1 and β1 sGC subunits and of cGMP levels were observed in the CYP group, all of which were prevented by BAY 58-2667. CYP exposure significantly increased reactive-oxygen species (ROS) generation in both detrusor and urothelium, and this was normalized by BAY 58-2667. The increased myeloperoxidase and cyclooxygenase-2 activities in the bladders of the CYP group remained unchanged by BAY 58-2667. Activators of sGC may constitute a novel and promising therapeutic approach for management of interstitial cystitis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mariana G de Oliveira
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiano B Calmasini
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Eduardo C Alexandre
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gilberto De Nucci
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabíola Z Mónica
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Edson Antunes
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Aich A, Afrin LB, Gupta K. Mast Cell-Mediated Mechanisms of Nociception. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:29069-92. [PMID: 26690128 PMCID: PMC4691098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms161226151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mast cells are tissue-resident immune cells that release immuno-modulators, chemo-attractants, vasoactive compounds, neuropeptides and growth factors in response to allergens and pathogens constituting a first line of host defense. The neuroimmune interface of immune cells modulating synaptic responses has been of increasing interest, and mast cells have been proposed as key players in orchestrating inflammation-associated pain pathobiology due to their proximity to both vasculature and nerve fibers. Molecular underpinnings of mast cell-mediated pain can be disease-specific. Understanding such mechanisms is critical for developing disease-specific targeted therapeutics to improve analgesic outcomes. We review molecular mechanisms that may contribute to nociception in a disease-specific manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anupam Aich
- Vascular Biology Center, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Lawrence B Afrin
- Vascular Biology Center, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| | - Kalpna Gupta
- Vascular Biology Center, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lai H, Gereau RW, Luo Y, O'Donnell M, Rudick CN, Pontari M, Mullins C, Klumpp DJ. Animal Models of Urologic Chronic Pelvic Pain Syndromes: Findings From the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain Research Network. Urology 2015; 85:1454-65. [PMID: 26099889 DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2015.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2014] [Revised: 02/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the approach taken by the Multidisciplinary Approach to the Study of Chronic Pelvic Pain Research Network investigators to advance the utility of urologic chronic pelvic pain syndromes (UCPPS) animal models. METHODS A multidisciplinary team of investigators representing basic science and clinical expertise defined key phenotypic criteria for rodent models of UCPPS. UCPPS symptoms were prioritized based on their clinical significance. Methods for quantifying animal correlates to patient symptoms were developed. The methods were implemented across proposed rodent models for evaluation and comparison of animals for phenotypic characteristics relevant to human symptomatology. RESULTS Pelvic pain and urinary frequency were deemed primary features of human UCPPS and were prioritized for assessment in animals. Nociception was quantified using visceromotor response to bladder distention and by applying von Frey filaments to the lower abdomen (referred tactile allodynia). Micturition activity was assessed as free voiding using micturition cages or blotting pad assays and in response to bladder filling by cystometry. Models varied in both depth of characterization and degree of recapitulating pelvic pain and urinary frequency characteristics of UCPPS. CONCLUSION Rodent models that reflect multiple key characteristics of human UCPPS may be identified and provide enhanced clinical significance to mechanistic studies. We have developed a strategy for evaluating current and future animal models of UCPPS based on human symptomatology. This approach provides a foundation for improved translation between mechanistic studies in animals and clinical research and serves as a validation strategy for assessing validity of models for symptom-driven disorders of unknown etiology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henry Lai
- Division of Urologic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO.
| | - Robert W Gereau
- Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Yi Luo
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Michael O'Donnell
- Department of Urology, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Charles N Rudick
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Michel Pontari
- Department of Urology, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Chris Mullins
- Division of Kidney, Urologic, & Hematologic Diseases (KUH), National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (NIDDK), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
| | - David J Klumpp
- Department of Urology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Fujita M, Kasai E, Omachi S, Sakaguchi G, Shinohara S. A novel method for assessing bladder-related pain reveals the involvement of nerve growth factor in pain associated with cyclophosphamide-induced chronic cystitis in mice. Eur J Pain 2015; 20:79-91. [PMID: 25820250 DOI: 10.1002/ejp.693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pain is a prominent feature of interstitial cystitis/painful bladder syndrome (IC/PBS), but the underlying mechanisms are not fully understood. There is a lack of well-characterized research tools, such as pain evaluation methods and experimental animal models, for investigating non-ulcerative cystitis. We developed a novel method for evaluating bladder pain in mice with cyclophosphamide (CYP)-induced cystitis. METHODS Cystitis was produced by a single intraperitoneal injection of CYP (300 mg/kg) or repeated injections of CYP (150 mg/kg once daily for 4 days). Blunt stimulation with a cotton probe was applied to the abdominal region, and the thresholds for withdrawal responses were measured quantitatively using an anaesthesiometer. RESULTS The single injection of CYP provoked acute cystitis with severe bladder inflammation in mice. In these mice, we could detect an increased sensitivity to blunt stimulation, which was abolished by intravesical lidocaine. The stimulation induced phosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases in bladder-projecting sensory neurons. Chronic treatment with CYP produced persistent pain responses to the blunt stimulus. Although there were few signs of bladder inflammation in these mice, the concentration of nerve growth factor (NGF) was elevated in bladder tissue, and NGF antiserum inhibited the hypersensitivity. CONCLUSIONS The blunt probe method is useful for evaluating bladder pain signalling in mice, and revealed the involvement of an NGF-sensitive pain pathway in chronic cystitis pain. This assessment method may be useful for studying the pathophysiology of bladder pain and for developing therapeutic strategies for non-ulcerative IC/PBS in patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Fujita
- Pain & Neurology, Discovery Research Laboratories for Core Therapeutic Areas, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - E Kasai
- Pain & Neurology, Discovery Research Laboratories for Core Therapeutic Areas, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Omachi
- Pain & Neurology, Discovery Research Laboratories for Core Therapeutic Areas, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - G Sakaguchi
- Pain & Neurology, Discovery Research Laboratories for Core Therapeutic Areas, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| | - S Shinohara
- Pain & Neurology, Discovery Research Laboratories for Core Therapeutic Areas, Shionogi & Co. Ltd., Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|