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Witts WK, Amu H, Kwafo FO, Angaag NA, Bain LE. Influence of perceived social support and other factors on treatment adherence among adults living with chronic non-communicable diseases in the Ho Municipality of Ghana: A health facility-based cross-sectional study. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0308402. [PMID: 39241027 PMCID: PMC11379372 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0308402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 09/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), there is a noticeable shift from infectious diseases to chronic non-communicable diseases (CNCDs) based on recent studies. However, other studies suggest that social support can significantly improve self-care, increase knowledge of disease symptoms, and ultimately increase overall well-being in patients with CNCDs. In this study, we investigated the influence of perceived social support on treatment adherence among adults living with CNCDs in the Ho Municipality. METHODS This was a health facility-based cross-sectional study among 432 adults living with cancer, diabetes, chronic kidney disease (CKD), stroke, and hypertension in the Ho Municipality of the Volta Region, Ghana. We adopted the Multi-dimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS), Medication Adherence Rating Scale and independent items to collect data. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the data with STATA v17.0 at 95% Confidence Intervals with statistical significance set at p<0.05. RESULTS Majority of the participants (62%) reported high levels of perceived social support. While friends were the main source of support (69.4%), significant others provided the least support (45.4%). Among the dimensions of treatment adherence, participants demonstrated the highest adherence to reviews/check-ups (98.8%), while medication adherence had the highest level of non-adherence (38%). We did not find a significant association between perceived social support and overall treatment adherence, except for individuals with low perceived social support from friends (aOR = 8.58, 95% CI = 4.21,17.52), who were more likely to exhibit high adherence to behavioural and lifestyle recommendations. CONCLUSION While the majority of respondents reported high perceived social support, there was no significant link between social support and overall treatment adherence. However, individuals with low support from friends showed a notably increased adherence to behavioural and lifestyle recommendations. This underscores the nuanced impact of social support on specific aspects of adherence, highlighting the need for targeted interventions tailored to individual support networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Kwame Witts
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Hubert Amu
- Department of Population and Behavioural Sciences, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Frank Oppong Kwafo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Fred N. Binka School of Public Health, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Hohoe, Ghana
| | - Nathaniel Awentiirin Angaag
- Department of Medical Imaging, School of Allied Health Sciences, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Luchuo Engelbert Bain
- Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Ameyaw EK, Nutor JJ, Okiring J, Yeboah I, Agbadi P, Getahun M, Agbadi W, Thompson RGA. The role of social support in antiretroviral therapy uptake and retention among pregnant and postpartum women living with HIV in the Greater Accra region of Ghana. BMC Public Health 2024; 24:540. [PMID: 38383341 PMCID: PMC10882784 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-024-18004-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The role of social support in antiretroviral therapy (ART) uptake and retention among pregnant and postpartum women in Ghana's capital, Accra, has received limited attention in the literature. This cross-sectional study extends existing knowledge by investigating the role of social support in ART adherence and retention among pregnant and postpartum women in Accra. METHODS We implemented a cross-sectional study in eleven (11) public health facilities. Convenience sampling approach was used to recruit 180 participants, out of which 176 with completed data were included in the study. ART adherence in the three months preceding the survey (termed consistent uptake), and ART retention were the outcomes of interest. Initial analysis included descriptive statistics characterized by frequencies and percentages to describe the study population. In model building, we included all variables that had p-values of 0.2 or lesser in the bivariate analysis to minimize negative confounding. Overall, a two-sided p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Data were analyzed using Stata version 14.1 (College Station, TX). RESULTS In the multivariate model, we realized a lower odds trend between social support score and consistent ART adherence, however, this was insignificant. Similarly, both the univariate and multivariate models showed that social support has no relationship with ART retention. Meanwhile, urban residents had a higher prevalence of ART adherence (adjusted Prevalence ratio (aPR) = 2.04, CI = 1.12-3.73) relative to rural/peri-urban residents. As compared to those below age 30, women aged 30-34 (aPR = 0.58, CI = 0.34-0.98) and above 35 (aPR = 0.48, CI = 0.31-0.72) had lower prevalence of ART adherence Women who knew their partner's HIV status had lower prevalence of ART adherence compared to those who did not know (aPR = 0.62, CI = 0.43-0.91). Also, having a rival or co-wife was significantly associated with ART retention such that higher prevalence of ART adherence among women with rivals relative to those without rivals (aOR = 1.98, CI = 1.16-3.36). CONCLUSION Our study showed that social support does not play any essential role in ART adherence among the surveyed pregnant and postpartum women. Meanwhile, factors such as having a rival and being under the age of thirty play an instrumental role. The study has signaled the need for ART retention scale-up interventions to have a multi-pronged approach in order to identify the multitude of underlying factors, beyond social support, that enhance/impede efforts to achieve higher uptake and retention rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Kwabena Ameyaw
- Institute of Policy Studies and School of Graduate Studies, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China
- Africa Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
- L & E Research Consult Ltd, Wa, Upper West Region, Ghana
| | - Jerry John Nutor
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Jaffer Okiring
- Infectious Diseases Research Collaboration, Kampala, Uganda
| | - Isaac Yeboah
- Africa Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
- Institute of Work Employment and Society, University of Professional Studies, Accra, Ghana
| | - Pascal Agbadi
- Africa Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Sociology and Social Science Policy, Lingnan University, Hong Kong, China
| | - Monica Getahun
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Wisdom Agbadi
- Africa Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
- Push Aid Africa, Accra, Ghana
| | - Rachel G A Thompson
- Africa Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
- Language Center, College of Humanities, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Hou J, Fu R, Jiang T, Yu NX. Dyadic typology of illness perceptions in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) Serodiscordant couples. J Psychosom Res 2024; 176:111563. [PMID: 38103280 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpsychores.2023.111563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Revised: 11/12/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Illness perceptions direct coping resources in the illness adaptation process. Previous studies regarding illness perception profiles have been conducted at the individual level, without considering the couple as a unit. This study aimed to investigate the dyadic topologies of illness perceptions in HIV-serodiscordant couples and the association between the identified profiles and individual- and couple-level outcomes. METHODS A comprehensive examination was undertaken, encompassing 231 Chinese HIV-serodiscordant couples, who voluntarily participated in this cross-sectional study during the period spanning June to October 2022. To discern various patterns of illness perception, dyadic latent profile analyses were performed, followed by the implementation of one-way analyses of variance to investigate outcome differences at both the individual and couple levels across the identified profiles. RESULTS We identified three distinct profiles of illness perception, namely the incongruent-but-low, congruent-but-high, and incongruent-and-high profiles. Except for the partner's sex (p < .01, Cramer' v = 0.214) and the education levels of persons living with HIV and their partners (both p < .01, Cramer' v = 0.236 for persons living with HIV and 0.198 for partners), no significant demographic differences across the various profiles were found. Furthermore, we observed significant differences in all outcomes among the different couple profiles (all p < .001). These differences were of medium-to-large magnitudes (partial η2 values ranging from 0.07 to 0.22). CONCLUSION A couple-centered typological approach provides a useful way of identifying the couple's configuration of illness perceptions, which will inform the provision of tailor-made treatment for couples with different profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhua Hou
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Rong Fu
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Taiyi Jiang
- Beijing Key Laboratory for HIV/AIDS Research, Clinical and Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Beijing Youan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Nancy Xiaonan Yu
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China.
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Dake S, Bonful HA, Ganu V, Puplampu P, Asamoah A, Arthur HA, Mwintuu L, Asampong E, Kretchy IA, Anum A. Coping strategies among adolescents and young adults living with HIV/AIDS in Accra-Ghana. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:2350. [PMID: 38012649 PMCID: PMC10683146 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-17147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Living with HIV/AIDS is remarkably stressful and has an adverse effect on one's physical and mental health. In Sub-Saharan Africa, the introduction of highly active anti-retroviral therapy has led to an increased number of children with perinatal acquired HIV who are living into adolescence and adulthood. Developing strategies to cope with HIV becomes imperative, especially among these adolescents. The study determined the factors that influence coping strategies among adolescents living with HIV. METHODS An analytic cross-sectional design was used. A total of 154 adolescents aged 10-19 years living with HIV were systematically sampled at the Fevers Unit of Korle Bu Teaching Hospital from June to December, 2021. The adolescent version of the KidCope tool was used to assess the choice of coping strategies. Stata 16 was used to determine associations between independent variables and the coping strategies identified. Only variables that were significant at p = 0.1 or less in the crude model were used to run the adjusted regression model. The level of significance was set at p = 0.05 with a 95% confidence interval. RESULTS The mean age of participants was 19.2 ± 0.45 years with 51.9% (80/154) of participants being males. A majority, 57.1% of the participants employed positive coping strategies with 87.0% (135/154) using cognitive restructuring strategy. In an adjusted linear regression model, participants coping strategies were significantly associated with their educational level (p = 0.04) and presence of both parents as caregivers (p = 0.02). CONCLUSION Participants largely adopted positive coping strategies in managing the disease. Factors that influenced the choice of coping strategies were higher levels of education and the presence of both parents as caregivers. The importance of a good social support structure and pursuing further education needs to be emphasized in counselling adolescents living with HIV as it promotes the choice of positive coping strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selom Dake
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Harriet Affran Bonful
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana.
| | - Vincent Ganu
- Department of Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
| | - Peter Puplampu
- Department of Medicine, Korle Bu Teaching Hospital, Accra, Ghana
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Ghana Medical School, Accra, Ghana
| | - Alexander Asamoah
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Public Health Division, Ghana Health Service, Accra, Ghana
| | - Hannah Ama Arthur
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Linus Mwintuu
- Department of Epidemiology and Disease Control, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Emmanuel Asampong
- Department of Social and Behavioural Sciences, School of Public Health, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Irene A Kretchy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
| | - Adote Anum
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
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Oliveira J, Sousa H, Bártolo A, Figueiredo D, Ribeiro O. Illness perception and treatment adherence in haemodialysis: a systematic review. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:1641-1655. [PMID: 35818689 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2099559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Patients with kidney failure need lifelong renal replacement therapy to survive and, worldwide, in-centre haemodialysis is the most common modality. The efficacy of this treatment largely depends on the patients' adherence to several health behaviours. According to Leventhal's self-regulation model, patients' illness perceptions can be a key factor for treatment adherence. Therefore, it is of utmost importance to better understand this relationship to further fine-tune the effectiveness of renal rehabilitation programs. This study aimed to systematically review the literature on the association between illness perceptions and treatment adherence in adults undergoing in-centre haemodialysis. The search was performed on PubMed, Scopus, CINAHL, Web of Science (all databases included), and ProQuest (all databases included), from the 17th to the 21st of December 2020. The last update was performed on the 9th of June of 2022. Articles were critically appraised using the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Critical Appraisal Checklists for Analytical Cross-Sectional Studies. Nine studies were included comprising a total of 1161 patients undergoing in-centre haemodialysis. Associations between illness perceptions and treatment adherence were found in six studies. Adherence to dietary restrictions was the type of adherence with more significant associations with illness perceptions, followed by fluid control and medication intake. Two studies combining several types of adherences into an overall score also showed significant associations with illness perceptions. No significant associations were found between illness perceptions and adherence to dialysis sessions. These findings suggest that illness perceptions in patients undergoing in-centre haemodialysis should continue to receive research attention. Future interventions should acknowledge the importance of modifying maladaptive illness perceptions to improve treatment adherence in kidney failure. The protocol for this systematic review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42021231929).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime Oliveira
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Helena Sousa
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana Bártolo
- CINTESIS@RISE, Instituto Piaget - ISEIT / Viseu, Viseu, Portugal
| | - Daniela Figueiredo
- CINTESIS@RISE, School of Health Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Oscar Ribeiro
- CINTESIS@RISE, Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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Nutor JJ, Gyamerah AO, Alhassan RK, Duah HO, Thompson RGA, Wilson N, Harris O, Gutierrez J, Hoffmann TJ, Getahun M, Santos GM. Influence of depression and interpersonal support on adherence to antiretroviral therapy among people living with HIV. AIDS Res Ther 2023; 20:42. [PMID: 37386514 PMCID: PMC10308781 DOI: 10.1186/s12981-023-00538-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor adherence and under-utilization of antiretroviral therapy (ART) services have been major setbacks to achieving 95-95-95 policy goals in Sub-Saharan Africa. Social support and mental health challenges may serve as barriers to accessing and adhering to ART but are under-studied in low-income countries. The purpose of this study was to examine the association of interpersonal support and depression scores with adherence to ART among persons living with HIV (PLWH) in the Volta region of Ghana. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional survey among 181 PLWH 18 years or older who receive care at an ART clinic between November 2021 and March 2022. The questionnaire included a 6-item simplified ART adherence scale, the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the 12-item Interpersonal Support Evaluation List-12 (ISEL-12). We first used a chi-squared or Fisher's exact test to assess the association between these and additional demographic variables with ART adherence status. We then built a stepwise multivariable logistic regression model to explain ART adherence. RESULTS ART adherence was 34%. The threshold for depression was met by 23% of participants, but it was not significantly associated with adherence in multivariate analysis(p = 0.25). High social support was reported by 48.1%, and associated with adherence (p = 0.033, aOR = 3.45, 95% CI = 1.09-5.88). Other factors associated with adherence included in the multivariable model included not disclosing HIV status (p = 0.044, aOR = 2.17, 95% CI = 1.03-4.54) and not living in an urban area (p = 0.00037, aOR = 0.24, 95% CI = 0.11-0.52). CONCLUSION Interpersonal support, rural residence, and not disclosing HIV status were independent predictors of adherence to ART in the study area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jerry John Nutor
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Akua O Gyamerah
- Department of Community Health and Health Behavior, University of Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Robert Kaba Alhassan
- Centre for Health Policy and Implementation Research, Institute of Health Research, University of Health and Allied Sciences, Ho, Ghana
| | - Henry Ofori Duah
- College of Nursing, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Rachel G A Thompson
- Language Center, College of Humanities, University of Ghana, Accra, Ghana
- Africa Interdisciplinary Research Institute, Accra, Ghana
| | - Natalie Wilson
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Orlando Harris
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Jose Gutierrez
- Department of Family Health Care Nursing, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Thomas J Hoffmann
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Office of Research, School of Nursing, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Monica Getahun
- Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Glenn-Milo Santos
- Department of Community Health Systems, School of Nursing, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Acikgoz M, Piri Cinar B, Celebi U, Aciman Demirel E, Karpuz Seren B, Atasoy HT. Illness perception and quality of life in patients with migraine and tension-type headache. Neurol Res 2023; 45:370-380. [PMID: 36413440 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2022.2148512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Migraine and tension-type headache (TTH) are important health problems because cause loss of workforce, affect quality of life and are frequently associated with anxiety and depression. Illness perception is defined as a cognitive aspect of illness. The aim of this study is to determinethe relationship of migraine and TTH with quality of life, illness perception, anxiety and depression. MATERIALS AND METHODS Demographic information and headache characteristics of 160 patients (80 migraine, 80 TTH) who has applied to our hospital's neurology outpatient clinics were recorded. Hospital anxiety depression scale, illness perception questionnaire and quality of life short form-36 (SF-36) were applied to these patients. RESULTS Headache severity and duration were higher in migraine patients. Migraine sufferers believed that their illness would last longer and the results would be worse. Negative emotional representations were more common in TTH patients. Understanding of the disease was higher in younger and those with higher levels of education. Social functionality and bodily pain scores were worse than those of TTH patients. Headache severity and duration were higher in women. Anxiety and depression were associated with headache frequency, duration, and severity. It was determined that the severity, duration and frequency of headache also affected the quality of life. CONCLUSION Informing patients in detail about their diseases and increasing their education level can contribute to the improvement of headache representations. In addition, screening and treatment of anxiety and depression may be other interventions that can improve patients' adherence to treatment and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mustafa Acikgoz
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Bilge Piri Cinar
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Ulufer Celebi
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Esra Aciman Demirel
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Burcu Karpuz Seren
- Department of Neurology, Zonguldak Ataturk State Hospital, Zonguldak, Turkey
| | - Hüseyin Tugrul Atasoy
- Department of Neurology, Faculty of Medicine, Zonguldak Bulent Ecevit University, Zonguldak, Turkey
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Fosu M, Teye-Kwadjo E, Salifu Yendork J. Patient-Reported Experiences of Medication Adherence at a Community-Based HIV Clinic, Ghana. J Patient Exp 2022; 9:23743735221107263. [PMID: 35719416 PMCID: PMC9203957 DOI: 10.1177/23743735221107263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
There is little information on patients' medication adherence experiences at community-based clinics in Ghana. This study investigated adherence to antiretroviral medication among people living with HIV (PLHIV) attending a community-based HIV clinic. PLHIV (N = 349) completed a questionnaire battery on medication adherence, doctor-patient communication, HIV stigma, patient general self-efficacy, perceived social support, and on patient spirituality. Linear Regression was used to analyze the data. Results showed that doctor-patient communication (β = .38, 95% CI [0.09, 0.18], P <.001) and social support from significant others (β = .46, 95% CI [0.18, 0.67], P <.001) were positively associated with medication adherence in this sample. In contrast, HIV stigma (β = -.16, 95% CI [-0.58, -0.09], P <.01), patient spirituality (β = -.22, 95% CI [-0.44, -0.00], P <.05), and patient general self-efficacy (β = -.14, 95% CI [-0.17, -0.02], P <.01) were negatively associated with medication adherence. There is a need for educational interventions targeted at enhancing doctor-patient communication and social support while reducing stigma among PLHIV in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morrison Fosu
- Department of Psychology, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Kretchy IA, Boadu JA, Kretchy JP, Agyabeng K, Passah AA, Koduah A, Opuni KFM. Utilization of complementary and alternative medicine for the prevention of COVID-19 infection in Ghana: A national cross-sectional online survey. Prev Med Rep 2021; 24:101633. [PMID: 34777985 PMCID: PMC8575551 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2021.101633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2021] [Revised: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
82.5% of all participants reported CAM use during the COVID-19 pandemic period. 69.1% of CAM users intended it for COVID-19 infection prevention. Commonly used CAM include vitamins, spiritual healing/prayer, minerals and herbals. Age, sex and COVID-19 illness perception significantly predicted CAM use.
Complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use is widespread and has played critical roles in preventing infections, including previous coronaviruses. This study sought to document current practices in the use of CAM for the prevention of COVID-19 disease in Ghana. An anonymous electronic survey was conducted from February 1, 2021 to April 30, 2021. Data on demographic characteristics, basic clinical information, illness perceptions about COVID-19, and CAM use during the pandemic period were generated. While about 82.5% (986/1195) of the participants used CAM during the COVID-19 period, 69.1% (681/986) of CAM users intented it for COVID-19 infection prevention. Vitamin supplements (88.1%, 869/986), spiritual healing/prayer (23.3%, 230/986), mineral supplements (22.3%, 220/986), botanical/herbal medicines (22.2%, 219/986), and diet therapy (19.4%, 191/986) were the main types of CAM used. From the adjusted binary logistic regression model, current age (aOR: 1.03, 95%CI: 1.01–1.05), sex (aOR: 1.41, 95%CI: 1.02–1.95), participants’ perceptions of consequences (aOR: 1.10, 95%CI: 1.04–1.17), identity (aOR: 1.15, 95%CI: 1.06–1.25) and concerns about COVID-19 (aOR: 0.91, 95%CI: 0.85–0.97) were statistically significant predictors of CAM use. These results suggest the need for appropriate public health policy on COVID-19 and CAM use in addition to directing further research initiatives toward an optimized COVID-19 prevention scheme using clinically validated CAM treatments. Research to validate the clinical efficacy of these products, especially the herbs, for COVID-19 prevention while isolating lead compounds that could be optimized and used for the treatment and prevention of COVID-19 is also recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene A Kretchy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Joseph A Boadu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - James-Paul Kretchy
- Department of Physician Assistantship Studies, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Central University, Miotso, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kofi Agyabeng
- Department of Mathematics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Alfred A Passah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Augustina Koduah
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - Kwabena F M Opuni
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, University of Ghana, P.O. Box LG43, Legon, Accra, Ghana
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Anakwa NO, Teye‐Kwadjo E, Kretchy IA. Illness perceptions, social support and antiretroviral medication adherence in people living with HIV in the greater Accra region, Ghana. Nurs Open 2021; 8:2595-2604. [PMID: 33626226 PMCID: PMC8363381 DOI: 10.1002/nop2.797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Revised: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM To assess how illness perceptions and social support influence antiretroviral medication adherence in a HIV patient population in Ghana. DESIGN This study used a correlational research design with cross-sectional data. METHOD A total of 235 people living with HIV at two general hospitals in the Greater Accra Region of Ghana provided data on illness perceptions, social support and medication adherence. Hierarchical multiple regression test was used to analyse the data. RESULTS Illness perceptions' facets of timeline, personal control and treatment control were negatively associated with medication adherence, whereas emotional response was positively associated with adherence. Further, significant other support was negatively associated with adherence. Family and friend support were not associated with adherence. The findings offer preliminary evidence that illness perceptions may have utility for medication adherence in a HIV patient population in Ghana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nella O. Anakwa
- Department of PsychologySchool of Social SciencesUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana
| | - Enoch Teye‐Kwadjo
- Department of PsychologySchool of Social SciencesUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana
| | - Irene A. Kretchy
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Clinical PharmacySchool of PharmacyUniversity of GhanaLegonGhana
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