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Taylor J, Majeed T, Remond M, Bagade T, Edwards L, Austin K, Smith E, Howard M, Sullivan E. A rapid review of the evidence on models of service delivery for correctional centre-based mothers and children's units: does our approach need to change? BMJ Glob Health 2024; 9:e012979. [PMID: 38770813 PMCID: PMC11085710 DOI: 10.1136/bmjgh-2023-012979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incarcerated mothers are a marginalised group who experience substantial health and social disadvantage and routinely face disruption of family relationships, including loss of custody of their children. To support the parenting role, mothers and children's units (M&Cs) operate in 97 jurisdictions internationally with approximately 19 000 children reported to be residing with their mothers in custody-based settings. AIM This rapid review aims to describe the existing evidence regarding the models of service delivery for, and key components of, custodial M&Cs. METHOD A systematic search was conducted of four electronic databases to identify peer-reviewed literature published from 2010 onwards that reported quantitative and qualitative primary studies focused on custody-based M&Cs. Extracted data included unit components, admission and eligibility criteria, evaluations and recommendations. RESULTS Of 3075 records identified, 35 met inclusion criteria. M&Cs accommodation was purpose-built, incorporated elements of domestic life and offered a family-like environment. Specific workforce training in caring for children and M&Cs evaluations were largely absent. Our systematic synthesis generated a list of key components for M&C design and service delivery. These components include timely and transparent access to information and knowledge for women, evaluation of the impact of the prison environment on M&C, and organisational opportunities and limitations. CONCLUSION The next generation of M&Cs requires evidence-based key components that are implemented systematically and is evaluated. To achieve this, the use of codesign is a proven method for developing tailored programmes. Such units must offer a net benefit to both mothers and their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Taylor
- The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tazeen Majeed
- The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, New Lambton, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Marc Remond
- The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Tanmay Bagade
- The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Layla Edwards
- University of Technology, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kelly Austin
- Corrective Services New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Emma Smith
- Corrective Services New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Mark Howard
- Corrective Services New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Sullivan
- The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Matraville, New South Wales, Australia
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Taylor J, Majeed T, Remond M, Bagade T, Edwards L, Sullivan E. Are custodial-based mothers and children's units evaluated, effective and aligned with a human rights-based approach? - A systematic review of the evidence. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 69:102496. [PMID: 38384336 PMCID: PMC10878864 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2023] [Revised: 02/01/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Special considerations are warranted for incarcerated mothers and their children, as both experience substantial health and social disadvantage. Children residing in custodial settings are at risk of not having access to the equivalence of education, healthcare and socialisation commensurate to that of children living in the community. This systematic review describes the existing evidence regarding underpinning theories, accessibility, and the effectiveness of custody-based Mothers and children's units (M&Cs) globally. Methods A systematic database search was conducted on May 1, 2023, of PsycINFO, Scopus, Sociology Ultimate and Web of Science (January 1, 2010, and May 1, 2023). Findings Our systematic synthesis reveals evidence gaps related to best practice guidelines that align with a human right-based approach, and evaluations of the impact of the prison environment on mothers and their children. Interpretation These findings support re-design of M&Cs using co-design to develop units that are evidence-based, robustly evaluated, and underpinned by the 'best interest of the child'. Funding This systematic review was conducted as part of a broader review into M&C programs commissioned and funded by Corrective Services NSW, Australia (CSNSW), a division of the Department of Communities and Justice, as part of the NSW Premier's Priority to Reduce Recidivism within the Women as Parents workstream. No funding was received for this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo Taylor
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | | | - Marc Remond
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | | | - Layla Edwards
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, Australia
| | - Elizabeth Sullivan
- University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
- Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Sydney, Australia
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Doring N, Hwang YIJ, Akpanekpo E, Gullotta M, Ton B, Knight L, Knight C, Schofield P, Butler TG. Predicting attrition of men with a history of violence from randomised clinical trials. Trials 2023; 24:740. [PMID: 37978559 PMCID: PMC10657031 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07774-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Preventing dropout (attrition) from clinical trials is vital for improving study validity. Dropout is particularly important in justice-involved populations as they can be very challenging to engage and recruit in the first instance. This study identifies factors associated with dropout in a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised control trial of a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) aimed at reducing reoffending in highly impulsive men with histories of violent offending. Age, education, social support, psychiatric history, and length of previous incarceration were identified as factors that predict attrition. These findings are consistent with previous research examining variables associated with attrition in clinical trials for community and offender populations. We also explored referral source and treatment allocation as attrition predictors. Although neither significantly predicted attrition, we identified that there are discernible differences in the median time to attrition among the referral source subgroups. Understanding factors that predict treatment completion and attrition will allow researchers to identify participants for whom additional provisions may optimise retention and inform development of targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Doring
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Ye In Jane Hwang
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Emaediong Akpanekpo
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mathew Gullotta
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bianca Ton
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lee Knight
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Crosbi Knight
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Schofield
- The University of New Castle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
- Neuropsychiatry Service, Hunter New England Mental Health, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Tony Gerard Butler
- School of Population Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Kennedy P, Ratnaparkhi R, Lee J, Glenn JE, Kelly PJ, Kimminau KS, Assimonye S, Ramaswamy M. Case example of a jail-based cancer prevention clinical trial: Social determinants of health framework, novel experimental design, and retention strategies to facilitate long-term follow-up of clinical trial participants. J Clin Transl Sci 2023; 7:e163. [PMID: 37588675 PMCID: PMC10425866 DOI: 10.1017/cts.2023.561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical trials conducted with incarcerated populations are rare. We present a case example of one such jail-based cancer prevention clinical trial to demonstrate the importance of including a theory-driven approach to intervention framing, novel experimental designs to boost access to low-risk trials, and retention strategies for long-term follow-up of hard-to-reach populations. As such we offer a social determinant of health framework to ensure cancer prevention research is conducted through the lenses of health promotion and health equity. Deviations from the gold-standard randomized control design, transparent systematic allotment, and street-based outreach retention strategies contribute to the feasibility of conducting clinical trials in carceral settings and after people leave jail. Best practices presented can be used in design and conduct of future clinical trials with criminal legal system-involved populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Kennedy
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | | | - Jason E. Glenn
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Kim S. Kimminau
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | - Megha Ramaswamy
- University of Kansas School of Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
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Butler T, Schofield PW, Knight L, Ton B, Greenberg D, Scott RJ, Grant L, Keech AC, Gebski V, Jones J, Ellis A, Weatherburn D, Wilhelm K, Jones A, Churchill A, Allnutt S, Mitchell PB, Chappell D, D'Este C, Villa D, Carr V. Sertraline hydrochloride for reducing impulsive behaviour in male, repeat-violent offenders (ReINVEST): protocol for a phase IV, double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomised clinical trial. BMJ Open 2021; 11:e044656. [PMID: 34475139 PMCID: PMC8413868 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-044656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Considerable evidence supports an association between poor impulse control (impulsivity) and violent crime. Furthermore, impulsivity and aggression has been associated with reduced levels of serotonergic activity in the brain. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of anti-depressants that aim to regulate brain serotonin concentrations. Several small studies in psychiatric populations have administered SSRIs to impulsive--aggressive individuals, resulting in reduced impulsivity, anger, aggression and depression. However, no clinical trial has been undertaken in a criminal justice population. This protocol describes the design and implementation of the first systematic study of the potential benefits of SSRIs in impulsive---violent offenders who are at high risk of reoffending. METHODS AND ANALYSIS A randomised, double-blinded, multicentre trial to test the clinical efficacy of an SSRI, sertraline hydrochloride, compared with placebo on recidivism and behavioural measures (including impulsivity, anger, aggression, depression and self-reported offending) over 12 months. 460 participants with histories of violence and screening positive for impulsivity are recruited at several local courts and correctional service offices in New South Wales, Australia. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Results will be submitted for publication in a peer-reviewed journal. Possible implications of the effectiveness of this pharmacological intervention include economic benefits of reducing prison costs and societal benefits of improving safety. This study has received ethical approval from the University of New South Wales, Aboriginal Health & Medical Research Council, Corrective Services NSW and the NSW Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ACTRN12613000442707.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tony Butler
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Peter W Schofield
- The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Neuropsychiatry Service, Hunter New England Mental Health, Newcastle, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lee Knight
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Matraville, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Bianca Ton
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - David Greenberg
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Matraville, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rodney J Scott
- The University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Luke Grant
- Corrective Services New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anthony C Keech
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Val Gebski
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Camperdown, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jocelyn Jones
- National Drug Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew Ellis
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Justice Health and Forensic Mental Health Network, Matraville, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Kay Wilhelm
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alison Jones
- Fiona Stanley and Fremantle Hospitals Group, South Metropolitan Health Service, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Alison Churchill
- Community Restorative Centre, Canterbury, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Stephen Allnutt
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Private practice psychiatrist, Lindfield, New South Wales, Australia
| | | | - Duncan Chappell
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine D'Este
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
| | | | - Vaughan Carr
- University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
- Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
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Chandra D, Bazazi AR, Nahaboo Solim MA, Kamarulzaman A, Altice FL, Culbert GJ. Retention in clinical trials after prison release: results from a clinical trial with incarcerated men with HIV and opioid dependence in Malaysia. HIV Res Clin Pract 2019; 20:12-23. [PMID: 31303149 PMCID: PMC6698147 DOI: 10.1080/15284336.2019.1603433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: Study retention is a major challenge in HIV clinical trials conducted with persons recruited from correctional facilities. Objective: To examine study retention in a trial of within-prison methadone initiation and a behavioral intervention among incarcerated men with HIV and opioid dependence in Malaysia. Methods: In this 2x2 factorial trial, 296 incarcerated men with HIV and opioid dependence were allocated to (1) an HIV risk reduction intervention, the Holistic Health Recovery Program for Malaysia (HHRP-M), (2) pre-release methadone initiation, (3) both interventions, or (4) standard care (NCT02396979). Here we estimate effects of these interventions on linkage to the study after prison release and completion of post-release study visits. Results: Most participants (68.9%) completed at least one post-release study visit but few (18.6%) completed all 12. HHRP-M was associated with a 13.5% (95% confidence interval (CI): 3.8%, 23.2%) increased probability of completing at least one post-release study visit. Although not associated with initial linkage, methadone treatment was associated with an 11% (95% CI: 2.0%, 20.6%) increased probability of completing all twelve post-release study visits. Being subject to forced relocation outside Kuala Lumpur after prison release decreased retention by 43.3% (95% CI: -51.9%, -34.8%). Conclusion: Retaining study participants in HIV clinical trials following prison release is challenging and potentially related to the broader challenges that participants experience during community reentry. Researchers conducting clinical trials with this population may want to consider methadone and HHRP as means to improve post-release retention, even in clinical trials where these interventions are not being directly evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Chandra
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, 135 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
| | - Alexander R. Bazazi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Adeeba Kamarulzaman
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, 135 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Frederick L. Altice
- Yale School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, AIDS Program, 135 College Street, New Haven, CT 06510, USA
- Centre of Excellence for Research in AIDS (CERiA), University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Epidemiology of Microbial Diseases, Yale University School of Public Health, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gabriel J. Culbert
- Health Systems Science, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Nursing, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for HIV/AIDS Nursing Research, Universitas Indonesia, Faculty of Nursing, Depok, Indonesia
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An Alternative to Mother and Infants Behind Bars: How One Prison Nursery Program Impacted Attachment and Nurturing for Mothers Who Gave Birth While Incarcerated. J Perinat Neonatal Nurs 2019; 33:116-125. [PMID: 31021936 DOI: 10.1097/jpn.0000000000000398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The number of women in United States prisons has increased, with the most rapid growth among women of childbearing age. Detrimental effects on maternal-infant attachment have been shown to exist when mothers and infants are separated at birth. The purpose of this exploratory study was to examine the impact of an out-of-prison nursery program, Baby and Mother Bonding Initiative (BAMBI), on maternal-infant attachment and nurturing competencies among women who gave birth while incarcerated. A sample of 41 participants was recruited through a "Closed" BAMBI Alumni Facebook page and nonprobability snowball sampling. Participants were surveyed, and responses were submitted online or via mail. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, correlation coefficients, multiple regression, and logistic regression. Results indicated that the number of children living in the mother's household was a significant predictor of positive maternal nurturance. Inversely, the high number of children in the household was the most significant predictor of increased risk for infants to have insecure attachment to mothers. As the number of women giving birth in prisons continues to trend upward, the need for more programs to promote best outcomes for both mother and infants is crucial.
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Quinn C, Byng R, Shenton D, Smart C, Michie S, Stewart A, Taylor R, Maguire M, Harris T, Shaw J. The feasibility of following up prisoners, with mental health problems, after release: a pilot trial employing an innovative system, for engagement and retention in research, with a harder-to-engage population. Trials 2018; 19:530. [PMID: 30285825 PMCID: PMC6167907 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-018-2911-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Following up released prisoners is demanding, particularly for those prisoners with mental health problems, for whom stigma and chaotic lifestyles are problematic. Measurement of mental health outcomes after release is challenging. To evaluate mental healthcare for offender populations, using high-quality randomised controlled trials, evidenced-based methods must be developed to engage them while in custody, to locate and re-interview them after release, and to collect potentially stigmatising mental health outcomes data. Methods We developed an initial theoretical model and operational procedures for collecting baseline and follow-up data informed by a literature search, focus groups, and case studies. Male prisoners from five prisons in two sites were invited to participate. The inclusion criteria included individuals who were above threshold on nine-item Patient Health Questionnaire, seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder, or post-traumatic stress disorder scales, or who had reported mental health problems in the past 2 years or had been assessed with a likely personality disorder. Potential participants were interviewed to generate baseline data and were re-contacted before their release. We then contacted them for a follow-up interview, which included repeating the earlier data collection measures 2–8 weeks after release. A qualitative formative process evaluation produced and refined a model procedure for the recruitment and retention of male prison leavers in trials, identified the mechanisms which promoted engagement and retention, and mapped these against a theoretical behaviour change model. Results We developed a flexible procedure which was successful in recruiting male prison leavers to a pilot trial: 185/243 (76%, 95% confidence interval (CI) 70–81%) of those approached agreed to participate. We also retained 63% (95% CI 54–71%) of those eligible to participate in a follow-up interview 2–8 weeks after release. Mental health outcomes data was collected at both these time points. Conclusions It is possible to design acceptable procedures to achieve sustained engagement critical for delivering and evaluating interventions in prison and in the community and to collect mental health outcomes data. These procedures may reduce attrition bias in future randomised controlled trials of mental health interventions for prison leavers. This procedure has been replicated and successfully delivered in a subsequent pilot trial and a definitive randomised controlled trial. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13063-018-2911-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cath Quinn
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK.
| | - Richard Byng
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Deborah Shenton
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Cordet Smart
- Plymouth University, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Susan Michie
- University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Amy Stewart
- Plymouth University Peninsula Schools of Medicine and Dentistry, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, UK
| | - Rod Taylor
- University of Exeter Medical School, St Luke's Campus, Exeter, EX1 2LU, UK
| | - Mike Maguire
- University of South Wales, Pontypridd, CF37 1DL, UK
| | | | - Jenny Shaw
- The University of Manchester, Oxford Rd, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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Fogel CI, Crandell JL, Neevel AM, Parker SD, Carry M, White BL, Fasula AM, Herbst JH, Gelaude DJ. Efficacy of an adapted HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevention intervention for incarcerated women: a randomized controlled trial. Am J Public Health 2014; 105:802-9. [PMID: 25211714 DOI: 10.2105/ajph.2014.302105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We tested the efficacy of an adapted evidence-based HIV-sexually transmitted infection (STI) behavioral intervention (Providing Opportunities for Women's Empowerment, Risk-Reduction, and Relationships, or POWER) among incarcerated women. METHODS We conducted a randomized trial with 521 women aged 18 to 60 years in 2 correctional facilities in North Carolina in 2010 and 2011. Intervention participants attended 8 POWER sessions; control participants received a single standard-of-care STI prevention session. We followed up at 3 and 6 months after release. We examined intervention efficacy with mixed-effects models. RESULTS POWER participants reported fewer male sexual partners than did control participants at 3 months, although this finding did not reach statistical significance; at 6 months they reported significantly less vaginal intercourse without a condom outside of a monogamous relationship and more condom use with a main male partner. POWER participants also reported significantly fewer condom barriers, and greater HIV knowledge, health-protective communication, and tangible social support. The intervention had no significant effects on incident STIs. CONCLUSIONS POWER is a behavioral intervention with potential to reduce risk of acquiring or transmitting HIV and STIs among incarcerated women returning to their communities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine I Fogel
- Catherine I. Fogel, Jamie L. Crandell, A. M. Neevel, and Sharon D. Parker are with the School of Nursing, and Becky L. White is with the Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (UNC). Monique Carry, Amy M. Fasula, Jeffrey H. Herbst, and Deborah J. Gelaude are with the Prevention Research Branch, Division of HIV/AIDS Prevention, National Center for HIV/AIDS, Viral Hepatitis, STD, and TB Prevention, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, GA
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Byrne MW, Goshin L, Blanchard-Lewis B. Maternal Separations During the Reentry Years for 100 Infants Raised in a Prison Nursery. FAMILY COURT REVIEW 2012; 50:77-90. [PMID: 22328865 PMCID: PMC3275801 DOI: 10.1111/j.1744-1617.2011.01430.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Prison nurseries prevent maternal separations related to incarceration for the small subset of children whose pregnant mothers are incarcerated in states with such programs. For a cohort of 100 children accepted by corrections into one prison nursery, subsequent separation patterns are analyzed. The largest numbers are caused by corrections' removal of infants from the nursery and infants reaching a one-year age limit. Criminal recidivism and substance abuse relapse threaten continued mothering during reentry. Focused and coordinated services are needed during prison stay and reentry years to sustain mothering for women and children accepted into prison nursery programs.
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