1
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Cao C, Ji S, Jiang Y, Su J, Xia H, Li H, Tian C, Wong YJ, Feng X, Chen X. Mitigating the Overheat of Stretchable Electronic Devices Via High-Enthalpy Thermal Dissipation of Hydrogel Encapsulation. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2401875. [PMID: 38598692 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202401875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
The practical application of flexible and stretchable electronics is significantly influenced by their thermal and chemical stability. Elastomer substrates and encapsulation, due to their soft polymer chains and high surface-area-to-volume ratio, are particularly susceptible to high temperatures and flame. Excessive heat poses a severe threat of damage and decomposition to these elastomers. By leveraging water as a high enthalpy dissipating agent, here, a hydrogel encapsulation strategy is proposed to enhance the flame retardancy and thermal stability of stretchable electronics. The hydrogel-based encapsulation provides thermal protection against flames for more than 10 s through the evaporation of water. Further, the stretchability and functions automatically recover by absorbing air moisture. The incorporation of hydrogel encapsulation enables stretchable electronics to maintain their functions and perform complex tasks, such as fire saving in soft robotics and integrated electronics sensing. With high enthalpy heat dissipation, encapsulated soft electronic devices are effectively shielded and retain their full functionality. This strategy offers a universal method for flame retardant encapsulation of stretchable electronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Cao
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Shaobo Ji
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Functional Nano & Soft Materials (FUNSOM), Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Carbon-Based Functional Materials & Devices, Soochow University, Suzhou, 215123, China
| | - Ying Jiang
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Jiangtao Su
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Huarong Xia
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
| | - Haicheng Li
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Changhao Tian
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Yi Jing Wong
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering (IMRE), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), 2 Fusionopolis Way, #08-03 Innovis, Singapore, 138634, Singapore
| | - Xue Feng
- Institute of Flexible Electronics Technology of THU, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, 314000, China
- Laboratory of Flexible Electronics Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
- AML, Department of Engineering Mechanics, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Xiaodong Chen
- Innovative Center for Flexible Devices (iFLEX), Max Planck-NTU Joint Laboratory for Artificial Senses, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
- Institute for Digital Molecular Analytics and Science (IDMxS), Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, 639798, Singapore
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2
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Öhrn O, Sykam K, Gawusu S, Mensah RA, Försth M, Shanmugam V, Karthik Babu NB, Sas G, Jiang L, Xu Q, Restás Á, Das O. Surface coated ZnO powder as flame retardant for wood: A short communication. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 897:165290. [PMID: 37406703 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.165290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/01/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the ability of a coating of zinc oxide (ZnO) powder to improve the fire-safety of wood exposed to radiative heat flux was examined, focusing on the ignition time of the wood. To test ZnO's efficiency on the wood substrate, two different amounts of ZnO (0.5 and 1 g ZnO per dm2) were applied to the wood surface and exposed to radiative heat from a cone calorimeter wherein a pristine piece of wood with no ZnO treatment was taken as control. The experiments were conducted at three different irradiation levels i.e., 20, 35, and 50 kWm-2. The results showed that applying ZnO on the surface of the wood significantly increased the ignition time (TTI). For the three different heat fluxes, using 0.5 g ZnO per dm2 coating on the wood surface increased the TTI by 26-33 %. Furthermore, the application of 1 g of ZnO per dm2 generated a TTI increment of 37-40 %. All three irradiation levels showed similar trends in TTI. The micrographs taken before and after combustion showed no significant disparity in the morphology of ZnO. The agglomerated ZnO particles on the wood surface remained intact after combustion. This study demonstrates a facile method of using ZnO to delay the ignition of wood. This could potentially impart fire-safety to wooden structures/façades in wildland-urban interfaces and elsewhere by reducing flame spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olina Öhrn
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - Kesavarao Sykam
- Polymers & Functional Materials Division, Indian Institute of Chemical Technology, Uppal Road, Tarnaka, Hyderabad 500007, Telangana, India
| | - Sidique Gawusu
- Whiting School of Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, United States
| | - Rhoda Afriyie Mensah
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - Michael Försth
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - Vigneshwaran Shanmugam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Chennai 602 105, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - N B Karthik Babu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Assam Energy Institute, A Centre of Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology, Sivasagar 785697, India
| | - Gabriel Sas
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden
| | - Lin Jiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Qiang Xu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
| | - Ágoston Restás
- Department of Fire Protection and Rescue Control, National University of Public Service, 1011, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Oisik Das
- Structural and Fire Engineering Division, Department of Civil, Environmental and Natural Resources Engineering, Luleå University of Technology, Luleå 97187, Sweden.
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Li J, Zhao H, Liu H, Sun J, Wu J, Liu Q, Zheng Y, Zheng P. Recent advances in metal-family flame retardants: a review. RSC Adv 2023; 13:22639-22662. [PMID: 37502822 PMCID: PMC10369043 DOI: 10.1039/d3ra03536k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of polymer materials is inextricably linked to our manufacturing life. However, most of them are easily combusted in the air and the combustion process generates a large amount of toxic fumes and dangerous smoke. This can result in injuries and property damage, as well as limiting their use. It is essential to enhance the flame-retardant properties and smoke suppression performance by using multiple flame retardants. Metal-based flame retardants have a unique chemical composition. They are environmentally friendly flame retardants, which can impart good smoke suppression, flame retardancy to polymers and further reduce the production of toxic gases. The differences in the compounds formed between the transition metals and the main group metals make them act differently as flame retardants for polymers. As a result, this study presents the research progress and flame-retardant mechanism of flame-retardant polymers for flame retardants from different groups of metals in the periodic table of elements in a systematic manner. In view of the differences between the main group metals and transition metals, the mechanism of their application in flame retardant polymer materials is carefully detailed, as are their distinct advantages and disadvantages. And ultimately, prospects for the development of transition metals and main group metals are outlined. It is hoped that this paper will provide valuable references and insights for scholars in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junwei Li
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
| | - Haihan Zhao
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
| | - Huaiyin Liu
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
| | - Jichang Sun
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
| | - Jing Wu
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
| | - Quanyi Liu
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
| | - Yun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices, Ministry of Education, Jianghan University Wuhan 430056 P. R. China
| | - Penglun Zheng
- College of Civil Aviation Safety Engineering, Civil Aviation Flight University of China Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
- Civil Aircraft Fire Science and Safety Engineering Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province Guanghan 618307 P. R. China
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4
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Fire behavior and transparent properties of polyvinyl chloride film with different plasticized systems. JOURNAL OF POLYMER RESEARCH 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s10965-022-03371-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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5
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Liu BW, Zhao HB, Wang YZ. Advanced Flame-Retardant Methods for Polymeric Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2107905. [PMID: 34837231 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202107905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 55.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Most organic polymeric materials have high flammability, for which the large amounts of smoke, toxic gases, heat, and melt drips produced during their burning cause immeasurable damages to human life and property every year. Despite some desirable results having been achieved by conventional flame-retardant methods, their application is encountering more and more difficulties with the ever-increasing high flame-retardant requirements such as high flame-retardant efficiency, great persistence, low release of heat, smoke, and toxic gases, and more importantly not deteriorating or even enhancing the overall properties of polymers. Under such condition, some advanced flame-retardant methods have been developed in the past years based on "all-in-one" intumescence, nanotechnology, in situ reinforcement, intrinsic char formation, plasma treatment, biomimetic coatings, etc., which have provided potential solutions to the dilemma of conventional flame-retardant methods. This review briefly outlines the development, application, and problems of conventional flame-retardant methods, including bulk-additive, bulk-copolymerization, and surface treatment, and focuses on the raise, development, and potential application of advanced flame-retardant methods. The future development of flame-retardant methods is further discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo-Wen Liu
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Hai-Bo Zhao
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yu-Zhong Wang
- The Collaborative Innovation Center for Eco-Friendly and Fire-Safety Polymeric Materials (MoE), National Engineering Laboratory of Eco-Friendly Polymeric Materials (Sichuan), State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
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6
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Diao W, Wang K, Jiao E, Yang H, Li Z, Wu K, Shi J. Excellent flame retardancy and air stability through surface coordination of few‐layer black phosphorus with
TiL
4
in epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjie Diao
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanxiong People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Kunxin Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanxiong People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Enxiang Jiao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shandong University of Technology Zibo People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Yang
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanxiong People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Zhao Li
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Organic Polymer Materials for Electronics Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CAS Engineering Laboratory for Special Fine Chemicals Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- CASH GCC Shaoguan Research Institute of Advanced Materials Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanxiong People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Kun Wu
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Shi
- Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou People's Republic of China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing People's Republic of China
- New Materials Research Institute of CASCHEM (Chongqing) Co., Ltd Guangzhou Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences Chongqing People's Republic of China
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7
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Shen R, Quan Y, Zhang Z, Ma R, Wang Q. Metal–Organic Framework as an Efficient Synergist for Intumescent Flame Retardants against Highly Flammable Polypropylene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.2c00715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruiqing Shen
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Yufeng Quan
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Zhuoran Zhang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Rong Ma
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
| | - Qingsheng Wang
- Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843-3122, United States
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8
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Tian Y, Gong C, Zhou H, Jiang Z, Wang X, Tang L, Cao K. Halogen‐free intumescent flame retardancy and mechanical properties of the microcellular polypropylene with low expansion ratio via continuous extrusion assisted by subcritical
CO
2
. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yichen Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Changjing Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Hongfu Zhou
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Ziyin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
| | - Xiangdong Wang
- School of Materials and Mechanical Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
| | - Longcheng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology of Ministry of Education Hangzhou Normal University Hangzhou China
| | - Kun Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical and Biological Engineering Zhejiang University Hangzhou China
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9
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Chen J, Rong L, Fang W, Liu J, Liu X. Highly efficient intumescent flame retardant coating for
ABS
: Preparation and application. J Appl Polym Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/app.51860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jia Chen
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Flexible Display Materials and Technology Co‐innovation Center of Hubei Province Jianghan University Wuhan China
| | - Li Rong
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Flexible Display Materials and Technology Co‐innovation Center of Hubei Province Jianghan University Wuhan China
| | - Wei Fang
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Flexible Display Materials and Technology Co‐innovation Center of Hubei Province Jianghan University Wuhan China
| | - Jiyan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Flexible Display Materials and Technology Co‐innovation Center of Hubei Province Jianghan University Wuhan China
| | - Xueqing Liu
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Chemical Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, Flexible Display Materials and Technology Co‐innovation Center of Hubei Province Jianghan University Wuhan China
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10
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Liang J, Yang W, Yuen ACY, Long H, Qiu S, De Cachinho Cordeiro IM, Wang W, Chen TBY, Hu Y, Yeoh GH. Peanut Shell Derived Carbon Combined with Nano Cobalt: An Effective Flame Retardant for Epoxy Resin. Molecules 2021; 26:6662. [PMID: 34771069 PMCID: PMC8586977 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26216662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomass-derived carbon has been recognised as a green, economic and promising flame retardant (FR) for polymer matrix. In this paper, it is considered that the two-dimensional (2D) structure of carbonised peanut shells (PS) can lead to a physical barrier effect on polymers. The carbonised sample was prepared by the three facile methods, and firstly adopted as flame retardants for epoxy resin. The results of thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and cone calorimeter tests indicate that the carbon combined with nano Cobalt provides the most outstanding thermal stability in the current study. With 3 wt.% addition of the FR, both peak heat release rate (pHRR) and peak smoke production rate (PSPR) decrease by 37.9% and 33.3%, correspondingly. The flame retardancy mechanisms of the FR are further explored by XPS and TG-FTIR. The effectiveness of carbonised PS can be mainly attributed to the physical barrier effect derived by PS's 2D structure and the catalysis effect from Cobalt, which contribute to form a dense char layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Liang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (J.L.); (I.M.D.C.C.); (W.W.); (T.B.Y.C.); (G.H.Y.)
| | - Wenhao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China; (W.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Anthony Chun Yin Yuen
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (J.L.); (I.M.D.C.C.); (W.W.); (T.B.Y.C.); (G.H.Y.)
| | - Hu Long
- School of Mechanical Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China;
| | - Shuilai Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China; (W.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Ivan Miguel De Cachinho Cordeiro
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (J.L.); (I.M.D.C.C.); (W.W.); (T.B.Y.C.); (G.H.Y.)
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (J.L.); (I.M.D.C.C.); (W.W.); (T.B.Y.C.); (G.H.Y.)
| | - Timothy Bo Yuan Chen
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (J.L.); (I.M.D.C.C.); (W.W.); (T.B.Y.C.); (G.H.Y.)
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei 230026, China; (W.Y.); (Y.H.)
| | - Guan Heng Yeoh
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia; (J.L.); (I.M.D.C.C.); (W.W.); (T.B.Y.C.); (G.H.Y.)
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11
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Chen Y, He J, Xu L, Xu B, Qian L. Mechanical properties and flame retardancy of PLA composites containing zinc oxide and chain extender. J Appl Polym Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/app.50987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yajun Chen
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation Beijing China
| | - Jingxiu He
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation Beijing China
| | - Lifeng Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation Beijing China
| | - Bo Xu
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation Beijing China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Chemistry and Materials Engineering Beijing Technology and Business University Beijing China
- China Light Industry Engineering Technology Research Center of Advanced Flame Retardants Beijing China
- Petroleum and Chemical Industry Engineering Laboratory of Non‐halogen Flame Retardants for Polymers, China Petroleum and Chemical Industry Federation Beijing China
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12
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Ilyas RA, Sapuan SM, Asyraf MRM, Dayana DAZN, Amelia JJN, Rani MSA, Norrrahim MNF, Nurazzi NM, Aisyah HA, Sharma S, Ishak MR, Rafidah M, Razman MR. Polymer Composites Filled with Metal Derivatives: A Review of Flame Retardants. Polymers (Basel) 2021; 13:1701. [PMID: 34070960 PMCID: PMC8196982 DOI: 10.3390/polym13111701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer composites filled with metal derivatives have been widely used in recent years, particularly as flame retardants, due to their superior characteristics, including high thermal behavior, low environmental degradation, and good fire resistance. The hybridization of metal and polymer composites produces various favorable properties, making them ideal materials for various advanced applications. The fire resistance performance of polymer composites can be enhanced by increasing the combustion capability of composite materials through the inclusion of metallic fireproof materials to protect the composites. The final properties of the metal-filled thermoplastic composites depend on several factors, including pore shape and distribution and morphology of metal particles. For example, fire safety equipment uses polyester thermoplastic and antimony sources with halogenated additives. The use of metals as additives in composites has captured the attention of researchers worldwide due to safety concern in consideration of people's life and public properties. This review establishes the state-of-art flame resistance properties of metals/polymer composites for numerous industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. A. Ilyas
- School of Chemical and Energy Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
- Centre for Advanced Composite Materials (CACM), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Johor Bahru 81310, Johor, Malaysia
| | - S. M. Sapuan
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (D.A.Z.N.D.); (J.J.N.A.)
| | - M. R. M. Asyraf
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.R.M.A.); (M.R.I.)
| | - D. A. Z. N. Dayana
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (D.A.Z.N.D.); (J.J.N.A.)
| | - J. J. N. Amelia
- Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites (AEMC), Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (D.A.Z.N.D.); (J.J.N.A.)
| | - M. S. A. Rani
- Solar Energy Research Institute (SERI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia;
- Centre for Tropicalisation, National Defence University of Malaysia, Kem Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Nor Faiz Norrrahim
- Research Center for Chemical Defence, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - N. M. Nurazzi
- Centre for Defence Foundation Studies, Universiti Pertahanan Nasional Malaysia (UPNM), Kem Perdana Sungai Besi, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - H. A. Aisyah
- Laboratory of Biocomposite Technology, Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products (INTROP), Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - Shubham Sharma
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Main Campus, IK Gujral Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala 144603, India; or
| | - M. R. Ishak
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia; (M.R.M.A.); (M.R.I.)
| | - M. Rafidah
- Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Serdang 43400, Selangor, Malaysia;
| | - M. R. Razman
- Research Centre for Sustainability Science and Governance (SGK), Institute for Environment and Development (LESTARI), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
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13
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Peng H, Yang Q. Investigation on the effect of supported synergistic catalyst with intumescent flame retardant in polypropylene. JOURNAL OF POLYMER ENGINEERING 2021. [DOI: 10.1515/polyeng-2020-0225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this paper, cerium nitrate supported silica was prepared as a new type of catalytic synergist to improve the flame retardancy in polypropylene. When 1% of Ce(NO3)2 supported SiO2 was added, the vertical combustion performance of UL-94 of polypropylene composites was improved to V-0, the limiting oxygen index (LOI) was increased to 33.5. From the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), the residual carbon of C and D was increased by about 6% at high temperature compared with B. When adding supported catalyst, the heat release rate (HRR) and total heat release (THR) were significantly reduced according to the microscale combustion calorimetry (MCC), the HRR of sample E with 2% synergist was the lowest. The combustion behaviors of intumescent flame retardant sample B and sample D were analyzed by cone calorimeter test (CCT), the HRR of sample D with supported synergist was significantly reduced, and the PHRR decreased from 323 kW/m2 to 264 kW/m2. The morphologies of the residue chars after vertical combustion of polypropylene composites observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) gave positive evidence that the supported synergist could catalyze the decomposition of intumescent flame retardants into carbon, which was the main reason for improving the flame retardancy of materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Peng
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, The State Key Laboratory for Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610000 , Sichuan , China
- Chengdu Textile College , Chengdu , China
| | - Qi Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, The State Key Laboratory for Polymer Materials Engineering, Sichuan University , Chengdu 610000 , Sichuan , China
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14
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Preparation and Synergistic Effect of Chitosan/Sodium Phytate/MgO Nanoparticle Fire-Retardant Coatings on Wood Substrate through Layer-By-Layer Self-Assembly. COATINGS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings10090848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fire-retardant chitosan/sodium phytate/MgO nanoparticle (CH/SP/nano-MgO) coatings were loaded on a wood substrate via electrostatic layer-by-layer self-assembly and characterized by scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry. The flammability and thermal degradation of the original wood and wood samples treated with chitosan, chitosan/sodium phytate, chitosan/sodium phytate/MgO nanoparticles were studied by limiting oxygen index (LOI), exposure combustion experiments and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), respectively. The CH/SP/nano-MgO coating served as an intumescent fire-retardant system that created a physical protection cover and exhibited the best fire retardant performance. The LOI value was 30.2% and required approximately 16–17 s to self-extinguish when exposed to air. The TGA curves also showed that char formation protected the wood from combustion.
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15
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Zhang K, Wu H, Wu R, Yang G, Wang T, Xie J, Qu H. Effect of Ni
2+
chelated to the surface of
PBFA
on the charring flame retardant and smoke suppression properties of epoxy resin. POLYM ENG SCI 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.25492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kailun Zhang
- The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Hongjuan Wu
- Department of Basic Courses Agriculture University of Hebei Huanghua China
| | - Ruifang Wu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Guang Yang
- The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Tian Wang
- The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Jixing Xie
- The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding China
| | - Hongqiang Qu
- The Flame Retardant Material and Processing Technology Engineering Research Center of Hebei Province, College of Chemistry and Environmental Science Hebei University Baoding China
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16
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Li Y, Li X, Pan YT, Xu X, Song Y, Yang R. Mitigation the release of toxic PH 3 and the fire hazard of PA6/AHP composite by MOFs. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2020; 395:122604. [PMID: 32298947 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.122604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Aluminum hypophosphite (AHP) is a high-efficiency phosphorus-based flame retardant with high P content, which is widely used in Polyamide 6 (PA6). However, AHP releases phosphine gas (PH3) at high temperatures, which is highly toxic to human's health and environment. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have porous structure exhibiting high performance in gas adsorption. Therefore, mesoporous iron (III) carboxylate [MIL-100 (Fe)] was synthesized in this work and employed to study the adsorption capacity of toxic PH3 in PA6/AHP composite during processing. AHP was combined with melamine cyanurate (MCA) and MIL-100 (Fe) followed by blending with PA6 to prepare PA6 composites (PA6/MA and PA6/MAF). PA6/MAF with the weight ratio of 5:5 performed well in inhibiting the release of PH3 during the processing of composite as well as the accelerated thermal experiment devised by our group. Besides, PA6/MAF (5:5) showed relatively low fire hazard reflected by the reduction of the peak of heat release rate of PA6 composite from 962 to 260 kW/m2 compared with that of pure PA6 in the cone calorimeter test, and MIL-100 (Fe) along with MCA also presented synergistic effect in suppressing the emission of carbon monoxide. The subtle selection of MOFs herein has the potential to be used as a promising synergist for hazardous gases released from polymer composites to improve the occupational and fire safety in the society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, China; National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiangmei Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, China; National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Ye-Tang Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, China; National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China.
| | - Xingyan Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, China
| | - Yunze Song
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, China
| | - Rongjie Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, 100081, China; National Engineering Research Center of Flame Retardant Materials, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China
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17
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The effect of metal oxide on the cure, morphology, thermal and mechanical characteristics of chloroprene and butadiene rubber blends. Polym Bull (Berl) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-019-02964-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper discusses the role of metal oxides (MeO) in the cross-linking process and useful properties of chloroprene and butadiene rubber (CR/BR) blends. Iron(III) oxide (Fe2O3), iron(II,III) oxide (Fe3O4), silver(I) oxide (Ag2O) or zinc oxide were used. It has found that every proposed metal oxide can be used as a cross-linking agent of the CR/BR blends. The degree of cross-linking was evaluated by means of vulcametric parameters, equilibrium swelling in selected solvents and Mooney–Rivlin elasticity constants. The properties of the cured CR/BR products, such as tensile strength, stress at elongation, tension set under constant elongation and compression set, were also investigated. The results revealed that all CR/BR/MeO vulcanizates were characterized by a high cross-linking degree and satisfying mechanical properties. The most important advantage of obtained rubber goods is very high resistance to flame. The increase in the oxygen index value for the CR/BR/Fe2O3, CR/BR/Fe3O4 and CR/BR/Ag2O vulcanizates compared to the standard cross-linked chloroprene rubber showed that presented metal oxides provided a positive effect on the resistance to flame of the new CR/BR/MeO composites. Satisfactory properties of the studied blends are related to the presence of the interelastomer bonding of both rubbers in the compositions.
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18
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Cheng J, Ma D, Li S, Qu W, Wang D. Preparation of Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks and Their Application as Flame Retardant and Smoke Suppression Agent for Rigid Polyurethane Foams. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:polym12020347. [PMID: 32033455 PMCID: PMC7077485 DOI: 10.3390/polym12020347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to reduce the fire risk of rigid polyurethane foams (RPUF), three kinds of zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) were prepared. The results of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that ZIFs were successfully prepared. The combustion test results showed that the heat and smoke production of the composite containing ZIFs was obviously reduced. In particular, the peak heat release rate (PHRR) of ZIF-8/RPUF decreased from 740.85 kW/m2 (Ref. RPUF) to 489.56 kW/m2, while the PHRR of ZIF-7/RPUF and ZIF-11/RPUF is 598.39 and 583.36 kW/m2, respectively. The addition of ZIFs improved the thermostability of the composite. The T50% of ZIF-8/RPUF, ZIF-7/RPUF and ZIF-11/RPUF increased to 364, 382 and 380 °C, respectively. The maximum light absorption of ZIF-7/RPUF and ZIF-11/RPUF was about 88%, which is higher than that of ZIF-8/RPUF (75%). The results of Raman spectroscopy showed that the ID/IG value of Ref. RPUF is 2.96, while the ID/IG value of ZIFs/RPUF reduces to less than 2.80. The main mechanism of ZIFs for reducing the fire risk of RPUF was the catalysis and incarbonization of ZIFs during combustion based on the results of thermogravimetric analysis and Raman spectroscopy of char residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaji Cheng
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (D.M.)
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced Coating, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Dan Ma
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (D.M.)
| | - Shaoxiang Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (D.M.)
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced Coating, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- Correspondence: (J.C.); (S.L.)
| | - Wenjuan Qu
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (D.M.)
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced Coating, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Dong Wang
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China; (D.M.)
- Shandong Engineering Research Center for Marine Environment Corrosion and Safety Protection, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
- Shandong Engineering Technology Research Center for Advanced Coating, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
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19
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Ma L, Liu Y, Li J, Jin N, Li C, Zhou X, Ma J. A new way for lead-boron resin composite modification: SiO 2 coated lead powders by a sol-gel method. RSC Adv 2019; 9:30752-30759. [PMID: 35529396 PMCID: PMC9072191 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra05913j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 09/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to improve the composition distribution and flame retardancy of composites, the effects of silicon dioxide (SiO2) coatings with different contents on physical properties of lead (Pb) powders and composites were investigated in this research. SiO2 coated Pb powders (SiO2@Pb) with contents of 0, 0.237, 0.486, 0.683, 0.967 wt% were synthesized by a sol-gel method, then mixed with boron carbide (B4C) powders and boron phenolic resins (BPRs) to prepare SiO2@Pb/B4C/BPRs composites by molding. SiO2 coating on the surface of Pb powders in flakes or islands increases the specific surface area and oxidation temperature of the SiO2@Pb powders. For the SiO2@Pb/B4C/BPRs composites, the composition uniformity of composites is improved due to the reduction of the true density difference value between fillers (Pb, B4C), which is beneficial for the physical properties of the composites. Furthermore, the mechanical properties and thermal conductivity increase with the addition of SiO2 content, achieving a maximum value at 0.237 wt%, and then decrease gradually with a further increase of SiO2 content. Moreover, SiO2 coatings improve the limit oxygen index (LOI) of the composites and reduce the cracks of composites after burning. Composites with the SiO2 content of 0.486 wt% have optimal comprehensive physical properties, where the tensile strength, bending strength, impact toughness are 42.5 MPa, 72.4 MPa, 6.5 kJ m-2, respectively and the LOI is 41.8%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingcheng Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Materials and Technology Ministry of Education Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Materials and Technology Ministry of Education Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Na Jin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Special Materials and Technology Ministry of Education Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Cheng Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Xue Zhou
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
| | - Jiaxu Ma
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 P. R. China
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20
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Hu D, Zhou Q, Zhou K. Combined effects of layered nanofillers and intumescent flame retardant on thermal and fire behavior of ABS resin. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.48220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongtao Hu
- Faculty of EngineeringChina University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Qianqian Zhou
- Faculty of EngineeringChina University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
| | - Keqing Zhou
- Faculty of EngineeringChina University of Geosciences Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
- Engineering Research Center of Rock‐Soil Drilling & Excavation and ProtectionChina University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Ministry of Education Wuhan Hubei 430074 China
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21
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Pallmann J, Ren Y, Mahltig B, Huo T. Phosphorylated sodium alginate/APP/DPER intumescent flame retardant used for polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/app.47794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Pallmann
- School of Textile Science and EngineeringTianjin Polytechnic University 300387, Tianjin China
- Hochschule NiederrheinUniversity of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Textile and Clothing Technology 41065, Mönchengladbach Germany
| | - Yuan‐Lin Ren
- School of Textile Science and EngineeringTianjin Polytechnic University 300387, Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composite, Ministry of EducationTianjin Polytechnic University 300387, Tianjin China
| | - Boris Mahltig
- Hochschule NiederrheinUniversity of Applied Sciences, Faculty of Textile and Clothing Technology 41065, Mönchengladbach Germany
| | - Tong‐Guo Huo
- School of Textile Science and EngineeringTianjin Polytechnic University 300387, Tianjin China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Composite, Ministry of EducationTianjin Polytechnic University 300387, Tianjin China
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22
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Xu B, Ma W, Shao L, Qian L, Qiu Y. Enhancement of an organic-metallic hybrid charring agent on flame retardancy of ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2019; 6:181413. [PMID: 31032003 PMCID: PMC6458352 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.181413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
An organic triazine charring agent hybrid with zinc oxide (OTCA@ZnO) was prepared and well characterized through Fourier transform infrared spectrometry (FTIR), solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (SSNMR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The flame retardancy and thermal behaviour of intumescent flame retardant ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) composites combining OTCA@ZnO and ammonium polyphosphate (APP) were investigated using limited oxygen index (LOI), UL-94 vertical burning, cone calorimetry and TGA. The structure and morphology of chars were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), FTIR, laser Raman spectroscopy analysis (LRS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Results revealed that OTCA@ZnO exhibited excellent thermal stability and dispersity after hybridization. The flame retardancy and smoke suppression properties of EVA were significantly improved by introducing APP/OTCA@ZnO. TGA results indicated that APP/OTCA@ZnO presented an excellent synergistic effect and promoted the char formation of EVA composites. Residue analysis results showed more char with high quality connected by richer P-O-C, P-N and P-O-Si structures was formed in APP/OTCA@ZnO system than APP/HOTCA/ZnO system, which consequently suppressed more efficiently the combustion and smoke production due to the in situ catalytic carbonization effect of hybrid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Xu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Wen Ma
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Lushan Shao
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Lijun Qian
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Qiu
- School of Materials Science and Mechanical Engineering, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Quality Evaluation Technology for Hygiene and Safety of Plastics, Beijing Technology and Business University, Fucheng Road 11, Beijing 100048, People's Republic of China
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23
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Tawiah B, Yu B, Fei B. Advances in Flame Retardant Poly(Lactic Acid). Polymers (Basel) 2018; 10:E876. [PMID: 30960801 PMCID: PMC6403615 DOI: 10.3390/polym10080876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
PLA has become a commodity polymer with wide applications in a number of fields. However, its high flammability with the tendency to flow in fire has limited its viability as a perfect replacement for the petrochemically-engineered plastics. Traditional flame retardants, which may be incorporated into PLA without severely degrading the mechanical properties, are the organo-halogen compounds. Meanwhile, these compounds tend to bioaccumulate and pose a risk to flora and fauna due to their restricted use. Research into PLA flame retardants has largely focused on organic and inorganic compounds for the past few years. Meanwhile, the renewed interest in the development of environmentally sustainable flame retardants (FRs) for PLA has increased significantly in a bid to maintain the integrity of the polymer. A review on the development of new flame retardants for PLA is presented herein. The focus is on metal oxides, phosphorus-based systems, 2D and 1D nanomaterials, hyperbranched polymers, and their combinations, which have been applied for flame retarding PLA are discussed. The paper also reviews briefly the correlation between FR loadings and efficiency for various FR systems, and their effects on processing and mechanical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Tawiah
- Institute of Textile and Clothing (ITC), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Bin Yu
- Institute of Textile and Clothing (ITC), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Bin Fei
- Institute of Textile and Clothing (ITC), The Hong Kong Polytechnic University Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
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24
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Naik AD, Bourbigot S, Bellayer S, Touati N, Ben Tayeb K, Vezin H, Fontaine G. Salen Complexes as Fire Protective Agents for Thermoplastic Polyurethane: Deep Electron Paramagnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Investigation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2018; 10:24860-24875. [PMID: 29957994 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b07323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The contribution of copper complexes of salen-based Schiff bases N, N'-bis(salicylidene)ethylenediamine (C1), N, N'-bis(4-hydroxysalicylidene)ethylenediamine (C2), and N, N'-bis(5-hydroxysalicylidene)ethylenediamine (C3) to the flame retardancy of thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU) is investigated in the context of minimizing the inherent flammability of TPU. Thermal and fire properties of TPU are evaluated. It is observed that fire performances vary depending upon the substitution of the salen framework. Cone calorimetry [mass loss calorimetry (MLC)] results show that, in TPU at 10 wt % loading, C2 and C3 reduce the peak of heat release rate by 46 and 50%, respectively. At high temperature, these copper complexes undergo polycondensation leading to resorcinol-type resin in the condensed phase and thus acting as intumescence reinforcing agents. C3 in TPU is particularly interesting because it delays significantly the time to ignition (MLC experiment). In addition, pyrolysis combustion flow calorimetry shows reduction in the heat release rate curve, suggesting its involvement in gas-phase action. Structural changes of copper complexes and radical formation during thermal treatment as well as their influence on fire retardancy of TPU in the condensed phase are investigated by spectroscopic studies supported by microscopic and powder diffraction studies. Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was fully used to follow the redox changes of Cu(II) ions as well as radical formation of copper complexes/TPU formulations in their degradation pathways. Pulsed EPR technique of hyperfine sublevel correlation spectroscopy reveals evolution of the local surrounding of copper and radicals with a strong contribution of nitrogen fragments in the degradation products. Further, the spin state of radicals was investigated by the two-dimensional technique of phase-inverted echo-amplitude detected nutation experiment. Two different radicals were detected, that is, one monocarbon radical and an oxygen biradical. Thus, the EPR study permits to deeply investigate the mode of action of copper salen complexes in TPU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil D Naik
- Univ. Lille, ENSCL, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations , F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
| | - Serge Bourbigot
- Univ. Lille, ENSCL, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations , F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
| | - Séverine Bellayer
- Univ. Lille, ENSCL, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations , F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
| | - Nadia Touati
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516-LASIR-Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman , F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex , France
| | - Karima Ben Tayeb
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516-LASIR-Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman , F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex , France
| | - Hervé Vezin
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8516-LASIR-Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman , F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex , France
| | - Gaëlle Fontaine
- Univ. Lille, ENSCL, UMR 8207-UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations , F-59652 Villeneuve d'Ascq , France
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25
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Xu B, Xu W, Wang G, Liu L, Xu J. Zeolitic imidazolate frameworks-8 modified graphene as a green flame retardant for reducing the fire risk of epoxy resin. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Baoling Xu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Anhui Jianzhu University; 292 Ziyun Road Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
| | - Wenzong Xu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Anhui Jianzhu University; 292 Ziyun Road Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
| | - Guisong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Anhui Jianzhu University; 292 Ziyun Road Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
| | - Lvcheng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Anhui Jianzhu University; 292 Ziyun Road Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering; Anhui Jianzhu University; 292 Ziyun Road Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
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26
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Salaün F, Lemort G, Butstraen C, Devaux E, Capon G. Influence of silica nanoparticles combined with zinc phosphinate on flame retardant properties of PET. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.4081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F. Salaün
- Univ Lille Nord de France; F-59000 Lille France
- ENSAIT GEMTEX; F-59100 Roubaix France
| | - G. Lemort
- Univ Lille Nord de France; F-59000 Lille France
- ENSAIT GEMTEX; F-59100 Roubaix France
| | - C. Butstraen
- Univ Lille Nord de France; F-59000 Lille France
- ENSAIT GEMTEX; F-59100 Roubaix France
| | - E. Devaux
- Univ Lille Nord de France; F-59000 Lille France
- ENSAIT GEMTEX; F-59100 Roubaix France
| | - G. Capon
- CREPIM; F-62700 Bruay-la-Buissière France
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27
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Hou Y, Hu W, Gui Z, Hu Y. Preparation of Metal–Organic Frameworks and Their Application as Flame Retardants for Polystyrene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.6b04920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yanbei Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Weizhao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Zhou Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, PR China
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28
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29
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Qian Y, Zhou S, Chen X. Flammability and thermal degradation behavior of ethylene-vinyl acetate/layered double hydroxides/zinc borate composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yi Qian
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao Shandong 266042 China
| | - Shaojie Zhou
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao Shandong 266042 China
| | - Xilei Chen
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao Shandong 266042 China
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30
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Yi L, Hu G, Li H. Against Overcharring Design of Flame-Retardant Electromagnetic Absorbing Composites with Graphene Nanosheets and Manganese Oxides in Modified Epoxy Resin. Ind Eng Chem Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b02778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lixi Yi
- School of Mechanical & Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Beijing UCAS Space Technology Co., Ltd. & Technology and Engineering Center for Space Utilization, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100094, China
| | - Guoxin Hu
- School of Mechanical & Power Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Hua Li
- State
Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites, School of Materials Science
and Engineering, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200240, China
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31
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Chen MJ, Lin YC, Wang XN, Zhong L, Li QL, Liu ZG. Influence of Cuprous Oxide on Enhancing the Flame Retardancy and Smoke Suppression of Epoxy Resins Containing Microencapsulated Ammonium Polyphosphate. Ind Eng Chem Res 2015. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.5b03877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ming-Jun Chen
- School
of Science (Sichuan), Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Yi-Cheng Lin
- School
of Science (Sichuan), Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Xiao-Ning Wang
- School
of Science (Sichuan), Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Liu Zhong
- School
of Science (Sichuan), Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
| | - Qiang-Lin Li
- Chengdu Textile College (Sichuan), Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Zhi-Guo Liu
- School
of Science (Sichuan), Xihua University, Chengdu 610039, China
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32
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33
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Tan X, Lu H, Wang J, Jin C, Yang W, Zhang Q. Synthesis of iron oxides intercalated montmorillonite and α-zirconium phosphate particles and their applications in polystyrene composites. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofang Tan
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; Hefei University; Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
| | - Hongdian Lu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; Hefei University; Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
| | - Juan Wang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; Hefei University; Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Jin
- Department of Waste Management, Institute of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences; University of Rostock; Rostock 18509 Germany
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; Hefei University; Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
| | - Quanzheng Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; Hefei University; Hefei Anhui 230601 People's Republic of China
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34
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Zhang Y, Peng RQ, Zhou GD, Fang ZP, Li XN. Flammability characterization and effects of magnesium oxide in halogen-free flame-retardant EVA blends. CHINESE JOURNAL OF POLYMER SCIENCE 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10118-015-1722-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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Ma Y, Wang J, Xu Y, Wang C, Chu F. Effect of zinc oxide on properties of phenolic foams/halogen-free flame retardant system. J Appl Polym Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/app.42730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Ma
- Nanjing Forestry University; College of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanjing 210037 China
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products; CAF, Jiangsu Province; Nanjing 210042 China
| | - Jifu Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products; CAF, Jiangsu Province; Nanjing 210042 China
| | - Yuzhi Xu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products; CAF, Jiangsu Province; Nanjing 210042 China
| | - Chunpeng Wang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products; CAF, Jiangsu Province; Nanjing 210042 China
| | - Fuxiang Chu
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forestry Products; CAF, Jiangsu Province; Nanjing 210042 China
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36
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Liang B, Hong X, Zhu M, Gao C, Wang C, Tsubaki N. Synthesis of novel intumescent flame retardant containing phosphorus, nitrogen and boron and its application in polyethylene. Polym Bull (Berl) 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s00289-015-1447-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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37
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The influence of carbon nanotubes on the combustion toxicity of PP/intumescent flame retardant composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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38
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Flame-retardant mechanism of a novel polymeric intumescent flame retardant containing caged bicyclic phosphate for polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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39
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Abd El-Wahab H, Abd El-Fattah M, Abd El-Khalik N, Kazlauciunas A. Synthesis and performance of new modified reactive flame-retardant alkyd resin based on tetrabromophthalic anhydride as varnish for surface coatings. JOURNAL OF COATINGS TECHNOLOGY AND RESEARCH 2015; 12:97-105. [DOI: 10.1007/s11998-014-9615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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40
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41
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Lai X, Yin C, Li H, Zeng X. Synergistic effect between silicone-containing macromolecular charring agent and ammonium polyphosphate in flame retardant polypropylene. J Appl Polym Sci 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/app.41580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xuejun Lai
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Changyu Yin
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
| | - Xingrong Zeng
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of Technology; Guangzhou 510640 China
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42
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Zhou K, Jiang S, Wang B, Shi Y, Liu J, Hong N, Hu Y, Gui Z. Combined effect of transition metal phosphide (MxPy, M = Ni, Co, and Cu) and intumescent flame retardant system on polypropylene. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keqing Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
| | - Saihua Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
| | - Bibo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
| | - Yongqian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
| | - Ningning Hong
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
| | - Zhou Gui
- State Key Laboratory of Fire Science; University of Science and Technology of China; Jinzhai Road 96 Hefei Anhui 230027 PR China
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43
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Hongqiang Q, Weihong W, Jianwei H, Jianhong S, Jianzhong X. Intumescent Flame Retardancy and Thermal Degradation of Epoxy Resin Filled with Ammonium Polyphosphate Using Thermogravimetric Analysis–Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy and Thermogravimetric Analysis–Mass Spectrometry. J MACROMOL SCI B 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/00222348.2013.810101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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44
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Li L, Qian Y, Jiao C. Synergistic flame retardant effects of ammonium polyphosphate in ethylene-vinyl acetate/layered double hydroxides composites. POLYM ENG SCI 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pen.23619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Long Li
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Qian
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
| | - Chuanmei Jiao
- College of Environment and Safety Engineering; Qingdao University of Science and Technology; Qingdao 266042 People's Republic of China
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45
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Dong Q, Liu M, Ding Y, Wang F, Gao C, Liu P, Wen B, Zhang S, Yang M. Synergistic effect of DOPO immobilized silica nanoparticles in the intumescent flame retarded polypropylene composites. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.3137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Quanxiao Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
- Beijing Engineering Research Center of Architectural Functional Macromolecular Materials; Beijing Building Construction Research Institute, Co., Ltd.; Beijing 100039 P.R. China
| | - Mingming Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Yanfen Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Feng Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Chong Gao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Peng Liu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Bin Wen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Shimin Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Mingshu Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, CAS Key Laboratory of Engineering Plastics; Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences; Beijing 100190 P.R. China
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46
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Zhou K, Wang B, Jiang S, Yuan H, Song L, Hu Y. Facile Preparation of Nickel Phosphide (Ni12P5) and Synergistic Effect with Intumescent Flame Retardants in Ethylene–Vinyl Acetate Copolymer. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie3024559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Keqing Zhou
- State Key
Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Bibo Wang
- State Key
Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Saihua Jiang
- State Key
Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic
of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory
of Urban
Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren’ai
Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haixia Yuan
- State Key
Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Lei Song
- State Key
Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic
of China
| | - Yuan Hu
- State Key
Laboratory of Fire
Science, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, People’s Republic
of China
- Suzhou Key Laboratory
of Urban
Public Safety, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, 166 Ren’ai
Road, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, People’s Republic of China
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47
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Liu Y, Cao Z, Zhang Y, Fang Z. Synthesis of Cerium N-Morpholinomethylphosphonic Acid and Its Flame Retardant Application in High Density Polyethylene. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie400259f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- Lab of Polymer
Materials and Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Institute of Polymer Composites, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zhenhu Cao
- Lab of Polymer
Materials and Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Institute of Polymer Composites, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Lab of Polymer
Materials and Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Zhengping Fang
- Lab of Polymer
Materials and Engineering, Ningbo Institute of Technology, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, China
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular
Synthesis and Functionalization, Institute of Polymer Composites, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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48
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Chen X, Zhuo J, Jiao C. Thermal degradation characteristics of flame retardant polylactide using TG-IR. Polym Degrad Stab 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2012.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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49
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Li L, Qian Y, Jiao CM. Influence of red phosphorus on the flame-retardant properties of ethylene vinyl acetate/layered double hydroxides composites. IRANIAN POLYMER JOURNAL 2012. [DOI: 10.1007/s13726-012-0067-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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50
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Zhang R, Huang H, Yang W, Xiao X, Hu Y. Effect of zinc borate on the fire and thermal degradation behaviors of a poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-4-hydroxybutyrate)-containing intumescent flame retardant. J Appl Polym Sci 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/app.36533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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