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Cabibi D, Giannone AG, Quattrocchi A, Lo Coco R, Formisano E, Porcasi R, Benfante V, Comelli A, Capra G. High-Risk HPV CISH Detection in Cervical Biopsies with Weak and/or Focal p16 Immunohistochemical Positivity. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:5354. [PMID: 38791395 PMCID: PMC11121605 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25105354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/26/2024] Open
Abstract
In cervical biopsies, for diagnosis of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) related conditions, the immunohistochemical staining for p16 has a diagnostic value only if diffusely and strongly positive, pattern named "block-like". "Weak and/or focal (w/f) p16 expression" is commonly considered nonspecific. In our previous study, we demonstrated the presence of high-risk HPV (hrHPV) DNA by LiPa method in biopsies showing w/f p16 positivity. The aim of the present study was to investigate the presence of hrHPV-DNA by CISH in the areas showing w/f p16 expression. We assessed the presence of hrHPV16, 18, 31, 33, 51 by CISH in a group of 20 cervical biopsies showing w/f p16 expression, some with increased Ki67, and in 10 cases of block-like expression, employed as control. The immunohistochemical p16 expression was also assessed by digital pathology. hrHPV-CISH nuclear positivity was encountered in 12/20 cases of w/f p16 expression (60%). Different patterns of nuclear positivity were identified, classified as punctate, diffuse and mixed, with different epithelial distributions. Our results, albeit in a limited casuistry, show the presence of HPV in an integrated status highlighted by CISH in w/f p16 positive cases. This could suggest the necessity of a careful follow-up of the patients with "weak" and/or "focal" immunohistochemical patterns of p16, mainly in cases of increased Ki67 cell proliferation index, supplemented with molecular biology examinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Cabibi
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Antonino Giulio Giannone
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Alberto Quattrocchi
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Roberta Lo Coco
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Eleonora Formisano
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Rossana Porcasi
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
| | - Viviana Benfante
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Albert Comelli
- Ri.MED Foundation, Via Bandiera 11, 90133 Palermo, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Capra
- Department of Health Promotion, Mother and Child Care, Internal Medicine and Medical Specialties (PROMISE), University of Palermo, 90127 Palermo, Italy
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Li J, Adobo SD, Shi H, Judicael KAW, Lin N, Gao L. Screening Methods for Cervical Cancer. ChemMedChem 2024:e202400021. [PMID: 38735844 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202400021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/14/2024]
Abstract
Cervical cancer seriously affects the health of women worldwide. Persistent infection of high-risk HPV (Human Papilloma Virus) can lead to cervical cancer. There is a great need for timely and efficient screening methods for cervical cancer. The current screening methods for cervical cancer are mainly based on cervical cytology and HPV testing. Cervical cytology is made of Pap smear and liquid-based cytology, while HPV testing is based on immunological and nucleic acid level detection methods. This review introduces cervical cancer screening methods based on cytology and human papillomavirus testing in detail. The advantages and limitations of the screening methods are also summarized and compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyan Li
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
| | | | - Hui Shi
- Jiangsu Provincial Health Development Research Center, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | | | - Ning Lin
- Jiangsu Provincial Health Development Research Center, Nanjing, 210003, China
| | - Li Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, China
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Niu MY, Liu YJ, Shi JJ, Chen RY, Zhang S, Li CY, Cao JF, Yang GJ, Chen J. The Emerging Role of Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 36 (USP36) in Cancer and Beyond. Biomolecules 2024; 14:572. [PMID: 38785979 PMCID: PMC11118191 DOI: 10.3390/biom14050572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The balance between ubiquitination and deubiquitination is instrumental in the regulation of protein stability and maintenance of cellular homeostasis. The deubiquitinating enzyme, ubiquitin-specific protease 36 (USP36), a member of the USP family, plays a crucial role in this dynamic equilibrium by hydrolyzing and removing ubiquitin chains from target proteins and facilitating their proteasome-dependent degradation. The multifaceted functions of USP36 have been implicated in various disease processes, including cancer, infections, and inflammation, via the modulation of numerous cellular events, including gene transcription regulation, cell cycle regulation, immune responses, signal transduction, tumor growth, and inflammatory processes. The objective of this review is to provide a comprehensive summary of the current state of research on the roles of USP36 in different pathological conditions. By synthesizing the findings from previous studies, we have aimed to increase our understanding of the mechanisms underlying these diseases and identify potential therapeutic targets for their treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Yao Niu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (M.-Y.N.); (Y.-J.L.); (J.-J.S.); (R.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (J.-F.C.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Yan-Jun Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (M.-Y.N.); (Y.-J.L.); (J.-J.S.); (R.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (J.-F.C.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Jin-Jin Shi
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (M.-Y.N.); (Y.-J.L.); (J.-J.S.); (R.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (J.-F.C.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Ru-Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (M.-Y.N.); (Y.-J.L.); (J.-J.S.); (R.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (J.-F.C.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Shun Zhang
- Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
| | - Chang-Yun Li
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (M.-Y.N.); (Y.-J.L.); (J.-J.S.); (R.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (J.-F.C.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Jia-Feng Cao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (M.-Y.N.); (Y.-J.L.); (J.-J.S.); (R.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (J.-F.C.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Guan-Jun Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; (M.-Y.N.); (Y.-J.L.); (J.-J.S.); (R.-Y.C.); (C.-Y.L.); (J.-F.C.)
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
| | - Jiong Chen
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China
- Ningbo No.2 Hospital, Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Marine Sciences, Meishan Campus, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315832, China;
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Janjua D, Thakur K, Aggarwal N, Chaudhary A, Yadav J, Chhokar A, Tripathi T, Joshi U, Senrung A, Bharti AC. Prognostic and therapeutic potential of STAT3: Opportunities and challenges in targeting HPV-mediated cervical carcinogenesis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2024; 197:104346. [PMID: 38608913 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2024.104346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer (CaCx) ranks as the fourth most prevalent cancer among women globally. Persistent infection of high-risk human papillomaviruses (HR-HPVs) is major etiological factor associated with CaCx. Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription 3 (STAT3), a prominent member of the STAT family, has emerged as independent oncogenic driver. It is a target of many oncogenic viruses including HPV. How STAT3 influences HPV viral gene expression or gets affected by HPV is an area of active investigation. A better understanding of host-virus interaction will provide a prognostic and therapeutic window for CaCx control and management. In this comprehensive review, we delve into carcinogenic role of STAT3 in development of HPV-induced CaCx. With an emphasis on fascinating interplay between STAT3 and HPV genome, the review explores the diverse array of opportunities and challenges associated with this field to harness the prognostic and therapeutic potential of STAT3 in CaCx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Janjua
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Kulbhushan Thakur
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Nikita Aggarwal
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Apoorva Chaudhary
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Joni Yadav
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Arun Chhokar
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Tanya Tripathi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Udit Joshi
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India
| | - Anna Senrung
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India; Department of Zoology, Daulat Ram College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Alok Chandra Bharti
- Molecular Oncology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Delhi (North Campus), New Delhi, India.
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Chatterjee S, Starrett GJ. Microhomology-mediated repair machinery and its relationship with HPV-mediated oncogenesis. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29674. [PMID: 38757834 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
Human Papillomaviruses (HPV) are a diverse family of non-enveloped dsDNA viruses that infect the skin and mucosal epithelia. Persistent HPV infections can lead to cancer frequently involving integration of the virus into the host genome, leading to sustained oncogene expression and loss of capsid and genome maintenance proteins. Microhomology-mediated double-strand break repair, a DNA double-stranded breaks repair pathway present in many organisms, was initially thought to be a backup but it's now seen as vital, especially in homologous recombination-deficient contexts. Increasing evidence has identified microhomology (MH) near HPV integration junctions, suggesting MH-mediated repair pathways drive integration. In this comprehensive review, we present a detailed summary of both the mechanisms underlying MH-mediated repair and the evidence for its involvement in HPV integration in cancer. Lastly, we highlight the involvement of these processes in the integration of other DNA viruses and the broader implications on virus lifecycles and host innate immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Chatterjee
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Gabriel J Starrett
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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Ma B, Zhou J, Zhou W, Ma Z, Chen J, Hu H. Nonlinear relationship between viral load and TCT in single/multiple HPV52 infection. Virol J 2024; 21:90. [PMID: 38654353 PMCID: PMC11036758 DOI: 10.1186/s12985-024-02356-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the correlation between HPV (human papillomavirus) 52 viral load, multiple infections and ThinPrep cytology test (TCT), to inform clinical management of HPV52-positive women after cervical cancer screening. METHODS A total of 1,882 female patients who had positive quantitative HPV tests at Yuebei People's Hospital from January 2020 to December 2022, of whom 533 tested positive for HPV52. We excluded patients who combined HPV16 and/or HPV 18 positivity and whom HPV52 viral load could not be calculated. The final enrollment was 488 patients, including 400 NILM, 48 ASC-US, 28 LSIL and 12 HSIL. The HPV test is a quantitative multiplexed fluorescent PCR assay that provides both HPV genotyping and viral load. RESULTS In our study, there were differences in the median distribution of viral loads among various cytological class categories. The risk of TCT results (LSIL or worse) was increased with the increase of HPV52 viral load, for every LOG unit increase in HPV52 viral load, the risk increased by 26.6%. More importantly, we found a nonlinear relationship between HPV52 viral load and TCT results (LSIL or worse) in both single and multiple infections. When the viral load reaches a threshold, the risk of abnormal cytological results increases significantly. CONCLUSION HPV52 viral load is an independent risk factor for TCT results (LSIL or worse). The relationship between HPV52 viral load and TCT results (LSIL or worse) is not linear. Viral load may be used as a triage indicator for HPV52-positive patients, thus improving the post-screening clinical management of HPV52-positive women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingbing Ma
- Department of Gynecology, Yuebei People's Hospital affiliated to Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Jie Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Yuebei People's Hospital affiliated to Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Weijuan Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, Yuebei People's Hospital affiliated to Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Zhanzhong Ma
- Reproductive Medicine Center, Yuebei People's Hospital Affiliated to Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Juan Chen
- Department of Gynecology, Yuebei People's Hospital affiliated to Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China
| | - Hongbo Hu
- Department of Gynecology, Yuebei People's Hospital affiliated to Shantou University Medical College, Shaoguan, China.
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Li M, Zhao C, Zhang X, Li J, Zhao Y, Zhang W, Ren L, Wei L. PAX1/JAM3 Methylation and HPV Viral Load in Women with Persistent HPV Infection. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:1430. [PMID: 38611108 PMCID: PMC11010937 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16071430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The relationship of PAX1/JAM3 methylation as well as HPV viral load (VL) with cervical lesions has been reported, but their role in persistent HPV infection without cervical high-grade lesions has not been fully elucidated. A total of 231 females diagnosed with persistent HPV infection and pathologically confirmed absence of high-grade cervical lesions were selected from the Colposcopy Outpatient Clinic of Peking University People's Hospital, from March 2023 to December 2023. They were categorized into two groups based on the duration of HPV infection: the HPV persistent less than 3 years group and the more than 3 years group. PAX1/JAM3 methylation and HPV VL were determined by real-time PCR and BioPerfectus Multiplex Real-Time (BMRT)-HPV reports type-specific VL/10,000 cells, respectively. The average age of individuals with HPV infection lasting more than 3 years was higher compared to those with less than 3 years (48.9 vs. 45.1 years), with a statistically significant difference. Among the participants, 81.8% (189/231) had no previous screening. The methylation levels of JAM3 and PAX1 were significantly higher in individuals with HPV infection persisting for more than 3 years compared to those with less than 3 years, with a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05). There was a significant correlation between PAX1 and JAM3 methylation (p < 0.001), which could be used as cumulative evidence of HPV infection duration before the occurrence of precancerous lesions. The incidence of vaginal intraepithelial lesions was higher in individuals with HPV infection persisting for more than 3 years compared to those with less than 3 years, and HPV VL can be used as an indicative biomarker for concurrent cervical-vaginal lesions, especially for HPV other than 16/18 genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lihui Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People’s Hospital, No. 11 Xizhimen South Street, Beijing 100044, China; (M.L.); (C.Z.); (X.Z.); (J.L.); (Y.Z.); (W.Z.); (L.R.)
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Kim S, Jeon KB, Park HM, Kim J, Lim CM, Yoon DY. Establishment and Characterization of Immortalized Human Dermal Papilla Cells Expressing Human Papillomavirus 16 E6/E7. J Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 34:506-515. [PMID: 37994116 PMCID: PMC11016756 DOI: 10.4014/jmb.2310.10035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 11/24/2023]
Abstract
Primary human dermal papilla cells (HDPCs) are often preferred in studies on hair growth and regeneration. However, primary HDPCs are limited by their reduced proliferative capacity, decreased hair induction potential, and extended doubling times at higher passages. To overcome these limitations, pTARGET vectors containing human papillomavirus16 (HPV16) E6/E7 oncogenes were transfected into HDPCs and selected using G-148 to generate immortalized cells here. HPV16 E6/E7 oncogenes were efficiently transfected into primary HDPCs. Immortalized HDPC showed higher proliferative activity than primary HDPC, confirming an increased proliferation rate. Expression of p53 and pRb proteins was downregulated by E6 and E7, respectively. E6/E7 expressing HDPC cells revealed that cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) inhibitor p21 expression was decreased, while cell cycle-related genes and proteins (CDK2 and cyclin E) and E2F family genes were upregulated. Immortalized HDPCs maintained their responsiveness to Wnt/β-catenin pathway and hair follicle formation capability, as indicated by their aggregative properties and stemness. E6/E7 immortalized HDPCs may facilitate in vitro hair growth and regeneration studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seonhwa Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyeong-Bae Jeon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyo-Min Park
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinju Kim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae-Min Lim
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Do-Young Yoon
- Department of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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Hu B, Wang R, Wu D, Long R, Fan J, Hu Z, Hu X, Ma D, Li F, Sun C, Liao S. A Promising New Model: Establishment of Patient-Derived Organoid Models Covering HPV-Related Cervical Pre-Cancerous Lesions and Their Cancers. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2302340. [PMID: 38229169 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The lack of human-derived in vitro models that recapitulate cervical pre-cancerous lesions has been the bottleneck in researching human papillomavirus (HPV) infection-associated pre-cancerous lesions and cancers for a long time. Here, a long-term 3D organoid culture protocol for high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions and cervical squamous cell carcinoma that stably recapitulates the two tissues of origin is described. Originating from human-derived samples, a small biobank of cervical pre-tumoroids and tumoroids that faithfully retains genomic and transcriptomic characteristics as well as the causative HPV genome is established. Cervical pre-tumoroids and tumoroids show differential responses to common chemotherapeutic agents and grow differently as xenografts in mice. By coculture organoid models with peripheral blood immune cells (PBMCs) stimulated by HPV antigenic peptides, it is illustrated that both organoid models respond differently to immunized PBMCs, supporting organoids as reliable and powerful tools for studying virus-specific T-cell responses and screening therapeutic HPV vaccines. In this study, a model of cervical pre-cancerous lesions containing HPV is established for the first time, overcoming the bottleneck of the current model of human cervical pre-cancerous lesions. This study establishes an experimental platform and biobanks for in vitro mechanistic research, therapeutic vaccine screening, and personalized treatment for HPV-related cervical diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Renjie Wang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Di Wu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Rui Long
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Junpeng Fan
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Zhe Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Xingyuan Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - Chaoyang Sun
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
| | - Shujie Liao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, 430030, China
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Wang Z, Liu C, Liu W, Lv X, Hu T, Yang F, Yang W, He L, Huang X. Long-read sequencing reveals the structural complexity of genomic integration of HPV DNA in cervical cancer cell lines. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:198. [PMID: 38378450 PMCID: PMC10877919 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10101-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer (CC) causes more than 311,000 deaths annually worldwide. The integration of human papillomavirus (HPV) is a crucial genetic event that contributes to cervical carcinogenesis. Despite HPV DNA integration is known to disrupt the genomic architecture of both the host and viral genomes in CC, the complexity of this process remains largely unexplored. RESULTS In this study, we conducted whole-genome sequencing (WGS) at 55-65X coverage utilizing the PacBio long-read sequencing platform in SiHa and HeLa cells, followed by comprehensive analyses of the sequence data to elucidate the complexity of HPV integration. Firstly, our results demonstrated that PacBio long-read sequencing effectively identifies HPV integration breakpoints with comparable accuracy to targeted-capture Next-generation sequencing (NGS) methods. Secondly, we constructed detailed models of complex integrated genome structures that included both the HPV genome and nearby regions of the human genome by utilizing PacBio long-read WGS. Thirdly, our sequencing results revealed the occurrence of a wide variety of genome-wide structural variations (SVs) in SiHa and HeLa cells. Additionally, our analysis further revealed a potential correlation between changes in gene expression levels and SVs on chromosome 13 in the genome of SiHa cells. CONCLUSIONS Using PacBio long-read sequencing, we have successfully constructed complex models illustrating HPV integrated genome structures in SiHa and HeLa cells. This accomplishment serves as a compelling demonstration of the valuable capabilities of long-read sequencing in detecting and characterizing HPV genomic integration structures within human cells. Furthermore, these findings offer critical insights into the complex process of HPV16 and HPV18 integration and their potential contribution to the development of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijie Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Chen Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Wanxin Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Xinyi Lv
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Ting Hu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Wuhan Kandwise Biotechnology, Inc. Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wenhui Yang
- Wuhan Kandwise Biotechnology, Inc. Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Liang He
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaoyuan Huang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
- Cancer Biology Research Center (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, Hubei, China.
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Hu T, Li K, He L, Huang F, Yang F, Chen S, Wang H, Ma D, Huang X, Wu P. Testing for viral DNA integration among HPV-positive women to detect cervical precancer: An observational cohort study. BJOG 2024; 131:309-318. [PMID: 37408516 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.17597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Human papillomavirus (HPV) integration is a crucial genetic step in cervical carcinogenesis. This study aimed to evaluate the performance of an HPV integration test for the triage of HPV-positive women. DESIGN An observational cohort study. SETTING A cervical cancer screening programme in China. POPULATION 1393 HPV-positive women aged 25-65 years undergoing routine cervical cancer screening and HPV integration testing with 1-year follow-up. METHODS The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value between HPV integration and cytology were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3 or more severe (CIN3+). RESULTS Among 1393 HPV-positive patients, 138 (9.9% [8.3-11.5%]) were HPV integration test positive compared with 537 who had abnormal cervical cytology (38.5% [36.0-41.1%]). Compared with cytology, HPV integration exhibited higher specificity (94.5% [93.3-95.8%] versus 63.8% [61.2-66.4%]) and equivalent sensitivity (70.5% [61.4-79.7%] versus 70.5% [61.4-79.7%]) for detection of CIN3+. HPV integration-negative women accounted for 90.1% (1255/1393) of the total population and had a low immediate CIN3+ risk (2.2%). At 1-year follow-up, the progression rate in the HPV integration-positive women was higher than in the HPV integration-negative women (12.0% versus 2.1%, odds ratio 5.6, 95% CI, 2.6-11.9). In 10 conservatively managed integration-negative CIN2 patients, all showed spontaneous regression and seven showed HPV clearance after 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSION The HPV integration test may be a precise risk stratification tool for HPV-positive women and could avoid excessive use of invasive biopsies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Hu
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cancer Biology Research Centre (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Kexin Li
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cancer Biology Research Centre (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liang He
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cancer Biology Research Centre (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fanwei Huang
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cancer Biology Research Centre (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Wuhan KDWS Biological Technology Co., Ltd, New Technology Platform, Wuhan, China
| | - Shimin Chen
- Wuhan KDWS Biological Technology Co., Ltd, New Technology Platform, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Gynaecologic Oncology, Women's Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ding Ma
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cancer Biology Research Centre (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyuan Huang
- Department of Gynaecological Oncology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cancer Biology Research Centre (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Peng Wu
- National Clinical Research Centre for Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cancer Biology Research Centre (Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education), Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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12
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Ullah MI, Mikhailova MV, Alkhathami AG, Carbajal NC, Zuta MEC, Rasulova I, Najm MAA, Abosoda M, Alsalamy A, Deorari M. Molecular pathways in the development of HPV-induced oropharyngeal cancer. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:351. [PMID: 38098017 PMCID: PMC10722793 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01365-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal cancer, a subset of head and neck cancer, is increasingly recognized as a unique clinical entity primarily influenced by high-risk human papillomavirus (HPV) infections, particularly HPV-16. This review delves into the viral life cycle of HPV-16 and its interactions with host cells, with a specific focus on the crucial roles played by the viral oncoproteins E6 and E7. These oncoproteins drive cellular proliferation by targeting critical tumor suppressor proteins like p53 and Rb, resulting in uncontrolled cell growth and genomic instability. Furthermore, the significance of epigenetic modifications induced by HPV-16 and their implications is important for cancer progression. This comprehensive review provides valuable insights into the intricate molecular landscape of HPV-induced oropharyngeal cancer, shedding light on the development of targeted therapies and preventive strategies for this emerging global health concern. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ikram Ullah
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Sakaka-72388, Aljouf, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maria V Mikhailova
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ali G Alkhathami
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, College of Applied Medical Sciences, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nestor Cuba Carbajal
- Doctor en Gestión Pública y Gobernabilidad, Docente en La Universidad Norbert Wiener, Lima, Perú.
| | | | - Irodakhon Rasulova
- School of Humanities, Natural & Social Sciences, New Uzbekistan University, 54 Mustaqillik Ave, 100007, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
- Department of Public Health, Tashkent Pediatric Medical Institute, Bogishamol Street 223, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
| | - Mazin A A Najm
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, College of Pharmacy, Al-Ayen University, Thi-Qar, Nasiriyah, Iraq
| | - Munther Abosoda
- College of Pharmacy, the Islamic University, Najaf, Iraq
- College of Pharmacy, the Islamic University of Al Diwaniyah, Al Diwaniyah, Iraq
- College of Pharmacy, the Islamic University of Babylon, Hillah, Iraq
| | - Ali Alsalamy
- College of Pharmacy, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Al-Muthanna, 66002, Iraq
| | - Mahamedha Deorari
- Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, India
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13
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Trujillo-Cirilo L, Weiss-Steider B, Vargas-Angeles CA, Corona-Ortega MT, Rangel-Corona R. Immune microenvironment of cervical cancer and the role of IL-2 in tumor promotion. Cytokine 2023; 170:156334. [PMID: 37598478 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a heterogeneous mixture of resident and tumor cells that maintain close communication through their secretion products. The composition of the TME is dynamic and complex among the different types of cancer, where the immune cells play a relevant role in the elimination of tumor cells, however, under certain circumstances they contribute to tumor development. In cervical cancer (CC) the human papilloma virus (HPV) shapes the microenvironment in order to mediate persistent infections that favors transformation and tumor development. Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is an important TME cytokine that induces CD8+ effector T cells and NKs to eliminate tumor cells, however, IL-2 can also suppress the immune response through Treg cells. Recent studies have shown that CC cells express the IL-2 receptor (IL-2R), that are induced to proliferate at low concentrations of exogenous IL-2 through alterations in the JAK/STAT pathway. This review provides an overview of the main immune cells that make up the TME in CC, as well as the participation of IL-2 in the tumor promotion. Finally, it is proposed that the low density of IL-2 produced by immunocompetent cells is used by tumor cells through its IL-2R as a mechanism to proliferate simultaneously depleting this molecule in order to evade immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leonardo Trujillo-Cirilo
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Research Unit Cell Differentiation and Cancer, L-4 P.B. FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Av., Guelatao No. 66 Col. Ejercito de Oriente, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09230 Mexico City, Mexico.
| | - Benny Weiss-Steider
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Research Unit Cell Differentiation and Cancer, L-4 P.B. FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Av., Guelatao No. 66 Col. Ejercito de Oriente, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09230 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Adrian Vargas-Angeles
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Research Unit Cell Differentiation and Cancer, L-4 P.B. FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Av., Guelatao No. 66 Col. Ejercito de Oriente, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09230 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria Teresa Corona-Ortega
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Research Unit Cell Differentiation and Cancer, L-4 P.B. FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Av., Guelatao No. 66 Col. Ejercito de Oriente, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09230 Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rosalva Rangel-Corona
- Laboratory of Cellular Oncology, Research Unit Cell Differentiation and Cancer, L-4 P.B. FES Zaragoza, National University of Mexico, Av., Guelatao No. 66 Col. Ejercito de Oriente, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09230 Mexico City, Mexico
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14
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Ameya G, Birri DJ. The molecular mechanisms of virus-induced human cancers. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106292. [PMID: 37557930 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Cancer is a serious public health problem globally. Many human cancers are induced by viruses. Understanding of the mechanisms by which oncogenic (tumorigenic) viruses induce cancer is essential in the prevention and control of cancer. This review covers comprehensive characteristics and molecular mechanisms of the main virus-attributed cancers caused by human papillomavirus, hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, Epstein-Barr virus, human herpesvirus type 8, human T-cell lymphotropic virus, human polyomaviruses, Merkel cell polyomavirus, and HIV. Oncogenic viruses employ biological processes to replicate and avoid detection by host cell immune systems. Tumorigenic infectious agents activate oncogenes in a variety of ways, allowing the pathogen to block host tumour suppressor proteins, inhibit apoptosis, enhance cell proliferation, and promote invasion of host cells. Furthermore, this review assesses many pathways of viruses linked to cancer, including host cellular communication perturbation, DNA damage mechanisms, immunity, and microRNA targets that promote the beginning and progression of cancer. The current cancer prevention is primarily focused on non-communicable diseases, but infection-attributable cancer also needs attention to significantly reduce the rising cancer burden and related deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemechu Ameya
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Kotebe Metropolitan University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
| | - Dagim Jirata Birri
- Department of Microbial, Cellular and Molecular Biology, Addis Ababa University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
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15
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Monod A, Koch C, Jindra C, Haspeslagh M, Howald D, Wenker C, Gerber V, Rottenberg S, Hahn K. CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeting of BPV-1-Transformed Primary Equine Sarcoid Fibroblasts. Viruses 2023; 15:1942. [PMID: 37766348 PMCID: PMC10536948 DOI: 10.3390/v15091942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Equine sarcoids (EqS) are fibroblast-derived skin tumors associated with bovine papillomavirus 1 and 2 (BPV-1 and -2). Based on Southern blotting, the BPV-1 genome was not found to be integrated in the host cell genome, suggesting that EqS pathogenesis does not result from insertional mutagenesis. Hence, CRISPR/Cas9 implies an interesting tool for selectively targeting BPV-1 episomes or genetically anchored suspected host factors. To address this in a proof-of-concept study, we confirmed the exclusive episomal persistence of BPV-1 in EqS using targeted locus amplification (TLA). To investigate the CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of BPV-1 episomes, primary equine fibroblast cultures were established and characterized. In the EqS fibroblast cultures, CRISPR-mediated targeting of the episomal E5 and E6 oncogenes as well as the BPV-1 long control region was successful and resulted in a pronounced reduction of the BPV-1 load. Moreover, the deletion of the equine Vimentin (VIM), which is highly expressed in EqS, considerably decreased the number of BPV-1 episomes. Our results suggest CRISPR/Cas9-based gene targeting may serve as a tool to help further unravel the biology of EqS pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Monod
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.M.)
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland (S.R.)
| | - Christoph Koch
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.M.)
| | - Christoph Jindra
- Research Group Oncology, University Equine Clinic, University of Veterinary Medicine, 1210 Vienna, Austria;
| | - Maarten Haspeslagh
- Department of Large Animal Surgery, Anesthesiology and Orthopaedics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Denise Howald
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland (S.R.)
| | | | - Vinzenz Gerber
- Swiss Institute of Equine Medicine (ISME), Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland; (A.M.)
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland (S.R.)
| | - Kerstin Hahn
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3001 Bern, Switzerland (S.R.)
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16
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Zhu M, Li X, Feng Y, Jia T, Li S, Gong L, Dong S, Kong X, Sun L. Impact of CD40 gene polymorphisms on the risk of cervical squamous cell carcinoma: a case-control study. BMC Cancer 2023; 23:845. [PMID: 37691121 PMCID: PMC10494347 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-023-11367-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is the fourth most common cancer among women worldwide. Genome-wide association studies have revealed multiple susceptible genes and their polymorphisms for cervical cancer risk. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the correlation between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of the CD40 gene and susceptibility to cervical squamous cell carcinoma (CSCC) in a population from the northeastern Han Chinese population. METHODS The three SNPs (rs1800686, rs3765459, and rs4810485) of the CD40 gene were analyzed by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (PCR) combined with next-generation sequencing methods in 421 patients with CSCC, 594 patients with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL), and 504 healthy females. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the potential relationship between CD40 gene polymorphisms and CSCC, or HSIL. RESULTS Our research results showed the AA genotype of rs1800686 had a protective effect on CSCC in comparison to the GG genotype and AG+GG genotypes (AA vs. GG: p = 0.0389 and AA vs. AG+GG: p = 0.0280, respectively). After FDR correction, the results were still statistically significant (p = 0.0389 and p = 0.0389, respectively). Similarly, rs3765459 showed a reduced risk association for CSCC in the codominant and recessive models (AA vs. GG: p = 0.0286 and AA vs. AG+GG: p = 0.0222, respectively). Significant differences remained after FDR correction (p = 0.0286 and p = 0.0286, respectively). However, these differences were no longer significant after the Bonferroni correction. In addition, the genotypes for the rs4810485 polymorphisms were associated with parity of the patients with CSCC. The genotypes for the rs3765459 polymorphisms were significantly correlated with the D-dimer of the patients with CSCC. The 3 SNPs genotypes of the CD40 gene were closely related to the squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCC) of the patients with HSIL. CONCLUSIONS The CD40 gene may play a role in the occurrence and development of CSCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manning Zhu
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoying Li
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yanan Feng
- Department of Ultrasound, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Tianshuang Jia
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Songxue Li
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liping Gong
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuang Dong
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xianchao Kong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Litao Sun
- Cancer Center, Department of Ultrasound Medicine, Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital (Affiliated People's Hospital), Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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17
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Egawa N. Papillomaviruses and cancer: commonalities and differences in HPV carcinogenesis at different sites of the body. Int J Clin Oncol 2023; 28:956-964. [PMID: 37199886 PMCID: PMC10390352 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-023-02340-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is associated with 5% of all cancers globally at a range of body sites, including cervix, anus, penis, vagina, vulva, and oropharynx. These cancers claim > 400,000 lives annually. The persistent infection of HPV and the function of viral oncogenes are the primary causes of HPV-related cancers. However, only some HPV-infected persons or infected lesions will progress to cancer, and the burden of HPV-associated cancer varies widely according to gender and the part of the body infected. The dissimilarity in infection rates at different sites can explain only a small part of the differences observed. Much responsibility likely sits with contributions of specific epithelial cells and the cellular microenvironment at infected sites to the process of malignant transformation, both of which affect the regulation of viral gene expression and the viral life cycle. By understanding the biology of these epithelial sites, better diagnosis/treatment/management of HPV-associated cancer and/or pre-cancer lesions will be provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nagayasu Egawa
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 1QP, UK.
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18
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Niyazi M, Han L, Husaiyin S, Aishanjiang A, Guo M, Muhaimati G, Rozi H, Sun H, Lu J, Ma C, Rouzi N, Liu X, Zhu K. Analysis of somatic mutations and key driving factors of cervical cancer progression. Open Med (Wars) 2023; 18:20230759. [PMID: 37533736 PMCID: PMC10390753 DOI: 10.1515/med-2023-0759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated the somatic mutations and key driving factors of cervical cancer by whole exome sequencing . We found 22,183 somatic single nucleotide variations (SNVs) in 52 paired samples. Somatic SNVs in cervical cancer were significantly higher than those in high-grade intraepithelial lesion and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion groups (P < 0.05). C → T/G accounted for 44.12% of base substitution. Copy number variation (false discovery rate < 0.05) was found in 57 chromosome regions. The three regions with significant differences between cervical cancer and non-cervical cancer groups were 1q21.1, 3q26.33, and 13q33.1, covering genes related to tumor proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. The frequency of human papillomavirus (HPV) insertion/integration and the number of "tCw" mutations in the cervical cancer group were significantly higher than those in the non-cervical cancer group (P < 0.05). The total number of mutations was positively correlated with the number of "tCw" mutations (R 2 = 0.7967). HPV insertion/integration (OR = 2.302, CI = 1.523-3.589, P = 0.0005), APOBEC enrichment (OR = 17.875, CI = 2.117-150.937, P = 0.001), and HLA-B*39 in HLA-I (OR = 6.435, CI = 0.823-48.919, P = 0.0042) were risk factors for cervical cancer, while HLA-DQB1*05 in HLA-II was a protective factor (OR = 0.426, CI = 0.197-0.910, P = 0.032). Conclusively, HPV insertion/integration, APOBEC mutagenesis, and HLA polymorphisms are high-risk factors for cervical cancer and may be causes of genome instability and somatic mutations. This study provides experimental data for revealing the molecular mechanism of cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayinuer Niyazi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi830001, China
| | - Lili Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi830001, China
| | - Sulaiya Husaiyin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi830001, China
| | - Ayimila Aishanjiang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi830001, China
| | - Min Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi830001, China
| | - Gulibanu Muhaimati
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi830001, China
| | - Hankez Rozi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi830001, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi830001, China
| | - Jing Lu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi830001, China
| | - Chunhua Ma
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi830001, China
| | - Nuermangul Rouzi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi830001, China
| | - Xiaowan Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi830001, China
| | - Kaichun Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, People’s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, No. 91, Tianchi Road, Tianshan District, Urumqi830001, China
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19
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Mogoantă CA, Ciolofan MS, Istrate-Ofițeru AM, Mogoantă SȘ, Roșu GC, Anghelina F, Căpitanescu AN, Opriscan IC, Ionovici N, Mitroi MR, Badea O, Iovănescu G. HPV and Other Risk Factors Involved in Pharyngeal Neoplasm-Clinical and Morphopathological Correlations in the Southwestern Region of Romania. Pathogens 2023; 12:984. [PMID: 37623944 PMCID: PMC10458356 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12080984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2023] [Revised: 07/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC) development is strongly associated with risk factors like smoking, chronic alcohol consumption, and the living environment, but also chronic human papilloma virus (HPV) infection, which can trigger cascade cellular changes leading to a neoplastic transformation. The prevalence of these factors differs among different world regions, and the prevention, diagnosis, and prognosis of OPSCC are highly dependent on them. We performed a retrospective study on 406 patients diagnosed with OPSCC in our region that were classified according to the tumor type, localization and diagnosis stage, demographic characteristics, risk factors, and histological and immunohistochemical features. We found that most of the patients were men from urban areas with a smoking habit, while most of the women in our study were diagnosed with tonsillar OPSCC and had a history of chronic alcoholism. During the immunohistochemical study, we analyzed the tumor immunoreactivity against anti-p16 and anti-HPV antibodies as markers of HPV involvement in tumor progression, as well as the correlation with the percentage of intratumoral nuclei immunomarked with the anti-Ki 67 antibody in serial samples. We observed that the percentage of Ki67-positive nuclei increased proportionally with the presence of intratumoral HPV; thus, active HPV infection leads to an increase in the rate of tumor progression. Our results support the implementation of strategies for OPSCC prevention and early diagnosis and can be a starting point for future studies aiming at adapting surgical and oncological treatment according to the HPV stage for better therapeutic results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carmen Aurelia Mogoantă
- ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.A.M.); (M.S.C.); (F.A.); (A.-N.C.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Mircea Sorin Ciolofan
- ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.A.M.); (M.S.C.); (F.A.); (A.-N.C.); (M.R.M.)
| | | | | | - Gabriela-Camelia Roșu
- Histology Department, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Florin Anghelina
- ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.A.M.); (M.S.C.); (F.A.); (A.-N.C.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Alina-Nicoleta Căpitanescu
- ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.A.M.); (M.S.C.); (F.A.); (A.-N.C.); (M.R.M.)
| | | | - Nina Ionovici
- Department of Occupational Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Mihaela Roxana Mitroi
- ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania; (C.A.M.); (M.S.C.); (F.A.); (A.-N.C.); (M.R.M.)
| | - Oana Badea
- Department of Modern Languages, University of Medicine and Pharmacy of Craiova, 200349 Craiova, Romania;
| | - Gheorghe Iovănescu
- ENT Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Medicine and Pharmacy Victor Babes, 300041 Timisoara, Romania;
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20
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Martins PR, dos Santos TPM, Menezes LM, Froede AG, Gomes MDS, Nogueira L, Braga LDC, do Amaral LR, Salles PGDO. Association of human papillomavirus (HPV), p16, p53 and p63 expression with non-bilharzia-associated squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder and algorithm construction for histopathological grading prediction. EINSTEIN-SAO PAULO 2023; 21:eAO0109. [PMID: 37132663 PMCID: PMC10124586 DOI: 10.31744/einstein_journal/2023ao0109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the expression of human papillomavirus (HPV), p16, p53, and p63 in non-schistosomiasis-related squamous cell carcinoma of the bladder and to develop an accurate and automated tool to predict histological classification based on clinicopathological features. METHODS Twenty-eight patients with primary bladder pure squamous cell carcinoma who underwent cystectomy or transurethral resection of bladder tumor (TURBT) for bladder cancer between January 2011 and July 2017 were evaluated. Clinical data and follow-up information were obtained from medical records. Formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded surgical specimens were used for immunohistochemical staining for p16, p53, and p63. Human papillomavirus detection was evaluated by PCR. Statistical analysis was performed, and statistical significance was set at p<0.05. Finally, decision trees were built to classify patients' prognostic features. Leave-one-out cross-validation was used to test the generalizability of the model. RESULTS Neither direct HPV detection nor its indirect marker (p16 protein) was identified in most cases. The absence of p16 was correlated with less aggressive histological grading (p=0.040). The positive p16 staining detection found only in pT1 and pT2 cases in our sample suggests a possible role for this tumor suppressor protein in the initial stages of bladder squamous cell carcinoma. The decision trees constructed described the relationship between clinical features, such as hematuria/dysuria, the level of tumor invasion, HPV status, lymphovascular invasion, gender, age, compromised lymph nodes, and tumor degree differentiation, with high classification accuracy. CONCLUSION The algorithm classifier approach established decision pathways for semi-automatic tumor histological classification, laying the foundation for tailored semi-automated decision support systems for pathologists.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrícia Rocha Martins
- Núcleo de Ensino e PesquisaInstituto Mário PennaBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Núcleo de Ensino e Pesquisa, Instituto Mário Penna, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Tálita Pollyanna Moreira dos Santos
- Núcleo de Ensino e PesquisaInstituto Mário PennaBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Núcleo de Ensino e Pesquisa, Instituto Mário Penna, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Letícia Mattos Menezes
- Núcleo de Ensino e PesquisaInstituto Mário PennaBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Núcleo de Ensino e Pesquisa, Instituto Mário Penna, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Astaruth Guimarães Froede
- Núcleo de Ensino e PesquisaInstituto Mário PennaBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Núcleo de Ensino e Pesquisa, Instituto Mário Penna, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Matheus de Souza Gomes
- Universidade Federal de UberlândiaPatos de MinasMGBrazil Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Patos de Minas, MG, Brazil.
| | - Lucas Nogueira
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer CenterNew YorkNYUSA Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Letícia da Conceição Braga
- Núcleo de Ensino e PesquisaInstituto Mário PennaBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Núcleo de Ensino e Pesquisa, Instituto Mário Penna, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
| | - Laurence Rodrigues do Amaral
- Universidade Federal de UberlândiaUberlândiaMGBrazil Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
| | - Paulo Guilherme de Oliveira Salles
- Núcleo de Ensino e PesquisaInstituto Mário PennaBelo HorizonteMGBrazil Núcleo de Ensino e Pesquisa, Instituto Mário Penna, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil.
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21
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Jindra C, Hainisch EK, Brandt S. Immunotherapy of Equine Sarcoids—From Early Approaches to Innovative Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:vaccines11040769. [PMID: 37112681 PMCID: PMC10145708 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11040769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Horses and other equid species are frequently affected by bovine papillomavirus type 1 and/or 2 (BPV1, BPV2)-induced skin tumors termed sarcoids. Although sarcoids do not metastasize, they constitute a serious health problem due to their BPV1/2-mediated resistance to treatment and propensity to recrudesce in a more severe, multiple form following accidental or iatrogenic trauma. This review provides an overview on BPV1/2 infection and associated immune escape in the equid host and presents early and recent immunotherapeutic approaches in sarcoid management.
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22
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Wang C, Bai R, Liu Y, Wang K, Wang Y, Yang J, Cai H, Yang P. Multi-region sequencing depicts intratumor heterogeneity and clonal evolution in cervical cancer. MEDICAL ONCOLOGY (NORTHWOOD, LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 40:78. [PMID: 36635412 DOI: 10.1007/s12032-022-01942-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Cervical cancer is a heterogeneous malignancy mainly caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). While a few studies have revealed heterogeneity of cervical cancer in chromosome levels, the correlation between genetic heterogeneity and HPV integration in cervical cancer remains unknown. Here, we applied multi-region whole-exome sequencing and HPV integration analysis to explore intratumor heterogeneity in cervical cancer. We sequenced 20 tumor regions and 5 adjacent normal tissues from 5 cervical cancer patients, analysis based on somatic mutations and somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) levels were performed. Variable heterogeneity was observed between the five patients with different tumor stages and HPV infection statuses. We found HPV integration has a positive effect on somatic mutation burden, but the relation to SCNAs remains unclear. Frequently mutated genes in cervical cancer were identified as trunk events, such as FBXW7, PIK3CA, FAT1 in somatic mutations and TP63, MECOM, PIK3CA, TBL1XR1 in SCNAs. New potential driver genes in cervical cancer were summarized including POU2F2, TCF7 and UBE2A. The SCNAs level has potential relation with tumor stage, and Signature 3 related to homologous recombination deficiency may be the appropriate biomarker in advanced cervical cancer. Mutation signature analysis also revealed a potential pattern that APOBEC-associated signature occurs in early stage and signatures associated with DNA damage repair arise at the later stage of cervical cancer evolution. In a conclusion, our study provides insights into the potential relationship between HPV infection and tumor heterogeneity. Those results enhanced our understanding of tumorigenesis and progression in cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Rui Bai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832008, China
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832008, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Jian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China
| | - Haoyang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment, Center of Growth, Metabolism, and Aging, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610064, China.
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Shihezi University, Shihezi, 832008, China.
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23
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Zhou Y, Shi X, Liu J, Zhang L. Correlation between human papillomavirus viral load and cervical lesions classification: A review of current research. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1111269. [PMID: 36895724 PMCID: PMC9988912 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1111269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the fourth largest malignant tumor among women in the world. Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection can lead to cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) and cervical cancer. Active papillomavirus infection occurs when the infected basal cells replicate and fill a certain area. Persistent HPV infection can lead to squamous intraepithelial lesions, which are divided into CIN1, CIN2, and CIN3 according to how much epithelium is impacted. Different types of HPV have different possibilities of causing cervical cancer, and high-risk HPV is the main cause of cervical cancer. Research showed that viral load may be an indicator of the progression of cervical precancerous lesions, but this association does not seem to be universal. This article aims to summarize different genotypes, multiple infections, especially viral load, in cervical precancerous lesions, to guide early intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilu Zhou
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Diseases, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shi
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Diseases, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Jiaxin Liu
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Diseases, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
| | - Lina Zhang
- Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Cervical Diseases, Changzhou Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Changzhou Medical Center, Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, China
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24
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Piña-Sánchez P. Human Papillomavirus: Challenges and Opportunities for the Control of Cervical Cancer. Arch Med Res 2022; 53:753-769. [PMID: 36462952 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcmed.2022.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Viruses are the most abundant and genetically diverse entities on the planet, infect all life forms and have evolved with their hosts. To date, 263 viral species have been identified that infect humans, of which only seven are considered type I oncogenic. Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the main virus associated with cancer and is responsible for practically all cases of cervical carcinoma. Screening tests for early detection have been available since the 1960s. Undoubtedly, the entailment between knowledge of HPV biology and the natural history of cervical cancer has contributed to the significant advances that have been made for its prevention since the 21st century, with the development of prophylactic vaccines and improved screening strategies. Therefore, it is possible to eradicate invasive cervical cancer as a worldwide public health problem, as proposed by the WHO with the 90-70-90 initiative based on vaccination coverage, screening, and treatment, respectively. In addition, the emerging knowledge of viral biology generates opportunities that will contribute to strengthening prevention and treatment strategies in HPV-associated neoplasms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Piña-Sánchez
- Laboratorio Molecular de Oncología, Unidad de Investigación Oncológica, Centro Médico Nacional Siglo XXI, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Ciudad de México, México.
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25
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Sun Q, Wang L, Zhang C, Hong Z, Han Z. Cervical cancer heterogeneity: a constant battle against viruses and drugs. Biomark Res 2022; 10:85. [PMCID: PMC9670454 DOI: 10.1186/s40364-022-00428-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 10/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the first identified human papillomavirus (HPV) associated cancer and the most promising malignancy to be eliminated. However, the ever-changing virus subtypes and acquired multiple drug resistance continue to induce failure of tumor prevention and treatment. The exploration of cervical cancer heterogeneity is the crucial way to achieve effective prevention and precise treatment. Tumor heterogeneity exists in various aspects including the immune clearance of viruses, tumorigenesis, neoplasm recurrence, metastasis and drug resistance. Tumor development and drug resistance are often driven by potential gene amplification and deletion, not only somatic genomic alterations, but also copy number amplifications, histone modification and DNA methylation. Genomic rearrangements may occur by selection effects from chemotherapy or radiotherapy which exhibits genetic intra-tumor heterogeneity in advanced cervical cancers. The combined application of cervical cancer therapeutic vaccine and immune checkpoint inhibitors has become an effective strategy to address the heterogeneity of treatment. In this review, we will integrate classic and recently updated epidemiological data on vaccination rates, screening rates, incidence and mortality of cervical cancer patients worldwide aiming to understand the current situation of disease prevention and control and identify the direction of urgent efforts. Additionally, we will focus on the tumor environment to summarize the conditions of immune clearance and gene integration after different HPV infections and to explore the genomic factors of tumor heterogeneity. Finally, we will make a thorough inquiry into completed and ongoing phase III clinical trials in cervical cancer and summarize molecular mechanisms of drug resistance among chemotherapy, radiotherapy, biotherapy, and immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Sun
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Liangliang Wang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Cong Zhang
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhenya Hong
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Hematology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- grid.33199.310000 0004 0368 7223Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430030, Hubei, China
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26
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Yang Q, Du H, Qu X, Dai W, Gui L, Li C, Wang C, Guo C, Zhang Y, Wei L, Belinson JL, Wu R. Comparison of cycle threshold values of the Cobas HPV test and viral loads of the BMRT HPV test in cervical cancer screening. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1010066. [PMID: 36438219 PMCID: PMC9686283 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1010066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To validate the HPV viral loads that are reflected by the cycle threshold values of Cobas4800 as the viral load indicators by verifying the consistency of the viral loads per unit (10,000 cells) from the BMRT assay. Methods The analysis is based on data from the Chinese Multi-Center Screening Trial (CHIMUST). The cases included in the analysis are all positive for physician-collected hrHPV on SeqHPV and/or Cobas4800 or negative for hrHPV but abnormal in cytology (≥LSIL), and some cases selected by nested case-control randomization from those negative for physician-collected hrHPV and cytology. With HPV testing results and relevant Ct values from Cobas4800 available, we tested the entire sample set with the BMRT HPV testing assay and analyzed their agreement with Cobas4800, followed by a comparison of the CtV from Cobas4800 and viral loads (lg) from BMRT by lesion grade. Results We included 4,485 women (mean age: 45.4 years) in the study, and 4,290 had complete data. The consistency of genotypes from Cobas4800 and BMRT for hrHPV, HPV-16, HPV-18, and 12-HPV pools was 94.9% (4070/4290, Kappa = 0.827), 99.1% (4251/4290, Kappa = 0.842), 99.6% (4,273/4,290, Kappa = 0.777), and 95.3% (4,089/4,290, Kappa = 0.821), respectively. Further analysis shows that any inconsistency between the two assays is likely among samples with comparatively lower viral loads. When analyzing per lesions of CIN2+ and CIN3+, the CtV from Cobas4800 and VL (lg) from BMRT are highly correlated inversely and follow the linear regression for HPV16 and 12-HPV pool (Pearson's or Spearman's correlation coefficient (r): In CIN3+, r HPV16 = -0.641, P < 0.001; r 12-HPVpool = -0.343, P = 0.109; In CIN2+, r HPV16 = -0.754, P < 0.001; r 12-HPVpool = -0.429, P < 0.001). Conclusion The CtV from Cobas4800 and the viral loads (lg) of per unit cells from the BMRT are well correlated for lesion grading when tested on physician-collected samples. Cobas-CtV is worthy of further study for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Yang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China,Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University–Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynecologic Diseases, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hui Du
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China,Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University–Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynecologic Diseases, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Xinfeng Qu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China,Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University–Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wenkui Dai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China,Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University–Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynecologic Diseases, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Liming Gui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China,Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University–Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynecologic Diseases, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Changzhong Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China,Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University–Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynecologic Diseases, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China,Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University–Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynecologic Diseases, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Chunlei Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China,Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University–Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynecologic Diseases, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China,Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University–Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynecologic Diseases, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Lihui Wei
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing, China,*Correspondence: Lihui Wei
| | - J. L. Belinson
- Preventive Oncology International, Inc., The Women's Health Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, United States,J. L. Belinson
| | - Ruifang Wu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China,Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Peking University–Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (PKU-HKUST) Medical Center, Shenzhen, China,Shenzhen Key Laboratory on Technology for Early Diagnosis of Major Gynecologic Diseases, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen, China,Ruifang Wu
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27
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Ramberg IMS. Human papillomavirus-related neoplasia of the ocular adnexa. Acta Ophthalmol 2022; 100 Suppl 272:3-33. [PMID: 36203222 PMCID: PMC9827891 DOI: 10.1111/aos.15244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are involved in approximately 5% of solid cancers worldwide. The mucosotropic genotypes infect the stratified epithelium of various locations, where persistent infection may lead to invasive carcinomas. While the causative role of HPV in certain anogenital and head and neck carcinomas is well established, the role of HPV in carcinomas arising in the mucosal membranes of the ocular adnexal tissue (the lacrimal drainage system and the conjunctiva) has been a topic of great uncertainty. Therefore, we conducted a series of studies to assess the correlation between HPV and carcinomas arising in the mucosa of the ocular adnexal tissue and characterize the clinical, histopathological, and genomic features of the tumors in the context of HPV status in a Danish nationwide cohort. We collected clinical and histopathological data and tumor specimens from patients with carcinomas of the conjunctiva and the lacrimal drainage system, and their potential precursors, identified in Danish nationwide registries. The HPV status of the tumors was determined by the combined use of HPV DNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), HPV E6/E7 mRNA in-situ hybridization, and p16 immunohistochemistry. The genomic profile was investigated by high-throughput DNA sequencing targeting 523 cancer-relevant genes. The literature to date on carcinomas of the lacrimal drainage system and the conjunctiva was summarized. In the Danish cohort, 67% of all carcinomas of the lacrimal drainage system and 21% of all conjunctival carcinomas were HPV-positive. HPV16 was the most frequently implicated genotype. A full-thickness expression of the viral oncogenes E6 and E7 was evident in almost all HPV DNA-positive cases. The HPV-positive carcinomas of the conjunctiva and the lacrimal drainage system shared histopathological and genomic features distinct from their HPV-negative counterparts. The HPV-positive carcinomas were characterized by a non-keratinizing morphology, p16 overexpression, high transcriptional activity of HPV E6/E7, and frequent pathogenic variants in the PI3K-AKT signaling cascade. In contrast, the HPV-negative carcinomas were characterized by a keratinizing morphology, lack of p16 and E6/E7 expression, and frequent somatic pathogenic variants in TP53, CDKN2A, and RB1. Among the patients with conjunctival tumors, HPV positivity was associated with a younger age at diagnosis and a higher risk of recurrence. In conclusion, the results support an etiological role of HPV in a subset of conjunctival and LDS carcinomas and their precursor lesions. Our investigations have shown that the HPV-positive carcinomas of the ocular adnexa share genomic and phenotypic characteristics with HPV-positive carcinomas of other anatomical locations. Therefore, these patients may be eligible for inclusion in future basket trials and future treatment regimens tailored to the more frequently occurring HPV-positive carcinomas of other locations. Future research will further elucidate the diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive role of HPV in these carcinomas.
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Løvestad AH, Repesa A, Costanzi JM, Lagström S, Christiansen IK, Rounge TB, Ambur OH. Differences in integration frequencies and APOBEC3 profiles of five high-risk HPV types adheres to phylogeny. Tumour Virus Res 2022; 14:200247. [PMID: 36100161 PMCID: PMC9485212 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvr.2022.200247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Persistent infection with Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is responsible for almost all cases of cervical cancers, and HPV16 and HPV18 associated with the majority of these. These types differ in the proportion of viral minor nucleotide variants (MNVs) caused by APOBEC3 mutagenesis as well as integration frequencies. Whether these traits extend to other types remains uncertain. This study aimed to investigate and compare genomic variability and chromosomal integration in the two phylogenetically distinct Alpha-7 and Alpha-9 clades of carcinogenic HPV types. The TaME-seq protocol was employed to sequence cervical cell samples positive for HPV31, HPV33 or HPV45 and combine these with data from a previous study on HPV16 and HPV18. APOBEC3 mutation signatures were found in Alpha-9 (HPV16/31/33) but not in Alpha-7 (HPV18/45). HPV45 had significantly more MNVs compared to the other types. Alpha-7 had higher integration frequency compared to Alpha-9. An increase in integration frequency with increased diagnostic severity was found for Alpha-7. The results highlight important differences and broaden our understanding of the molecular mechanisms behind cervical cancer induced by high-risk HPV types from the Alpha-7 and Alpha-9 clades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Hesselberg Løvestad
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Adina Repesa
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway
| | - Jean-Marc Costanzi
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Sonja Lagström
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway,Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway,Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Irene Kraus Christiansen
- Department of Microbiology and Infection Control, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway,Department of Clinical Molecular Biology (EpiGen), Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital and University of Oslo, Lørenskog, Norway
| | - Trine B. Rounge
- Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway,Centre for Bioinformatics, Department of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway,Corresponding author. Department of Research, Cancer Registry of Norway, Oslo, Norway
| | - Ole Herman Ambur
- Department of Life Sciences and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, OsloMet - Oslo Metropolitan University, Oslo, Norway,Corresponding authors.
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Katerji M, Bertucci A, Filippov V, Vazquez M, Chen X, Duerksen-Hughes PJ. Proton-induced DNA damage promotes integration of foreign plasmid DNA into human genome. Front Oncol 2022; 12:928545. [PMID: 36119491 PMCID: PMC9478911 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2022.928545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomaviruses (HPVs) cause virtually all cervical cancer cases and are also associated with other types of anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers. Normally, HPV exists as a circular episomal DNA in the infected cell. However, in some instances, it integrates into the human genome in such a way as to enable increased expression of viral oncogenes, thereby leading to carcinogenesis. Since viral integration requires breaks in both viral and human genomes, DNA damage likely plays a key role in this critical process. One potentially significant source of DNA damage is exposure to elevated doses of ionizing radiation. Natural background radiation is ubiquitous; however, some populations, including radiological workers, radiotherapy patients, and astronauts, are exposed to significantly higher radiation doses, as well as to different types of radiation such as particle radiation. We hypothesize that ionizing radiation-induced DNA damage facilitates the integration of HPV into the human genome, increasing the risk of developing HPV-related cancers in the exposed population. To test this, we first determined the kinetics of DNA damage in keratinocytes exposed to ionizing radiation (protons) by assessing γ-H2AX foci formation using immunofluorescence (direct damage), and also measured ROS and 8-oxoG levels via DCFDA and Avidin-FITC (indirect damage).As anticipated, direct DNA damage was observed promptly, within 30 min, whereas indirect DNA damage was delayed due to the time required for ROS to accumulate and cause oxidative damage. Although radiation was lethal at high doses, we were able to establish an experimental system where radiation exposure (protons and X-rays) induced DNA damage dose-dependently without causing major cytotoxic effects as assessed by several cytotoxicity assays. Most importantly, we explored the impact of radiation exposure on integration frequency using a clonogenic assay and demonstrated that as predicted, proton-induced DNA damage promotes the integration of HPV-like foreign DNA in oral keratinocytes. Overall, the insights gained from this work enable us to better understand the contribution of radiation exposure and DNA damage to HPV-mediated carcinogenesis and direct us toward strategies aimed at preventing malignancies in HPV-infected individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghri Katerji
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Antonella Bertucci
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Valery Filippov
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Marcelo Vazquez
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Department of Radiation Medicine, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Xin Chen
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- Center for Genomics, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Penelope J. Duerksen-Hughes
- Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Penelope J. Duerksen-Hughes,
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Gardella B, Gritti A, Soleymaninejadian E, Pasquali MF, Riemma G, La Verde M, Schettino MT, Fortunato N, Torella M, Dominoni M. New Perspectives in Therapeutic Vaccines for HPV: A Critical Review. Medicina (B Aires) 2022; 58:medicina58070860. [PMID: 35888579 PMCID: PMC9315585 DOI: 10.3390/medicina58070860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/19/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus is the main cause of cervical cancer, including squamous cell carcinoma of the oropharynx, anus, rectum, penis, vagina, and vulva. In recent years, considerable effort has been made to control HPV-induced diseases using either prophylactic or therapeutic approaches. A critical review of the literature about the therapeutic Human Papillomavirus vaccine was performed to analyze its efficacy in the treatment of female lower genital tract lesions and its possible perspective application in clinical practice. The most important medical databases were consulted, and all papers published from 2000 until 2021 were considered. We retrieved a group of seven papers, reporting the role of anti HPV therapeutic vaccines against the L2 protein in the order of their efficacy and safety in female lower genital tract disease. In addition, the immune response due to vaccine administration was evaluated. The development of therapeutic vaccines represents an interesting challenge for the treatment of HPV infection of the lower genital tract. Literature data underline that the L2 protein may be an interesting and promising target in the development of therapeutic HPV vaccines, but the possible strengths and the unclear longevity of L2 immune responses are factors to be considered before clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gardella
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (B.G.); (M.F.P.); (M.D.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Fundation Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Andrea Gritti
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (B.G.); (M.F.P.); (M.D.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Fundation Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-00382-503722
| | - Ehsan Soleymaninejadian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Fundation Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Marianna Francesca Pasquali
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (B.G.); (M.F.P.); (M.D.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Fundation Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Gaetano Riemma
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (M.L.V.); (M.T.S.); (N.F.); (M.T.)
| | - Marco La Verde
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (M.L.V.); (M.T.S.); (N.F.); (M.T.)
| | - Maria Teresa Schettino
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (M.L.V.); (M.T.S.); (N.F.); (M.T.)
| | - Nicola Fortunato
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (M.L.V.); (M.T.S.); (N.F.); (M.T.)
| | - Marco Torella
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Unit, Department of Woman, Child and General and Specialized Surgery, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Naples, Italy; (G.R.); (M.L.V.); (M.T.S.); (N.F.); (M.T.)
| | - Mattia Dominoni
- Department of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic and Paediatric Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (B.G.); (M.F.P.); (M.D.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, IRCCS Fundation Policlinico San Matteo, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
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Long-read sequencing unveils high-resolution HPV integration and its oncogenic progression in cervical cancer. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2563. [PMID: 35538075 PMCID: PMC9091225 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30190-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Integration of human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA into the human genome is considered as a key event in cervical carcinogenesis. Here, we perform comprehensive characterization of large-range virus-human integration events in 16 HPV16-positive cervical tumors using the Nanopore long-read sequencing technology. Four distinct integration types characterized by the integrated HPV DNA segments are identified with Type B being particularly notable as lacking E6/E7 genes. We further demonstrate that multiple clonal integration events are involved in the use of shared breakpoints, the induction of inter-chromosomal translocations and the formation of extrachromosomal circular virus-human hybrid structures. Combined with the corresponding RNA-seq data, we highlight LINC00290, LINC02500 and LENG9 as potential driver genes in cervical cancer. Finally, we reveal the spatial relationship of HPV integration and its various structural variations as well as their functional consequences in cervical cancer. These findings provide insight into HPV integration and its oncogenic progression in cervical cancer. The molecular mechanisms underlying cervical carcinogenesis following integration of HPV DNA into the human genome remain elusive. Here, the authors perform long-read sequencing in 16 HPV16-positive cervical tumors and identify distinct integration types, structural variations and potential driver genes.
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Läsche M, Gallwas J, Gründker C. Like Brothers in Arms: How Hormonal Stimuli and Changes in the Metabolism Signaling Cooperate, Leading HPV Infection to Drive the Onset of Cervical Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095050. [PMID: 35563441 PMCID: PMC9103757 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 04/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite all precautionary actions and the possibility of using vaccinations to counteract infections caused by human papillomaviruses (HPVs), HPV-related cancers still account for approximately 5% of all carcinomas. Worldwide, many women are still excluded from adequate health care due to their social position and origin. Therefore, immense efforts in research and therapy are still required to counteract the challenges that this disease entails. The special thing about an HPV infection is that it is not only able to trick the immune system in a sophisticated way, but also, through genetic integration into the host genome, to use all the resources available to the host cells to complete the replication cycle of the virus without activating the alarm mechanisms of immune recognition and elimination. The mechanisms utilized by the virus are the metabolic, immune, and hormonal signaling pathways that it manipulates. Since the virus is dependent on replication enzymes of the host cells, it also intervenes in the cell cycle of the differentiating keratinocytes and shifts their terminal differentiation to the uppermost layers of the squamocolumnar transformation zone (TZ) of the cervix. The individual signaling pathways are closely related and equally important not only for the successful replication of the virus but also for the onset of cervical cancer. We will therefore analyze the effects of HPV infection on metabolic signaling, as well as changes in hormonal and immune signaling in the tumor and its microenvironment to understand how each level of signaling interacts to promote tumorigenesis of cervical cancer.
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Mainguené J, Vacher S, Kamal M, Hamza A, Masliah‐Planchon J, Baulande S, Ibadioune S, Borcoman E, Cacheux W, Calugaru V, Courtois L, Crozes C, Deloger M, Girard E, Delord J, Dubray‐Vautrin A, Larbi Chérif L, Dupain C, Jeannot E, Klijanienko J, Lameiras S, Lecerf C, Modesto A, Nicolas A, Rouzier R, Saada‐Bouzid E, Saintigny P, Sudaka A, Servant N, Le Tourneau C, Bièche I. Human papilloma virus integration sites and genomic signatures in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Mol Oncol 2022; 16:3001-3016. [PMID: 35398964 PMCID: PMC9394244 DOI: 10.1002/1878-0261.13219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
A prevalence of around 26% of human papillomavirus (HPV) in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) has been previously reported. HPV induced oncogenesis mainly involving E6 and E7 viral oncoproteins. In some cases, HPV viral DNA has been detected to integrate with the host genome and possibly contributes to carcinogenesis by affecting the gene expression. We retrospectively assessed HPV integration sites and signatures in 80 HPV positive patients with HNSCC, by using a double capture‐HPV method followed by next‐generation Sequencing. We detected HPV16 in 90% of the analyzed cohort and confirmed five previously described mechanistic signatures of HPV integration [episomal (EPI), integrated in a truncated form revealing two HPV‐chromosomal junctions colinear (2J‐COL) or nonlinear (2J‐NL), multiple hybrid junctions clustering in a single chromosomal region (MJ‐CL) or scattered over different chromosomal regions (MJ‐SC) of the human genome]. Our results suggested that HPV remained episomal in 38.8% of the cases or was integrated/mixed in the remaining 61.2% of patients with HNSCC. We showed a lack of association of HPV genomic signatures to tumour and patient characteristics, as well as patient survival. Similar to other HPV associated cancers, low HPV copy number was associated with worse prognosis. We identified 267 HPV‐human junctions scattered on most chromosomes. Remarkably, we observed four recurrent integration regions: PDL1/PDL2/PLGRKT (8.2%), MYC/PVT1 (6.1%), MACROD2 (4.1%) and KLF5/KLF12 regions (4.1%). We detected the overexpression of PDL1 and MYC upon integration by gene expression analysis. In conclusion, we identified recurrent targeting of several cancer genes such as PDL1 and MYC upon HPV integration, suggesting a role of altered gene expression by HPV integration during HNSCC carcinogenesis.
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Proulx J, Ghaly M, Park IW, Borgmann K. HIV-1-Mediated Acceleration of Oncovirus-Related Non-AIDS-Defining Cancers. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10040768. [PMID: 35453518 PMCID: PMC9024568 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10040768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
With the advent of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), overall survival has been improved, and the incidence of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)-defining cancers has also been remarkably reduced. However, non-AIDS-defining cancers among human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)-associated malignancies have increased significantly so that cancer is the leading cause of death in people living with HIV in certain highly developed countries, such as France. However, it is currently unknown how HIV-1 infection raises oncogenic virus-mediated cancer risks in the HIV-1 and oncogenic virus co-infected patients, and thus elucidation of the molecular mechanisms for how HIV-1 expedites the oncogenic viruses-triggered tumorigenesis in the co-infected hosts is imperative for developing therapeutics to cure or impede the carcinogenesis. Hence, this review is focused on HIV-1 and oncogenic virus co-infection-mediated molecular processes in the acceleration of non-AIDS-defining cancers.
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Modelling Chlamydia and HPV co-infection in patient-derived ectocervix organoids reveals distinct cellular reprogramming. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1030. [PMID: 35210413 PMCID: PMC8873204 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Coinfections with pathogenic microbes continually confront cervical mucosa, yet their implications in pathogenesis remain unclear. Lack of in-vitro models recapitulating cervical epithelium has been a bottleneck to study coinfections. Using patient-derived ectocervical organoids, we systematically modeled individual and coinfection dynamics of Human papillomavirus (HPV)16 E6E7 and Chlamydia, associated with carcinogenesis. The ectocervical stem cells were genetically manipulated to introduce E6E7 oncogenes to mimic HPV16 integration. Organoids from these stem cells develop the characteristics of precancerous lesions while retaining the self-renewal capacity and organize into mature stratified epithelium similar to healthy organoids. HPV16 E6E7 interferes with Chlamydia development and induces persistence. Unique transcriptional and post-translational responses induced by Chlamydia and HPV lead to distinct reprogramming of host cell processes. Strikingly, Chlamydia impedes HPV-induced mechanisms that maintain cellular and genome integrity, including mismatch repair in the stem cells. Together, our study employing organoids demonstrates the hazard of multiple infections and the unique cellular microenvironment they create, potentially contributing to neoplastic progression. Here, Koster et al., model human papillomavirus and Chlamydia coinfection dynamics in patient-derived ectocervical organoids, and characterize the effects of multiple infections in the cellular microenvironment, potentially contributing to neoplasia.
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Alcaniz Boada E, Cuschieri K, Graham C, Moncur S, Bhatia R. Agreement between L1 and E6/E7-based assays for detection of high-risk HPV in cervical, oropharyngeal and penile cancers. J Clin Pathol 2022:jclinpath-2021-208054. [PMID: 35135864 DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2021-208054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Human papillomavirus (HPV) molecular testing targets either the late gene L1 or early genes E6 and/or E7. Loss of L1 during integration is suggested to compromise sensitivity in samples associated with cancer, however, clear evidence for this is lacking. Our aim is to address this by performing a head-to-head comparison between assays targeting L1 vs E6/E7, using a series of high-grade and invasive disease samples within different biological matrices and anatomical sites. METHODS We obtained 298 samples comprising of liquid-based cytology and biopsies of cervical cancer and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 3, in addition to biopsies of penile and oropharyngeal cancers. Two commercially available HPV primary screening assays and two assays with extended genotyping were applied to the sample set targeting L1 (Abbott RealTime HR HPV Assay and Optiplex HPV Genotyping Test) and E6/E7 genes (Xpert HPV Test and EuroArray HPV Test). RESULTS Agreement for high-risk HPV (hrHPV) for all samples types between the screening assays is over 88% and over 96% for the two genotyping assays. For HPV 16 agreement is over 90% for both screening and genotyping assays. Kappa statistics show good to very good agreement between the screening and genotyping assays for hrHPV and HPV 16. CONCLUSIONS Analysis of the valid results from our data indicates that L1 and E6/E7 targeting assays show similar performance for detection of hrHPV in high grade cervical lesions and cancers of cervix, penis and oropharynx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elia Alcaniz Boada
- HPV Research Group, The University of Edinburgh MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Catriona Graham
- University of Edinburgh, Clinical Research Facility, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Sharon Moncur
- HPV Research Group, The University of Edinburgh MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ramya Bhatia
- HPV Research Group, The University of Edinburgh MRC Centre for Reproductive Health, Edinburgh, UK .,Laboratory Medicine, SHPVRL, NHS Lothian, Edinburgh, UK
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Detecting Bacterial-Human Lateral Gene Transfer in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031094. [PMID: 35163016 PMCID: PMC8835664 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/13/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a very common and mostly incurable B-cell malignancy. Recent studies revealed high interpatient mutational heterogeneity and worsened therapy response and survival of patients with complex genomic aberrations. In line with this, a better understanding of the underlying mechanisms of specific genetic aberrations would reveal new prognostic factors and possible therapeutic targets. It is known that chromosomal rearrangements including DNA insertions often play a role during carcinogenesis. Recently it was reported that bacteria (microbiome)–human lateral gene transfer occurs in somatic cells and is enriched in cancer samples. To further investigate this mechanism in CLL, we analyzed paired-end RNA sequencing data of 45 CLL patients and 9 healthy donors, in which we particularly searched for bacterial DNA integrations into the human somatic genome. Applying the Burrows–Wheeler aligner (BWA) first on a human genome and then on bacterial genome references, we differentiated between sequencing reads mapping to the human genome, to the microbiome or to bacterial integrations into the human genome. Our results indicate that CLL samples featured bacterial DNA integrations more frequently (approx. two-fold) compared to normal samples, which corroborates the latest findings in other cancer entities. Moreover, we determined common integration sites and recurrent integrated bacterial transcripts. Finally, we investigated the contribution of bacterial integrations to oncogenesis and disease progression.
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38
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Yang S, Zhao Q, Tang L, Chen Z, Wu Z, Li K, Lin R, Chen Y, Ou D, Zhou L, Xu J, Qin Q. Whole Genome Assembly of Human Papillomavirus by Nanopore Long-Read Sequencing. Front Genet 2022; 12:798608. [PMID: 35058971 PMCID: PMC8764290 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.798608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a causal agent for most cervical cancers. The physical status of the HPV genome in these cancers could be episomal, integrated, or both. HPV integration could serve as a biomarker for clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis. Although whole-genome sequencing by next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies, such as the Illumina sequencing platform, have been used for detecting integrated HPV genome in cervical cancer, it faces challenges of analyzing long repeats and translocated sequences. In contrast, Oxford nanopore sequencing technology can generate ultra-long reads, which could be a very useful tool for determining HPV genome sequence and its physical status in cervical cancer. As a proof of concept, in this study, we completed whole genome sequencing from a cervical cancer tissue and a CaSki cell line with Oxford Nanopore Technologies. From the cervical cancer tissue, a 7,894 bp-long HPV35 genomic sequence was assembled from 678 reads at 97-fold coverage of HPV genome, sharing 99.96% identity with the HPV sequence obtained by Sanger sequencing. A 7904 bp-long HPV16 genomic sequence was assembled from data generated from the CaSki cell line at 3857-fold coverage, sharing 99.99% identity with the reference genome (NCBI: U89348). Intriguingly, long reads generated by nanopore sequencing directly revealed chimeric cellular-viral sequences and concatemeric genomic sequences, leading to the discovery of 448 unique integration breakpoints in the CaSki cell line and 60 breakpoints in the cervical cancer sample. Taken together, nanopore sequencing is a unique tool to identify HPV sequences and would shed light on the physical status of HPV genome in its associated cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaibing Yang
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qianqian Zhao
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Lihua Tang
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zejia Chen
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Zhaoting Wu
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Kaixin Li
- Undergraduate Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Ruoru Lin
- Undergraduate Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Undergraduate Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Danlin Ou
- Undergraduate Program of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Li Zhou
- Department of Gynecologic Oncology, Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Jianzhen Xu
- Computational Systems Biology Lab, Department of Bioinformatics, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Qingsong Qin
- Laboratory of Human Virology and Oncology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Immunopathology, Shantou, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Diagnosis and Treatment of Breast Cancer, Shantou, China
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Xu X, Han Z, Ruan Y, Liu M, Cao G, Li C, Li F. HPV16-LINC00393 Integration Alters Local 3D Genome Architecture in Cervical Cancer Cells. Front Cell Infect Microbiol 2021; 11:785169. [PMID: 34950609 PMCID: PMC8691139 DOI: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.785169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
High-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection and integration were considered as essential onset factors for the development of cervical cancer. However, the mechanism on how hrHPV integration influences the host genome structure remains not fully understood. In this study, we performed in situ high-throughput chromosome conformation capture (Hi-C) sequencing, chromatin immunoprecipitation and sequencing (ChIP-seq), and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) in two cervical cells, 1) NHEK normal human epidermal keratinocyte; and 2) HPV16-integrated SiHa tumorigenic cervical cancer cells. Our results reveal that the HPV-LINC00393 integrated chromosome 13 exhibited significant genomic variation and differential gene expression, which was verified by calibrated CTCF and H3K27ac ChIP-Seq chromatin restructuring. Importantly, HPV16 integration led to differential responses in topologically associated domain (TAD) boundaries, with a decrease in the tumor suppressor KLF12 expression downstream of LINC00393. Overall, this study provides significant insight into the understanding of HPV16 integration induced 3D structural changes and their contributions on tumorigenesis, which supplements the theory basis for the cervical carcinogenic mechanism of HPV16 integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinxin Xu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiqiang Han
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yetian Ruan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guangxu Cao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Fang Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, East Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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40
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Hu Q, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Ge Y, Yin Y, Zhu H. A New HPV score System Predicts the Survival of Patients With Cervical Cancers. Front Genet 2021; 12:747090. [PMID: 34925445 PMCID: PMC8672055 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.747090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent high-risk human papillomavirus (hrHPV) infection is confirmed as the major cause of cervical cancer. According to the HPV infection status, cervical cancer could be generalized as following three subgroups: HPV-negative, pure HPV-infection, and HPV-integration. Currently, the impact of HPV status on cervical cancer prognosis remains under dispute. Therefore, we explored the potential correlation between HPV status and the clinical outcome of cervical cancer, by establishing a robust prognostic predicting model based on a cervical cancer cohort using The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) database. We performed an iCluster algorithm incorporating DNA copy number variation, SNP, DNA methylation, mRNA expression, and miRNA expression profile together and classified the cohort into three clusters. According to defined clusters, we established an HPV score system by weighing resultant gene alterations through random forest and COX models. This prediction tool could help to identify cervical cancer prognosis through evaluating individual HPV infection status and subsequent genetic modification, which might provide insights into HPV-related gene driven cervical cancer treatment strategies, yet its predictive power and robustness need to be further verified with independent cohorts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qunchao Hu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yani Wang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuchen Zhang
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanjun Ge
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yihua Yin
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haiyan Zhu
- Department of Gynecology, Shanghai First Maternity and Infant Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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41
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Xiong J, Tan S, Yu L, Shen H, Qu S, Zhang C, Ren C, Zhu D, Wang H. E7-Targeted Nanotherapeutics for Key HPV Afflicted Cervical Lesions by Employing CRISPR/Cas9 and Poly (Beta-Amino Ester). Int J Nanomedicine 2021; 16:7609-7622. [PMID: 34819726 PMCID: PMC8606985 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s335277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Persistent HR-HPV (high-risk human papillomavirus) infection is the main cause of cervical cancer. The HPV oncogene E7 plays a key role in HPV tumorigenesis. At present, HPV preventive vaccines are not effective for patients who already have a cervical disease, and implementation of the recommended regular cervical screening is difficult in countries and regions lacking medical resources. Therefore, patients need medications to treat existing HPV infections and thus block the progression of cervical disease. Methods In this study, we developed nanoparticles (NPs) composed of the non-viral vector PBAE546 and a CRISPR/Cas9 recombinant plasmid targeting HPV16 E7 as a vaginal treatment for HPV infection and related cervical malignancies. Results Our NPs showed low toxicity and high biological safety both in vitro (cell line viability) and in vivo (various important organs of mice). Our NPs significantly inhibited the growth of xenograft tumors derived from cervical cancer cell lines in nude mice and significantly reversed the cervical epithelial malignant phenotype of HPV16 transgenic mice. Conclusion Our NPs have great potential to be developed as a drug for the treatment of HPV-related cervical cancer and precancerous lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Songwei Tan
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Long Yu
- Department of Pathogen Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Qu
- School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Tongji School of Pharmacy, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Ci Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Da Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, People's Republic of China
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42
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Li J, Zhang X, Wang P, Li W. The Help of HPV Integration Testing to Avoid the Misdiagnosis of a Patient with Stage Ia1 Cervical Cancer: A Case Report and Literature Review. Pharmgenomics Pers Med 2021; 14:1457-1461. [PMID: 34819743 PMCID: PMC8608241 DOI: 10.2147/pgpm.s310345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Screening and prevention in the early stage of cervical cancer could improve the 5-year survival rate of cervical cancer by up to 90%. The occurrence rate of human papillomavirus (HPV) integration has gradually increased with the development of cervical lesions. Here, we report the case of a 43-year-old woman diagnosed with chronic cervicitis based on cervical biopsy results. After medical consultation, surgery was recommended to the patient considering her 64 HPV integration sites and other biochemical and clinical test results. The pathology result of the conical biopsy obtained during operation confirmed that both her cervix and the glands had high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia III (HSIL/CIN III). The patient underwent uterectomy and bilateral salpingectomy and was discharged thereafter. The diagnosis of the patient was revised to stage Ia1 cervical cancer. The number of HPV integration sites is suggested to be an auxiliary indicator in the early screening of cervical cancer for predicting high-grade CIN and invasive cervical cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jialu Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Southern Medical University, Hainan Hospital of PLA General Hospital, Hainan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoli Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Three Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Pengpeng Wang
- MyGenostics Inc., Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Weiping Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seven Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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43
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Multi-omics mapping of human papillomavirus integration sites illuminates novel cervical cancer target genes. Br J Cancer 2021; 125:1408-1419. [PMID: 34526665 PMCID: PMC8575955 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01545-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Integration of human papillomavirus (HPV) into the host genome is a dominant feature of invasive cervical cancer (ICC), yet the tumorigenicity of cis genomic changes at integration sites remains largely understudied. METHODS Combining multi-omics data from The Cancer Genome Atlas with patient-matched long-read sequencing of HPV integration sites, we developed a strategy for using HPV integration events to identify and prioritise novel candidate ICC target genes (integration-detected genes (IDGs)). Four IDGs were then chosen for in vitro functional studies employing small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown in cell migration, proliferation and colony formation assays. RESULTS PacBio data revealed 267 unique human-HPV breakpoints comprising 87 total integration events in eight tumours. Candidate IDGs were filtered based on the following criteria: (1) proximity to integration site, (2) clonal representation of integration event, (3) tumour-specific expression (Z-score) and (4) association with ICC survival. Four candidates prioritised based on their unknown function in ICC (BNC1, RSBN1, USP36 and TAOK3) exhibited oncogenic properties in cervical cancer cell lines. Further, annotation of integration events provided clues regarding potential mechanisms underlying altered IDG expression in both integrated and non-integrated ICC tumours. CONCLUSIONS HPV integration events can guide the identification of novel IDGs for further study in cervical carcinogenesis and as putative therapeutic targets.
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44
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Novel Antigenic Targets of HPV Therapeutic Vaccines. Vaccines (Basel) 2021; 9:vaccines9111262. [PMID: 34835193 PMCID: PMC8621534 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines9111262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the cause of the majority of cervical cancers and head and neck cancers worldwide. Although prophylactic vaccines and cervical cancer screening programs have shown efficacy in preventing HPV-associated cervical cancer, cervical cancer is still a major cause of morbidity and mortality, especially in third world countries. Furthermore, head and neck cancer cases caused by HPV infection and associated mortality are increasing. The need for better therapy is clear, and therapeutic vaccination generating cytotoxic T cells against HPV proteins is a promising strategy. This review covers the current scene of HPV therapeutic vaccines in clinical development and discusses relevant considerations for the design of future HPV therapeutic vaccines and clinical trials, such as HPV protein expression patterns, immunogenicity, and exhaustion in relation to the different stages and types of HPV-associated lesions and cancers. Ultimately, while the majority of the HPV therapeutic vaccines currently in clinical testing target the two HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7, we suggest that there is a need to include more HPV antigens in future HPV therapeutic vaccines to increase efficacy and find that especially E1 and E2 could be promising novel targets.
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45
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Xiong J, Cheng J, Shen H, Ren C, Wang L, Gao C, Zhu T, Li X, Ding W, Zhu D, Wang H. Detection of HPV and Human Chromosome Sites by Dual-Color Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization Reveals Recurrent HPV Integration Sites and Heterogeneity in Cervical Cancer. Front Oncol 2021; 11:734758. [PMID: 34676167 PMCID: PMC8523950 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.734758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) integration in the human genome is suggested to be an important cause of cervical cancer. With the development of sequencing technologies, an increasing number of integration “hotspots” have been identified. However, this HPV integration information was derived from analysis of whole cervical cancer tissue, and we know very little about the integration in different cancer cell subgroups or individual cancer cells. This study optimized the preparation of probes and provided a dual-color fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) method to detect HPV integration sites in paraffin-embedded cervical cancer samples. We used both HPV probes and site-specific probes: 3p14 (FHIT), 8q24 (MYC), 13q22 (KLF5/KLF12), 3q28 (TP63), and 5p15 (TERT). We detected HPV signals in 75 of the 96 cases of cervical cancer; 62 cases showed punctate signals, and 13 cases showed diffuse punctate signals. We identified 3p14 as a high-frequency HPV integration site in 4 cervical cancer cases. HPV integration at 8p14 occurred in 2 cases of cervical cancer. In the same cervical cancer tissue of sample No.1321, two distinct subgroups of cells were observed based on the HPV probe but showed no difference in cell and nucleus morphology. Our study provides a new method to investigate the frequent HPV integration sites in cervical cancer and reports the heterogeneity within cervical cancer from the perspective of HPV integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinfeng Xiong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Cheng
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Shen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Ci Ren
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liming Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chun Gao
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tong Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaomin Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wencheng Ding
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Da Zhu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Kono T, Laimins L. Genomic Instability and DNA Damage Repair Pathways Induced by Human Papillomaviruses. Viruses 2021; 13:1821. [PMID: 34578402 PMCID: PMC8472259 DOI: 10.3390/v13091821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2021] [Revised: 08/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomaviruses (HPV) are the causative agents of cervical and other anogenital cancers as well as those of the oropharynx. HPV proteins activate host DNA damage repair factors to promote their viral life cycle in stratified epithelia. Activation of both the ATR pathway and the ATM pathway are essential for viral replication and differentiation-dependent genome amplification. These pathways are also important for maintaining host genomic integrity and their dysregulation or mutation is often seen in human cancers. The APOBEC3 family of cytidine deaminases are innate immune factors that are increased in HPV positive cells leading to the accumulation of TpC mutations in cellular DNAs that contribute to malignant progression. The activation of DNA damage repair factors may corelate with expression of APOBEC3 in HPV positive cells. These pathways may actively drive tumor development implicating/suggesting DNA damage repair factors and APOBEC3 as possible therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeyuki Kono
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, School of Medicine, Keio University, Tokyo 1608582, Japan
| | - Laimonis Laimins
- Department of Microbiology-Immunology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
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47
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Spiotto MT, Taniguchi CM, Klopp AH, Colbert LE, Lin SH, Wang L, Frederick MJ, Osman AA, Pickering CR, Frank SJ. Biology of the Radio- and Chemo-Responsiveness in HPV Malignancies. Semin Radiat Oncol 2021; 31:274-285. [PMID: 34455983 DOI: 10.1016/j.semradonc.2021.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
In multiple anatomic sites, patients with cancers associated with the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) experience better locoregional control and overall survival after radiotherapy and/or chemoradiotherapy than patients with HPV-negative cancers. These improved outcomes suggest that relatively unique biological features in HPV-positive cancers may increase sensitivity to DNA damaging agents as well as an impaired DNA damage response. This review will address potential biological mechanisms driving this increased sensitivity of HPV-positive cancer to radiation and/or chemotherapy. This review will discuss the clinical and preclinical observations that support the intrinsic radiosensitivity and/or chemosensitivity of HPV-positive cancers. Furthermore, this review will highlight the molecular mechanisms for increased radiation sensitivity using the classical "4 Rs" of radiobiology: repair, reassortment, repopulation, and reoxygenation. First, HPV-positive cancers have increased DNA damage due to increased oxidative stress and impaired DNA damage repair due to the altered activity TP53, p16, TIP60, and other repair proteins. Second, irradiated HPV-positive cancer cells display increased G2/M arrest leading to reassortment of cancer cells in more radiosensitive phases of the cell cycle. In addition, HPV-positive cancers have less radioresistant cancer stem cell subpopulations that may limit their repopulation during radiotherapy. Finally, HPV-positive cancers may also have less hypoxic tumor microenvironments that make these cancers more sensitive to radiation than HPV-negative cells. We will also discuss extrinsic immune and microenvironmental factors enriched in HPV-positive cancers that facilities responses to radiation. Therefore, these potential biological mechanisms may underpin the improved clinical outcomes often observed in these virally induced cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael T Spiotto
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX.
| | - Cullen M Taniguchi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Ann H Klopp
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Lauren E Colbert
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Steven H Lin
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | | | - Abdullah A Osman
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Curtis R Pickering
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
| | - Steven J Frank
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX
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48
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Relationship between GSTM1 and GSTT1 polymorphisms and HPV infection: a systematic review. Mol Biol Rep 2021; 48:6631-6636. [PMID: 34387803 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-021-06515-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the most important risk factor for cervical cancer, although not the only one. The allelic polymorphism of enzymes acting on carcinogen metabolism has shown to influence the risk of both intraepithelial lesions and cervical carcinogenesis. Several studies found an association between GSTM1/GSTT1 null genotypes and risk of cancer. This research aimed to review studies addressing the relationship between GSTT1 and GSTM1 and HPV infection in women, with or without cervical pathologies. A database search was conducted in four databases - PubMed, LILACS, SciELO, and Virtual Health Library - using the following descriptors: Glutathione transferase, HPV, and Genetic polymorphism. In total, we found 319 studies. After screening titles and abstracts, 27 articles were selected for full-text read, among which 20 were excluded and 7 were included in the review. No study has exclusively approached the relationship between the virus and GSTM1/GSTT1 variants. However, studies investigating the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and cervical lesions or cancer found a probable relationship between them and infections with high-risk oncogenic subtypes. Although inconclusive, GSTT1 null alleles were more common in women with more aggressive HPV than GSTM1.
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49
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Detection of Human Papillomavirus Integration in Brain Metastases from Oropharyngeal Tumors by Targeted Sequencing. Viruses 2021; 13:v13081536. [PMID: 34452401 PMCID: PMC8402651 DOI: 10.3390/v13081536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) positive and negative head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) are known to have differential phenotypes, including the incidence and location of metastases. HPV positive (HPV+) HNSCC are more likely to metastasize to distant sites, such as the lung, brain, and skin. Among these locations, metastasis to the brain is a rare event, and little is known about specific risk factors for this phenotype. In this report, we describe two patients who developed brain metastases from HNSCC. Both patient tumors had p16INK4a overexpression, suggesting these tumors were HPV+. This was confirmed after PCR, in situ hybridization, and mass spectrometry detected the presence of HPV type 16 (HPV16) DNA, RNA and protein. To further characterize the presence of HPV16, we used a target enrichment strategy on tumor DNA and RNA to isolate the viral sequences from the brain metastases. Analysis by targeted next generation sequencing revealed that both tumors had the HPV genome integrated into the host genome at known hotspots, 8q24.21 and 14q24.1. Applying a similar target enrichment strategy to a larger cohort of HPV+ HNSCC brain metastases could help to identify biomarkers that can predict metastasis and/or identify novel therapeutic options.
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50
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Groves IJ, Drane ELA, Michalski M, Monahan JM, Scarpini CG, Smith SP, Bussotti G, Várnai C, Schoenfelder S, Fraser P, Enright AJ, Coleman N. Short- and long-range cis interactions between integrated HPV genomes and cellular chromatin dysregulate host gene expression in early cervical carcinogenesis. PLoS Pathog 2021; 17:e1009875. [PMID: 34432858 PMCID: PMC8439666 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1009875] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of cervical cancer is directly associated with integration of human papillomavirus (HPV) genomes into host chromosomes and subsequent modulation of HPV oncogene expression, which correlates with multi-layered epigenetic changes at the integrated HPV genomes. However, the process of integration itself and dysregulation of host gene expression at sites of integration in our model of HPV16 integrant clone natural selection has remained enigmatic. We now show, using a state-of-the-art 'HPV integrated site capture' (HISC) technique, that integration likely occurs through microhomology-mediated repair (MHMR) mechanisms via either a direct process, resulting in host sequence deletion (in our case, partially homozygously) or via a 'looping' mechanism by which flanking host regions become amplified. Furthermore, using our 'HPV16-specific Region Capture Hi-C' technique, we have determined that chromatin interactions between the integrated virus genome and host chromosomes, both at short- (<500 kbp) and long-range (>500 kbp), appear to drive local host gene dysregulation through the disruption of host:host interactions within (but not exceeding) host structures known as topologically associating domains (TADs). This mechanism of HPV-induced host gene expression modulation indicates that integration of virus genomes near to or within a 'cancer-causing gene' is not essential to influence their expression and that these modifications to genome interactions could have a major role in selection of HPV integrants at the early stage of cervical neoplastic progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian J. Groves
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma L. A. Drane
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Marco Michalski
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jack M. Monahan
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Cinzia G. Scarpini
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen P. Smith
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanni Bussotti
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Csilla Várnai
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Fraser
- Nuclear Dynamics Programme, Babraham Institute, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida, United States of America
| | - Anton J. Enright
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
- EMBL-European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Trust Genome Campus, Hinxton, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas Coleman
- Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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