1
|
Dick S, MacRae C, Colacino L, Wilson P, Turner SW. Systematic review of interventions to reduce hospital and emergency department stay in paediatric populations. Arch Dis Child 2024:archdischild-2024-327155. [PMID: 39448257 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2024-327155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 10/05/2024] [Indexed: 10/26/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This systemic review describes interventions designed to shorten length of stay (LOS) in hospital or the emergency department (ED). METHODS Papers published from 2000 until February 2024 were sought in MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO, SCIE, Cochrane Library Database and DARE databases. Outcomes were LOS, readmissions and healthcare cost. RESULTS Eighteen studies were eligible, including 10 randomised controlled trials and 8 non-randomised studies. Children were recruited from ED in seven studies and from the paediatric ward in 11 studies. Nine studies delivered outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy (OPAT) to children and were associated with reduced LOS and cost but longer duration of antibiotic treatment. Seven studies described 'hospital at home' in children admitted with a range of conditions and some reported reduced readmissions and LOS in addition to reduced costs, compared with standard hospital care. Two studies provided care in a step-down facility and reported reduced readmissions and costs. CONCLUSIONS Many of the interventions identified were cost-effective but often led to a longer total period of care compared with inpatient care. Providing care outside of hospital is not associated with increased adverse outcomes compared with receiving care in hospital and brings benefit to the child's family. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42023408663.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Smita Dick
- Child Health, University of Aberdeen School of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Clare MacRae
- Usher Institute, The University of Edinburgh Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Philip Wilson
- Centre for Research and Education in General Practice, University of Copenhagen, København, Denmark
| | - Stephen W Turner
- Child Health, University of Aberdeen School of Medical Sciences, Aberdeen, UK
- Women and Children Division, NHS Grampian, Aberdeen, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohammed SA, Roberts JA, Cotta MO, Rogers B, Pollard J, Assefa GM, Erku D, Sime FB. Safety and efficacy of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 64:107263. [PMID: 38960209 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2024.107263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 06/05/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) offers an alternative to inpatient (hospital bed-based) treatment of infections that require intravenous administration of antimicrobials. This meta-analysis aimed to summarise the evidence available from randomised controlled trials (RCTs) regarding the efficacy and safety of OPAT compared to inpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy. METHODS We searched the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Sciences databases for RCTs comparing outpatient versus inpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy. We included studies without restrictions on language or publication year. Eligibility was reviewed independently by two assessors, and data extraction was cross validated. We evaluated bias risk via the Cochrane tool and determined the evidence certainty using GRADE. Meta-analysis was conducted using a random effects model. The protocol of this review was registered on PROSPERO (CRD42023460389). RESULT Thirteen RCTs, involving 1,310 participants were included. We found no difference in mortality (Risk Ratio [RR] 0.54, 95% Confidence Interval [CI] 0.23 to 1.26; P = 0.93), treatment failure (RR 1.0, CI 0.59 to 1.72; P = 0.99), adverse reaction related to antimicrobials (RR 0.89, CI 0.69 to 1.15; P = 0.38), and administration device (RR 0.58, CI 0.17 to 1.98; P = 0.87) between outpatient and inpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy. The overall body of evidence had a low level of certainty. CONCLUSION Existing evidence suggests OPAT is a safe and effective alternative to inpatient treatment. Further RCTs are warranted for a thorough comparison of inpatient and outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy with a high level of certainty.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Solomon Ahmed Mohammed
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Jason A Roberts
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia; Department of Pharmacy and Intensive Care Medicine, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Queensland, Australia; Herston Infectious Disease Institute (HeIDI), Metro North Health, Queensland, Australia; Division of Anaesthesiology Critical Care Emerging and Pain Medicine, Nimes University Hospital, University of Montpellier, Nimes, France
| | - Menino Osbert Cotta
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia; Herston Infectious Disease Institute (HeIDI), Metro North Health, Queensland, Australia
| | - Benjamin Rogers
- Centre for Inflammatory Disease, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - James Pollard
- Cabrini @ Home, Cabrini Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Getnet Mengistu Assefa
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia; Department of Pharmacy, Wollo University, Dessie, Ethiopia
| | - Daniel Erku
- Centre for Applied Health Economics, Griffith University, Queensland, Australia
| | - Fekade B Sime
- UQ Centre for Clinical Research, The University of Queensland, Queensland, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Smeallie ET, Choi SW, Mody R, Guetterman TC, Nessle CN. "Better at home": Mixed methods report of intricacies in pediatric febrile neutropenia management. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7106. [PMID: 38506249 PMCID: PMC10952020 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Many febrile neutropenia (FN) episodes are low risk (LR) for severe outcomes and can safely receive less aggressive management and early hospital discharge. Validated risk tools are recommended by the Children's Oncology Group to identify LR FN episodes. However, the complex dynamics of early hospital discharge and burdens faced by caregivers associated with the FN episode have been inadequately described. METHODS An adapted quality-of-life (QoL) survey instrument was administered by a convergent mixed methods design; qualitative and quantitative data from two sources, the medical record and the mixed methods survey instrument, were independently analyzed prior to linkage and integration. Code book was informed by conceptual framework; open coding was used. Mixed methods analysis used joint display of results to determine meta-inferences. RESULTS Twenty-eight patient-caregiver dyads participated with a response rate of 87%. Of the 27 FN episodes, 51.8% (14/27) were LR and 40.7% (11/27) had an early hospital discharge. The LR and early hospital discharge groups had higher mean QoL scores comparatively. Meta-inferences are reciprocal influencers and expand the complex situation; FN negatively affects the entire family, and the benefits of hospital management were outweighed by risks and worsened symptoms, so an individualized approach to management and care at home was preferred. CONCLUSION Early discharge of LR FN episodes positively impacts QoL, yet risk-stratified management for FN is intricately complex. Optimal FN management should prioritize the patient's overall health; shared decision-making is recommended and can improve care delivery. These results should be confirmed in a larger, more heterogeneous population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sung W. Choi
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology OncologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Rajen Mody
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology OncologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Timothy C. Guetterman
- Rogel Comprehensive Cancer CenterUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Department of Family Medicine, Mixed Methods ProgramUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
| | - Charles N. Nessle
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Division of Pediatric Hematology OncologyUniversity of MichiganAnn ArborMichiganUSA
- Fogarty International CenterNational Institute of HealthBethesdaMarylandUSA
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peters S, Adler M, Rossoff J. Outcomes of Children Discharged Prior to Absolute Neutrophil Count Recovery After Admission for Febrile Neutropenia. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 45:e948-e952. [PMID: 37700440 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Febrile neutropenia (FN) management in pediatric oncology patients traditionally necessitates inpatient admission until evidence of bone marrow recovery. Discharge before count recovery may be a way to safely reduce the length of hospitalizations for select patients. A chart review was conducted of patients admitted for FN at one tertiary care children's hospital, where the standard is to discharge well-appearing patients after 48 hours of negative cultures if afebrile for at least 24 hours, irrespective of absolute neutrophil count (ANC). Patients with ANC <500 at discharge were identified as early discharges, and data were collected with respect to rates of readmission and infectious complications in this cohort. Among 1230 FN encounters, 765 (62%) were early discharges. 122 patients (15.9%) were readmitted within 7 days. Patients with acute myeloid leukemia and ANC <100 at discharge were more likely to be readmitted. Of the early discharges, only 10 (1.31%) were readmitted with positive blood cultures and 5 (0.7%) were admitted to the pediatric intensive care unit within 24 hours of readmission. Routine discharge before ANC recovery allows for short hospital stays with low rates of readmission, infectious complications, and critical illness for pediatric oncology patients. This safe and beneficial policy should be considered at other institutions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Peters
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
| | - Mark Adler
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Division of Emergency Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital
| | - Jenna Rossoff
- Department of Pediatrics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine
- Division of Hematology/Oncology/Neuro-Oncology/Stem Cell Transplant, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Givone A, Duval-Destin J, Delebarre M, Abou-Chahla W, Lervat C, Dubos F. Consensus survey on the management of children with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia and at low risk of severe infection. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 41:172-178. [PMID: 37293777 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2023.2218406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Our aim was to identify national consensus criteria for the management of children with chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN), for evidence-based step-down treatment approaches for patients classified at low risk of severe infection. In 2018, a five-section, 38-item survey was e-mailed to all pediatric hematology and oncology units in France (n = 30). The five sections contained statements on possible consensus criteria for the (i) definition of FN, (ii) initial management of children with FN, (iii) conditions required for initiating step-down therapy in low-risk patients, (iv) management strategy for low-risk patients, and (v) antibiotic treatment on discharge. Consensus was defined by respondents' combined answers (somewhat agree and strongly agree) at 75% or more. Sixty-five physicians (participation rate: 58%), all specialists in pediatric onco-hematology, from 18 centers completed the questionnaire. A consensus was reached on 22 of the 38 statements, including the definition of FN, the criteria for step-down therapy in low-risk children, and the initial care of these patients. There was no consensus on the type and duration of antibiotic therapy on discharge. In conclusion, a consensus has been reached on the criteria for initiating evidence-based step-down treatment of children with FN and a low risk of severe infection but not for the step-down antimicrobial regimen.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Aude Givone
- Pediatric Emergency Unit & Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Jean Duval-Destin
- Pediatric Emergency Unit & Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Mathilde Delebarre
- Pediatric Emergency Unit & Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- Pediatric Emergency Unit, Saint-Vincent-de-Paul Hospital, GHICL, Lille, France
| | - Wadih Abou-Chahla
- Pediatric Hematology Unit, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
| | - Cyril Lervat
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Oscar Lambret Cancer Center, Lille, France
| | - François Dubos
- Pediatric Emergency Unit & Infectious Diseases, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Lille, France
- ULR 2694 - METRICS: Évaluation des technologies de santé et des pratiques médicales, Université de Lille, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Detollenaere J, Van Ingelghem I, Van den Heede K, Vlayen J. Systematic literature review on the effectiveness and safety of paediatric hospital-at-home care as a substitute for hospital care. Eur J Pediatr 2023:10.1007/s00431-023-04916-2. [PMID: 37010537 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-023-04916-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The hospital landscape is shifting to new care models to meet current challenges in demand, technology, available budgets and staffing. These challenges also apply to the paediatric population, leading to a reduction in paediatric hospital beds and occupancy rates. Paediatric hospital-at-home (HAH) care is used to substitute hospital care in an attempt to bring hospital services closer to children's homes. In addition, these models attempt to avoid fragmentation of care between hospitals and the community. An important prerequisite for this paediatric HAH care is that it is safe and at least as effective as standard hospital care. The aim of this systematic review is to analyse the evidence on the impact of paediatric HAH care on hospital utilisation, patient outcomes and costs. Four bibliographic databases (Medline, Embase, Cinahl and Cochrane Library) were systematically searched for RCTs and pseudo-RCTs that studied the effectiveness and safety of short-term paediatric HAH care with a focus on models as an alternative to acute hospital admissions. Pseudo-RCTs are defined as observational studies that mimic the design of an RCT, but without randomisation. Outcomes of interest were the length of stay, acute (re)admissions, adverse health outcomes, therapy adherence, parental satisfaction or experience and costs. Only articles written in English, Dutch and French conducted in upper-middle and high-income countries and published between 2000 and 2021 were included. Quality assessment was carried out by two assessors using the Cochrane Collaboration's tool for assessing the risk of bias. Reporting is done in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines. We identified 18 (pseudo) RCTs and 25 publications of low to very low quality. Most of the included RCTs focused on the neonatal population: phototherapy for neonatal jaundice, early discharge after birth combined with outpatient neonatal care. Other RCTs focused on chemotherapy for acute lymphoblastic leukaemia, diabetes type 1 education, oxygen therapy for acute bronchiolitis, an outpatient service for children with infectious diseases and antibiotic treatment for low-risk febrile neutropenia, cellulitis and perforated appendicitis. The identified study results show that paediatric HAH care is not associated with more adverse events or hospital readmissions. The impact of paediatric HAH care on costs is less clear. Conclusions: This review suggests that paediatric HAH care is not associated with more adverse events or hospital readmissions for various clinical indications compared to a standard hospital. Because of the low to very low level of evidence, it is worthwhile to further investigate safety, efficacy and cost effects under strict and well-controlled conditions. This systematic review provides guidance on the essential elements that should be included in HAH care programmes for each type of indication and/or intervention. What is Known: • The hospital landscape is shifting new models of care to meet current challenges in demand, technology, staffing and models of care. Paediatric HAH care is one of these models. Previous literature reviews are inconclusive whether this is a safe and effective way of providing care. What is New: • New evidence suggests that paediatric HAH care for various clinical indications is not associated with adverse events or hospital readmissions compared to a standard hospital. Current evidence is characterised by a low level of quality. • The current review provides guidance on the essential elements that should be included in HAH care programmes for each type of indication and/or intervention.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Detollenaere
- Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre (KCE), Boulevard du Jardin Botanique 55, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Ingrid Van Ingelghem
- AZ Klina, Augustijnslei 100, Brasschaat, Belgium
- UZ Antwerpen, Drie Eikenstraat 655, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Koen Van den Heede
- Belgian Health Care Knowledge Centre (KCE), Boulevard du Jardin Botanique 55, Brussels, Belgium
- Leuven Institute for Healthcare Policy (KU Leuven), Kapucijnenvoer 35, Louvain, Belgium
| | - Joan Vlayen
- Sint-Trudo Hospital, Diestersteenweg 100, Sint Truiden, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Nessle CN, Braun T, Choi SW, Mody R. Internal evaluation of risk stratification tool using serial procalcitonin and clinical risk factors in pediatric febrile neutropenia: The non-interventional, single institution experience prior to clinical implementation. Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2023; 40:172-180. [PMID: 35838022 PMCID: PMC9840714 DOI: 10.1080/08880018.2022.2079785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Risk stratification of pediatric febrile neutropenia (FN) is an established concept, yet clinical risk tools misclassify nearly 5% of clinical standard-risk episodes with severe outcomes. The internal evaluation of a clinical risk tool before implementation has not been well-described. In this noninterventional cohort study, we evaluated a study decision rules (SDR) tool; a clinical risk tool with serial procalcitonin. The study standard-risk (SSR) group met clinical standard-risk criteria with two serial procalcitonin <0.4 ng/mL. The study high-risk (SHR) group met clinical high-risk criteria or clinical standard-risk with a procalcitonin ≥0.4 ng/mL. Descriptive and bivariate statistics compared the groups and outcomes. Clinical criteria alone identified 39.1% (238/608) standard-risk episodes; 5.9% (14/238) had severe events. Prospectively using the SDR, the SHR group encompassed 76.6% (92/120) of episodes; severe events occurred in 20% (3/15) of standard-risk episodes included due to elevated procalcitonin ≥0.4 ng/mL. The SHR group had more blood stream infections [21.7% (20/92) vs. 0% (0/28); P = 0.007] and intensive care admissions [13% (12/92) vs. 3.6% (1/28); P = 0.158]. In conclusion, the SDR with serial procalcitonin aided in identifying severe events in clinical standard-risk episodes, but analysis was limited. Institutions may consider similar internal evaluation methodology before FN episode risk stratification.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C. N. Nessle
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - T. Braun
- School of Public Health, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - S. W. Choi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - R. Mody
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Butters C, Thursky K, Hanna DT, Cole T, Davidson A, Buttery J, Haeusler G. Adverse effects of antibiotics in children with cancer: are short-course antibiotics for febrile neutropenia part of the solution? Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:267-279. [PMID: 36694289 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2171987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Febrile neutropenia is a common complication experienced by children with cancer or those undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Repeated episodes of febrile neutropenia result in cumulative exposure to broad-spectrum antibiotics with potential for a range of serious adverse effects. Short-course antibiotics, even in patients with high-risk febrile neutropenia, may offer a solution. AREAS COVERED This review addresses the known broad effects of antibiotics, highlights developments in understanding the relationship between cancer, antibiotics, and the gut microbiome, and discusses emerging evidence regarding long-term adverse antibiotic effects. The authors consider available evidence to guide the duration of empiric antibiotics in pediatric febrile neutropenia and directions for future research. EXPERT OPINION Broad-spectrum antibiotics are associated with antimicrobial resistance, Clostridioides difficile infection, invasive candidiasis, significant disturbance of the gut microbiome and may seriously impact outcomes in children with cancer or undergoing allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant. Short-course empiric antibiotics are likely safe in most children with febrile neutropenia and present a valuable opportunity to reduce the risks of antibiotic exposure.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Coen Butters
- Department of General Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, John Hunter Children's Hospital, Newcastle, Australia.,Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Karin Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Australia.,National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Diane T Hanna
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Theresa Cole
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Allergy and Immunology, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Andrew Davidson
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Anaesthesia, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Critical Care, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Melbourne Children's Trials Centre, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jim Buttery
- Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Centre for Health Analytics, Melbourne Children's Campus, Parkville, Australia.,Health Informatics Group and SAEFVIC, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gabrielle Haeusler
- Infection and Immunity, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Australia.,National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Department of Infectious Diseases, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Omdahl TK, Stenzel JL, Pike ML, Conlon PM, Barry TA, Brown TM, Cambern KL, Davis KM, Fjerstad KA, Graner KK, Kuhn AK, Larson AP, Orandi AB, Smith EL, Soefje SA, Janssen AM. Pediatric Chemotherapy Infusions in Outpatient Examination Rooms: A Novel Patient Care Approach. JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC HEMATOLOGY/ONCOLOGY NURSING 2023; 40:185-192. [PMID: 36775936 DOI: 10.1177/27527530221140067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Background: Many health care organizations offer pediatric infusions in outpatient infusion centers or, as in our organization, in a hospital-based outpatient Pediatric Infusion Therapy Center (PITC). When restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic decreased our PITC appointment capacity by 40%, other patient and family satisfaction issues were exacerbated. We implemented a new approach to pediatric infusions with the aim of improving patient and family satisfaction and reducing the amount of time in an appointment itinerary without negatively affecting patient safety. Methods: Our team used a phased approach to pilot the administration of short chemotherapy infusions in the same outpatient clinic examination rooms where consultation and routine office visits were conducted. Patients saw their specialist for an examination and, if clinically indicated, their infusion was administered in the same room. Appointment itineraries were then completed. The team tracked efficiency, satisfaction, and safety metrics related to the new process. Results: All efficiency metrics improved. No harm came to the 49 unique patients who received a total of 184 infusions. Patient appointment itineraries were shortened by an average of 1.03 hr. Satisfaction survey responses indicated a clear preference (93%) for the new process. Discussion: The novel approach of offering short infusions in outpatient clinic examination rooms provides an opportunity to ease capacity constraints and further increase patient and family satisfaction. This method may be especially helpful for health care organizations when external influences (e.g., lack of physical space, challenging patient volumes, and pandemics) necessitate a change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tami K Omdahl
- Department of Nursing, 4352Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Marsha L Pike
- Department of Nursing, 4352Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Tracy A Barry
- Department of Nursing, 4352Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Tanya M Brown
- Division of Neurocognitive Disorders, 4352Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 4352Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Children's Center, 4352Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kari L Cambern
- Department of Nursing, 4352Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Kadi M Davis
- Department of Nursing, 4352Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | | | - Alexis K Kuhn
- Department of Nursing, 4352Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Pharmacy Services, 4352Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Alison P Larson
- Medical Specialties Administrative Services, 4352Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Amir B Orandi
- Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, 4352Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.,Children's Center, 4352Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Emily L Smith
- Pharmacy Services, 4352Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | | | - Alan M Janssen
- Strategy Department, 4352Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Liu M, Wu Y, Qi P, Zhang R. Study on predictive factors of blood culture results in leukemia patients with fever during chemotherapy. Medicine (Baltimore) 2023; 102:e32576. [PMID: 36637928 PMCID: PMC9839240 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000032576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection is a common complication of leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy. Blood culture results are often needed to guide clinical use, but repeated sampling is often necessary to improve the positive rate and eliminate contamination. The purpose of this paper is to find predictive factors of blood culture results among clinical and laboratory indicators and try to establish a prediction model, so as to better choose the time of blood culture examination, predict the results, and better guide clinical treatment. We retrospectively collected clinical and laboratory data of febrile acute leukemia patients undergoing chemotherapy. The samples were randomly assigned to the training set and the validation set, and the prediction model was constructed from the training set. The calibration curve was made in the validation set and the Hosmer-Lemeshow test was performed to evaluate the prediction performance of the prediction model. A total of 229 patients were included. Univariate and multivariate analyses suggested that temperature at fever and procalcitonin were variables of significant difference between positive and negative blood culture patients. The sensitivity of the 2 variables for predicting blood culture results was high, but the specificity was low. In the process of external validation, the predictive ability of the constructed prediction model to the blood culture results was low. This study identified clinical and laboratory parameters associated with blood culture outcomes, but the predictive model established has low predictive accuracy in external validation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mengjia Liu
- Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics; Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Wu
- Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics; Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Peijing Qi
- Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics; Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruidong Zhang
- Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics; Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- * Correspondence: Hematology Oncology Center, Beijing Key Laboratory of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology; Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Ministry of Education; National Key Discipline of Pediatrics; Beijing Children’s Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100045, China (e-mail: )
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Adekunle MO, Davidson A, Hendricks M. Risk factors and predictors of adverse outcomes of in paediatric febrile neutropenia. SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ONCOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.4102/sajo.v6i0.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
|
12
|
Hodgson KA, Lim R, Huynh J, Nind B, Katz N, Marlow R, Hensey CC, Scanlan B, Ibrahim LF, Bryant PA. Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy: how young is too young? Arch Dis Child 2022; 107:884-889. [PMID: 35537826 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2022-324143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To report the use, and assess the efficacy and outcomes of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) in neonates (≤28 days of age), compared with older infants (1-12 months of age). DESIGN A prospective 8-year observational study from September 2012 to September 2020. SETTING The Hospital-in-the-Home (HITH) programme of the Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. PATIENTS Neonatal patients (≤28 days of age) were compared with older infants (1-12 months of age) receiving OPAT. INTERVENTIONS Data were collected including demographics, diagnosis, type of venous access and antibiotic choice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Success of OPAT, antibiotic appropriateness, complications and readmission rate. RESULTS There were 76 episodes for which neonates were admitted to HITH for OPAT, and 405 episodes for older infants. Meningitis was the most common diagnosis in both groups (59% and 35%, respectively); the most frequently prescribed antibiotic was ceftriaxone for both groups (61% and 49%). A positive bacterial culture was less frequent in neonates (38% vs 53%, p=0.02). Vascular access complication rate was 19% in neonates compared with 13% in older infants (p=0.2) with no central line-associated bloodstream infection in either group. Rates of appropriate antibiotic prescribing were similarly high between groups (93% vs 90%, p=0.3). The OPAT course was successfully completed in 74 of 74 (100%) neonates and 380 of 396 (96%) older infants (p=0.09). The unplanned readmission rate was low: 4 of 76 (5%) neonates and 27 of 405 (7%) older infants. CONCLUSIONS OPAT is a safe and effective way of providing antibiotics to selected clinically stable neonatal patients. While appropriate antibiotic use was common, improvements can still be made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate Alison Hodgson
- Hospital in the Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Newborn Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ruth Lim
- Newborn Research Centre, The Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie Huynh
- Hospital in the Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ben Nind
- Hospital in the Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Naomi Katz
- Hospital in the Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robin Marlow
- Bristol Royal Hospital for Children, Bristol, UK
| | - Conor C Hensey
- Department of General Paediatrics, National Maternity Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Barry Scanlan
- Hospital in the Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laila F Ibrahim
- Hospital in the Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Penelope A Bryant
- General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kanvinde S, Mulay A, Deshpande A, Deshmukh C, Patwardhan S. Once-a-Day Ceftriaxone-Amikacin Combination as Empiric Antibiotic Therapy to Enable Outpatient Management of Febrile Neutropenia in Children-16-Year Experience from a Single Institute. South Asian J Cancer 2022; 11:370-377. [PMID: 36756094 PMCID: PMC9902091 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-1745834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Shailesh KanvindeBackground To enable outpatient department (OPD) management of febrile neutropenia (FN), we used once-a-day (OD) ceftriaxone-amikacin (CFT-AMK) as empiric antibiotic therapy. Our experience over 16-year period is presented. Methods This was a retrospective study conducted from January2002 to December2017. Inclusion criteria were <18 years of age, undergoing cancer chemotherapy, and having FN. Exclusion criteria were FN after palliative chemotherapy, bone marrow transplantation, or at diagnosis of malignancy. Empiric CFT-AMK was used in all, except those having respiratory distress, hypotension, altered sensorium, paralytic ileus, or clinical evidence of peritonitis. Admission criteria were age <1 year, acute myeloid leukemia (AML) chemotherapy, poor performance status, need for blood transfusions, convenience, insurance, or persistent fever >48 to 72 hours after CFT-AMK. Outcomes analyzed were response (defervescence within 48-72 hours), OPD management, antibiotic upgrade, and mortality. AML diagnosis, >7 days to absolute neutrophil count >0.5 × 10 9 /L, poor performance status, and malignancy not in remission were considered high-risk FN criteria. Results CFT-AMK was given in 877/952 (92.2%) FN episodes. Seventy-six percent had hematolymphoid malignancies. Response, antibiotic upgrade, and mortality were seen in 85.7 and 65.5% ( p < 0.0001), 15 and 45.5% ( p < 0.0001), and 0 and 2% ( p = 0.003) of low- and high-risk patients, respectively. Treatment was started in OPD in 52%, of which 21.6% required subsequent admission. Of those initially admitted, early discharge (hospital stay < 5 days) was possible in 24.6%. Forty-one percent episodes were managed entirely on OPD. Overall, 80% of low-risk and 42% of high-risk episodes received treatment wholly or partially on OPD. Conclusion Our results show empiric OD CFT-AMK allows OPD management for most of the low-risk and a proportion of high-risk FN following chemotherapy in children, without compromising clinical outcomes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shailesh Kanvinde
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India,Address for correspondence Shailesh Kanvinde, MD Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Deenanath Mangeshkar HospitalPune 411004, MaharashtraIndia
| | - Atul Mulay
- Department of Nephrology and Clinical Epidemiology, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anand Deshpande
- Department of Pediatrics, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Chetan Deshmukh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sampada Patwardhan
- Department of Microbiology, Deenanath Mangeshkar Hospital, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Chok R, Price V, Steele M, Corriveau-Bourque C, Bruce A. Pediatric Benign Neutropenia: Assessing Practice Preferences in Canada. J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 2022; 44:318-322. [PMID: 35129142 DOI: 10.1097/mph.0000000000002427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric benign neutropenia is a self-limited condition with a benign clinical course. An approach to this condition is not well-defined in the literature. Our objective was to use a case-based survey to elucidate trends in the diagnosis and management of benign neutropenia among pediatric hematology/oncology practitioners in Canada. We received 46 completed surveys (response rate 66%). At initial presentation with fever and neutropenia, 67% of respondents recommended partial septic workup but 11% recommended no investigations. Nearly 70% recommended admission for empiric intravenous antibiotics, while 24% would discharge home without antibiotics. In a patient with fever and known neutropenia, respondents were more likely to pursue outpatient antibiotic therapy. For investigation of chronic neutropenia, most respondents (60%) do not use antineutrophil antibody testing. Common indications for bone marrow biopsy were severe infection, prolonged neutropenia, or before initiating granulocyte colony stimulating factor. Indications for granulocyte colony stimulating factor were based on severity and frequency of infection. Most respondents (84%) would not recommend antibiotic prophylaxis. Results demonstrate the considerable variability in management of benign neutropenia among pediatric hematology/oncology practitioners in Canada and highlight the need for prospective studies to establish diagnostic criteria for benign neutropenia and evaluate management of fever in this population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Victoria Price
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, IWK Health Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - MacGregor Steele
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology, Alberta Children's Hospital and University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta
| | - Catherine Corriveau-Bourque
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital and University of Alberta, Edmonton
| | - Aisha Bruce
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stollery Children's Hospital and University of Alberta, Edmonton
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Fidler AL, Voorhees S, Zhou ES, Stacciarini JM, Fedele DA. A systematic review and proposed conceptual model of sleep disturbances during pediatric hospitalizations. Sleep 2022; 45:zsac038. [PMID: 35554575 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsac038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES The current review aims to examine factors that influence pediatric inpatient sleep and determine the effectiveness of sleep promotion interventions among hospitalized children. METHODS A systematic literature search was conducted across PubMed, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Cochrane Central, Web of Science, Embase, and Scopus databases. Studies included children with a mean age between 1 and 18 years old that either described factors affecting the sleep of children who are hospitalized on a non-intensive care unit or reported on sleep-related intervention outcomes. We conducted separate narrative reviews for each of the two aims and then synthesized findings from quantitative and qualitative studies across both aims. RESULTS Forty-five articles were included for review. Despite most sleep disturbances being attributed to environmental disruptions (e.g. noise, staff interruptions), most interventions targeted the child level using relaxation techniques. Although the majority of interventions were small pilot studies, preliminary findings appear to positively impact sleep duration. The Pediatric Inpatient Sleep Model was proposed to illustrate connections between sleep disturbances, factors influencing sleep, and existing intervention components. CONCLUSIONS Replication studies are needed, including larger-scale sleep promotion interventions among hospitalized children. Given the identification of environmental factors as the main cause of night wakings, environmental modifications are crucial. Additional research examining contributors to intraindividual variability in disrupted sleep patterns during hospitalizations as well as the consequences of these disturbances is warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea L Fidler
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sara Voorhees
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eric S Zhou
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - David A Fedele
- Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
|
17
|
King J, Kannikeswaran N, Jain A, Farooqi A, Sethuraman U. Emergency Department Utilization and Serious Bacterial Infection Rates in Children With Renal Transplants. Pediatr Emerg Care 2022; 38:e47-e51. [PMID: 34986586 DOI: 10.1097/pec.0000000000002597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Emergency department (ED) visits by children with solid organ transplants have increased significantly. Our objectives were to describe the common complaints, diagnosis, types, and rates of serious bacterial infection (SBI) in children with renal transplant (RT) who present to the hospital. METHODS We conducted a retrospective study from 2012 to 2016 of RT children up to 18 years who presented to the ED or were directly admitted. We excluded patients who presented for a procedure. We collected demographics, transplant type, immunosuppressive data, chief complaints, diagnostic testing with results, interventions performed, and final diagnosis. RESULTS We analyzed 131 visits in 29 patients during the study period. Most common chief complaints were infectious (34.4%) and gastrointestinal (26%). Infection was proven in 42.0% of visits with only 3.1% being organ rejection. Serious bacterial infection was diagnosed in 34 visits (26.0%) with urinary tract infection (UTI) being the most common (20.6%). Of the 33 visits for fever, SBI occurred in 16 (48.5%) patients with the most common SBI being UTI 10 (30.3%). Bacteremia occurred in 1 patient and hypotension in 4 patients. Antibiotic administration was the most common intervention performed (78; 59.5%). Significant interventions were uncommon (2 patients). Logistic regression revealed no factors to be associated with SBI. CONCLUSIONS Our cohort of children with RT presented most commonly with infections to the hospital with UTI being the most common SBI. Bacteremia and significant interventions were rare. Future studies are needed to identify subgroups of low-risk pediatric RT patients who can possibly be safely discharged home from the ED.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Ahmad Farooqi
- Department of Pediatrics, Wayne State University School of Medicine
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Getz KD, Szymczak JE, Li Y, Madding R, Huang YSV, Aftandilian C, Arnold SD, Bona KO, Caywood E, Collier AB, Gramatges MM, Henry M, Lotterman C, Maloney K, Mian A, Mody R, Morgan E, Raetz EA, Rubnitz J, Verma A, Winick N, Wilkes JJ, Yu JC, Fisher BT, Aplenc R. Medical Outcomes, Quality of Life, and Family Perceptions for Outpatient vs Inpatient Neutropenia Management After Chemotherapy for Pediatric Acute Myeloid Leukemia. JAMA Netw Open 2021; 4:e2128385. [PMID: 34709389 PMCID: PMC8554641 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2021.28385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) requires multiple courses of intensive chemotherapy that result in neutropenia, with significant risk for infectious complications. Supportive care guidelines recommend hospitalization until neutrophil recovery. However, there are little data to support inpatient over outpatient management. OBJECTIVE To evaluate outpatient vs inpatient neutropenia management for pediatric AML. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS This cohort study used qualitative and quantitative methods to compare medical outcomes, patient health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and patient and family perceptions between outpatient and inpatient neutropenia management. The study included patients from 17 US pediatric hospitals with frontline chemotherapy start dates ranging from January 2011 to July 2019, although the specific date ranges differed for the individual analyses by design and relative timing. Data were analyzed from August 2019 to February 2020. EXPOSURES Discharge to outpatient vs inpatient neutropenia management. MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES The primary outcomes of interest were course-specific bacteremia incidence, times to next course, and patient HRQOL. Course-specific mortality was a secondary medical outcome. RESULTS Primary quantitative analyses included 554 patients (272 [49.1%] girls and 282 [50.9%] boys; mean [SD] age, 8.2 [6.1] years). Bacteremia incidence was not significantly different during outpatient vs inpatient management (67 courses [23.8%] vs 265 courses [29.0%]; adjusted rate ratio, 0.73; 95% CI, 0.56 to 1.06; P = .08). Outpatient management was not associated with delays to the next course compared with inpatient management (mean [SD] 30.7 [12.2] days vs 32.8 [9.7] days; adjusted mean difference, -2.2; 95% CI, -4.1 to -0.2, P = .03). Mortality during intensification II was higher for patients who received outpatient management compared with those who received inpatient management (3 patients [5.4%] vs 1 patient [0.5%]; P = .03), but comparable with inpatient management at other courses (eg, 0 patients vs 5 patients [1.3%] during induction I; P = .59). Among 97 patients evaluated for HRQOL, outcomes did not differ between outpatient and inpatient management (mean [SD] Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory total score, 70.1 [18.9] vs 68.7 [19.4]; adjusted mean difference, -2.8; 95% CI, -11.2 to 5.6). A total of 86 respondents (20 [23.3%] in outpatient management, 66 [76.7%] in inpatient management) completed qualitative interviews. Independent of management strategy received, 74 respondents (86.0%) expressed satisfaction with their experience. Concerns for hospital-associated infections among caregivers (6 of 7 caregiver respondents [85.7%] who were dissatisfied with inpatient management) and family separation (2 of 2 patient respondents [100%] who were dissatisfied with inpatient management) drove dissatisfaction with inpatient management. Stress of caring for a neutropenic child at home (3 of 3 respondents [100%] who were dissatisfied with outpatient management) drove dissatisfaction with outpatient management. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE This cohort study found that outpatient neutropenia management was not associated with higher bacteremia incidence, treatment delays, or worse HRQOL compared with inpatient neutropenia management among pediatric patients with AML. While outpatient management may be safe for many patients, course-specific mortality differences suggest that outpatient management in intensification II should be approached with caution. Patient and family experiences varied, suggesting that outpatient management may be preferred by some but may not be feasible for all families. Further studies to refine and standardize safe outpatient management practices are warranted.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly D. Getz
- Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Julia E. Szymczak
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Yimei Li
- Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Rachel Madding
- Sidney Kimmel Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yuan-Shung V. Huang
- Department of Biomedical and Health Informatics, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Catherine Aftandilian
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California
| | - Staci D. Arnold
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Kira O. Bona
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children’s Hospital Boston, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Emi Caywood
- A.I. Dupont Hospital for Children, Nemours, Wilmington, Delaware
| | | | | | | | | | - Kelly Maloney
- Children’s Hospital Colorado and the Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora
| | - Amir Mian
- Arkansas Children’s Hospital, Little Rock
| | | | - Elaine Morgan
- Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children’s Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Elizabeth A. Raetz
- Stephen D. Hassenfeld Children’s Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey Rubnitz
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Anupam Verma
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Utah, Salt Lake City
| | - Naomi Winick
- Department of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Jennifer J. Wilkes
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington, Division of Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle
| | - Jennifer C. Yu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Rady Children’s Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Brian T. Fisher
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Richard Aplenc
- Division of Oncology, Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
- Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Crothers A, Haeusler GM, Slavin MA, Babl FE, Mechinaud F, Phillips R, Tapp H, Padhye B, Zeigler D, Clark J, Walwyn T, Super L, Alvaro F, Thursky K, De Abreu Lourenco R. Examining health-related quality of life in pediatric cancer patients with febrile neutropenia: Factors predicting poor recovery in children and their parents. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 40:101095. [PMID: 34746716 PMCID: PMC8548915 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact febrile neutropenia (FN) has on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children with cancer and their families is poorly understood. We sought to characterize the course of child and parent HRQoL during and following FN episodes. METHOD Data on HRQoL were collected in the multisite Australian Predicting Infectious ComplicatioNs in Children with Cancer (PICNICC) study. Participants were enrolled between November 2016 to January 2018. The Child Health Utility (CHU9D) was used to assess HRQoL in children (N = 167 FN events) and the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL-8D) was used to assess HRQoL parents (N = 218 FN events) at three time points: 0-3 days, 7-days and 30-days following the onset of FN. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to characterize the course of HRQoL. FINDINGS For children, three distinct groups were identified: persistently low HRQoL over the 30-day course of follow-up (chronic: N = 78/167; 47%), increasing HRQoL after the onset of FN to 30 days follow-up (recovering: N = 36/167; 22%), and persistently high HRQoL at all three timepoints (resilient: N = 53/167; 32%). Applying these definitions, parents were classified into two distinct groups: chronic (N = 107/218, 49%) and resilient (N = 111/218, 51%). The child being male, having solid cancer, the presence of financial stress, and relationship difficulties between the parent and child were significant predictors of chronic group membership for both parents and children. Children classified as high-risk FN were significantly more likely to belong to the recovery group. Being female, having blood cancers and the absence of financial or relationship difficulties were predictive of both parents and children being in the resilient group. INTERPRETATION Approximately half the children and parents had chronically low HRQoL scores, which did not improve following resolution of the FN episode. The child's sex, cancer type, and presence of financial and relationship stress were predictive of chronic group membership for both parents and children. These families may benefit from increased financial and psychosocial support during anti-cancer treatment. FUNDING National Health and Medical Research Council Grant (APP1104527).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Crothers
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Parkville, Australia
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Franz E Babl
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Francoise Mechinaud
- Unité d'hématologie immunologie pédiatrique, Hopital Robert Debré, APHP Nord Université de Paris, France
| | - Robert Phillips
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
- Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - Heather Tapp
- Department of Oncology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Bhavna Padhye
- Cancer Centre for Children, Westmead Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Zeigler
- Kid's Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julia Clark
- Infection Management Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas Walwyn
- Department of Oncology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Leanne Super
- Children's Cancer Centre, Monash Children's Hospital, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Frank Alvaro
- Children's Cancer Department, John Hunter Children's Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Karin Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
Melgar M, Reljic T, Barahona G, Camacho K, Chang A, Contreras J, Espinoza D, Estripeaut D, Gamero M, Luque M, Mentor G, Zacasa P, Homsi M, Caniza MA, Kumar A, Mukkada S. Guidance Statement for the Management of Febrile Neutropenia in Pediatric Patients Receiving Cancer-Directed Therapy in Central America and the Caribbean. JCO Glob Oncol 2021; 6:508-517. [PMID: 32216650 PMCID: PMC7124939 DOI: 10.1200/jgo.19.00329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Our objective was to provide regionally appropriate, resource-conscious recommendations for the diagnosis and treatment of pediatric patients with febrile neutropenia. METHODS A multinational panel of Central American and Caribbean clinicians who deliver pediatric oncology care prioritized clinically important questions and then used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation methodology to provide recommendations on the selected topics. RESULTS Twenty-two questions and 2 definitions were included in the guideline, which was intended to establish minimum care standards for pediatric patients treated in regional centers. Of all the included studies, 6.9% were conducted in low- and middle-income countries, and no studies were performed in countries represented on the panel. CONCLUSION The panel made recommendations on the basis of existing evidence but identified important gaps in knowledge from the region and from resource-limited settings that may affect the clinical applicability of these recommendations. These deficiencies suggest a research agenda that will enable future guidelines to be more responsive to the local context.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mario Melgar
- Unidad Nacional de Oncología Pediátrica, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Tea Reljic
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | | | - Kattia Camacho
- Hospital Nacional de Niños Dr. Carlos Sáenz Herrera, San José, Costa Rica
| | - Alicia Chang
- Unidad Nacional de Oncología Pediátrica, Guatemala City, Guatemala
| | - Johanny Contreras
- Hospital Infantil Dr Robert Reid Cabral, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Darrell Espinoza
- Hospital Infantil Manuel de Jesus Rivera "La Mascota," Managua, Nicaragua
| | | | - Mario Gamero
- Hospital Nacional de Niños Benjamín Bloom, San Salvador, El Salvador
| | - Marco Luque
- Hospital Escuela Universitario, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | | | - Pamela Zacasa
- Hospital Escuela Universitario, Tegucigalpa, Honduras
| | - Maysam Homsi
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Miguela A Caniza
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.,Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Ambuj Kumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL
| | - Sheena Mukkada
- Department of Global Pediatric Medicine, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN.,Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Haeusler GM, De Abreu Lourenco R, Bakos C, O'Brien T, Slavin MA, Clark JE, McMullan B, Borland ML, Babl FE, Krishnasamy M, Vanevski M, Thursky KA, Hall L. Managing low-risk febrile neutropenia in children in the time of COVID-19: What matters to parents and clinicians. J Paediatr Child Health 2021; 57:826-834. [PMID: 33533525 PMCID: PMC8013774 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The Australian 'There is no place like home' project is implementing a paediatric low-risk febrile neutropenia (FN) programme across eight paediatric hospitals. We sought to identify the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on programme implementation. METHODS Paediatric oncology, infectious diseases and emergency medicine health-care workers and parent/carers were surveyed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on home-based FN care. Online surveys were distributed nationally to health-care workers involved in care of children with FN and to parents or carers of children with cancer. RESULTS Surveys were completed by 78 health-care workers and 32 parents/carers. Overall, 95% of health-care workers had confidence in the safety of home-based FN care, with 35% reporting changes at their own hospitals in response to the pandemic that made them more comfortable with this model. Compared to pre-pandemic, >50% of parent/carers were now more worried about attending the hospital with their child and >80% were interested in receiving home-based FN care. Among both groups, increased telehealth access and acceptance of home-based care, improved patient quality of life and reduced risk of nosocomial infection were identified as programme enablers, while re-direction of resources due to COVID-19 and challenges in implementing change during a crisis were potential barriers. CONCLUSION There is strong clinician and parent/carer support for home-based management of low-risk FN across Australia. Changes made to the delivery of cancer care in response to the pandemic have generally increased acceptance for home-based treatments and opportunities exist to leverage these to refine the low-risk FN programme.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,The Paediatric Integrated Cancer ServiceMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General MedicineRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of Infectious DiseasesMurdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Richard De Abreu Lourenco
- Centre for Health Economics Research and EvaluationUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Tracey O'Brien
- Kids Cancer CentreSydney Children's HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of MedicineUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Julia E Clark
- Infection Management ServiceQueensland Children's Hospital and Centre for Children's Health Research, CHQBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Brendan McMullan
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Department of Immunology and Infectious DiseasesSydney Children's HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Meredith L Borland
- Department of Emergency MedicinePerth Children's HospitalPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia,Emergency DepartmentPerth Children's HospitalNedlandsPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia,Divisions of Paediatrics and Emergency Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Franz E Babl
- Department of Infectious DiseasesMurdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of Emergency MedicineRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Meinir Krishnasamy
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Academic Nursing UnitPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of NursingUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Marijana Vanevski
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of Infectious DiseasesMurdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Karin A Thursky
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of MedicineUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,NHMRC National Centre for Antimicrobial StewardshipThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lisa Hall
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,School of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Doerflinger M, Haeusler GM, Li-Wai-Suen CSN, Clark JE, Slavin M, Babl FE, Allaway Z, Mechinaud F, Smyth GK, De Abreu Lourenco R, Phillips B, Pellegrini M, Thursky KA. Procalcitonin and Interleukin-10 May Assist in Early Prediction of Bacteraemia in Children With Cancer and Febrile Neutropenia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641879. [PMID: 34093531 PMCID: PMC8173204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Febrile neutropenia (FN) causes treatment disruption and unplanned hospitalization in children with cancer. Serum biomarkers are infrequently used to stratify these patients into high or low risk for serious infection. This study investigated plasma abundance of cytokines in children with FN and their ability to predict bacteraemia. Methods Thirty-three plasma cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) were measured using ELISA assays in samples taken at FN presentation (n = 79) and within 8–24 h (Day 2; n = 31). Optimal thresholds for prediction of bacteraemia were identified and the predictive ability of biomarkers in addition to routinely available clinical variables was assessed. Results The median age of included FN episodes was 6.0 years and eight (10%) had a bacteraemia. On presentation, elevated PCT, IL-10 and Mip1-beta were significantly associated with bacteraemia, while CRP, IL-6 and IL-8 were not. The combination of PCT (≥0.425 ng/ml) and IL-10 (≥4.37 pg/ml) had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 68.8–100%) and specificity of 89% (95% CI 80.0–95.0%) for prediction of bacteraemia, correctly identifying all eight bacteraemia episodes and classifying 16 FN episodes as high-risk. There was limited additive benefit of incorporating clinical variables to this model. On Day 2, there was an 11-fold increase in PCT in episodes with a bacteraemia which was significantly higher than that observed in the non-bacteraemia episodes. Conclusion Elevated PCT and IL-10 accurately identified all bacteraemia episodes in our FN cohort and may enhance the early risk stratification process in this population. Prospective validation and implementation is required to determine the impact on health service utilisation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Doerflinger
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Connie S N Li-Wai-Suen
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julia E Clark
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Monica Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Franz E Babl
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Emergency Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Paediatric Emergency Medicine Centre of Research Excellence, ED Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zoe Allaway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Francoise Mechinaud
- Unité D'hématologie Immunologie Pédiatrique, Hopital Robert Debré, APHP Nord Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard De Abreu Lourenco
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bob Phillips
- Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karin A Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lehrnbecher T, Averbuch D, Castagnola E, Cesaro S, Ammann RA, Garcia-Vidal C, Kanerva J, Lanternier F, Mesini A, Mikulska M, Pana D, Ritz N, Slavin M, Styczynski J, Warris A, Groll AH. 8th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia: 2020 guidelines for the use of antibiotics in paediatric patients with cancer or post-haematopoietic cell transplantation. Lancet Oncol 2021; 22:e270-e280. [PMID: 33811814 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(20)30725-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Paediatric patients with cancer and those undergoing haematopoietic cell transplantation are at high risk of bacterial infections. The 8th European Conference on Infections in Leukaemia (ECIL-8) convened a Paediatric Group to review the literature and to formulate recommendations for the use of antibiotics according to the European Society of Clinical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases grading system. The evaluation of antibacterial prophylaxis included mortality, bloodstream infection, febrile neutropenia, emergence of resistance, and adverse effects as endpoints. Initial antibacterial therapy and antibiotic de-escalation or discontinuation focused on patients with a clinically stable condition and without previous infection or colonisation by resistant bacteria, and on patients with a clinically unstable condition or with previous infection or colonisation by resistant bacteria. The final considerations and recommendations of the ECIL-8 Paediatric Group on antibacterial prophylaxis, initial therapy, and de-escalation strategies are summarised in this Policy Review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lehrnbecher
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Dina Averbuch
- Department of Pediatrics, Hadassah Hebrew University Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elio Castagnola
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Simone Cesaro
- Pediatric Hematology Oncology, Department of Mother and Child, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Integrata, Verona, Italy
| | - Roland A Ammann
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Carolina Garcia-Vidal
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clinic of Barcelona, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain; IDIBAPS, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Jukka Kanerva
- Division of Hematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, New Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fanny Lanternier
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Necker-Enfants Malades Hospital, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, University of Paris, Paris, France
| | - Alessio Mesini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Malgorzata Mikulska
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Health Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy; IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy
| | - Dorothea Pana
- Department of Medicine, European University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Nicole Ritz
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases and Vaccinology, University of Basel Children's Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Monica Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jan Styczynski
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University Torun, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Adilia Warris
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Andreas H Groll
- Infectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Morgan JE, Phillips B, Haeusler GM, Chisholm JC. Optimising Antimicrobial Selection and Duration in the Treatment of Febrile Neutropenia in Children. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:1283-1293. [PMID: 33833534 PMCID: PMC8019605 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s238567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a frequent complication of cancer treatment in children. Owing to the potential for overwhelming bacterial sepsis, the recognition and management of FN requires rapid implementation of evidenced-based management protocols. Treatment paradigms have progressed from hospitalisation with broad spectrum antibiotics for all patients, through to risk adapted approaches to management. Such risk adapted approaches aim to provide safe care through incorporating antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) principles such as implementation of comprehensive clinical pathways incorporating de-escalation strategies with the imperative to reduce hospital stay and antibiotic exposure where possible in order to improve patient experience, reduce costs and diminish the risk of nosocomial infection. This review summarises the principles of risk stratification in FN, the current key considerations for optimising empiric antimicrobial selection including knowledge of antimicrobial resistance patterns and emerging technologies for rapid diagnosis of specific infections and summarises existing evidence on time to treatment, investigations required and duration of treatment. To aid treating physicians we suggest the key features based on current evidence that should be part of any FN management guideline and highlight areas for future research. The focus is on treatment of bacterial infections although fungal and viral infections are also important in this patient group.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Morgan
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK.,Department of Paediatric Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Bob Phillips
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK.,Department of Paediatric Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3168, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Julia C Chisholm
- Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, SM2 5PT, UK
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Kuehnel NA, McCreary E, Henderson SL, Vanderloo JP, Hoover-Regan ML, Sharp B, Ross J. Comprehensive Care Improvement for Oncologic Fever and Neutropenia from a Pediatric Emergency Department. Pediatr Qual Saf 2021; 6:e390. [PMID: 38571520 PMCID: PMC10990408 DOI: 10.1097/pq9.0000000000000390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Rapid time to antibiotics (TTA) for pediatric patients with fever and neutropenia in an emergency department decreases in-hospital mortality. Additionally, national guidelines recommend outpatient antibiotic management strategies for low-risk fever and neutropenia (LRFN). This study had two specific aims: (1) improve the percent of patients with suspected fever and neutropenia who receive antibiotics within 60 minutes of arrival from 55% to 90%, and (2) develop and operationalize a process for outpatient management of LRFN patients by October 2018. Methods Using Lean methodologies, we implemented Plan-Do-Check-Act cycles focused on guideline development, electronic medical record reminders, order-set development, and a LRFN pathway as root causes for improvements. We used statistical process control charts to assess results. Results The project conducted from July 2016 to October 2018 showed special cause improvement in December 2016 on a G-chart. Monthly Xbar-chart showed improvement in average TTA from 68.5 minutes to 42.5 minutes. A P-chart showed improvement in patients receiving antibiotics within 60 minutes, from 55% to 86.4%. A LRFN guideline and workflow was developed and implemented in October 2017. Conclusions Implementation of guidelines, electronic medical record reminders, and order sets are useful tools to improve TTA for suspected fever and neutropenia. Utilizing more sensitive statistical process control charts early in projects with fewer patients can help recognize and guide process improvement. The development of workflows for outpatient management of LRFN may be possible, though it requires further study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas A Kuehnel
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Erin McCreary
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pa
| | - Sheryl L Henderson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Joshua P Vanderloo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Margo L Hoover-Regan
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Brian Sharp
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| | - Joshua Ross
- From the Department of Emergency Medicine, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wis
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Olson J, Mehra S, Hersh AL, Thorell EA, Stoddard GJ, Maese L, Barnette PE, Lemons RS, Pavia AT, Knackstedt ED. Oral Step-Down Therapy With Levofloxacin for Febrile Neutropenia in Children With Cancer. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2021; 10:27-33. [PMID: 32092134 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although febrile neutropenia (FN) is a frequent complication in children with cancer receiving chemotherapy, there remains significant variability in selection of route (intravenous [IV] vs oral) and length of therapy. We implemented a guideline with a goal to change practice from using IV antibiotics after hospital discharge to the use of step-down oral therapy with levofloxacin for most children with FN until absolute neutrophil count > 500. The objectives of this study were to determine the impact of this guideline on home IV antibiotic use, and to evaluate the safety of implementation of this guideline. METHODS We performed a quasi-experimental, pre-post study of discharge FN treatment at a stand-alone children's hospital in patients without bacteremia discharged between January 2013 and October 2018. In January 2015, a multidisciplinary team created a guideline to switch most children with FN to oral levofloxacin, which was formally implemented as of September 2017. Discharges during the postintervention period (after September 2017) were compared to discharges in the preintervention period (between January 2013 and December 2014). RESULTS In adjusted multivariable regression analyses, the postimplementation period was associated with a decrease in home IV antibiotics (adjusted risk ratio [aRR], 0.07 [95% confidence interval {CI}, .03-.13]) and fewer IV antibiotic initiations within 24 hours of a new healthcare encounter up to 7 days after discharge (aRR, 0.39 [95% CI, .17-.93]) compared to the preintervention time period. CONCLUSIONS Step-down oral levofloxacin for children with FN who are afebrile with an ANC ≤ 500 at discharge is feasible and resulted in similar clinical outcomes compared to home IV antibiotics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jared Olson
- Department of Pharmacy, Primary Children's Hospital, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA.,Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Sonia Mehra
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Adam L Hersh
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Emily A Thorell
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Gregory J Stoddard
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Luke Maese
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Phillip E Barnette
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Richard S Lemons
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Andrew T Pavia
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Elizabeth D Knackstedt
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Huynh J, Hodgson KA, Boyce S, Ibrahim LF, Bryant PA. Impact of expanding a paediatric OPAT programme with an antimicrobial stewardship intervention. Arch Dis Child 2020; 105:1220-1228. [PMID: 32381516 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-318091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2019] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As treatment out of hospital with outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) increases, so too does the risk for patients of being less visible, with potential for suboptimal care. OBJECTIVES We aimed to compare pre-expansion and post-expansion (1) successful completion, complications and (2) the impact of an OPAT-specific antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) intervention to mitigate inappropriate antibiotic prescribing. DESIGN A prospective longitudinal study during two consecutive 12-month periods: period A (1 August 2012 to 31 July 2013) and period B (1 August 2013 to 31 July 2014). SETTING The Hospital-in-the-Home (HITH) programme at The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. PARTICIPANTS All patients who received OPAT during the study period. INTERVENTIONS Between the two periods, the programme expanded from 16 to 32 patients/day. To coincide with this, a combined AMS intervention was introduced: (1) OPAT-specific guidelines and (2) active review of OPAT prescriptions and input by Paediatric Infectious Diseases. MAIN OUTCOMES Successful completion of OPAT, OPAT-related complications, readmission, length of stay and antibiotic appropriateness. RESULTS Over 2 years, 646 patients (47% female, median age 7 years) were treated via OPAT for 754 episodes. Patient episodes increased from 254 in period A to 500 in period B, with proportional increases in infants under 1 month and immunocompromised patients. OPAT was successfully completed in 245/251 (98%) versus 473/482 (98%) (OR 1.8, 95% CI 0.7 to 4.5, p=0.3). OPAT-related complications remained low: intravenous catheter-associated complications 16/138 (12%) versus 41/414 (10%), and antibiotic-associated complications 0/254 (0%) versus 2/500 (0.4%). Despite the increase in activity, with the AMS intervention, overall appropriate antibiotic prescribing remained high: 71% versus 76%. Inappropriately long durations reduced from 30/312 (10%) to 37/617 (6%) (OR 0.6, 95% CI 0.4 to 0.99, p=0.04), and median number of days on broad-spectrum antibiotics from 11 (IQR 8-24.5) to 8 (IQR 5-11). CONCLUSION During a period of substantial expansion, we maintained clinical outcomes. A modest AMS intervention reduced some but not all aspects of inappropriate antibiotic prescribing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Julie Huynh
- Hospital-in-the-Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Kate A Hodgson
- Hospital-in-the-Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Perinatal Infant and Paediatric Emergency Retrieval, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Newborn Research, Royal Women's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Suzanne Boyce
- Hospital-in-the-Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Clinical Paediatrics Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laila F Ibrahim
- Hospital-in-the-Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Clinical Paediatrics Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Penelope A Bryant
- Hospital-in-the-Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia .,Clinical Paediatrics Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Haeusler GM, Gaynor L, Teh B, Babl FE, Orme LM, Segal A, Mechinaud F, Bryant PA, Phillips B, Lourenco RDA, Slavin MA, Thursky KA. Home-based care of low-risk febrile neutropenia in children-an implementation study in a tertiary paediatric hospital. Support Care Cancer 2020; 29:1609-1617. [PMID: 32740894 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home-based management of low-risk febrile neutropenia (FN) is safe, improves quality of life and reduces healthcare expenditure. A formal low-risk paediatric program has not been implemented in Australia. We aimed to describe the implementation process and evaluate the clinical impact. METHOD This prospective study incorporated three phases: implementation, intervention and evaluation. A low-risk FN implementation toolkit was developed, including a care-pathway, patient information, home-based assessment and educational resources. The program had executive-level endorsement, a multidisciplinary committee and a nurse specialist. Children with cancer and low-risk FN were eligible to be transferred home with a nurse visiting daily after an overnight period of observation for intravenous antibiotics. Low-risk patients were identified using a validated decision rule, and suitability for home-based care was determined using disease, chemotherapy and patient-level criteria. Plan-Do-Study-Act methodology was used to evaluate clinical impact and safety. RESULTS Over 18 months, 292 children with FN were screened: 132 (45%) were low-risk and 63 (22%) were transferred to home-based care. Compared with pre-implementation there was a significant reduction in in-hospital median LOS (4.0 to 1.5 days, p < 0.001) and 291 in-hospital bed days were saved. Eight (13%) patients needed readmission and there were no adverse outcomes. A key barrier was timely screening of all patients and program improvements, including utilising the electronic medical record for patient identification, are planned. CONCLUSION This program significantly reduces in-hospital LOS for children with low-risk FN. Ongoing evaluation will inform sustainability, identify areas for improvement and support national scale-up of the program.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Lynda Gaynor
- The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Hospital In The Home Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin Teh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Franz E Babl
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa M Orme
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ahuva Segal
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francoise Mechinaud
- Unité d'hématologie immunologie pédiatrique, Hopital Robert Debré, APHP Nord Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Penelope A Bryant
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Hospital In The Home Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bob Phillips
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Richard De Abreu Lourenco
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin A Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Avilés-Robles MJ, Reyes-López A, Otero-Mendoza FJ, Valencia-Garin AU, Peñaloza-González JG, Rosales-Uribe RE, Muñoz-Hernández O, Garduño-Espinosa J, Juárez-Villegas L, Zapata-Tarrés M. Safety and efficacy of step-down to oral outpatient treatment versus inpatient antimicrobial treatment in pediatric cancer patients with febrile neutropenia: A noninferiority multicenter randomized clinical trial. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28251. [PMID: 32196898 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It has been suggested that low-risk febrile neutropenia (FN) episodes can be treated in a step-down manner in the outpatient setting. This recommendation has been limited to implementation in middle-income countries due to concerns about infrastructure and lack of trained personnel. We aimed to determine whether early step-down to oral antimicrobial outpatient treatment is not inferior in safety and efficacy to inpatient intravenous treatment in children with low-risk FN. PROCEDURE A noninferiority randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in three hospitals in Mexico City. Low-risk FN was identified in children younger than 18 years. After 48 to 72 hours of intravenous treatment, children were randomly allocated to receive outpatient oral treatment (experimental arm, cefixime) or to continue inpatient treatment (standard of care, cefepime). Daily monitoring was performed until neutropenia resolution. The presence of any unfavorable clinical outcome was the endpoint of interest. We performed a noninferiority test for comparison of proportions. RESULTS We identified 1237 FN episodes; 117 cases were randomized: 60 to the outpatient group and 57 for continued inpatient treatment. Of the FN episodes, 100% in the outpatient group and 93% in the inpatient group had a favorable outcome (P < 0.001). The mean duration of antibiotics was 4.1 days (SD 2.5; 95% CI, 3.4-4.8 days) in the outpatient group and 4.4 days (SD 2.5; 95% CI, 3.7-5.0 days) in the inpatient group (P = 0.70). CONCLUSIONS In our population, step-down oral outpatient treatment of low-risk FN was as safe and effective as inpatient intravenous treatment. Clinical Trials Identifier: NCT04000711.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Martha J Avilés-Robles
- Infectious Diseases Department, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Alfonso Reyes-López
- Center of Economics and Social Studies in Health, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | | | | | - Rómulo E Rosales-Uribe
- Subdivision of Integral Attention to the Patient, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | | - Juan Garduño-Espinosa
- Research Department, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Luis Juárez-Villegas
- Oncology Department, Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez, Mexico City, Mexico
| | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Inpatient Versus Outpatient Management of Negative Pressure Wound Therapy in Pediatric Patients. J Surg Res 2020; 254:197-205. [PMID: 32450421 DOI: 10.1016/j.jss.2020.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 04/05/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) is commonly used to manage complex wounds in the pediatric population. With recently developed portable NPWT devices, providers have the opportunity to transition NPWT to the outpatient setting. However, there are no studies describing outpatient NPWT in pediatric patients. Therefore, the purpose of our study was to leverage a population-level analysis to advance our current knowledge about outpatient NPWT use in pediatric patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS We analyzed the Truven Health Analytics MarketScan Commercial Claims Database from 2006 to 2014 to identify children treated with NPWT. We compared patient characteristics, indications, complications before and after NPWT, health care utilization within 30 d of NPWT initiation, and health care cost profile of patients treated with NPWT primarily as outpatients versus inpatients. Outpatient NPWT was defined as patients with ≤50% of NPWT coded during an inpatient hospitalization, whereas inpatient NPWT was defined as patients with >50% of NPWT. RESULTS We identified 3184 patients (1621 inpatients and 1563 outpatients) aged 0-17 y, who were treated with NPWT from 2006 to 2014. Outpatient NPWT was implemented across multiple ages, comorbidities, and indications, with a low complication rate (2.4%). After controlling for hematologic comorbidity and indications, outpatient NPWT was associated with lower risk of complications (odds ratio: 0.57, 95% confidence interval 0.38-0.86) and lower median total costs ($5602.03) compared with inpatient ($15,233.21) therapy. CONCLUSIONS Outpatient NPWT management in pediatric patients was associated with low complication rates. Additional studies are necessary to determine the most overall cost-effective treatment setting for NPWT in the pediatric population.
Collapse
|
31
|
Carter B, Fisher-Smith D, Porter D, Lane S, Peak M, Taylor-Robinson D, Bracken L, Carrol E. Being 'at-home' on outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT): a qualitative study of parents' experiences of paediatric OPAT. Arch Dis Child 2020; 105:276-281. [PMID: 31558443 PMCID: PMC7041500 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-317629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To better understand the factors that facilitate and hinder a positive experience of paediatric outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT). DESIGN Qualitative study using semistructured interviews. SETTING A dedicated paediatric consultant-led hospital-based, outreach OPAT service in England. PARTICIPANTS Participants were primarily parents of children who had received OPAT; one child participated. METHODS Children and parents of children who received OPAT and who had participated in the survey phase of the larger study were invited to be interviewed. RESULTS 12 parents (10 mothers and 2 fathers) of 10 children participated; one child (aged 15 years). Data analysis resulted in one meta-theme, 'At-homeness' with OPAT, this reflected the overall sense of home being a place in which the children and their parents could be where they wanted to be. Four key themes were identified that reflect the ways in which parents and children experienced being at-home on OPAT: 'Comfort, security, freedom, and control'; 'Faith, trust and confidence'; 'Explanations and communication' and 'Concerns, restrictions and inconveniences'. CONCLUSIONS Despite feeling anxious at times, parents reported that they and their children generally had a positive experience of OPAT; being at-home brought many benefits compared with in-patient care. Recommendations arising from the study include a 'whole-system' approach to discharge home that includes support related to return to school/nursery, reduction in disruptions to home-based routines, more clarity on choice and preparation for managing potential anxiety, better consideration of dose timing and enhanced preparation and information.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernie Carter
- Faculty of Health, Social Care and Medicine, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Debra Fisher-Smith
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David Porter
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Steven Lane
- Biostatistics, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matthew Peak
- Research and Development, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK,Cheshire and Merseyside Medicines for Children Research Network, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Louise Bracken
- Paediatric Medicines Research Unit, Alder Hey Children’s NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - Enitan Carrol
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Haeusler GM, Thursky KA, Slavin MA, Babl FE, De Abreu Lourenco R, Allaway Z, Mechinaud F, Phillips R. Risk stratification in children with cancer and febrile neutropenia: A national, prospective, multicentre validation of nine clinical decision rules. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 18:100220. [PMID: 31993576 PMCID: PMC6978200 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced intensity treatment of low-risk febrile neutropenia (FN) in children with cancer is safe and improves quality of life. Identifying children with low-risk FN using a validated risk stratification strategy is recommended. This study prospectively validated nine FN clinical decision rules (CDRs) designed to predict infection or adverse outcome. METHODS Data were collected on consecutive FN episodes in this multicentre, prospective validation study. The reproducibility and discriminatory ability of each CDR in the validation cohort was compared to the derivation dataset and details of missed outcomes were reported. FINDINGS There were 858 FN episodes in 462 patients from eight hospitals included. Bacteraemia occurred in 111 (12·9%) and a non-bacteraemia microbiological documented infection in 185 (21·6%). Eight CDRs exhibited reproducibility and sensitivity ranged from 64% to 96%. Rules that had >85% sensitivity in predicting outcomes classified few patients (<20%) as low risk. For three CDRs predicting a composite outcome of any bacterial or viral infection, the sensitivity and discriminatory ability improved for prediction of bacterial infection alone. Across all CDRs designed to be implemented at FN presentation, the sensitivity improved at day 2 assessment. INTERPRETATION While reproducibility was observed in eight out of the nine CDRs, no rule perfectly differentiated between children with FN at high or low risk of infection. This is in keeping with other validation studies and highlights the need for additional safeguards against missed infections or adverse outcomes before implementation can be considered.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M. Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Victorian Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria State Government, Melbourne, Australia
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
| | - Karin A. Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monica A. Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Franz E. Babl
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT)
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard De Abreu Lourenco
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zoe Allaway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Children's Cancer Centre, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francoise Mechinaud
- Children's Cancer Centre, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Unité d'hématologie immunologie pédiatrique, Hopital Robert Debré, APHP Nord Université de Paris, France
| | - Robert Phillips
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Intravenous ceftriaxone at home versus intravenous flucloxacillin in hospital for children with cellulitis: a cost-effectiveness analysis. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019; 19:1101-1108. [PMID: 31420292 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(19)30288-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy after hospital admission is increasingly popular, but its use to avoid admission to hospital altogether by treating patients wholly as outpatients remains uncommon in children. One reason for the low use of treatment at home is the scarcity of evidence of its cost-effectiveness. In this planned follow-up analysis of the Cellulitis at Home or Inpatient in Children from the Emergency Department (CHOICE) trial, we aimed to assess the cost-effectiveness of an admission avoidance pathway, in which children were treated at home, compared with standard hospital care for the intravenous treatment of moderate or severe cellulitis. METHODS We did a cost-effectiveness analysis to compare home treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone versus hospital treatment with intravenous flucloxacillin in children aged 6 months to 18 years who had presented to the emergency department at The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia, with moderate or severe uncomplicated cellulitis. We included costs from two sources: institutional costs at a patient level and expenses incurred by families. We measured effectiveness with quality-adjusted life years (QALYs), which we derived from the Child Health Utility 9D questionnaire, and a clinical outcome of treatment failure, which was the primary outcome of the CHOICE trial. We planned to calculate the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio, defined as the difference between groups in total cost divided by the difference between groups in effectiveness. The CHOICE trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02334124. FINDINGS We included 180 children who comprised the per-protocol population in the CHOICE trial: 89 children in the home group and 91 children in the hospital group. The institutional cost per patient per episode was significantly lower in the home group than in the hospital group (AUS$1965 vs $3775; p<0·0001). The mean cost incurred per family was $182 for the home group and $593 for the hospital group (p<0·0001). Both measures of effectiveness were significantly better in the home group than in the hospital group: QALYs were 0·005 for the home group versus 0·004 for the hospital group (p<0·0001), and treatment failure occurred in one (1%) patient in the home group versus seven (8%) patients in the hospital group (risk difference -6·5%, 95% CI -12·4 to -0·7; p=0·029). Calculating the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was thus deemed redundant. INTERPRETATION Treatment at home was less costly and more effective than standard hospital care for children with moderate or severe cellulitis. These findings support development of this admission avoidance pathway in hospitals. FUNDING The Royal Children's Hospital Foundation, Murdoch Children's Research Institute.
Collapse
|
34
|
Jacquet J, Catala G, Machiels JP, Penaloza A. Neutropénie fébrile aux urgences, stratification du risque et conditions du retour à domicile. ANNALES FRANCAISES DE MEDECINE D URGENCE 2019. [DOI: 10.3166/afmu-2019-0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
La neutropénie fébrile (NF) est une situation fréquemment rencontrée aux urgences avec un taux de mortalité non négligeable variant de 5 à 40 %. Cette variabilité importante met en avant l’importance de stratifier le risque afin de permettre un traitement ambulatoire per os de certains patients à faible risque. En plus du MASCC (The Multinational Association for Supportive Care in Cancer) score, d’autres outils permettent d’évaluer ce risque ou sont à l’étude dans ce but, tels que le dosage de la CRP, la procalcitonine ou encore le score CISNE. Après une prise en charge rapide aux urgences incluant l’administration sans délai d’un traitement adéquat, la poursuite de l’antibiothérapie per os à domicile est envisageable chez les patients à faible risque. La combinaison amoxicilline–acide clavulanique et ciprofloxacine est le plus souvent recommandée, mais la moxifloxacine ou la lévofloxacine en monothérapie peuvent également être utilisées pour les patients traités à domicile. Le retour à domicile permet de réduire fortement les coûts engendrés par l’hospitalisation, de diminuer le risque d’infection nosocomiale et d’améliorer la qualité de vie des patients avec NF à faible risque. Dans cette optique, plusieurs critères doivent être remplis, et une discussion avec le patient reste primordiale à la prise de décision. Parmi ceux-ci, nous retiendrons notamment un score MASCC supérieur à 21, une durée attendue de neutropénie inférieure à sept jours, l’accord du patient et de son entourage ainsi que la proximité entre le domicile et un service de soin adapté.
Collapse
|
35
|
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Over recent years, there has been a marked increase in the number of centres delivering paediatric outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (pOPAT). Various factors have fuelled this drive, including the significant economic pressures faced by high-income countries to contain the cost of healthcare, resulting in a significant reduction of in-patient beds over the past 20 years. It is essential that pOPAT services have formal clinical governance structures in place to ensure the safe and effective management of children being ambulated on intravenous antibiotics. They also require oversight of antimicrobial decisions by a medically qualified infection specialist to ensure that the principles of antimicrobial stewardship are adhered to. This review aims to provide an evidence-based framework for delivering pOPAT services. RECENT FINDINGS There is increasing data supporting the implementation of admission avoidance strategies for children with cellulitis and pyelonephritis. In addition, recent data supports the management of a subset of children with febrile neutropenia within pOPAT services. Above all, there is a clear recognition that embedding antimicrobial stewardship within pOPAT services reduces duration of intravenous antibiotics (IVAbs) and improves patient management. pOPAT services are safe, cost-effective and associated with high levels of parent/patient satisfaction. Further research is required to develop risk prediction models for children being considered for pOPAT. Further data about the use of elastomeric devices in children and the acceptability of parental administration of IVAbs are also required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjay Patel
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Southampton Children's Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Mailpoint 43, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK. .,NIHR Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Facility, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, UK.
| | - Helen Green
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases & Immunology, Southampton Children's Hospital, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Mailpoint 43, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Rivas‐Ruiz R, Villasis‐Keever M, Miranda‐Novales G, Castelán‐Martínez OD, Rivas‐Contreras S. Outpatient treatment for people with cancer who develop a low-risk febrile neutropaenic event. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2019; 3:CD009031. [PMID: 30887505 PMCID: PMC6423292 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd009031.pub2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND People with febrile neutropaenia are usually treated in a hospital setting. Recently, treatment with oral antibiotics has been proven to be as effective as intravenous therapy. However, the efficacy and safety of outpatient treatment have not been fully evaluated. OBJECTIVES To compare the efficacy (treatment failure and mortality) and safety (adverse events of antimicrobials) of outpatient treatment compared with inpatient treatment in people with cancer who have low-risk febrile neutropaenia. SEARCH METHODS We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL; 2018, Issue 11) in the Cochrane Library, MEDLINE via Ovid (from 1948 to November week 4, 2018), Embase via Ovid (from 1980 to 2018, week 48) and trial registries (National Cancer Institute, MetaRegister of Controlled Trials, Medical Research Council Clinical Trial Directory). We handsearched all references of included studies and major reviews. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) comparing outpatient with inpatient treatment for people with cancer who develop febrile neutropaenia. The outpatient group included those who started treatment as an inpatient and completed the antibiotic course at home (sequential) as well as those who started treatment at home. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Two review authors independently assessed trial eligibility, methodological quality, and extracted data. Primary outcome measures were: treatment failure and mortality; secondary outcome measures considered were: duration of fever, adverse drug reactions to antimicrobial treatment, duration of neutropaenia, duration of hospitalisation, duration of antimicrobial treatment, and quality of life (QoL). We estimated risk ratios (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dichotomous data; we calculated weighted mean differences for continuous data. Random-effects meta-analyses and sensitivity analyses were conducted. MAIN RESULTS We included ten RCTs, six in adults (628 participants) and four in children (366 participants). We found no clear evidence of a difference in treatment failure between the outpatient and inpatient groups, either in adults (RR 1.23, 95% CI 0.82 to 1.85, I2 0%; six studies; moderate-certainty evidence) or children (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.55 to 1.99, I2 0%; four studies; moderate-certainty evidence). For mortality, we also found no clear evidence of a difference either in studies in adults (RR 1.04, 95% CI 0.29 to 3.71; six studies; 628 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) or in children (RR 0.63, 95% CI 0.15 to 2.70; three studies; 329 participants; moderate-certainty evidence).According to the type of intervention (early discharge or exclusively outpatient), meta-analysis of treatment failure in four RCTs in adults with early discharge (RR 1.48, 95% CI 0.74 to 2.95; P = 0.26, I2 0%; 364 participants; moderate-certainty evidence) was similar to the results of the exclusively outpatient meta-analysis (RR 1.15, 95% CI 0.62 to 2.13; P = 0.65, I2 19%; two studies; 264 participants; moderate-certainty evidence).Regarding the secondary outcome measures, we found no clear evidence of a difference between outpatient and inpatient groups in duration of fever (adults: mean difference (MD) 0.2, 95% CI -0.36 to 0.76, 1 study, 169 participants; low-certainty evidence) (children: MD -0.6, 95% CI -0.84 to 0.71, 3 studies, 305 participants; low-certainty evidence) and in duration of neutropaenia (adults: MD 0.1, 95% CI -0.59 to 0.79, 1 study, 169 participants; low-certainty evidence) (children: MD -0.65, 95% CI -0.1.86 to 0.55, 2 studies, 268 participants; moderate-certainty evidence). With regard to adverse drug reactions, although there was greater frequency in the outpatient group, we found no clear evidence of a difference when compared to the inpatient group, either in adult participants (RR 8.39, 95% CI 0.38 to 187.15; three studies; 375 participants; low-certainty evidence) or children (RR 1.90, 95% CI 0.61 to 5.98; two studies; 156 participants; low-certainty evidence).Four studies compared the hospitalisation time and found that the mean number of days of hospital stay was lower in the outpatient treated group by 1.64 days in adults (MD -1.64, 95% CI -2.22 to -1.06; 3 studies, 251 participants; low-certainty evidence) and by 3.9 days in children (MD -3.90, 95% CI -5.37 to -2.43; 1 study, 119 participants; low-certainty evidence). In the 3 RCTs of children in which days of antimicrobial treatment were analysed, we found no difference between outpatient and inpatient groups (MD -0.07, 95% CI -1.26 to 1.12; 305 participants; low-certainty evidence).We identified two studies that measured QoL: one in adults and one in children. QoL was slightly better in the outpatient group than in the inpatient group in both studies, but there was no consistency in the domains included. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Outpatient treatment for low-risk febrile neutropaenia in people with cancer probably makes little or no difference to treatment failure and mortality compared with the standard hospital (inpatient) treatment and may reduce time that patients need to be treated in hospital.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo Rivas‐Ruiz
- Insitiuto Mexicano del Seguro Social, Centro Medico Nacional Siglo XXICentro de adiestramiento en Investigación ClínicaHospital de Pediatria del CMN SXXIAvenida Cuauhtemoc #330Mexico CityMexico
| | - Miguel Villasis‐Keever
- Instituto Mexicano del Seguro SocialClinical Epidemiology Research UnitMexico CityDFMexicoCP 06470
| | | | - Osvaldo D Castelán‐Martínez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoFacultad de Estudios Superiores ZaragozaBatalla 5 de mayo s/n esquina Fuerte de LoretoCol. Ejercito de Oriente, Iztapalapa, C.P. 09230Mexico CityMexico
| | - Silvia Rivas‐Contreras
- Instituto de Salud del Estado de MexicoCentro de Atención Primaria a la Salud TlalmanalcoAvenida Mirador No. 40TlamanalcoMexico56700
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Ibrahim LF, Hopper SM, Orsini F, Daley AJ, Babl FE, Bryant PA. Efficacy and safety of intravenous ceftriaxone at home versus intravenous flucloxacillin in hospital for children with cellulitis (CHOICE): a single-centre, open-label, randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2019; 19:477-486. [PMID: 30853250 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(18)30729-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Revised: 10/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy in children is common despite no evidence of its efficacy or safety from clinical trials. We aimed to compare the efficacy and safety of intravenous antibiotic therapy at home with that of standard treatment in hospital for children with moderate to severe cellulitis. METHODS The Cellulitis at Home or Inpatient in Children from the Emergency Department (CHOICE) trial was a randomised, controlled, non-inferiority trial in children aged 6 months to 18 years who presented to the emergency department at The Royal Children's Hospital (Melbourne, VIC, Australia) with uncomplicated moderate to severe cellulitis. Participants were randomly assigned to receive either intravenous ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg once daily) at home or intravenous flucloxacillin (50 mg/kg every 6 h) in hospital with web-based randomisation, stratified by age and periorbital cellulitis. The primary outcome was treatment failure, which was defined as no clinical improvement or occurrence of an adverse event, resulting in a change in empiric antibiotics within 48 h of the first dose. Secondary outcomes included adverse events and acquisition of antibiotic-resistant bacteria. Outcomes were assessed in all randomised participants with outcome data (intention-to-treat population) and in all individuals who received treatment as allocated and did not have any major protocol violations (per-protocol population). For home treatment to be non-inferior to hospital treatment, the difference between groups in the proportion of children with treatment failure in the intention-to-treat population had to be less than 15%. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02334124. FINDINGS Between Jan 9, 2015, and June 15, 2017, we screened 1135 children for eligibility, of whom 190 were randomly assigned to receive ceftriaxone at home (n=95) or flucloxacillin in hospital (n=95). The intention-to-treat analysis comprised 188 children (93 in the home group and 95 in the hospital group) because two children in the home group were found to be ineligible after randomisation and were excluded. Treatment failure occurred in two (2%) children in the home group and in seven (7%) children in the hospital group (risk difference -5·2%, 95% CI -11·3 to 0·8, p=0·088). In the per-protocol analysis, treatment failure occurred in one (1%) of 89 children in the home group and in seven (8%) of 91 children in the hospital group (-6·5%, -12·4 to -0·7). Fewer children treated at home than in hospital had an adverse event (two [2%] vs ten [11%]; p=0·048). There was no difference between groups in rates of nasal acquisition of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or gastrointestinal acquisition of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing bacteria or Clostridium difficile after 3 months. INTERPRETATION Home treatment with intravenous ceftriaxone is not inferior to treatment in hospital with intravenous flucloxacillin for children with cellulitis. The standard of care for the intravenous treatment of uncomplicated cellulitis in children should be home or outpatient care when feasible. FUNDING The Royal Children's Hospital Foundation and Murdoch Children's Research Institute.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laila F Ibrahim
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sandy M Hopper
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Emergency Department, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Francesca Orsini
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Melbourne Children's Trials Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Daley
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Microbiology Department, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Franz E Babl
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Emergency Department, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Penelope A Bryant
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Hospital-In-The-Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Carter B, Carrol ED, Porter D, Peak M, Taylor-Robinson D, Fisher-Smith D, Blake L. Delivery, setting and outcomes of paediatric Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT): a scoping review. BMJ Open 2018; 8:e021603. [PMID: 30446572 PMCID: PMC6252693 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2018-021603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been little detailed systematic consideration of the delivery, setting and outcomes of paediatric Outpatient Parenteral Antimicrobial Therapy (OPAT), although individual studies report that it is a safe and effective treatment. OBJECTIVE This scoping review aimed to examine what is known about the delivery, settings and outcomes of paediatric OPAT and to identify key knowledge deficits. DESIGN A scoping review using Arksey and O'Malley's framework was undertaken. DATA SOURCES Keywords were identified and used to search MEDLINE and CINAHL. STUDY APPRAISAL METHODS Primary research studies were included if samples comprised children and young people 21 or under, who had received OPAT at home or in a day treatment centre. The Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool was used to review the methodological quality of the studies MAIN FINDINGS: From a preliminary pool of 157 articles, 51 papers were selected for full review. 19 studies fitted the inclusion criteria. Factors influencing delivery of OPAT were diverse and included child's condition, home environment, child-related factors, parental compliance, training and monitoring. There is little consensus as to what constitutes success of and adverse events in OPAT. CONCLUSIONS Future studies need to clearly define and use success indicators and adverse events in order to provide evidence that paediatric OPAT is safe and effective. IMPLICATIONS Consensus outcomes that include child and parent perspectives need to be developed to allow a clearer appreciation of a successful paediatric OPAT service.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bernie Carter
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| | - Enitan D Carrol
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - David Porter
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Matthew Peak
- Paediatric Medicines Research Unit, Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Debra Fisher-Smith
- Department of Clinical Infection, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lucy Blake
- Faculty of Health and Social Care, Edge Hill University, Ormskirk, UK
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Lekshminarayanan A, Bhatt P, Linga VG, Chaudhari R, Zhu B, Dave M, Donda K, Savani S, Patel SV, Billimoria ZC, Bhaskaran S, Zaid-Kaylani S, Dapaah-Siakwan F, Bhatt NS. National Trends in Hospitalization for Fever and Neutropenia in Children with Cancer, 2007-2014. J Pediatr 2018; 202:231-237.e3. [PMID: 30029861 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpeds.2018.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 06/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the trends of inpatient resource use and mortality in pediatric hospitalizations for fever with neutropenia in the US from 2007 to 2014. STUDY DESIGN Using National (Nationwide) Inpatient Sample (NIS) and International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, Clinical Modification codes, we studied pediatric cancer hospitalizations with fever with neutropenia between 2007 and 2014. Using appropriate weights for each NIS discharge, we created national estimates of median cost, length of stay, and in-hospital mortality rates. RESULTS Between 2007 and 2014, there were 104 315 hospitalizations for pediatric fever with neutropenia. The number of weighted fever with neutropenia hospitalizations increased from 12.9 (2007) to 18.1 (2014) per 100 000 US population. A significant increase in fever with neutropenia hospitalizations trend was seen in the 5- to 14-year age group, male sex, all races, and in Midwest and Western US hospital regions. Overall mortality rate remained low at 0.75%, and the 15- to 19-year age group was at significantly greater risk of mortality (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.36-3.68, P = .002). Sepsis, pneumonia, meningitis, and mycosis were the comorbidities with greater risk of mortality during fever with neutropenia hospitalizations. Median length of stay (2007: 4 days, 2014: 5 days, P < .001) and cost of hospitalization (2007: $8771, 2014: $11 202, P < .001) also significantly increased during the study period. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides information regarding inpatient use associated with fever with neutropenia in pediatric hospitalizations. Continued research is needed to develop standardized risk stratification and cost-effective treatment strategies for fever with neutropenia hospitalizations considering increasing costs reported in our study. Future studies also are needed to address the greater observed mortality in adolescents with cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anusha Lekshminarayanan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Functional Cholesterol, Diabetes, and Endocrinology Center, Springdale, OH
| | - Parth Bhatt
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX
| | - Vijay Gandhi Linga
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX
| | - Riddhi Chaudhari
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Connecticut, Hartford, CT
| | - Brian Zhu
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX
| | - Mihir Dave
- Department of Public Health, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Keyur Donda
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL
| | - Sejal Savani
- Department of Public Health, New York University, New York, NY
| | - Samir V Patel
- Department of Internal Medicine, Sparks Health Systems, Fort Smith, AR
| | | | - Smita Bhaskaran
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX
| | - Samer Zaid-Kaylani
- Department of Pediatrics, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX
| | | | - Neel S Bhatt
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology/Oncology/BMT, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Haeusler GM, Slavin MA, Bryant PA, Babl FE, Mechinaud F, Thursky KA. Management of fever and neutropenia in children with cancer: A survey of Australian and New Zealand practice. J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54:761-769. [PMID: 29655245 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Variation in the management of fever and neutropenia (FN) in children is well described. The aim of this study was to explore the current management of FN across Australia and New Zealand and highlight areas for improvement. METHODS A practice survey was administered to paediatric health-care providers via four clinical and research networks. Using three clinical case vignettes, we explored risk stratification, empiric antibiotics, initial investigations, intravenous-oral switch, ambulatory management and antibiotic duration in children with cancer and FN. RESULTS A response was received from 104 participants from 16 different hospitals. FN guideline compliance was rated as moderate or poor by 24% of respondents, and seven different fever definitions were described. There was little variation in the selected empiric monotherapy and dual-therapy regimens, and almost all respondents recommended first-dose antibiotics within 1 h. However, 27 different empiric antibiotic combinations were selected for beta-lactam allergy. An incorrect risk status was assigned to the low-risk case by 27% of respondents and to the high-risk case by 41%. Compared to current practice, significantly more respondents would manage the low-risk case in the ambulatory setting provided adequate resources were in place (43 vs. 85%, P < 0.0001). There was variation in the use of empiric glycopeptides as well as use of aminoglycosides beyond 48 h. CONCLUSION Although the antibiotics selected for empiric management of FN are appropriate and consistent, variation and inaccuracies exist in risk stratification, the selection of monotherapy over dual therapy, empiric antibiotics chosen for beta-lactam allergy, use of glycopeptides and duration of aminoglycosides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria State Government, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infection and Immunity, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Penelope A Bryant
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Franz E Babl
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francoise Mechinaud
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin A Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Maxwell RR, Egan-Sherry D, Gill JB, Roth ME. Management of chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia in pediatric oncology patients: A North American survey of pediatric hematology/oncology and pediatric infectious disease physicians. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2017; 64. [PMID: 28748605 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy-induced febrile neutropenia (FN) is traditionally managed with hospital admission for parenteral antibiotics until neutropenia resolves. Recent studies have explored risk stratification and the safety of managing "low-risk" patients as outpatients. Few studies have directly assessed pediatric provider preferences for managing FN. PROCEDURE We conducted a survey of practicing US and Canadian pediatric hematology/oncology (PHO) and pediatric infectious disease (PID) physicians to assess their FN management preferences using case scenarios with varying risk profiles. RESULTS Twenty-one percent (n = 186) of PHO and 32% (n = 123) of PID physicians completed the survey. Overall, both groups of providers agreed regarding which patients with FN could be managed outpatient. For a child with acute lymphoblastic leukemia receiving maintenance chemotherapy with an absolute neutrophil count (ANC) of 400 cells/μl, 35% (n = 66) of PHO and 49% (n = 60) of PID physicians would consider outpatient management (P = 0.02). Of those physicians selecting inpatient management, 41% (n = 49) of PHO and 52% (n = 33) of PID physicians would be willing to discharge the patient without an increase in ANC, if afebrile with a negative blood culture (P = 0.16). For a similar patient with an ANC of 100 cells/μl, only 23% (n = 35) of PHO and 42% (n = 39) of PID physicians would consider discharge without an increase in ANC (P = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS Despite the lack of established guidelines for low-risk pediatric FN, a significant proportion of North American physicians report willingness to modify traditional management. This reinforces the need for evidence-based low-risk criteria and outpatient management guidelines to optimize consistency of care for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rochelle R Maxwell
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York
| | - Dana Egan-Sherry
- Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Jonathan B Gill
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York.,Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Michael E Roth
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital at Montefiore, Bronx, New York.,Department of Pediatrics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Ibrahim LF, Hopper SM, Connell TG, Daley AJ, Bryant PA, Babl FE. Evaluating an admission avoidance pathway for children in the emergency department: outpatient intravenous antibiotics for moderate/severe cellulitis. Emerg Med J 2017; 34:780-785. [PMID: 28978652 DOI: 10.1136/emermed-2017-206829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/31/2017] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Children with moderate/severe cellulitis requiring intravenous antibiotics are usually admitted to hospital. Admission avoidance is attractive but there are few data in children. We implemented a new pathway for children to be treated with intravenous antibiotics at home and aimed to describe the characteristics of patients treated on this pathway and in hospital and to evaluate the outcomes. METHODS This is a prospective, observational cohort study of children aged 6 months-18 years attending the ED with uncomplicated moderate/severe cellulitis in March 2014-January 2015. Patients received either intravenous ceftriaxone at home or intravenous flucloxacillin in hospital based on physician discretion. Primary outcome was treatment failure defined as antibiotic change within 48 hours due to inadequate clinical improvement or serious adverse events. Secondary outcomes include duration of intravenous antibiotics and complications. RESULTS 115 children were included: 47 (41%) in the home group and 68 (59%) in the hospital group (59 hospital-only, 9 transferred home during treatment). The groups had similar clinical features. 2/47 (4%) of the children in the home group compared with 8/59 (14%) in the hospital group had treatment failure (P=0.10). Duration of intravenous antibiotics (median 1.9 vs 1.8 days, P=0.31) and complications (6% vs 10%, P=0.49) were no different between groups. Home treatment costs less, averaging $A1166 (£705) per episode compared with $A2594 (£1570) in hospital. CONCLUSIONS Children with uncomplicated cellulitis may be able to avoid hospital admission via a home intravenous pathway. This approach has the potential to provide cost and other benefits of home treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Laila F Ibrahim
- Department of RCH@Home, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Sandy M Hopper
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Emergency, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tom G Connell
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of General Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Daley
- Department of General Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Penelope A Bryant
- Department of RCH@Home, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of General Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Franz E Babl
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Emergency, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Bryant PA, Katz NT. Inpatient versus outpatient parenteral antibiotic therapy at home for acute infections in children: a systematic review. THE LANCET. INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2017; 18:e45-e54. [PMID: 28822781 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(17)30345-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2016] [Revised: 05/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Inpatient management is necessary in many situations, but medical and allied-health treatments are increasingly being used on an outpatient basis to allow patients who would traditionally have been admitted to hospital to remain at home. Home-based clinical management has many potential benefits, including reduced hospital-acquired infections, cost savings, and patient and family satisfaction. Studies in adults provide evidence for the benefits of home-based versus hospital-based intravenous antibiotics, but few studies inform practice in home-based intravenous antibiotic therapy for children. We systematically reviewed the efficacy, safety, satisfaction, and cost of home-based versus hospital-based intravenous antibiotic therapy for acute infections in children. We searched MEDLINE (from Jan 1, 1946, to Jan 31, 2017) and Embase (from Jan 1, 1974, to Jan 31, 2017) for studies investigating home-based and hospital-based intravenous antibiotic therapy and assessed them for quality. 2827 articles were identified and 19 studies were included in the systematic review. Efficacy results differed between studies depending on the outcome assessed. The incidence of complications and readmission to hospital was similar for hospital-based and home-based treatments. In seven (47%) of 15 studies, patients who had all or part of their treatment at home received treatment for longer than patients who were treated entirely in hospital. No studies showed that home-based treatment was less safe than hospital-based treatment. In all studies in which treatment satisfaction or costs were assessed, home-based treatment was satisfactory to patients or patients' families and less expensive per episode than hospital-based treatment by 30-75%. Thus, home-based intravenous antibiotic therapy might be popular and cost-effective, but randomised studies of the efficacy of this strategy are needed. This systematic review was registered with PROSPERO (number CRD42015024406).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penelope A Bryant
- Hospital-in-the-Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Clinical Paediatrics Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Naomi T Katz
- Hospital-in-the-Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia; Clinical Paediatrics Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Penel-Page M, Marec-Bérard P, Morelle M, Bertrand A, Riberon C, Boyle H, Perrier L. Management of Febrile Neutropenias in Adolescents and Young Adults: A Cost-Minimization Analysis Between Adult Versus Pediatric Units. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2017; 6:542-550. [PMID: 28678005 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2017.0035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Management of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) differs between adult and pediatric units, especially regarding febrile neutropenia (FN). In our previous study, we found that AYAs treated in adult units were significantly less hospitalized for FN than in pediatric units, without difference in morbimortality. The objective of this work was to assess the economic impact of these practices. METHODS This study retrospectively collected data from the medical records of AYAs treated at the Comprehensive Cancer Center Léon Bérard, Lyon, France, in the Euro-E-W-I-N-G99 protocol between September 1, 2000 and May 31, 2013. We focused on FN occurring after VIDE (vincristine, ifosfamide, doxorubicin, etoposide) courses. Costs were calculated using a micro-costing technique from the hospital's perspective (in 2014-Euro); the time horizon was the induction period. Multivariate analyses were performed on the total cost and cost of FN. Uncertainty was captured by sensitivity analyses. RESULTS Forty-four AYAs (18 in the adult sector, 26 in the pediatric sector) received 260 courses of VIDE. Mean cost of care was €37,544 in the pediatric sector, including €11,948 (32%) for FN (€11,851 in hospitalization), versus €34,677 in the adult sector, including €6,143 (18%) for FN (€5,789 in hospitalization). Cost for FN was significantly higher in pediatric units (difference in mean cost of €5,830 per patient, 95% bootstrapped confidence interval [1,939.1; 10,028.9]). In multivariate analysis, the only factor significantly influencing this cost difference was the sector of care. The most sensitive parameter was the unit cost of conventional hospitalization. CONCLUSION These results support the adult sector strategy, in agreement with the results of our first work showing comparable effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mathilde Penel-Page
- 1 Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique (IHOP) , Lyon, France .,2 Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 , Lyon, France
| | - Perrine Marec-Bérard
- 1 Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique (IHOP) , Lyon, France .,3 Dispositif Adolescents et Jeunes Adultes, IHOP et CLB , Lyon, France
| | - Magali Morelle
- 4 Centre Léon Bérard (CLB) , Lyon, France .,5 GATE L-SE UMR 5824 , Lyon, France
| | - Amandine Bertrand
- 1 Institut d'Hématologie et d'Oncologie Pédiatrique (IHOP) , Lyon, France
| | - Christèle Riberon
- 3 Dispositif Adolescents et Jeunes Adultes, IHOP et CLB , Lyon, France
| | - Helen Boyle
- 3 Dispositif Adolescents et Jeunes Adultes, IHOP et CLB , Lyon, France .,4 Centre Léon Bérard (CLB) , Lyon, France
| | - Lionel Perrier
- 4 Centre Léon Bérard (CLB) , Lyon, France .,5 GATE L-SE UMR 5824 , Lyon, France
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lehrnbecher T, Robinson P, Fisher B, Alexander S, Ammann RA, Beauchemin M, Carlesse F, Groll AH, Haeusler GM, Santolaya M, Steinbach WJ, Castagnola E, Davis BL, Dupuis LL, Gaur AH, Tissing WJE, Zaoutis T, Phillips R, Sung L. Guideline for the Management of Fever and Neutropenia in Children With Cancer and Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation Recipients: 2017 Update. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:2082-2094. [PMID: 28459614 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.71.7017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 277] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To update a clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the empirical management of fever and neutropenia (FN) in children with cancer and hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation recipients. Methods The International Pediatric Fever and Neutropenia Guideline Panel is a multidisciplinary and multinational group of experts in pediatric oncology and infectious diseases that includes a patient advocate. For questions of risk stratification and evaluation, we updated systematic reviews of observational studies. For questions of therapy, we conducted a systematic review of randomized trials of any intervention applied for the empirical management of pediatric FN. The Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to make strong or weak recommendations and to classify levels of evidence as high, moderate, low, or very low. Results Recommendations related to initial presentation, ongoing management, and empirical antifungal therapy of pediatric FN were reviewed; the most substantial changes were related to empirical antifungal therapy. Key differences from our 2012 FN CPG included the listing of a fourth-generation cephalosporin for empirical therapy in high-risk FN, refinement of risk stratification to define patients with high-risk invasive fungal disease (IFD), changes in recommended biomarkers and radiologic investigations for the evaluation of IFD in prolonged FN, and a weak recommendation to withhold empirical antifungal therapy in IFD low-risk patients with prolonged FN. Conclusion Changes to the updated FN CPG recommendations will likely influence the care of pediatric patients with cancer and those undergoing hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Future work should focus on closing research gaps and on identifying ways to facilitate implementation and adaptation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lehrnbecher
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Robinson
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Fisher
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Alexander
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Roland A Ammann
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Beauchemin
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Fabianne Carlesse
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas H Groll
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Santolaya
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - William J Steinbach
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Elio Castagnola
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Bonnie L Davis
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - L Lee Dupuis
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Aditya H Gaur
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Wim J E Tissing
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Theo Zaoutis
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Phillips
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Lillian Sung
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Hodgson KA, Huynh J, Ibrahim LF, Sacks B, Golshevsky D, Layley M, Spagnolo M, Raymundo CM, Bryant PA. The use, appropriateness and outcomes of outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy. Arch Dis Child 2016; 101:886-93. [PMID: 27166221 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2015-309731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Outpatient parenteral antimicrobial therapy (OPAT) is increasingly used to treat children at home, but studies in children are scarce. We aimed to describe the use, appropriateness and outcomes of OPAT in children. DESIGN This was a 12-month prospective observational study. SETTING The hospital-in-the-home programme of The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne. PATIENTS All patients receiving OPAT. INTERVENTIONS Data were collected including demographics, diagnosis, type of venous access and antibiotic choice. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Length of stay, adverse events, readmission rate and appropriateness of antibiotic use. RESULTS 228 patients received OPAT in 251 episodes. The median age was 7.4 years (range 1 week to 21 years), with 22 patients (10%) under 1 year. The most frequent diagnoses were exacerbation of cystic fibrosis (17%), urinary tract infection (12%) and cellulitis (9%). Most patients were transferred from the ward, but 18% were transferred directly from the emergency department, the majority with skin and soft-tissue infection (66%). Venous access was most commonly peripherally inserted central catheter (29%) and peripheral cannula (29%). 309 parenteral antibiotics were prescribed, most frequently ceftriaxone (28%) and gentamicin (19%). The majority of antibiotics (72%) were prescribed appropriately. However, 6% were deemed an inappropriate choice for the indication and 26% had inappropriate dose or duration. The incidence of central line-associated bloodstream infections was 0.9%. The unplanned readmission rate was 4%, with low rates of OPAT-related adverse events. Three children (1%) had an inadequate clinical response. CONCLUSIONS OPAT is a safe and effective way of providing antibiotics to children. Despite high rates of appropriate antibiotic use, improvements can still be made.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kate A Hodgson
- RCH@Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julie Huynh
- RCH@Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laila F Ibrahim
- RCH@Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Bronwyn Sacks
- RCH@Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel Golshevsky
- RCH@Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michael Layley
- RCH@Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Mark Spagnolo
- RCH@Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Chin-Mae Raymundo
- RCH@Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Penelope A Bryant
- RCH@Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Clinical Paediatrics Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Branowicki PA, Vessey JA, Temple KLJ, Lulloff AJ. Building Bridges From Hospital to Home. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2016; 33:370-7. [DOI: 10.1177/1043454215616606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Caregivers of pediatric oncology patients are expected to understand and adhere to a complex medical plan of care while at home; yet little is known about how to assess and evaluate the caregivers’ abilities to adequately meet these demands. The purpose of this study was to describe the issues and daily challenges faced by caregivers as they transition from hospital to home after their child’s cancer diagnosis. Patients and caregivers received a home visit by an expert pediatric oncology nurse within 72 hours postdischarge after initial diagnosis. The nursing narrative notes from these visits were analyzed using content analysis. Four explanatory themes emerged: (1) “We’re doing okay,” (2) “This isn’t going so well,” (3) “I could use a little help with this,” and (4) “An RN in the house makes you feel safe and know what is correct.” These analyses revealed many caregivers achieved mastery of caring for the child at home; however, an overwhelming majority of caregivers expressed questions or concerns to the nurse during the home visit, even those achieving mastery of care. A home visit by an expert pediatric oncology nurse assisted the caregiver in transitioning to caring for the child at home. Such programs should be considered when planning transition programs from hospital to home.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Judith A. Vessey
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Amanda J. Lulloff
- Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Boston College, Boston, MA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Robinson PD, Lehrnbecher T, Phillips R, Dupuis LL, Sung L. Strategies for Empiric Management of Pediatric Fever and Neutropenia in Patients With Cancer and Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation Recipients: A Systematic Review of Randomized Trials. J Clin Oncol 2016; 34:2054-60. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2015.65.8591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To describe treatment failure and mortality rates with different antibiotic regimens and different management strategies for empirical treatment of fever and neutropenia (FN) in pediatric patients with cancer and hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. Methods We conducted a systematic review and performed searches of MEDLINE, Embase, PubMed, and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials. Studies were included if pediatric patients had cancer or were HSCT recipients and the intervention was related to the management of FN. Strategies synthesized were monotherapy versus aminoglycoside-containing combination therapy; antipseudomonal penicillin monotherapy versus fourth-generation cephalosporin monotherapy; inpatient versus outpatient management; oral versus intravenous antibiotics; and addition of colony-stimulating factors. Results Of 11,469 citations screened, 68 studies randomly assigning 7,265 episodes were included. When compared with monotherapy, aminoglycoside-containing combination therapy did not decrease treatment failures (risk ratio, 1.13; 95% CI, 0.92 to 1.38; P = 0.23), and no difference in mortality was observed. Antipseudomonal penicillin and fourth-generation cephalosporin monotherapy were associated with similar failure and mortality rates. Outpatient management and oral antibiotics were safe in low-risk FN with no infection-related mortality observed in any patient and no significant differences in outcomes compared with inpatient management and intravenous therapy. Therapeutic colony-stimulating factors were associated with a 1.42-day reduction in hospitalization (95% CI, 0.62 to 2.22 days; P < .001). Conclusion There were a moderate number of pediatric randomized trials of FN management. Monotherapy for high-risk FN and outpatient and oral management for low-risk FN are effective strategies. These findings will provide the basis for guideline recommendations in pediatric FN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula D. Robinson
- Paula D. Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; L. Lee Dupuis and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Thomas Lehrnbecher, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Robert Phillips, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, National Health Service Trust, Leeds, and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Lehrnbecher
- Paula D. Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; L. Lee Dupuis and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Thomas Lehrnbecher, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Robert Phillips, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, National Health Service Trust, Leeds, and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Phillips
- Paula D. Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; L. Lee Dupuis and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Thomas Lehrnbecher, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Robert Phillips, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, National Health Service Trust, Leeds, and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - L. Lee Dupuis
- Paula D. Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; L. Lee Dupuis and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Thomas Lehrnbecher, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Robert Phillips, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, National Health Service Trust, Leeds, and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Lillian Sung
- Paula D. Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; L. Lee Dupuis and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Thomas Lehrnbecher, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; and Robert Phillips, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, National Health Service Trust, Leeds, and Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Lee S, Narendran G, Tomfohr-Madsen L, Schulte F. A systematic review of sleep in hospitalized pediatric cancer patients. Psychooncology 2016; 26:1059-1069. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.4149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2015] [Revised: 02/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soeun Lee
- Department of Psychology; University of Guelph; Guelph ON Canada
| | - Gaya Narendran
- Cumming School of Medicine; University of Calgary; Calgary AB Canada
| | - Lianne Tomfohr-Madsen
- Department of Psychology; University of Calgary; Calgary AB Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute; Calgary AB Canada
| | - Fiona Schulte
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute; Calgary AB Canada
- Haemotology, Oncology, and Blood and Marrow Transplant Program; Alberta Children's Hospital; Calgary AB Canada
- Department of Paediatrics; University of Calgary; Calgary AB Canada
- Department of Oncology; University of Calgary; Calgary AB Canada
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
de Oliveira BM. Use of biomarkers in the management of febrile neutropenia episodes in children with cancer. Rev Bras Hematol Hemoter 2016; 38:93-4. [PMID: 27208564 PMCID: PMC4877618 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjhh.2015.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 10/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
|