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Patel P, Robinson PD, Fisher BT, Phillips R, Morgan JE, Lehrnbecher T, Kuczynski S, Koenig C, Haeusler GM, Esbenshade A, Elgarten C, Duong N, Diorio C, Castagnola E, Beauchemin MP, Ammann RA, Dupuis LL, Sung L. Guideline for the management of Clostridioides difficile infection in pediatric patients with cancer and hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients: 2024 update. EClinicalMedicine 2024; 72:102604. [PMID: 38680517 PMCID: PMC11046252 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2024.102604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Our objective was to update a clinical practice guideline for the prevention and treatment of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in pediatric patients with cancer and hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients. We reconvened an international multi-disciplinary panel. A systematic review of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) for the prevention or treatment of CDI in any population was updated and identified 31 new RCTs. Strong recommendations were made to use either oral metronidazole or oral vancomycin for non-severe CDI treatment, and to use either oral vancomycin or oral fidaxomicin for severe CDI. A strong recommendation that fecal microbiota transplantation should not be routinely used to treat CDI was also made. The panel made two new good practice statements to follow infection control practices including isolation in patients experiencing CDI, and to minimize systemic antibacterial administration where feasible, especially in patients who have experienced CDI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya Patel
- Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario, 480 University Ave, Suite 1014, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V2, Canada
- Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
| | - Paula D. Robinson
- Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario, 480 University Ave, Suite 1014, Toronto, ON, M5G 1V2, Canada
| | - Brian T. Fisher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Robert Phillips
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Jessica E. Morgan
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, YO10 5DD, UK
- Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Thomas Lehrnbecher
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Hematology, Oncology and Hemostaseology, Goethe University Frankfurt, Theodor-W.-Adorno-Platz 1, 60629, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | - Christa Koenig
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Freiburgstrasse 20, 3010, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gabrielle M. Haeusler
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Adam Esbenshade
- Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Centre, 2220 Pierce Ave, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Caitlin Elgarten
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | | | - Caroline Diorio
- Division of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 3400 Civic Center Blvd, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Elio Castagnola
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147, Genova, Italy
| | - Melissa P. Beauchemin
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center/Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University School of Nursing, 1130 St Nicholas Ave, 2nd Floor, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Roland A. Ammann
- StatConsult Ammann, Pleerweg 92, 3400, Burgdorf, Switzerland
- Kinderarztpraxis KurWerk, Poststrasse 9, 3400, Burgdorf, Switzerland
| | - L. Lee Dupuis
- Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, 144 College St, Toronto, ON, M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Lillian Sung
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
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Alzard S, Wen J, Huynh NPQ, Shirkhanzadeh S, Tso JY, Rabino M, Vanevski M, Bryant PA, Buttery J, Haeusler GM, Lim AS. Opportunities and barriers to pediatric antimicrobial stewardship by community pharmacists. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2024:piae039. [PMID: 38686824 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Community Pharmacists (CPs) are easily accessible and can advocate for appropriate use of antibiotics in children. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 47 CPs and 46 parents/caregivers. Both groups expressed challenges to intervening when antibiotics have already been prescribed and highlighted the need for more support for CPs to make informed decisions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahd Alzard
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jane Wen
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Shahrzad Shirkhanzadeh
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jocelyn Y Tso
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Meynard Rabino
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Penelope A Bryant
- Royal Childrens Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- University of Melbourne Department of Paediatrics
| | - Jim Buttery
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
- Royal Childrens Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angelina S Lim
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
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Jain N, Ryan AL, Haeusler GM, McMullan BJ, Moore AS, Bartlett AW, Blyth CC, Kotecha RS, Yeoh DK, Clark JE. Invasive fungal disease in children with solid tumors: An Australian multicenter 10-year review. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2024:e31031. [PMID: 38679843 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.31031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Invasive fungal disease (IFD) occurs less frequently during treatment for solid compared to hematological malignancies in children, and risk groups are poorly defined. Retrospective national multicenter cohort data (2004-2013) were analyzed to document prevalence, clinical characteristics, and microbiology of IFD. Amongst 2067 children treated for solid malignancy, IFD prevalence was 1.9% overall and 1.4% for proven/probable IFD. Of all IFD episodes, 42.5% occurred in patients with neuroblastoma (prevalence 7.0%). Candida species comprised 54.8% of implicated pathogens in proven/probable IFD. In children with solid tumors, IFD is rare, and predominantly caused by yeasts.Routine prophylaxis may not be warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Jain
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anne L Ryan
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Brendan J McMullan
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Andrew S Moore
- Oncology Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Adam W Bartlett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
- Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Christopher C Blyth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rishi S Kotecha
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Daniel K Yeoh
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Julia E Clark
- Infection Management Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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Zhao Z, Patel PA, Slatnick L, Sitthi-Amorn A, Bielamowicz KJ, Nunez FA, Walsh AM, Hess J, Rossoff J, Elgarten C, Myers R, Saab R, Basbous M, Mccormick M, Aftandilian C, Richards R, Nessle CN, Tribble AC, Sheth Bhutada JK, Coven SL, Runco D, Wilkes J, Gurunathan A, Guinipero T, Belsky JA, Lee K, Wong V, Malhotra M, Armstrong A, Jerkins LP, Cross SJ, Fisher L, Stein MT, Wu NL, Yi T, Orgel E, Haeusler GM, Wolf J, Demedis JM, Miller TP, Esbenshade AJ. Prospective External Validation of the Esbenshade Vanderbilt Models Accurately Predicts Bloodstream Infection Risk in Febrile Non-Neutropenic Children With Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2024; 42:832-841. [PMID: 38060973 PMCID: PMC10906655 DOI: 10.1200/jco.23.01814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The optimal management of fever without severe neutropenia (absolute neutrophil count [ANC] ≥500/µL) in pediatric patients with cancer is undefined. The previously proposed Esbenshade Vanderbilt (EsVan) models accurately predict bacterial bloodstream infections (BSIs) in this population and provide risk stratification to aid management, but have lacked prospective external validation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Episodes of fever with a central venous catheter and ANC ≥500/µL occurring in pediatric patients with cancer were prospectively collected from 18 academic medical centers. Variables included in the EsVan models and 7-day clinical outcomes were collected. Five versions of the EsVan models were applied to the data with calculation of C-statistics for both overall BSI rate and high-risk organism BSI (gram-negative and Staphylococcus aureus BSI), as well as model calibration. RESULTS In 2,565 evaluable episodes, the BSI rate was 4.7% (N = 120). Complications for the whole cohort were rare, with 1.1% (N = 27) needing intensive care unit (ICU) care by 7 days, and the all-cause mortality rate was 0.2% (N = 5), with only one potential infection-related death. C-statistics ranged from 0.775 to 0.789 for predicting overall BSI, with improved accuracy in predicting high-risk organism BSI (C-statistic 0.800-0.819). Initial empiric antibiotics were withheld in 14.9% of episodes, with no deaths or ICU admissions attributable to not receiving empiric antibiotics. CONCLUSION The EsVan models, especially EsVan2b, perform very well prospectively across multiple academic medical centers and accurately stratify risk of BSI in episodes of non-neutropenic fever in pediatric patients with cancer. Implementation of routine screening with risk-stratified management for non-neutropenic fever in pediatric patients with cancer could safely reduce unnecessary antibiotic use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiguo Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN
| | - Pratik A. Patel
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Leonora Slatnick
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Anna Sitthi-Amorn
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Kevin J. Bielamowicz
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR
| | - Farranaz A. Nunez
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR
| | | | | | - Jenna Rossoff
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Caitlin Elgarten
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Oncology, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Regina Myers
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Oncology, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Raya Saab
- Children's Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Maya Basbous
- Children's Cancer Institute, Department of Pediatrics, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | | | - Catherine Aftandilian
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - Rebecca Richards
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology, Stem Cell Transplant and Regenerative Medicine Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA
| | - C. Nathan Nessle
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Alison C. Tribble
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI
| | - Jessica K. Sheth Bhutada
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Scott L. Coven
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Daniel Runco
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jennifer Wilkes
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Arun Gurunathan
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Terri Guinipero
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH
| | - Jennifer A. Belsky
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Riley Hospital for Children at IU Health, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Karen Lee
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Victor Wong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Megha Malhotra
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Amy Armstrong
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Washington University in St Louis School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Lauren P. Jerkins
- Department of Oncology, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Shane J. Cross
- Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Lyndsay Fisher
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences and Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR
| | - Madison T. Stein
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Division of Oncology, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Natalie L. Wu
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Troy Yi
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology and Bone Marrow Transplant, Seattle Children's Hospital, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA
| | - Etan Orgel
- Cancer and Blood Disease Institute, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
- Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Joshua Wolf
- Department of Infectious Diseases, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
| | - Jenna M. Demedis
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Center, Children's Hospital Colorado, Aurora, CO
| | - Tamara P. Miller
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Emory University School of Medicine and Aflac Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Children's Healthcare of Atlanta, Atlanta, GA
| | - Adam J. Esbenshade
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center and the Monroe Carell Jr. Children's Hospital at Vanderbilt and the Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, TN
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Singh N, Douglas AP, Slavin MA, Haeusler GM, Thursky KA. Antimicrobial use and appropriateness in neutropenic fever: a study of the Hospital National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey data. J Antimicrob Chemother 2024; 79:632-640. [PMID: 38305582 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutropenic fever (NF) is a common complication in patients receiving chemotherapy. Judicious antimicrobial use is paramount to minimize morbidity and mortality and to avoid antimicrobial-related harms. OBJECTIVES To use an Australian national dataset of antimicrobial prescriptions for the treatment of NF to describe antimicrobial use, prescription guideline compliance and appropriateness; and to compare these findings across different healthcare settings and patient demographics. We also aimed to identify trends and practice changes over time. METHODS Data were extracted from the Hospital National Antimicrobial Prescribing Survey (Hospital NAPS) database from August 2013 to May 2022. Antimicrobial prescriptions with a NF indication were analysed for antimicrobial use, guideline compliance and appropriateness according to the Hospital NAPS methodology. Demographic factors, hospital classifications and disease characteristics were compared. RESULTS A total of 2887 (n = 2441 adults, n = 441 paediatric) NF prescriptions from 254 health facilities were included. Piperacillin-tazobactam was the most prescribed antimicrobial. Overall, 87.4% of prescriptions were appropriate. Piperacillin-tazobactam and cefepime had the highest appropriateness though incorrect piperacillin-tazobactam dosing was observed. Lower appropriateness was identified for meropenem, vancomycin, and gentamicin prescribing particularly in the private hospital and paediatric cohorts. The most common reasons for inappropriate prescribing were spectrum too broad, incorrect dosing or frequency, and incorrect duration. CONCLUSIONS This study provides insights into antimicrobial prescribing practices for NF in Australia. We have identified three key areas for improvement: piperacillin-tazobactam dosing, paediatric NF prescribing and private hospital NF prescribing. Findings from this study will inform the updated Australian and New Zealand consensus guidelines for the management of neutropenic fever in patients with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikhil Singh
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Pharmacy Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Abby P Douglas
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karin A Thursky
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Department of Infectious Diseases, Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
- RMH Guidance Group, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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Diamond Y, Gilsenan M, Wang SS, Hanna D, Conyers R, Cole T, Hughes D, Fleming J, Meyran D, Toro C, Malalasekera V, Khaw SL, Haeusler GM. Infections in children following chimeric antigen receptor T-cell therapy for B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Transpl Infect Dis 2023; 25:e14202. [PMID: 38041799 DOI: 10.1111/tid.14202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND CD19-directed chimeric antigen receptor T-cell (CAR-T) therapy is transforming care for pediatric patients with relapsed or refractory B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL). There are limited pediatric-specific data concerning the infection risks associated with CD19 CAR-T therapy and the adequacy of current antimicrobial prophylaxis guidelines for these patients. METHODS We describe the antimicrobial prophylaxis used and the types of infectious occurring in the first 100 days following CAR-T therapy for relapsed or refractory B-cell ALL in children and adolescents (≤18 years) at our centre. RESULTS Twenty-seven patients received their first CAR-T infusion (CTI) during the study period. Almost all patients (96%) had a comprehensive Infectious Diseases review prior to CTI, which informed a personalised prophylaxis or fever/sepsis plan in six (22%). Overall, six (22%) patients had one or more infections during the study period including five (19%, 0.9 per 100 days-at-risk) from days 0-30 and three (n = 20, 15%, 0.6 per 100 days-at-risk) from days 31-100. Bacterial blood stream infections were the most common type of infection encountered during both time periods, and one patient had probable pulmonary aspergillosis. There were no infection-related deaths. CONCLUSION Our study contributes important information on the spectrum of infections encountered in pediatric patients with B-ALL post CAR-T therapy. Overall, the burden of infectious complications post CAR-T therapy in our cohort is lower than previously reported in the literature. Results suggest that our prophylaxis recommendations are effective in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonatan Diamond
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Maddie Gilsenan
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Stacie Shiqi Wang
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Diane Hanna
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Conyers
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Theresa Cole
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - David Hughes
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Fleming
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Deborah Meyran
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Claudia Toro
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria, Victoria, Australia
| | | | - Seong Lin Khaw
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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7
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Vargas C, Haeusler GM, Slavin MA, Babl FE, Mechinaud F, Phillips R, Thursky K, Lourenco RDA. An analysis of the resource use and costs of febrile neutropenia events in pediatric cancer patients in Australia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2023; 70:e30633. [PMID: 37592047 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.30633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Febrile neutropenia (FN) in children with cancer generally requires in-hospital care, but low-risk patients may be successfully managed in an outpatient setting, potentially reducing the overall healthcare costs. Updated data on the costs of FN care are lacking. METHODS A bottom-up microcosting analysis was conducted from the healthcare system perspective using data collected alongside the Australian PICNICC (Predicting Infectious Complications of Neutropenic sepsis In Children with Cancer) study. Inpatient costs were accessed from hospital administrative records and outpatient costs from Medicare data. Costs were stratified by risk status (low/high risk) according to the PICNICC criteria. Estimated mean costs were obtained through bootstrapping and using a linear model to account for multiple events across individuals and other clinical factors that may impact costs. RESULTS The total costs of FN care were significantly higher for FN events classified as high-risk ($17,827, 95% confidence interval [CI]: $17,193-$18,461) compared to low-risk ($10,574, 95% CI: $9818-$11,330). In-hospital costs were significantly higher for high-risk compared to low-risk events, despite no differences in the cost structure, mean cost per day, and pattern of resource use. Hospital length of stay (LOS) was the only modifiable factor significantly associated with total costs of care. Excluding antineoplastics, antimicrobials are the most commonly used medications in the inpatient and outpatient setting for the overall period of analysis. CONCLUSION The FN costs are driven by in-hospital admission and LOS. This suggests that the outpatient management of low-risk patients is likely to reduce the in-hospital cost of treating an FN event. Further research will determine if shifting the cost to the outpatient setting remains cost-effective overall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constanza Vargas
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria State Government, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Franz E Babl
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francoise Mechinaud
- Unité d'hématologie Immunologie Pédiatrique, Hopital Robert Debré, APHP Nord Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Robert Phillips
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
- Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - Karin Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard De Abreu Lourenco
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, New South Wales, Australia
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8
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Haeusler GM, Styczynski J, Zimmer AJ. Shifting landscape of infectious diseases in hematologic malignancies: A hematopoietic cell transplantation and cellular therapy special edition. Transpl Infect Dis 2023; 25 Suppl 1:e14195. [PMID: 37988239 DOI: 10.1111/tid.14195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria State Government, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jan Styczynski
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Andrea J Zimmer
- University of Nebraska College of Medicine, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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9
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Corrente C, Satkumaran S, Segal A, Butters C, Fernandez C, Babl FE, Orme LM, Thursky K, Haeusler GM. Evaluating the accuracy and efficacy of an electronic medical record alert to identify paediatric patients with low-risk febrile neutropenia. Int J Med Inform 2023; 178:105205. [PMID: 37703799 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2023.105205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Point-of-care decision support, embedded into electronic medical record (EMR) workflows, has the potential to improve efficiency, reduce unwarranted variation and improve patient outcomes. A clinical-facing best practice advisory (BPA) in the Epic EMR system was developed to identify children admitted with low-risk febrile neutropenia (FN) who should be considered for treatment at home after a brief inpatient stay. We evaluated the accuracy and impact of this BPA and identify areas for improvement. METHODS The low-risk FN BPA was co-designed with key-stakeholders and implemented after a one-month testing phase. Mixed methodology was used to collect and analyse data. The sensitivity and positive predictive value of the BPA was calculated using FN episodes captured in a prospectively collected database. Overall effectiveness was defined as the proportion of alerts resulting in completion of a FN risk assessment flowsheet. RESULTS Over the 12-month period 176 FN episodes were admitted. Overall, the alert had poor sensitivity (58%) and positive predictive value (75%), failing to trigger in 62 (35%) episodes. In the episodes where the alert did trigger, the alert was frequently dismissed by clinicians (76%) and the overall effectiveness was extremely low (3%). Manual review of each FN episode without a BPA identified important design limitations and incorrect workflow assumptions. DISCUSSION Given the poor sensitivity and limited impact on clinician behaviour the low-risk BPA, in its current form, has not been an effective intervention at this site. While work is ongoing to enhance the accuracy of the BPA, alternative EMR workflows are likely required to improve the clinical impact.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ahuva Segal
- Centre for Health Analytics, Melbourne Children's Campus, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Coen Butters
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Corinne Fernandez
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Franz E Babl
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Centre for Health Analytics, Melbourne Children's Campus, Parkville, Australia; Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia; Department of Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lisa M Orme
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia; Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Karin Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria, Australia; Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.
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10
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Yeoh DK, McMullan BJ, Clark JE, Slavin MA, Haeusler GM, Blyth CC. The Challenge of Diagnosing Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Children: A Review of Existing and Emerging Tools. Mycopathologia 2023; 188:731-743. [PMID: 37040020 PMCID: PMC10564821 DOI: 10.1007/s11046-023-00714-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/12/2023]
Abstract
Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis remains a major cause of morbidity and mortality for immunocompromised children, particularly for patients with acute leukaemia and those undergoing haematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Timely diagnosis, using a combination of computed tomography (CT) imaging and microbiological testing, is key to improve prognosis, yet there are inherent challenges in this process. For CT imaging, changes in children are generally less specific than those reported in adults and recent data are limited. Respiratory sampling by either bronchoalveolar lavage or lung biopsy is recommended but is not always feasible in children, and serum biomarkers, including galactomannan, have important limitations. In this review we summarise the current paediatric data on available diagnostic tests for IPA and highlight key emerging diagnostic modalities with potential for future use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Yeoh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia.
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia.
| | - Brendan J McMullan
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Julia E Clark
- Infection Management Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Clinical Medicine, Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
- The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Christopher C Blyth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, 15 Hospital Avenue, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine WA, Nedlands, WA, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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11
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Lehrnbecher T, Robinson PD, Ammann RA, Fisher B, Patel P, Phillips R, Beauchemin MP, Carlesse F, Castagnola E, Davis BL, Elgarten CW, Groll AH, Haeusler GM, Koenig C, Santolaya ME, Tissing WJ, Wolf J, Alexander S, Hu H, Dupuis LL, Sung L. Guideline for the Management of Fever and Neutropenia in Pediatric Patients With Cancer and Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation Recipients: 2023 Update. J Clin Oncol 2023; 41:1774-1785. [PMID: 36689694 PMCID: PMC10022858 DOI: 10.1200/jco.22.02224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To update a clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the empiric management of fever and neutropenia (FN) in pediatric patients with cancer and hematopoietic cell transplantation recipients. METHODS The International Pediatric Fever and Neutropenia Guideline Panel reconvened to conduct the second update of this CPG. We updated the previous systematic review to identify new randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating any strategy for the management of FN in pediatric patients. Using the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation framework, evidence quality was classified as high, moderate, low, or very low. The panel updated recommendations related to initial management, ongoing management, and empiric antifungal therapy. Changes from the 2017 CPG were articulated, and good practice statements were considered. RESULTS We identified 10 new RCTs in addition to the 69 RCTs identified in previous FN CPGs to inform the 2023 FN CPG. Changes from the 2017 CPG included two conditional recommendations regarding (1) discontinuation of empiric antibacterial therapy in clinically well and afebrile patients with low-risk FN if blood cultures remain negative at 48 hours despite no evidence of marrow recovery and (2) pre-emptive antifungal therapy for invasive fungal disease in high-risk patients not receiving antimold prophylaxis. The panel created a good practice statement to initiate FN CPG-consistent empiric antibacterial therapy as soon as possible in clinically unstable febrile patients. CONCLUSION The updated FN CPG incorporates important modifications on the basis of recently published trials. Future work should focus on addressing knowledge gaps, improving CPG implementation, and measuring the impact of CPG-consistent care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lehrnbecher
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | | | - Roland A. Ammann
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Kinderaerzte KurWerk, Burgdorf, Switzerland
| | - Brian Fisher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Priya Patel
- Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Robert Phillips
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa P. Beauchemin
- Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, Columbia University School of Nursing, New York, NY
| | - Fabianne Carlesse
- Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elio Castagnola
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | | | | | - Andreas H. Groll
- Infectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Gabrielle M. Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
- NHMRC National Center for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Christa Koenig
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
- Kinderaerzte KurWerk, Burgdorf, Switzerland
| | - Maria E. Santolaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Dr Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Wim J.E. Tissing
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Joshua Wolf
- Division of Infectious Disease, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN
| | - Sarah Alexander
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Helen Hu
- Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario, Toronto, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - L. Lee Dupuis
- Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
| | - Lillian Sung
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada
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12
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Jackson TJ, Napper R, Haeusler GM, Pizer B, Bate J, Grundy RG, Samarasinghe S, Angelini P, Ball-Gamble A, Phillips B, Morgan JE. Can I go home now? The safety and efficacy of a new UK paediatric febrile neutropenia protocol for risk-stratified early discharge on oral antibiotics. Arch Dis Child 2023; 108:192-197. [PMID: 36600323 PMCID: PMC9985710 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2021-323254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate a new protocol of risk stratification and early discharge for children with febrile neutropenia (FN). DESIGN Prospective service evaluation from 17 April 2020 to 16 April 2021. SETTING 13 specialist centres in the UK. PATIENTS 405 children presenting with FN. INTERVENTION All children received intravenous antibiotics at presentation. Risk stratification was determined using the Australian-UK-Swiss (AUS) rule and eligibility for homecare assessed using criteria including disease, chemotherapy, presenting features and social factors. Those eligible for homecare could be discharged on oral antibiotics after a period of observation proportional to their risk group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Median duration of admission and of intravenous antibiotics, and percentage of patients with positive blood cultures, significant infection, readmission within 7 days of initial presentation, intensive care unit (ICU) admission, death from infection and death from other causes. RESULTS 13 centres contributed 729 initial presentations of 405 patients. AUS rule scores were positively correlated with positive blood cultures, significant infection, ICU admission and death. 20% of children were eligible for homecare with oral antibiotics, of which 55% were low risk (AUS 0-1). 46% low-risk homecare eligible patients were discharged by 24 hours vs 2% homecare ineligible. Homecare readmission rates were 14% overall and 16% for low-risk cases (similar to a meta-analysis of previous studies). No child eligible for homecare was admitted to ICU or died. CONCLUSIONS Use of the AUS rule and homecare criteria allow for safe early outpatient management of children with FN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas John Jackson
- Paediatric Oncology, University College London Hospital, London, UK
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Rachel Napper
- Regional Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Barry Pizer
- Paediatric Oncology, Royal Liverpool Children's Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - Jessica Bate
- Paediatric Oncology, Southampton Children's Hospital, Southampton, UK
| | - Richard G Grundy
- Children's Cancer Leukaemia Group Chair, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Sujith Samarasinghe
- Paediatric Haematology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Paola Angelini
- Children and Young People Unit, Royal Marsden Hospital Sutton, Sutton, UK
| | | | - Bob Phillips
- Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds, UK
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Jessica Elizabeth Morgan
- Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds, UK
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
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13
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Andrew EC, Khaw SL, Hanna D, Conyers R, Fleming J, Hughes D, Toro C, Wang SS, Weerdenburg H, Anderson S, Cole T, Haeusler GM. Density of antibiotic use and infectious complications in pediatric allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. Transpl Infect Dis 2023; 25:e14018. [PMID: 36748726 DOI: 10.1111/tid.14018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antibiotics, while an essential component of supportive care in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT), can have adverse effects and select for antibiotic resistance. Understanding of patterns of use will inform antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) interventions. METHODS Retrospective, single-center cohort of children undergoing first allo-HCT (n = 125). Antibiotic prescription and infection data were included from the date conditioning was commenced until 30 days post allo-HCT. Antibiotic use was reported as length of therapy (LOT) (number of days a patient received an antibiotic) and days of therapy DOT (aggregating all antibiotics prescribed per day). Infections were classified as microbiologically documented infection (MDI) or clinically documented infections. RESULTS At least one course of antibiotics was administered to 124 (99%) patients. The LOT was 636 per 1000 patient days and DOT was 959 per 1000 patient days. The median duration of cumulative antibiotic exposure per patient was 24 days (interquartile range [IQR] 20-30 days). There were 131 days of fever per 1000 patient days with patients febrile for a median of 4 days (IQR 1-7 days). Piperacillin-tazobactam was used for 116 (94%) of patients with an LOT of 532 per 1000 patient days. A total of 119 MDI episodes occurred in 74 (59%) patients, including blood stream infection in 30 (24%) and a proven/probable invasive fungal infection in 4 (3%). CONCLUSION Pediatric HCT patients receive prolonged courses of broad-spectrum antibiotics relative to the frequency of fever and bacterial infections. This study has identified opportunities for AMS intervention to improve outcomes for our HCT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden C Andrew
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Seong Lin Khaw
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Diane Hanna
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Rachel Conyers
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Jacqueline Fleming
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - David Hughes
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Claudia Toro
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Cardiac Regeneration Laboratory, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Stacie Shiqi Wang
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Heather Weerdenburg
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Sally Anderson
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Theresa Cole
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia.,Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria, Australia
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14
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Walker H, Esbenshade AJ, Dale S, Bhatia K, Zhao Z, Babl FE, Conyers R, Haeusler GM. Non-neutropenic fever in children with cancer: Management, outcomes and clinical decision rule validation. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29931. [PMID: 36031722 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Fever and infection are an important complication of childhood cancer therapy. Most research and guideline development has focussed on febrile neutropenia, with a paucity directed at non-neutropenic fever (NNF). We describe the clinical presentation, management and outcomes of NNF in children with cancer, and externally validate the Esbenshade Vanderbilt (EsVan) clinical decision rules (CDR) to predict bacteraemia. METHOD Using a prospective database, retrospective data were collected on consecutive NNF episodes (fever ≥38.0°C and absolute neutrophil count >1.0 cells/mm3 ). Sensitivity, specificity and area under the receiver operator characteristic curve (AUC-ROC) of the CDR were compared to derivation study. RESULTS There were 203 NNF episodes occurring in 125 patients. Severe sepsis was uncommon (n = 2, 1%) and bacteraemia occurred in 10 (4.9%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 2.7%-8.8%) episodes. A confirmed or presumed bacterial infection requiring antibiotics occurred in 31 (15%) patients. Total 202 (99%) episodes received at least one dose of intravenous broad-spectrum antibiotic and 141 (70%) episodes were admitted to hospital. Six (3%) episodes required intensive care unit (ICU)-level care and there were no infection-related deaths. The EsVan 1 rule had an AUC-ROC of 0.67, 80% were identified as low risk, and sensitivity and specificity were 50% and 81.5%, respectively, for a risk threshold of 10%. CONCLUSIONS Serious infection and adverse outcome are uncommon in children with NNF. Many children did not have a bacterial cause of infection identified, but were still treated with broad-spectrum antibiotics and admitted to hospital. National clinical practice guidelines should be developed for this important cohort to enable risk stratification and optimise antibiotic management. Further research is required to determine appropriateness of EsVan CDR in our cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Walker
- The Children's Cancer Centre, The Royal Children's Hospital Parkville, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Adam J Esbenshade
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Centre, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Stephanie Dale
- The Children's Cancer Centre, The Royal Children's Hospital Parkville, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Children's Cancer Centre, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kanika Bhatia
- The Children's Cancer Centre, The Royal Children's Hospital Parkville, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Zhiguo Zhao
- Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Centre, Nashville, Tennessee, USA.,Department of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Centre, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Franz E Babl
- Emergency Department, The Royal Children's Hospital Parkville, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics and Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rachel Conyers
- The Children's Cancer Centre, The Royal Children's Hospital Parkville, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics and Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Cardiac Regeneration, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics and Critical Care, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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15
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Haeusler GM, Lehrnbecher T, Agyeman PKA, Loves R, Castagnola E, Groll AH, van de Wetering M, Aftandilian CC, Phillips B, Chirra KM, Schneider C, Dupuis LL, Sung L. Clostridioides difficile infection in paediatric patients with cancer and haematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Eur J Cancer 2022; 171:1-9. [PMID: 35696884 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2022.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Epidemiology of Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) in paediatric cancer patients is uncertain. The primary objective was to describe the prevalence of CDI outcomes among paediatric patients receiving cancer treatments. Secondary objectives were to describe clinical features of CDI, propose a definition of severe CDI and to determine risk factors for CDI clinical outcomes. METHODS A multi-centre retrospective cohort study that included paediatric patients (1-18 years of age) receiving cancer treatments with CDI. Severe CDI definition was achieved by consensus. Univariable and multivariable regression was conducted to evaluate risk factors for CDI outcomes. RESULTS There were 627 eligible patients who experienced 721 CDI episodes. The prevalence of clinical cure was 82.9%, recurrence was 9.6%, global cure was 75.0% and repeated new CDI episode was 12.8%. The proposed definition of severe CDI was the presence of colitis, pneumatosis intestinalis, pseudomembranous colitis, ileus or surgery for CDI, occurring in 70 (9.7%) episodes. In univariable regression, initial oral metronidazole or initial oral vancomycin were not significantly associated with failure to achieve clinical cure or CDI recurrence. In multiple regression, oral metronidazole was significantly associated with higher odds (odds ratio (OR) 1.7, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.0-2.7) and oral vancomycin was significantly associated with lower odds (OR 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.8) of repeated new episodes. CONCLUSION The prevalence of clinical cure was 82.9% and recurrence was 9.6% in pediatric patients receiving cancer treatments. Severe CDI, as per our proposed definition, occurred in 9.7% episodes. Initial oral vancomycin was significantly associated with a reduction in repeated new CDI episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia; NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia; Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia; Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria, Australia
| | - Thomas Lehrnbecher
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Phillip K A Agyeman
- Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Robyn Loves
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Canada
| | - Elio Castagnola
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Andreas H Groll
- Infectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation and Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | | | - Catherine C Aftandilian
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Palo Alto, CA, USA
| | - Bob Phillips
- Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom; Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna M Chirra
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christine Schneider
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Lee L Dupuis
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Canada; Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, And Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lillian Sung
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Avenue, Toronto, Canada; Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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16
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Tew M, De Abreu Lourenco R, Gordon JR, Thursky KA, Slavin MA, Babl FA, Orme L, Bryant PA, Teh BW, Dalziel K, Haeusler GM. Cost-effectiveness of home-based care of febrile neutropenia in children with cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29469. [PMID: 34854550 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Revised: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Home-based treatment of febrile neutropenia (FN) in children with cancer with oral or intravenous antibiotics is safe and effective. There are limited data on the economic impact of this model of care. We evaluated the cost-effectiveness of implementing an FN programme, incorporating home-based intravenous antibiotics for carefully selected patients, in a tertiary paediatric hospital. METHODS A decision analytic model was constructed to compare costs and outcomes of the home-based FN programme, with usual in-hospital treatment with intravenous antibiotics. The programme included a clinical decision rule to stratify patients by risk for severe infection and home-based eligibility criteria using disease, chemotherapy and patient-level factors. Health outcomes (quality of life) and probabilities of FN risk classification and home-based eligibility were based on prospectively collected data between 2017 and 2019. Patient-level costs were extracted from hospital administrative records. Cost-effectiveness was expressed as the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life year (QALY). FINDINGS The mean health care cost of home-based FN treatment in low-risk patients was Australian dollars (A$) 7765 per patient compared to A$20,396 for in-hospital treatment (mean difference A$12,632 [95% CI: 12,496-12,767]). Overall, the home-based FN programme was the dominant strategy, being more effective (0.0011 QALY [95% CI: 0.0011-0.0012]) and less costly. Results of the model were most sensitive to proportion of children eligible for home-based care programme. CONCLUSION Compared to in-hospital FN care, the home-based FN programme is cost-effective, with savings arising from cheaper cost of caring for children at home. These savings could increase as more patients eligible for home-based care are included in the programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Tew
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Health Services Research, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard De Abreu Lourenco
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Joshua Robert Gordon
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin A Thursky
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Franz A Babl
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Orme
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Penelope A Bryant
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin W Teh
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Dalziel
- Centre for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics and Critical Care, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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17
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Haeusler GM, Garnham AL, Li‐Wai‐Suen CSN, Clark JE, Babl FE, Allaway Z, Slavin MA, Mechinaud F, Smyth GK, Phillips B, Thursky KA, Pellegrini M, Doerflinger M. Blood transcriptomics identifies immune signatures indicative of infectious complications in childhood cancer patients with febrile neutropenia. Clin Transl Immunology 2022; 11:e1383. [PMID: 35602885 PMCID: PMC9113042 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a major cause of treatment disruption and unplanned hospitalization in childhood cancer patients. This study investigated the transcriptome of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in children with cancer and FN to identify potential predictors of serious infection. Methods Whole-genome transcriptional profiling was conducted on PBMCs collected during episodes of FN in children with cancer at presentation to the hospital (Day 1; n = 73) and within 8-24 h (Day 2; n = 28) after admission. Differentially expressed genes as well as gene pathways that correlated with clinical outcomes were defined for different infectious outcomes. Results Global differences in gene expression associated with specific immune responses in children with FN and documented infection, compared to episodes without documented infection, were identified at admission. These differences resolved over the subsequent 8-24 h. Distinct gene signatures specific for bacteraemia were identified both at admission and on Day 2. Differences in gene signatures between episodes with bacteraemia and episodes with bacterial infection, viral infection and clinically defined infection were also observed. Only subtle differences in gene expression profiles between non-bloodstream bacterial and viral infections were identified. Conclusion Blood transcriptome immune profiling analysis during FN episodes may inform monitoring and aid in defining adequate treatment for different infectious aetiologies in children with cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVICAustralia,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in CancerSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia,The Victorian Paediatric Integrated Cancer ServiceVictoria State GovernmentMelbourneVICAustralia,Infection Diseases UnitDepartment of General MedicineRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Alexandra L Garnham
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia,Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Connie SN Li‐Wai‐Suen
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia,Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Julia E Clark
- Queensland Children's HospitalChild Health Research CentreThe University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia
| | - Franz E Babl
- Department of Emergency MedicineRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia,Murdoch Children's Research InstitutePaediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT)MelbourneVICAustralia,Murdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVICAustralia,Department of PaediatricsFaculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Zoe Allaway
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVICAustralia,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in CancerSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVICAustralia,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in CancerSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia,Infection Diseases UnitDepartment of General MedicineRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia,Victorian Infectious Diseases ServiceThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Francoise Mechinaud
- Children's Cancer CentreThe Royal Children's HospitalMelbourneVICAustralia,Unité d'Hématologie Immunologie PédiatriqueHopital Robert DebréAPHP Nord Université de ParisParisFrance
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia,School of Mathematics and StatisticsUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Bob Phillips
- Leeds Children's HospitalLeeds General InfirmaryLeedsUK
| | - Karin A Thursky
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVICAustralia,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in CancerSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia,Department of Infectious DiseasesNational Centre for Antimicrobial StewardshipUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in CancerSir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia,Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia,Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
| | - Marcel Doerflinger
- Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical ResearchParkvilleVICAustralia,Department of Medical BiologyThe University of MelbourneMelbourneVICAustralia
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18
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Teh BW, Yeoh DK, Haeusler GM, Yannakou CK, Fleming S, Lindsay J, Slavin MA. Consensus guidelines for antifungal prophylaxis in haematological malignancy and haemopoietic stem cell transplantation, 2021. Intern Med J 2021; 51 Suppl 7:67-88. [PMID: 34937140 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Antifungal prophylaxis can reduce morbidity and mortality from invasive fungal disease (IFD). However, its use needs to be optimised and appropriately targeted to patients at highest risk to derive the most benefit. In addition to established risks for IFD, considerable recent progress in the treatment of malignancies has resulted in the development of new 'at-risk' groups. The changing epidemiology of IFD and emergence of drug resistance continue to impact choice of prophylaxis, highlighting the importance of active surveillance and knowledge of local epidemiology. These guidelines aim to highlight emerging risk groups and review the evidence and limitations around new formulations of established agents and new antifungal drugs. It provides recommendations around use and choice of antifungal prophylaxis, discusses the potential impact of the changing epidemiology of IFD and emergence of drug resistance, and future directions for risk stratification to assist optimal management of highly vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin W Teh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Daniel K Yeoh
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Costas K Yannakou
- Department of Molecular Oncology and Cancer Immunology, Epworth Freemasons Hospital, Epworth HealthCare, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Shaun Fleming
- Malignant Haematology and Stem Cell Transplantation Service, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julian Lindsay
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Immunocompromised Host Infection Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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19
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Haeusler GM, Ammann RA, Carlesse F, Groll AH, Averbuch D, Castagnola E, Agyeman PK, Phillips B, Gilli F, Solopova G, Attarbaschi A, Wegehaupt O, Speckmann C, Sung L, Lehrnbecher T. SARS-CoV-2 in children with cancer or after haematopoietic stem cell transplant: An analysis of 131 patients. Eur J Cancer 2021; 159:78-86. [PMID: 34736044 PMCID: PMC8501219 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2021.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/15/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are limited data on SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) infection in children with cancer or after haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT). We describe the severity and outcomes of SARS-COV-2 in these patients and identify factors associated with severe disease. METHODS This was a multinational, observational study of children (aged <19 years) with cancer or HSCT and SARS-CoV-2 confirmed by polymerase chain reaction. COVID-19 was classified as asymptomatic, mild, moderate, severe or critical (≥1 organ support). Exact polytomous regression was used to determine the relationship between clinical variables and disease severity. RESULTS One hundred and thirty-one patients with COVID-19 across 10 countries were identified (median age 8 years). Seventy-eight (60%) had leukaemia/lymphoma, 48 (37%) had solid tumour and five had primary immunodeficiency and HSCT. Fever (71%), cough (47%) and coryza (29%) were the most frequent symptoms. The median duration of detectable virus was 16 days (range, 1-79 days). Forty-nine patients (37%) were hospitalised for COVID-19 symptoms, and 15 (11%) required intensive care unit-level care. Chemotherapy was delayed/modified in 35% of patients. COVID-19 was asymptomatic in 32% of patients, mild in 47%, moderate in 8%, severe in 4% and critical in 9%. In 124 patients (95%), a full recovery was documented, and four (3%) died due to COVID-19. Any comorbidity (odds ratio, 2.94; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.81-5.21), any coinfection (1.74; 95% CI 1.03-3.03) and severe baseline neutropenia (1.82; 95% CI 1.13-3.09) were independently and significantly associated with increasing disease severity. CONCLUSION Although most children with cancer had asymptomatic/mild disease, 13% had severe COVID-19 and 3% died. Comorbidity, coinfection and neutropenia may increase the risk of severe disease. Our data may help management decisions in this vulnerable population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M. Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Parkville, Victoria State Government, Australia,Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia,Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia,Corresponding author: Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Rd, Parkville, Australia
| | - Roland A. Ammann
- Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland,Kinderaerzte KurWerk, Burgdorf, Switzerland
| | - Fabianne Carlesse
- Paediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Andreas H. Groll
- Infectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, University Children's Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Dina Averbuch
- Paediatric Infectious Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Hadassah Medical Center, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Elio Castagnola
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Paediatrics, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Philipp K.A. Agyeman
- Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Paediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Bob Phillips
- Leeds Cancer Centre, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom,Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Flávio Gilli
- Department of Paediatric Intensive Care, Centro Infantil Boldrini, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Galina Solopova
- Dmitry Rogachev Federal Scientific-Clinical Center of Children's Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Andishe Attarbaschi
- Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, St. Anna Children's Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Wegehaupt
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Center for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Carsten Speckmann
- Institute for Immunodeficiency, Center for Chronic Immunodeficiency, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany,Center for Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Department of Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Lillian Sung
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Thomas Lehrnbecher
- Paediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
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20
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Yeoh DK, Moore AS, Kotecha RS, Bartlett AW, Ryan AL, Cann MP, McMullan BJ, Thursky K, Slavin M, Blyth CC, Haeusler GM, Clark JE. Invasive fungal disease in children with acute myeloid leukaemia: An Australian multicentre 10-year review. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2021; 68:e29275. [PMID: 34357688 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 07/01/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive fungal disease (IFD) is a common and important complication in children with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). We describe the epidemiology of IFD in a large multicentre cohort of children with AML. METHODS As part of the retrospective multicentre cohort TERIFIC (The Epidemiology and Risk factors for Invasive Fungal Infections in immunocompromised Children) study, proven/probable/possible IFD episodes occurring in children with primary or relapsed/refractory AML from 2003 to 2014 were analysed. Crude IFD prevalence, clinical characteristics, microbiology and treatment were assessed. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was used to estimate 6-month survival. RESULTS There were 66 IFD episodes diagnosed in 63 children with AML. The majority (75.8%) of episodes occurred in the context of primary AML therapy. During primary AML therapy, the overall prevalence was 20.7% (95% CI 15.7%-26.5%) for proven/probable/possible IFD and 10.3% (95% CI 6.7%-15.0%) for proven/probable IFD. Of primary AML patients, 8.2% had IFD diagnosed during the first cycle of chemotherapy. Amongst pathogens implicated in proven/probable IFD episodes, 74.4% were moulds, over a third (37.9%) of which were non-Aspergillus spp. Antifungal prophylaxis preceded 89.4% of IFD episodes, most commonly using fluconazole (50% of IFD episodes). All-cause mortality at 6 months from IFD diagnosis was 16.7% with IFD-related mortality of 7.6% (all in cases of proven IFD). CONCLUSIONS IFD is a common and serious complication during paediatric AML therapy. Mould infections, including non-Aspergillus spp. predominated in this cohort. A systematic approach to the identification of patients at risk, and a targeted prevention strategy for IFD is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel K Yeoh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew S Moore
- Oncology Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Rishi S Kotecha
- Department of Clinical Haematology, Oncology, Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Adam W Bartlett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne L Ryan
- Curtin Medical School, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Megan P Cann
- Infection Management Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Brendan J McMullan
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Karin Thursky
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monica Slavin
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher C Blyth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Nedlands, Western Australia, Australia.,Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria.,The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julia E Clark
- Infection Management Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, Children's Health Queensland Clinical Unit, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
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21
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Crothers A, Haeusler GM, Slavin MA, Babl FE, Mechinaud F, Phillips R, Tapp H, Padhye B, Zeigler D, Clark J, Walwyn T, Super L, Alvaro F, Thursky K, De Abreu Lourenco R. Examining health-related quality of life in pediatric cancer patients with febrile neutropenia: Factors predicting poor recovery in children and their parents. EClinicalMedicine 2021; 40:101095. [PMID: 34746716 PMCID: PMC8548915 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The impact febrile neutropenia (FN) has on the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of children with cancer and their families is poorly understood. We sought to characterize the course of child and parent HRQoL during and following FN episodes. METHOD Data on HRQoL were collected in the multisite Australian Predicting Infectious ComplicatioNs in Children with Cancer (PICNICC) study. Participants were enrolled between November 2016 to January 2018. The Child Health Utility (CHU9D) was used to assess HRQoL in children (N = 167 FN events) and the Assessment of Quality of Life (AQoL-8D) was used to assess HRQoL parents (N = 218 FN events) at three time points: 0-3 days, 7-days and 30-days following the onset of FN. Group-based trajectory modeling (GBTM) was used to characterize the course of HRQoL. FINDINGS For children, three distinct groups were identified: persistently low HRQoL over the 30-day course of follow-up (chronic: N = 78/167; 47%), increasing HRQoL after the onset of FN to 30 days follow-up (recovering: N = 36/167; 22%), and persistently high HRQoL at all three timepoints (resilient: N = 53/167; 32%). Applying these definitions, parents were classified into two distinct groups: chronic (N = 107/218, 49%) and resilient (N = 111/218, 51%). The child being male, having solid cancer, the presence of financial stress, and relationship difficulties between the parent and child were significant predictors of chronic group membership for both parents and children. Children classified as high-risk FN were significantly more likely to belong to the recovery group. Being female, having blood cancers and the absence of financial or relationship difficulties were predictive of both parents and children being in the resilient group. INTERPRETATION Approximately half the children and parents had chronically low HRQoL scores, which did not improve following resolution of the FN episode. The child's sex, cancer type, and presence of financial and relationship stress were predictive of chronic group membership for both parents and children. These families may benefit from increased financial and psychosocial support during anti-cancer treatment. FUNDING National Health and Medical Research Council Grant (APP1104527).
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Crothers
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Australia
- Corresponding author.
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Parkville, Australia
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Franz E Babl
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - Francoise Mechinaud
- Unité d'hématologie immunologie pédiatrique, Hopital Robert Debré, APHP Nord Université de Paris, France
| | - Robert Phillips
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
- Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - Heather Tapp
- Department of Oncology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Bhavna Padhye
- Cancer Centre for Children, Westmead Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - David Zeigler
- Kid's Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Julia Clark
- Infection Management Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Thomas Walwyn
- Department of Oncology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - Leanne Super
- Children's Cancer Centre, Monash Children's Hospital, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Frank Alvaro
- Children's Cancer Department, John Hunter Children's Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Karin Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
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22
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Khanina A, Urbancic KF, Haeusler GM, Kong DCM, Douglas AP, Tio SY, Worth LJ, Slavin MA, Thursky KA. Establishing essential metrics for antifungal stewardship in hospitals: the results of an international Delphi survey. J Antimicrob Chemother 2021; 76:253-262. [PMID: 33057605 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkaa409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Guidance on assessment of the quantity and appropriateness of antifungal prescribing is required to assist hospitals to interpret data effectively and structure quality improvement programmes. OBJECTIVES To achieve expert consensus on a core set of antifungal stewardship (AFS) metrics and to determine their feasibility for implementation. METHODS A literature review was undertaken to develop a list of candidate metrics. International experts were invited to participate in sequential web-based surveys to evaluate the importance and feasibility of metrics in the area of AFS using Delphi methodology. Three surveys were completed. Consensus was predefined as ≥80% agreement on the importance of each metric. RESULTS Eighty-two experts consented to participate from 17 different countries. Response rate for each survey was >80%. The panel included adult and paediatric physicians, microbiologists and pharmacists with diverse content expertise. Consensus was achieved for 38 metrics considered important to routinely include in AFS programmes, and related to antifungal consumption (n = 5), quality of antifungal prescribing and management of invasive fungal infection (IFI) (n = 24), and clinical outcomes (n = 9). Twenty-one consensus metrics were considered to have moderate to high feasibility for routine collection. CONCLUSIONS The identified core AFS metrics will provide a framework to comprehensively assess the quantity and quality of antifungal prescribing within hospitals to develop quality improvement programmes aimed at improving IFI prevention, management and patient-centred outcomes. A standardized approach will support collaboration and benchmarking to monitor the efficacy of current prophylaxis and treatment guidelines, and will provide important feedback to guideline developers.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Khanina
- The National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - K F Urbancic
- The National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,The National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - G M Haeusler
- The National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Paediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Rd, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - D C M Kong
- The National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Centre for Medicine Use and Safety, Monash Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Monash University, 381 Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Ballarat Health Services, 1 Drummond St N, Ballarat Central, Victoria 3350, Australia
| | - A P Douglas
- The National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - S Y Tio
- The National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - L J Worth
- The National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - M A Slavin
- The National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - K A Thursky
- The National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.,The National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan St, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
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23
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Haeusler GM, De Abreu Lourenco R, Bakos C, O'Brien T, Slavin MA, Clark JE, McMullan B, Borland ML, Babl FE, Krishnasamy M, Vanevski M, Thursky KA, Hall L. Managing low-risk febrile neutropenia in children in the time of COVID-19: What matters to parents and clinicians. J Paediatr Child Health 2021; 57:826-834. [PMID: 33533525 PMCID: PMC8013774 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.15330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2020] [Revised: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM The Australian 'There is no place like home' project is implementing a paediatric low-risk febrile neutropenia (FN) programme across eight paediatric hospitals. We sought to identify the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on programme implementation. METHODS Paediatric oncology, infectious diseases and emergency medicine health-care workers and parent/carers were surveyed to explore the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on home-based FN care. Online surveys were distributed nationally to health-care workers involved in care of children with FN and to parents or carers of children with cancer. RESULTS Surveys were completed by 78 health-care workers and 32 parents/carers. Overall, 95% of health-care workers had confidence in the safety of home-based FN care, with 35% reporting changes at their own hospitals in response to the pandemic that made them more comfortable with this model. Compared to pre-pandemic, >50% of parent/carers were now more worried about attending the hospital with their child and >80% were interested in receiving home-based FN care. Among both groups, increased telehealth access and acceptance of home-based care, improved patient quality of life and reduced risk of nosocomial infection were identified as programme enablers, while re-direction of resources due to COVID-19 and challenges in implementing change during a crisis were potential barriers. CONCLUSION There is strong clinician and parent/carer support for home-based management of low-risk FN across Australia. Changes made to the delivery of cancer care in response to the pandemic have generally increased acceptance for home-based treatments and opportunities exist to leverage these to refine the low-risk FN programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,The Paediatric Integrated Cancer ServiceMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General MedicineRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of Infectious DiseasesMurdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Richard De Abreu Lourenco
- Centre for Health Economics Research and EvaluationUniversity of Technology SydneySydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | | | - Tracey O'Brien
- Kids Cancer CentreSydney Children's HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of MedicineUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Julia E Clark
- Infection Management ServiceQueensland Children's Hospital and Centre for Children's Health Research, CHQBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Brendan McMullan
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNew South WalesAustralia,Department of Immunology and Infectious DiseasesSydney Children's HospitalSydneyNew South WalesAustralia
| | - Meredith L Borland
- Department of Emergency MedicinePerth Children's HospitalPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia,Emergency DepartmentPerth Children's HospitalNedlandsPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia,Divisions of Paediatrics and Emergency Medicine, School of MedicineUniversity of Western AustraliaPerthWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Franz E Babl
- Department of Infectious DiseasesMurdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of Emergency MedicineRoyal Children's HospitalMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health SciencesUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Meinir Krishnasamy
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Academic Nursing UnitPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of NursingUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Marijana Vanevski
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of Infectious DiseasesMurdoch Children's Research InstituteMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Karin A Thursky
- Department of Infectious DiseasesPeter MacCallum Cancer CentreMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,Department of MedicineUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,NHMRC National Centre for Antimicrobial StewardshipThe Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and ImmunityMelbourneVictoriaAustralia
| | - Lisa Hall
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneMelbourneVictoriaAustralia,School of Public Health, Faculty of MedicineUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
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24
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Silvester EJ, Watanabe MMY, Pittet LF, Boast A, Bryant PA, Haeusler GM, Daley AJ, Curtis N, Gwee A. Candidemia in Children: A 16-year Longitudinal Epidemiologic Study. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2021; 40:537-543. [PMID: 33591077 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Candida species are the most common cause of systemic fungal infections in children. Risk factors for candidemia vary in different patient populations, posing challenges for clinical prediction of infection. We describe the epidemiology and clinical disease of candidemia in children admitted to a tertiary pediatric hospital. METHODS Retrospective audit of children ≤18 years of age with candidemia at a tertiary pediatric hospital over a 16-year period. RESULTS There were 139 episodes of candidemia in 124 children. A central venous catheter was present in 94% of episodes, prior antibiotic exposure in 86% and parenteral nutrition in 43%. During the study period, the proportion of candidemia due to non-albicans Candida spp. increased primarily due to a rise in C. krusei. Colonization with Candida spp. in the 30 days before developing candidemia was identified in 40% of episodes and the species was concordant in 60%. Infection at other sites was rare, including pulmonary dissemination (9/38, 24%), renal fungal disease (9/114, 8%), fungal endophthalmitis (8/102, 8%) and hepatosplenic nodules (5/92, 5%). Overall, 8/127 (6%) isolates were fluconazole-resistant (7 C. krusei and 1 C. glabrata) and 7/127 (6%) had intermediate susceptibility to fluconazole. The overall 30-day mortality was 12% and significant risk factors for mortality on multivariate analysis were male sex, liver disease and mucositis. CONCLUSIONS Our study outlines low rates of disseminated candidiasis and low mortality associated with candidemia at our institution. Additionally, it suggests that prior colonization may be an important risk factor, however, this should be validated in large prospective controlled studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise J Silvester
- From the Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Melissa M Y Watanabe
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Laure F Pittet
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison Boast
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Penelope A Bryant
- From the Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Hospital-in-the-Home Department, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria, Australia
| | - Andrew J Daley
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Laboratory Services, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Nigel Curtis
- From the Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Amanda Gwee
- From the Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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25
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Doerflinger M, Haeusler GM, Li-Wai-Suen CSN, Clark JE, Slavin M, Babl FE, Allaway Z, Mechinaud F, Smyth GK, De Abreu Lourenco R, Phillips B, Pellegrini M, Thursky KA. Procalcitonin and Interleukin-10 May Assist in Early Prediction of Bacteraemia in Children With Cancer and Febrile Neutropenia. Front Immunol 2021; 12:641879. [PMID: 34093531 PMCID: PMC8173204 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.641879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Febrile neutropenia (FN) causes treatment disruption and unplanned hospitalization in children with cancer. Serum biomarkers are infrequently used to stratify these patients into high or low risk for serious infection. This study investigated plasma abundance of cytokines in children with FN and their ability to predict bacteraemia. Methods Thirty-three plasma cytokines, C-reactive protein (CRP) and procalcitonin (PCT) were measured using ELISA assays in samples taken at FN presentation (n = 79) and within 8–24 h (Day 2; n = 31). Optimal thresholds for prediction of bacteraemia were identified and the predictive ability of biomarkers in addition to routinely available clinical variables was assessed. Results The median age of included FN episodes was 6.0 years and eight (10%) had a bacteraemia. On presentation, elevated PCT, IL-10 and Mip1-beta were significantly associated with bacteraemia, while CRP, IL-6 and IL-8 were not. The combination of PCT (≥0.425 ng/ml) and IL-10 (≥4.37 pg/ml) had a sensitivity of 100% (95% CI 68.8–100%) and specificity of 89% (95% CI 80.0–95.0%) for prediction of bacteraemia, correctly identifying all eight bacteraemia episodes and classifying 16 FN episodes as high-risk. There was limited additive benefit of incorporating clinical variables to this model. On Day 2, there was an 11-fold increase in PCT in episodes with a bacteraemia which was significantly higher than that observed in the non-bacteraemia episodes. Conclusion Elevated PCT and IL-10 accurately identified all bacteraemia episodes in our FN cohort and may enhance the early risk stratification process in this population. Prospective validation and implementation is required to determine the impact on health service utilisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Doerflinger
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Connie S N Li-Wai-Suen
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Julia E Clark
- Queensland Children's Hospital, Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Monica Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Franz E Babl
- Infection and Immunity Theme, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Emergency Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Paediatric Emergency Medicine Centre of Research Excellence, ED Research Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Zoe Allaway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Francoise Mechinaud
- Unité D'hématologie Immunologie Pédiatrique, Hopital Robert Debré, APHP Nord Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Gordon K Smyth
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Richard De Abreu Lourenco
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Bob Phillips
- Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Marc Pellegrini
- Infectious Diseases and Immune Defence Division, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute for Medical Research, Parkville, VIC, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Karin A Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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26
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Morgan JE, Phillips B, Haeusler GM, Chisholm JC. Optimising Antimicrobial Selection and Duration in the Treatment of Febrile Neutropenia in Children. Infect Drug Resist 2021; 14:1283-1293. [PMID: 33833534 PMCID: PMC8019605 DOI: 10.2147/idr.s238567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Febrile neutropenia (FN) is a frequent complication of cancer treatment in children. Owing to the potential for overwhelming bacterial sepsis, the recognition and management of FN requires rapid implementation of evidenced-based management protocols. Treatment paradigms have progressed from hospitalisation with broad spectrum antibiotics for all patients, through to risk adapted approaches to management. Such risk adapted approaches aim to provide safe care through incorporating antimicrobial stewardship (AMS) principles such as implementation of comprehensive clinical pathways incorporating de-escalation strategies with the imperative to reduce hospital stay and antibiotic exposure where possible in order to improve patient experience, reduce costs and diminish the risk of nosocomial infection. This review summarises the principles of risk stratification in FN, the current key considerations for optimising empiric antimicrobial selection including knowledge of antimicrobial resistance patterns and emerging technologies for rapid diagnosis of specific infections and summarises existing evidence on time to treatment, investigations required and duration of treatment. To aid treating physicians we suggest the key features based on current evidence that should be part of any FN management guideline and highlight areas for future research. The focus is on treatment of bacterial infections although fungal and viral infections are also important in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica E Morgan
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK.,Department of Paediatric Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Bob Phillips
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, Heslington, YO10 5DD, UK.,Department of Paediatric Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, LS1 3EX, UK
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3168, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia
| | - Julia C Chisholm
- Royal Marsden Hospital and Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, SM2 5PT, UK
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Haeusler GM, De Abreu Lourenco R, Clark H, Thursky KA, Slavin MA, Babl FE, Mechinaud F, Alvaro F, Clark J, Padhye B, Phillips M, Super L, Tapp H, Walwyn T, Ziegler D, Phillips R, Worth LJ. Diagnostic Yield of Initial and Consecutive Blood Cultures in Children With Cancer and Febrile Neutropenia. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2021; 10:125-130. [PMID: 32267508 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The timing and necessity of repeated blood cultures (BCs) in children with cancer and febrile neutropenia (FN) are unknown. We evaluated the diagnostic yield of BCs collected pre- and post-empiric FN antibiotics. METHODS Data collected prospectively from the Australian Predicting Infectious ComplicatioNs in Children with Cancer (PICNICC) study were used. Diagnostic yield was calculated as the number of FN episodes with a true bloodstream infection (BSI) detected divided by the number of FN episodes that had a BC taken. RESULTS A BSI was identified in 13% of 858 FN episodes. The diagnostic yield of pre-antibiotic BCs was higher than of post-antibiotic cultures (12.3% vs 4.4%, P < .001). Two-thirds of the post-antibiotic BSIs were associated with a new episode of fever or clinical instability, and only 2 new BSIs were identified after 48 hours of empiric antibiotics and persistent fever. A contaminated BC was identified more frequently in post-antibiotic cultures. CONCLUSIONS In the absence of new fever or clinical instability, BCs beyond 48 hours of persistent fever have limited yield. Opportunity exists to optimize BC collection in this population and reduce the burden of unnecessary tests on patients, healthcare workers, and hospitals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council, National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria State Government, Melbourne, Australia.,Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Hannah Clark
- Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria State Government, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karin A Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council, National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,NHMRC, National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council, National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Franz E Babl
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francoise Mechinaud
- Unité d'hématologie immunologie pédiatrique, Hopital Robert Debré, APHP Nord Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Frank Alvaro
- Children's Cancer Department, John Hunter Children's Hospital, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia
| | - Julia Clark
- Infection Management Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Bhavna Padhye
- Kid's Cancer Centre, Westmead Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | - Leanne Super
- Children's Cancer Centre, Monash Children's Hospital, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Heather Tapp
- Department of Oncology, Women's and Children's Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Thomas Walwyn
- Department of Oncology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - David Ziegler
- Kid's Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | - Robert Phillips
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Leon J Worth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council, National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Lehrnbecher T, Fisher BT, Phillips B, Alexander S, Ammann RA, Beauchemin M, Carlesse F, Castagnola E, Davis BL, Dupuis LL, Egan G, Groll AH, Haeusler GM, Santolaya M, Steinbach WJ, van de Wetering M, Wolf J, Cabral S, Robinson PD, Sung L. Guideline for Antibacterial Prophylaxis Administration in Pediatric Cancer and Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation. Clin Infect Dis 2021; 71:226-236. [PMID: 31676904 PMCID: PMC7312235 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciz1082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Bacteremia and other invasive bacterial infections are common among children with cancer receiving intensive chemotherapy and in pediatric recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Systemic antibacterial prophylaxis is one approach that can be used to reduce the risk of these infections. Our purpose was to develop a clinical practice guideline (CPG) for systemic antibacterial prophylaxis administration in pediatric patients with cancer and those undergoing HSCT. Methods An international and multidisciplinary panel was convened with representation from pediatric hematology/oncology and HSCT, pediatric infectious diseases (including antibiotic stewardship), nursing, pharmacy, a patient advocate, and a CPG methodologist. The panel used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation (GRADE) approach to generate recommendations based on the results of a systematic review of the literature. Results The systematic review identified 114 eligible randomized trials of antibiotic prophylaxis. The panel made a weak recommendation for systemic antibacterial prophylaxis for children receiving intensive chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia and relapsed acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Weak recommendations against the routine use of systemic antibacterial prophylaxis were made for children undergoing induction chemotherapy for ALL, autologous HSCT and allogeneic HSCT. A strong recommendation against its routine use was made for children whose therapy is not expected to result in prolonged severe neutropenia. If used, prophylaxis with levofloxacin was recommended during severe neutropenia. Conclusions We present a CPG for systemic antibacterial prophylaxis administration in pediatric cancer and HSCT patients. Future research should evaluate the long-term effectiveness and adverse effects of prophylaxis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lehrnbecher
- Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Brian T Fisher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Bob Phillips
- Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds General Infirmary , Leeds Teaching Hospitals, NHS Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, Leeds West Yorkshire, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Alexander
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roland A Ammann
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Melissa Beauchemin
- Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, Pediatric Oncology, New York, New York, USA
| | - Fabianne Carlesse
- Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elio Castagnola
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | | | - L Lee Dupuis
- Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Grace Egan
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreas H Groll
- Infectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, National Centre for Infections in Cancer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Maria Santolaya
- Department of Pediatrics, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - William J Steinbach
- Duke University Medical Center, Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | | | - Joshua Wolf
- Division of Infectious Diseases, St Jude's Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| | - Sandra Cabral
- Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lillian Sung
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Castagnola E, Bagnasco F, Mesini A, Agyeman PKA, Ammann RA, Carlesse F, Santolaya de Pablo ME, Groll AH, Haeusler GM, Lehrnbecher T, Simon A, D’Amico MR, Duong A, Idelevich EA, Luckowitsch M, Meli M, Menna G, Palmert S, Russo G, Sarno M, Solopova G, Tondo A, Traubici Y, Sung L. Antibiotic Resistant Bloodstream Infections in Pediatric Patients Receiving Chemotherapy or Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant: Factors Associated with Development of Resistance, Intensive Care Admission and Mortality. Antibiotics (Basel) 2021; 10:antibiotics10030266. [PMID: 33807654 PMCID: PMC8000765 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics10030266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Bloodstream infections (BSI) are a severe complication of antineoplastic chemotherapy or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), especially in the presence of antibiotic resistance (AR). A multinational, multicenter retrospective study in patients aged ≤ 18 years, treated with chemotherapy or HSCT from 2015 to 2017 was implemented to analyze AR among non-common skin commensals BSI. Risk factors associated with AR, intensive care unit (ICU) admission and mortality were analyzed by multilevel mixed effects or standard logistic regressions. A total of 1291 BSIs with 1379 strains were reported in 1031 patients. Among Gram-negatives more than 20% were resistant to ceftazidime, cefepime, piperacillin-tazobactam and ciprofloxacin while 9% was resistant to meropenem. Methicillin-resistance was observed in 17% of S. aureus and vancomycin resistance in 40% of E. faecium. Previous exposure to antibiotics, especially to carbapenems, was significantly associated with resistant Gram-negative BSI while previous colonization with methicillin-resistant S. aureus was associated with BSI due to this pathogen. Hematological malignancies, neutropenia and Gram-negatives resistant to >3 antibiotics were significantly associated with higher risk of ICU admission. Underlying disease in relapse/progression, previous exposure to antibiotics, and need of ICU admission were significantly associated with mortality. Center-level variation showed a greater impact on AR, while patient-level variation had more effect on ICU admission and mortality. Previous exposure to antibiotics or colonization by resistant pathogens can be the cause of AR BSI. Resistant Gram-negatives are significantly associated with ICU admission and mortality, with a significant role for the treating center too. The significant evidence of center-level variations on AR, ICU admission and mortality, stress the need for careful local antibiotic stewardship and infection control programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elio Castagnola
- Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Francesca Bagnasco
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Alessio Mesini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Istituto Giannina Gaslini, 16147 Genova, Italy;
| | - Philipp K. A. Agyeman
- Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Roland A. Ammann
- Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, 3010 Bern, Switzerland;
- Kinderaerzte KurWerk, 3400 Burgdorf, Switzerland
| | - Fabianne Carlesse
- Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo 04023-062, Brazil;
| | | | - Andreas H. Groll
- Infectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation and Department of Paediatric Haematology and Oncology, University Children’s Hospital Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;
| | - Gabrielle M. Haeusler
- The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia;
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC 3010, Australia
| | - Thomas Lehrnbecher
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Arne Simon
- Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Children’s Hospital Medical Center, University Clinics, 6642 Homburg, Germany;
| | - Maria Rosaria D’Amico
- Department Hemato-Oncology, AORN Santobono-Pausilipon, 80129 Napoli, Italy; (M.R.D.); (G.M.)
| | - Austin Duong
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (A.D.); (S.P.); (Y.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Evgeny A. Idelevich
- Institute of Medical Microbiology, University Hospital Munster, 48149 Munster, Germany;
| | - Marie Luckowitsch
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, 60323 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; (T.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Mariaclaudia Meli
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Giuseppe Menna
- Department Hemato-Oncology, AORN Santobono-Pausilipon, 80129 Napoli, Italy; (M.R.D.); (G.M.)
| | - Sasha Palmert
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (A.D.); (S.P.); (Y.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Giovanna Russo
- Pediatric Hemato-Oncology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Catania, 95123 Catania, Italy; (M.M.); (G.R.)
| | - Marco Sarno
- Pediatric Unit, Santa Maria Delle Grazie Hospital, ASL Napoli 2 Nord, Pozzuoli, 80027 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Galina Solopova
- Dmitry Rogachev Federal Scientific-Clinical Center of Children’s Hematology, Oncology and Immunology, 117997 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Annalisa Tondo
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Department, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy;
| | - Yona Traubici
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (A.D.); (S.P.); (Y.T.); (L.S.)
| | - Lillian Sung
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research & Learning, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada; (A.D.); (S.P.); (Y.T.); (L.S.)
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Verbruggen LC, Wang Y, Armenian SH, Ehrhardt MJ, van der Pal HJ, van Dalen EC, van As JW, Bardi E, Baust K, Berger C, Castagnola E, Devine KA, Gebauer J, Marchak JG, Glaser AW, Groll AH, Haeusler GM, den Hartogh J, Haupt R, Hjorth L, Kato M, Kepák T, Koopman MM(R, Langer T, Maeda M, Michel G, Muraca M, Nathan PC, van den Oever SR, Pavasovic V, Sato S, Schulte F, Sung L, Tissing W, Uyttebroeck A, Mulder RL, Kuehni C, Skinner R, Hudson MM, Kremer LC. Guidance regarding COVID-19 for survivors of childhood, adolescent, and young adult cancer: A statement from the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2020; 67:e28702. [PMID: 32969160 PMCID: PMC7537044 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.28702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Childhood, adolescent, and young adult (CAYA) cancer survivors may be at risk for a severe course of COVID-19. Little is known about the clinical course of COVID-19 in CAYA cancer survivors, or if additional preventive measures are warranted. We established a working group within the International Late Effects of Childhood Cancer Guideline Harmonization Group (IGHG) to summarize existing evidence and worldwide recommendations regarding evidence about factors/conditions associated with risk for a severe course of COVID-19 in CAYA cancer survivors, and to develop a consensus statement to provide guidance for healthcare practitioners and CAYA cancer survivors regarding COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yuehan Wang
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric OncologyUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Saro H. Armenian
- Department of Population SciencesCity of Hope National Medical CenterDuarteCaliforniaUSA
| | - Matthew J. Ehrhardt
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer ControlSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA,Department of OncologySt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | | | | | | | - Edit Bardi
- St Anna Childrens HospitalViennaAustria,Kepler University ClinicMed Campus IVLinzAustria
| | - Katja Baust
- Department for Pediatric Hematology and OncologyUniversity Hospital BonnBonnGermany
| | - Claire Berger
- Department for Pediatric Hematology and Oncology CHU NordUniversity Hospital Saint‐EtienneSaint‐Priest en JarezFrance,Epidemiology of Childhood and Adolescent Cancers, CRESS, INSERM, UMR 1153Paris Descartes UniversityVillejuifFrance
| | - Elio Castagnola
- Infectious Diseases UnitIRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly
| | - Katie A. Devine
- Rutgers Cancer Institute of New JerseyThe State University of New JerseyNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Judith Gebauer
- Institute for Endocrinology and DiabetesUniversity of LuebeckRatzeburger Allee 160Luebeck23562Germany
| | | | - Adam W. Glaser
- Department of Paediatric Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and Leeds Institute of Medical ResearchUniversity of LeedsLeedsLS2 9JTUK
| | - Andreas H. Groll
- Infectious Disease Research ProgramCenter for Bone Marrow Transplantation and Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology University Children's HospitalMünsterGermany
| | - Gabrielle M. Haeusler
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of OncologyUniversity of MelbourneParkvilleVictoriaAustralia,Department of Infectious DiseasesPeter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Children's HospitalParkvilleVictoriaAustralia,Murdoch Children's Research InstituteParkvilleVictoriaAustralia
| | - Jaap den Hartogh
- Dutch Childhood Cancer Parent Organization VOKK NetherlandsDepartment VOX SurvivorsNieuwegeinthe Netherlands
| | - Riccardo Haupt
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit and DOPO clinic IRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly
| | - Lars Hjorth
- Lund UniversitySkane University Hospital, Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, PediatricsLundSweden
| | - Miho Kato
- Department of Pediatric Hematology/OncologyOkinawa Prefectural Nanbu Medical Center and Children's Medical CenterOkinawaJapan
| | - Tomáš Kepák
- University Hospital Brno and St. Anna University Hospital/ICRCMasaryk UniversityBrnoCzech Republic
| | | | - Thorsten Langer
- University Hospital for Children and AdolescentsPediatric Oncology and HematologyRatzeburger Allee 160Luebeck23562Germany
| | - Miho Maeda
- Department of PediatricsNippon Medical SchoolTokyoJapan
| | - Gisela Michel
- Department of Health Sciences and MedicineUniversity of Lucerne, LucerneSwitzerland
| | - Monica Muraca
- Epidemiology and Biostatistics Unit and DOPO Clinic IRCCS Istituto Giannina GasliniGenovaItaly
| | | | | | - Vesna Pavasovic
- Department of Malignant HaematologyGreat Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS TrustLondonUK
| | - Satomi Sato
- St. Luke's International UniversityTokyoJapan
| | - Fiona Schulte
- Department of Oncology, Division of Psychosocial OncologyUniversity of CalgaryCalgaryABCanada
| | - Lillian Sung
- Division of Haematology/OncologyThe Hospital for Sick ChildrenTorontoCanada
| | - Wim Tissing
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric OncologyUtrechtthe Netherlands,Department of Pediatric OncologyUniversity of Groningen, University Medical Center GroningenGroningenthe Netherlands
| | - Anne Uyttebroeck
- Department of Pediatric Hematology and OncologyUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | - Renée L. Mulder
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric OncologyUtrechtthe Netherlands
| | - Claudia Kuehni
- Childhood Cancer Registry (ChCR), Institute for Social and Preventive MedicineUniversity of BernBernSwitzerland
| | - Roderick Skinner
- Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Haematology/Oncology, Great North Children's Hospital, and Clinical and Translational Research Institute, Newcastle University Centre for CancerNewcastle UniversityNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Melissa M. Hudson
- Department of Epidemiology and Cancer ControlSt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA,Department of OncologySt. Jude Children's Research HospitalMemphisTennesseeUSA
| | - Leontien C.M. Kremer
- Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric OncologyUtrechtthe Netherlands,Amsterdam University Medical Center, Department of PediatricsAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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McMullan BJ, Haeusler GM, Hall L, Cooley L, Stewardson AJ, Blyth CC, Jones CA, Konecny P, Babl FE, Mechinaud F, Thursky K. Aminoglycoside use in paediatric febrile neutropenia - Outcomes from a nationwide prospective cohort study. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238787. [PMID: 32936822 PMCID: PMC7494114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aminoglycosides are commonly prescribed to children with febrile neutropenia (FN) but their impact on clinical outcomes is uncertain and extent of guideline compliance is unknown. We aimed to review aminoglycoside prescription and additional antibiotic prescribing, guideline compliance and outcomes for children with FN. We analysed data from the Australian Predicting Infectious ComplicatioNs in Children with Cancer (PICNICC) prospective multicentre cohort study, in children <18 years with FN between November 2016 and January 2018. Impact of aminoglycoside use in the first 12 hours of FN on composite unfavourable outcome of death, ICU admission, relapse of infection or late-onset sepsis was assessed using multivariable Cox regression. The study was conducted in Australia where antimicrobial resistance among gram negative organisms is relatively low. Data from 858 episodes of FN in 462 children from 8 centres were assessed, median age 5.8 years (IQR 3.5-10.8 years). Early empiric aminoglycosides were prescribed in 255 episodes (29.7%). Guideline non-compliance was common: in 46% (184/400) of eligible episodes, patients did not receive aminoglycosides, while aminoglycosides were prescribed in 9% (39/458) of guideline-ineligible episodes. Adjusted hazard of the composite unfavourable outcome was 3.81 times higher among patients prescribed empiric aminoglycosides than among those who weren't (95% confidence interval, 1.89-7.67), with no increased risk of unfavourable outcome in eligible patients who did not receive aminoglycosides. In a large paediatric FN cohort, aminoglycoside prescription was common and was often non-compliant with guidelines. There was no evidence for improved outcome with aminoglycosides, even in those who met guideline criteria, within a low-resistance setting. Empiric aminoglycoside prescription for children with FN requires urgent review in guidelines and in national practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brendan J. McMullan
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children’s Hospital, Randwick, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- School of Women’s and Children’s Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Gabrielle M. Haeusler
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Infection and Immunity Theme, The Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Hall
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Louise Cooley
- Department of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Hobart, Tasmania, Australia
| | - Andrew J. Stewardson
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The Alfred and Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher C. Blyth
- School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Wesfarmers Centre of Vaccines and Infectious Diseases, Telethon Kids Institute, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, QEII Medical Centre, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Cheryl A. Jones
- Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Sydney Children’s Hospital Network–The Children’s at Westmead, Westmead, NSW, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Pamela Konecny
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Immunology & Sexual Health, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- St George & Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Franz E. Babl
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Emergency Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT), Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Françoise Mechinaud
- Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Hôpital Robert Debré APHP Nord-Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Karin Thursky
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Valentine JC, Worth LJ, Verspoor KM, Hall L, Yeoh DK, Thursky KA, Clark JE, Haeusler GM. Classification performance of administrative coding data for detection of invasive fungal infection in paediatric cancer patients. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0238889. [PMID: 32903280 PMCID: PMC7480858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0238889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive fungal infection (IFI) detection requires application of complex case definitions by trained staff. Administrative coding data (ICD-10-AM) may provide a simplified method for IFI surveillance, but accuracy of case ascertainment in children with cancer is unknown. OBJECTIVE To determine the classification performance of ICD-10-AM codes for detecting IFI using a gold-standard dataset (r-TERIFIC) of confirmed IFIs in paediatric cancer patients at a quaternary referral centre (Royal Children's Hospital) in Victoria, Australia from 1st April 2004 to 31st December 2013. METHODS ICD-10-AM codes denoting IFI in paediatric patients (<18-years) with haematologic or solid tumour malignancies were extracted from the Victorian Admitted Episodes Dataset and linked to the r-TERIFIC dataset. Sensitivity, positive predictive value (PPV) and the F1 scores of the ICD-10-AM codes were calculated. RESULTS Of 1,671 evaluable patients, 113 (6.76%) had confirmed IFI diagnoses according to gold-standard criteria, while 114 (6.82%) cases were identified using the codes. Of the clinical IFI cases, 68 were in receipt of ≥1 ICD-10-AM code(s) for IFI, corresponding to an overall sensitivity, PPV and F1 score of 60%, respectively. Sensitivity was highest for proven IFI (77% [95% CI: 58-90]; F1 = 47%) and invasive candidiasis (83% [95% CI: 61-95]; F1 = 76%) and lowest for other/unspecified IFI (20% [95% CI: 5.05-72%]; F1 = 5.00%). The most frequent misclassification was coding of invasive aspergillosis as invasive candidiasis. CONCLUSION ICD-10-AM codes demonstrate moderate sensitivity and PPV to detect IFI in children with cancer. However, specific subsets of proven IFI and invasive candidiasis (codes B37.x) are more accurately coded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake C. Valentine
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- * E-mail:
| | - Leon J. Worth
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin M. Verspoor
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Computing and Information Systems, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa Hall
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- School of Public Health, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel K. Yeoh
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children’s Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Karin A. Thursky
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julia E. Clark
- Infection Management Service, Queensland Children’s Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M. Haeusler
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Haeusler GM, Gaynor L, Teh B, Babl FE, Orme LM, Segal A, Mechinaud F, Bryant PA, Phillips B, Lourenco RDA, Slavin MA, Thursky KA. Home-based care of low-risk febrile neutropenia in children-an implementation study in a tertiary paediatric hospital. Support Care Cancer 2020; 29:1609-1617. [PMID: 32740894 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-020-05654-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Home-based management of low-risk febrile neutropenia (FN) is safe, improves quality of life and reduces healthcare expenditure. A formal low-risk paediatric program has not been implemented in Australia. We aimed to describe the implementation process and evaluate the clinical impact. METHOD This prospective study incorporated three phases: implementation, intervention and evaluation. A low-risk FN implementation toolkit was developed, including a care-pathway, patient information, home-based assessment and educational resources. The program had executive-level endorsement, a multidisciplinary committee and a nurse specialist. Children with cancer and low-risk FN were eligible to be transferred home with a nurse visiting daily after an overnight period of observation for intravenous antibiotics. Low-risk patients were identified using a validated decision rule, and suitability for home-based care was determined using disease, chemotherapy and patient-level criteria. Plan-Do-Study-Act methodology was used to evaluate clinical impact and safety. RESULTS Over 18 months, 292 children with FN were screened: 132 (45%) were low-risk and 63 (22%) were transferred to home-based care. Compared with pre-implementation there was a significant reduction in in-hospital median LOS (4.0 to 1.5 days, p < 0.001) and 291 in-hospital bed days were saved. Eight (13%) patients needed readmission and there were no adverse outcomes. A key barrier was timely screening of all patients and program improvements, including utilising the electronic medical record for patient identification, are planned. CONCLUSION This program significantly reduces in-hospital LOS for children with low-risk FN. Ongoing evaluation will inform sustainability, identify areas for improvement and support national scale-up of the program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. .,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia. .,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Lynda Gaynor
- The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Hospital In The Home Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin Teh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Franz E Babl
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Lisa M Orme
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ahuva Segal
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Francoise Mechinaud
- Unité d'hématologie immunologie pédiatrique, Hopital Robert Debré, APHP Nord Université de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Penelope A Bryant
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Hospital In The Home Department, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Bob Phillips
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK
| | - Richard De Abreu Lourenco
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin A Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Haeusler GM, Phillips R, Slavin MA, Babl FE, De Abreu Lourenco R, Mechinaud F, Thursky KA. Re-evaluating and recalibrating predictors of bacterial infection in children with cancer and febrile neutropenia. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 23:100394. [PMID: 32637894 PMCID: PMC7329706 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2020.100394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Numerous paediatric febrile neutropenia (FN) clinical decision rules (CDRs) have been derived. Validation studies show reduced performance in external settings. We evaluated the association between variables common across published FN CDRs and bacterial infection and recalibrated existing CDRs using these data. METHODS Prospective data from the Australian-PICNICC study which enrolled 858 FN episodes in children with cancer were used. Variables shown to be significant predictors of infection or adverse outcome in >1 CDR were analysed using multivariable logistic regression. Recalibration included re-evaluation of beta-coefficients (logistic model) or recursive-partition analysis (tree-based models). FINDINGS Twenty-five unique variables were identified across 17 FN CDRs. Fourteen were included in >1 CDR and 10 were analysed in our dataset. On univariate analysis, location, temperature, hypotension, rigors, severely unwell and decreasing platelets, white cell count, neutrophil count and monocyte count were significantly associated with bacterial infection. On multivariable analysis, decreasing platelets, increasing temperature and the appearance of being clinically unwell remained significantly associated. Five rules were recalibrated. Across all rules, recalibration increased the AUC-ROC and low-risk yield as compared to non-recalibrated data. For the SPOG-adverse event CDR, recalibration also increased sensitivity and specificity and external validation showed reproducibility. INTERPRETATION Degree of marrow suppression (low platelets), features of inflammation (temperature) and clinical judgement (severely unwell) have been consistently shown to predict infection in children with FN. Recalibration of existing CDRs is a novel way to improve diagnostic performance of CDRs and maintain relevance over time. FUNDING National Health and Medical Research Council Grant (APP1104527).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Parkville, Victoria State Government, Australia
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Corresponding author: Dr Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Australia, 3000, P: +61 3 9656 5853 F: +61 3 9656 1185.
| | - Robert Phillips
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Monica A. Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Franz E Babl
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard De Abreu Lourenco
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Broadway, Australia
| | - Francoise Mechinaud
- Unité d'hématologie immunologie pédiatrique, Hopital Robert Debré, APHP Nord Université de Paris, France
| | - Karin A. Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Australia
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Lehrnbecher T, Fisher BT, Phillips B, Beauchemin M, Carlesse F, Castagnola E, Duong N, Dupuis LL, Fioravantti V, Groll AH, Haeusler GM, Roilides E, Science M, Steinbach WJ, Tissing W, Warris A, Patel P, Robinson PD, Sung L. Clinical Practice Guideline for Systemic Antifungal Prophylaxis in Pediatric Patients With Cancer and Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation Recipients. J Clin Oncol 2020; 38:3205-3216. [PMID: 32459599 PMCID: PMC7499615 DOI: 10.1200/jco.20.00158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a clinical practice guideline for systemic antifungal prophylaxis in pediatric patients with cancer and hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) recipients. METHODS Recommendations were developed by an international multidisciplinary panel that included a patient advocate. We conducted a systematic review of systemic antifungal prophylaxis in children and adults with cancer and HSCT recipients. The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach was used to make strong or weak recommendations and to classify level of evidence as high, moderate, low, or very low. The panel considered directness of the data to pediatric patients. RESULTS There were 68 randomized trials included in the systematic review, of which 6 (9%) were conducted in a solely pediatric population. Strong recommendations were made to administer systemic antifungal prophylaxis to children and adolescents receiving treatment of acute myeloid leukemia, to those undergoing allogeneic HSCT pre-engraftment, and to those receiving systemic immunosuppression for graft-versus-host disease treatment. A strong recommendation was made to administer a mold-active agent with an echinocandin or a mold-active azole when systemic antifungal prophylaxis is warranted. For children younger than 13 years of age, an echinocandin, voriconazole, or itraconazole is suggested. Posaconazole may also be used in those age 13 years or older. A strong recommendation against routine administration of amphotericin as systemic antifungal prophylaxis was made. CONCLUSION We developed a clinical practice guideline for systemic antifungal prophylaxis administration in pediatric patients with cancer and HSCT recipients. Implementation and assessment of guideline-concordant rates and impacts are important future steps.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lehrnbecher
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, University Hospital, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Brian T Fisher
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Bob Phillips
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Leeds Teaching Hospital, National Health Service Trust, Leeds, United Kingdom.,Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Beauchemin
- Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, Pediatric Oncology, New York, NY
| | - Fabianne Carlesse
- Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Elio Castagnola
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of Pediatrics, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy
| | - Nathan Duong
- Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - L Lee Dupuis
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, and Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Vicky Fioravantti
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Andreas H Groll
- Infectious Disease Research Program, Center for Bone Marrow Transplantation, Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, and National Health and Medical Research Council, National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Emmanuel Roilides
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Third Department of Pediatrics, Aristotle, University School of Health Sciences, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Michelle Science
- Division of Infectious Diseases, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - William J Steinbach
- Division of Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC
| | - Wim Tissing
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Princess Maxima Centre, Utrecht, and Department of Pediatric Oncology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Adilia Warris
- Medical Research Council Center for Medical Mycology, University of Exeter, Exeter, and Great Ormond Street Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - Priya Patel
- Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Lillian Sung
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, Research Institute, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Weinkove R, McQuilten ZK, Adler J, Agar MR, Blyth E, Cheng AC, Conyers R, Haeusler GM, Hardie C, Jackson C, Lane SW, Middlemiss T, Mollee P, Mulligan SP, Ritchie D, Ruka M, Solomon B, Szer J, Thursky KA, Wood EM, Worth LJ, Yong MK, Slavin MA, Teh BW. Managing haematology and oncology patients during the COVID-19 pandemic: interim consensus guidance. Med J Aust 2020; 212:481-489. [PMID: 32401360 PMCID: PMC7273031 DOI: 10.5694/mja2.50607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Introduction A pandemic coronavirus, SARS‐CoV‐2, causes COVID‐19, a potentially life‐threatening respiratory disease. Patients with cancer may have compromised immunity due to their malignancy and/or treatment, and may be at elevated risk of severe COVID‐19. Community transmission of COVID‐19 could overwhelm health care services, compromising delivery of cancer care. This interim consensus guidance provides advice for clinicians managing patients with cancer during the pandemic. Main recommendations During the COVID‐19 pandemic: In patients with cancer with fever and/or respiratory symptoms, consider causes in addition to COVID‐19, including other infections and therapy‐related pneumonitis. For suspected or confirmed COVID‐19, discuss temporary cessation of cancer therapy with a relevant specialist. Provide information on COVID‐19 for patients and carers. Adopt measures within cancer centres to reduce risk of nosocomial SARS‐CoV‐2 acquisition; support population‐wide social distancing; reduce demand on acute services; ensure adequate staffing; and provide culturally safe care. Measures should be equitable, transparent and proportionate to the COVID‐19 threat. Consider the risks and benefits of modifying cancer therapies due to COVID‐19. Communicate treatment modifications, and review once health service capacity allows. Consider potential impacts of COVID‐19 on the blood supply and availability of stem cell donors. Discuss and document goals of care, and involve palliative care services in contingency planning.
Changes in management as a result of this statement This interim consensus guidance provides a framework for clinicians managing patients with cancer during the COVID‐19 pandemic. In view of the rapidly changing situation, clinicians must also monitor national, state, local and institutional policies, which will take precedence. Endorsed by Australasian Leukaemia and Lymphoma Group; Australasian Lung Cancer Trials Group; Australian and New Zealand Children's Haematology/Oncology Group; Australia and New Zealand Society of Palliative Medicine; Australasian Society for Infectious Diseases; Bone Marrow Transplantation Society of Australia and New Zealand; Cancer Council Australia; Cancer Nurses Society of Australia; Cancer Society of New Zealand; Clinical Oncology Society of Australia; Haematology Society of Australia and New Zealand; National Centre for Infections in Cancer; New Zealand Cancer Control Agency; New Zealand Society for Oncology; and Palliative Care Australia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Weinkove
- Wellington Blood and Cancer Centre, Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, NZ.,Malaghan Institute of Medical Research, Wellington, NZ
| | - Zoe K McQuilten
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC.,Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Jonathan Adler
- Wellington Regional Hospital, Capital and Coast District Health Board, Wellington, NZ
| | - Meera R Agar
- Improving Palliative, Aged and Chronic Care through Clinical Research and Translation, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW
| | - Emily Blyth
- Westmead Hospital, Sydney, NSW.,Westmead Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW
| | | | - Rachel Conyers
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC.,Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC.,Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Claire Hardie
- MidCentral District Health Board, Palmerston North, NZ
| | - Christopher Jackson
- Cancer Society of New Zealand, Wellington, NZ.,University of Otago, Dunedin, NZ
| | | | | | - Peter Mollee
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, QLD.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD
| | | | | | - Myra Ruka
- Waikato District Health Board, Hamilton, NZ.,University of Auckland, Auckland, NZ
| | | | - Jeffrey Szer
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC.,Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Karin A Thursky
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Erica M Wood
- Monash University, Melbourne, VIC.,Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Leon J Worth
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Michelle K Yong
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
| | - Benjamin W Teh
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC
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Phillips B, Morgan JE, Haeusler GM, Riley RD. Individual participant data validation of the PICNICC prediction model for febrile neutropenia. Arch Dis Child 2020; 105:439-445. [PMID: 31690548 PMCID: PMC7212933 DOI: 10.1136/archdischild-2019-317308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Risk-stratified approaches to managing cancer therapies and their consequent complications rely on accurate predictions to work effectively. The risk-stratified management of fever with neutropenia is one such very common area of management in paediatric practice. Such rules are frequently produced and promoted without adequate confirmation of their accuracy. METHODS An individual participant data meta-analytic validation of the 'Predicting Infectious ComplicatioNs In Children with Cancer' (PICNICC) prediction model for microbiologically documented infection in paediatric fever with neutropenia was undertaken. Pooled estimates were produced using random-effects meta-analysis of the area under the curve-receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC-ROC), calibration slope and ratios of expected versus observed cases (E/O). RESULTS The PICNICC model was poorly predictive of microbiologically documented infection (MDI) in these validation cohorts. The pooled AUC-ROC was 0.59, 95% CI 0.41 to 0.78, tau2=0, compared with derivation value of 0.72, 95% CI 0.71 to 0.76. There was poor discrimination (pooled slope estimate 0.03, 95% CI -0.19 to 0.26) and calibration in the large (pooled E/O ratio 1.48, 95% CI 0.87 to 2.1). Three different simple recalibration approaches failed to improve performance meaningfully. CONCLUSION This meta-analysis shows the PICNICC model should not be used at admission to predict MDI. Further work should focus on validating alternative prediction models. Validation across multiple cohorts from diverse locations is essential before widespread clinical adoption of such rules to avoid overtreating or undertreating children with fever with neutropenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bob Phillips
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK .,Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Jessica Elizabeth Morgan
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, UK,Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Infectious Diseases and Infection Control, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard D Riley
- Research Institute for Primary Care and Health Sciences, Keele University, Keele, UK
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Haeusler GM, Thursky KA, Slavin MA, Babl FE, De Abreu Lourenco R, Allaway Z, Mechinaud F, Phillips R. Risk stratification in children with cancer and febrile neutropenia: A national, prospective, multicentre validation of nine clinical decision rules. EClinicalMedicine 2020; 18:100220. [PMID: 31993576 PMCID: PMC6978200 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2019.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 11/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Reduced intensity treatment of low-risk febrile neutropenia (FN) in children with cancer is safe and improves quality of life. Identifying children with low-risk FN using a validated risk stratification strategy is recommended. This study prospectively validated nine FN clinical decision rules (CDRs) designed to predict infection or adverse outcome. METHODS Data were collected on consecutive FN episodes in this multicentre, prospective validation study. The reproducibility and discriminatory ability of each CDR in the validation cohort was compared to the derivation dataset and details of missed outcomes were reported. FINDINGS There were 858 FN episodes in 462 patients from eight hospitals included. Bacteraemia occurred in 111 (12·9%) and a non-bacteraemia microbiological documented infection in 185 (21·6%). Eight CDRs exhibited reproducibility and sensitivity ranged from 64% to 96%. Rules that had >85% sensitivity in predicting outcomes classified few patients (<20%) as low risk. For three CDRs predicting a composite outcome of any bacterial or viral infection, the sensitivity and discriminatory ability improved for prediction of bacterial infection alone. Across all CDRs designed to be implemented at FN presentation, the sensitivity improved at day 2 assessment. INTERPRETATION While reproducibility was observed in eight out of the nine CDRs, no rule perfectly differentiated between children with FN at high or low risk of infection. This is in keeping with other validation studies and highlights the need for additional safeguards against missed infections or adverse outcomes before implementation can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M. Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- The Victorian Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria State Government, Melbourne, Australia
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Corresponding author at: Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne 3000, Australia.
| | - Karin A. Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monica A. Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Infection Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Franz E. Babl
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Paediatric Research in Emergency Departments International Collaborative (PREDICT)
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Richard De Abreu Lourenco
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Zoe Allaway
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Children's Cancer Centre, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francoise Mechinaud
- Children's Cancer Centre, The Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Unité d'hématologie immunologie pédiatrique, Hopital Robert Debré, APHP Nord Université de Paris, France
| | - Robert Phillips
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
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Wang SS, Kotecha RS, Bernard A, Blyth CC, McMullan BJ, Cann MP, Yeoh DK, Bartlett AW, Ryan AL, Moore AS, Bryant PA, Clark J, Haeusler GM. Invasive fungal infections in children with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: Results from four Australian centres, 2003-2013. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27915. [PMID: 31309711 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Invasive fungal infections (IFI) are an important complication of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) treatment. Our study describes the prevalence and outcomes of IFI in children with ALL. METHODS IFI episodes in children with primary or relapsed ALL, identified for The Epidemiology and Risk Factors for Invasive Fungal Infections in Immunocompromised Children study, were analysed. IFI were classified according to European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer/Invasive Fungal Infections Cooperative Group criteria with a 'modified-possible' category included. RESULTS A total of 123 IFI episodes in 119 patients with ALL were included. A proven, probable, possible and modified-possible IFI was diagnosed in 56 (45.5%), 22 (17.9%), 39 (31.7%) and six (4.9%) episodes, respectively. The prevalence was 9.7% (95% confidence interval [CI] 8-11.4%) overall and 23.5% (95% CI 14.5-32.5%) for relapsed/refractory ALL. For non-relapsed ALL, the IFI prevalence was significantly higher for children with high-risk compared to standard-risk ALL (14.5% vs 7.3%, P = .009), and IFI were more common during induction, consolidation and delayed intensification phases. Mould infections occurred more frequently than non-mould infections. Thirteen children (10.9%) died within 6 months of IFI diagnosis with five deaths (4.2%) attributable to an IFI. CONCLUSIONS IFI is more common in children with high-risk ALL and in relapsed disease. Overall survival was encouraging, with IFI contributing to very few deaths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stacie S Wang
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Rishi S Kotecha
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Cancer Centre, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Pharmacy and Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anne Bernard
- QFAB Bioinformatics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Christopher C Blyth
- School of Medicine and Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brendan J McMullan
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Megan P Cann
- Infection Management Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Daniel K Yeoh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Adam W Bartlett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Biostatistics and Databases Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Anne L Ryan
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Perth Children's Hospital, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Andrew S Moore
- Oncology Services Group, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Diamantina Institute & Child Health Research Centre, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Penelope A Bryant
- Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Clinical Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julia Clark
- Infection Management Service, Queensland Children's Hospital, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,School of Clinical Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.,Centre for Children's Health Research, Children's Health Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Clinical Paediatrics, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Victorian Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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40
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Allaway Z, Phillips RS, Thursky KA, Haeusler GM. Nonneutropenic fever in children with cancer: A scoping review of management and outcome. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27634. [PMID: 30724005 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To date, very few studies have addressed nonneutropenic fever (NNF) in children with cancer, and there are no consensus guidelines. This scoping review aims to describe the rate of bacteremia, risk factors for infection and management, and outcomes of NNF in this population. Across 15 studies (n = 4106 episodes), the pooled-average bacteremia rate was 8.2%, and risk factors included tunneled external central venous catheter, clinical instability, and higher temperature. In two studies, antibiotics were successfully withheld in a subset of low-risk patients. Overall outcomes of NNF appear favorable; however, further research is required to determine its true clinical and economic impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoe Allaway
- The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Robert S Phillips
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, Heslington, York, UK.,Leeds Children's Hospital, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - Karin A Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Department of General Paediatrics, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Bartlett AW, Cann MP, Yeoh DK, Bernard A, Ryan AL, Blyth CC, Kotecha RS, McMullan BJ, Moore AS, Haeusler GM, Clark JE. Epidemiology of invasive fungal infections in immunocompromised children; an Australian national 10-year review. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27564. [PMID: 30511385 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A thorough understanding of local and contemporary invasive fungal infection (IFI) epidemiology in immunocompromised children is required to provide a rationale for targeted prevention and treatment strategies. METHODS Retrospective data over 10 years from four tertiary pediatric oncology and hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) units across Australia were analyzed to report demographic, clinical, and mycological characteristics of IFI episodes, and crude IFI prevalence in select oncology/HSCT groups. Kaplan-Meier survival analyses were used to calculate 180-day overall survival. RESULTS A total of 337 IFI episodes occurred in 320 children, of which 149 (44.2%), 51 (15.1%), and 110 (32.6%) met a modified European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer (mEORTC) criteria for proven, probable, and possible IFI, respectively. There were a further 27 (8.0%) that met a "modified possible IFI" criteria. Median age at IFI diagnosis was 8.4 years. Crude mEORTC IFI prevalence in acute lymphoblastic leukemia, acute myeloid leukemia, solid tumor, and allogeneic HSCT cohorts was 10.6%, 28.2%, 4.4%, and 11.7%, respectively. Non-Aspergillus species represented 48/102 (47.1%) molds identified, and non-albicans Candida represented 66/93 (71.0%) yeasts identified. There were 56 deaths among 297 children who met mEORTC criteria, with 180-day overall survival for proven, probable, and possible IFIs of 79.7%, 76.2%, and 84.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION Non-Aspergillus molds and non-albicans Candida contributed substantially to pediatric IFI in our study, with high IFI prevalence in leukemia and allogeneic HSCT cohorts. Inclusion of IFIs outside of European Organization for Research and Treatment of Cancer criteria revealed an IFI burden that would go otherwise unrecognized in published reports.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam W Bartlett
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia.,Biostatistics and Databases Program, Kirby Institute, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Megan P Cann
- Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia
| | - Daniel K Yeoh
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Anne Bernard
- QFAB Bioinformatics, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Anne L Ryan
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Christopher C Blyth
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Department of Microbiology, PathWest Laboratory Medicine, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Rishi S Kotecha
- Department of Haematology and Oncology, Princess Margaret Hospital for Children, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Brendan J McMullan
- Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, NSW, Australia.,School of Women's and Children's Health, UNSW, Sydney, Australia
| | - Andrew S Moore
- Department of Oncology, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia.,Infection Management Service, Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, Queensland
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Parkville, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infection and Immunity, Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia.,Monash University, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Julia E Clark
- Lady Cilento Children's Hospital, Children's Health Queensland, South Brisbane, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
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Hiong A, Thursky KA, Venn G, Teh BW, Haeusler GM, Crane M, Slavin MA, Worth LJ. Impact of a hospital-wide sepsis pathway on improved quality of care and clinical outcomes in surgical patients at a comprehensive cancer centre. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2019; 28:e13018. [PMID: 30761632 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2018] [Accepted: 12/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Sepsis is a significant complication following cancer surgery. Although standardised care bundles improve sepsis outcomes in other populations, the benefits in cancer patients are unclear. The objectives of this study were to describe the epidemiology of sepsis in cancer patients post-surgery, and to evaluate the impact of a clinical sepsis pathway on management and clinical outcomes. METHODS A standardised hospital-wide sepsis pathway was developed in 2013, and all cases of sepsis at the Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre in 2014 were retrospectively evaluated. Inclusion criteria were sepsis onset during the 100-day period following a surgical procedure for cancer diagnosis. Patients were identified using ICD-10-AM sepsis discharge codes, audit documentation and the hospital's antimicrobial approval system. Sepsis episodes were classified as managed on- or off-pathway. RESULTS A total of 119 sepsis episodes were identified. Of these, 71 (59.7%) were managed on the sepsis pathway. Episodes managed on-pathway resulted more frequently in administration of appropriate antibiotics compared to those off-pathway (94.4% vs. 66.7%, p < 0.001), and had shorter time to first-dose antibiotics (median 85 vs. 315 min, p < 0.001). Pathway utilisation was associated with significant reductions in need for inotropes (7% vs. 13%, p = 0.023), ventilation (3% vs. 10%, p = 0.006) and length of hospitalisation (median 15 vs. 30 days, p = 0.008). The most frequent source of infection was organ-space surgical site infection (24.4% of instances). CONCLUSIONS A dedicated hospital-wide sepsis pathway had significant impact on the quality of care and clinical outcomes of sepsis in cancer surgery patients. Cost-benefit analysis of sepsis pathways for cancer patients is required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Hiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin A Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, National Centre for Infections in Cancer, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence, National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgina Venn
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin W Teh
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, National Centre for Infections in Cancer, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, National Centre for Infections in Cancer, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Megan Crane
- The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, National Centre for Infections in Cancer, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, National Centre for Infections in Cancer, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leon J Worth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, National Centre for Infections in Cancer, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre for Research Excellence, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Healthcare Associated Infection Surveillance System (VICNISS), Doherty Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Diorio C, Robinson PD, Ammann RA, Castagnola E, Erickson K, Esbenshade A, Fisher BT, Haeusler GM, Kuczynski S, Lehrnbecher T, Phillips R, Cabral S, Dupuis LL, Sung L. Guideline for the Management of Clostridium Difficile Infection in Children and Adolescents With Cancer and Pediatric Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation Recipients. J Clin Oncol 2018; 36:3162-3171. [PMID: 30216124 PMCID: PMC6209092 DOI: 10.1200/jco.18.00407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this work was to develop a clinical practice guideline for the prevention and treatment of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in children and adolescents with cancer and pediatric hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation (HSCT) patients. METHODS An international multidisciplinary panel of experts in pediatric oncology and infectious diseases with patient advocate representation was convened. We performed systematic reviews of randomized controlled trials for the prevention or treatment of CDI in any population and considered the directness of the evidence to children with cancer and pediatric HSCT patients. We used the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development, and Evaluation approach to generate recommendations. RESULTS The panel made strong recommendations to administer either oral metronidazole or oral vancomycin for the initial treatment of nonsevere CDI and oral vancomycin for the initial treatment of severe CDI. Fidaxomicin may be considered in the setting of recurrent CDI. The panel suggested that probiotics not be routinely used for the prevention of CDI, and that monoclonal antibodies and probiotics not be routinely used for the treatment of CDI. A strong recommendation to not use fecal microbiota transplantation was made in this population. We identified key knowledge gaps and suggested directions for future research. CONCLUSION We present a guideline for the prevention and treatment of CDI in children and adolescents with cancer and pediatric HSCT patients. Future research should include randomized controlled trials that involve children with cancer and pediatric HSCT patients to improve the management of CDI in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Diorio
- Caroline Diorio, Paula D. Robinson, and Sandra Cabral, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Caroline Diorio, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children; L. Lee Dupuis, University of Toronto, Toronto; Caroline Diorio, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton; Susan Kuczynski, Ontario Parents Advocating for Children with Cancer, Barrie, Ontario, Canada; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Kelley Erickson and Brian T. Fisher, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Esbenshade, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Centre, Nashville, TN; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria, Australia; Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, National Health Service Trust, Leeds; and Robert Phillips, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Paula D. Robinson
- Caroline Diorio, Paula D. Robinson, and Sandra Cabral, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Caroline Diorio, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children; L. Lee Dupuis, University of Toronto, Toronto; Caroline Diorio, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton; Susan Kuczynski, Ontario Parents Advocating for Children with Cancer, Barrie, Ontario, Canada; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Kelley Erickson and Brian T. Fisher, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Esbenshade, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Centre, Nashville, TN; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria, Australia; Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, National Health Service Trust, Leeds; and Robert Phillips, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Roland A. Ammann
- Caroline Diorio, Paula D. Robinson, and Sandra Cabral, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Caroline Diorio, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children; L. Lee Dupuis, University of Toronto, Toronto; Caroline Diorio, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton; Susan Kuczynski, Ontario Parents Advocating for Children with Cancer, Barrie, Ontario, Canada; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Kelley Erickson and Brian T. Fisher, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Esbenshade, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Centre, Nashville, TN; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria, Australia; Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, National Health Service Trust, Leeds; and Robert Phillips, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Elio Castagnola
- Caroline Diorio, Paula D. Robinson, and Sandra Cabral, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Caroline Diorio, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children; L. Lee Dupuis, University of Toronto, Toronto; Caroline Diorio, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton; Susan Kuczynski, Ontario Parents Advocating for Children with Cancer, Barrie, Ontario, Canada; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Kelley Erickson and Brian T. Fisher, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Esbenshade, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Centre, Nashville, TN; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria, Australia; Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, National Health Service Trust, Leeds; and Robert Phillips, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Kelley Erickson
- Caroline Diorio, Paula D. Robinson, and Sandra Cabral, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Caroline Diorio, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children; L. Lee Dupuis, University of Toronto, Toronto; Caroline Diorio, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton; Susan Kuczynski, Ontario Parents Advocating for Children with Cancer, Barrie, Ontario, Canada; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Kelley Erickson and Brian T. Fisher, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Esbenshade, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Centre, Nashville, TN; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria, Australia; Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, National Health Service Trust, Leeds; and Robert Phillips, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Esbenshade
- Caroline Diorio, Paula D. Robinson, and Sandra Cabral, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Caroline Diorio, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children; L. Lee Dupuis, University of Toronto, Toronto; Caroline Diorio, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton; Susan Kuczynski, Ontario Parents Advocating for Children with Cancer, Barrie, Ontario, Canada; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Kelley Erickson and Brian T. Fisher, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Esbenshade, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Centre, Nashville, TN; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria, Australia; Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, National Health Service Trust, Leeds; and Robert Phillips, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Brian T. Fisher
- Caroline Diorio, Paula D. Robinson, and Sandra Cabral, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Caroline Diorio, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children; L. Lee Dupuis, University of Toronto, Toronto; Caroline Diorio, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton; Susan Kuczynski, Ontario Parents Advocating for Children with Cancer, Barrie, Ontario, Canada; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Kelley Erickson and Brian T. Fisher, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Esbenshade, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Centre, Nashville, TN; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria, Australia; Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, National Health Service Trust, Leeds; and Robert Phillips, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Gabrielle M. Haeusler
- Caroline Diorio, Paula D. Robinson, and Sandra Cabral, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Caroline Diorio, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children; L. Lee Dupuis, University of Toronto, Toronto; Caroline Diorio, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton; Susan Kuczynski, Ontario Parents Advocating for Children with Cancer, Barrie, Ontario, Canada; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Kelley Erickson and Brian T. Fisher, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Esbenshade, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Centre, Nashville, TN; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria, Australia; Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, National Health Service Trust, Leeds; and Robert Phillips, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Susan Kuczynski
- Caroline Diorio, Paula D. Robinson, and Sandra Cabral, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Caroline Diorio, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children; L. Lee Dupuis, University of Toronto, Toronto; Caroline Diorio, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton; Susan Kuczynski, Ontario Parents Advocating for Children with Cancer, Barrie, Ontario, Canada; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Kelley Erickson and Brian T. Fisher, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Esbenshade, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Centre, Nashville, TN; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria, Australia; Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, National Health Service Trust, Leeds; and Robert Phillips, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas Lehrnbecher
- Caroline Diorio, Paula D. Robinson, and Sandra Cabral, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Caroline Diorio, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children; L. Lee Dupuis, University of Toronto, Toronto; Caroline Diorio, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton; Susan Kuczynski, Ontario Parents Advocating for Children with Cancer, Barrie, Ontario, Canada; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Kelley Erickson and Brian T. Fisher, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Esbenshade, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Centre, Nashville, TN; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria, Australia; Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, National Health Service Trust, Leeds; and Robert Phillips, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Phillips
- Caroline Diorio, Paula D. Robinson, and Sandra Cabral, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Caroline Diorio, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children; L. Lee Dupuis, University of Toronto, Toronto; Caroline Diorio, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton; Susan Kuczynski, Ontario Parents Advocating for Children with Cancer, Barrie, Ontario, Canada; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Kelley Erickson and Brian T. Fisher, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Esbenshade, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Centre, Nashville, TN; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria, Australia; Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, National Health Service Trust, Leeds; and Robert Phillips, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Cabral
- Caroline Diorio, Paula D. Robinson, and Sandra Cabral, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Caroline Diorio, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children; L. Lee Dupuis, University of Toronto, Toronto; Caroline Diorio, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton; Susan Kuczynski, Ontario Parents Advocating for Children with Cancer, Barrie, Ontario, Canada; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Kelley Erickson and Brian T. Fisher, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Esbenshade, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Centre, Nashville, TN; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria, Australia; Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, National Health Service Trust, Leeds; and Robert Phillips, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - L. Lee Dupuis
- Caroline Diorio, Paula D. Robinson, and Sandra Cabral, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Caroline Diorio, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children; L. Lee Dupuis, University of Toronto, Toronto; Caroline Diorio, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton; Susan Kuczynski, Ontario Parents Advocating for Children with Cancer, Barrie, Ontario, Canada; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Kelley Erickson and Brian T. Fisher, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Esbenshade, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Centre, Nashville, TN; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria, Australia; Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, National Health Service Trust, Leeds; and Robert Phillips, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Lillian Sung
- Caroline Diorio, Paula D. Robinson, and Sandra Cabral, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Caroline Diorio, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children; L. Lee Dupuis, University of Toronto, Toronto; Caroline Diorio, McMaster Children’s Hospital, Hamilton; Susan Kuczynski, Ontario Parents Advocating for Children with Cancer, Barrie, Ontario, Canada; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Kelley Erickson and Brian T. Fisher, University of Pennsylvania, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Adam Esbenshade, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Centre, Nashville, TN; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Royal Children’s Hospital, Parkville; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria, Australia; Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany; Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, National Health Service Trust, Leeds; and Robert Phillips, University of York, York, United Kingdom.,Corresponding author: Lillian Sung, MD, PhD, Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, 555 University Ave, Toronto, ON M5G1X8, Canada; e-mail:
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Thursky K, Lingaratnam S, Jayarajan J, Haeusler GM, Teh B, Tew M, Venn G, Hiong A, Brown C, Leung V, Worth LJ, Dalziel K, Slavin MA. Implementation of a whole of hospital sepsis clinical pathway in a cancer hospital: impact on sepsis management, outcomes and costs. BMJ Open Qual 2018; 7:e000355. [PMID: 30019016 PMCID: PMC6045757 DOI: 10.1136/bmjoq-2018-000355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2018] [Revised: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Infection and sepsis are common problems in cancer management affecting up to 45% of patients and are associated with significant morbidity, mortality and healthcare utilisation. Objective To develop and implement a whole of hospital clinical pathway for the management of sepsis (SP) in a specialised cancer hospital and to measure the impact on patient outcomes and healthcare utilisation. Methods A multidisciplinary sepsis working party was established. Process mapping of practices for recognition and management of sepsis was undertaken across all clinical areas. A clinical pathway document that supported nurse-initiated sepsis care, prompt antibiotic and fluid resuscitation was implemented. Process and outcome measures for patients with sepsis were collected preimplementation (April-December 2012), postimplementation cohorts (April-December 2013), and from January to December 2014. Results 323 patients were evaluated (111 preimplementation, 212 postimplementation). More patients with sepsis had lactate measured (75.0% vs 17.2%) and appropriate first dose antibiotic (90.1% vs 76.1%) (all p<0.05). Time to antibiotics was halved (55 vs 110 min, p<0.05). Patients with sepsis had lower rates of intensive care unit admission (17.1% vs 35.5%), postsepsis length of stay (7.5 vs 9.9 days), and sepsis-related mortality (5.0% vs 16.2%) (all p<0.05). Mean total hospital admission costs were lower in the SP cohort, with a significant difference in admission costs between historical and SP non-surgical groups of $A8363 (95% CI 81.02 to 16645.32, p=0.048) per patient on the pathway. A second cohort of 449 patients with sepsis from January to December 2014 demonstrated sustained improvement. Conclusions The SP was associated with significant improvement in patient outcomes and reduced costs. The SP has been sustained since 2013, and has been successfully implemented in another hospital with further implementations underway in Victoria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Thursky
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Senthil Lingaratnam
- Department of Pharmacy, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Jasveer Jayarajan
- Department of General Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Benjamin Teh
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Michelle Tew
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Center for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Center for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Georgina Venn
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Alison Hiong
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christine Brown
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Vivian Leung
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Leon J Worth
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kim Dalziel
- Center for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Center for Health Policy, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- National Centre for Infections in Cancer, Peter MacCallum Cancer Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Haeusler GM, Slavin MA, Bryant PA, Babl FE, Mechinaud F, Thursky KA. Management of fever and neutropenia in children with cancer: A survey of Australian and New Zealand practice. J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54:761-769. [PMID: 29655245 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 11/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIM Variation in the management of fever and neutropenia (FN) in children is well described. The aim of this study was to explore the current management of FN across Australia and New Zealand and highlight areas for improvement. METHODS A practice survey was administered to paediatric health-care providers via four clinical and research networks. Using three clinical case vignettes, we explored risk stratification, empiric antibiotics, initial investigations, intravenous-oral switch, ambulatory management and antibiotic duration in children with cancer and FN. RESULTS A response was received from 104 participants from 16 different hospitals. FN guideline compliance was rated as moderate or poor by 24% of respondents, and seven different fever definitions were described. There was little variation in the selected empiric monotherapy and dual-therapy regimens, and almost all respondents recommended first-dose antibiotics within 1 h. However, 27 different empiric antibiotic combinations were selected for beta-lactam allergy. An incorrect risk status was assigned to the low-risk case by 27% of respondents and to the high-risk case by 41%. Compared to current practice, significantly more respondents would manage the low-risk case in the ambulatory setting provided adequate resources were in place (43 vs. 85%, P < 0.0001). There was variation in the use of empiric glycopeptides as well as use of aminoglycosides beyond 48 h. CONCLUSION Although the antibiotics selected for empiric management of FN are appropriate and consistent, variation and inaccuracies exist in risk stratification, the selection of monotherapy over dual therapy, empiric antibiotics chosen for beta-lactam allergy, use of glycopeptides and duration of aminoglycosides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Victoria State Government, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Infection and Immunity, Monash Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Penelope A Bryant
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Infectious Diseases Unit, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Franz E Babl
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francoise Mechinaud
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Department of Paediatrics, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin A Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Infections in Cancer, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Wang SS, Mechinaud F, Thursky K, Cain T, Lau E, Haeusler GM. The clinical utility of fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography for investigation of fever in immunocompromised children. J Paediatr Child Health 2018; 54:487-492. [PMID: 29235187 DOI: 10.1111/jpc.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
AIM Fever in immunocompromised children presents significant challenges. We aimed to determine the clinical impact of fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) in combination with computed tomography (CT) in children with malignancy or following haematopoietic stem cell transplantation with prolonged or recurrent fever. METHODS Immunocompromised children who underwent FDG-PET/CT for investigation of prolonged or recurrent fever were identified from hospital databases. The clinical impact of the FDG-PET/CT was considered 'high' if it contributed to any of the following: diagnosis of a new site infection/inflammation, change to antimicrobials or chemotherapy, or additional investigations or specialist consult contributing to final diagnosis. RESULTS Fourteen patients underwent an FDG-PET/CT for prolonged or recurrent fever. Median age was 11 years and 46% had diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. The median absolute neutrophil count on the day of FDG-PET/CT was 0.47 cells/μL. The clinical impact of FDG-PET/CT was 'high' in 11 (79%) patients, contributing to rationalisation of antimicrobials in three, and cessation of antimicrobials in five. Compared to conventional imaging, FDG PET/CT identified seven additional sites of clinically significant infection/inflammation in seven patients. Of the 10 patients who had a cause of fever identified, FDG-PET/CT contributed to the final diagnosis in six (60%). CONCLUSION This study has identified potential utility for FDG-PET/CT in immunocompromised children with prolonged or recurrent fever. Further prospective studies are needed to compare FDG-PET/CT versus conventional imaging, to identify the optimal timing of FDG-PET/CT and to study the role of subsequent scans to monitor response to therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Stacie Wang
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Francoise Mechinaud
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Karin Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,NHMRC National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Timothy Cain
- Department of Radiology, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Eddie Lau
- Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, Royal Children's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Haeusler GM, Thursky KA, Slavin MA, Mechinaud F, Babl FE, Bryant P, De Abreu Lourenco R, Phillips R. External Validation of Six Pediatric Fever and Neutropenia Clinical Decision Rules. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2018; 37:329-335. [PMID: 28877157 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000001777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fever and neutropenia (FN) clinical decision rules (CDRs) are recommended to help distinguish children with cancer at high and low risk of severe infection. The aim of this study was to validate existing pediatric FN CDRs designed to stratify children with cancer at high or low risk of serious infection or medical complication. METHODS Pediatric CDRs suitable for validation were identified from a literature search. Relevant data were extracted from an existing data set of 650 retrospective FN episodes in children with cancer. The sensitivity and specificity of each of the CDR were compared with the derivation studies to assess reproducibility. RESULTS Six CDRs were identified for validation: 2 were designed to predict bacteremia and 4 to predict adverse events. Five CDRs exhibited reproducibility in our cohort. A rule predicting bacteremia had the highest sensitivity (100%; 95% confidence interval (CI): 93%-100%) although poor specificity (17%), with only 15% identified as low risk. For adverse events, the highest sensitivity achieved was 84% (95% CI: 75%-90%), with specificity of 29% and 27% identified as low risk. A rule intended for application after a 24-hour period of inpatient observation yielded a sensitivity of 80% (95% CI: 73-86) and specificity of 46%, with 44% identified as low risk. CONCLUSIONS Five CDRs were reproducible, although not all can be recommended for implementation because of either inadequate sensitivity or failure to identify a clinically meaningful number of low-risk patients. The 24-hour rule arguably exhibits the best balance between sensitivity and specificity in our population.
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Haeusler GM, Thursky KA, Mechinaud F, Babl FE, De Abreu Lourenco R, Slavin MA, Phillips R. Predicting Infectious ComplicatioNs in Children with Cancer: an external validation study. Br J Cancer 2017; 117:171-178. [PMID: 28609435 PMCID: PMC5520507 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2017.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to validate the 'Predicting Infectious ComplicatioNs in Children with Cancer' (PICNICC) clinical decision rule (CDR) that predicts microbiologically documented infection (MDI) in children with cancer and fever and neutropenia (FN). We also investigated costs associated with current FN management strategies in Australia. METHODS Demographic, episode, outcome and cost data were retrospectively collected on 650 episodes of FN. We assessed the discrimination, calibration, sensitivity and specificity of the PICNICC CDR in our cohort compared with the derivation data set. RESULTS Using the original variable coefficients, the CDR performed poorly. After recalibration the PICNICC CDR had an area under the receiver operating characteristic (AUC-ROC) curve of 0.638 (95% CI 0.590-0.685) and calibration slope of 0.24. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of the PICNICC CDR at presentation was 78.4%, 39.8%, 28.6% and 85.7%, respectively. For bacteraemia, the sensitivity improved to 85.2% and AUC-ROC to 0.71. Application at day 2, taking into consideration the proportion of MDI known (43%), further improved the sensitivity to 87.7%. Length of stay is the main contributor to cost of FN treatment, with an average cost per day of AUD 2183 in the low-risk group. CONCLUSIONS For prediction of any MDI, the PICNICC rule did not perform as well at presentation in our cohort as compared with the derivation study. However, for bacteraemia, the predictive ability was similar to that of the derivation study, highlighting the importance of recalibration using local data. Performance also improved after an overnight period of observation. Implementation of a low-risk pathway, using the PICNICC CDR after a short period of inpatient observation, is likely to be safe and has the potential to reduce health-care expenditure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle M Haeusler
- The Paediatric Integrated Cancer Service, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Department of Infection and Immunity, Monash Children’s Hospital, Department of Paediatrics, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3168, Australia
| | - Karin A Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- NHMRC National Centre for Antimicrobial Stewardship, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Francoise Mechinaud
- Children’s Cancer Centre, Royal Children’s Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Franz E Babl
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Richard De Abreu Lourenco
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, 15 Broadway, Ultimo, New South Wales 2007, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, 305 Grattan Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- Victorian Infectious Diseases Service, The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, 792 Elizabeth Street, Melbourne, Victoria 3000, Australia
| | - Robert Phillips
- Centre for Reviews and Dissemination, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK
- Leeds Children’s Hospital, Leeds General Infirmary, Great George Street, Leeds LS1 3EX, UK
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Lehrnbecher T, Robinson P, Fisher B, Alexander S, Ammann RA, Beauchemin M, Carlesse F, Groll AH, Haeusler GM, Santolaya M, Steinbach WJ, Castagnola E, Davis BL, Dupuis LL, Gaur AH, Tissing WJE, Zaoutis T, Phillips R, Sung L. Guideline for the Management of Fever and Neutropenia in Children With Cancer and Hematopoietic Stem-Cell Transplantation Recipients: 2017 Update. J Clin Oncol 2017; 35:2082-2094. [PMID: 28459614 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2016.71.7017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 266] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose To update a clinical practice guideline (CPG) for the empirical management of fever and neutropenia (FN) in children with cancer and hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation recipients. Methods The International Pediatric Fever and Neutropenia Guideline Panel is a multidisciplinary and multinational group of experts in pediatric oncology and infectious diseases that includes a patient advocate. For questions of risk stratification and evaluation, we updated systematic reviews of observational studies. For questions of therapy, we conducted a systematic review of randomized trials of any intervention applied for the empirical management of pediatric FN. The Grading of Recommendation Assessment, Development and Evaluation approach was used to make strong or weak recommendations and to classify levels of evidence as high, moderate, low, or very low. Results Recommendations related to initial presentation, ongoing management, and empirical antifungal therapy of pediatric FN were reviewed; the most substantial changes were related to empirical antifungal therapy. Key differences from our 2012 FN CPG included the listing of a fourth-generation cephalosporin for empirical therapy in high-risk FN, refinement of risk stratification to define patients with high-risk invasive fungal disease (IFD), changes in recommended biomarkers and radiologic investigations for the evaluation of IFD in prolonged FN, and a weak recommendation to withhold empirical antifungal therapy in IFD low-risk patients with prolonged FN. Conclusion Changes to the updated FN CPG recommendations will likely influence the care of pediatric patients with cancer and those undergoing hematopoietic stem-cell transplantation. Future work should focus on closing research gaps and on identifying ways to facilitate implementation and adaptation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Lehrnbecher
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Robinson
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Brian Fisher
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Sarah Alexander
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Roland A Ammann
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Melissa Beauchemin
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Fabianne Carlesse
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Andreas H Groll
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Santolaya
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - William J Steinbach
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Elio Castagnola
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Bonnie L Davis
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - L Lee Dupuis
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Aditya H Gaur
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Wim J E Tissing
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Theo Zaoutis
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Robert Phillips
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Lillian Sung
- Thomas Lehrnbecher, Hospital for Children and Adolescents, Johann Wolfgang Goethe University, Frankfurt; Andreas H. Groll, University Children's Hospital, Muenster, Germany; Paula Robinson, Pediatric Oncology Group of Ontario; Sarah Alexander, L. Lee Dupuis, and Lillian Sung, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; Brian Fisher and Theo Zaoutis, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA; Roland A. Ammann, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Switzerland; Melissa Beauchemin, Columbia University/Herbert Irving Cancer Center, New York, NY; Fabianne Carlesse, Pediatric Oncology Institute, GRAACC/Federal University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; Gabrielle M. Haeusler, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne; Monash Children's Hospital, Clayton, Victoria, Australia; Maria Santolaya, Hospital Luis Calvo Mackenna, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile; William J. Steinbach, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC; Elio Castagnola, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genova, Italy; Bonnie L. Davis, High Tor Limited, Nassau, Bahamas; Aditya H. Gaur, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN; Wim J.E. Tissing, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands; and Robert Phillips, Leeds Teaching Hospital, NHS Trust, Leeds; University of York, York, United Kingdom
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Hebbard AIT, Slavin MA, Reed C, Trubiano JA, Teh BW, Haeusler GM, Thursky KA, Worth LJ. Risks factors and outcomes of Clostridium difficile infection in patients with cancer: a matched case-control study. Support Care Cancer 2017; 25:1923-1930. [PMID: 28155020 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-017-3606-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) is the leading cause of diarrhoea in hospitalised patients. Cancer populations are at high-risk for infection, but comprehensive evaluation in the current era of cancer care has not been performed. The objective of this study was to describe characteristics, risk factors, and outcomes of CDI in cancer patients. METHODS Fifty consecutive patients with CDI at a large Australian cancer centre (2013-2015) were identified from the hospital pathology database. Each case was matched by ward and hospital admission date to three controls without toxigenic CDI. Treatment and outcomes of infection were evaluated and potential risk factors were analysed using conditional logistic regression. RESULTS Patients with CDI had a mean age of 59.7 years and 74% had an underlying solid tumour. Healthcare-associated infection comprised 80% of cases. Recurrence occurred in 10, and 12% of cases were admitted to ICU within 30 days. Severe or severe-complicated infection was observed in 32%. Independent risk factors for infection included chemotherapy (odds ratio (OR) 3.82, 95% CI 1.67-8.75; p = 0.002), gastro-intestinal/abdominal surgery (OR 4.64, 95% CI 1.20-17.91; p = 0.03), proton pump inhibitor (PPI) therapy (OR 2.47, 95% CI 1.05-5.80; p = 0.04), and days of antibiotic therapy (OR 1.04, 95% CI 1.01-1.08; p = 0.02). CONCLUSIONS Severe or complicated infections are frequent in patients with cancer who develop CDI. Receipt of chemotherapy, gastro-intestinal/abdominal surgery, PPI therapy, and antibiotic exposure contribute to infection risk. More effective CDI therapy for cancer patients is required and dedicated antibiotic stewardship programs in high-risk cancer populations are needed to ameliorate infection risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew I T Hebbard
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1 A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, VIC, 8006, Australia
| | - Monica A Slavin
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1 A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, VIC, 8006, Australia.,Centre for Improving Cancer Outcomes through Enhanced Infection Services, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence, The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Caroline Reed
- Microbiology Department, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Jason A Trubiano
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1 A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, VIC, 8006, Australia
| | - Benjamin W Teh
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1 A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, VIC, 8006, Australia
| | - Gabrielle M Haeusler
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1 A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, VIC, 8006, Australia
| | - Karin A Thursky
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1 A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, VIC, 8006, Australia.,Centre for Improving Cancer Outcomes through Enhanced Infection Services, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence, The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Leon J Worth
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Infection Prevention, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Locked Bag 1 A'Beckett Street, Melbourne, VIC, 8006, Australia. .,Centre for Improving Cancer Outcomes through Enhanced Infection Services, National Health and Medical Research Council Centre of Research Excellence, The Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia. .,Victorian Healthcare Associated Infection Surveillance System (VICNISS), Doherty Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
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