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Surangsrirat D, Srikun O, Sangawitayakorn C, Wannasetdecho T, Puanglamjeak M, Birdi P, Kirkup J, Chana K. Nondestructive Measurement Technique for Substandard Amoxicillin Based on Thermal Approach. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:19378-19384. [PMID: 38708267 PMCID: PMC11064199 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.4c00536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we introduce a new nondestructive measurement technique based on a thermal approach for the determination of substandard amoxicillin. The quality control of amoxicillin is critical for patient safety, and one of the essential parameters for its evaluation is the content of the active ingredient. Traditional methods for assessing amoxicillin content are defined by their time-consuming nature, reliance on skilled personnel, and frequent necessity for specific reagents. The proposed device aims to provide a rapid and low-cost alternative that can accurately measure the amoxicillin content without damaging the sample. The method validation results indicate coefficient of determination (R2) exceeding 0.99, with percent recoveries falling within the range of 98.70-103.40%. The calculated values for limit of detection and limit of quantitation were determined to be 28.11 and 85.17 mg/L, respectively. Our experiments employed amoxicillin samples with predetermined concentrations, all of which were below the standard quality. It was observed that the proposed analytical device effectively quantifies the amoxicillin content in aqueous solutions. Each measurement took no more than 10 min, underscoring the efficiency of the analysis process. The experiments were validated through independent testing at the Government Pharmaceutical Organization in Thailand and the department of engineering science in Oxford, which provides strong evidence for the effectiveness and robustness of the technique. Overall, this study demonstrates the feasibility of using a thermal approach for the nondestructive measurement of substandard amoxicillin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Decho Surangsrirat
- Digital
Healthcare Platform Innovation Group, National
Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Onsiri Srikun
- Pharmaceutical
Ingredient Research Group, The Government
Pharmaceutical Organization, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Chaksawat Sangawitayakorn
- Pharmaceutical
Ingredient Research Group, The Government
Pharmaceutical Organization, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
| | - Titasmith Wannasetdecho
- Digital
Healthcare Platform Innovation Group, National
Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Mananya Puanglamjeak
- Digital
Healthcare Platform Innovation Group, National
Science and Technology Development Agency, Pathum Thani 12120, Thailand
| | - Prab Birdi
- Proxisense
Limited, Cody Technology
Park, Hampshire GU14 0LX, England
| | - Joe Kirkup
- Proxisense
Limited, Cody Technology
Park, Hampshire GU14 0LX, England
| | - Kam Chana
- Proxisense
Limited, Cody Technology
Park, Hampshire GU14 0LX, England
- Department
of Engineering Science, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PJ, England
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Nabi N, Singh S, Saffeullah P. An updated review on distribution, biosynthesis and pharmacological effects of artemisinin: A wonder drug. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2023; 214:113798. [PMID: 37517615 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2023.113798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based drugs have been used for centuries for treating different ailments. Malaria, one of the prevalent threats in many parts of the world, is treated mainly by artemisinin-based drugs derived from plants of genus Artemisia. However, the distribution of artemisinin is restricted to a few species of the genus; besides, its yield depends on ontogeny and the plant's geographical location. Here, we review the studies focusing on biosynthesis and distributional pattern of artemisinin production in species of the genus Artemisia. We also discussed various agronomic and in vitro methods and molecular approaches to increase the yield of artemisinin. We have summarized different mechanisms of artemisinin involved in its anti-malarial, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and anti-viral activities (like against Covid-19). Overall the current review provides a synopsis of a global view of the distribution of artemisinin, its biosynthesis, and pharmacological potential in treating various diseases like malaria, cancer, and coronavirus, which may provoke future research efforts in drug development. Nevertheless, long-term trials and molecular approaches, like CRISPR-Cas, are required for in-depth research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neelofer Nabi
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Seema Singh
- Department of Botany, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, 190006, India
| | - Peer Saffeullah
- Department of Botany, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, 110062, India.
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Zheng D, Zhou J, Qian L, Liu X, Chang C, Tang S, Zhang H, Zhou S. Biomimetic nanoparticles drive the mechanism understanding of shear-wave elasticity stiffness in triple negative breast cancers to predict clinical treatment. Bioact Mater 2023; 22:567-587. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2022.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Sankhuan D, Niramolyanun G, Kangwanrangsan N, Nakano M, Supaibulwatana K. Variation in terpenoids in leaves of Artemisia annua grown under different LED spectra resulting in diverse antimalarial activities against Plasmodium falciparum. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 22:128. [PMID: 35313811 PMCID: PMC8935710 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-022-03528-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Productivities of bioactive compounds in high-value herbs and medicinal plants are often compromised by uncontrollable environmental parameters. Recent advances in the development of plant factories with artificial lighting (PFAL) have led to improved qualitative and/or quantitative production of bioactive compounds in several medicinal plants. However, information concerning the effect of light qualities on plant pharmaceutical properties is limited. The influence of three different light-emitting diode (LED) spectra on leaf fresh weight (FW), bioactive compound production and bioactivity of Artemisia annua L. against the malarial parasite Plasmodium falciparum NF54 was investigated. Correlation between the A. annua metabolites and antimalarial activity of light-treated plant extracts were also determined. RESULTS Artemisia annua plants grown under white and blue spectra that intersected at 445 nm exhibited higher leaf FW and increased amounts of artemisinin and artemisinic acid, with enhanced production of several terpenoids displaying a variety of pharmacological activities. Conversely, the red spectrum led to diminished production of bioactive compounds and a distinct metabolite profile compared with other wavelengths. Crude extracts obtained from white and blue spectral treatments exhibited 2 times higher anti-Plasmodium falciparum activity than those subjected to the red treatment. Highest bioactivity was 4 times greater than those obtained from greenhouse-grown plants. Hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) revealed a strong correlation between levels of several terpenoids and antimalarial activity, suggesting that these compounds might be involved in increasing antimalarial activity. CONCLUSIONS Results demonstrated a strategy to overcome the limitation of A. annua cultivation in Bangkok, Thailand. A specific LED spectrum that operated in a PFAL system promoted the accumulation of some useful phytochemicals in A. annua, leading to increased antimalarial activity. Therefore, the application of PFAL with appropriate light spectra showed promise as an alternative method for industrial production of A. annua or other useful medicinal plants with minimal environmental influence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darunmas Sankhuan
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Gamolthip Niramolyanun
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Niwat Kangwanrangsan
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Masaru Nakano
- Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, 2-8050, Ikarashi, Niigata, 9502181, Japan
| | - Kanyaratt Supaibulwatana
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi District, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand.
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Ahmed-Laloui H, Zaak H, Rahmani A, Kashi I, Chemat S, Miara MD, Cherb N, Derdour M. Assessment of artemisinin and antioxidant activities of three wild Artemisia species of Algeria. Nat Prod Res 2022; 36:6344-6352. [PMID: 35001764 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2025803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin, a natural product, has received considerable attention in the last few years as a potent antimalarial drug.This study reports the presence of Artemisinin in three Algerian wild Artemisia species assessed by HPLC method: A. herba-alba (AH), A. campestris subsp. glutinosa (AC), and A. judaica subsp sahariensis (AJ).The HPLC analysis of the hexane extracts, showed a difference in artemisinin content in studied species with a yield of 0.64%, 0.34% and 0.04% for AC, AH and AJ, respectively. Moreover, the level of artemisinin obtained in A. campestris was better than those found in A. sieberi and A. annua. This rate has been reported for the first time.Furthermore, the antiradical activities of methanolic extracts of plants were also tested. There was a remarkable antioxidant capacity found in all Artemisia methanolic extracts analysed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Ahmed-Laloui
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology and Agriculture Division, Biotechnology Research Center (C.R.Bt), Ali Mendjeli, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Hadjer Zaak
- Food Biotechnology Division, Biotechnology Research Center (C.R.Bt), Ali Mendjeli, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Abderrahman Rahmani
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology and Agriculture Division, Biotechnology Research Center (C.R.Bt), Ali Mendjeli, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Imad Kashi
- Industry Biotechnology Division, Biotechnology Research Center (C.R.Bt), Ali Mendjeli, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Smain Chemat
- Extraction & Separation Techniques Team, Centre de Recherches Scientifique et Technique en Analyses Physico-Chimiques (C.R.A.P.C.), Algiers, Algeria
| | - Mohamed Djamel Miara
- Department of Nature and life Science, Faculty of Nature and life Science, Ibn Khaldoun University, Tiaret, Algeria
| | - Nora Cherb
- Environment Biotechnology Division, Biotechnology Research Center (C.R.Bt), Ali Mendjeli, Constantine, Algeria
| | - Mouna Derdour
- Animal Biotechnology Laboratory, Biotechnology and Agriculture Division, Biotechnology Research Center (C.R.Bt), Ali Mendjeli, Constantine, Algeria
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Mousavinasab SS, Bozorgmehrifard MH, Kiaei SMM, Rahbari S, Charkhkar S. Comparison of the effects of herbal compounds and chemical drugs for control of coccidiosis in broiler chickens. BULGARIAN JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.15547/bjvm.2020-0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccidiosis is the most important intestinal parasitic disease of broiler chickens in poultry industry. Because of the increasing resistance to anticoccidial agents and presence of their residues in meat and eggs, it is necessary to find safe and new anticoccidial compounds. This study was conducted to compare the effects of two herbal compounds, including Artemisia sieberi and Curcuma longa, and their mix with a chemical anticoccidial drug on broilers’ performance during a mixed coccidian challenge. A total of 216, one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into six groups. Different herbal extracts and one chemical anticoccidial agent were used in each group. Five groups were infected with a mixture of Eimeria sporulated oocysts at the age of 21 days with crop gavage. Body weight and feed intake were measured then feed conversion ratio was calculated on a weekly basis. Mortality was recorded when occurred throughout the experimental period. Oocysts excretions and lesion scores were investigated weekly up to three weeks after infection. Eimeria-challenged birds had a reduction in growth parameters compared to the uninfected birds (P<0.001); the best performance values were recorded for the groups treated with a mix of two herbal extracts and amprolium ethopabate (P<0.05). The groups treated with herbal extracts had a significantly reduced oocyst excretion per gram of faeces compared to the positive control group. Lesion score of the amprolium ethopabate group was better than those of the other groups. As a conclusion, herbal extracts, especially a mix of them, could be effective in controlling coccidiosis and its complications.
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Chen Y, Liu S, Ferreira JFDS, Xiao L, Gu M, Luo Y, Zhang T, Zhang X, Liu Z, Huang J, Tian N. Development and Application of a Fast Gas Chromatographic Method Offer New Insights into l-theanine Production Regulation in Camellia sinensis L. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2021; 69:11142-11150. [PMID: 34514782 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Tea is the most consumed beverage worldwide, and l-theanine in tea leaves significantly affects their flavor and market quality. We have developed and validated a fast and reliable gas chromatographic method with flame ionization detection (GC-FID) to quantify l-theanine after its extraction from Camellia sinensis (tea plant) and derivatization. The procedure was completed in 40 min, from extraction to chromatographic analysis, with a recovery rate of more than 93% and allowing a high sample throughput. The GC-FID intraday precision was within 0.57-2.28%, while the interday precision ranged from 1.57 to 13.48%. The intraday accuracy ranged from -6.84 to 5.26%, while the interday accuracy ranged from -1.08 to 3.12%. The limit of detection was 2.28 μg/mL, and the limit of quantification was 6.47 μg/mL. The GC-FID method was validated by high-performance liquid chromatography with UV detection (HPLC-UV) and was used to investigate the biosynthesis and regulation of l-theanine in tea plants. We found that plants fed with ethylamine significantly increased l-theanine concentrations in roots, while exogenous supplementation of glutamic acid, carbamide, and glutamine did not significantly affect the l-theanine level in roots. Our results also indicated that roots were not indispensable for the biosynthesis of l-theanine, which was detected in undifferentiated embryonic calluses in concentrations (g/100 g dry weight) as high as in leaves of whole plants (1.67 and 1.57%, respectively) and without any exogenous theanine precursor supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanni Chen
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shuoqian Liu
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jorge Freire da Silva Ferreira
- United States Salinity Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service, Riverside, California 92507, United States
| | - Lizheng Xiao
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Meiyi Gu
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Yiping Luo
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Tiantian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Xiangqin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science of Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Na Tian
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
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Wu Y, Lin R, Ma F, Jiang Z. Membrane-associated molecularly imprinted surfaces with tailor-made SiO2@polydopamine-based recognition sites for selective separation of artemisinin. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2021.126645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Experimental infection with Toxoplasma gondii in broiler chickens (Gallus domesticus): seroconversion, tissue cyst distribution, and prophylaxis. Parasitol Res 2021; 120:593-603. [PMID: 33415386 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-020-06984-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/22/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Toxoplasma gondii is a widespread zoonotic protozoan that infects most species of mammals and birds, including poultry. This study aimed to investigate the course of T. gondii infection and the efficacy of diclazuril and Artemisia annua in preventing infection in experimentally infected chickens. Seventy-five 1-month-old chickens, female and male, were randomly divided into five groups (n = 15 each) as follows: (1) uninfected untreated (negative control, NC); (2) infected with T. gondii genotype II/III isolated from a wild cat (group WC); (3) infected with T. gondii genotype II isolated from a domestic cat (group DC); (4) infected with T. gondii domestic cat strain and treated with the anticoccidial diclazuril (group DC-D); and (5) infected with T. gondii domestic cat strain and treated with the medicinal plant Artemisia annua (group DC-A). Clinical signs, body temperature, mortality rate, weight gain, feed conversion ratio, hematological parameters, and the presence of T. gondii-specific IgY antibodies were recorded in all groups. Five chickens per group were euthanized 28 days post-infection (p.i.) and their brains, hearts, and breast muscle tested for T. gondii by mouse bioassay and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). No clinical signs related to the experimental infection were observed throughout the study period. T. gondii-specific antibodies were detected by day 28 p.i., but not in all infected chickens. Overall, T. gondii DNA was detected (bioassay or tissue digests) in all infected and untreated chickens (10/10), while viable parasite (bioassay) was isolated from 7 out of 10 chickens. The parasite was most frequently identified in the brain (7/10). There were no differences in the T. gondii strains regarding clinical infection and the rate of T. gondii detection in tissues. However, higher antibody titers were obtained in chickens infected with T. gondii WC strain (1:192) comparing with T. gondii DC strain (1:48). A. annua reduced replication of the parasite in 3 out of 5 chickens, while diclazuril did not. In conclusion, broiler chickens were resistant to clinical toxoplasmosis, irrespective of the strain (domestic or wild cat strain). The herb A. annua presented prophylactic efficacy by reduced parasite replication. However, further studies are required aiming at the efficacy of diclazuril and A. annua for the prevention of T. gondii infection in chickens using quantitative analysis methods.
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Nahar L, Guo M, Sarker SD. A review on the latest advances in extraction and analysis of artemisinin. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2020; 31:5-14. [PMID: 31370102 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Artemisinin (1), a well-known natural antimalarial drug, is a sesquiterpene lactone that contains a unique peroxide bridge. Since its discovery, the amount of research into the analysis of artemisinin has increased considerably, and it has been further intensified since the Noble Prize win by Tu Youyou in the year 2015 for the discovery of artemisinin. OBJECTIVE To review literature on the extraction and analysis of artemisinin, published during 2017-present, and to present an appraisal of those methods. METHODOLOGY Extensive literature search was carried out which involved, but not limited to, the use of, various databases, like Web of Knowledge, PubMed and Google Scholar, and relevant published materials including published books. The keywords used, in various combinations, with artemisinin being present in all combinations, in the search were artemisinin, Artemisia annua, analysis, extraction, quantitative, qualitative and quality control. RESULTS During the period covered in this review, several methods of analysis of artemisinin have been reported, the most of which were liquid chromatography (LC)-based methods. However, the use of new methods like near-infrared analysis, fluorometirc analysis and molecular imprinting, and a significant increase in the use of computational tools have been observed. Mainly several methods involving supercritical fluid extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction of artemisinin have dominated the extraction area. CONCLUSIONS Newer analytical tools, as well as improved protocols for the known analytical tools, for qualitative and quantitative determination of artemisinin (1), have been made available by various researchers during the period covered by this review. Supercritical fluid extraction and ultrasound-assisted extraction are still the methods of choice for extraction of artemisinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutfun Nahar
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany ASCR and Palacký University, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Mingquan Guo
- Key Laboratory of Plant Germplasm Enhancement and Specialty Agriculture, Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- Sino-Africa Joint Research Centre, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Satyajit D Sarker
- Centre for Natural Products Discovery, School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, UK
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Tang XC, Xiao Y, Li P, Qi LW. Simple, Fast, and Sensitive detection of artemisinin in human serum and Artemisia annua using microsensor array coupled with electrochemiluminescent imaging technique. Talanta 2019; 196:124-130. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 12/04/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Ruan J, Liu Z, Qiu F, Shi H, Wang M. Simultaneous Quantification of Five Sesquiterpene Components after Ultrasound Extraction in Artemisia annua L. by an Accurate and Rapid UPLC⁻PDA Assay. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24081530. [PMID: 31003442 PMCID: PMC6515398 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24081530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: To develop an accurate and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) coupled with a photodiode array (PDA) method for the simultaneous determination of artemisinin (Art), arteannuin B (Art B), arteannuin C (Art C), dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA) and artemisinic acid (AA) in Artemisia annua L. Methodology: Chromatography separation was performed on an ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 Column with isocratic elution; the mobile phase was 0.1% formic acid aqueous solution (A) and acetonitrile (B) (A:B = 40:60, v/v). Data were recorded at an ultraviolet (UV) wavelength of 191 nm for Art, Art C, DHAA and AA, and 206 nm for Art B. Results: The calibration curves of the five sesquiterpene components were all linear with correlation coefficients more than 0.9990. The linear ranges were 31.44–1572 μg/mL, 25.48–1274 μg/mL, 40.56–2028 μg/mL, 31.44–1572 μg/mL and 26.88–1396 μg/mL for Art, Art B, Art C, DHAA and AA, respectively. The precision ranged from 0.08% to 2.88%, the stability was from 0.96% to 1.66%, and the repeatability was all within 2.42% and had a mean extraction recovery of 96.5% to 100.6%. Conclusion: The established UPLC–PDA method would be valuable for improving the quantitative analysis of sesquiterpene components in Artemisia annua L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Ruan
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10, Xitoutiao, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Zhengyue Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10, Xitoutiao, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Feng Qiu
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10, Xitoutiao, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Henan Shi
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10, Xitoutiao, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
| | - Manyuan Wang
- School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University, No.10, Xitoutiao, You'anmenwai, Fengtai District, Beijing 100069, China.
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Paul S, Basak P, Maity N, Guha C, Jana NK. Bis (Isothiocyanatomethyl) Benzene, A Plant Derived Anti-Neoplastic Compound: Purified from Moringa Oleifera Leaf Extract. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2019; 19:677-686. [PMID: 30727916 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190206164137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2018] [Revised: 01/07/2019] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Moringa oleifera lam, commonly known as "Sajina", is an indigenous species to India. In our folk medicine, it is used for the treatment of Canker (cancer). The Moringa oleifera leaf extract contains many phyto-compounds, with some being anti-neoplastic in nature. OBJECTIVE Our preliminary study showed that the leaf extract significantly kills cancer cells compared to normal cells. On searching for the new phyto-compound, Bis-isothiocyanatomethyl) benzene was purified and isolated. METHODS The sequential process of fractional distillation, column chromatography, followed by TLC and HPLC is performed for purification. Every fraction from each step was tested on HeLa cell line for evaluating the presence of the phyto-compound. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION FTIR peak analysis of a single phyto-compound shows the presence of thiocyanate group, aromatic carbon group. 1H & 13C NMR peak analysis along with High-resolution mass spectroscopy (HRMS) calculation confirm the chemical structure with IUPAC name [Bis (Isothiocyanatomethyl) benzene]. Previously, Isothiocyanatomethyl- benzene solely or in conjugation with sugar molecule has been reported, but its dimeric form in nature hasnot yet been published anywhere. It shows anticancer activity by retarding cancer cell growth & inhibits carcinogenesis on HeLa, MCF-7, and MDA-MB-231 cell lines by caspase 3 apoptotic pathway and showed comparatively less cytotoxicity to PBMC cell. It shows anticancer activity almost the same as the market available drug Cis-Platin. Therefore, further extrapolating its activity with different concentrations may result in its use as a drug formulation for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrat Paul
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja Subodh Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Piyali Basak
- School of Bioscience and Engineering, Jadavpur University, 188, Raja Subodh Mullick Road, Kolkata, 700032, India
| | - Namrata Maity
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Chowbaga Road, Anandapur, P.O East Kolkata Township, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
| | - Chayan Guha
- Department of Basic Engineering Science, Netaji Subhas Engineering College, Techno City, Panchpota, Garia, Kolkata, West Bengal 700152, India
| | - Nandan Kumar Jana
- Department of Biotechnology, Heritage Institute of Technology, Chowbaga Road, Anandapur, P.O East Kolkata Township, Kolkata, West Bengal 700107, India
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Numonov S, Sharopov F, Salimov A, Sukhrobov P, Atolikshoeva S, Safarzoda R, Habasi M, Aisa HA. Assessment of Artemisinin Contents in Selected Artemisia Species from Tajikistan (Central Asia). MEDICINES 2019; 6:medicines6010023. [PMID: 30709043 PMCID: PMC6473495 DOI: 10.3390/medicines6010023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background: Central Asia is the center of origin and diversification of the Artemisia genus. The genus Artemisia is known to possess a rich phytochemical diversity. Artemisinin is the shining example of a phytochemical isolated from Artemisia annua, which is widely used in the treatment of malaria. There is great interest in the discovery of alternative sources of artemisinin in other Artemisia species. Methods: The hexane extracts of Artemisia plants were prepared with ultrasound-assisted extraction procedures. Silica gel was used as an adsorbent for the purification of Artemisia annua extract. High-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection was performed for the quantification of underivatized artemisinin from hexane extracts of plants. Results: Artemisinin was found in seven Artemisia species collected from Tajikistan. Content of artemisinin ranged between 0.07% and 0.45% based on dry mass of Artemisia species samples. Conclusions: The artemisinin contents were observed in seven Artemisia species. A. vachanica was found to be a novel plant source of artemisinin. Purification of A. annua hexane extract using silica gel as adsorbent resulted in enrichment of artemisinin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sodik Numonov
- Research Institution "Chinese-Tajik Innovation Center for Natural Products" of the Tajikistan Academy of Sciences, Ayni str. 299/2, Dushanbe 734063, Tajikistan.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
- Center for Research in Innovative Technologies, Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Tajikistan, Dushanbe 734062, Tajikistan.
| | - Farukh Sharopov
- Research Institution "Chinese-Tajik Innovation Center for Natural Products" of the Tajikistan Academy of Sciences, Ayni str. 299/2, Dushanbe 734063, Tajikistan.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan.
| | - Aminjon Salimov
- V.I. Nikitin Institute of Chemistry of the Tajikistan Academy of Sciences, Ayni str. 299/2, Dushanbe 734063, Tajikistan.
| | - Parviz Sukhrobov
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Sunbula Atolikshoeva
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Ramazon Safarzoda
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Avicenna Tajik State Medical University, Rudaki 139, Dushanbe 734003, Tajikistan.
| | - Maidina Habasi
- Research Institution "Chinese-Tajik Innovation Center for Natural Products" of the Tajikistan Academy of Sciences, Ayni str. 299/2, Dushanbe 734063, Tajikistan.
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
| | - Haji Akber Aisa
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources and Chemistry in Arid Regions, Xinjiang Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Urumqi 830011, China.
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Stringham RW, Moore GL, Teager DS, Yue TY. Analysis and Isolation of Potential Artemisinin Precursors from Waste Streams of Artemisia Annua Extraction. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:7803-7808. [PMID: 30087924 PMCID: PMC6068693 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
High-performance liquid chromatography, liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry methods were developed to analyze the process waste streams of Artemisia Annua extraction. Results from these methods suggested that the final waste from the extraction process could serve as a source of dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA) that could be converted to additional artemisinin. Two additional impurities were isolated and identified in the waste material as well as in A. annua leaf samples. That these impurities also appear as side-products in chemical transformations of DHAA to artemisinin supports the conclusion that the in vivo transformation proceeds as nonspecific oxidations. These impurities do not appear in isolated artemisinin. A simple, high-yielding procedure for recovery of DHAA from the primary waste stream was developed.
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16
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Ciftci ON, Cahyadi J, Guigard SE, Saldaña MDA. Optimization of artemisinin extraction from Artemisia annua L. with supercritical carbon dioxide + ethanol using response surface methodology. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1926-1933. [PMID: 29756212 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201800084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Revised: 04/15/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
Malaria is a high priority life-threatening public health concern in developing countries, and therefore there is a growing interest to obtain artemisinin for the production of artemisinin-based combination therapy products. In this study, artemisinin was extracted from the Artemisia annua L. plant using supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2 ) modified with ethanol. Response surface methodology based on central composite rotatable design was employed to investigate and optimize the extraction conditions of pressure (9.9-30 MPa), temperature (33-67°C), and co-solvent (ethanol, 0-12.6 wt.%). Optimum SC-CO2 extraction conditions were found to be 30 MPa and 33°C without ethanol. Under optimized conditions, the predicted artemisinin yield was 1.09% whereas the experimental value was 0.71 ± 0.07%. Soxhlet extraction with hexane resulted in higher artemisinin yields and there was no significant difference in the purity of the extracts obtained with SC-CO2 and Soxhlet extractions. Results indicated that SC-CO2 and SC-CO2 +ethanol extraction is a promising alternative for the extraction of artemisinin to eliminate the use of organic solvents, such as hexane, and produce extracts that can be used for the production of antimalarial products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Nazim Ciftci
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Jessica Cahyadi
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Selma E Guigard
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Marleny D A Saldaña
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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17
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Wetzstein HY, Porter JA, Janick J, Ferreira JFS, Mutui TM. Selection and Clonal Propagation of High Artemisinin Genotypes of Artemisia annua. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:358. [PMID: 29636758 PMCID: PMC5881154 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Artemisinin, produced in the glandular trichomes of Artemisia annua L. is a vital antimalarial drug effective against Plasmodium falciparum resistant to quinine-derived medicines. Although work has progressed on the semi-synthetic production of artemisinin, field production of A. annua remains the principal commercial source of the compound. Crop production of artemisia must be increased to meet the growing worldwide demand for artemisinin combination therapies (ACTs) to treat malaria. Grower artemisinin yields rely on plants generated from seeds from open-pollinated parents. Although selection has considerably increased plant artemisinin concentration in the past 15 years, seed-generated plants have highly variable artemisinin content that lowers artemisinin yield per hectare. Breeding efforts to produce improved F1 hybrids have been hampered by the inability to produce inbred lines due to self-incompatibility. An approach combining conventional hybridization and selection with clonal propagation of superior genotypes is proposed as a means to enhance crop yield and artemisinin production. Typical seed-propagated artemisia plants produce less than 1% (dry weight) artemisinin with yields below 25 kg/ha. Genotypes were identified producing high artemisinin levels of over 2% and possessing improved agronomic characteristics such as high leaf area and shoot biomass production. Field studies of clonally-propagated high-artemisinin plants verified enhanced plant uniformity and an estimated gross primary productivity of up to 70 kg/ha artemisinin, with a crop density of one plant m-2. Tissue culture and cutting protocols for the mass clonal propagation of A. annua were developed for shoot regeneration, rooting, acclimatization, and field cultivation. Proof of concept studies showed that both tissue culture-regenerated plants and rooted cutting performed better than plants derived from seed in terms of uniformity, yield, and consistently high artemisinin content. Use of this technology to produce plants with homogeneously-high artemisinin can help farmers markedly increase the artemisinin yield per cultivated area. This would lead to increased profit to farmers and decreased prices of ACT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazel Y. Wetzstein
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
- Department of Horticulture, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, United States
- *Correspondence: Hazel Y. Wetzstein,
| | - Justin A. Porter
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jules Janick
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, United States
| | - Jorge F. S. Ferreira
- U.S. Salinity Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Riverside, CA, United States
| | - Theophilus M. Mutui
- Department of Seed, Crop and Horticultural Sciences, University of Eldoret, Eldoret, Kenya
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18
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Ferreira JFS, Benedito VA, Sandhu D, Marchese JA, Liu S. Seasonal and Differential Sesquiterpene Accumulation in Artemisia annua Suggest Selection Based on Both Artemisinin and Dihydroartemisinic Acid may Increase Artemisinin in planta. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1096. [PMID: 30154807 PMCID: PMC6102481 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 07/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Commercial Artemisia annua crops are the sole source of artemisinin (ART) worldwide. Data on seasonal accumulation and peak of sesquiterpenes, especially ART in commercial A. annua, is lacking while current breeding programs focus only on ART and plant biomass, but ignores dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA) and artemisinic acid (AA). Despite past breeding successes, plants richer in ART are needed to decrease prices of artemisinin-combination therapy (ACT). Our results show that sesquiterpene concentrations vary greatly along the growing season and that sesquiterpene profiles differ widely among chemotypes. Field studies with elite Brazilian, Chinese, and Swiss germplasms established that ART peaked in vegetative plants from late August to early September, suggesting that ART is related to the photoperiod, not flowering. DHAA peaks with ART in Chinese and Swiss plants, but decreases, as ART increases, in Brazilian plants, while AA remained stable through the season in these genotypes. Chinese plants peaked at 0.9% ART, 1.6% DHAA; Brazilian plants at 0.9% ART, with less than 0.4% DHAA; Swiss plants at 0.8% ART and 1% DHAA. At single-date harvests, seeded Swiss plants produced 0.55-1.2% ART, with plants being higher in DHAA than ART; Brazilian plants produced 0.33-1.5% ART, with most having higher ART than DHAA. Elite germplasms produced from 0.02-0.43% AA, except Sandeman-UK (0.4-1.1% AA). Our data suggest that different chemotypes, high in ART and DHAA, have complementary pathways, while competing with AA. Crossing plants high in ART and DHAA may generate hybrids with higher ART than currently available in commercial germplasms. Selecting for high ART and DHAA (and low AA) can be a valuable approach for future selection and breeding to produce plants more efficient in transforming DHAA into ART in planta and during post-harvest. This novel approach could change the breeding focus of A. annua and other pharmaceutical species that produce more than one desired metabolite in the same pathway. Obtaining natural variants with high ART content will empower countries and farmers who select, improve, and cultivate A. annua as a commercial pharmaceutical crop. This selection approach could enable ART to be produced locally where it is most needed to fight malaria and other parasitic neglected diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge F. S. Ferreira
- US Salinity Laboratory, Riverside, CA, United States
- *Correspondence: Jorge F. S. Ferreira
| | - Vagner A. Benedito
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, United States
| | | | - José A. Marchese
- Biochemistry and Plant Molecular Physiology Laboratory, Agronomy Department, Federal University of Technology–Paraná, Pato Branco, Brazil
| | - Shuoqian Liu
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture and Hardening, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
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19
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Liu S, Ferreira JFDS, Liu L, Tang Y, Tian D, Liu Z, Tian N. Isolation of Dihydroartemisinic Acid from Artemisia annua L. By-Product by Combining Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction with Response Surface Methodology. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:746-753. [PMID: 28566563 DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Malaria is the most devastating parasitic disease worldwide. Artemisinin is the only drug that can cure malaria that is resistant to quinine-derived drugs. After the commercial extraction of artemisinin from Artemisia annua, the recovery of dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA) from artemisinin extraction by-product has the potential to increase artemisinin commercial yield. Here we describe the development and optimization of an ultrasound-assisted alkaline procedure for the extraction of DHAA from artemisinin production waste using response surface methodology. Our results using this methodology established that NaOH at 0.36%, extraction time of 67.96 min, liquid-solid ratio of 5.89, and ultrasonic power of 83.9 W were the optimal conditions to extract DHAA from artemisinin production waste. Under these optimal conditions, we achieved a DHAA yield of 2.7%. Finally, we conducted a validation experiment, and the results confirmed the prediction generated by the regression model developed in this study. This work provides a novel way to increase the production of artemisinin per cultivated area and to reduce artemisinin production costs by recycling its commercial waste to obtain DHAA, an immediate precursor of artemisinin. The use of this technology may reduce the costs of artemisinin-based antimalarial medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuoqian Liu
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture and Hardening, Hunan Agricultural University.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals
| | | | - Liping Liu
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture and Hardening, Hunan Agricultural University
| | - Yuwei Tang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture and Hardening, Hunan Agricultural University
| | - Dongming Tian
- National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture and Hardening, Hunan Agricultural University.,National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals
| | - Na Tian
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture and Hardening, Hunan Agricultural University
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20
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Tian N, Tang Y, Tian D, Liu Z, Liu S. Determination of dihydroartemisinic acid in Artemisia annua L. by gas chromatography with flame ionization detection. Biomed Chromatogr 2016; 31. [PMID: 27557482 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.3824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA) is the direct precursor to artemisinin, an effective anti-malaria compound from Artemisia annua L. (A. annua), and it can be transformed to artemisinin without the catalysis of enzyme. A rapid and sensitive analysis of DHAA in A. annua is needed to screen excellent plant resources aimed to improve artemisinin production. In order to develop a rapid and sensitive determination method for DHAA in plant, the extraction and analysis conditions were extensively investigated in the present work. As a result, extraction of powdered A. annua leaves at 55°C for 50 min with chloroform resulted in the highest yield of DHAA, with a recovery of >98%. The precision of this gas chromatographic procedure ranged from 1.22 to 2.94% for intra-day and from 1.69 to 4.31% for inter-day, respectively. The accuracy was 99.55-103.02% for intra-day and 98.86-99.98% for inter-day, respectively. The measured LOQ and LOD values of the proposed method reached 5.00 and 2.00 μg/mL, respectively. Validation indicated the method was robust, quick, sensitive and adequate for DHAA analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Tian
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture and Hardening, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Yuwei Tang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture and Hardening, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Dongming Tian
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture and Hardening, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture and Hardening, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.,Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture and Hardening, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
| | - Shuoqian Liu
- Hunan Collaborative Innovation for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, National Research Center of Engineering Technology for Utilization of Functional Ingredients from Botanicals, College of Horticulture and Hardening, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China.,Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture and Hardening, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, 410128, China
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21
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Guo S, Cui Y, Wang K, Zhang W, Tan G, Wang B, Cui L. Development of a Specific Monoclonal Antibody for the Quantification of Artemisinin in Artemisia annua and Rat Serum. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2701-6. [PMID: 26822789 PMCID: PMC5045448 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Artemisinin, extracted from Artemisia annua, and its derivatives are important frontline antimalarials. To produce specific antibodies for the detection and quantification of artemisinin, artemisinin was transformed to 9-hydroxyartemisinin by microbial fermentation, which was used to prepare a 9-succinate artemisinin hapten for conjugation with ovalbumin. A monoclonal antibody (mAb), designated as 3H7A10, was selected from hybridoma cell lines which showed high specificity to artemisinin. No competitive inhibition was observed with artesunate, dihydroartemisinin, and artemether for up to 20,000 ng mL(-1). An indirect competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (icELISA) was developed, which showed a concentration causing 50% of inhibition (IC50) for artemisinin as 2.6 ng mL(-1) and a working range of 0.6-11.5 ng mL(-1). The icELISA was applied for the quantification of artemisinin in crude extracts of wild A. annua and the study of pharmacokinetics of artemisinin in rat serum after intraperitoneal injection. The results were highly correlated with those determined by HPLC-UV analysis (R(2) = 0.9919). In comparison with reported antiartemisinin mAbs which have broad cross-reactivity with other artemisinin derivatives, the high specificity of 3H7A10 for artemisinin will enable development of methods for quantification of artemisinin in Artemisia plants and antimalarial drugs such as Arco and for pharmacokinetic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suqin Guo
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Yongliang Cui
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Kunbi Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Yunnan Agricultural University , Kunming, Yunnan 650201, China
| | - Wei Zhang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Guiyu Tan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Baomin Wang
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University , 100193 Beijing, China
| | - Liwang Cui
- Department of Entomology, Pennsylvania State University , University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, United States
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Multivariate data analysis and metabolic profiling of artemisinin and related compounds in high yielding varieties of Artemisia annua field-grown in Madagascar. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 117:522-31. [PMID: 26476297 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2015] [Accepted: 10/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
An improved liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) protocol for rapid analysis of co-metabolites of A. annua in raw extracts was developed and extensively characterized. The new method was used to analyse metabolic profiles of 13 varieties of A. annua from an in-field growth programme in Madagascar. Several multivariate data analysis techniques consistently show the association of artemisinin with dihydroartemisinic acid. These data support the hypothesis of dihydroartemisinic acid being the late stage precursor to artemisinin in its biosynthetic pathway.
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Wu Y, Liu X, Meng M, Lv P, Yan M, Wei X, Li H, Yan Y, Li C. Bio-inspired adhesion: Fabrication of molecularly imprinted nanocomposite membranes by developing a hybrid organic–inorganic nanoparticles composite structure. J Memb Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2015.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Shukla V, Pala Z, Alok A, Desai N. Screening of Different <i>Artemisia</i> spp. from Western Ghats of Maharashtra for an Anti-Malarial Compound—Artemisinin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.4236/ajps.2015.69162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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25
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Wu Y, Yan M, Yan Y, Liu X, Meng M, Lv P, Pan J, Huo P, Li C. Fabrication and evaluation of artemisinin-imprinted composite membranes by developing a surface functional monomer-directing prepolymerization system. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2014; 30:14789-14796. [PMID: 25420213 DOI: 10.1021/la504336s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Inspired by a surface functional monomer-directing prepolymerization system, a straightforward and effective synthesis method was first developed to prepare highly regenerate and perm-selective molecularly imprinted composite membranes of artemisinin (Ars) molecules. Attributing to the formation of the prepolymerization system, Ars molecules are attracted and bound to the membrane surface, hence promoting the growth of homogeneous and high-density molecular recognition sites on the surface of membrane materials. Afterward, a two-step-temperature imprinting procedure was carried out to prepare the novel surface functional monomer capping molecularly imprinted membranes (FMIMs). The as-prepared FMIMs not only exhibited highly adsorption capacity (11.91 mg g(-1)) but also showed an outstanding specific selectivity (imprinting factor α is 4.50) and excellent perm-selectivity ability (separation factor β is 10.60) toward Ars molecules, which is promising for Ars separation and purification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yilin Wu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangsu University , Zhenjiang 212013, China
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26
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Yuan Y, Liu W, Zhang Q, Xiang L, Liu X, Chen M, Lin Z, Wang Q, Liao Z. Overexpression of artemisinic aldehyde Δ11 (13) reductase gene-enhanced artemisinin and its relative metabolite biosynthesis in transgenicArtemisia annuaL. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2014; 62:17-23. [DOI: 10.1002/bab.1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Yuan
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education); Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweetpotato; School of Life Sciences; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 People's Republic of China
| | - Wanhong Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering; Chongqing University of Science and Technology; Chongqing 401331 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaozhuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education); Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweetpotato; School of Life Sciences; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 People's Republic of China
| | - Lien Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education); Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweetpotato; School of Life Sciences; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoqiang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education); Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweetpotato; School of Life Sciences; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhi Lin
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education); Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweetpotato; School of Life Sciences; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 People's Republic of China
| | - Qiang Wang
- China Rural Technology Development Center; Ministry of Science and Technology; Beijing 100045 People's Republic of China
| | - Zhihua Liao
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Environments in Three Gorges Reservoir Region (Ministry of Education); Chongqing Engineering and Technology Research Center for Sweetpotato; School of Life Sciences; Southwest University; Chongqing 400715 People's Republic of China
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27
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Wu Y, Meng M, Liu X, Li C, Zhang M, Ji Y, Sun F, He Z, Yan Y. Efficient one-pot synthesis of artemisinin-imprinted membrane by direct surface-initiated AGET-ATRP. Sep Purif Technol 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.seppur.2014.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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28
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Anthelmintic activity of Artemisia annua L. extracts in vitro and the effect of an aqueous extract and artemisinin in sheep naturally infected with gastrointestinal nematodes. Parasitol Res 2014; 113:2345-53. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-014-3891-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 04/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Drăgan L, Györke A, Ferreira JFS, Pop IA, Dunca I, Drăgan M, Mircean V, Dan I, Cozma V. Effects of Artemisia annua and Foeniculum vulgare on chickens highly infected with Eimeria tenella (phylum Apicomplexa). Acta Vet Scand 2014; 56:22. [PMID: 24731599 PMCID: PMC3998236 DOI: 10.1186/1751-0147-56-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 04/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Intensive poultry production systems depend on chemoprophylaxis with anticoccidial drugs to combat infection. A floor-pen study was conducted to evaluate the anticoccidial effect of Artemisia annua and Foeniculum vulgare on Eimeria tenella infection. Five experimental groups were established: negative control (untreated, unchallenged); positive control (untreated, challenged); a group medicated with 125 ppm lasalocid and challenged; a group medicated with A. annua leaf powder at 1.5% in feed and challenged; and a group treated with the mixed oils of A. annua and Foeniculum vulgare in equal parts, 7.5% in water and challenged. The effects of A. annua and oil extract of A. annua + F. vulgare on E. tenella infection were assessed by clinical signs, mortality, fecal oocyst output, faeces, lesion score, weight gain, and feed conversion. Results Clinical signs were noticed only in three chickens from the lasalocid group, six from the A. annua group, and nine from the A. annua + F. vulgare group, but were present in 19 infected chickens from the positive control group. Bloody diarrhea was registered in only two chickens from A. annua group, but in 17 chickens from the positive control group. Mortality also occurred in the positive control group (7/20). Chickens treated with A. annua had a significant reduction in faecal oocysts (95.6%; P = 0.027) and in lesion score (56.3%; P = 0.005) when compared to the positive control. At the end of experiment, chickens treated with A. annua leaf powder had the highest body weight gain (68.2 g/day), after the negative control group, and the best feed conversion (1.85) among all experimental groups. Conclusions Our results suggest that A. annua leaf powder (Aa-p), at 1.5% of the daily diet post-infection, can be a valuable alternative for synthetic coccidiostats, such as lasalocid.
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Lu X, Zhang F, Shen Q, Jiang W, Pan Q, Lv Z, Yan T, Fu X, Wang Y, Qian H, Tang K. Overexpression of allene oxide cyclase improves the biosynthesis of artemisinin in Artemisia annua L. PLoS One 2014; 9:e91741. [PMID: 24642483 PMCID: PMC3958394 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0091741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Jasmonates (JAs) are important signaling molecules in plants and play crucial roles in stress responses, secondary metabolites' regulation, plant growth and development. In this study, the promoter of AaAOC, which was the key gene of jasmonate biosynthetic pathway, had been cloned. GUS staining showed that AaAOC was expressed ubiquitiously in A. annua. AaAOC gene was overexpressed under control of 35S promoter. RT-Q-PCR showed that the expression levels of AaAOC were increased from 1.6- to 5.2-fold in AaAOC-overexpression transgenic A. annua. The results of GC-MS showed that the content of endogenous jasmonic acid (JA) was 2- to 4.7-fold of the control level in AaAOC-overexpression plants. HPLC showed that the contents of artemisinin, dihydroartemisinic acid and artemisinic acid were increased significantly in AaAOC-overexpression plants. RT-Q-PCR showed that the expression levels of FPS (farnesyl diphosphate synthase), CYP71AV1 (cytochrome P450 dependent hydroxylase) and DBR2 (double bond reductase 2) were increased significantly in AaAOC-overexpression plants. All data demonstrated that increased endogenous JA could significantly promote the biosynthesis of artemisinin in AaAOC-overexpression transgenic A.annua.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Lu
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Fangyuan Zhang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qian Shen
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weimin Jiang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qifang Pan
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zongyou Lv
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Tingxiang Yan
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueqing Fu
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Qian
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kexuan Tang
- Plant Biotechnology Research Center, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
- * E-mail:
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The effects of combiningArtemisia annuaandCurcuma longaethanolic extracts in broilers challenged with infective oocysts ofEimeria acervulinaandE. maxima. Parasitology 2013; 141:347-55. [DOI: 10.1017/s0031182013001443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARYDue to an increasing demand for natural products to control coccidiosis in broilers, we investigated the effects of supplementing a combination of ethanolic extracts ofArtemisia annuaandCurcuma longain drinking water. Three different dosages of this herbal mixture were compared with a negative control (uninfected), a positive control (infected and untreated), chemical coccidiostats (nicarbazin+narazin and, later, salinomycin), vaccination, and a product based on oregano. Differences in performance (weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion rate), mortality, gross intestinal lesions and oocyst excretion were investigated. Broilers given chemical coccidiostats performed better than all other groups. Broilers given the two highest dosages of the herbal mixture had intermediate lesion scores caused byEimeria acervulina, which was higher than in broilers given coccidiostats, but less than in broilers given vaccination, oregano and in negative controls. There was a trend for lower mortality (P= 0·08) in the later stage of the growing period (23–43 days) in broilers given the highest dosage of herbal mixture compared with broilers given chemical coccidiostats. In conclusion, the delivery strategy of the herbal extracts is easy to implement at farm level, but further studies on dose levels and modes of action are needed.
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Vandercruyssen K, D’Hondt M, Vergote V, Jansen H, Burvenich C, De Spiegeleer B. LC-UV/MS quality analytics of paediatric artemether formulations. J Pharm Anal 2013; 4:37-52. [PMID: 29403867 PMCID: PMC5761056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpha.2013.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly selective and stability-indicating HPLC-method, combined with appropriate sample preparation steps, is developed for β-artemether assay and profiling of related impurities, including possible degradants, in a complex powder for oral suspension. Following HPLC conditions allowed the required selectivity: a Prevail organic acid (OA) column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm), flow rate set at 1.5 mL/min combined with a linear gradient (where A=25 mM phosphate buffer (pH 2.5), and B=acetonitrile) from 30% to 75% B in a runtime of 60 min. Quantitative UV-detection was performed at 210 nm. Acetonitrile was applied as extraction solvent for sample preparation. Using acetonitrile-water mixtures as extraction solvent, a compartmental behaviour by a non-solving excipient-bound fraction and an artemether-solubilising free fraction of solvent was demonstrated, making a mobile phase based extraction not a good choice. Method validation showed that the developed HPLC-method is considered to be suitable for its intended regulatory stability-quality characterisation of β-artemether paediatric formulations. Furthermore, LC-MS on references as well as on stability samples was performed allowing identity confirmation of the β-artemether related impurities. MS-fragmentation scheme of β-artemether and its related substances is proposed, explaining the m/z values of the in-source fragments obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsten Vandercruyssen
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Matthias D’Hondt
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Valentijn Vergote
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Herwig Jansen
- Dafra Pharma International, Slachthuisstraat 30/7, B-2300 Turnhout, Belgium
| | - Christian Burvenich
- Department of Physiology and Biometrics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Bart De Spiegeleer
- Drug Quality and Registration (DruQuaR) group, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +32 9 264 8100; fax: +32 9 264 8193.
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Ghafoori H, Sariri R, Naghavi MR, Aryakia E, Dolatyari A, Fazeli SAS, Ramazani H, Farahmand Z. ANALYSIS OF ARTEMISININ ISOLATED FROM Artemisia Annua L. BY TLC AND HPLC. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2012.685916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H. Ghafoori
- a Department of Biology , University of Guilan , Rasht , Iran
| | - R. Sariri
- a Department of Biology , University of Guilan , Rasht , Iran
| | - M. R. Naghavi
- c Plant Biotechnology Department , University of Tehran , Tehran , Iran
| | - E. Aryakia
- b Plant Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), Research Complex of ACECR (Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research) , Tehran , Iran
| | - A. Dolatyari
- b Plant Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), Research Complex of ACECR (Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research) , Tehran , Iran
| | - S. A. Shahzadeh Fazeli
- b Plant Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), Research Complex of ACECR (Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research) , Tehran , Iran
| | - H. Ramazani
- b Plant Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), Research Complex of ACECR (Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research) , Tehran , Iran
| | - Z. Farahmand
- b Plant Bank, Iranian Biological Resource Center (IBRC), Research Complex of ACECR (Iranian Academic Center for Education, Culture & Research) , Tehran , Iran
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Kong J, Yang Y, Wang W, Cheng K, Zhu P. Artemisinic acid: A promising molecule potentially suitable for the semi-synthesis of artemisinin. RSC Adv 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ra40525g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
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Pilkington JL, Preston C, Gomes RL. The impact of impurities in various crude A. annua extracts on the analysis of artemisinin by liquid chromatographic methods. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2012; 70:136-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2012.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2012] [Revised: 06/07/2012] [Accepted: 06/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Almeida GFD, Horsted K, Thamsborg SM, Kyvsgaard NC, Ferreira JF, Hermansen JE. Use of Artemisia annua as a natural coccidiostat in free-range broilers and its effects on infection dynamics and performance. Vet Parasitol 2012; 186:178-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2011.11.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 11/14/2011] [Accepted: 11/16/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Tian N, Li J, Liu S, Huang J, Li X, Liu Z. Simultaneous isolation of artemisinin and its precursors from Artemisia annua L. by preparative RP-HPLC. Biomed Chromatogr 2011; 26:708-13. [DOI: 10.1002/bmc.1719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Na Tian
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Crop, Natural Products Research Center, College of Horticulture and Hardening; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha; 410128; China
| | - Juan Li
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science; Ministry of Education; Changsha; 410128; China
| | - Shuoqian Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Crop, Natural Products Research Center, College of Horticulture and Hardening; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha; 410128; China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Tea Science; Ministry of Education; Changsha; 410128; China
| | - Xun Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Crop, Natural Products Research Center, College of Horticulture and Hardening; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha; 410128; China
| | - Zhonghua Liu
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of Crop, Natural Products Research Center, College of Horticulture and Hardening; Hunan Agricultural University; Changsha; 410128; China
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Ferreira JFS, Peaden P, Keiser J. In vitro trematocidal effects of crude alcoholic extracts of Artemisia annua, A. absinthium, Asimina triloba, and Fumaria officinalis: trematocidal plant alcoholic extracts. Parasitol Res 2011; 109:1585-92. [PMID: 21562762 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-011-2418-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2011] [Accepted: 04/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Trematode infections negatively affect human and livestock health, and threaten global food safety. The only approved human anthelmintics for trematodiasis are triclabendazole and praziquantel with no alternative drugs in sight. We tested six crude plant extracts against adult Schistosoma mansoni, Fasciola hepatica, and Echinostoma caproni in vitro. Mortality was best achieved by ethanolic extracts of Artemisia annua (sweet Annie), Asimina triloba (paw-paw), and Artemisia absinthium (wormwood) which, at 2 mg/mL, killed S. mansoni and E. caproni in 20 h or less (except for wormwood), F. hepatica between 16 and 23 h (sweet Annie), or 40 h (paw-paw). Some extracts were active at 0.2 mg/mL and 20 μg/mL, although more time was required to kill trematodes. However, aqueous A. annua and methanol extracts of Fumaria officinalis had no activity. Chromatographic analysis of the three best extracts established that A. annua and A. triloba extracts contained bioactive artemisinin and acetogenins (asimicin and bullatacin), respectively. The anthelmintic activity of our extracts at such low doses indicates that their anthelmintic activity deserves further testing as natural alternative controls for parasites of both animals and humans. Our results also support recent evidence that synergistic effects of multiple bioactive compounds present in crude plant extracts is worth exploring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge F S Ferreira
- USDA-ARS, Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, 1224 Airport Rd., Beaver, WV 25813, USA.
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Wang X, Zhao XE, Yang B, Dong H, Liu D, Huang L. A combination of ultrasonic-assisted extraction with RRLC-QQQ method for the determination of artemisinin in the Chinese herb Artemisia annua L. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2011; 22:280-284. [PMID: 21337647 DOI: 10.1002/pca.1277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2010] [Revised: 09/04/2010] [Accepted: 09/04/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Artemisinin, the primary active ingredient of the Chinese herb Artemisia annua L., is known to have considerable anti-malaria properties. However, rapid, sensitive and selective method for the determination of artemisinin in it is not currently available. OBJECTIVE To develop and validate an efficient method for extraction and analysis of artemisinin from the plant samples of Artemisia annua L. by rapid resolution liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry (RRLC-QQQ). METHODOLOGY Following ultrasound-assisted extraction (USE), RRLC-QQQ was utilised to separate and determine artemisinin from the plant sample of Artemisia annua L. The LC separation, QQQ-MS detection and multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode were optimised, and the method validation concluding selectivity, calibration, accuracy and precision, and recovery were also evaluated. RESULTS LC separation was performed with an isocratic elution of 20% of methanol-water (10 mmol/L ammonium acetate, pH 4.0) on a C(18) column. The triple quadrupole MS detection was carried out under MRM mode of precursor ion [M + H]+ → fragment ions m/z 265.1 and m/z 247.2. The limits of detection and quantitation of artemisinin were 0.20 and 0.75 ng/mL, respectively. The intra- and inter-day precisions did not exceed 3.71%, and the deviation of the intra- and inter-day mean values did not exceed ±7.50. The average recoveries for artemisinin ranged from 92.45 to 103.8% with an RSD from 2.47 to 2.79%. CONCLUSION The developed RRLC-QQQ assay is an efficient method for separation and determination of artemisinin from the plant samples of Artemisia annua L.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Material Medical, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, 16 Dongzhimennei Street, Beijing 100700, China
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Olofsson L, Engström A, Lundgren A, Brodelius PE. Relative expression of genes of terpene metabolism in different tissues of Artemisia annua L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2011; 11:45. [PMID: 21388533 PMCID: PMC3063820 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-11-45] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recently, Artemisia annua L. (annual or sweet wormwood) has received increasing attention due to the fact that the plant produces the sesquiterpenoid endoperoxide artemisinin, which today is widely used for treatment of malaria. The plant produces relatively small amounts of artemisinin and a worldwide shortage of the drug has led to intense research in order to increase the yield of artemisinin. In order to improve our understanding of terpene metabolism in the plant and to evaluate the competition for precursors, which may influence the yield of artemisinin, we have used qPCR to estimate the expression of 14 genes of terpene metabolism in different tissues. RESULTS The four genes of the artemisinin biosynthetic pathway (amorpha-4,11-diene synthase, amorphadiene-12-hydroxylase, artemisinic aldehyde ∆11(13) reductase and aldehyde dehydrogenase 1) showed remarkably higher expression (between ~40- to ~500-fold) in flower buds and young leaves compared to other tissues (old leaves, stems, roots, hairy root cultures). Further, dihydroartemisinic aldehyde reductase showed a very high expression only in hairy root cultures. Germacrene A and caryophyllene synthase were mostly expressed in young leaves and flower buds while epi-cedrol synthase was highly expressed in old leaves. 3-Hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl coenzyme A reductase exhibited lower expression in old leaves compared to other tissues. Farnesyldiphosphate synthase, squalene synthase, and 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate reductoisomerase showed only modest variation in expression in the different tissues, while expression of 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase was 7-8-fold higher in flower buds and young leaves compared to old leaves. CONCLUSIONS Four genes of artemisinin biosynthesis were highly expressed in flower buds and young leaves (tissues showing a high density of glandular trichomes). The expression of dihydroartemisinic aldehyde reductase has been suggested to have a negative effect on artemisinin production through reduction of dihydroartemisinic aldehyde to dihydroartemisinic alcohol. However, our results show that this enzyme is expressed only at low levels in tissues producing artemisinin and consequently its effect on artemisinin production may be limited. Finally, squalene synthase but not other sesquiterpene synthases appears to be a significant competitor for farnesyl diphosphate in artemisinin-producing tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Olofsson
- School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Alexander Engström
- School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Anneli Lundgren
- School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Peter E Brodelius
- School of Natural Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39182 Kalmar, Sweden
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Yang B, Cao X. Synthesis of the artemisinin-imprinting polymers on silica surface and its adsorption behavior in supercritical CO2 fluid. AIChE J 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/aic.12547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Ramazani A, Sardari S, Zakeri S, Vaziri B. In vitro antiplasmodial and phytochemical study of five Artemisia species from Iran and in vivo activity of two species. Parasitol Res 2010; 107:593-9. [PMID: 20480374 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1900-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The extract from Artemisia annua, containing artemisinin, has been proven active against multidrug resistant Plasmodium falciparum in previous studies. The purpose of this paper was to study five Artemisia species from Iran for their in vitro and in vivo antimalarial property and detection of artemisinin in the active species by chromatographic and spectroscopic methods including nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Dried plants were extracted by 80% ethanol, and total extracts were investigated for antiplasmodial property and artemisinin content by TLC, HPLC, and (1)H-NMR techniques. Two plants (A. annua L. and Artemisia absinthium L.) showed good antiplasmodial activity against multidrug resistant and sensitive strain of P. falciparum. A. absinthium and A. annua at concentrations of 200 mg/kg for 4 days reduced parasitemia in BALB/C mice infected with Plasmodium bergei by 94.28% and 83.28%, respectively, but we could not detect artemisinin in all plants studied in this research. The antiplasmodial property of these two herbs is possibly related to essential oils that present in high amounts in their extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali Ramazani
- Malaria and Vector Research Group, Biotechnology Research Center, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran
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Martino R, Malet-Martino M, Gilard V, Balayssac S. Counterfeit drugs: analytical techniques for their identification. Anal Bioanal Chem 2010; 398:77-92. [PMID: 20437031 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-010-3748-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2010] [Revised: 04/11/2010] [Accepted: 04/12/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, the number of counterfeit drugs has increased dramatically, including not only "lifestyle" products but also vital medicines. Besides the threat to public health, the financial and reputational damage to pharmaceutical companies is substantial. The lack of robust information on the prevalence of fake drugs is an obstacle in the fight against drug counterfeiting. It is generally accepted that approximately 10% of drugs worldwide could be counterfeit, but it is also well known that this number covers very different situations depending on the country, the places where the drugs are purchased, and the definition of what constitutes a counterfeit drug. The chemical analysis of drugs suspected to be fake is a crucial step as counterfeiters are becoming increasingly sophisticated, rendering visual inspection insufficient to distinguish the genuine products from the counterfeit ones. This article critically reviews the recent analytical methods employed to control the quality of drug formulations, using as an example artemisinin derivatives, medicines particularly targeted by counterfeiters. Indeed, a broad panel of techniques have been reported for their analysis, ranging from simple and cheap in-field ones (colorimetry and thin-layer chromatography) to more advanced laboratory methods (mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, and vibrational spectroscopies) through chromatographic methods, which remain the most widely used. The conclusion section of the article highlights the questions to be posed before selecting the most appropriate analytical approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Martino
- Groupe de RMN Biomédicale, Laboratoire de Synthèse et Physico-Chimie de Molécules d'Intérêt Biologique (SPCMIB), Université de Toulouse, UPS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
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Ferreira JFS, Luthria DL. Drying affects artemisinin, dihydroartemisinic acid, artemisinic acid, and the antioxidant capacity of Artemisia annua L. leaves. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2010; 58:1691-8. [PMID: 20050663 DOI: 10.1021/jf903222j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
There is limited information on how postharvest drying of Artemisia annua affects artemisinin (ART) biosynthesis and A. annua antioxidant capacity. Antioxidants may boost the bioactivity of ART and the crop commercial value. We evaluated the effect of freeze, oven, shade, and sun drying, time of drying, and light intensity on the leaf concentration of ART, dihydroartemisinic acid (DHAA), artemisinic acid (AA), and on the leaf antioxidant capacity. Freeze-dried samples had the lowest ART concentrations as compared to the other drying methods. However, the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay showed that freeze- and oven-dried samples had similarly high antioxidant activities, which declined significantly after plants were shade- and sun-dried. Shade drying for 1, 2, and 3 weeks, under ambient or low light, did not change the ART content but significantly decreased the leaf antioxidant activity, mainly if sun-dried. A significant decrease (82% average) in DHAA was observed for all drying procedures as compared to freeze drying, with a simultaneous, significant increase in ART (33% average). The average bioconversion of DHAA to ART was 43% for oven- and shade-dried plants and 94% for sun-dried plants, reiterating the hypothesis that DHAA, not AA, is the main biosynthetic precursor of ART and suggesting that sun drying improves the bioconversion from DHAA to ART. Data also indicate that oven drying for 24 h at 45 degrees C can provide good levels of both ART and antioxidants in leaves. These findings are valuable for the commercial production of ART and of bioactive antioxidants that might synergize with the antimalarial and anticancer effects of ART when combined in traditional preparations to improve human and animal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge F S Ferreira
- US Department of Agriculture, Appalachian Farming Systems Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, Beaver, West Virginia 25813, USA
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Investigation of porous graphitic carbon at high-temperature liquid chromatography with evaporative light scattering detection for the analysis of the drug combination artesunate—Azithromycin for the treatment of severe malaria. J Chromatogr A 2010; 1217:75-81. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2009.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2009] [Revised: 10/29/2009] [Accepted: 11/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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46
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Hoerger CC, Schenzel J, Strobel BW, Bucheli TD. Analysis of selected phytotoxins and mycotoxins in environmental samples. Anal Bioanal Chem 2009; 395:1261-89. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-009-3088-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2009] [Revised: 08/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/20/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Avula B, Wang YH, Smillie TJ, Mabusela W, Vincent L, Weitz F, Khan IA. Comparison of LC–UV, LC–ELSD and LC–MS Methods for the Determination of Sesquiterpenoids in Various Species of Artemisia. Chromatographia 2009. [DOI: 10.1365/s10337-009-1237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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