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Stea TH, Bonsaksen T, Smith P, Kleppang AL, Steigen AM, Leonhardt M, Lien L, Vettore MV. Are social pressure, bullying and low social support associated with depressive symptoms, self-harm and self-directed violence among adolescents? A cross-sectional study using a structural equation modeling approach. BMC Psychiatry 2024; 24:239. [PMID: 38553669 PMCID: PMC10981317 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-024-05696-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND More in-depth evidence about the complex relationships between different risk factors and mental health among adolescents has been warranted. Thus, the aim of the study was to examine the direct and indirect effects of experiencing social pressure, bullying, and low social support on mental health problems in adolescence. METHODS A school-based cross-sectional study was conducted in 2022 among 15 823 Norwegian adolescents, aged 13-19 years. Structural Equation Modelling was used to assess the relationships between socioeconomic status, social pressure, bullying, social support, depressive symptoms, self-harm and suicide thoughts. RESULTS Poor family economy and low parental education were associated with high pressure, low parental support and depressive symptoms in males and females. Moreover, poor family economy was associated with bullying perpetration and bullying victimization among males and females, and cyberbullying victimization among females, but not males. Low parental education was associated with bullying victimization among males, but not females. Further, high social pressure was associated with depressive symptoms among males and females, whereas high social pressure was linked to self-harm and suicide thoughts among females, but not males. Bullying victimization and cyberbullying victimization were associated with depressive symptoms, self-harm, and suicide thoughts among males and females. Bullying victimization was associated with depressive symptoms among males, but not females, whereas bullying perpetration was linked to self-harm and suicide thoughts among females, but not males. Low parental support was associated with bullying perpetration, bullying victimization, depressive symptoms, self-harm and suicide thoughts among males and females, whereas low parental support was associated with high social pressure among females, but not males. Low teacher support was associated with high social pressure and depressive symptoms. Low support from friends was associated with bullying victimization, depressive symptoms and suicide thoughts among males and females, whereas low support from friends was linked to self-harm among males, but not females. Finally, results showed that depressive symptoms were associated with self-harm and suicide thoughts among males and females. CONCLUSION Low socioeconomic status, social pressure, bullying and low social support were directly and indirectly associated with depressive symptoms and self-directed violence among Norwegian adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tonje Holte Stea
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway.
| | - Tore Bonsaksen
- Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
- Department of Health, VID Specialized University, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Pierre Smith
- Health information service. Epidemiology and public health. Sciensano, Brussels, Belgium
- Institute of Health and Society, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Annette Løvheim Kleppang
- Department of Health and Nursing Science, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Sport Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Anne Mari Steigen
- Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
| | - Marja Leonhardt
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
| | - Lars Lien
- Department of Health and Nursing Sciences, Inland Norway University of Applied Sciences, Elverum, Norway
- Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Concurrent Substance Abuse and Mental Health Disorders, Innlandet Hospital Trust, Brumunddal, Norway
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Chen B, Zhang C, Feng F, Xian H, Zhao Y. The association between social class and aggression: A meta-analytic review. Soc Sci Med 2024; 340:116432. [PMID: 38039768 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2023.116432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE Substantial evidence links social class with aggression. Despite lower social class being recognized as a risk factor for high levels of aggression, the findings of this association have been inconsistent. Some studies have indeed illustrated that a social class level is inversely associated with aggression, while other studies have demonstrated positive or null associations. OBJECTIVE To clarify previously inconsistent findings, this meta-analysis assesses the overall magnitude of this relationship and examines the potential moderators. METHODS A total of 268 studies met the inclusion criteria, and we used 546 effect sizes in 357 independent samples from these studies. A random-effects meta-analytic model was employed and several moderator analyses were conducted. RESULTS Overall, social class shared a small but significant negative relationship with aggression (r = -0.092). Moderator analyses suggested that study-level (e.g., type of study, and national differences), sample-level (e.g., age), class-level (e.g., type, assessment, and source of social class), and aggression-level (e.g., type of aggression) characteristics accounted for heterogeneity in the relationship. Additional analyses also revealed the robustness of these effects with little evidence of publication bias. CONCLUSIONS Living in disadvantaged socioecological environments, lower-class individuals may exhibit more aggression to adapt to threats. Moreover, the relationship between social class and aggression is not fixed and can change with specific contexts, and aggression is not an essential feature of a particular social group. This research hopes to inspire future studies to explore the association between social class and aggression more thoroughly. Additionally, it provides insights into how to reduce aggression among lower-class individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Chen
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Faculty of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Chao Zhang
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Fan Feng
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Hua Xian
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
| | - Yufang Zhao
- Faculty of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Center for Studies of Education and Psychology of Minorities in Southwest China, Southwest University, Chongqing, China.
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3
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Gill A, Felker-Kantor E, Cunningham-Myrie C, Greene LG, Lyew-Ayee P, Atkinson U, Abel W, Anderson SG, Theall KP. Neighborhoods and adolescent polysubstance use in Jamaica. PeerJ 2023; 11:e14297. [PMID: 36815978 PMCID: PMC9933737 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.14297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The purpose of this study was to identify latent classes of polysubstance use among adolescents in Jamaica and the role of neighborhood factors in the association with polysubstance use class membership. Methods This secondary analysis utilized a national cross-sectional household drug use survey conducted across 357 households in Jamaica (April 2016-July 2016) among a total of 4,625 individuals. A total of 750 adolescents (11-17 years) were included in this analysis. Latent class analysis (LCA) was conducted to identify polysubstance use patterns as well as latent neighborhood constructs. Neighborhood factors included social disorganization, concentrated disadvantage, community resources, community violence, and police station concentration. Multinomial regression analysis was implemented to evaluate the association between polysubstance use class membership and latent classes of neighborhood factors. Result The prevalence of lifetime polysubstance use was 27.56%. Four classes of polysubstance use were identified by comparing a series of five class models. The Bootstrap Likelihood Ratio Test (BLRT) indicated a good fit for the four-class model (<0.001). The prevalence of alcohol latent classes was: (1) heavy alcohol users and experimental smokers (Class I) (15.20%), (2) most hazardous polysubstance users (Class II) (5.33%), (3) heavy smokers and moderate alcohol users (Class III) (7.07%), and (4) experimental alcohol users (Class IV) (72.44%). Three classes of neighborhoods were identified by comparing a series of four-class models. The prevalence of the neighborhood classes was: (1) low social disorganization and disadvantage (Class I) (58.93%), (2) high social disorganization and moderate disadvantage (Class II) (10.93%), and (3) high social disorganization related to perceived drug use and disadvantage (Class III) (30.13%). The BLRT indicated a good fit for the three-class model (p = < 0.004). Multinomial regression analysis indicated that adolescents living in neighborhoods with high disorder and moderate disadvantage (Class II) were 2.43 times (odds ratio (OR)) = 2.43, confidence interval (CI)) = 1.30-4.56) more likely to be heavy alcohol users and experimental smokers (Class I) compared to experimental alcohol users, adjusting for sex, age, ethnicity, religion, and income. Class II of neighborhood classes presented with the highest levels of community violence (100%), perceived disorder crime (64.6%), police station concentration (6.7%), and community resources (low resources is 87.6%), while the concentrated disadvantage was moderate (14.8%). Conclusions Alcohol polysubstance use latent classes were identified among youth in this context. Neighborhoods with high disorder and moderate disadvantage (Class II) were associated with a higher likelihood of polysubstance use. The role of neighborhood conditions in shaping adolescent polysubstance use should be considered in policy, prevention, and treatment interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amrita Gill
- Department of Social, Behavioural and Population Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Erica Felker-Kantor
- Department of Social, Behavioural and Population Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
| | - Colette Cunningham-Myrie
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Lisa-Gaye Greene
- Mona Geoinformatics Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Parris Lyew-Ayee
- Mona Geoinformatics Institute, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Uki Atkinson
- Ministry of Health and Wellness, National Council on Drug Abuse, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Wendel Abel
- Department of Community Health and Psychiatry, University of the West Indies, Mona, Kingston, Jamaica
| | - Simon G. Anderson
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom,The George Alleyne Chronic Disease Research Centre, Caribbean Institute of Health Research, University of the West Indies, Cave Hill, Barbados
| | - Katherine P. Theall
- Department of Social, Behavioural and Population Sciences, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America,Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, Tulane University, New Orleans, LA, United States of America
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4
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Moroney E, Lee SS, Ebbert AM, Luthar SS. Digital media use frequency, online behaviors, and risk for negative mental health in adolescents in high-achieving schools. Clin Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 28:237-254. [PMID: 35770791 DOI: 10.1177/13591045221108834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Replicated evidence shows that adolescents enrolled in high-achieving schools exhibit elevated mental health problems relative to national norms, reflecting risk factors such as achievement and social pressures. The frequency of digital media use is similarly a potential risk factor for poor youth mental health, although mediators of this association have not been identified. 2952 youth from three high-achieving U.S. high schools reported the frequency of their digital media use as well as internalizing and externalizing problems and substance use. Using a multiple mediation framework, the frequency of social comparison, receiving negative feedback, and risky self-presentation online each uniquely mediated the association of digital media use with internalizing and externalizing problems in boys and girls; for substance use, risky self-presentation mediated this association in both boys and girls and negative feedback mediated substance use in girls only. Measurable online behaviors in the form of social comparison, negative feedback, and self-presentation may crucially underlie the association of digital media use frequency with socio-emotional development in adolescents. Implications for intervention focused on impacting online behaviors for improving youth mental health are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ashley M Ebbert
- Authentic Connections; University of Southern California, USA
| | - Suniya S Luthar
- Authentic Connections; Columbia University's Teachers College (Emerita), USA
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5
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Tilley JL, Farver JM. Contextual predictors of internalizing and externalizing problems among adolescents from high-achieving private schools in Hong Kong. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY INTERNATIONAL 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/01430343221133499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Emerging research suggests that adolescents at high-achieving schools (HAS) in Western societies are at elevated risk for problem behaviours. This cross-sectional study explored whether adolescents attending HAS in a non-Western setting show similar risk patterns and if contextual (school-, family-, and peer-based) factors typically associated with the excessive pressures to achieve predict these problems. Participants were 237 adolescents (14–18 years old), and one of their parents, who were recruited from high-achieving private schools in Hong Kong. The parent-child dyads completed questionnaires on youth internalizing and externalizing problems and perceived stressors. Multiple linear regressions were conducted to test whether academic demands, parent-related stressors, and social status among peers were associated with youth problem behaviours, after controlling for age and gender. The study found that nearly half of the female adolescents and over a third of the males met borderline-clinical levels (≥ 86%ile) of internalizing problems; moreover, more females than males met clinical criteria (≥ 98%ile) for self-reported externalizing problems and parent-reported internalizing problems. Academic demands, parent-related stressors, and social status among peers predicted youth-reported internalizing problems; and the latter two factors contributed parent-reported internalizing problems. However, only parent-related stressors significantly predicted youth- and parent-reported externalizing problems. The findings provide preliminary indication that HAS adolescents from Hong Kong may be an “at risk” group, highlighting the need for increased awareness and targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacqueline L. Tilley
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Psychology and Child & Human Development Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - JoAnn M. Farver
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA Psychology and Child & Human Development Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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Quinn JS, Roberts ED, Chen WL, Doubledee R, Brown Urban J, Linver MR. Motivating Positive Youth Outcomes Through Proximal, Relevant, and Attainable Inspirational Figures. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/07435584221100813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This paper focuses on data from a study of middle- to upper-middle class Scottish S2 (~seventh grade) students who participated in Inspiring Purpose, a school-based character development program, during the 2016 to 2017 school year. Directed by their teachers, participating youth reflected on values and future aspirations and researched and wrote about an inspiring person. We examine the hypotheses that youth who select a more proximal inspiring figure and/or make a personal connection with that person will demonstrate higher developmental outcomes in the areas of confidence, contribution, self-reflection, goal development, and self-concept. We connected 230 student posters of inspirational figures, 34 youth interviews, and 462 student surveys. Mixed-method analysis revealed students were more likely to describe proximal figures as inspiring and make explicit personal connections over the course of their engagement with the Inspiring Purpose program. Moreover, youth who made personal connections were more likely to score higher on confidence, general self-concept, and contribution. These results suggest that when youth see themselves in inspiring figures and firmly articulate this connection, this can spur beneficial developmental outcomes.
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7
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Sepulveda J, Zhou M, Amorosi A, Rauen J, Boyer M, Liang B, Lund T, Mousseau AD. The R and R of Purpose in College Students: Refining and Redefining Purpose Over Time. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/07435584221093724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This qualitative descriptive study examined the process of purpose development of nine (seven females, two males; Mage = 20.2, age range 18–21 years) college students who completed interviews in fall 2017 and spring 2019 at a private university. Across the two time points, participants engaged in an iterative process that led them to refine (i.e., narrow or specify) or redefine (i.e., change or adapt) their purpose or ultimate aims. Participants used the time between interviews to restructure their purpose in a way that integrated their experiences until they believed their purpose was best aligned with their skills, values, and interests. More specifically, consensual qualitative research analysis revealed seven themes that suggested ways in which participants acted to refine and/or redefine their purposes: (1) clarifying definition of purpose; (2) engaging known strengths or skills; (3) exploring new activities or experiences; (4) identifying a beyond-the-self intention that aligned with their purpose; (5) discerning the fit between their passions and interests with their circumstance or plans; (6) determining whether their strengths and skills aligned well with their purpose; and (7) integrating their passions into their beyond-the-self intention. A supplemental theme was added that outlines researchers’ observations about the features of participants’ purpose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Julia Rauen
- James Madison University, Harrisburg, VA, USA
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8
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Sepulveda JA, Lincoln B, Liang B, Klein T, White AE, Hill N, Perella J. MPOWER: The Impact of a Purpose Program on Adolescents' Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivations. Front Psychol 2021; 12:761580. [PMID: 34975653 PMCID: PMC8717811 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.761580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose has been defined as an active engagement toward goals that are meaningful to the self (i.e., personal meaningfulness) and contribute to the world beyond the self (BTS). These BTS contributions may reflect the intention to meet a wide range of needs from family financial needs to more macro-level concerns, including social injustices. This study investigates the efficacy of a school-based program called MPOWER expressly designed by the authors to cultivate the BTS aspect of purpose. Previous research suggests that the BTS aspect of purpose has beneficial effects on school engagement, goal-setting abilities and orientations, and ultimately school performance. Ninety-four students participated in this study that utilized a randomized, pre-test-post-test between-subjects design to evaluate MPOWER (52 in MPOWER and 42 in the control group). The ANCOVA results indicated a significant increase in the BTS aspect of purpose among program participants, compared to controls. Moreover, participants had higher post-test levels of general self-efficacy and grade point averages, and decreased performance-approach (e.g., playing to be the best, comparing self to others) and performance-avoidance (e.g., avoiding risks of failure, fear of social consequences) goal orientations. Findings can be used to design programs that aim to cultivate students' intentions to contribute to the world beyond themselves, as well as associated personal benefits (i.e., goal orientations, self-efficacy, academic performance).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brenna Lincoln
- Counseling and Developmental Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | - Belle Liang
- Counseling and Developmental Psychology, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, MA, United States
| | | | | | - Nancy Hill
- Graduate School of Education, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, United States
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9
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Highlander AR, Jones DJ. Integrating Objective and Subjective Social Class to Advance Our Understanding of Externalizing Problem Behavior in Children and Adolescents: A Conceptual Review and Model. Clin Child Fam Psychol Rev 2021; 25:300-315. [PMID: 34533656 DOI: 10.1007/s10567-021-00369-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Extant research has identified both objective measures of socioeconomic status (SES) and subjective social class (SSC) as important predictors of psychosocial outcomes in childhood and adolescence, particularly with regard to externalizing symptoms. Given the importance of the associations with SES and SSC, a more nuanced and integrated conceptual understanding of early pathways of vulnerability implicated in the development and maintenance of youth externalizing problems is warranted. Thus, this review will: (1) operationalize both SES and SSC and their current standards of measurement; (2) examine current literature describing their respective associations with a range of externalizing symptoms in both children and adolescents; (3) review current theoretical models connecting SES and SSC and youth development and the strengths and limitations of those approaches; (4) propose a new conceptual socioecological model situating the impact of SES and SSC on youth externalizing problems in the context of parents and peers as a framework to further integrate existing research and guide future work; and (5) discuss potential clinical implications at the intersection of this work.
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Affiliation(s)
- April R Highlander
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Deborah J Jones
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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10
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Sand L, Bøe T, Shafran R, Stormark KM, Hysing M. Perfectionism in Adolescence: Associations With Gender, Age, and Socioeconomic Status in a Norwegian Sample. Front Public Health 2021; 9:688811. [PMID: 34513782 PMCID: PMC8424040 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2021.688811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Perfectionism in adolescence has received increased attention, but few studies have examined this in non-clinical samples. This study investigated perfectionism among adolescents from the general population in relation to demographic factors. Methods: The present study is cross-sectional and draws on the epidemiological youth@hordaland study. The sample consisted of 10.217 adolescents aged 16–19 years (52.9% girls). Self-reported perfectionism was assessed by the EDI-P scale from the Eating Disorder Inventory with two dimensions of perfectionism, namely self-oriented (SOP) and socially prescribed (SPP) perfectionism, and a total score. Perfectionism was analyzed in relation to age, gender, and socioeconomic status (SES) by perceived economic well-being and parental education level. Chi-squared tests, t-tests, and regression analyses were performed. Results: There were few gender differences on the mean scores on perfectionism, with similar levels on the total score of EDI-P and SOP, while girls scored slightly higher on SPP (p < 0.001). The latter gender difference represented a small effect size (Cohen's d = 0.053). Chi-square analyses with perfectionism split at the 90th percentile across gender showed that there were significantly more girls than boys among the high scorers both for EDI-P, EDI-SOP, and EDI-SPP. There were no significant differences between levels of perfectionism between the three age groups. The logistic regression analyses adjusted by age and gender showed that adolescents with a better perceived economic well-being had increased odds of high perfectionism. This was evident for overall EDI-P (OR = 1.760, 95% CI = 1.493–2.076), SOP (OR = 1.543, 95% CI = 1.292–1.843), and SPP (OR = 1.836, 95% CI = 1.559–2.163). Parental education was not significantly associated with perfectionism scores among the adolescents. Conclusions: The levels of perfectionism were relatively similar between the genders in the present study, besides slightly higher SPP among girls than boys. There were also significantly more girls than boys among the high scorers on overall perfectionism, SOP, and SPP, respectively. High perfectionism was related to SES for perceived economic well-being, but not for parental education level. Implications for further research and clinical interventions were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liv Sand
- Division of Psychiatry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway.,Department of Research, Helse Vest Regional Health Authority, The Western Norway Regional Health Authority, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Tormod Bøe
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
| | - Roz Shafran
- University College London Great Ormond Street, Faculty of Population Health Sciences, Institute of Child Health, London, United Kingdom
| | - Kjell Morten Stormark
- Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway.,Department of Health Promotion and Development, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Mari Hysing
- Department of Psychosocial Science, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.,Regional Centre for Child and Youth Mental Health and Child Welfare, NORCE Norwegian Research Centre, Bergen, Norway
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11
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Grugan MC, Hill AP, Madigan DJ, Donachie TC, Olsson LF, Etherson ME. Perfectionism in Academically Gifted Students: A Systematic Review. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10648-021-09597-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Randall ET, Shapiro JB, Smith KR, Jervis KN, Logan DE. Under Pressure to Perform: Impact of Academic Goal Orientation, School Motivational Climate, and School Engagement on Pain and Somatic Symptoms in Adolescents. Clin J Pain 2020; 35:967-974. [PMID: 31513055 DOI: 10.1097/ajp.0000000000000765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Various academic factors are known to influence pain and somatic symptoms in adolescents, but the roles of academic goal orientation, school motivational climate, and school engagement are unknown. This study examined how these understudied academic factors are associated with adolescent pain and somatic symptoms and whether sex moderates the relations. MATERIALS AND METHODS High school students (n=90) from a high-achieving community completed questionnaires assessing academic variables, various pain characteristics, and somatic symptoms. RESULTS The majority of adolescents (67%) experienced pain and somatic symptoms in the past month, with 56% reporting multisite pain and 58% reporting at least 1 severe somatic symptom. Headache and abdominal pain were the most frequently reported "most bothersome" pains, and pain was rated, on average, as moderately severe, typically occurring several times per month, and was primarily chronic in nature (duration, ≥3 mo). Higher levels of ego goal orientation and perceived performance motivational climate were associated with more somatic symptoms, and ego goal orientation was also associated with more intense and frequent pain. Alternatively, greater school engagement was associated with fewer somatic symptoms. Task goal orientation and mastery motivational climate were unassociated with all pain and somatic symptom outcomes. DISCUSSION This study demonstrates that adolescents from a high-achieving community report more somatic symptoms and pain when they are less engaged in school and when their academic focus is on grades and outperforming peers. Results suggest that de-emphasizing competition and performance outcomes may support physical well-being in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edin T Randall
- Pediatric Pain Rehabilitation Program.,Department of Psychiatry.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Jenna B Shapiro
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Ann & Robert H. Lurie Children's Hospital, Chicago, IL
| | - Kelly R Smith
- Department of Psychology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV
| | | | - Deirdre E Logan
- Department of Psychiatry.,Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA.,Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital
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13
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Vacca M, Ballesio A, Lombardo C. The relationship between perfectionism and eating-related symptoms in adolescents: A systematic review. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2020; 29:32-51. [PMID: 32975870 DOI: 10.1002/erv.2793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 08/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The clinical significance of two major aspects of perfectionism, perfectionistic strivings (PS) and perfectionistic concerns (PC), in eating disorders (EDs) symptoms was well-established among adults. However, no systematic review has assessed evidence examining associations between both unidimensional and multidimensional perfectionism and EDs in early and middle adolescence. For this aim, three online databases (PsycINFO, Medline and PsycArticle) were searched for articles published until January 2019, and observational studies were considered. Study quality was systematically appraised, and results were summarized using a narrative synthesis approach. Fifty-one cross-sectional and 28 longitudinal studies were included. Most studies supported the relationship between perfectionism and EDs, with the majority adopting a unidimensional approach for assessing perfectionism. Among studies that employed multidimensional measures of perfectionism, the majority (n = 11) of evidence supported the relationship between eating symptoms and PC, while fewer (n = 5) studies provided significant unique associations with PS. These findings are consistent with the body of research suggesting the strength of the relationship between PC and EDs was greater than between PS and EDs. It was recommended that preventive interventions should be primarily focused on reducing self-critical perfectionism, since it resulted to be the most relevant perfectionistic dimension in the development of eating symptoms in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Ballesio
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Social and Developmental Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences, University of Rome "G. Marconi"-Telematic, Rome, Italy
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14
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Chan G, Connor J, Hall W, Leung J. The changing patterns and correlates of population-level polysubstance use in Australian youth: a multi-group latent class analysis of nationally representative samples spanning 12 years. Addiction 2020; 115:145-155. [PMID: 31357251 DOI: 10.1111/add.14761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
AIMS To (1) identify population-level classes of polysubstance use among young Australians between 2004 and 2016, (2) test if these classes changed over the same period, in terms of class prevalence and probabilities of substance use within each class, and (3) identify demographic and health-related correlates of polysubstance use. DESIGN Repeated cross-sectional nationally representative household surveys. SETTING All Australian states/territories. PARTICIPANTS Young adult samples (aged 18-30 years; 58% females) from the National Drug Strategy Household Surveys (n = 20 350) MEASUREMENTS: Outcomes were the extent of past-year use of 10 licit (e.g. alcohol), and illicit substances (e.g. cannabis) were used to derive polysubstance use classes. The correlates were gender, age, psychological distress, general health, language background, personal income, education level, remoteness of residence and socio-economic index for area of residence. FINDINGS Three polysubstance use classes were consistently identified between 2004 and 2016 (SSABIC: 188349): minimal users (MU, ~60%), mainly tobacco, alcohol and cannabis users (TAC, ~30%) and extended range polysubstance users (POLY, ~10%). There were substantial changes in use of different substances within each class over the study period. For example, smoking decreased in all classes (P < 0.05), while harmful alcohol use only decreased in the first two classes (P < 0.05). Factors associated with TAC and POLY were similar over the study period. These included: being male and having an English-speaking background, a high level of psychological distress, suboptimal health and high personal income. Living in an affluent area was associated with reduced likelihood of being TAC, but an increased likelihood of being POLY. CONCLUSION At the population-level among young Australians between 2004 and 2016, six in 10 did not engage in polysubstance use; four in 10 used a limited range of substances (mainly alcohol, tobacco and cannabis) and one in 10 used an extended range of substances. Over time, the types of substance within the extended polysubstance use class changed substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary Chan
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jason Connor
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,Discipline of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wayne Hall
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia.,National Addiction Centre, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Janni Leung
- Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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15
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Lund TJ, Liang B, Konowitz L, White AE, DeSilva Mousseau A. Quality over quantity?: Mentoring relationships and purpose development among college students. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.22284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Terese J. Lund
- Department of PsychologyWingate University Wingate North Carolina
| | - Belle Liang
- Department of Counseling, Developmental & Educational PsychologyBoston College Chestnut Hill Massechussetts
| | - Lily Konowitz
- Department of Counseling, Developmental & Educational PsychologyBoston College Chestnut Hill Massechussetts
| | - Allison E. White
- Department of Counseling, Developmental & Educational PsychologyBoston College Chestnut Hill Massechussetts
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16
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Ebbert AM, Kumar NL, Luthar SS. Complexities in Adjustment Patterns among the “Best and the Brightest”: Risk and Resilience in the Context of High Achieving Schools. RESEARCH IN HUMAN DEVELOPMENT 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/15427609.2018.1541376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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17
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Starley D. Perfectionism: a challenging but worthwhile research area for educational psychology. EDUCATIONAL PSYCHOLOGY IN PRACTICE 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/02667363.2018.1539949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dawn Starley
- Educational, Child and Community Psychology, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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18
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Loscalzo Y, Rice SPM, Giannini M, Rice KG. Perfectionism and Academic Performance in Italian College Students. JOURNAL OF PSYCHOEDUCATIONAL ASSESSMENT 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0734282918800748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study analyzed the psychometric properties of the Italian translation of both the Short Almost Perfect Scale (SAPS) and the Short Multidimensional Perfectionism Scale (SMPS), and the academic implications of perfectionism on 414 Italian college students aged between 18 and 58 years. Results revealed some limitations with the SAPS factor structure that, once addressed, yielded scores with good internal consistency and convergent validity. The SMPS had adequate psychometric properties. Higher perfectionistic strivings scores were associated with better academic performance and with higher rates of studying. This study provides support for the usefulness of both the SAPS and the SMPS in understanding relationships between different perfectionism dimensions and academic outcomes for Italian students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yura Loscalzo
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Sean P. M. Rice
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University, Vancouver, WA, USA
| | - Marco Giannini
- Department of Health Sciences, School of Psychology, University of Florence, Italy
| | - Kenneth G. Rice
- Center for the Study of Stress, Trauma, and Resilience, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, USA
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19
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Children and Adolescents “Flying Under the Radar”: Understanding, Assessing, and Addressing Hidden Distress Among Students. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89842-1_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
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20
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Youth in High-Achieving Schools: Challenges to Mental Health and Directions for Evidence-Based Interventions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89842-1_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/10/2023]
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21
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Eisenberg ME, Gower AL, McMorris BJ, Rider GN, Coleman E. Emotional Distress, Bullying Victimization, and Protective Factors Among Transgender and Gender Diverse Adolescents in City, Suburban, Town, and Rural Locations. J Rural Health 2018; 35:270-281. [PMID: 29940070 DOI: 10.1111/jrh.12311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Understanding the root causes of the substantial disparities in risk and protective factors among transgender and gender diverse (TGD) adolescents is essential to the development and expansion of resources and supports for this vulnerable population. This study examines differences in emotional distress, bullying victimization, and protective factors among TGD high school students in city, suburban, town, and rural locations. METHODS Data come from a statewide school-based survey conducted in Minnesota in 2016 (n = 2,168 TGD youth). Analysis of covariance models were used to predict the prevalence of multiple indicators of emotional distress, bullying victimization, and protective factors across the 4 location categories, with multiple adjustments. FINDINGS Significant linear trends were observed for 2 emotional distress outcomes and 2 bullying victimization outcomes, with urban TGD students having the lowest rates and rural having the highest prevalences. Additional significant differences in emotional distress were noted, with unexpectedly high rates of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation among suburban students. CONCLUSIONS Helping TGD adolescents in all types of locations identify resources and supportive professionals is critical to supporting this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marla E Eisenberg
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Amy L Gower
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | | | - G Nicole Rider
- Program in Human Sexuality, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Eli Coleman
- Program in Human Sexuality, Department of Family Medicine and Community Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Resilience to Interpersonal Stress: Why Mattering Matters When Building the Foundation of Mentally Healthy Schools. HANDBOOK OF SCHOOL-BASED MENTAL HEALTH PROMOTION 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-89842-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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23
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Pedersen W, Bakken A, von Soest T. Neighborhood or School? Influences on Alcohol Consumption and Heavy Episodic Drinking Among Urban Adolescents. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 47:2073-2087. [PMID: 29185208 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-017-0787-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the relative influences of neighborhood and school on the alcohol socialization process. Survey data from the Young in Oslo Study (N = 10,038, mean age 17.1 years, 52% girls) were used to investigate the details of such influences, using cross-classified multilevel models. School and neighborhood contexts were equally important for ordinary alcohol use; however, neighborhood influences were mainly explained by individual and family factors, whereas peer-based sociocultural processes played a key role in explaining school effects. Neither context had much impact on heavy episodic drinking. The study suggests that "privileged" youth may be at risk of high alcohol consumption. Parental influences and peer-based sociocultural aspects of the school milieu should be considered in prevention efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willy Pedersen
- Department of Sociology and Human Geography, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1096, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway. .,Norwegian Social Research, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Stensberggata 26, Oslo, 0170, Norway.
| | - Anders Bakken
- Norwegian Social Research, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Stensberggata 26, Oslo, 0170, Norway
| | - Tilmann von Soest
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Blindern, 0317, Oslo, Norway.,Norway and Norwegian Social Research, Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Stensberggata, 26, Oslo, 0170, Norway
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Lund TJ, Dearing E, Zachrisson HD. Is Affluence a Risk for Adolescents in Norway? JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR RESEARCH ON ADOLESCENCE 2017; 27:628-643. [PMID: 28776841 DOI: 10.1111/jora.12304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Studies suggest that affluence poses a risk for adolescents, but this has rarely been studied outside the United States. We examined the unique and additive roles of family and school affluence for adolescent outcomes among 10th-grade students (n = 7,203) in Oslo, Norway. Multilevel models were estimated separately by gender. For both boys and girls, school affluence was a risk for alcohol abuse and family affluence was a risk for conduct problems, although for conduct the risk was only at the very highest end of income distribution and adolescents in very poor families were also at risk. There was also a complex pattern of risk for early sexual debut; family affluence posed risk, but school affluence appeared protective.
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25
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Adolescents from upper middle class communities: Substance misuse and addiction across early adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 30:315-335. [PMID: 28558858 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this prospective study of upper middle class youth, we document frequency of alcohol and drug use, as well as diagnoses of abuse and dependence, during early adulthood. Two cohorts were assessed as high school seniors and then annually across 4 college years (New England Study of Suburban Youth younger cohort [NESSY-Y]), and across ages 23-27 (NESSY older cohort [NESSY-O]; ns = 152 and 183 at final assessments, respectively). Across gender and annual assessments, results showed substantial elevations, relative to norms, for frequency of drunkenness and using marijuana, stimulants, and cocaine. Of more concern were psychiatric diagnoses of alcohol/drug dependence: among women and men, respectively, lifetime rates ranged between 19%-24% and 23%-40% among NESSY-Os at age 26; and 11%-16% and 19%-27% among NESSY-Ys at 22. Relative to norms, these rates among NESSY-O women and men were three and two times as high, respectively, and among NESSY-Y, close to one among women but twice as high among men. Findings also showed the protective power of parents' containment (anticipated stringency of repercussions for substance use) at age 18; this was inversely associated with frequency of drunkenness and marijuana and stimulant use in adulthood. Results emphasize the need to take seriously the elevated rates of substance documented among adolescents in affluent American school communities.
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26
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Ciciolla L, Curlee AS, Karageorge J, Luthar SS. When Mothers and Fathers Are Seen as Disproportionately Valuing Achievements: Implications for Adjustment Among Upper Middle Class Youth. J Youth Adolesc 2017; 46:1057-1075. [PMID: 27830404 PMCID: PMC5389911 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-016-0596-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
High achievement expectations and academic pressure from parents have been implicated in rising levels of stress and reduced well-being among adolescents. In this study of affluent, middle school youth, we examined how perceptions of parents' emphases on achievement (relative to prosocial behavior) influenced youth's psychological adjustment and school performance, and examined perceived parental criticism as a possible moderator of this association. The data were collected from 506 (50 % female) middle school students from a predominately white, upper middle class community. Students reported their perceptions of parents' values by rank ordering a list of achievement- and prosocial-oriented goals based on what they believed was most valued by their mothers and fathers for them (the child) to achieve. The data also included students' reports of perceived parental criticism, internalizing symptoms, externalizing symptoms, and self-esteem, as well as school-based data on grade point average and teacher-reported classroom behavior. Person-based analyses revealed six distinct latent classes based on perceptions of both mother and father emphases on achievement. Class comparisons showed a consistent pattern of healthier child functioning, including higher school performance, higher self-esteem, and lower psychological symptoms, in association with low to neutral parental achievement emphasis, whereas poorer child functioning was associated with high parental achievement emphasis. In variable-based analyses, interaction effects showed elevated maladjustment when high maternal achievement emphasis coexisted with high (but not low) perceived parental criticism. Results of the study suggest that to foster early adolescents' well-being in affluent school settings, parents focus on prioritizing intrinsic, prosocial values that promote affiliation and community, at least as much as, or more than, they prioritize academic performance and external achievement; and strive to limit the amount of criticism and pressure they place on their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ciciolla
- Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA.
- Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA.
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27
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Coley RL, Sims J, Dearing E, Spielvogel B. Locating Economic Risks for Adolescent Mental and Behavioral Health: Poverty and Affluence in Families, Neighborhoods, and Schools. Child Dev 2017; 89:360-369. [PMID: 28245340 DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Research has identified risks of both poverty and affluence for adolescents. This study sought to clarify associations between income and youth mental and behavioral health by delineating economic risks derived from family, neighborhood, and school contexts within a nationally representative sample of high school students (N = 13,179, average age 16). Attending schools with more affluent schoolmates was associated with heightened likelihoods of intoxication, drug use, and property crime, but youth at poorer schools reported greater depressive and anxiety symptoms, engagement in violence, and for male adolescents, more frequent violence and intoxication. Neighborhood and family income were far less predictive. Results suggest that adolescent health risks derive from both ends of the economic spectrum, and may be largely driven by school contexts.
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28
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Spencer R, Walsh J, Liang B, Mousseau AMD, Lund TJ. Having It All? A Qualitative Examination of Affluent Adolescent Girls’ Perceptions of Stress and Their Quests for Success. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558416670990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study sought to better understand the relationship between affluence and elevated risk for psychosocial distress among adolescent girls. In-depth qualitative interviews at two time points with three cohorts of girls (sixth-, eighth-, and 10th grade; T1 n = 57, T2 n = 58) from two independent girls schools Grades 6 to 12, along with their parents, and their teachers were conducted. Through narrative thematic analysis, four overarching sources of significant stress were identified: (a) pervasive experiences of pressures to perform, (b) narrow constructions of success, (c) peer competition, and (d) misalignments in expectations between some girls and their parents. These pressures were even more heightened among the older girls. Although all of the girls reported experiencing these stressors, those girls who reported a more other-oriented sense of purpose also reported stronger connections with peers and seemed better able to manage the pressures.
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DeSilva Mousseau AM, Lund TJ, Liang B, Spencer R, Walsh J. Stressed and Losing Sleep: Sleep Duration and Perceived Stress Among Affluent Adolescent Females. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/0161956x.2016.1227186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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30
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Liang B, Lund TJ, Mousseau AMD, Spencer R. THE MEDIATING ROLE OF ENGAGEMENT IN MENTORING RELATIONSHIPS AND SELF-ESTEEM AMONG AFFLUENT ADOLESCENT GIRLS. PSYCHOLOGY IN THE SCHOOLS 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/pits.21949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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