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Kwon JH, Kim DK, Cho YE, Kwun IS. Zinc Action in Vascular Calcification. Prev Nutr Food Sci 2024; 29:118-124. [PMID: 38974586 PMCID: PMC11223917 DOI: 10.3746/pnf.2024.29.2.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2024] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 07/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Although zinc's involvement in bone calcification is well-established, its role in vascular calcification, characterized by abnormal calcium and phosphorus deposition in soft tissues and a key aspect of various vascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, remains unclear. This review focuses on zinc's action in vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification, including the vascular calcification mechanism. Accumulated research has indicated that zinc deficiency induces calcification in VSMCs and the aorta, primarily through apoptosis accompanied by a downregulation of smooth muscle cell markers. Moreover, zinc deficiency-induced vascular calcification operates independently of the action of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, typically associated with osteogenic processes, but is partly regulated via inorganic phosphate transporter-1 (Pit-1). To date, research has shown that zinc regulates vascular calcification through a mechanism distinct from that of osteogenic calcification, providing insight into its dual effects on physiological and pathological calcification and thereby explaining the "zinc paradox," wherein zinc simultaneously increases osteoblastic calcification and decreases VSMC calcification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hee Kwon
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
| | - Do-Kyun Kim
- Korea Zoonosis Research Institute, Jeonbuk National University, Iksan 54531, Korea
| | - Young-Eun Cho
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
| | - In-Sook Kwun
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Andong National University, Andong 36729, Korea
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2
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Zhang H, Wang S, Gu X, Qiu H, Zhang Y. L-shaped association between dietary zinc intake and the risk of developing cardiovascular disease in Chinese adults: A cohort study. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1032048. [PMID: 37006929 PMCID: PMC10064069 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1032048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BackgroundAlthough the association of zinc (Zn) with cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been studied, no consensus has been reached on this relationship, particularly dietary Zn intake. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of dietary Zn intake on the risk of CVD and to analyze whether this effect varied according to zinc consumption using representative data from China.Methods11,470 adults from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS) were eventually enrolled. The dietary information was collected by the 3 day 24-h dietary recalls combined with dietary weighting method. CVD was defined as participants with self-reported physician-diagnosed apoplexy and/or myocardial infarction during the follow-up. Cox regression was used to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) of CVD with 95% confidence intervals. Restricted cubic spline function plus Cox regression was used to visualize the influence trend of dietary Zn intake on new-onset CVD and to test whether this trend is linear. 2-segment Cox regression was established to address the nonlinear trend.Results431 participants developed CVD, including 262 strokes and 197 myocardial infarctions. Compared with the lowest quintile (Q1), the adjusted hazard ratios and 95% confidence interval (CI) of CVD in Q2 to Q5 of dietary Zn intake were 0.72 (0.54, 0.97), 0.59 (0.42, 0.81), 0.50 (0.34, 0.72) and 0.44 (0.27, 0.71), respectively. The influence trend of dietary Zn intake on new-onset CVD was nonlinear and L-shaped. When dietary Zn intake <13.66 mg/day, increased dietary Zn intake was significantly associated with decreased risk of developing CVD (HR = 0.87, 95% CI: 0.82–0.92, p-value <0.0001).ConclusionAn L-shaped trend was observed between dietary Zn intake and the risk of developing CVD, indicating that dietary Zn intake should be improved moderately, but not excessively, for the benefit of cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanxiang Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- The first Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
| | - Shanjie Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xia Gu
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Hongbin Qiu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- The first Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- Hongbin Qiu,
| | - Yiying Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- The first Affiliated Hospital of Jiamusi University, Jiamusi, China
- *Correspondence: Yiying Zhang,
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Nessabian S, Zarei A, Chamani M, Sadeghi AA, Seidavi A. Effects of different levels of zinc-glycine and zinc hydroxide on the performance, carcass quality, immunity and duodenum morphometric of the broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2021.1953408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shahram Nessabian
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Zarei
- Department of Animal Science, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chamani
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Asghar Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Seidavi
- Department of Animal Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran
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4
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Knez M, Glibetic M. Zinc as a Biomarker of Cardiovascular Health. Front Nutr 2021; 8:686078. [PMID: 34395491 PMCID: PMC8360846 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.686078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The importance of zinc (Zn) for cardiovascular health continuously gains recognition. As shown earlier, compromised Zn homeostasis and prolonged inflammation are common features in various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Similarly, Zn biochemistry alters several vascular processes, and Zn status is an important feature of cardiovascular health. Zn deficiency contributes to the development of CVDs; thus, Zn manipulations, including Zn supplementation, are beneficial for preventing and treating numerous cardiovascular (CV) disorders. Finally, additional long-term, well-designed studies, performed in various population groups, should be pursued to further clarify significant relationships between Zn and CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Knez
- Centre of Research Excellence in Nutrition and Metabolism, National Institute for Medical Research, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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5
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Association of Zinc Deficiency with Development of CVD Events in Patients with CKD. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13051680. [PMID: 34063377 PMCID: PMC8156917 DOI: 10.3390/nu13051680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Deficiency of the micronutrient zinc is common in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of this review is to summarize evidence presented in literature for consolidation of current knowledge regarding zinc status in CKD patients, including those undergoing hemodialysis. Zinc deficiency is known to be associated with various risk factors for cardiovascular disease (CVD), such as increased blood pressure, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, inflammation, and oxidative stress. Zinc may protect against phosphate-induced arterial calcification by suppressing activation of nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B. Serum zinc levels have been shown to be positively correlated with T50 (shorter T50 indicates higher calcification propensity) in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus as well as those with CKD. Additionally, higher intake of dietary zinc was associated with a lower risk of severe abdominal aortic calcification. In hemodialysis patients, the beneficial effects of zinc supplementation in relation to serum zinc and oxidative stress levels was demonstrated in a meta-analysis of 15 randomized controlled trials. Thus, evidence presented supports important roles of zinc regarding antioxidative stress and suppression of calcification and indicates that zinc intake/supplementation may help to ameliorate CVD risk factors in CKD patients.
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Khazdouz M, Djalalinia S, Sarrafi Zadeh S, Hasani M, Shidfar F, Ataie-Jafari A, Asayesh H, Zarei M, Gorabi AM, Noroozi M, Qorbani M. Effects of Zinc Supplementation on Cardiometabolic Risk Factors: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials. Biol Trace Elem Res 2020; 195:373-398. [PMID: 31494808 DOI: 10.1007/s12011-019-01870-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of cardiometabolic risk factors has been increasing worldwide. The results of reported studies on the effects of zinc supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors are unequivocal. This systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted to evaluate the effects of zinc supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors. A systematic search was conducted through international databases (PubMed/Medline, Institute of Scientific Information, and Scopus) until December 2018 to include all randomized controlled trials (RCT), quasi-RCT, and controlled clinical trials which assessed the effect of zinc supplementation on cardiometabolic risk factors including lipid profile, glycemic indices, blood pressure, and anthropometric indices. Random- or fixed-effects meta-analysis method was used to estimate the standardized mean difference (SMD) and 95% confidence interval (CI). A total of 20 studies were included in the meta-analysis, which included a total of 1141 participants in the intervention group. Meta-analysis showed that zinc supplementation significantly decreased plasma levels of triglyceride (SMD - 0.66, 95% CI - 1.27, - 0.06), very-low-density lipoprotein (SMD - 1.59, 95% CI - 2.86, - 0.31), and total cholesterol (SMD - 0.65, 95% CI - 1.15, - 0.15). Similarly, zinc supplementation significantly decreased fasting blood glucose (SMD - 0.52, 95% CI - 0.96, - 0.07) and HbA1c (SMD - 0.64, 95% CI - 1.27, - 0.02). The effects of zinc supplementation on blood pressure and anthropometric indices were not statistically significant (P > 0.05). Zinc supplements had beneficial effects on glycemic indices and lipid profile. Thus, it appeared that zinc supplementation might be associated with a decrease in cardiometabolic risk factors contributing to a reduction in risk of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Khazdouz
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shirin Djalalinia
- Development of Research & Technology Center, Deputy of Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Sarrafi Zadeh
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Motahareh Hasani
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzad Shidfar
- School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Asal Ataie-Jafari
- Department of Nutrition, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asayesh
- Department of Medical Emergencies, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
| | - Maryam Zarei
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Armita Mahdavi Gorabi
- Department of Basic and Clinical Research, Tehran Heart Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Noroozi
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mostafa Qorbani
- Non-communicable Diseases Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran.
- Chronic Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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7
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Acute dietary zinc deficiency in rats exacerbates myocardial ischaemia–reperfusion injury through depletion of glutathione. Br J Nutr 2019; 121:961-973. [DOI: 10.1017/s0007114519000230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
AbstractZn plays an important role in maintaining the anti-oxidant status within the heart and helps to counter the acute redox stress that occurs during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion. Individuals with low Zn levels are at greater risk of developing an acute myocardial infarction; however, the impact of this on the extent of myocardial injury is unknown. The present study aimed to compare the effects of dietary Zn depletion with in vitro removal of Zn (N,N,N′,N′-tetrakis(2-pyridinylmethyl)-1,2-ethanediamine (TPEN)) on the outcome of acute myocardial infarction and vascular function. Male Sprague–Dawley rats were fed either a Zn-adequate (35 mg Zn/kg diet) or Zn-deficient (<1 mg Zn/kg diet) diet for 2 weeks before heart isolation. Perfused hearts were subjected to a 30 min ischaemia/2 h reperfusion (I/R) protocol, during which time ventricular arrhythmias were recorded and after which infarct size was measured, along with markers of anti-oxidant status. In separate experiments, hearts were challenged with the Zn chelator TPEN (10 µm) before ischaemia onset. Both dietary and TPEN-induced Zn depletion significantly extended infarct size; dietary Zn depletion was associated with reduced total cardiac glutathione (GSH) levels, while TPEN decreased cardiac superoxide dismutase 1 levels. TPEN, but not dietary Zn depletion, also suppressed ventricular arrhythmias and depressed vascular responses to nitric oxide. These findings demonstrate that both modes of Zn depletion worsen the outcome from I/R but through different mechanisms. Dietary Zn deficiency, resulting in reduced cardiac GSH, is the most appropriate model for determining the role of endogenous Zn in I/R injury.
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Zalewski PD, Beltrame JF, Wawer AA, Abdo AI, Murgia C. Roles for endothelial zinc homeostasis in vascular physiology and coronary artery disease. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2018; 59:3511-3525. [PMID: 29999409 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2018.1495614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The discovery of the roles of nitric oxide (NO) in cardiovascular signaling has led to a revolution in the understanding of cardiovascular disease. A new perspective to this story involving zinc (Zn) is emerging. Zn and its associated Zn transporter proteins are important for the integrity and functions of both the large conduit vessels and the microvascular resistance vessels. The Zn and NO pathways are tightly coordinated. Zn ions are required for the dimerization of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and subsequent generation of NO while generation of NO leads to a rapid mobilization of endothelial Zn stores. Labile Zn may mediate important downstream actions of NO including vascular cytoprotection and vasodilation. Several vascular disease risk factors (including aging, smoking and diabetes) interfere with Zn homeostatic mechanisms and both hypozincaemia and Zn transporter protein abnormalities are linked to atherosclerosis and microvascular disease. Some vegetarian diets and long-term use of certain anti-hypertensives may also impact on Zn status. The available evidence supports the existence of a Zn regulatory pathway in the vascular wall that is coupled to the generation and actions of NO and which is compromised in Zn deficiency with consequent implications for the pathogenesis and therapy of vascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- P D Zalewski
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville, South Australia
| | - J F Beltrame
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville, South Australia
| | - A A Wawer
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville, South Australia
| | - A I Abdo
- Discipline of Medicine, University of Adelaide, The Queen Elizabeth Hospital and the Basil Hetzel Institute for Translational Health Research, Woodville, South Australia
| | - C Murgia
- Department of Nutrition, Dietetics and Food, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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9
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Chen J, Wang S, Luo M, Zhang Z, Dai X, Kong M, Cai L, Wang Y, Shi B, Tan Y. From the Cover: Zinc Deficiency Worsens and Supplementation Prevents High-Fat Diet Induced Vascular Inflammation, Oxidative Stress, and Pathological Remodeling. Toxicol Sci 2016; 153:124-36. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfw110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
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10
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Ranasinghe P, Wathurapatha WS, Ishara MH, Jayawardana R, Galappatthy P, Katulanda P, Constantine GR. Effects of Zinc supplementation on serum lipids: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2015; 12:26. [PMID: 26244049 PMCID: PMC4523910 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-015-0023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Zinc is a mineral that plays a vital role in many biological processes and plays an important role in insulin action and carbohydrate metabolism. It may also have a protective role in the prevention of atherogenesis. Numerous studies have evaluated the effects of Zinc supplementation on serum lipids in humans and have demonstrated varying results. We systematically evaluated the literature and performed a meta-analysis on the effects of Zinc supplementation on serum lipids. A five staged comprehensive search of the literature was conducted in the following databases; PubMed, Web of Science and SciVerse Scopus for studies published before 31st December 2014. All controlled clinical trial in humans, that included a Zinc supplement intervention, either alone or in combination with other micronutrients and evaluated effects on serum lipids (total cholesterol [TC], triglycerides [TG], LDL cholesterol [LDL-c] and HDL cholesterol [HDL-c]). A meta-analysis of selected studies was performed using RevMan v5.3. The Jaded scale was used to assess the methodological quality of the trials included in the systematic review. A total of 24 studies were included in Meta analysis, which included a total of 33 Zinc interventions, in a total of 14,515 participants in the Zinc intervention or control group. The duration of Zinc supplementation ranged from 1 month to 7.5 years. The dose of elemental Zinc supplemented ranged from 15–240 mg/day. The pooled mean difference for TC between Zinc supplemented and placebo groups from random effects analysis was −10.92 mg/dl (95 % CI: −15.33, −6.52; p < 0.0001, I2 = 83 %), while for HDL cholesterol it was 2.12 mg/dl (95 % CI: −0.74, 4.98; p = 0.15, I2 = 83 %). The pooled mean difference for LDL-c between Zinc supplemented and placebo group from random effect analysis was −6.87 mg/dl (95 % CI: −11.16,-2.58; p < 0.001, I2 = 31) and for TG it was −10.92 mg/dl (95 % CI: −18.56, − 3.28; p < 0.01, I2 = 69 %). In conclusion, Zinc supplementation has favourable effects on plasma lipid parameters. Zinc supplementation significantly reduced total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides. Therefore it may have the potential to reduce the incidence of atherosclerosis related morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanga Ranasinghe
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - W S Wathurapatha
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - M H Ishara
- Ministry of Health Care and Nutrition, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - R Jayawardana
- Institute of Health and Biomedical Innovation, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland Australia ; Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - P Galappatthy
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - P Katulanda
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
| | - G R Constantine
- Diabetes Research Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Colombo, Colombo, Sri Lanka
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Foster M, Chu A, Petocz P, Samman S. Effect of vegetarian diets on zinc status: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in humans. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2362-2371. [PMID: 23595983 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2012] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant-based diets contain less saturated fat and cholesterol and more folate, fibre and phytochemicals than omnivorous diets, but some micronutrients, especially zinc, are poorly bioavailable. The findings of studies exploring the zinc intake and zinc status in populations that habitually consume vegetarian diets are inconsistent. This study aims to investigate the effects of plant-based diets on dietary zinc intake and status in humans using systematic review and meta-analysis techniques. Thirty-four studies were included in the systematic review. Of these, 26 studies (reporting 48 comparisons) compared males and/or females consuming vegetarian diets with non-vegetarian groups and were included in meta-analyses. Dietary zinc intakes and serum zinc concentrations were significantly lower (-0.88 ± 0.15 mg day(-1), P < 0.001 and -0.93 ± 0.27 µmol L(-1), P = 0.001 respectively; mean ± standard error) in populations that followed habitual vegetarian diets compared with non-vegetarians. Secondary analyses showed greater impact of vegetarian diets on the zinc intake and status of females, vegetarians from developing countries and vegans. Populations that habitually consume vegetarian diets have low zinc intakes and status. Not all vegetarian categories impact zinc status to the same extent, but a lack of consistency in defining vegetarian diets for research purposes makes dietary assessment difficult. Dietary practices that increase zinc bioavailability, the consumption of foods fortified with zinc or low-dose supplementation are strategies that should be considered for improving the zinc status of vegetarians with low zinc intakes or serum zinc concentrations at the lower end of the reference range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meika Foster
- Discipline of Nutrition and Metabolism, School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ou O, Allen‐Redpath K, Urgast D, Gordon M, Campbell G, Feldmann J, Nixon GF, Mayer C, Kwun I, Beattie JH. Plasma zinc's alter ego is a low‐molecular‐weight humoral factor. FASEB J 2013; 27:3672-82. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.13-228791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ou Ou
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | | | - Dagmar Urgast
- Trace Element Speciation LaboratoryUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | | | - Gill Campbell
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | - Jörg Feldmann
- Trace Element Speciation LaboratoryUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
| | | | | | - In‐Sook Kwun
- Department of Food Science and NutritionAndong National UniversityAndongKyungbookSouth Korea
| | - John H. Beattie
- Rowett Institute of Nutrition and HealthUniversity of AberdeenAberdeenUK
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Allen-Redpath K, Ou O, Beattie JH, Kwun IS, Feldmann J, Nixon GF. Marginal dietary zinc deficiency in vivo induces vascular smooth muscle cell apoptosis in large arteries. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 99:525-34. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Alcantara EH, Shin MY, Feldmann J, Nixon GF, Beattie JH, Kwun IS. Long-term zinc deprivation accelerates rat vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation involving the down-regulation of JNK1/2 expression in MAPK signaling. Atherosclerosis 2013; 228:46-52. [PMID: 23466072 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2013.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Revised: 12/30/2012] [Accepted: 01/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accelerated proliferation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is a contributor for atherosclerosis by thickening the vascular wall. Since zinc modulation of VSMC proliferation has not been clarified, this study investigated whether zinc affects VSMC proliferation. METHODS AND RESULTS Both a rat aorta origin vascular smooth muscle cell line (A7r5 VSMCs) and primary VSMCs which were collected from rat aorta (pVSMCs) were cultured with zinc (0-50 μM Zn) for short- (≤12 d) and long-term (28 d) periods under normal non-calcifying (0 or 1 mM P) or calcifying (>2 mM P) P conditions. Mouse vascular endothelial cells (MS I cells) were also cultured (under 0-50 μM Zn and 10 mM P for 20 d) to compare with VSMC cultures. While during short-term culture of VSMCs, zinc deprivation decreased cell proliferation in a zinc-concentration manner both under non-calcifying and calcifying conditions in A7r5 and pVSMCs (P < 0.05), during long-term cultures (28 d), A7r5 VSMC proliferation was inversely related to medium zinc concentration under normal physiological P conditions (regression coefficient r(2) = -0.563, P = 0.012). The anti-cell proliferative effect of zinc supplementation (>50 μM) was VSMC-specific. Long-term (35 d), low zinc treatment down-regulated JNK expression and activation, while not affecting ERK1/2 MAPK signaling in A7r5 VSMCs. CONCLUSION The results showed that chronic zinc deprivation accelerated VSMC proliferation, perhaps due to down-regulation of MAPK-JNK signaling, and that the anti-cell proliferative role of zinc is VSMC-specific. The findings suggested that zinc may have anti-VSMC proliferative properties in atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ethel H Alcantara
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Andong National University, 388 Songchundong, Andong, Kyungbook 760-749, South Korea.
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Abstract
Zinc(II) ions are catalytic, structural, and regulatory cofactors in proteins. In contrast to painstakingly collecting the pieces by isolating and characterizing zinc proteins, 'omics' approaches are now allowing us to tease out information about zinc proteins from genomes and to piece together the information to a broader knowledge and appreciation of the role of zinc in biology. Estimates for the number of zinc proteins in the human genome and in genomes of other organisms have been derived from a bioinformatics approach: mining sequence databases for homologies of known zinc-coordination motifs with characteristic ligand signatures for metal binding and combining this information with the knowledge about metal-binding domains of proteins. This approach resulted in an impressive number of almost 3000 human zinc proteins and made major contributions to our understanding of the composition of the zinc proteome and the functions of zinc proteins. However, the impact of zinc on protein science is even greater. Predictions do not include yet undiscovered ligand signatures, coordination environments that employ complex binding patterns with nonsequential binding of ligands and ligand bridges, zinc/protein interactions at protein interfaces, and transient interactions of zinc(II) ions with proteins that are not known to be zinc proteins. All this information and recent discoveries of how cellular zinc is controlled and how zinc(II) ions function as signaling ions add an hitherto unrecognized dimension to the zinc proteome of multicellular eukaryotic organisms. Zinc proteomics employs a combination of approaches from different disciplines, such as bioinformatics, biology, inorganic biochemistry, and significantly, analytical and structural chemistry. It provides crucial large-scale datasets for interpreting the roles of zinc in health and disease at both a molecular and a global, systems biology, level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wolfgang Maret
- King's College London, School of Medicine, Diabetes and Nutritional Sciences Division, Metal Metabolism Group, London, SE1 9NH, UK,
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Abstract
The vast knowledge of the physiologic functions of zinc in at least 3000 proteins and the recent recognition of fundamental regulatory functions of zinc(II) ions released from cells or within cells links this nutritionally essential metal ion to numerous diseases. However, this knowledge so far has had remarkably limited impact on diagnosing, preventing, and treating human diseases. One major roadblock is a lack of suitable biomarkers that would detect changes in cellular zinc metabolism and relate them to specific disease outcomes. It is not only the right amount of zinc in the diet that maintains health. At least as important is the proper functioning of the dozens of proteins that control cellular zinc homeostasis, regulate intracellular traffic of zinc between the cytosol and vesicles/organelles, and determine the fluctuations of signaling zinc(II) ions. Cellular zinc deficiencies or overloads, a term referring to zinc concentrations exceeding the cellular zinc buffering capacity, compromise the redox balance. Zinc supplementation may not readily remedy zinc deficiency if other factors limit the capability of a cell to control zinc. The role of zinc in human diseases requires a general understanding of the wide spectrum of functions of zinc, how zinc is controlled, how it interacts with the metabolism of other metal ions, in particular copper and iron, and how perturbation of specific zinc-dependent molecular processes causes disease and influences the progression of disease.
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Beattie JH, Gordon MJ, Duthie SJ, McNeil CJ, Horgan GW, Nixon GF, Feldmann J, Kwun IS. Suboptimal dietary zinc intake promotes vascular inflammation and atherogenesis in a mouse model of atherosclerosis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2012; 56:1097-105. [PMID: 22760982 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Cardiovascular health is strongly influenced by diet. Zinc has antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties but its long-term influence on vascular health at dietary intake levels relevant to the human population in developed countries has not been studied. We investigated the influence of suboptimal zinc intake in a Western-type diet on the development of vascular inflammation and arterial plaque in apoE knock-out (AEKO) mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Weanling AEKO and wild-type (WT) controls were given high saturated fat (21% w/w) and high cholesterol (0.15%) semi-synthetic diets containing 3 or 35 mg Zn/kg (AEKO and WT) or 8 mg Zn/kg (AEKO only) for over 6 months. AEKO mice on zinc intakes of 3 and 8 mg Zn/kg (suboptimal zinc) developed significantly (p < 0.05) more aortic plaque than AEKO mice consuming 35 mg Zn/kg (adequate zinc). Circulating levels of interleukin-1β, interleukin-6 and soluble vascular adhesion molecule-1 were significantly (p < 0.05) raised at the lowest zinc intake in AEKO mice, as compared to zinc-adequate controls. Plasma total cholesterol and total protein were also significantly (p < 0.05) increased at the lowest zinc intake. CONCLUSION We propose that suboptimal dietary zinc intake raises circulating pro-atherogenic lipoprotein levels that promote vascular inflammation and enhance arterial plaque formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Beattie
- Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
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Beattie JH, Nicol F, Gordon MJ, Reid MD, Cantlay L, Horgan GW, Kwun IS, Ahn JY, Ha TY. Ginger phytochemicals mitigate the obesogenic effects of a high-fat diet in mice: a proteomic and biomarker network analysis. Mol Nutr Food Res 2011; 55 Suppl 2:S203-13. [PMID: 21954187 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201100193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 07/04/2011] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Natural dietary anti-obesogenic phytochemicals may help combat the rising global incidence of obesity. We aimed to identify key hepatic pathways targeted by anti-obsogenic ginger phytochemicals fed to mice. METHODS AND RESULTS Weaning mice were fed a high-fat diet containing 6-gingerol (HFG), zerumbone (HFZ), a characterized rhizome extract of the ginger-related plant Alpinia officinarum Hance (high fat goryankang, HFGK) or no phytochemicals (high-fat control, HFC) for 6 wks and were compared with mice on a low-fat control diet (LFC). Increased adiposity in the HFC group, compared with the LFC group, was significantly (p<0.05) reduced in the HFG and HFGK groups without food intake being affected. Correlation network analysis, including a novel residuals analysis, was utilized to investigate relationships between liver proteomic data, lipid and cholesterol biomarkers and physiological indicators of adiposity. 6-Gingerol significantly increased plasma cholesterol but hepatic farnesyl diphosphate synthetase, which is involved in cholesterol biosynthesis was decreased, possibly by negative feedback. Acetyl-coenzyme A acyltransferase 1 and enoyl CoA hydratase, which participate in the β-oxidation of fatty acids were significantly (p<0.05) increased by consumption of phytochemical-supplemented diets. CONCLUSION Dietary ginger phytochemicals target cholesterol metabolism and fatty acid oxidation in mice, with anti-obesogenic but also hypercholesterolemic consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- John H Beattie
- Division of Lifelong Health, Rowett Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Aberdeen, Bucksburn, Aberdeen, Scotland, UK.
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Micronutrients deficiency and associated sociodemographic factors in Chinese children. World J Pediatr 2011; 7:217-23. [PMID: 21822989 PMCID: PMC4247338 DOI: 10.1007/s12519-011-0317-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 06/20/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although the prevalence of malnutrition has decreased, micronutrient deficiency still exists among children. While iron level has been studied, limited information on serum levels of zinc in Chinese children is available. This study aims to describe the status of micronutrients and its association with sociodemographic factors, and to assess associated risk factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was performed on 1375 Chinese preschool children. Venous blood samples were collected and analyzed for zinc and iron by atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Sociodemographic information was obtained from self-administered questionnaires given to the parents. RESULTS The high prevalence of low serum zinc (38.2%) and iron (24.3%) was found. Children from rural preschools had the lowest zinc levels, whereas those from urban preschools had the lowest iron levels. Children living in small houses had the highest prevalence of low serum zinc (47.1%), and children from small families (≤3 persons) had a higher prevalence of low serum zinc than those from large families (41.8% vs. 34.1%). CONCLUSIONS Our findings in the recent socioeconomic development of China suggest the need for continuous monitoring of nutritional factors and highlight the importance of public health implication in preschool children even in developed regions.
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Moore JB, Weeks ME. Proteomics and systems biology: current and future applications in the nutritional sciences. Adv Nutr 2011; 2:355-64. [PMID: 22332076 PMCID: PMC3125684 DOI: 10.3945/an.111.000554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
In the last decade, advances in genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics have yielded large-scale datasets that have driven an interest in global analyses, with the objective of understanding biological systems as a whole. Systems biology integrates computational modeling and experimental biology to predict and characterize the dynamic properties of biological systems, which are viewed as complex signaling networks. Whereas the systems analysis of disease-perturbed networks holds promise for identification of drug targets for therapy, equally the identified critical network nodes may be targeted through nutritional intervention in either a preventative or therapeutic fashion. As such, in the context of the nutritional sciences, it is envisioned that systems analysis of normal and nutrient-perturbed signaling networks in combination with knowledge of underlying genetic polymorphisms will lead to a future in which the health of individuals will be improved through predictive and preventative nutrition. Although high-throughput transcriptomic microarray data were initially most readily available and amenable to systems analysis, recent technological and methodological advances in MS have contributed to a linear increase in proteomic investigations. It is now commonplace for combined proteomic technologies to generate complex, multi-faceted datasets, and these will be the keystone of future systems biology research. This review will define systems biology, outline current proteomic methodologies, highlight successful applications of proteomics in nutrition research, and discuss the challenges for future applications of systems biology approaches in the nutritional sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Bernadette Moore
- Nutritional Sciences Division, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey, GU2 7XH, UK,To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| | - Mark E. Weeks
- Veterinary Laboratories Agency, New Haw, KT15 3NB, UK
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Effects of zinc on plasma lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in humans: A meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Atherosclerosis 2010; 210:344-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2009.11.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2009] [Revised: 11/18/2009] [Accepted: 11/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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