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Delgado-Sequera A, Garcia-Mompo C, Gonzalez-Pinto A, Hidalgo-Figueroa M, Berrocoso E. A Systematic Review of the Molecular and Cellular Alterations Induced by Cannabis That May Serve as Risk Factors for Bipolar Disorder. Int J Neuropsychopharmacol 2024; 27:pyae002. [PMID: 38175142 PMCID: PMC10863486 DOI: 10.1093/ijnp/pyae002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cannabis use is a risk factor of psychiatric illness, such as bipolar disorder type-I (BDI). Indeed, cannabis use strongly influences the onset and clinical course of BDI, although the biological mechanisms underlying this interaction remain unknown. Therefore, we have reviewed the biological mechanisms affected by cannabis use that may trigger BD. METHODS A systematic review was carried out of articles in which gene expression was studied in cannabis users or human-derived cells exposed to tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) or cannabidiol (CBD). A second systematic review was then performed to identify articles in which gene expression was studied in BDI samples, highlighting those that described alterations to the same molecular and cellular mechanisms affected by cannabis/THC/CBD. RESULTS The initial search identified 82 studies on cannabis and 962 on BDI. After removing duplicates and applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria, 9 studies into cannabis and 228 on BDI were retained. The molecular and cellular mechanisms altered by cannabis use or THC/CBD exposure were then identified, including neural development and function, cytoskeletal function, cell adhesion, mitochondrial biology, inflammatory related pathways, lipid metabolism, the endocannabinoid system, the hypocretin/orexin system, and apoptosis. Alterations to those activities were also described in 19 of 228 focused on BDI. CONCLUSIONS The biological mechanisms described in this study may be good candidates to the search for diagnostic biomarkers and therapeutic targets for BDI. Because cannabis use can trigger the onset of BD, further studies would be of interest to determine whether they are involved in the early development of the disorder, prompting early treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Delgado-Sequera
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Clara Garcia-Mompo
- Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Universitat Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Spain
| | - Ana Gonzalez-Pinto
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitario de Alava, BIOARABA, UPV/EHU, CIBERSAM, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Maria Hidalgo-Figueroa
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Psychology, Universidad de Cádiz, Puerto Real (Cádiz), Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Esther Berrocoso
- Biomedical Research and Innovation Institute of Cadiz (INiBICA), Research Unit, Puerta del Mar University Hospital, Cádiz, Spain
- Neuropsychopharmacology and Psychobiology Research Group, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Department of Neuroscience, Universidad de Cádiz, Cádiz, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBERSAM), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
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Rodrigues JE, Martinho A, Santos V, Santa C, Madeira N, Martins MJ, Pato CN, Macedo A, Manadas B. Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on MS-Based Proteomics Applied to Human Peripheral Fluids to Assess Potential Biomarkers of Bipolar Disorder. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23105460. [PMID: 35628270 PMCID: PMC9141521 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23105460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/06/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a clinically heterogeneous condition, presenting a complex underlying etiopathogenesis that is not sufficiently characterized. Without molecular biomarkers being used in the clinical environment, several large screen proteomics studies have been conducted to provide valuable molecular information. Mass spectrometry (MS)-based techniques can be a powerful tool for the identification of disease biomarkers, improving prediction and diagnosis ability. Here, we evaluate the efficacy of MS proteomics applied to human peripheral fluids to assess BD biomarkers and identify relevant networks of biological pathways. Following PRISMA guidelines, we searched for studies using MS proteomics to identify proteomic differences between BD patients and healthy controls (PROSPERO database: CRD42021264955). Fourteen articles fulfilled the inclusion criteria, allowing the identification of 266 differentially expressed proteins. Gene ontology analysis identified complement and coagulation cascades, lipid and cholesterol metabolism, and focal adhesion as the main enriched biological pathways. A meta-analysis was performed for apolipoproteins (A-I, C-III, and E); however, no significant differences were found. Although the proven ability of MS proteomics to characterize BD, there are several confounding factors contributing to the heterogeneity of the findings. In the future, we encourage the scientific community to use broader samples and validation cohorts, integrating omics with bioinformatics tools towards providing a comprehensive understanding of proteome alterations, seeking biomarkers of BD, and contributing to individualized prognosis and stratification strategies, besides aiding in the differential diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao E. Rodrigues
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.E.R.); (A.M.); (C.S.); (M.J.M.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Ana Martinho
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.E.R.); (A.M.); (C.S.); (M.J.M.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Vítor Santos
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Psychiatry Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Catia Santa
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.E.R.); (A.M.); (C.S.); (M.J.M.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Nuno Madeira
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Psychiatry Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria J. Martins
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.E.R.); (A.M.); (C.S.); (M.J.M.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Medical Services, University of Coimbra Medical Services, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos N. Pato
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA;
| | - Antonio Macedo
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Psychiatry Department, Centro Hospitalar e Universitário de Coimbra, 3004-561 Coimbra, Portugal
- CIBIT—Coimbra Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Translational Research, University of Coimbra, 3000-548 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: authors: (A.M.); (B.M.)
| | - Bruno Manadas
- CNC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (J.E.R.); (A.M.); (C.S.); (M.J.M.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal;
- III Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra (IIIUC), 3030-789 Coimbra, Portugal
- Correspondence: authors: (A.M.); (B.M.)
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Morris G, Berk M, Walder K, O'Neil A, Maes M, Puri BK. The lipid paradox in neuroprogressive disorders: Causes and consequences. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 128:35-57. [PMID: 34118292 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 06/06/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic systemic inflammation is associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease in an environment of low low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and low total cholesterol and with the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. The causes and consequences of this lipid paradox are explored. Circulating activated neutrophils can release inflammatory molecules such as myeloperoxidase and the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and tumour necrosis factor-alpha. Since activated neutrophils are associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease and with major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia, it seems reasonable to hypothesise that the inflammatory molecules released by them may act as mediators of the link between systemic inflammation and the development of atherosclerosis in neuroprogressive disorders. This hypothesis is tested by considering the association at a molecular level of systemic inflammation with increased LDL oxidation; increased small dense LDL levels; increased lipoprotein (a) concentration; secretory phospholipase A2 activation; cytosolic phospholipase A2 activation; increased platelet activation; decreased apolipoprotein A1 levels and function; decreased paroxonase-1 activity; hyperhomocysteinaemia; and metabolic endotoxaemia. These molecular mechanisms suggest potential therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, the Department of Psychiatry and the Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Adrienne O'Neil
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - the Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand
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Santa Cruz EC, Zandonadi FDS, Fontes W, Sussulini A. A pilot study indicating the dysregulation of the complement and coagulation cascades in treated schizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2021; 1869:140657. [PMID: 33839315 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2021.140657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
A better understanding of the proteome profile after bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) treatment, besides monitoring disease progression, may assist on the development of novel therapeutic strategies with the ability to reduce or control possible side effects. In this pilot study, proteomics analysis employing nano liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (nLC-MS) and bioinformatic tools were applied to identify differentially abundant proteins in serum of treated BD and SCZ patients. In total, 10 BD patients, 10 SCZ patients, and 14 healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. 24 serum proteins were significantly altered (p < 0.05) in BD and SCZ treated patients and, considering log2FC > 0.58, 8 proteins presented lower abundance in the BD group, while 7 proteins presented higher abundance and 2 lower abundance in SCZ group when compared against HC. Bioinformatics analysis based on these 24 proteins indicated two main altered pathways previously described in the literature; furthermore, it revealed that opposite abundances of the complement and coagulation cascades were the most significant biological processes involved in these pathologies. Moreover, we describe disease-related proteins and pathways associations suggesting the necessity of clinical follow-up improvement besides treatment, as a precaution or safety measure, along with the disease progression. Further biological validation and investigations are required to define whether there is a correlation between complement and coagulation cascade expression for BD and SCZ and cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Castañeda Santa Cruz
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Flávia da Silva Zandonadi
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Wagner Fontes
- Laboratory of Protein Chemistry and Biochemistry, Department of Cell Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Brasilia (UnB), 70910-900 Brasilia, DF, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Sussulini
- Laboratory of Bioanalytics and Integrated Omics (LaBIOmics), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics - INCTBio, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil.
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Morris G, Puri BK, Bortolasci CC, Carvalho A, Berk M, Walder K, Moreira EG, Maes M. The role of high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, apolipoprotein A and paraoxonase-1 in the pathophysiology of neuroprogressive disorders. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2021; 125:244-263. [PMID: 33657433 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2021.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Lowered high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol has been reported in major depressive disorder, bipolar disorder, first episode of psychosis, and schizophrenia. HDL, its major apolipoprotein component, ApoA1, and the antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase (PON)1 (which is normally bound to ApoA1) all have anti-atherogenic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and immunomodulatory roles, which are discussed in this paper. The paper details the pathways mediating the anti-inflammatory effects of HDL, ApoA1 and PON1 and describes the mechanisms leading to compromised HDL and PON1 levels and function in an environment of chronic inflammation. The molecular mechanisms by which changes in HDL, ApoA1 and PON1 might contribute to the pathophysiology of the neuroprogressive disorders are explained. Moreover, the anti-inflammatory actions of ApoM-mediated sphingosine 1-phosphate (S1P) signalling are reviewed as well as the deleterious effects of chronic inflammation and oxidative stress on ApoM/S1P signalling. Finally, therapeutic interventions specifically aimed at improving the levels and function of HDL and PON1 while reducing levels of inflammation and oxidative stress are considered. These include the so-called Mediterranean diet, extra virgin olive oil, polyphenols, flavonoids, isoflavones, pomegranate juice, melatonin and the Mediterranean diet combined with the ketogenic diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerwyn Morris
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia
| | | | - Chiara C Bortolasci
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia.
| | - Andre Carvalho
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada; Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Michael Berk
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Orygen, The National Centre of Excellence in Youth Mental Health, The Department of Psychiatry and The Florey Institute for Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ken Walder
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Deakin University, CMMR Strategic Research Centre, School of Medicine, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Estefania G Moreira
- Post-Graduation Program in Health Sciences, State University of Londrina, Londrina, PR, Brazil
| | - Michael Maes
- Deakin University, IMPACT - The Institute for Mental and Physical Health and Clinical Translation, School of Medicine, Barwon Health, Geelong, Australia; Department of Psychiatry, King Chulalongkorn University Hospital, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Psychiatry, Medical University of Plovdiv, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
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de Souza Pessôa G, de Jesus JR, Balbuena TS, Arruda MAZ. Metallomics-based platforms for comparing the human blood serum profiles between bipolar disorder and schizophrenia patients. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2020; 34 Suppl 3:e8698. [PMID: 31837042 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.8698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Revised: 12/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE An evaluation of bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SCZ) was carried out, from a metallomics point of view, using native conditions, attempting to preserve the interaction between metals and biomolecules. METHOD For this task, blood serum samples from healthy individuals and patients were compared. In addition, the profiles of metal ions and metalloids involved in the pathologies were quantified, and a comparison was carried out of the protein profile in serum samples of healthy individuals and diseased patients. RESULTS After optimization and accuracy evaluation of the method, different concentrations of Li, Mg, Mn and Zn were observed in the samples of BD patients and high levels of copper for SCZ patients, indicating an imbalance in the homeostasis of important micronutrients. The treatment, especially with lithium, may be related to competition between metallic ions. BD-related metallobiomolecules were detected, preserving the binding between metal ions and biomolecules, with four fractions detected in the ultraviolet range (280 nm). Four fractions were collected by high-performance liquid chromatography/inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (HPLC/ICP-MS) and the proteins were identified by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS). The Ig lambda chain V-IV region Hil, immunoglobulin heavy constant gama 1 (IGHG1) and beta-2-glycoprotein 1 (or ApoH) was identified in SCZ samples, suggesting its relationship with mood disorders. Surprisingly, Protein IGKV2D-28 was identified only in BD samples, opening up new possibilities for studies regarding the role of this protein in BD. CONCLUSIONS This approach brings new perspectives to the comprehension of mood disorders, highlighting the importance of metallomics science in disease development. This strategy showed an innovative potential for evaluating mood disorders at the proteomic level, making it possible to identify proteins related to mood disorders and BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo de Souza Pessôa
- Group of Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization (GEPAM), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, 13084-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13084-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Jemmyson Romário de Jesus
- Group of Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization (GEPAM), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, 13084-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13084-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - Tiago Santana Balbuena
- Departamento de Tecnologia, Faculdade de Ciências Agrárias e Veterinárias, Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Jaboticabal, SP, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda
- Group of Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization (GEPAM), Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, PO Box 6154, 13084-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
- National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas, UNICAMP, 13084-862, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Cheng S, Guan F, Ma M, Zhang L, Cheng B, Qi X, Liang C, Li P, Kafle OP, Wen Y, Zhang F. An atlas of genetic correlations between psychiatric disorders and human blood plasma proteome. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 63:e17. [PMID: 32093803 PMCID: PMC7315878 DOI: 10.1192/j.eurpsy.2019.6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/12/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psychiatric disorders are a group of complex psychological syndromes with high prevalence. Recent studies observed associations between altered plasma proteins and psychiatric disorders. This study aims to systematically explore the potential genetic relationships between five major psychiatric disorders and more than 3,000 plasma proteins. METHODS The genome-wide association study (GWAS) datasets of attention deficiency/hyperactive disorder (ADHD), autism spectrum disorder (ASD), bipolar disorder (BD), schizophrenia (SCZ) and major depressive disorder (MDD) were driven from the Psychiatric GWAS Consortium. The GWAS datasets of 3,283 human plasma proteins were derived from recently published study, including 3,301 study subjects. Linkage disequilibrium score (LDSC) regression analysis were conducted to evaluate the genetic correlations between psychiatric disorders and each of the 3,283 plasma proteins. RESULTS LDSC observed several genetic correlations between plasma proteins and psychiatric disorders, such as ADHD and lysosomal Pro-X carboxypeptidase (p value = 0.015), ASD and extracellular superoxide dismutase (Cu-Zn; p value = 0.023), BD and alpha-N-acetylgalactosaminide alpha-2,6-sialyltransferase 6 (p value = 0.007), MDD and trefoil factor 1 (p value = 0.011), and SCZ and insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 6 (p value = 0.011). Additionally, we detected four common plasma proteins showing correlation evidence with both BD and SCZ, such as tumor necrosis factor receptor superfamily member 1B (p value = 0.012 for BD, p value = 0.011 for SCZ). CONCLUSIONS This study provided an atlas of genetic correlations between psychiatric disorders and plasma proteome, providing novel clues for pathogenetic and biomarkers, therapeutic studies of psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqiang Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Fanglin Guan
- School of Medicine & Forensics, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China
| | - Mei Ma
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Bolun Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Xin Qi
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Chujun Liang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Ping Li
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Om Prakash Kafle
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Yan Wen
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
| | - Feng Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Trace Elements and Endemic Diseases of National Health and Family Planning Commission, School of Public Health, Health Science Center, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Endemic Diseases and Health Promotion in Silk Road Region, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710061, China
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Proteomic Studies of Psychiatric Disorders. METHODS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY (CLIFTON, N.J.) 2019; 1735:59-89. [PMID: 29380307 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7614-0_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Many diseases result from programming effects in utero. This chapter describes recent advances in proteomic studies which have improved our understanding of the underlying pathophysiological pathways in the major psychiatric disorders, resulting in the development of potential novel biomarker tests. Such tests should be based on measurement of blood-based proteins given the ease of accessibility of this medium and the known connections between the periphery and the central nervous system. Most importantly, emerging biomarker tests should be developed on lab-on-a-chip and other handheld devices to enable point-of-care use. This should help to identify individuals with psychiatric disorders much sooner than ever before, which will allow more rapid treatment options for the best possible patient outcomes.
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Xu YY, Xia QH, Liang J, Cao Y, Shan F, Liu Y, Yan CY, Xia QR. Factors related to lithium blood concentrations in Chinese Han patients with bipolar disorder. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2019; 15:1929-1937. [PMID: 31371966 PMCID: PMC6628605 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s205780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The goal of this study was to identify the physiological factors related to the blood concentration of lithium in Chinese Han patients with bipolar disorder (BD). Materials and methods: A total of 186 Chinese Han patients with BD were assessed. Patients were recruited from the Anhui Mental Health Center. The concentrations of serum lithium were measured by a Dimension RxL Max biochemistry analyzer. Physiological factors, including body weight, body mass index (BMI), and routine laboratory parameters, were collected. Relationships between the serum lithium concentration and relevant clinical data were analyzed by Pearson correlation tests, and the independent relationships were determined by multivariate linear regression analysis. Results: Pearson correlation analysis showed that serum lithium concentrations were positively correlated with creatinine concentrations (r=0.147, P=0.046), Mg2+ concentrations (r=0.151, P=0.04), and the percentage of neutrophils (r=0.178, P=0.015) and negatively correlated with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) concentrations (r=-0.142, P=0.05), apolipoprotein A1 concentrations (r=-0.169, P=0.02), and Na+ concentrations (r=-0.148, P=0.046) in 186 patients with BD. Furthermore, multivariate linear regression analysis showed that serum lithium concentrations were negatively associated with Na+ concentrations and positively associated with the percentage of neutrophils. Conclusion: These results suggest that physiological factors, including creatinine, HDL, apolipoprotein A1, Na+, and Mg2+ concentrations and percentage of neutrophils, might be related to serum lithium concentrations and provide a basis for parameter selection of lithium population pharmacokinetics in Chinese Han patients with BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Yun Xu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China.,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qian-Hui Xia
- School of Pharmacy, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu 241002, People's Republic of China
| | - Jun Liang
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China.,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yin Cao
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China.,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Feng Shan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China.,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China.,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun-Yu Yan
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China.,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Rong Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, Hefei Fourth People's Hospital, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China.,Psychopharmacology Research Laboratory, Anhui Mental Health Center, Hefei 230000, People's Republic of China
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10
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Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a severe, recurrent mood disorder, associated with a significant morbidity and mortality, with high rates of suicides and medical comorbidities. There is a high risk of mood disorders among the first-degree relatives of patients with BD. In the current clinical practice, the diagnosis of BD is made by history taking, interview and behavioural observations, thereby lacking an objective, biological validation. This approach may result in underdiagnosis, misdiagnosis and eventually poorer outcomes. Due to the heterogeneity of BD, the possibility of developing a single, specific biomarker is still remote; however, there is a set of promising biomarkers which may serve as predictive, prognostic or treatment markers in the future. The review presents a critical appraisal and update on some of the most promising candidates for biomarkers, namely, neuroimaging markers, peripheral biomarkers and genetic markers, including a brief discussion on cognitive endophenotypes as indicative of genetic risk. The lessons learnt from other fields and specialties in medicine need to be applied to psychiatry to translate the knowledge from ‘bench to bedside’ by means of clinically useful biomarkers. Overall, the biomarkers may help in pushing the shift towards personalized medicine for psychiatric patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rajesh Sagar
- Department of Psychiatry, All Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India
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11
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Wen L, Liu YF, Jiang C, Zeng SQ, Su Y, Wu WJ, Liu XY, Wang J, Liu Y, Su C, Li BX, Feng QS. Comparative Proteomic Profiling and Biomarker Identification of Traditional Chinese Medicine-Based HIV/AIDS Syndromes. Sci Rep 2018. [PMID: 29520099 PMCID: PMC5843661 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22611-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Given the challenges in exploring lifelong therapy with little side effect for human immunodeficiency virus infection and acquired immune deficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) cases, there is increasing interest in developing traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) treatments based on specific TCM syndrome. However, there are few objective and biological evidences for classification and diagnosis of HIV/AIDS TCM syndromes to date. In this study, iTRAQ-2DLC-MS/MS coupled with bioinformatics were firstly employed for comparative proteomic profiling of top popular TCM syndromes of HIV/AIDS: accumulation of heat-toxicity (AHT) and Yang deficiency of spleen and kidney (YDSK). It was found that for the two TCM syndromes, the identified differential expressed proteins (DEPs) as well as their biological function distributions and participation in signaling pathways were significantly different, providing biological evidence for the classification of HIV/AIDS TCM syndromes. Furthermore, the TCM syndrome-specific DEPs were confirmed as biomarkers based on western blot analyses, including FN1, GPX3, KRT10 for AHT and RBP4, ApoE, KNG1 for YDSK. These biomarkers also biologically linked with the specific TCM syndrome closely. Thus the clinical and biological basis for differentiation and diagnosis of HIV/AIDs TCM syndromes were provided for the first time, providing more opportunities for stable exertion and better application of TCM efficacy and superiority in HIV/AIDS treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Wen
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Ye-Fang Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Cen Jiang
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Shao-Qian Zeng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Yue Su
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Wen-Jun Wu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Xi-Yang Liu
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China
| | - Jian Wang
- TCM Center for AIDS Prevention and Treatment, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Ying Liu
- TCM Center for AIDS Prevention and Treatment, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China
| | - Chen Su
- Sichuan Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Chengdu, 610041, China
| | - Bai-Xue Li
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
| | - Quan-Sheng Feng
- Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610075, China.
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12
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Ren J, Zhao G, Sun X, Liu H, Jiang P, Chen J, Wu Z, Peng D, Fang Y, Zhang C. Identification of plasma biomarkers for distinguishing bipolar depression from major depressive disorder by iTRAQ-coupled LC-MS/MS and bioinformatics analysis. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2017; 86:17-24. [PMID: 28910601 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 08/28/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
It is important to differentiate between bipolar disorder (BD) and major depressive disorder (MDD) in the first depressive episode because of the potential treatment implications. Previous studies have mainly focused on the different clinical features or pathological biomarkers to distinguish these two diseases; however, a better understanding of the proteomics profiling of BD may help aid future therapeutic strategies. Here, we applied isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantification (iTRAQ) technology combined with liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) to identify differentially expressed proteins between MDD and bipolar depression (BP). In total, 30 MDD, 30 BP and 30 healthy subjects were included. Proteins from depleted plasma samples were digested into peptides, individually labeled with iTRAQ reagents, combined and subjected to LC-MS/MS and further bioinformatics analyses. Our results showed that 9 proteins were significantly altered between MDD and BP. Briefly, B2RAN2, B4E1B2, APOA1, ENG, SBSN and QSOX2 were up-regulated, whereas ORM1, MRC2 and SLPI were down-regulated. Most identified proteins were related to the immune system. The bioinformatics analysis showed that B2RAN2 (highly similar to vanin-1) was involved in the significantly enriched KEGG pathways "pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis" (P=0.009). B2RAN2 and ENG may play important roles in depression. They may serve as candidate biomarkers for distinguishing MDD and BP. Further validation and investigation are required to illuminate the roles of B2RAN2 and ENG in MDD and BP. The current study provided a potential and novel biomarker panel that may, in turn, aid the diagnosis of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Ren
- Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqing Zhao
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiujia Sun
- Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Ping Jiang
- Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Chen
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhiguo Wu
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Daihui Peng
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yiru Fang
- Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Chen Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China; Division of Mood Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China.
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13
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de Jesus JR, Galazzi RM, de Lima TB, Banzato CEM, de Almeida Lima E Silva LF, de Rosalmeida Dantas C, Gozzo FC, Arruda MAZ. Simplifying the human serum proteome for discriminating patients with bipolar disorder of other psychiatry conditions. Clin Biochem 2017; 50:1118-1125. [PMID: 28662995 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE An exploratory analysis using proteomic strategies in blood serum of patients with bipolar disorder (BD), and with other psychiatric conditions such as Schizophrenia (SCZ), can provide a better understanding of this disorder, as well as their discrimination based on their proteomic profile. METHODS The proteomic profile of blood serum samples obtained from patients with BD using lithium or other drugs (N=14), healthy controls, including non-family (HCNF; N=3) and family (HCF; N=9), patients with schizophrenia (SCZ; N=23), and patients using lithium for other psychiatric conditions (OD; N=4) were compared. Four methods for simplifying the serum samples proteome were evaluated for both removing the most abundant proteins and for enriching those of lower-abundance: protein depletion with acetonitrile (ACN), dithiothreitol (DTT), sequential depletion using DTT and ACN, and protein equalization using commercial ProteoMiner® kit (PM). For proteomic evaluation, 2-D DIGE and nanoLC-MS/MS analysis were employed. RESULTS PM method was the best strategy for removing proteins of high abundance. Through 2-D DIGE gel image comparison, 37 protein spots were found differentially abundant (p<0.05, Student's t-test), which exhibited ≥2.0-fold change of the average value of normalized spot intensities in the serum of SCZ, BD and OD patients compared to subject controls (HCF and HCNF). From these spots detected, 13 different proteins were identified: ApoA1, ApoE, ApoC3, ApoA4, Samp, SerpinA1, TTR, IgK, Alb, VTN, TR, C4A and C4B. CONCLUSIONS Proteomic analysis allowed the discrimination of patients with BD from patients with other mental disorders, such as SCZ. The findings in this exploratory study may also contribute for better understanding the pathophysiology of these disorders and finding potential serum biomarkers for these conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemmyson Romário de Jesus
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group - GEPAM, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Moretto Galazzi
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group - GEPAM, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Tatiani Brenelli de Lima
- Dalton Mass Spectrometry Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Fábio Cézar Gozzo
- Dalton Mass Spectrometry Group, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group - GEPAM, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
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14
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A Routine 'Top-Down' Approach to Analysis of the Human Serum Proteome. Proteomes 2017; 5:proteomes5020013. [PMID: 28587287 PMCID: PMC5489773 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes5020013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Serum provides a rich source of potential biomarker proteoforms. One of the major obstacles in analysing serum proteomes is detecting lower abundance proteins owing to the presence of hyper-abundant species (e.g., serum albumin and immunoglobulins). Although depletion methods have been used to address this, these can lead to the concomitant removal of non-targeted protein species, and thus raise issues of specificity, reproducibility, and the capacity for meaningful quantitative analyses. Altering the native stoichiometry of the proteome components may thus yield a more complex series of issues than dealing directly with the inherent complexity of the sample. Hence, here we targeted method refinements so as to ensure optimum resolution of serum proteomes via a top down two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE) approach that enables the routine assessment of proteoforms and is fully compatible with subsequent mass spectrometric analyses. Testing included various fractionation and non-fractionation approaches. The data show that resolving 500 µg protein on 17 cm 3–10 non-linear immobilised pH gradient strips in the first dimension followed by second dimension resolution on 7–20% gradient gels with a combination of lithium dodecyl sulfate (LDS) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) detergents markedly improves the resolution and detection of proteoforms in serum. In addition, well established third dimension electrophoretic separations in combination with deep imaging further contributed to the best available resolution, detection, and thus quantitative top-down analysis of serum proteomes.
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15
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de Jesus JR, da Silva Fernandes R, de Souza Pessôa G, Raimundo IM, Arruda MAZ. Depleting high-abundant and enriching low-abundant proteins in human serum: An evaluation of sample preparation methods using magnetic nanoparticle, chemical depletion and immunoaffinity techniques. Talanta 2017; 170:199-209. [PMID: 28501159 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.03.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2017] [Revised: 03/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/29/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The efficiency of three different depletion methods to remove the most abundant proteins, enriching those human serum proteins with low abundance is checked to make more efficient the search and discovery of biomarkers. These methods utilize magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs), chemical reagents (sequential application of dithiothreitol and acetonitrile, DTT/ACN), and commercial apparatus based on immunoaffinity (ProteoMiner, PM). The comparison between methods shows significant removal of abundant protein, remaining in the supernatant at concentrations of 4.6±0.2, 3.6±0.1, and 3.3±0.2µgµL-1 (n=3) for MNPs, DTT/ACN and PM respectively, from a total protein content of 54µgµL-1. Using GeLC-MS/MS analysis, MNPs depletion shows good efficiency in removing high molecular weight proteins (>80kDa). Due to the synergic effect between the reagents DTT and ACN, DTT/ACN-based depletion offers good performance in the depletion of thiol-rich proteins, such as albumin and transferrin (DTT action), as well as of high molecular weight proteins (ACN action). Furthermore, PM equalization confirms its efficiency in concentrating low-abundant proteins, decreasing the dynamic range of protein levels in human serum. Direct comparison between the treatments reveals 72 proteins identified when using MNP depletion (43 of them exclusively by this method), but only 20 proteins using DTT/ACN (seven exclusively by this method). Additionally, after PM treatment 30 proteins were identified, seven exclusively by this method. Thus, MNPs and DTT/ACN depletion can be simple, quick, cheap, and robust alternatives for immunochemistry-based protein depletion, providing a potential strategy in the search for disease biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemmyson Romário de Jesus
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group - GEPAM, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Rafael da Silva Fernandes
- Group for Instrumentation and Automation in Analytical Chemistry - GIA Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP
| | - Gustavo de Souza Pessôa
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group - GEPAM, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ivo Milton Raimundo
- Group for Instrumentation and Automation in Analytical Chemistry - GIA Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP
| | - Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group - GEPAM, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, Institute of Chemistry, University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, Brazil.
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16
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Roux M, Dosseto A. From direct to indirect lithium targets: a comprehensive review of omics data. Metallomics 2017; 9:1326-1351. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mt00203c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Metal ions are critical to a wide range of biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony Dosseto
- Wollongong Isotope Geochronology Laboratory
- School of Earth & Environmental Sciences
- University of Wollongong
- Wollongong
- Australia
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17
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Giusti L, Ciregia F, Mazzoni MR, Lucacchini A. Proteomics insight into psychiatric disorders: an update on biological fluid biomarkers. Expert Rev Proteomics 2016; 13:941-950. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2016.1230499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Giusti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federica Ciregia
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
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18
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de Jesus JR, Pessôa GDS, Sussulini A, Martínez JLC, Arruda MAZ. Proteomics strategies for bipolar disorder evaluation: From sample preparation to validation. J Proteomics 2016; 145:187-196. [PMID: 27113133 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2016.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a complex and costly psychiatric disorder, which affects one hundred million people worldwide. Due to its heterogeneity, correct BD diagnosis is still a challenge. In order to overcome this issue, different bioanalytical strategies have been proposed in the literature recently. Among these strategies, proteomic approaches have arisen as some of the most promising in the area. Thus, recent applications suggest protein profiles to further refine the proteome of BD as well as the discovery of novel protein biomarkers to facilitate diagnostics. In this review, the state-of-art of proteomic research in BD is summarized. Furthermore, important aspects of proteomics for understanding of BD, such as sample type and size, sampling, sample preparation, gel-based and gel-free proteomics, proteomic quantitative and protein validation are overviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jemmyson Romário de Jesus
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, GEPAM, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Gustavo de Souza Pessôa
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, GEPAM, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - Alessandra Sussulini
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, GEPAM, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil
| | - José Luis Capelo Martínez
- UCIBIO-REQUIMTE, Chemistry Department, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Caparica, Portugal; ProteoMass Scientific Society, MadanPark, Rua dos Inventores s/n, Monte de Caparica, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Marco Aurélio Zezzi Arruda
- Spectrometry, Sample Preparation and Mechanization Group, GEPAM, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil; National Institute of Science and Technology for Bioanalytics, University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Campinas, Brazil.
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19
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Song YR, Wu B, Yang YT, Chen J, Zhang LJ, Zhang ZW, Shi HY, Huang CL, Pan JX, Xie P. Specific alterations in plasma proteins during depressed, manic, and euthymic states of bipolar disorder. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 48:973-82. [PMID: 26375446 PMCID: PMC4671523 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20154550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Bipolar disorder (BD) is a common psychiatric mood disorder affecting more than 1-2%
of the general population of different European countries. Unfortunately, there is no
objective laboratory-based test to aid BD diagnosis or monitor its progression, and
little is known about the molecular basis of BD. Here, we performed a comparative
proteomic study to identify differentially expressed plasma proteins in various BD
mood states (depressed BD, manic BD, and euthymic BD) relative to healthy controls. A
total of 10 euthymic BD, 20 depressed BD, 15 manic BD, and 20 demographically matched
healthy control subjects were recruited. Seven high-abundance proteins were
immunodepleted in plasma samples from the 4 experimental groups, which were then
subjected to proteome-wide expression profiling by two-dimensional electrophoresis
and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time-of-flight/time-of-flight tandem
mass spectrometry. Proteomic results were validated by immunoblotting and
bioinformatically analyzed using MetaCore. From a total of 32 proteins identified
with 1.5-fold changes in expression compared with healthy controls, 16 proteins were
perturbed in BD independent of mood state, while 16 proteins were specifically
associated with particular BD mood states. Two mood-independent differential
proteins, apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 and Apo L1, suggest that BD pathophysiology may be
associated with early perturbations in lipid metabolism. Moreover, down-regulation of
one mood-dependent protein, carbonic anhydrase 1 (CA-1), suggests it may be involved
in the pathophysiology of depressive episodes in BD. Thus, BD pathophysiology may be
associated with early perturbations in lipid metabolism that are independent of mood
state, while CA-1 may be involved in the pathophysiology of depressive episodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Song
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - B Wu
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Y T Yang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - J Chen
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - L J Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - Z W Zhang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - H Y Shi
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - C L Huang
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - J X Pan
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Neurobiology, Chongqing, China
| | - P Xie
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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20
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Filiou MD. Can proteomics-based diagnostics aid clinical psychiatry? Proteomics Clin Appl 2015; 9:885-8. [PMID: 25619150 DOI: 10.1002/prca.201400144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2014] [Revised: 11/14/2014] [Accepted: 01/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Despite major advances in infrastructure and instrumentation, proteomics-driven translational applications have not yet yielded the results that the scientific community has envisaged. In this viewpoint, the perspective of proteomics-based diagnostics in the field of clinical psychiatry is explored. The challenges that proteomics faces in the context of translational approaches are outlined and directions toward a successful clinical implementation are provided. Additional challenges that psychiatric disorders pose for clinical proteomics are highlighted and the potential of proteomics-based, blood tests for psychiatric disorders is being assessed. Proteomics offers a valuable toolkit for clinical translation that needs to be handled in a pragmatic manner and with realistic expectations.
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21
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Pavuluri MN, Lee MS, Pandey G. Lithium response viewed as a biomarker to predict developmental psychopathology in offspring with bipolar disorder: a commentary. Bipolar Disord 2015; 17:224-32. [PMID: 25523965 DOI: 10.1111/bdi.12280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 09/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mani N Pavuluri
- Pediatric Brain Research and Intervention Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Applications of blood-based protein biomarker strategies in the study of psychiatric disorders. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 122:45-72. [PMID: 25173695 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Revised: 08/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Major psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, major depressive and bipolar disorders are severe, chronic and debilitating, and are associated with high disease burden and healthcare costs. Currently, diagnoses of these disorders rely on interview-based assessments of subjective self-reported symptoms. Early diagnosis is difficult, misdiagnosis is a frequent occurrence and there are no objective tests that aid in the prediction of individual responses to treatment. Consequently, validated biomarkers are urgently needed to help address these unmet clinical needs. Historically, psychiatric disorders are viewed as brain disorders and consequently only a few researchers have as yet evaluated systemic changes in psychiatric patients. However, promising research has begun to challenge this concept and there is an increasing awareness that disease-related changes can be traced in the peripheral system which may even be involved in the precipitation of disease onset and course. Converging evidence from molecular profiling analysis of blood serum/plasma have revealed robust molecular changes in psychiatric patients, suggesting that these disorders may be detectable in other systems of the body such as the circulating blood. In this review, we discuss the current clinical needs in psychiatry, highlight the importance of biomarkers in the field, and review a representative selection of biomarker studies to highlight opportunities for the implementation of personalized medicine approaches in the field of psychiatry. It is anticipated that the implementation of validated biomarker tests will not only improve the diagnosis and more effective treatment of psychiatric patients, but also improve prognosis and disease outcome.
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23
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Haenisch F, Alsaif M, Guest PC, Rahmoune H, Dickerson F, Yolken R, Bahn S. Multiplex immunoassay analysis of plasma shows prominent upregulation of growth factor activity pathways linked to GSK3β signaling in bipolar patients. J Affect Disord 2014; 156:139-43. [PMID: 24411062 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 12/02/2013] [Accepted: 12/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our understanding of bipolar disorder (BD) aetiology has advanced in recent years but our ability to translate this to improve patient care in the clinic is still limited. METHODS In this study, we have measured the concentrations of 190 different molecules using sensitive multiplex immunoassays in plasma of 17 BD patients compared to 46 matched control subjects. RESULTS The analyses led to the identification of 26 dysregulated proteins in BD patients compared to controls. These molecules were comprised mostly of growth factors, hormones, lipid transport and inflammatory proteins. Decreased apolipoprotein A1 has previously been associated with BD patients and this was confirmed in our study. LIMITATIONS The present pilot study was limited by its small sample size, use of multiple drug treatments and the lack of dietary restrictions at the time of sampling. CONCLUSIONS Future studies may increase our understanding of BD which will help to pave the way for much-needed patient stratification for better treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frieder Haenisch
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Murtada Alsaif
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paul C Guest
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hassan Rahmoune
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Robert Yolken
- Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sabine Bahn
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK; Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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Giusti L, Mantua V, Da Valle Y, Ciregia F, Ventroni T, Orsolini G, Donadio E, Giannaccini G, Mauri M, Cassano GB, Lucacchini A. Search for peripheral biomarkers in patients affected by acutely psychotic bipolar disorder: a proteomic approach. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2014; 10:1246-54. [PMID: 24554194 DOI: 10.1039/c4mb00068d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Data on neurobiological mechanisms underlying mood disorders are elusive; the aetiology of such states is multifactorial, including genetic predisposition and environmental factors. Diagnosis is currently being made only on an interview-based methodology. Biological markers, which could improve the current classification, and in perspective, stratify patients on a biological basis into more homogeneous clinically distinct subgroups, are highly needed. We describe here a comparative proteomic analysis of peripheral lymphocytes from patients affected by acute psychotic bipolar disorder (PBD) (n = 15), major depressive episode (MDE) with no personal or family history of psychosis (n = 11), and a group of demographically matched healthy controls (HC) (n = 15). All patients were evaluated by means of Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV-Patient version (SCID-I-P), Positive and Negative Symptoms Scale (PANSS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D-17) questionnaires. Blood lymphocytes were obtained by gradient separation, and 2-DE was carried out on protein extracts. Significant differences in protein patterns among the three groups were observed. Thirty-six protein spots were found to be differentially expressed in patients compared to controls, which collapsed into 25 different proteins after mass spectrometry identification. Twenty-one of these proteins failed to discriminate between PBD and MDE, suggesting common signatures for these disorders. Nevertheless, after the western blot validation only two of the remaining proteins, namely LIM and SH3 domain protein1, and short-chain specific acyl-CoA dehydrogenase mitochondrial protein, resulted in being significantly upregulated in PBD samples suggesting additional mechanisms that could be associated with the psychotic features of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Giusti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 6, 56126 Pisa, Italy.
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25
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Patel S. Role of proteomics in biomarker discovery and psychiatric disorders: current status, potentials, limitations and future challenges. Expert Rev Proteomics 2014; 9:249-65. [DOI: 10.1586/epr.12.25] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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26
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Patel S. Role of Proteomics in Biomarker Discovery. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2014; 94:39-75. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800168-4.00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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27
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Frey BN, Andreazza AC, Houenou J, Jamain S, Goldstein BI, Frye MA, Leboyer M, Berk M, Malhi GS, Lopez-Jaramillo C, Taylor VH, Dodd S, Frangou S, Hall GB, Fernandes BS, Kauer-Sant'Anna M, Yatham LN, Kapczinski F, Young LT. Biomarkers in bipolar disorder: a positional paper from the International Society for Bipolar Disorders Biomarkers Task Force. Aust N Z J Psychiatry 2013; 47:321-32. [PMID: 23411094 DOI: 10.1177/0004867413478217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Although the etiology of bipolar disorder remains uncertain, multiple studies examining neuroimaging, peripheral markers and genetics have provided important insights into the pathophysiologic processes underlying bipolar disorder. Neuroimaging studies have consistently demonstrated loss of gray matter, as well as altered activation of subcortical, anterior temporal and ventral prefrontal regions in response to emotional stimuli in bipolar disorder. Genetics studies have identified several potential candidate genes associated with increased risk for developing bipolar disorder that involve circadian rhythm, neuronal development and calcium metabolism. Notably, several groups have found decreased levels of neurotrophic factors and increased pro-inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress markers. Together these findings provide the background for the identification of potential biomarkers for vulnerability, disease expression and to help understand the course of illness and treatment response. In other areas of medicine, validated biomarkers now inform clinical decision-making. Although the findings reviewed herein hold promise, further research involving large collaborative studies is needed to validate these potential biomarkers prior to employing them for clinical purposes. Therefore, in this positional paper from the ISBD-BIONET (biomarkers network from the International Society for Bipolar Disorders), we will discuss our view of biomarkers for these three areas: neuroimaging, peripheral measurements and genetics; and conclude the paper with our position for the next steps in the search for biomarkers for bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benicio N Frey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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28
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Bouchal P, Dvorakova M, Scherl A, Garbis SD, Nenutil R, Vojtesek B. Intact protein profiling in breast cancer biomarker discovery: protein identification issue and the solutions based on 3D protein separation, bottom-up and top-down mass spectrometry. Proteomics 2013; 13:1053-8. [PMID: 23303686 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201200121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 10/31/2012] [Accepted: 12/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Proteomics profiling of intact proteins based on MALDI-TOF MS and derived platforms has been used in cancer biomarker discovery studies. This approach suffers from a number of limitations such as low resolution, low sensitivity, and that no knowledge is available on the identity of the respective proteins in the discovery mode. Nevertheless, it remains the most high-throughput, untargeted mode of clinical proteomics studies to date. Here we compare key protein separation and MS techniques available for protein biomarker identification in this type of studies and define reasons of uncertainty in protein peak identity. As a result of critical data analysis, we consider 3D protein separation and identification workflows as optimal procedures. Subsequently, we present a new protocol based on 3D LC-MS/MS with top-down at high resolution that enabled the identification of HNRNP A2/B1 intact peptide as correlating with the estrogen receptor expression in breast cancer tissues. Additional development of this general concept toward next generation, top-down based protein profiling at high resolution is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Bouchal
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
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29
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Kazuno AA, Ohtawa K, Otsuki K, Usui M, Sugawara H, Okazaki Y, Kato T. Proteomic analysis of lymphoblastoid cells derived from monozygotic twins discordant for bipolar disorder: a preliminary study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53855. [PMID: 23408933 PMCID: PMC3567087 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Bipolar disorder is a severe mental illness characterized by recurrent manic and depressive episodes. In bipolar disorder, family and twin studies suggest contributions from genetic and environmental factors; however, the detailed molecular pathogenesis is yet unknown. Thus, identification of biomarkers may contribute to the clinical diagnosis of bipolar disorder. Monozygotic twins discordant for bipolar disorder are relatively rare but have been reported. Here we performed a comparative proteomic analysis of whole cell lysate derived from lymphoblastoid cells of monozygotic twins discordant for bipolar disorder by using two-dimensional differential in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE). We found approximately 200 protein spots to be significantly differentially expressed between the patient and the co-twin (t test, p<0.05). Some of the proteins were subsequently identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry and included proteins involved in cell death and glycolysis. To examine whether these proteins could serve as biomarkers of bipolar disorder, we performed Western blot analysis using case–control samples. Expression of phosphoglycerate mutase 1 (PGAM1), which is involved in glycolysis, was significantly up-regulated in patients with bipolar disorder (t test, p<0.05). Although PGAM1 cannot be regarded as a qualified biomarker of bipolar disorder from this preliminary finding, it could be one of the candidates for further study to identify biomarkers of bipolar disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-a Kazuno
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kenji Ohtawa
- Research Resources Center, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Kaori Otsuki
- Research Resources Center, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Masaya Usui
- Research Resources Center, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Hiroko Sugawara
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yuji Okazaki
- Department of Psychiatry, Tokyo Metropolitan Matsuzawa Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Kato
- Laboratory for Molecular Dynamics of Mental Disorders, Brain Science Institute, RIKEN, Saitama, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Arruda SCC, Barbosa HDS, Azevedo RA, Arruda MAZ. Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis applied for analytical proteomics: fundamentals and applications to the study of plant proteomics. Analyst 2011; 136:4119-26. [DOI: 10.1039/c1an15513j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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