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Chile N, Bernal-Teran EG, Condori BJ, Clark T, Garcia HH, Gilman RH, Verastegui MR. Characterization of antigenic proteins of the Taenia solium postoncospheral form. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2024; 259:111621. [PMID: 38705360 PMCID: PMC11197303 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2024.111621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 05/07/2024]
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis is the leading cause for acquired epilepsy worldwide, and it is caused by the larval stage of the parasite Taenia solium. Several proteins of this stage have been characterized and studied to understand the parasite-host interaction, however, the proteins from the early cysticercus stages (the postoncospheral form) have not yet been characterized. The study of the postoncospheral form proteins is important to understand the host-parasite relationship in the early stages of infection. The aim of this work was to identify postoncospheral form antigenic proteins using sera from neurocysticercosis patients. T. solium activated oncospheres were cultured in HCT-8 cells to obtain the postoncospheral form. Soluble total and excretory/secretory proteins were obtained from the postoncospheral form and were incubated with both pool sera and individual serum of neurocysticercosis positive human patients. Immunoblotting showed target antigenic proteins with apparent molecular weights of 23 kDa and 46-48 kDa. The 46-48 kDa antigen bands present in soluble total and excretory/secretory postoncospheral form proteins were analyzed by LC-MS/MS; proteins identified were: nuclear elongation factor 1 alpha, enolase, unnamed protein product/antigen diagnostic GP50, calcium binding protein calreticulin precursor and annexin. The postoncospheral form expresses proteins related to interaction with the host, some of these proteins are predicted to be exosomal proteins. In conclusion, postoncospheral proteins are consistent targets of the humoral immune response in human and may serve as targets for diagnosis and vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Chile
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú.
| | - Edson G Bernal-Teran
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Beth J Condori
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
| | - Taryn Clark
- Department of Emergency Medicine, SUNY Downstate Medical Center/Kings County Hospital Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Hector H Garcia
- Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Neurológicas. Unidad de Cisticercosis. Lima, Perú
| | - Robert H Gilman
- Department of International Health, Bloomberg School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Manuela R Verastegui
- Laboratorio de Investigación de Enfermedades Infecciosas. Laboratorios de Investigación y Desarrollo, Facultad de Ciencias e Ingeniería, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Perú
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Zhang X, Wei C, Lv Y, Mi R, Guo B, Rahman SU, Zhang Y, Cheng L, Jia H, Huang Y, Han X, Gong H, Chen Z. EgSeverin and Eg14-3-3zeta from Echinococcus granulosus are potential antigens for serological diagnosis of echinococcosis in dogs and sheep. Microb Pathog 2023; 179:106110. [PMID: 37060967 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
Cystic echinococcosis (CE) is a zoonotic parasitic disease caused by the metacestode larva of Echinococcus granulosus. In this study, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2-DE) coupled with immunoblot analysis revealed that E. granulosus severin and 14-3-3zeta proteins (named EgSeverin and Eg14-3-3zeta, respectively) might be two potential biomarkers for serological diagnosis of echinococcosis. The recombinant EgSeverin (rEgSeverin, 45 kDa) and Eg14-3-3zeta (rEg14-3-3zeta, 35 kDa) were administered subcutaneously to BALB/c mice to obtain polyclonal antibodies for immunofluorescence analyses (IFAs). And IFAs showed that both proteins were located on the surface of protoscoleces (PSCs). Western blotting showed that both proteins could react with sera from E. granulosus-infected sheep, dog, and mice. Indirect ELISAs (rEgSeverin- and rEg14-3-3zeta-iELISA) were developed, respectively, with sensitivities and specificities ranging from 83.33% to 100% and a coefficient of variation (CV %) of less than 10%. The rEgSeverin-iELISA showed cross-reaction with both E. granulosus and E. multilocularis, while the rEg14-3-3zeta-iELISA showed no cross-reaction with other sera except for the E. granulosus-infected ones. The field sheep sera from Xinjiang and Qinghai were analyzed using rEgSeverin-iELISA, rEg14-3-3zeta-iELISA, and a commercial kit respectively, and no significant differences were found among the three methods (p > 0.05). However, the CE positive rates in sheep sera from Qinghai were significantly higher than those from Xinjiang (p < 0.01). Overall, the results suggest that EgSeverin and Eg14-3-3zeta could be promising diagnostic antigens for E. granulosus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Chenxi Wei
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Yajie Lv
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Rongsheng Mi
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Baoping Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis, Prevention and Treatment of High Incidence Diseases in Central Asia, Clinical Medical Research Institute, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, 830054, PR China
| | - Sajid Ur Rahman
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China; Department of Food Science and Engineering, School of Agriculture and Biology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, PR China
| | - Yehua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Long Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Haiyan Jia
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Yan Huang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Xiangan Han
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China
| | - Haiyan Gong
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
| | - Zhaoguo Chen
- Key Laboratory of Animal Parasitology of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Laboratory of Quality and Safety Risk Assessment for Animal Products on Biohazards (Shanghai) of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, 200241, PR China.
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Li L, He W, Fan X, Liu M, Luo B, Yang F, Jiang N, Wang L, Zhou B. Proteomic analysis of Taenia solium cysticercus and adult stages. Front Vet Sci 2023; 9:934197. [PMID: 36699330 PMCID: PMC9868161 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2022.934197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Taenia solium (T. solium) cysticercosis is a neglected parasitic zoonosis that occurs in developing countries. Since T. solium has a complex life cycle that includes eggs, oncospheres, cysticerci, and adults, presumably many proteins are produced that enable them to survive and establish an infection within the host. The objectives of this study were to perform a comparative proteomic analysis of two ontogenetic stages of T. solium (cysticerci and adult) and to analyze their differential expression of proteins. Methods proteins were separated by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) fractionation, and protein samples were also digested in liquid and identified by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS); the differentially expressed proteins were then processed by a bioinformatics analysis and verified by parallel reaction monitoring (PRM). Results we identified 2,481 proteins by label-free quantitative proteomics. Then differentially expressed proteins were screened under P values < 0.05 and 2 fold change, we found that 293 proteins up-regulated and 265 proteins down-regulated. Discussion through the bioinformatics analysis, we analyzed the differences types and functions of proteins in the Taenia solium and cysticercus, the data will provide reference value for studying the pathogenic mechanism of the two stages and the interaction with the host, and also support for further experimental verification.
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Zhang Y, Luo B, Liu MC, OuYang RH, Fan XM, Jiang N, Yang FJ, Wang LJ, Zhou BY. Analysis of immune response in BALB/c mice immunized with recombinant plasmids pMZ-X3-Ts14-3-3.3 and pMZ-X3-sp-Ts14-3-3.3 of Taenia solium. Acta Trop 2022; 232:106517. [PMID: 35595093 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2022.106517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of vaccine against human cysticercosis, thus making a huge population at the risk of infection. In this study, we chose a novel potential antigen molecule Taenia solium 14-3-3.3 (Ts14-3-3.3) and optimized it as sp-Ts14-3-3.3 (sp is immunoglobulin H chain V-region precursor, partial) in order to construct recombinant plasmids pMZ-X3-Ts14-3-3.3 and pMZ-X3-sp-Ts14-3-3.3. BALB/c mice were divided into four groups for immunization: pMZ-X3-Ts14-3-3.3, pMZ-X3-sp-Ts14-3-3.3, pMZ-X3 plasmid control group and PBS control group. Compared with two control groups, the proliferation level of splenic lymphocytes increased significantly in pMZ-X3-Ts14-3-3.3 and pMZ-X3-sp-Ts14-3-3.3 groups and reached the maximum in week 6. And the same case arose as cytokines associated with Th1 response, IFN-γ, and IL-2 while those with Th2 response, IL-4, IL-10 went up and reached the maximum in week 4. The levels of serum specific IgG, IgG1 and IgG2a rose and reached the maximum in week 6, 4 and 6, respectively. Meanwhile, the proportion of CD4+/CD8+ splenic T lymphocytes increased and reached the peak in week 6. The results indicated that the recombinant plasmids pMZ-X3-Ts14-3-3.3 and pMZ-X3-sp-Ts14-3-3.3 can induce specific cellular and humoral immune responses in BALB/c mice with immunization. Notably, the recombinant plasmid pMZ-X3-sp-Ts14-3-3.3 has a better immune effect, which proves that Ts14-3-3.3 enjoys a higher possibility as a potential antigen molecule to T. solium vaccine.
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Annexin in Taenia crassiceps ORF Strain is Localized in the Osmoregulatory System. Acta Parasitol 2022; 67:827-834. [PMID: 35113341 DOI: 10.1007/s11686-022-00526-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Annexins are proteins with important roles in parasites, some of which are related to excretion-secretion processes, protein traffic, and microvesicle functionality. The participation of annexins in osmoregulation has been reported in tapeworms, including Taenia solium. This study aimed to investigate the localization and expression of annexin in cysticerci of Taenia crassiceps, used as a model of cysticercosis. METHODS We used an antibody made with a protein, previously employed on Schistosoma bovis, to detect annexin in T. crassiceps proteins extracts used Western blot assay. The histological distribution of annexin was studied with immunofluorescence and confocal microscopy. RESULTS The antibody against annexin recognized a band at a molecular weight of 40.9 kDa. The histological distribution of annexin showed that the protein is mainly localized in the tegument and the protonephridia ducts. CONCLUSION In our study, annexin was detected at a molecular weight similar to that described for Schistosoma bovis. In addition, its principal localization entailed structures of the osmoregulatory system one of the most important by the survival of the parasites. This confirms and solidifies previous reports concerning the role of annexins in T. crassiceps and this will be interesting by the development of new compounds against this protein.
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Jiménez L, Castro-Nolasco NK, Fleury A, Díaz-Camacho SP, Ochoa-Sánchez A, Landa A. Evaluation of recombinant glutathione transferase 26 kDa, thioredoxin-1, and endophilin B1 of Taenia solium in the diagnosis of human neurocysticercosis. Acta Trop 2022; 227:106294. [PMID: 34963579 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Revised: 12/17/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis caused by Taenia solium larvae is a neglected disease that persists in several countries, including Mexico, and causes a high disability-adjusted life year burden. Neuroimaging tools such as computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the most efficient for its detection, but low availability and high costs in most endemic regions limit their use. Serological methods such as lentil lectin-purified glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot antibody detection and monoclonal antibody-based enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays for HP10 antigen detection have been useful in supporting the diagnosis of this disease. We evaluated three T. solium recombinant antigens: glutathione transferase of 26 kDa (Ts26GST); thioredoxin-1 (TsTrx-1), and endophilin B1 (TsMEndoB1) by EITB. These are antigenic proteins antigenic, abundant in excretion/secretion products of the parasite, and do not cross-react with homologous host proteins. Ts26GST and TsTrx-1 showed sensitivity of 79 and 88%, specificity of 86 and 97%, PPV of 83 and 97% and NPV of 82 and 91%, respectively, for neurocysticercosis diagnosis. The recombinant antigens allowed the diagnosis of 70% (Ts26GST) and 80% (TsTrx-1) of patients having only one cysticercus. Further studies on specific regions of these proteins could improve T. solium diagnostics.
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Guerrero-Hernández J, Bobes RJ, García-Varela M, Castellanos-Gonzalez A, Laclette JP. Identification and functional characterization of the siRNA pathway in Taenia crassiceps by silencing Enolase A. Acta Trop 2022; 225:106197. [PMID: 34688628 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2021.106197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
A gene silencing procedure on cysticerci of the taeniid cestode Taenia crassiceps is described. This is the first time this technique is reported in this species that is widely used as an animal model for human cysticercosis. Genome database searches were performed in order to find out if relevant genes involved in gene silencing and non-coding RNA processing, Argonaute and Dicer (AGO and Dcr) are present in T. crassiceps. We found three AGO and two Dcr orthologues that were designed TcAGO1, Tc2 and Tc3, as well as TcDcr1 and TcDcr2. In order to elucidate the evolutionary relationships of T. crassiceps TcAGO and TcDcr genes, separate phylogenetic analyses were carried out for each, including AGO and Dcr orthologues of other 20 platyhelminthes. Our findings showed a close phylogenetic relationship of TcAGO and TcDcr with those previously described for Echinococcus spp. Our RT-PCR studies demonstrated expression of all TcAGO and TcDcr orthologues. Our results show that the gene silencing machinery in T. crassiceps is functionally active by inducing silencing of TcEnoA (∼90%). These results clearly show that gene silencing using siRNAs can be used as a molecular methodology to study gene function in taeniid cestodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julio Guerrero-Hernández
- Biomedical Research Institute. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, 04510, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México
| | - Raúl J Bobes
- Biomedical Research Institute. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, 04510, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México
| | - Martín García-Varela
- Biology Institute. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, 04510, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México
| | - Alejandro Castellanos-Gonzalez
- Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, United States; Center for Tropical Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, United States..
| | - Juan P Laclette
- Biomedical Research Institute. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, 04510, Coyoacán, Cd. de México, México.
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Borvinskaya EV, Kochneva AA, Drozdova PB, Balan OV, Zgoda VG. Temperature-induced reorganisation of Schistocephalus solidus (Cestoda) proteome during the transition to the warm-blooded host. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio058719. [PMID: 34787304 PMCID: PMC8609239 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The protein composition of the cestode Schistocephalus solidus was measured in an experiment simulating the trophic transmission of the parasite from a cold-blooded to a warm-blooded host. The first hour of host colonisation was studied in a model experiment, in which sticklebacks Gasterosteus aculeatus infected with S. solidus were heated at 40°C for 1 h. As a result, a decrease in the content of one tegument protein was detected in the plerocercoids of S. solidus. Sexual maturation of the parasites was initiated in an experiment where S. solidus larvae were taken from fish and cultured in vitro at 40°C for 48 h. Temperature-independent changes in the parasite proteome were investigated by incubating plerocercoids at 22°C for 48 h in culture medium. Analysis of the proteome allowed us to distinguish the temperature-induced genes of S. solidus, as well as to specify the molecular markers of the plerocercoid and adult worms. The main conclusion of the study is that the key enzymes of long-term metabolic changes (glycogen consumption, protein production, etc.) in parasites during colonisation of a warm-blooded host are induced by temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Albina A. Kochneva
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Pushkinskaya Street, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Karelia, Russia
| | - Polina B. Drozdova
- Institute of Biology, Irkutsk State University, 3 Lenin St, 664025 Irkutsk, Russia
| | - Olga V. Balan
- Institute of Biology, Karelian Research Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 11 Pushkinskaya Street, 185910 Petrozavodsk, Karelia, Russia
| | - Victor G. Zgoda
- Department of Proteomic Research and Mass Spectrometry, Institute of Biomedical Chemistry (IBMC), 10 Pogodinskaya street, 119121 Moscow, Russia
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Wang X, Song W, Ji G, Song Y, Liu X, Luo X, Liu M, Sun S. Regulation of DNA methylation on key parasitism genes of Cysticercus cellulosae revealed by integrative epigenomic-transcriptomic analyses. Hereditas 2021; 158:28. [PMID: 34384501 PMCID: PMC8361615 DOI: 10.1186/s41065-021-00195-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The life cycle of Taenia solium is characterized by different stages of development, requiring various kinds of hosts that can appropriately harbor the eggs (proglottids), the oncospheres, the larvae and the adults. Similar to other metazoan pathogens, T. solium undergoes transcriptional and developmental regulation via epigenetics during its complex lifecycle and host interactions. Result In the present study, we integrated whole-genome bisulfite sequencing and RNA-seq technologies to characterize the genome-wide DNA methylation and its effect on transcription of Cysticercus cellulosae of T. solium. We confirm that the T. solium genome in the cysticercus stage is epigenetically modified by DNA methylation in a pattern similar to that of other invertebrate genomes, i.e., sparsely or moderately methylated. We also observed an enrichment of non-CpG methylation in defined genetic elements of the T. solium genome. Furthermore, an integrative analysis of both the transcriptome and the DNA methylome indicated a strong correlation between these two datasets, suggesting that gene expression might be tightly regulated by DNA methylation. Importantly, our data suggested that DNA methylation might play an important role in repressing key parasitism-related genes, including genes encoding excretion-secretion proteins, thereby raising the possibility of targeting DNA methylation processes as a useful strategy in therapeutics of cysticercosis. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s41065-021-00195-9.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrui Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Weiyi Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Guanyu Ji
- Shenzhen E-GENE Technology Co., LTD, B3301, Life Science Park, Shenzhen City Construction Investment Development Creative Factory, Julongshan A Road, Pingshan District, Shenzhen, 518083, China
| | - Yining Song
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, China
| | - Xiaolei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China
| | - Xuenong Luo
- Lanzhou Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Mingyuan Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, China. .,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Research, Ministry of Education, Institute of Zoonosis, College of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Shumin Sun
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for Nationalities, Tongliao, 028000, Inner Mongolia, China.
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Wititkornkul B, Hulme BJ, Tomes JJ, Allen NR, Davis CN, Davey SD, Cookson AR, Phillips HC, Hegarty MJ, Swain MT, Brophy PM, Wonfor RE, Morphew RM. Evidence of Immune Modulators in the Secretome of the Equine Tapeworm Anoplocephala perfoliata. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10070912. [PMID: 34358062 PMCID: PMC8308605 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10070912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Anoplocephala perfoliata is a neglected gastro-intestinal tapeworm, commonly infecting horses worldwide. Molecular investigation of A. perfoliata is hampered by a lack of tools to better understand the host-parasite interface. This interface is likely influenced by parasite derived immune modulators released in the secretome as free proteins or components of extracellular vesicles (EVs). Therefore, adult RNA was sequenced and de novo assembled to generate the first A. perfoliata transcriptome. In addition, excretory secretory products (ESP) from adult A. perfoliata were collected and EVs isolated using size exclusion chromatography, prior to proteomic analysis of the EVs, the EV surface and EV depleted ESP. Transcriptome analysis revealed 454 sequences homologous to known helminth immune modulators including two novel Sigma class GSTs, five α-HSP90s, and three α-enolases with isoforms of all three observed within the proteomic analysis of the secretome. Furthermore, secretome proteomics identified common helminth proteins across each sample with known EV markers, such as annexins and tetraspanins, observed in EV fractions. Importantly, 49 of the 454 putative immune modulators were identified across the secretome proteomics contained within and on the surface of EVs in addition to those identified in free ESP. This work provides the molecular tools for A. perfoliata to reveal key players in the host-parasite interaction within the horse host.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boontarikaan Wititkornkul
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
- Faculty of Veterinary Science, Rajamangala University of Technology Srivijaya, Nakhon Si Thammarat 80240, Thailand
| | - Benjamin J. Hulme
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
| | - John J. Tomes
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Nathan R. Allen
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Chelsea N. Davis
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Sarah D. Davey
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Alan R. Cookson
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Helen C. Phillips
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Matthew J. Hegarty
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Martin T. Swain
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Peter M. Brophy
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
| | - Ruth E. Wonfor
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
- Correspondence: (R.E.W.); (R.M.M.)
| | - Russell M. Morphew
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth SY23 3DA, UK; (B.W.); (B.J.H.); (J.J.T.); (N.R.A.); (C.N.D.); (S.D.D.); (A.R.C.); (H.C.P.); (M.J.H.); (M.T.S.); (P.M.B.)
- Correspondence: (R.E.W.); (R.M.M.)
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11
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Dixon MA, Winskill P, Harrison WE, Basáñez MG. Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis: From parasite biology and immunology to diagnosis and control. ADVANCES IN PARASITOLOGY 2021; 112:133-217. [PMID: 34024358 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apar.2021.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Infection with the pork tapeworm (Taenia solium) is responsible for a substantial global burden of disease, not only restricted to its impact on human health, but also resulting in a considerable economic burden to smallholder pig farmers due to pig cysticercosis infection. The life-cycle, parasitology and immunology of T. solium are complex, involving pigs (the intermediate host, harbouring the larval metacestode stage), humans (the definitive host, harbouring the adult tapeworm, in addition to acting as accidental intermediate hosts) and the environment (the source of infection with eggs/proglottids). We review the parasitology, immunology, and epidemiology of the infection associated with each of the T. solium life-cycle stages, including the pre-adult/adult tapeworm responsible for human taeniasis; post-oncosphere and cysticercus associated with porcine and human cysticercosis, and the biological characteristics of eggs in the environment. We discuss the burden associated, in endemic settings, with neurocysticercosis (NCC) in humans, and the broader cross-sectoral economic impact associated both with NCC and porcine cysticercosis, the latter impacting food-value chains. Existing tools for diagnostics and control interventions that target different stages of the T. solium transmission cycle are reviewed and their limitations discussed. Currently, no national T. solium control programmes have been established in endemic areas, with further work required to identify optimal strategies according to epidemiological setting. There is increasing evidence suggesting that cross-sectoral interventions which target the parasite in both the human and pig host provide the most effective approaches for achieving control and ultimately elimination. We discuss future avenues for research on T. solium to support the attainment of the goals proposed in the revised World Health Organisation neglected tropical diseases roadmap for 2021-2030 adopted at the 73rd World Health Assembly in November 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew A Dixon
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; Schistosomiasis Control Initiative Foundation (SCI Foundation), London, United Kingdom
| | - Peter Winskill
- MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy E Harrison
- Schistosomiasis Control Initiative Foundation (SCI Foundation), London, United Kingdom
| | - Maria-Gloria Basáñez
- London Centre for Neglected Tropical Disease Research (LCNTDR), Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom; MRC Centre for Global Infectious Disease Analysis, Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom.
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12
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Gomez-Fuentes S, Hernández-de la Fuente S, Morales-Ruiz V, López-Recinos D, Guevara-Salinas A, Parada-Colin MC, Espitia C, Ochoa-Leyva A, Sánchez F, Villalobos N, Arce-Sillas A, Hernández M, Mora SI, Fragoso G, Sciutto E, Adalid-Peralta L. A novel, sequencing-free strategy for the functional characterization of Taenia solium proteomic fingerprint. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2021; 15:e0009104. [PMID: 33600419 PMCID: PMC7924735 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0009104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The flatworm Taenia solium causes human and pig cysticercosis. When cysticerci are established in the human central nervous system, they cause neurocysticercosis, a potentially fatal disease. Neurocysticercosis is a persisting public health problem in rural regions of Mexico and other developing countries of Latin America, Asia, and Africa, where the infection is endemic. The great variability observed in the phenotypic and genotypic traits of cysticerci result in a great heterogeneity in the patterns of molecules secreted by them within their host. This work is aimed to identify and characterize cysticercal secretion proteins of T. solium cysticerci obtained from 5 naturally infected pigs from Guerrero, Mexico, using 2D-PAGE proteomic analysis. The isoelectric point (IP) and molecular weight (MW) of the spots were identified using the software ImageMaster 2D Platinum v.7.0. Since most secreted proteins are impossible to identify by mass spectrometry (MS) due to their low concentration in the sample, a novel strategy to predict their sequence was applied. In total, 108 conserved and 186 differential proteins were identified in five cysticercus cultures. Interestingly, we predicted the sequence of 14 proteins that were common in four out of five cysticercus cultures, which could be used to design vaccines or diagnostic methods for neurocysticercosis. A functional characterization of all sequences was performed using the algorithms SecretomeP, SignalP, and BlastKOALA. We found a possible link between signal transduction pathways in parasite cells and human cancer due to deregulation in signal transduction pathways. Bioinformatics analysis also demonstrated that the parasite release proteins by an exosome-like mechanism, which could be of biological interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Gomez-Fuentes
- Unidad Periférica de Neuroinflamación para el estudio de patologías neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México, México
| | - Sarah Hernández-de la Fuente
- Unidad Periférica de Neuroinflamación para el estudio de patologías neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México, México
| | - Valeria Morales-Ruiz
- Unidad Periférica de Neuroinflamación para el estudio de patologías neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México, México
| | - Dina López-Recinos
- Unidad Periférica de Neuroinflamación para el estudio de patologías neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México, México
| | - Adrián Guevara-Salinas
- Unidad Periférica de Neuroinflamación para el estudio de patologías neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México, México
| | - María Cristina Parada-Colin
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - Clara Espitia
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - Adrián Ochoa-Leyva
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos
| | - Filiberto Sánchez
- Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Chamilpa, Cuernavaca, Morelos
| | - Nelly Villalobos
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - Asiel Arce-Sillas
- Unidad Periférica de Neuroinflamación para el estudio de patologías neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México, México
| | - Marisela Hernández
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - Silvia Ivonne Mora
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Departamento de Inmunología, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, México, México
| | - Laura Adalid-Peralta
- Unidad Periférica de Neuroinflamación para el estudio de patologías neurológicas del Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en el Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, México, México
- Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía, La Fama, México, México
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13
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Díaz-Zaragoza M, Jiménez L, Hernández M, Hernández-Ávila R, Navarro L, Ochoa-Sánchez A, Encarnación-Guevara S, Ostoa-Saloma P, Landa A. Protein expression profile of Taenia crassiceps cysticerci related to Th1- and Th2-type responses in the mouse cysticercosis model. Acta Trop 2020; 212:105696. [PMID: 32956635 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2020.105696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The intraperitoneal cysticercosis model with the Taenia crassiceps ORF strain in female BALB/cAnN mice has been widely used to study the immune response in cysticercosis. During early infection (2 weeks), the host develops a non-permissive Th1 response, whereas during late infection (8 weeks), molecules from the cysticerci induce a Th2 response that is permissive to parasite growth. The modulation of the Th2 response is induced by molecules excreted/secreted by the larval stage of the parasite. However, there is limited information regarding the response of cysticerci to the mouse immunological environment during infection. The proteomic profiles in T. crassiceps ORF cysticerci when faced with the mouse Th1 and Th2 responses were analyzed through two-dimensional gel electrophoresis (2DE), and the differential expression of proteins was evaluated. Thirteen proteins, whose differential expression varied between 70% and 100%, were selected randomly. Protein identification by MALDI-TOF MS and BLAST showed that the proteins were related to folding, signaling, enzymatic activities, cell-movement regulation, cell-cell interactions, motility, carbohydrate metabolism, detoxification, and redox regulation processes. Notably, some of the proteins can act as antigenic-protective molecules and elicit a weak Th1 response; however, most are involved in the avoidance of the immune system, which leads to a Th2 response, or apoptosis. The findings indicate the process by which T. crassiceps cysticerci responds based on the host environment and provides novel insights into the mechanism by which this facilitates its establishment and persistence in the mouse. Furthermore, these proteins could be used as targets for drug and vaccine development.
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Arora N, Prasad A. Taenia solium proteins: a beautiful kaleidoscope of pro and anti-inflammatory antigens. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:609-622. [PMID: 32985289 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1829486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is an acquired infection of central nervous system associated with epileptic seizures. The parasite 'Taenia solium' causes this disease and has a complex life cycle and molts into various stages that influence the host-parasite interaction. The disease has a long asymptomatic phase with viable cyst and degeneration of cyst and leaking cyst fluid has been associated with symptomatic phase. The parasite proteome holds the answers and clues to this complex clinical presentation and hence unraveling of proteome of parasite antigens is needed for better understanding of host-parasite interactions. Objective: To understand the proteome make-up of T. solium cyst vesicular fluid (VF) and excretory secretory proteins (ESPs). Methodology: The VF and ESPs for the study were prepared from cyst harvested from naturally infected swine. The samples were prepared for nano LC-MS by in-tube digestion of proteins. The spectra obtained were annotated and enrichment analysis was performed and in silico analysis was done. Results: T. solium VF and ESPs have 206 and 247 proteins of varied make-up including pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory nature. Conclusions: Due to varied make-up of VF and ESPs it can generate complex humoral and cellular immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naina Arora
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi , Mandi, India
| | - Amit Prasad
- School of Basic Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology Mandi , Mandi, India
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15
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Stryiński R, Łopieńska-Biernat E, Carrera M. Proteomic Insights into the Biology of the Most Important Foodborne Parasites in Europe. Foods 2020; 9:E1403. [PMID: 33022912 PMCID: PMC7601233 DOI: 10.3390/foods9101403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Foodborne parasitoses compared with bacterial and viral-caused diseases seem to be neglected, and their unrecognition is a serious issue. Parasitic diseases transmitted by food are currently becoming more common. Constantly changing eating habits, new culinary trends, and easier access to food make foodborne parasites' transmission effortless, and the increase in the diagnosis of foodborne parasitic diseases in noted worldwide. This work presents the applications of numerous proteomic methods into the studies on foodborne parasites and their possible use in targeted diagnostics. Potential directions for the future are also provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert Stryiński
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Elżbieta Łopieńska-Biernat
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn, 10-719 Olsztyn, Poland;
| | - Mónica Carrera
- Department of Food Technology, Marine Research Institute (IIM), Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), 36-208 Vigo, Spain
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16
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Kutyrev IA, Goreva OB, Mazur OE, Mordvinov VA. A Study of Protein Fractional Composition during Incubation of Diphyllobothrium dendriticum (Cestoda) Plerocercoids in a Medium Containing Blood Serum of the Host, the Baikal Omul Coregonus migratorius (Coregonidae). BIOL BULL+ 2020. [DOI: 10.1134/s1062359020040081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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17
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Zhang S. Screening and verification for proteins that interact with leucine aminopeptidase of Taenia pisiformis using a yeast two-hybrid system. Parasitol Res 2019; 118:3387-3398. [PMID: 31728719 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-019-06510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Leucine aminopeptidase of Taenia pisiformis (TpLAP) belonging to the M17 peptidase family has been implicated as a stage-differentially expressed protein in the adult stage of T. pisiformis. In order to further dissect the biological functions of TpLAP in the growth and development of adult worms, TpLAP-interacting partners were investigated. In this study, a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) cDNA library from adult T. pisiformis was constructed. Using pGBKT7-TpLAP as bait, proteins interacting with TpLAP were screened by Y2H system and positive preys were sequenced and analyzed using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (BLAST). Our results showed that six genuine TpLAP-interacting proteins, including LAP, dynein light chain (DLC), SUMO-conjugating enzyme (UBC9), histone-lysine n-methyltransferase, trans-acting transcriptional, and one unknown protein, were identified via Y2H assay. Furthermore, the interaction between TpLAP and UBC9 of T. pisiformis (TpUBC9), an important protein involved in SUMOylation pathway, was further validated by one-to-one Y2H assay, co-immunoprecipitation, and confocal analysis. These findings provide a deeper understanding of the biological functions of TpLAP and offer the first clue that TpLAP may act as a novel SUMOylated substrate, suggesting that the SUMO modification pathway plays an important role in regulation of adult worm growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 1 Xujiaping, Yanchangbu, Lanzhou, Gansu Province, 730046, People's Republic of China.
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18
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Liang P, Mao L, Zhang S, Guo X, Liu G, Wang L, Hou J, Zheng Y, Luo X. Identification and molecular characterization of exosome-like vesicles derived from the Taenia asiatica adult worm. Acta Trop 2019; 198:105036. [PMID: 31125559 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2019.05.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2018] [Revised: 05/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Taenia asiatica is an important food-borne parasite that poses a threat to food-safety and animal husbandry hygine, yet little is known about its specific infection and immune escape mechanisms. Exosome-like vesicles have recently emerged as a regulator in the interactions between parasites and hosts, providing a new direction for research on infection of T. asiatica. In this experiment, exosome-like vesicles were collected from the excretory/secretory products of cultured T. asiatica and isolated by differential centrifugation. The purified vesicles, ranging from 30 to 150 nm in size, were identified as exosome-like vesicles by transmission electron microscope and Nanoparticle tracking analysis. Proteomics analysis identified 455 proteins in the exosome-like vesicles. Of these proteins, enzymes involved in metabolic processes were identified, including glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase, fructose-1, 6-bisphosphate aldolase, cytosolic malate dehydrogenase, and enolase. The two most abundant proteins from proteomic analysis, 14-3-3 and enolase, were shown to be present in the exosome-like vesicles by immunogold labeling. High-throughput RNA sequencing yielded twenty known miRNAs present in exosome-like vesicle sRNA libraries. Nine of the miRNAs, including six known miRNAs (tas-miR-71, tas-miR-1, tas-miR-7, tas-miR-9, tas-miR-10, and tas-let-7) and three newly discovered miRNAs (tas-m0022-3p, tas-m0816-3p, tas-m0082-5p), were confirmed by RT-qPCR as present in T. asiatica adult worm extracts and secreted exosome-like vesicles in T. asiatica. Additionally, we demonstrated that exosome-like vesicles experimentally labeled with PKH67 were internalized by LoVo cells in vitro. These findings provide new insights into the interaction between tapeworms and hosts mediated by exosome-like vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panhong Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Li Mao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Shaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Xiaola Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Guangxue Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China; College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Lijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Junling Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Yadong Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China
| | - Xuenong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, Lanzhou, 730046, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for the Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Disease and Zoonoses, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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19
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da Costa GCV, Peralta RHS, Kalume DE, Alves ALGM, Peralta JM. A gel-free proteomic analysis of Taenia solium and Taenia crassiceps cysticerci vesicular extracts. Parasitol Res 2018; 117:3781-3790. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-018-6080-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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20
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Pathological, immunological and parasitological study of sheep vaccinated with the recombinant protein 14-3-3z and experimentally infected with Fasciola hepatica. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2018; 202:115-121. [PMID: 30078585 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2018.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the immunogenicity and protective capacity of a new recombinant vaccine candidate, the rFh14-3-3z protein was analysed in sheep experimentally challenged with Fasciola hepatica, in terms of fluke burden, faecal egg counts, hepatic damage and humoral immune response. Three groups of 8 animals each were used for study, group 1 was immunised with the rFh14-3-3z in Montanide adjuvant, whereas group 2 and 3 remained as adjuvant control and infection control groups, respectively. The parasitological analysis showed that no significant reduction in fluke burden, fluke size and faecal egg counts was detected. The extent of hepatic damage was very similar between groups. Nonetheless, animals immunised with the rFh14-3-3z protein induced the development of specific IgG1 and IgG2, being the IgG1 the predominant antibody; which confirms the immunogenicity of this protein in sheep. This is the first report of the 14-3-3z proteins as vaccine against the infection with F. hepatica.
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21
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Ayón-Núñez DA, Fragoso G, Espitia C, García-Varela M, Soberón X, Rosas G, Laclette JP, Bobes RJ. Identification and characterization of Taenia solium enolase as a plasminogen-binding protein. Acta Trop 2018; 182:69-79. [PMID: 29466706 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 02/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The larval stage of Taenia solium (cysticerci) is the causal agent of human and swine cysticercosis. When ingested by the host, T. solium eggs are activated and hatch in the intestine, releasing oncospheres that migrate to various tissues and evolve into cysticerci. Plasminogen (Plg) receptor proteins have been reported to play a role in migration processes for several pathogens. This work is aimed to identify Plg-binding proteins in T. solium cysticerci and determine whether T. solium recombinant enolase (rTsEnoA) is capable of specifically binding and activating human Plg. To identify Plg-binding proteins, a 2D-SDS-PAGE ligand blotting was performed, and recognized spots were identified by MS/MS. Seven proteins from T. solium cysticerci were found capable of binding Plg: fascicilin-1, fasciclin-2, enolase, MAPK, annexin, actin, and cytosolic malate dehydrogenase. To determine whether rTsEnoA binds human Plg, a ligand blotting was performed and the results were confirmed by ELISA both in the presence and absence of εACA, a competitive Plg inhibitor. Finally, rTsEnoA-bound Plg was activated to plasmin in the presence of tPA. To better understand the evolution of enolase isoforms in T. solium, a phylogenetic inference analysis including 75 enolase amino acid sequences was conducted. The origin of flatworm enolase isoforms, except for Eno4, is independent of their vertebrate counterparts. Therefore, herein we propose to designate tapeworm protein isoforms as A, B, C, and 4. In conclusion, recombinant enolase showed a strong plasminogen binding and activating activity in vitro. T. solium enolase could play a role in parasite invasion along with other plasminogen-binding proteins.
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22
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Molecular and biochemical characterization of Taenia solium α-enolase. Vet Parasitol 2018; 254:36-42. [PMID: 29657009 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2018.02.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2017] [Revised: 02/24/2018] [Accepted: 02/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Enolase (EC 4.2.1.11) acts as a multifunctional enzyme in many organisms, being involved in metabolism, transcription regulation and pathogenesis. In the current study, the recombinant α-enolase from Taenia solium (His-Tseno) was prepared and antiserum against His-Tseno was generated in rabbits. Consequently, we analyzed the enzymatic characteristics, plasminogen binding activity, tissue localization and expression patterns of Tseno. The study demonstrated that the enzymatic activity of His-Tseno was enhanced at pH around 7.0-7.5 and affected by addition of metal ions. Kinetic measurements using 2-phospho-d-glycerate (2-PGA) substrates gave a specific activity of 60.72 ± 0.84 U/mg and 1.1 mM of Km2-PGA value. Plasminogen binding assay showed that His-Tseno could bind to human plasminogen and generate plasmin activated by a tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA). In addition, the lysine analogue 6-aminocaproic acid (ε-ACA) could inhibit the binding of plasminogen to His-Tseno. Quantitative real-time PCR confirmed that Tseno was expressed 2.38 folds higher in the adult worms (p < 0.05) than in the cysticerci. Further, an immunolocalization assay indicated that native Tseno was mainly distributed in the tegument and eggs of gravid proglottis from adult T. solium. In conclusion, Tseno executes the innate glycolytic function to supply energy for the growth, egg production, and even invasion of T. solium.
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Marzano V, Mancinelli L, Bracaglia G, Del Chierico F, Vernocchi P, Di Girolamo F, Garrone S, Tchidjou Kuekou H, D’Argenio P, Dallapiccola B, Urbani A, Putignani L. "Omic" investigations of protozoa and worms for a deeper understanding of the human gut "parasitome". PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005916. [PMID: 29095820 PMCID: PMC5667730 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The human gut has been continuously exposed to a broad spectrum of intestinal organisms, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, and parasites (protozoa and worms), over millions of years of coevolution, and plays a central role in human health. The modern lifestyles of Western countries, such as the adoption of highly hygienic habits, the extensive use of antimicrobial drugs, and increasing globalisation, have dramatically altered the composition of the gut milieu, especially in terms of its eukaryotic “citizens.” In the past few decades, numerous studies have highlighted the composition and role of human intestinal bacteria in physiological and pathological conditions, while few investigations exist on gut parasites and particularly on their coexistence and interaction with the intestinal microbiota. Studies of the gut “parasitome” through “omic” technologies, such as (meta)genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics, are herein reviewed to better understand their role in the relationships between intestinal parasites, host, and resident prokaryotes, whether pathogens or commensals. Systems biology–based profiles of the gut “parasitome” under physiological and severe disease conditions can indeed contribute to the control of infectious diseases and offer a new perspective of omics-assisted tropical medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Marzano
- Human Microbiome Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Livia Mancinelli
- Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Giorgia Bracaglia
- Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Pamela Vernocchi
- Human Microbiome Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Stefano Garrone
- Laboratory Medicine, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Patrizia D’Argenio
- Pediatric Immuno-infectivology, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Bruno Dallapiccola
- Scientific Directorate, Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Andrea Urbani
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biochemical Clinic, Faculty of Medicine and Surgery–Policlinico A. Gemelli, Catholic University of Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
- Proteomic and Metabonomic Unit, Fondazione Santa Lucia IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - Lorenza Putignani
- Human Microbiome Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Parasitology Unit, Bambino Gesù Children’s Hospital IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- * E-mail:
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24
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Navarrete-Perea J, Isasa M, Paulo JA, Corral-Corral R, Flores-Bautista J, Hernández-Téllez B, Bobes RJ, Fragoso G, Sciutto E, Soberón X, Gygi SP, Laclette JP. Quantitative multiplexed proteomics of Taenia solium cysts obtained from the skeletal muscle and central nervous system of pigs. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2017; 11:e0005962. [PMID: 28945737 PMCID: PMC5634658 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In human and porcine cysticercosis caused by the tapeworm Taenia solium, the larval stage (cysts) can infest several tissues including the central nervous system (CNS) and the skeletal muscles (SM). The cyst’s proteomics changes associated with the tissue localization in the host tissues have been poorly studied. Quantitative multiplexed proteomics has the power to evaluate global proteome changes in response to different conditions. Here, using a TMT-multiplexed strategy we identified and quantified over 4,200 proteins in cysts obtained from the SM and CNS of pigs, of which 891 were host proteins. To our knowledge, this is the most extensive intermixing of host and parasite proteins reported for tapeworm infections.Several antigens in cysticercosis, i.e., GP50, paramyosin and a calcium-binding protein were enriched in skeletal muscle cysts. Our results suggested the occurrence of tissue-enriched antigen that could be useful in the improvement of the immunodiagnosis for cysticercosis. Using several algorithms for epitope detection, we selected 42 highly antigenic proteins enriched for each tissue localization of the cysts. Taking into account the fold changes and the antigen/epitope contents, we selected 10 proteins and produced synthetic peptides from the best epitopes. Nine peptides were recognized by serum antibodies of cysticercotic pigs, suggesting that those peptides are antigens. Mixtures of peptides derived from SM and CNS cysts yielded better results than mixtures of peptides derived from a single tissue location, however the identification of the ‘optimal’ tissue-enriched antigens remains to be discovered. Through machine learning technologies, we determined that a reliable immunodiagnostic test for porcine cysticercosis required at least five different antigenic determinants. Human and porcine cysticercosis caused by Taenia solium is a parasite disease still endemic in developing countries. The cysts can be located in different host tissues, including different organs of the central nervous system and the skeletal muscles. The molecular mechanisms associated with the tissue localization of the cysts are not well understood. Here, we described the proteome changes of the cysts obtained from different host tissues from infected pigs using quantitative multiplex proteomics. We explored the diversity of host proteins identified in the cyst’s protein extracts and we also explored the immune-localization of several host-related proteins within the cysts, and propose their possible function. We identified several proteins and antigens enriched for a given tissue localization. Several synthetic peptides designed from these tissue-enriched antigens were tested trough ELISA. Using a combination of peptide mixtures and machine learning technologies we were able to distinguish non cysticercotic and cysticercotic pig’s sera. The tissue-enriched proteins/antigens could be useful for the development of improved immuno-diagnostic tests capable of discriminate the tissue-localization of the cysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Navarrete-Perea
- Dept. of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Marta Isasa
- Dept. of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Dept. of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Ricardo Corral-Corral
- Dept. of Biochemistry and Structural Biology, Institute of Cell Physiology, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Jeanette Flores-Bautista
- Dept. of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Beatriz Hernández-Téllez
- Dept. of Tissue and Cell Biology, School of Medicine, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Raúl J Bobes
- Dept. of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Gladis Fragoso
- Dept. of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Dept. of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Xavier Soberón
- Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Ciudad de México, México.,Dept. of Biocatalysis and Cellular Engineering, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Morelos, México
| | - Steven P Gygi
- Dept. of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Juan P Laclette
- Dept. of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
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25
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Ahn CS, Kim JG, Han X, Kang I, Kong Y. Comparison of Echinococcus multilocularis and Echinococcus granulosus hydatid fluid proteome provides molecular strategies for specialized host-parasite interactions. Oncotarget 2017; 8:97009-97024. [PMID: 29228589 PMCID: PMC5722541 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar and cystic echinococcoses, caused by the metacestodes of Echinococcus multilocularis and E. granulosus, are prevalent in several regions and invoke deleterious zoonotic helminthiases. Hydatid fluid (HF), which contains proteinaceous and non-proteinaceous secretions of the parasite- and host-derived components, critically affects the host-parasite interplay and disease progression. We conducted HF proteome profiling of fully mature E. multilocularis vesicle (nine months postinfection) and E. granulosus cyst (stage 2). We identified 120 and 153 proteins, respectively, in each fluid. Fifty-six and 84 proteins represented distinct species; 44 and 66 were parasites, and 12 and 18 were host-derived proteins. The five major parasite protein populations, which included antigen B isoforms, metabolic enzymes, proteases and inhibitors, extracellular matrix molecules (ECMs), and developmental proteins, were abundantly distributed in both fluids and also exclusively in one sample or the other. Carbohydrate-metabolizing enzymes were enriched in E. granulosus HF. In the E. multilocularis HF, proteins that constitute ECMs, which might facilitate adhesion and cytogenesis, were highly expressed. Those molecules had physical and functional relationships along with their biochemical properties through protein-protein interaction networks. Twelve host-derived proteins were largely segregated to serum components. The major proteins commonly and uniquely detected in these HFs and their symbiotic interactome relationships might reflect their biological roles in similar but distinct modes of maturation, invasion, and the longevity of the parasites in the hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Seob Ahn
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jeong-Geun Kim
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
| | - Xiumin Han
- Qinghai Province Institute for Endemic Diseases Prevention and Control, Xining, China.,Clinical Research Institute for Hydatid Disease, Qinghai Provincial People's Hospital, Xining, China
| | - Insug Kang
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Kong
- Department of Molecular Parasitology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
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26
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Liu G, Liang P, Zhang S, Guo A, Wang L, Zheng Y, Luo X. TsPKA-r: a potential immunodiagnostic antigen for the detection of porcine cysticercosis. Acta Trop 2017; 171:80-85. [PMID: 28359828 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2017.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2016] [Revised: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 03/25/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cysticercosis, caused by metacestodes of Taenia solium, has a significant soci-economic impact and is of considerable importance in public health. However, there are no specific diagnostic antigens to distinguish between T. solim and Taenia hydatigena. In the present study, cAMP-dependent protein kinase regulatory subunit (TsPKA-r), an excretory/secretary (ES) antigen of T. solium, was used to establish a specific and sensitive diagnostic tool for detection of porcine cysticercosis. The full-length sequence encoding TsPKA-r was amplified by PCR, sequenced and then identified by bioinformatics. The fusion protein with 6×His-tags was expressed in E. coli, purified by Ni Sepharose™ 6 Fast Flow and used to test reactionogenicity by immunoblotting. TsPKA-r based indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (iELISA) showed good performance in recognition of sera of pigs experimentally infected with T. solium metacestodes, with 93.88% sensitivity and 96.40% specificity. There were no cross-reactions against the sera from pigs experimentally infected with T. hydatigena, Toxoplasma gondii or Trichinella spiralis. These results indicate that the TsPKA-r is a promising immunodiagnostic antigen for detection of porcine cysticercosis.
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27
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Ancarola ME, Marcilla A, Herz M, Macchiaroli N, Pérez M, Asurmendi S, Brehm K, Poncini C, Rosenzvit M, Cucher M. Cestode parasites release extracellular vesicles with microRNAs and immunodiagnostic protein cargo. Int J Parasitol 2017; 47:675-686. [PMID: 28668323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 04/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Intercellular communication is crucial in multiple aspects of cell biology. This interaction can be mediated by several mechanisms including extracellular vesicle (EV) transfer. EV secretion by parasites has been reported in protozoans, trematodes and nematodes. Here we report that this mechanism is present in three different species of cestodes, Taenia crassiceps, Mesocestoides corti and Echinococcus multilocularis. To confirm this we determined, in vitro, the presence of EVs in culture supernatants by transmission electron microscopy. Interestingly, while T. crassiceps and M. corti metacestodes secrete membranous structures into the culture media, similar vesicles were observed in the interface of the germinal and laminated layers of E. multilocularis metacestodes and were hardly detected in culture supernatants. We then determined the protein cargo in the EV-enriched secreted fractions of T. crassiceps and M. corti conditioned media by LC-MS/MS. Among the identified proteins, eukaryotic vesicle-enriched proteins were identified as expected, but also proteins used for cestode disease diagnosis, proteins related to neurotransmission, lipid binding proteins as well as host immunoglobulins and complement factors. Finally, we confirmed by capillary electrophoresis the presence of intravesicular RNA for both parasites and detected microRNAs by reverse transcription-PCR. This is the first report of EV secretion in cestode parasites and of an RNA secretion mechanism. These findings will provide valuable data not only for basic cestode biology but also for the rational search for new diagnostic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Eugenia Ancarola
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155, Piso 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Antonio Marcilla
- Área de Parasitología, Departamento de Farmacia y Tecnología Farmacéutica y Parasitología, Universitat de València, Burjassot, Valencia, Spain; Joint Research Unit on Endocrinology, Nutrition and Clinical Dietetics, Health Research Institute-La Fe, Universitat de València, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Michaela Herz
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Natalia Macchiaroli
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155, Piso 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Matías Pérez
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155, Piso 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sebastián Asurmendi
- Instituto de Biotecnología, CICVyA-INTA, Dr. N. Repetto y Los Reseros s/n, 1686 Hurlingham, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Klaus Brehm
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Hygiene and Microbiology, Josef-Schneider-Strasse 2, D-97080 Würzburg, Germany
| | - Carolina Poncini
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155, Piso 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mara Rosenzvit
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155, Piso 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcela Cucher
- Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM, UBA-CONICET), Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Buenos Aires (UBA), Paraguay 2155, Piso 13, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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28
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Vendelova E, Camargo de Lima J, Lorenzatto KR, Monteiro KM, Mueller T, Veepaschit J, Grimm C, Brehm K, Hrčková G, Lutz MB, Ferreira HB, Nono JK. Proteomic Analysis of Excretory-Secretory Products of Mesocestoides corti Metacestodes Reveals Potential Suppressors of Dendritic Cell Functions. PLoS Negl Trop Dis 2016; 10:e0005061. [PMID: 27736880 PMCID: PMC5063416 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0005061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Accumulating evidences have assigned a central role to parasite-derived proteins in immunomodulation. Here, we report on the proteomic identification and characterization of immunomodulatory excretory-secretory (ES) products from the metacestode larva (tetrathyridium) of the tapeworm Mesocestoides corti (syn. M. vogae). We demonstrate that ES products but not larval homogenates inhibit the stimuli-driven release of the pro-inflammatory, Th1-inducing cytokine IL-12p70 by murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs). Within the ES fraction, we biochemically narrowed down the immunosuppressive activity to glycoproteins since active components were lipid-free, but sensitive to heat- and carbohydrate-treatment. Finally, using bioassay-guided chromatographic analyses assisted by comparative proteomics of active and inactive fractions of the ES products, we defined a comprehensive list of candidate proteins released by M. corti tetrathyridia as potential suppressors of DC functions. Our study provides a comprehensive library of somatic and ES products and highlight some candidate parasite factors that might drive the subversion of DC functions to facilitate the persistence of M. corti tetrathyridia in their hosts. The metacestode larval stages of life-threatening tapeworms grow within the organs of its mammalian hosts, thus causing severe and long-lasting morbidity. Immunosuppression, which mainly depends on factors that are released or leaking from the parasite, plays an important role in both survival and proliferation of the larvae. These parasite-derived molecules are potential targets for developing new anti-parasitic drugs and/or improving the effectiveness of current therapies. Moreover, an optimized use of such factors could help to minimize pathologies resulting from uncontrolled immune responses, like allergies and autoimmune diseases. The authors herein demonstrate that larvae from a parasitic cestode release factors that sufficiently support the suppression of dendritic cells, a set of innate immune cells that recognizes and initiates host immune responses against invading pathogens. Employing modern analytic proteomic tools combined with immunological bioassays, several cestode-derived candidate immunomodulators were identified. This is the first bioassay-guided comprehensive library of candidate immunomodulators from a tissue-dwelling cestode larva. This work validates the unmet value of the Mesocestoides corti system in characterizing the mechanisms of host immunomodulation by metacestodes and reveals the largest database of candidate metacestode-derived immunomodulators until date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Vendelova
- Institute of Parasitology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Jeferson Camargo de Lima
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karina Rodrigues Lorenzatto
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Karina Mariante Monteiro
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Thomas Mueller
- Lehrstuhl für Molekulare Pflanzenphysiologie und Biophysik, Julius-von-Sachs Institut der Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Clemens Grimm
- Lehrstuhl für Biochemie, Biozentrum der Universität Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Klaus Brehm
- University of Würzburg, Institute for Hygiene and Microbiology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Gabriela Hrčková
- Institute of Parasitology of the Slovak Academy of Sciences, Košice, Slovak Republic
| | - Manfred B. Lutz
- University of Würzburg, Institute of Virology and Immunobiology, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Henrique B. Ferreira
- Laboratório de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia Molecular e Biotecnologia, Instituto de Biociências, (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
- * E-mail: (JKN); (HBF)
| | - Justin Komguep Nono
- Institute of Infectious Diseases and Molecular Medicine (IDM), Division of Immunology, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
- Institute of Medical Research and Medicinal Plant Studies (IMPM), Ministry of Scientific Research and Innovation, Yaoundé, Cameroon
- * E-mail: (JKN); (HBF)
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Zhang S, Luo X, Guo A, Zhu X, Cai X. Generation and characterization of monoclonal antibodies specific for 18 kDa antigen from Taenia solium cysticerci. Exp Parasitol 2016; 166:75-82. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2016.03.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2015] [Revised: 01/23/2016] [Accepted: 03/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Role of porcine serum haptoglobin in the host-parasite relationship of Taenia solium cysticercosis. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2016; 207:61-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2016.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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31
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Yılmaz Ş, Victor B, Hulstaert N, Vandermarliere E, Barsnes H, Degroeve S, Gupta S, Sticker A, Gabriël S, Dorny P, Palmblad M, Martens L. A Pipeline for Differential Proteomics in Unsequenced Species. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:1963-70. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Şule Yılmaz
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
- Department
of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics
Institute Ghent, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Bjorn Victor
- Veterinary
Helminthology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Niels Hulstaert
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
- Department
of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics
Institute Ghent, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elien Vandermarliere
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
- Department
of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics
Institute Ghent, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Harald Barsnes
- Proteomics
Unit (PROBE), Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Jonas Liesvei 91, N-5009 Bergen, Norway
| | - Sven Degroeve
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
- Department
of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics
Institute Ghent, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Surya Gupta
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
- Department
of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics
Institute Ghent, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Adriaan Sticker
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
- Department
of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics
Institute Ghent, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department
of Applied Mathematics, Computer Science, and Statistics, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sarah Gabriël
- Veterinary
Helminthology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Pierre Dorny
- Veterinary
Helminthology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, 2000 Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Magnus Palmblad
- Center
for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2300 RC Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lennart Martens
- Medical Biotechnology Center, VIB, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, Ghent B-9000, Belgium
- Department
of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Albert Baertsoenkaai 3, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
- Bioinformatics
Institute Ghent, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium
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García-Montoya GM, Mesa-Arango JA, Isaza-Agudelo JP, Agudelo-Lopez SP, Cabarcas F, Barrera LF, Alzate JF. Transcriptome profiling of the cysticercus stage of the laboratory model Taenia crassiceps, strain ORF. Acta Trop 2016; 154:50-62. [PMID: 26571070 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2015] [Revised: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Neurocysticercosis (NC) is a serious public health problem mainly in developing countries. NC caused by the cysticercus stage from cestode Taenia solium is considered by the WHO and ITFDE as a potentially eradicable disease. Definitive diagnosis of NC is challenging because of the unspecific clinical manifestations such as the non-definitive evidence presented by neuroimaging (in most cases) and the lack of definitive serological test. Taenia crassiceps (ORF strain) is a cestode closely related to T. solium and it has frequently been used as a source of antigens for immunodiagnostics. A murine model to study host immune response to infection has also been established by using T. crassiceps. Despite the extensive use of T. crassiceps for research, molecular information for this cestode is scarce in public databases. With the aim of providing more extensive information on T. crassiceps biology, an RNA-seq experiment and subsequent bioinformatic transcriptome processing of this cestode parasite mRNA in its cysticercus stage were carried out. A total of 227,082 read/ESTs were sequenced using the 454-GS FLX Titanium technology and assembled into 10,787 contigs. This transcriptome dataset represents new and valuable molecular information of the cestode T. crassiceps (ORF). This information will substantially improve public information and will help to achieve a better understanding of the biology of T. crassiceps and to identify target proteins for serodiagnosis and vaccination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jairo A Mesa-Arango
- Grupo de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia; Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica-CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria-SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Juan P Isaza-Agudelo
- Grupo de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia; Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica-CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria-SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
| | | | - Felipe Cabarcas
- Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica-CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria-SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia; Grupo Sistemas Embebidos e Inteligencia Computacional-SISTEMIC, Departamento de Ingeniería Electrónica, Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia
| | - Luis F Barrera
- Grupo de Inmunología Celular e Inmunogenética, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia-GICIG, Colombia
| | - Juan F Alzate
- Grupo de Parasitología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia; Centro Nacional de Secuenciación Genómica-CNSG, Sede de Investigación Universitaria-SIU, Universidad de Antioquia, Colombia.
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Navarrete-Perea J, Orozco-Ramírez R, Moguel B, Sciutto E, Bobes RJ, Laclette JP. Differential antigenic protein recovery from Taenia solium cyst tissues using several detergents. Mol Biochem Parasitol 2015; 202:22-8. [PMID: 26341468 DOI: 10.1016/j.molbiopara.2015.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/18/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human and porcine cysticercosis is caused by the larval stage of the flatworm Taenia solium (Cestoda). The protein extracts of T. solium cysts are complex mixtures including cyst's and host proteins. Little is known about the influence of using different detergents in the efficiency of solubilization-extraction of these proteins, including relevant antigens. Here, we describe the use of CHAPS, ASB-14 and Triton X-100, alone or in combination in the extraction buffers, as a strategy to notably increase the recovery of proteins that are usually left aside in insoluble fractions of cysts. Using buffer with CHAPS alone, 315 protein spots were detected through 2D-PAGE. A total of 255 and 258 spots were detected using buffers with Triton X-100 or ASB-14, respectively. More protein spots were detected when detergents were combined, i.e., 2% CHAPS, 1% Triton X-100 and 1% ASB-14 allowed detection of up to 368 spots. Our results indicated that insoluble fractions of T. solium cysts were rich in antigens, including several glycoproteins that were sensitive to metaperiodate treatment. Host proteins, a common component in protein extracts of cysts, were present in larger amounts in soluble than insoluble fractions of cysts proteins. Finally, antigens present in the insoluble fraction were more appropriate as a source of antigens for diagnostic procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Navarrete-Perea
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Rodrigo Orozco-Ramírez
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Bárbara Moguel
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Edda Sciutto
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Raúl J Bobes
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico
| | - Juan P Laclette
- Department of Immunology, Institute for Biomedical Research, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico D.F. 04510, Mexico.
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van der Ree AM, Mutapi F. The helminth parasite proteome at the host-parasite interface - Informing diagnosis and control. Exp Parasitol 2015; 157:48-58. [PMID: 26116863 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2015.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 05/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Helminth parasites are a significant health burden for humans in the developing world and also cause substantial economic losses in livestock production across the world. The combined lack of vaccines for the major human and veterinary helminth parasites in addition to the development of drug resistance to anthelmintics in sheep and cattle mean that controlling helminth infection and pathology remains a challenge. However, recent high throughput technological advances mean that screening for potential drug and vaccine candidates is now easier than in previous decades. A better understanding of the host-parasite interactions occurring during infection and pathology and identifying pathways that can be therapeutically targeted for more effective and 'evolution proof' interventions is now required. This review highlights some of the advances that have been made in understanding the host-parasite interface in helminth infections using studies of the temporal expression of parasite proteins, i.e. the parasite proteome, and discuss areas for potential future research and translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M van der Ree
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Francisca Mutapi
- Institute of Immunology & Infection Research, Centre for Immunity, Infection and Evolution, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK.
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Zhang S, Guo A, Zhu X, You Y, Hou J, Wang Q, Luo X, Cai X. Identification and functional characterization of alpha-enolase from Taenia pisiformis metacestode. Acta Trop 2015; 144:31-40. [PMID: 25623259 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/17/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Enolase belongs to glycolytic enzymes with moonlighting functions. The role of enolase in Taenia species is still poorly understood. In this study, the full length of cDNA encoding for Taenia pisiformis alpha-enolase (Tpeno) was cloned from larval parasites and soluble recombinant Tpeno protein (rTpeno) was produced. Western blot indicated that both rTpeno and the native protein in excretion-secretion antigens from the larvae were recognized by anti-rTpeno monoclonal antibodies (MAbs). The primary structure of Tpeno showed the presence of a highly conserved catalytic site for substrate binding and an enolase signature motif. rTpeno enzymatic activities of catalyzing the reversible dehydration of 2-phosphoglycerate (2-PGA) to phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP) and vice versa were shown to be 30.71 ± 2.15 U/mg (2-PGA to PEP) and 11.29 ± 2.38 U/mg (PEP to 2-PGA), respectively. Far-Western blotting showed that rTpeno could bind to plasminogen, however its binding ability was inhibited by ϵ-aminocaproic acid (ϵACA) in a competitive ELISA test. Plasminogen activation assay showed that plasminogen bound to rTpeno could be converted into active plasmin using host-derived activators. Immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescence indicated that Tpeno was distributed in the bladder wall of the metacestode and the periphery of calcareous corpuscles. In addition, a vaccine trial showed that the enzyme could produce a 36.4% protection rate in vaccinated rabbits against experimental challenges from T. pisiformis eggs. These results suggest that Tpeno with multiple functions may play significant roles in the migration, growth, development and adaptation of T. pisiformis for survival in the host environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Aijiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Xueliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Yanan You
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Junling Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China
| | - Qiuxia Wang
- Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang 453003, China
| | - Xuenong Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
| | - Xuepeng Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Key Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology of Gansu Province, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730046, China.
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Teichmann A, Vargas DM, Monteiro KM, Meneghetti BV, Dutra CS, Paredes R, Galanti N, Zaha A, Ferreira HB. Characterization of 14-3-3 Isoforms Expressed in the Echinococcus granulosus Pathogenic Larval Stage. J Proteome Res 2015; 14:1700-15. [DOI: 10.1021/pr5010136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aline Teichmann
- Laboratório
de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional and Laboratório de
Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970 Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Daiani M. Vargas
- Laboratório
de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional and Laboratório de
Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970 Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Karina M. Monteiro
- Laboratório
de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional and Laboratório de
Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970 Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Bruna V. Meneghetti
- Laboratório
de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional and Laboratório de
Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970 Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Cristine S. Dutra
- Laboratório
de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional and Laboratório de
Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970 Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Rodolfo Paredes
- Escuela
de Medicina Veterinaria, Facultad de Ecologia y Recursos Naturales, Universidad Andrés Bello, 8370251 Santiago, Chile
| | - Norbel Galanti
- Programa
de Biología Celular y Molecular, Instituto de Ciencias Biomédicas,
Facultad de Medicina, Universidad de Chile, 8389100 Santiago, Chile
| | - Arnaldo Zaha
- Laboratório
de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional and Laboratório de
Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970 Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Henrique B. Ferreira
- Laboratório
de Genômica Estrutural e Funcional and Laboratório de
Biologia Molecular de Cestódeos, Centro de Biotecnologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), 91501-970 Porto
Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Bassols A, Costa C, Eckersall PD, Osada J, Sabrià J, Tibau J. The pig as an animal model for human pathologies: A proteomics perspective. Proteomics Clin Appl 2014; 8:715-31. [DOI: 10.1002/prca.201300099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 158] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Revised: 04/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Bassols
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular; Facultat de Veterinària; Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Cristina Costa
- New Therapies of Genes and Transplants Group; Institut d'Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL); L'Hospitalet de Llobregat; Barcelona Spain
| | - P. David Eckersall
- Institute of Biodiversity, Animal Health and Comparative Medicine; University of Glasgow; Glasgow UK
| | - Jesús Osada
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Zaragoza; CIBEROBN; Zaragoza Spain
| | - Josefa Sabrià
- Departament de Bioquímica i Biologia Molecular; Facultat de Medicina; Institut de Neurociències (INc); Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona; Cerdanyola del Vallès Spain
| | - Joan Tibau
- IRTA - Food Technology; Animal Genetics Program; Finca Camps i Armet; Monells Spain
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Navarrete-Perea J, Moguel B, Mendoza-Hernández G, Fragoso G, Sciutto E, Bobes RJ, Laclette JP. Identification and quantification of host proteins in the vesicular fluid of porcine Taenia solium cysticerci. Exp Parasitol 2014; 143:11-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2014.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2014] [Revised: 04/05/2014] [Accepted: 04/17/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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Evolution, molecular epidemiology and perspectives on the research of taeniid parasites with special emphasis on Taenia solium. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2014; 23:150-60. [PMID: 24560729 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2014.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 02/09/2014] [Accepted: 02/11/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Human cysticercosis is known since old historical times in Greece and China; however, human infections by tapeworms have accompanied human beings for more that hundred thousand years. The disease is tightly bound to poverty and lack of hygiene, and has been eradicated in developed countries, but continues being a public health problem in developing countries of Latin-American, Sub-Saharan Africa and Asia, and is also remerging in a number of non endemic countries. It is considered a neglected disease. Here we revise a number of key scientific contributions on taeniid biology that open new avenues for more effective approaches to the control of cysticercosis. The evolution of flatworms and class Cestoda is analyzed, with special emphasis on the emergence of taeniid parasites and the colonization of the human species by tapeworms. The complex molecular host-parasite interplay in this relationship as result of co-evolution between two distantly related organisms. The relevant host and parasite's factors, in the prospect of identifying species-specific molecular markers useful in epidemiological studies carried out in endemic countries. The new possibilities arising with the characterization of the genomes for several species of tapeworms, including a deeper understanding of these organisms, as well as improved tools for diagnosis, vaccination and drug treatment. The need to revise the current control and management strategies for this tropical neglected disease.
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Ostoa-Saloma P, Esquivel-Velázquez M, Larralde C. Immunological variation in Taenia solium porcine cysticercosis: Measurement on the variation of the antibody immune response of naturally infected pigs against antigens extracted from their own cysticerci and from those of different pigs. Vet Parasitol 2013; 197:130-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetpar.2013.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2013] [Accepted: 07/06/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Diaz-Masmela Y, Fragoso G, Ambrosio JR, Mendoza-Hernández G, Rosas G, Estrada K, Carrero JC, Sciutto E, Laclette JP, Bobes RJ. Immunodiagnosis of porcine cysticercosis: identification of candidate antigens through immunoproteomics. Vet J 2013; 198:656-60. [PMID: 24161749 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2013.09.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2013] [Revised: 09/19/2013] [Accepted: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Cysticercosis, caused by the larval stage of Taenia solium, is a zoonotic disease affecting pigs and humans that is endemic to developing countries in Latin America, Africa and South East Asia. The prevalence of infection in pigs, the intermediate host for T. solium, has been used as an indicator for monitoring disease transmission in endemic areas. However, accurate and specific diagnostic tools for porcine cysticercosis remain to be established. Using proteomic approaches and the T. solium genome sequence, seven antigens were identified as specific for porcine cysticercosis, namely, tropomyosin 2, alpha-1 tubulin, beta-tubulin 2, annexin B1, small heat-shock protein, 14-3-3 protein, and cAMP-dependent protein kinase. None of these proteins were cross-reactive when tested with sera from pigs infected with Ascaris spp., Cysticercus tenuicollis and hydatid cysts of Echinococcus spp. or with serum from a Taenia saginata-infected cow. Comparison with orthologues, indicated that the amino acid sequences of annexin B1 and cAMP-dependent protein kinase possessed highly specific regions, which might make them suitable candidates for development of a specific diagnostic assay for porcine cysticercosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliet Diaz-Masmela
- Immunology Department, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, DF 04510, Mexico
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Victor B, Dorny P, Kanobana K, Polman K, Lindh J, Deelder AM, Palmblad M, Gabriël S. Use of expressed sequence tags as an alternative approach for the identification of Taenia solium metacestode excretion/secretion proteins. BMC Res Notes 2013; 6:224. [PMID: 23742691 PMCID: PMC3686625 DOI: 10.1186/1756-0500-6-224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 06/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Taenia solium taeniasis/cysticercosis is a zoonotic helminth infection mainly found in rural regions of Africa, Asia and Latin America. In endemic areas, diagnosis of cysticercosis largely depends on serology, but these methods have their drawbacks and require improvement. This implies better knowledge of the proteins secreted and excreted by the parasite. In a previous study, we used a custom protein database containing protein sequences from related helminths to identify T. solium metacestode excretion/secretion proteins. An alternative or complementary approach would be to use expressed sequence tags combined with BLAST and protein mapping to supercontigs of Echinococcus granulosus, a closely related cestode. In this study, we evaluate this approach and compare the results to those obtained in the previous study. Findings We report 297 proteins organized in 106 protein groups based on homology. Additional classification was done using Gene Ontology information on biological process and molecular function. Of the 106 protein groups, 58 groups were newly identified, while 48 groups confirmed previous findings. Blast2GO analysis revealed that the majority of the proteins were involved in catalytic activities and binding. Conclusions In this study, we used translated expressed sequence tags combined with BLAST and mapping strategies to both confirm and complement previous research. Our findings are comparable to recent studies on other helminth genera like Echinococcus, Schistosoma and Clonorchis, indicating similarities between helminth excretion/secretion proteomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bjorn Victor
- Veterinary Helminthology Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium.
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