1
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Zitnik M, Li MM, Wells A, Glass K, Morselli Gysi D, Krishnan A, Murali TM, Radivojac P, Roy S, Baudot A, Bozdag S, Chen DZ, Cowen L, Devkota K, Gitter A, Gosline SJC, Gu P, Guzzi PH, Huang H, Jiang M, Kesimoglu ZN, Koyuturk M, Ma J, Pico AR, Pržulj N, Przytycka TM, Raphael BJ, Ritz A, Sharan R, Shen Y, Singh M, Slonim DK, Tong H, Yang XH, Yoon BJ, Yu H, Milenković T. Current and future directions in network biology. BIOINFORMATICS ADVANCES 2024; 4:vbae099. [PMID: 39143982 PMCID: PMC11321866 DOI: 10.1093/bioadv/vbae099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2024] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/16/2024]
Abstract
Summary Network biology is an interdisciplinary field bridging computational and biological sciences that has proved pivotal in advancing the understanding of cellular functions and diseases across biological systems and scales. Although the field has been around for two decades, it remains nascent. It has witnessed rapid evolution, accompanied by emerging challenges. These stem from various factors, notably the growing complexity and volume of data together with the increased diversity of data types describing different tiers of biological organization. We discuss prevailing research directions in network biology, focusing on molecular/cellular networks but also on other biological network types such as biomedical knowledge graphs, patient similarity networks, brain networks, and social/contact networks relevant to disease spread. In more detail, we highlight areas of inference and comparison of biological networks, multimodal data integration and heterogeneous networks, higher-order network analysis, machine learning on networks, and network-based personalized medicine. Following the overview of recent breakthroughs across these five areas, we offer a perspective on future directions of network biology. Additionally, we discuss scientific communities, educational initiatives, and the importance of fostering diversity within the field. This article establishes a roadmap for an immediate and long-term vision for network biology. Availability and implementation Not applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marinka Zitnik
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Michelle M Li
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Aydin Wells
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
- Lucy Family Institute for Data and Society, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Kimberly Glass
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Deisy Morselli Gysi
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, United States
- Department of Statistics, Federal University of Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná 81530-015, Brazil
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Arjun Krishnan
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, United States
| | - T M Murali
- Department of Computer Science, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States
| | - Predrag Radivojac
- Khoury College of Computer Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA 02115, United States
| | - Sushmita Roy
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, United States
- Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, Madison, WI 53715, United States
| | - Anaïs Baudot
- Aix Marseille Université, INSERM, MMG, Marseille, France
| | - Serdar Bozdag
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States
- Department of Mathematics, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States
| | - Danny Z Chen
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Lenore Cowen
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, United States
| | - Kapil Devkota
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, United States
| | - Anthony Gitter
- Department of Biostatistics and Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53715, United States
- Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI 53715, United States
| | - Sara J C Gosline
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Seattle, WA 98109, United States
| | - Pengfei Gu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Pietro H Guzzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Heng Huang
- Department of Computer Science, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, United States
| | - Meng Jiang
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
| | - Ziynet Nesibe Kesimoglu
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76203, United States
- National Center of Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Mehmet Koyuturk
- Department of Computer and Data Sciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, United States
| | - Jian Ma
- Ray and Stephanie Lane Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, United States
| | - Alexander R Pico
- Institute of Data Science and Biotechnology, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
| | - Nataša Pržulj
- Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, WC1E 6BT, England
- ICREA, Catalan Institution for Research and Advanced Studies, Barcelona, 08010, Spain
- Barcelona Supercomputing Center (BSC), Barcelona, 08034, Spain
| | - Teresa M Przytycka
- National Center of Biotechnology Information, National Library of Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20814, United States
| | - Benjamin J Raphael
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Anna Ritz
- Department of Biology, Reed College, Portland, OR 97202, United States
| | - Roded Sharan
- School of Computer Science, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, 69978, Israel
| | - Yang Shen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
| | - Mona Singh
- Department of Computer Science, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
- Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, United States
| | - Donna K Slonim
- Department of Computer Science, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, United States
| | - Hanghang Tong
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, United States
| | - Xinan Holly Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, United States
| | - Byung-Jun Yoon
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, United States
- Computational Science Initiative, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY 11973, United States
| | - Haiyuan Yu
- Department of Computational Biology, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, United States
| | - Tijana Milenković
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
- Lucy Family Institute for Data and Society, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, IN 46556, United States
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Vu TD, Luong DT, Ho TT, Nguyen Thi TM, Singh V, Chu DT. Drug repurposing for regenerative medicine and cosmetics: Scientific, technological and economic issues. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2024; 207:337-353. [PMID: 38942543 DOI: 10.1016/bs.pmbts.2024.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/30/2024]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine and cosmetics are currently two outstanding fields for drug discovery. Although many pharmaceutical products for regenerative medicine and cosmetics have received approval by official agencies, several challenges are still needed to overcome, especially financial and time issues. As a result, drug repositioning, which is the usage of previously approved drugs for new treatment, stands out as a promising approach to tackle these problems. Recently, increasing scientific evidence is collected to demonstrate the applicability of this novel method in the field of regenerative medicine and cosmetics. Experts in drug development have also taken advantage of novel technologies to discover new candidates for repositioning purposes following computational approach, one of two main approaches of drug repositioning. Therefore, numerous repurposed candidates have obtained approval to enter the market and have witnessed financial success such as minoxidil and fingolimod. The benefits of drug repositioning are undeniable for regenerative medicine and cosmetics. However, some aspects still need to be carefully considered regarding this method including actual effectiveness during clinical trials, patent regulations, data integration and analysis, publicly unavailable databases as well as environmental concerns and more effort are required to overcome these obstacles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy-Duong Vu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Duc Tri Luong
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy-Tien Ho
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Thuy-My Nguyen Thi
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Vijai Singh
- Department of Biosciences, School of Science, Indrashil University, Rajpur, Mehsana, India
| | - Dinh-Toi Chu
- Center for Biomedicine and Community Health, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam; Faculty of Applied Sciences, International School, Vietnam National University, Hanoi, Vietnam.
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Yasin Ghadi Y, Mazhar T, Aurangzeb K, Haq I, Shahzad T, Ali Laghari A, Shahid Anwar M. Security risk models against attacks in smart grid using big data and artificial intelligence. PeerJ Comput Sci 2024; 10:e1840. [PMID: 38686008 PMCID: PMC11057646 DOI: 10.7717/peerj-cs.1840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
The need to update the electrical infrastructure led directly to the idea of smart grids (SG). Modern security technologies are almost perfect for detecting and preventing numerous attacks on the smart grid. They are unable to meet the challenging cyber security standards, nevertheless. We need many methods and techniques to effectively defend against cyber threats. Therefore, a more flexible approach is required to assess data sets and identify hidden risks. This is possible for vast amounts of data due to recent developments in artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning. Due to adaptable base behavior models, machine learning can recognize new and unexpected attacks. Security will be significantly improved by combining new and previously released data sets with machine learning and predictive analytics. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and big data are used to learn more about the current situation and potential solutions for cybersecurity issues with smart grids. This article focuses on different types of attacks on the smart grid. Furthermore, it also focuses on the different challenges of AI in the smart grid. It also focuses on using big data in smart grids and other applications like healthcare. Finally, a solution to smart grid security issues using artificial intelligence and big data methods is discussed. In the end, some possible future directions are also discussed in this article. Researchers and graduate students are the audience of our article.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazeed Yasin Ghadi
- Computer Science and Software Engineering Department, Al Ain University, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Tehseen Mazhar
- Department of Computer Science, Virtual University of Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Khursheed Aurangzeb
- Department of Computer Engineering, College of Computer and Information Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Inayatul Haq
- School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Tariq Shahzad
- Department of Computer Science, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Shahid Anwar
- Department of AI and Software, Gachon University, Seongnam-si, Republic of South Korea
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Mishra A, Vasanthan M, Malliappan SP. Drug Repurposing: A Leading Strategy for New Threats and Targets. ACS Pharmacol Transl Sci 2024; 7:915-932. [PMID: 38633585 PMCID: PMC11019736 DOI: 10.1021/acsptsci.3c00361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 03/01/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/19/2024]
Abstract
Less than 6% of rare illnesses have an appropriate treatment option. Repurposed medications for new indications are a cost-effective and time-saving strategy that results in excellent success rates, which may significantly lower the risk associated with therapeutic development for rare illnesses. It is becoming a realistic alternative to repurposing "conventional" medications to treat joint and rare diseases considering the significant failure rates, high expenses, and sluggish stride of innovative medication advancement. This is due to delisted compounds, cheaper research fees, and faster development time frames. Repurposed drug competitors have been developed using strategic decisions based on data analysis, interpretation, and investigational approaches, but technical and regulatory restrictions must also be considered. Combining experimental and computational methodologies generates innovative new medicinal applications. It is a one-of-a-kind strategy for repurposing human-safe pharmaceuticals to treat uncommon and difficult-to-treat ailments. It is a very effective method for discovering and creating novel medications. Several pharmaceutical firms have developed novel therapies by repositioning old medications. Repurposing drugs is practical, cost-effective, and speedy and generally involves lower risks when compared to developing a new drug from the beginning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashish
Sriram Mishra
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Manimaran Vasanthan
- Department
of Pharmaceutics, SRM College of Pharmacy, SRM Institute of Science and Technology, Kattankulathur, 603202, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Sivakumar Ponnurengam Malliappan
- School
of Medicine and Pharmacy, Duy Tan University, Da Nang Vietnam, Institute
of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Vietnam
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5
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Sun Z, Zhao L, Peng X, Yan M, Ding S, Sun J, Kang B. Tissue damage, antioxidant capacity, transcriptional and metabolic regulation of red drum Sciaenops ocellatus in response to nanoplastics exposure and subsequent recovery. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 273:116175. [PMID: 38458070 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2024.116175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2023] [Revised: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Nanoplastics are recognized as emerging contaminants that can cause severe toxicity to marine fishes. However, limited researches were focusing on the toxic effects of nanoplastics on marine fish, especially the post-exposure resilience. In this study, red drum (Sciaenops ocellatus) were exposed to 5 mg/L polystyrene nanoplastics (100 nm, PS-NPs) for a 7-day exposure experiment, and a 14-day recovery experiment that followed. The aim was to evaluate the dynamic alterations in hepatic and branchial tissue damage, hepatic antioxidant capacity, as well as hepatic transcriptional and metabolic regulation in the red drum during exposure and post-exposure to PS-NPs. Histopathological observation found that PS-NPs primarily triggered hepatic lipid droplets and branchial epithelial liftings, a phenomenon persistently discernible up to the 14 days of recovery. Although antioxidant capacity partially recovered during recovery periods, PS-NPs resulted in a sustained reduction in hepatic antioxidant activity, causing oxidative damage throughout the entire exposure and recovery phases, as evidenced by decreased total superoxide dismutase activities and increased malondialdehyde content. At the transcriptional and metabolic level, PS-NPs primarily induced lipid metabolism disorders, DNA damage, biofilm disruption, and mitochondrial dysfunction. In the gene-metabolite correlation interaction network, numerous CcO (cytochrome c oxidase) family genes and lipid metabolites were identified as key regulatory genes and metabolites in detoxification processes. Among them, the red drum possesses one additional CcO6B in comparison to human and zebrafish, which potentially contributes to its enhanced capacity for maintaining a stable and positive regulatory function in detoxification. This study revealed that nanoplastics cause severe biotoxicity to red drum, which may be detrimental to the survival of wild populations and affect the economics of farmed populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Sun
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China
| | - Linlin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Eco-Environmental Science and Technology, First Institute of Oceanography, Ministry of Natural Resources, Qingdao, China
| | - Xin Peng
- Marine Academy of Zhejiang Province, Hangzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Ocean Space Resource Management Technology, Hangzhou, China
| | - Meng Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Pollution and Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Research Centre for the Oceans and Human Health, City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shaoxiong Ding
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Urban Sea Ecological Conservation and Restoration, College of Ocean and Earth Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Jiachen Sun
- College of Marine Life Science, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
| | - Bin Kang
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture (Ministry of Education), Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China; Fisheries College, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China.
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Li Z, Melograna F, Hoskens H, Duroux D, Marazita ML, Walsh S, Weinberg SM, Shriver MD, Müller-Myhsok B, Claes P, Van Steen K. netMUG: a novel network-guided multi-view clustering workflow for dissecting genetic and facial heterogeneity. Front Genet 2023; 14:1286800. [PMID: 38125750 PMCID: PMC10731261 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1286800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Multi-view data offer advantages over single-view data for characterizing individuals, which is crucial in precision medicine toward personalized prevention, diagnosis, or treatment follow-up. Methods: Here, we develop a network-guided multi-view clustering framework named netMUG to identify actionable subgroups of individuals. This pipeline first adopts sparse multiple canonical correlation analysis to select multi-view features possibly informed by extraneous data, which are then used to construct individual-specific networks (ISNs). Finally, the individual subtypes are automatically derived by hierarchical clustering on these network representations. Results: We applied netMUG to a dataset containing genomic data and facial images to obtain BMI-informed multi-view strata and showed how it could be used for a refined obesity characterization. Benchmark analysis of netMUG on synthetic data with known strata of individuals indicated its superior performance compared with both baseline and benchmark methods for multi-view clustering. The clustering derived from netMUG achieved an adjusted Rand index of 1 with respect to the synthesized true labels. In addition, the real-data analysis revealed subgroups strongly linked to BMI and genetic and facial determinants of these subgroups. Discussion: netMUG provides a powerful strategy, exploiting individual-specific networks to identify meaningful and actionable strata. Moreover, the implementation is easy to generalize to accommodate heterogeneous data sources or highlight data structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqi Li
- BIO3 - Laboratory for Systems Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Federico Melograna
- BIO3 - Laboratory for Systems Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hanne Hoskens
- BIO3 - Laboratory for Systems Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diane Duroux
- BIO3 - Laboratory for Systems Genetics, GIGA-R Medical Genomics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Susan Walsh
- Department of Biology, Indiana University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, United States
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Mark D. Shriver
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA, United States
| | | | - Peter Claes
- BIO3 - Laboratory for Systems Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Kristel Van Steen
- BIO3 - Laboratory for Systems Medicine, Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- BIO3 - Laboratory for Systems Genetics, GIGA-R Medical Genomics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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7
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Fiocchi C. Omics and Multi-Omics in IBD: No Integration, No Breakthroughs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14912. [PMID: 37834360 PMCID: PMC10573814 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The recent advent of sophisticated technologies like sequencing and mass spectroscopy platforms combined with artificial intelligence-powered analytic tools has initiated a new era of "big data" research in various complex diseases of still-undetermined cause and mechanisms. The investigation of these diseases was, until recently, limited to traditional in vitro and in vivo biological experimentation, but a clear switch to in silico methodologies is now under way. This review tries to provide a comprehensive assessment of state-of-the-art knowledge on omes, omics and multi-omics in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The notion and importance of omes, omics and multi-omics in both health and complex diseases like IBD is introduced, followed by a discussion of the various omics believed to be relevant to IBD pathogenesis, and how multi-omics "big data" can generate new insights translatable into useful clinical tools in IBD such as biomarker identification, prediction of remission and relapse, response to therapy, and precision medicine. The pitfalls and limitations of current IBD multi-omics studies are critically analyzed, revealing that, regardless of the types of omes being analyzed, the majority of current reports are still based on simple associations of descriptive retrospective data from cross-sectional patient cohorts rather than more powerful longitudinally collected prospective datasets. Given this limitation, some suggestions are provided on how IBD multi-omics data may be optimized for greater clinical and therapeutic benefit. The review concludes by forecasting the upcoming incorporation of multi-omics analyses in the routine management of IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA;
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH 44195, USA
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8
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Marchak K, Malavia M, Trivedi PS. Health Services Research: A Review for the Interventional Radiologist. Semin Intervent Radiol 2023; 40:452-460. [PMID: 37927518 PMCID: PMC10622239 DOI: 10.1055/s-0043-1775849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Health services research (HSR) is a multidisciplinary field which studies access to drivers of health care service utilization, the quality and cost of services, and their outcomes on groups of patients. Since its foundations in the 1960s, there has been a large focus on HSR and using large data sets to study real-world care. Because interventional radiology (IR) is a dynamic field with foundations in innovation, research often focuses on small-scale projects. This review will discuss HSR including data sources, focus areas, methodologies, limitations, and opportunities for future directions in IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Marchak
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Mira Malavia
- University of Missouri, Kansas City School of Medicine, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Premal S. Trivedi
- Division of Interventional Radiology, Department of Radiology, University of Colorado, Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
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9
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Hertz DL, Lustberg MB, Sonis S. Evolution of predictive risk factor analysis for chemotherapy-related toxicity. Support Care Cancer 2023; 31:601. [PMID: 37773300 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-023-08074-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
The causes of variation in toxicity to the same treatment regimen among seemingly similar patients remain largely unknown. There was tremendous optimism that the patient's germline genome would be strongly predictive of treatment-related toxicity and could be used to personalize treatment and improve therapeutic outcomes. However, there has been limited success in discovering robust pharmacogenetic predictors of treatment-related toxicity and even less progress in translating the few validated predictors into clinical practice. It is apparent that identification of toxicity predictors that can be used to predict and prevent treatment-related toxicity will require thinking beyond germline genomics. To that end, we propose an integrated biomarker discovery approach that recognizes that a patient's toxicity risk is determined by the cumulative effects of a broad range of "omic" and non-omic factors. This commentary describes the limited success in discovering and translating clinical and pharmacogenetic toxicity predictors into clinical practice. We illustrate the evolution of cancer toxicity biomarker discovery and translation through studies of taxane-induced peripheral neuropathy, which is one of the most common and debilitating side effects of cancer treatment. We then discuss the opportunities for discovering non-genomic (e.g., metabolomic, lipidomic, transcriptomic, proteomic, microbiomic, medical, behavioral, environmental) and integrated biomarkers that may be more strongly predictive of toxicity risk and the potential challenges with translating integrated biomarkers into clinical practice. This integrated biomarker discovery approach may circumvent some of the major limitations in toxicity biomarker science and move precision oncology treatment forward so that patients receive maximum treatment benefit with minimal toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel L Hertz
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, University of Michigan College of Pharmacy, 428 Church St., Room 3054 College of Pharmacy, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1065, USA.
| | | | - Stephen Sonis
- Divisions of Oral Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
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10
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Li Z, Melograna F, Hoskens H, Duroux D, Marazita ML, Walsh S, Weinberg SM, Shriver MD, Müller-Myhsok B, Claes P, Van Steen K. netMUG: a novel network-guided multi-view clustering workflow for dissecting genetic and facial heterogeneity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.05.04.539350. [PMID: 37205363 PMCID: PMC10187283 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.04.539350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Multi-view data offer advantages over single-view data for characterizing individuals, which is crucial in precision medicine toward personalized prevention, diagnosis, or treatment follow-up. Here, we develop a network-guided multi-view clustering framework named netMUG to identify actionable subgroups of individuals. This pipeline first adopts sparse multiple canonical correlation analysis to select multi-view features possibly informed by extraneous data, which are then used to construct individual-specific networks (ISNs). Finally, the individual subtypes are automatically derived by hierarchical clustering on these network representations. We applied netMUG to a dataset containing genomic data and facial images to obtain BMI-informed multi-view strata and showed how it could be used for a refined obesity characterization. Benchmark analysis of netMUG on synthetic data with known strata of individuals indicated its superior performance compared with both baseline and benchmark methods for multi-view clustering. In addition, the real-data analysis revealed subgroups strongly linked to BMI and genetic and facial determinants of these classes. NetMUG provides a powerful strategy, exploiting individual-specific networks to identify meaningful and actionable strata. Moreover, the implementation is easy to generalize to accommodate heterogeneous data sources or highlight data structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuqi Li
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Hanne Hoskens
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Diane Duroux
- GIGA-R Medical Genomics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Mary L. Marazita
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Susan Walsh
- Department of Biology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Seth M. Weinberg
- Center for Craniofacial and Dental Genetics, Department of Oral and Craniofacial Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15219, USA
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA
| | - Mark D. Shriver
- Department of Anthropology, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA
| | | | - Peter Claes
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Medical Imaging Research Center, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Electrical Engineering, ESAT/PSI, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Murdoch Children’s Research Institute, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Kristel Van Steen
- Department of Human Genetics, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- GIGA-R Medical Genomics, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
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11
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Morris AH, Horvat C, Stagg B, Grainger DW, Lanspa M, Orme J, Clemmer TP, Weaver LK, Thomas FO, Grissom CK, Hirshberg E, East TD, Wallace CJ, Young MP, Sittig DF, Suchyta M, Pearl JE, Pesenti A, Bombino M, Beck E, Sward KA, Weir C, Phansalkar S, Bernard GR, Thompson BT, Brower R, Truwit J, Steingrub J, Hiten RD, Willson DF, Zimmerman JJ, Nadkarni V, Randolph AG, Curley MAQ, Newth CJL, Lacroix J, Agus MSD, Lee KH, deBoisblanc BP, Moore FA, Evans RS, Sorenson DK, Wong A, Boland MV, Dere WH, Crandall A, Facelli J, Huff SM, Haug PJ, Pielmeier U, Rees SE, Karbing DS, Andreassen S, Fan E, Goldring RM, Berger KI, Oppenheimer BW, Ely EW, Pickering BW, Schoenfeld DA, Tocino I, Gonnering RS, Pronovost PJ, Savitz LA, Dreyfuss D, Slutsky AS, Crapo JD, Pinsky MR, James B, Berwick DM. Computer clinical decision support that automates personalized clinical care: a challenging but needed healthcare delivery strategy. J Am Med Inform Assoc 2022; 30:178-194. [PMID: 36125018 PMCID: PMC9748596 DOI: 10.1093/jamia/ocac143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
How to deliver best care in various clinical settings remains a vexing problem. All pertinent healthcare-related questions have not, cannot, and will not be addressable with costly time- and resource-consuming controlled clinical trials. At present, evidence-based guidelines can address only a small fraction of the types of care that clinicians deliver. Furthermore, underserved areas rarely can access state-of-the-art evidence-based guidelines in real-time, and often lack the wherewithal to implement advanced guidelines. Care providers in such settings frequently do not have sufficient training to undertake advanced guideline implementation. Nevertheless, in advanced modern healthcare delivery environments, use of eActions (validated clinical decision support systems) could help overcome the cognitive limitations of overburdened clinicians. Widespread use of eActions will require surmounting current healthcare technical and cultural barriers and installing clinical evidence/data curation systems. The authors expect that increased numbers of evidence-based guidelines will result from future comparative effectiveness clinical research carried out during routine healthcare delivery within learning healthcare systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan H Morris
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Christopher Horvat
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian Stagg
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - David W Grainger
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michael Lanspa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - James Orme
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Terry P Clemmer
- Department of Internal Medicine (Critical Care), Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Lindell K Weaver
- Department of Internal Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Frank O Thomas
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Colin K Grissom
- Department of Internal Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ellie Hirshberg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Thomas D East
- SYNCRONYS - Chief Executive Officer, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Carrie Jane Wallace
- Department of Internal Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Michael P Young
- Department of Critical Care, Renown Regional Medical Center, Reno, Nevada, USA
| | - Dean F Sittig
- School of Biomedical Informatics, University of Texas Health Science Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mary Suchyta
- Department of Internal Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - James E Pearl
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Department of Internal Medicine, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Antinio Pesenti
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery—Anesthesiology, University of Milan, Milano, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Michela Bombino
- Department of Emergency and Intensive Care, San Gerardo Hospital, Monza (MB), Italy
| | - Eduardo Beck
- Faculty of Medicine and Surgery - Anesthesiology, University of Milan, Ospedale di Desio, Desio, Lombardia, Italy
| | - Katherine A Sward
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Nursing, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Charlene Weir
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Shobha Phansalkar
- Wolters Kluwer Health—Clinical Solutions—Medical Informatics, Wolters Kluwer Health, Newton, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Gordon R Bernard
- Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - B Taylor Thompson
- Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Roy Brower
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jonathon Truwit
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Jay Steingrub
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Baystate Campus, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
| | - R Duncan Hiten
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Douglas F Willson
- Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jerry J Zimmerman
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Vinay Nadkarni
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Adrienne G Randolph
- Department of Anesthesiology, Critical Care and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Martha A Q Curley
- University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Christopher J L Newth
- Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jacques Lacroix
- Division of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal Faculté de Médecine, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Michael S D Agus
- Division of Medical Pediatric Critical Care, Department of Pediatrics, Boston Children’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Kang Hoe Lee
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Ng Teng Fong Hospital and National University Centre of Transplantation, National University Singapore Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore
| | - Bennett P deBoisblanc
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, Louisiana, USA
| | - Frederick Alan Moore
- Department of Surgery, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - R Scott Evans
- Department of Medical Informatics, Intermountain Healthcare, and Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Dean K Sorenson
- Department of Medical Informatics, Intermountain Healthcare, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Anthony Wong
- Department of Data Science Ann and Robert H Lurie Children's Hospital of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Michael V Boland
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Ear and Eye Infirmary, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Willard H Dere
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Division, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Alan Crandall
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Moran Eye Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
- Posthumous
| | - Julio Facelli
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Stanley M Huff
- Department of Medical Informatics, Intermountain Healthcare, Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, and Graphite Health, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Peter J Haug
- Department of Medical Informatics, Intermountain Healthcare, and Department of Biomedical Informatics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ulrike Pielmeier
- Aalborg University Faculty of Engineering and Science - Department of Health Science and Technology, Respiratory and Critical Care Group, Aalborg, Nordjylland, Denmark
| | - Stephen E Rees
- Aalborg University Faculty of Engineering and Science - Department of Health Science and Technology, Respiratory and Critical Care Group, Aalborg, Nordjylland, Denmark
| | - Dan S Karbing
- Aalborg University Faculty of Engineering and Science - Department of Health Science and Technology, Respiratory and Critical Care Group, Aalborg, Nordjylland, Denmark
| | - Steen Andreassen
- Aalborg University Faculty of Engineering and Science - Department of Health Science and Technology, Respiratory and Critical Care Group, Aalborg, Nordjylland, Denmark
| | - Eddy Fan
- Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care Division, Institute of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto Faculty of Medicine, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Roberta M Goldring
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Kenneth I Berger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - Beno W Oppenheimer
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
| | - E Wesley Ely
- Internal Medicine, Pulmonary and Critical Care, Critical Illness, Brain Dysfunction, and Survivorship (CIBS) Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, USA
- Tennessee Valley Veteran’s Affairs Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center (GRECC), Nashville, Tennessee, USA
| | - Brian W Pickering
- Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - David A Schoenfeld
- Biostatistics Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Irena Tocino
- Department of Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Russell S Gonnering
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Peter J Pronovost
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, University Hospitals, Highland Hills, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
| | - Lucy A Savitz
- Northwest Center for Health Research, Kaiser Permanente, Oakland, California, USA
| | - Didier Dreyfuss
- Assistance Publique—Hôpitaux de Paris, Université de Paris, Sorbonne Université - INSERM unit UMR S_1155 (Common and Rare Kidney Diseases), Paris, France
| | - Arthur S Slutsky
- Interdepartmental Division of Critical Care Medicine, Keenan Research Center, Li Ka Shing Knowledge Institute, St. Michael’s Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - James D Crapo
- Department of Internal Medicine, National Jewish Health, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Michael R Pinsky
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brent James
- Department of Internal Medicine, Clinical Excellence Research Center (CERC), Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California, USA
| | - Donald M Berwick
- Institute for Healthcare Improvement, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
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12
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Trivedi PS, Timpone VM, Morgan RL, Jensen AM, Reid M, Ho PM, Ahmed O. A Practical Guide to Use of Publicly Available Data Sets for Observational Research in Interventional Radiology. J Vasc Interv Radiol 2022; 33:1286-1294. [PMID: 35964883 DOI: 10.1016/j.jvir.2022.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Observational data research studying access, utilization, cost, and outcomes of image-guided interventions using publicly available "big data" sets is growing in the interventional radiology (IR) literature. Publicly available data sets offer insight into real-world care and represent an important pillar of IR research moving forward. They offer insights into how IR procedures are being used nationally and whether they are working as intended. On the other hand, large data sources are aggregated using complex sampling frames, and their strengths and weaknesses only become apparent after extensive use. Unintentional misuse of large data sets can result in misleading or sometimes erroneous conclusions. This review introduces the most commonly used databases relevant to IR research, highlights their strengths and limitations, and provides recommendations for use. In addition, it summarizes methodologic best practices pertinent to all data sets for planning and executing scientifically rigorous and clinically relevant observational research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Premal S Trivedi
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado.
| | - Vincent M Timpone
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Rustain L Morgan
- Department of Radiology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Alexandria M Jensen
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (A.M.J., M.R.), University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Margaret Reid
- Department of Biostatistics and Informatics (A.M.J., M.R.), University of Colorado School of Public Health, Aurora, Colorado
| | - P Michael Ho
- Division of Cardiology, VA Eastern Colorado Health Care System, Aurora, Colorado
| | - Osman Ahmed
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
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13
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Miao J, Yang Z, Guo W, Liu L, Song P, Ding C, Guan W. Integrative analysis of the proteome and transcriptome in gastric cancer identified LRP1B as a potential biomarker. Biomark Med 2022; 16:1101-1111. [PMID: 36606427 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2022-0288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: The aim of this study was to discover unique membrane proteins associated with gastric cancer (GC) in proteomics analysis. Methods: Using a data-independent acquisition strategy, we compared the relative expression levels of membrane proteins in GC. Results: A total of 2774 differentially expressed membrane proteins were identified between GC and normal cell lines. Conjoint analysis of transcriptomes and proteomes provided 11 potential biomarkers (GPRC5A, PSAT1, NUDCD1, RCC2, IPO4, FAM91A1, KANK2, PRADC1, NME4, METTL7A and LRP1B) for further exploration. Downregulation of LRP1B in GC was validated by immunohistochemistry. Moreover, LRP1B demonstrated an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.917 in differentiating GC from normal tissues. Conclusion: LRP1B was identified as a meaningful indicator assisting in GC detection and labeling of tumor boundaries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Miao
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Zhi Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wen Guo
- Department of Pathology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210011, China
| | - Lixiang Liu
- Department of General Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital Clinical College of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Peng Song
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Chao Ding
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
| | - Wenxian Guan
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Nanjing Drum Tower Hospital, The Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing University Medical School, Nanjing, 210008, China
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14
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Towards the Use of Big Data in Healthcare: A Literature Review. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10071232. [PMID: 35885759 PMCID: PMC9322051 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10071232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The interest in new and more advanced technological solutions is paving the way for the diffusion of innovative and revolutionary applications in healthcare organizations. The application of an artificial intelligence system to medical research has the potential to move toward highly advanced e-Health. This analysis aims to explore the main areas of application of big data in healthcare, as well as the restructuring of the technological infrastructure and the integration of traditional data analytical tools and techniques with an elaborate computational technology that is able to enhance and extract useful information for decision-making. We conducted a literature review using the Scopus database over the period 2010–2020. The article selection process involved five steps: the planning and identification of studies, the evaluation of articles, the extraction of results, the summary, and the dissemination of the audit results. We included 93 documents. Our results suggest that effective and patient-centered care cannot disregard the acquisition, management, and analysis of a huge volume and variety of health data. In this way, an immediate and more effective diagnosis could be possible while maximizing healthcare resources. Deriving the benefits associated with digitization and technological innovation, however, requires the restructuring of traditional operational and strategic processes, and the acquisition of new skills.
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15
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Gliozzo J, Mesiti M, Notaro M, Petrini A, Patak A, Puertas-Gallardo A, Paccanaro A, Valentini G, Casiraghi E. Heterogeneous data integration methods for patient similarity networks. Brief Bioinform 2022; 23:6604996. [PMID: 35679533 PMCID: PMC9294435 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbac207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patient similarity networks (PSNs), where patients are represented as nodes and their similarities as weighted edges, are being increasingly used in clinical research. These networks provide an insightful summary of the relationships among patients and can be exploited by inductive or transductive learning algorithms for the prediction of patient outcome, phenotype and disease risk. PSNs can also be easily visualized, thus offering a natural way to inspect complex heterogeneous patient data and providing some level of explainability of the predictions obtained by machine learning algorithms. The advent of high-throughput technologies, enabling us to acquire high-dimensional views of the same patients (e.g. omics data, laboratory data, imaging data), calls for the development of data fusion techniques for PSNs in order to leverage this rich heterogeneous information. In this article, we review existing methods for integrating multiple biomedical data views to construct PSNs, together with the different patient similarity measures that have been proposed. We also review methods that have appeared in the machine learning literature but have not yet been applied to PSNs, thus providing a resource to navigate the vast machine learning literature existing on this topic. In particular, we focus on methods that could be used to integrate very heterogeneous datasets, including multi-omics data as well as data derived from clinical information and medical imaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Gliozzo
- AnacletoLab - Computer Science Department, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 18, 20135, Milan, Italy.,European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra (VA), Italy.,CINI, Infolife National Laboratory, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Mesiti
- AnacletoLab - Computer Science Department, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 18, 20135, Milan, Italy.,CINI, Infolife National Laboratory, Roma, Italy
| | - Marco Notaro
- AnacletoLab - Computer Science Department, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 18, 20135, Milan, Italy.,CINI, Infolife National Laboratory, Roma, Italy
| | - Alessandro Petrini
- AnacletoLab - Computer Science Department, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 18, 20135, Milan, Italy.,CINI, Infolife National Laboratory, Roma, Italy
| | - Alex Patak
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra (VA), Italy
| | | | - Alberto Paccanaro
- Department of Computer Science, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham, TW20 0EX UK.,School of Applied Mathematics (EMAp), Fundação Getúlio Vargas, Rio de Janeiro Brazil
| | - Giorgio Valentini
- AnacletoLab - Computer Science Department, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 18, 20135, Milan, Italy.,CINI, Infolife National Laboratory, Roma, Italy.,DSRC UNIMI, Data Science Research Center, Milano, 20135, Italy.,ELLIS, European Laboratory for Learning and Intelligent Systems, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elena Casiraghi
- AnacletoLab - Computer Science Department, Universitá degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 18, 20135, Milan, Italy.,CINI, Infolife National Laboratory, Roma, Italy
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16
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Orem J. Building Modern Cancer Care Services in Sub-Saharan Africa Based on a Clinical-Research Care Model. Am Soc Clin Oncol Educ Book 2022; 42:1-6. [PMID: 35580294 DOI: 10.1200/edbk_349953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is as old as humankind; there are examples of cancer treatment in ancient Egyptian civilizations. Globally, there has been rapid evolution of oncologic practices over many decades using different modalities, their complexities notwithstanding. These developments have resulted in visible improvements in outcomes for a complex medical condition.
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17
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Methods for Stratification and Validation Cohorts: A Scoping Review. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12050688. [PMID: 35629113 PMCID: PMC9144352 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12050688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Personalized medicine requires large cohorts for patient stratification and validation of patient clustering. However, standards and harmonized practices on the methods and tools to be used for the design and management of cohorts in personalized medicine remain to be defined. This study aims to describe the current state-of-the-art in this area. A scoping review was conducted searching in PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, Psycinfo and Cochrane Library for reviews about tools and methods related to cohorts used in personalized medicine. The search focused on cancer, stroke and Alzheimer’s disease and was limited to reports in English, French, German, Italian and Spanish published from 2005 to April 2020. The screening process was reported through a PRISMA flowchart. Fifty reviews were included, mostly including information about how data were generated (25/50) and about tools used for data management and analysis (24/50). No direct information was found about the quality of data and the requirements to monitor associated clinical data. A scarcity of information and standards was found in specific areas such as sample size calculation. With this information, comprehensive guidelines could be developed in the future to improve the reproducibility and robustness in the design and management of cohorts in personalized medicine studies.
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18
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Vahabi N, Michailidis G. Unsupervised Multi-Omics Data Integration Methods: A Comprehensive Review. Front Genet 2022; 13:854752. [PMID: 35391796 PMCID: PMC8981526 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.854752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Through the developments of Omics technologies and dissemination of large-scale datasets, such as those from The Cancer Genome Atlas, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative, and Genotype-Tissue Expression, it is becoming increasingly possible to study complex biological processes and disease mechanisms more holistically. However, to obtain a comprehensive view of these complex systems, it is crucial to integrate data across various Omics modalities, and also leverage external knowledge available in biological databases. This review aims to provide an overview of multi-Omics data integration methods with different statistical approaches, focusing on unsupervised learning tasks, including disease onset prediction, biomarker discovery, disease subtyping, module discovery, and network/pathway analysis. We also briefly review feature selection methods, multi-Omics data sets, and resources/tools that constitute critical components for carrying out the integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasim Vahabi
- Informatics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - George Michailidis
- Informatics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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19
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de Weerd HA, Åkesson J, Guala D, Gustafsson M, Lubovac-Pilav Z. MODalyseR-a novel software for inference of disease module hub regulators identified a putative multiple sclerosis regulator supported by independent eQTL data. BIOINFORMATICS ADVANCES 2022; 2:vbac006. [PMID: 36699378 PMCID: PMC9710626 DOI: 10.1093/bioadv/vbac006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Motivation Network-based disease modules have proven to be a powerful concept for extracting knowledge about disease mechanisms, predicting for example disease risk factors and side effects of treatments. Plenty of tools exist for the purpose of module inference, but less effort has been put on simultaneously utilizing knowledge about regulatory mechanisms for predicting disease module hub regulators. Results We developed MODalyseR, a novel software for identifying disease module regulators and reducing modules to the most disease-associated genes. This pipeline integrates and extends previously published software packages MODifieR and ComHub and hereby provides a user-friendly network medicine framework combining the concepts of disease modules and hub regulators for precise disease gene identification from transcriptomics data. To demonstrate the usability of the tool, we designed a case study for multiple sclerosis that revealed IKZF1 as a promising hub regulator, which was supported by independent ChIP-seq data. Availability and implementation MODalyseR is available as a Docker image at https://hub.docker.com/r/ddeweerd/modalyser with user guide and installation instructions found at https://gustafsson-lab.gitlab.io/MODalyseR/. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics Advances online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hendrik A de Weerd
- School of Bioscience, Systems Biology Research Center, University of Skövde, Skövde 541 45, Sweden,Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Julia Åkesson
- School of Bioscience, Systems Biology Research Center, University of Skövde, Skövde 541 45, Sweden,Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden
| | - Dimitri Guala
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Stockholm University, Solna 17121, Sweden,Merck AB, Solna 16970, Sweden
| | - Mika Gustafsson
- Department of Physics, Chemistry and Biology, Linköping University, Linköping 581 83, Sweden,To whom correspondence should be addressed. or
| | - Zelmina Lubovac-Pilav
- School of Bioscience, Systems Biology Research Center, University of Skövde, Skövde 541 45, Sweden,To whom correspondence should be addressed. or
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20
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Wang Z, Huang J, Xie D, He D, Lu A, Liang C. Toward Overcoming Treatment Failure in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Front Immunol 2021; 12:755844. [PMID: 35003068 PMCID: PMC8732378 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.755844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is an autoimmune disorder characterized by inflammation and bone erosion. The exact mechanism of RA is still unknown, but various immune cytokines, signaling pathways and effector cells are involved. Disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs) are commonly used in RA treatment and classified into different categories. Nevertheless, RA treatment is based on a "trial-and-error" approach, and a substantial proportion of patients show failed therapy for each DMARD. Over the past decades, great efforts have been made to overcome treatment failure, including identification of biomarkers, exploration of the reasons for loss of efficacy, development of sequential or combinational DMARDs strategies and approval of new DMARDs. Here, we summarize these efforts, which would provide valuable insights for accurate RA clinical medication. While gratifying, researchers realize that these efforts are still far from enough to recommend specific DMARDs for individual patients. Precision medicine is an emerging medical model that proposes a highly individualized and tailored approach for disease management. In this review, we also discuss the potential of precision medicine for overcoming RA treatment failure, with the introduction of various cutting-edge technologies and big data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqian Wang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
| | - Duoli Xie
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Dongyi He
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Department of Rheumatology, Shanghai Guanghua Hospital of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Aiping Lu
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Institute of Arthritis Research in Integrative Medicine, Shanghai Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Joint Lab on Chinese Medicine and Immune Disease Research, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chao Liang
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China
- Institute of Integrated Bioinfomedicine and Translational Science (IBTS), School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Law Sau Fai Institute for Advancing Translational Medicine in Bone and Joint Diseases, School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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21
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Song W, Wang W, Dai DQ. Subtype-WESLR: identifying cancer subtype with weighted ensemble sparse latent representation of multi-view data. Brief Bioinform 2021; 23:6381248. [PMID: 34607358 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbab398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of cancer subtypes has become much-researched topic in oncology. Dividing cancer patients into subtypes can provide personalized treatments for heterogeneous patients. High-throughput technologies provide multiple omics data for cancer subtyping. Integration of multi-view data is used to identify cancer subtypes in many computational methods, which obtain different subtypes for the same cancer, even using the same multi-omics data. To a certain extent, these subtypes from distinct methods are related, which may have certain guiding significance for cancer subtyping. It is a challenge to effectively utilize the valuable information of distinct subtypes to produce more accurate and reliable subtypes. A weighted ensemble sparse latent representation (subtype-WESLR) is proposed to detect cancer subtypes on heterogeneous omics data. Using a weighted ensemble strategy to fuse base clustering obtained by distinct methods as prior knowledge, subtype-WESLR projects each sample feature profile from each data type to a common latent subspace while maintaining the local structure of the original sample feature space and consistency with the weighted ensemble and optimizes the common subspace by an iterative method to identify cancer subtypes. We conduct experiments on various synthetic datasets and eight public multi-view datasets from The Cancer Genome Atlas. The results demonstrate that subtype-WESLR is better than competing methods by utilizing the integration of base clustering of exist methods for more precise subtypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjing Song
- Intelligent Data Center, School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Weiwen Wang
- Intelligent Data Center, School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
| | - Dao-Qing Dai
- Intelligent Data Center, School of Mathematics, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, China
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22
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Fiocchi C, Dragoni G, Iliopoulos D, Katsanos K, Ramirez VH, Suzuki K, Torres J, Scharl M. Results of the Seventh Scientific Workshop of ECCO: Precision Medicine in IBD-What, Why, and How. J Crohns Colitis 2021; 15:1410-1430. [PMID: 33733656 DOI: 10.1093/ecco-jcc/jjab051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Many diseases that affect modern humans fall in the category of complex diseases, thus called because they result from a combination of multiple aetiological and pathogenic factors. Regardless of the organ or system affected, complex diseases present major challenges in diagnosis, classification, and management. Current forms of therapy are usually applied in an indiscriminate fashion based on clinical information, but even the most advanced drugs only benefit a limited number of patients and to a variable and unpredictable degree. This 'one measure does not fit all' situation has spurred the notion that therapy for complex disease should be tailored to individual patients or groups of patients, giving rise to the notion of 'precision medicine' [PM]. Inflammatory bowel disease [IBD] is a prototypical complex disease where the need for PM has become increasingly clear. This prompted the European Crohn's and Colitis Organisation to focus the Seventh Scientific Workshop on this emerging theme. The articles in this special issue of the Journal address the various complementary aspects of PM in IBD, including what PM is; why it is needed and how it can be used; how PM can contribute to prediction and prevention of IBD; how IBD PM can aid in prognosis and improve response to therapy; and the challenges and future directions of PM in IBD. This first article of this series is structured on three simple concepts [what, why, and how] and addresses the definition of PM, discusses the rationale for the need of PM in IBD, and outlines the methodology required to implement PM in IBD in a correct and clinically meaningful way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, and Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Digestive Disease Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Gabriele Dragoni
- Gastroenterology Research Unit, Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences 'Mario Serio', University of Florence, Florence,Italy.,IBD Referral Center, Gastroenterology Department, Careggi University Hospital, Florence,Italy
| | | | - Konstantinos Katsanos
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Ioannina School of Health Sciences, Ioannina,Greece
| | - Vicent Hernandez Ramirez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Xerencia Xestión Integrada de Vigo, and Research Group in Digestive Diseases, Galicia Sur Health Research Institute [IIS Galicia Sur], SERGAS-UVIGO, Vigo, Spain
| | - Kohei Suzuki
- Division of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,USA
| | | | - Joana Torres
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hospital Beatriz Ângelo, Loures, Portugal
| | - Michael Scharl
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
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23
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Jurczuk K, Czajkowski M, Kretowski M. Multi-GPU approach to global induction of classification trees for large-scale data mining. APPL INTELL 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10489-020-01952-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThis paper concerns the evolutionary induction of decision trees (DT) for large-scale data. Such a global approach is one of the alternatives to the top-down inducers. It searches for the tree structure and tests simultaneously and thus gives improvements in the prediction and size of resulting classifiers in many situations. However, it is the population-based and iterative approach that can be too computationally demanding to apply for big data mining directly. The paper demonstrates that this barrier can be overcome by smart distributed/parallel processing. Moreover, we ask the question whether the global approach can truly compete with the greedy systems for large-scale data. For this purpose, we propose a novel multi-GPU approach. It incorporates the knowledge of global DT induction and evolutionary algorithm parallelization together with efficient utilization of memory and computing GPU’s resources. The searches for the tree structure and tests are performed simultaneously on a CPU, while the fitness calculations are delegated to GPUs. Data-parallel decomposition strategy and CUDA framework are applied. Experimental validation is performed on both artificial and real-life datasets. In both cases, the obtained acceleration is very satisfactory. The solution is able to process even billions of instances in a few hours on a single workstation equipped with 4 GPUs. The impact of data characteristics (size and dimension) on convergence and speedup of the evolutionary search is also shown. When the number of GPUs grows, nearly linear scalability is observed what suggests that data size boundaries for evolutionary DT mining are fading.
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24
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Drug Repurposing for the Management of Depression: Where Do We Stand Currently? Life (Basel) 2021; 11:life11080774. [PMID: 34440518 PMCID: PMC8398872 DOI: 10.3390/life11080774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A slow rate of new drug discovery and higher costs of new drug development attracted the attention of scientists and physicians for the repurposing and repositioning of old medications. Experimental studies and off-label use of drugs have helped drive data for further studies of approving these medications. A deeper understanding of the pathogenesis of depression encourages novel discoveries through drug repurposing and drug repositioning to treat depression. In addition to reducing neurotransmitters like epinephrine and serotonin, other mechanisms such as inflammation, insufficient blood supply, and neurotoxicants are now considered as the possible involved mechanisms. Considering the mentioned mechanisms has resulted in repurposed medications to treat treatment-resistant depression (TRD) as alternative approaches. This review aims to discuss the available treatments and their progress way during repositioning. Neurotransmitters’ antagonists, atypical antipsychotics, and CNS stimulants have been studied for the repurposing aims. However, they need proper studies in terms of formulation, matching with regulatory standards, and efficacy.
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Reel PS, Reel S, Pearson E, Trucco E, Jefferson E. Using machine learning approaches for multi-omics data analysis: A review. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 49:107739. [PMID: 33794304 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 265] [Impact Index Per Article: 88.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
With the development of modern high-throughput omic measurement platforms, it has become essential for biomedical studies to undertake an integrative (combined) approach to fully utilise these data to gain insights into biological systems. Data from various omics sources such as genetics, proteomics, and metabolomics can be integrated to unravel the intricate working of systems biology using machine learning-based predictive algorithms. Machine learning methods offer novel techniques to integrate and analyse the various omics data enabling the discovery of new biomarkers. These biomarkers have the potential to help in accurate disease prediction, patient stratification and delivery of precision medicine. This review paper explores different integrative machine learning methods which have been used to provide an in-depth understanding of biological systems during normal physiological functioning and in the presence of a disease. It provides insight and recommendations for interdisciplinary professionals who envisage employing machine learning skills in multi-omics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parminder S Reel
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Smarti Reel
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan Pearson
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Emanuele Trucco
- VAMPIRE project, Computing, School of Science and Engineering, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Jefferson
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom.
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26
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Simoni G, Kaddi C, Tao M, Reali F, Tomasoni D, Priami C, Azer K, Neves-Zaph S, Marchetti L. A robust computational pipeline for model-based and data-driven phenotype clustering. Bioinformatics 2021; 37:1269-1277. [PMID: 33225350 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btaa948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION Precision medicine is a promising field that proposes, in contrast to a one-size-fits-all approach, the tailoring of medical decisions, treatments or products. In this context, it is crucial to introduce innovative methods to stratify a population of patients on the basis of an accurate system-level knowledge of the disease. This is particularly important in very challenging conditions, where the use of standard statistical methods can be prevented by poor data availability or by the need of oversimplifying the processes regulating a complex disease. RESULTS We define an innovative method for phenotype classification that combines experimental data and a mathematical description of the disease biology. The methodology exploits the mathematical model for inferring additional subject features relevant for the classification. Finally, the algorithm identifies the optimal number of clusters and classifies the samples on the basis of a subset of the features estimated during the model fit. We tested the algorithm in two test cases: an in silico case in the context of dyslipidemia, a complex disease for which a large population of patients has been generated, and a clinical test case, in the context of a lysosomal rare disorder, for which the amount of available data was limited. In both the scenarios, our methodology proved to be accurate and robust, and allowed the inference of an additional phenotype division that the experimental data did not show. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION The code to reproduce the in silico results has been implemented in MATLAB v.2017b and it is available in the Supplementary Material. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Simoni
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Chanchala Kaddi
- Digital Data Science - Translational Disease Modeling, Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA
| | - Mengdi Tao
- Digital Data Science - Translational Disease Modeling, Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA
| | - Federico Reali
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Danilo Tomasoni
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), 38068 Rovereto, Italy
| | - Corrado Priami
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), 38068 Rovereto, Italy.,Department of Computer Science, University of Pisa, 56127 Pisa, Italy
| | - Karim Azer
- Digital Data Science - Translational Disease Modeling, Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA
| | - Susana Neves-Zaph
- Digital Data Science - Translational Disease Modeling, Sanofi, Bridgewater, NJ 08807, USA
| | - Luca Marchetti
- Fondazione The Microsoft Research-University of Trento Centre for Computational and Systems Biology (COSBI), 38068 Rovereto, Italy
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Abstract
Drug repositioning is a strategy to identify new uses for existing, approved, or research drugs that are outside the scope of its original medical indication. Drug repurposing is based on the fact that one drug can act on multiple targets or that two diseases can have molecular similarities, among others. Currently, thanks to the rapid advancement of high-performance technologies, a massive amount of biological and biomedical data is being generated. This allows the use of computational methods and models based on biological networks to develop new possibilities for drug repurposing. Therefore, here, we provide an in-depth review of the main applications of drug repositioning that have been carried out using biological network models. The goal of this review is to show the usefulness of these computational methods to predict associations and to find candidate drugs for repositioning in new indications of certain diseases.
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28
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Abstract
The HJ biplot is a multivariate analysis technique that allows us to represent both individuals and variables in a space of reduced dimensions. To adapt this approach to massive datasets, it is necessary to implement new techniques that are capable of reducing the dimensionality of the data and improving interpretation. Because of this, we propose a modern approach to obtaining the HJ biplot called the elastic net HJ biplot, which applies the elastic net penalty to improve the interpretation of the results. It is a novel algorithm in the sense that it is the first attempt within the biplot family in which regularisation methods are used to obtain modified loadings to optimise the results. As a complement to the proposed method, and to give practical support to it, a package has been developed in the R language called SparseBiplots. This package fills a gap that exists in the context of the HJ biplot through penalized techniques since in addition to the elastic net, it also includes the ridge and lasso to obtain the HJ biplot. To complete the study, a practical comparison is made with the standard HJ biplot and the disjoint biplot, and some results common to these methods are analysed.
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29
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Wu M, Yi H, Ma S. Vertical integration methods for gene expression data analysis. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:bbaa169. [PMID: 32793970 PMCID: PMC8138889 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/18/2020] [Accepted: 07/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene expression data have played an essential role in many biomedical studies. When the number of genes is large and sample size is limited, there is a 'lack of information' problem, leading to low-quality findings. To tackle this problem, both horizontal and vertical data integrations have been developed, where vertical integration methods collectively analyze data on gene expressions as well as their regulators (such as mutations, DNA methylation and miRNAs). In this article, we conduct a selective review of vertical data integration methods for gene expression data. The reviewed methods cover both marginal and joint analysis and supervised and unsupervised analysis. The main goal is to provide a sketch of the vertical data integration paradigm without digging into too many technical details. We also briefly discuss potential pitfalls, directions for future developments and application notes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Wu
- School of Statistics and Management, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics
| | - Huangdi Yi
- Department of Biostatistics at Yale University
| | - Shuangge Ma
- Department of Biostatistics at Yale University
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Systems biology is a rapidly advancing field of science that allows us to look into disease mechanisms, patient diagnosis and stratification, and drug development in a completely new light. It is based on the utilization of unbiased computational systems free of the traditional experimental approaches based on personal choices of what is important and what select experiments should be performed to obtain the expected results. METHODS Systems biology can be applied to inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) by learning basic concepts of omes and omics and how omics-derived "big data" can be integrated to discover the biological networks underlying highly complex diseases like IBD. Once these biological networks (interactomes) are identified, then the molecules controlling the disease network can be singled out and specific blockers developed. RESULTS The field of systems biology in IBD is just emerging, and there is still limited information on how to best utilize its power to advance our understanding of Crohn disease and ulcerative colitis to develop novel therapeutic strategies. Few centers have embraced systems biology in IBD, but the creation of international consortia and large biobanks will make biosamples available to basic and clinical IBD investigators for further research studies. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of systems biology is indispensable and unavoidable, and the patient and medical communities will both benefit immensely from what it will offer in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Fiocchi
- Department of Inflammation & Immunity, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.,Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Digestive Disease and Surgery Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, USA
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31
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Termine A, Fabrizio C, Strafella C, Caputo V, Petrosini L, Caltagirone C, Giardina E, Cascella R. Multi-Layer Picture of Neurodegenerative Diseases: Lessons from the Use of Big Data through Artificial Intelligence. J Pers Med 2021; 11:280. [PMID: 33917161 PMCID: PMC8067806 DOI: 10.3390/jpm11040280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/05/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the big data era, artificial intelligence techniques have been applied to tackle traditional issues in the study of neurodegenerative diseases. Despite the progress made in understanding the complex (epi)genetics signatures underlying neurodegenerative disorders, performing early diagnosis and developing drug repurposing strategies remain serious challenges for such conditions. In this context, the integration of multi-omics, neuroimaging, and electronic health records data can be exploited using deep learning methods to provide the most accurate representation of patients possible. Deep learning allows researchers to find multi-modal biomarkers to develop more effective and personalized treatments, early diagnosis tools, as well as useful information for drug discovering and repurposing in neurodegenerative pathologies. In this review, we will describe how relevant studies have been able to demonstrate the potential of deep learning to enhance the knowledge of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases through the integration of all sources of biomedical data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Termine
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, 00179 Rome, Italy; (A.T.); (C.S.); (V.C.); (R.C.)
| | - Carlo Fabrizio
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology, 00143 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Claudia Strafella
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, 00179 Rome, Italy; (A.T.); (C.S.); (V.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Valerio Caputo
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, 00179 Rome, Italy; (A.T.); (C.S.); (V.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University of Rome, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Laura Petrosini
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Laboratory of Experimental and Behavioral Neurophysiology, 00143 Rome, Italy; (C.F.); (L.P.)
| | - Carlo Caltagirone
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Department of Clinical and Behavioral Neurology, 00179 Rome, Italy;
| | - Emiliano Giardina
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, 00179 Rome, Italy; (A.T.); (C.S.); (V.C.); (R.C.)
- UILDM Lazio ONLUS Foundation, Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, Tor Vergata University, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Raffaella Cascella
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Genomic Medicine Laboratory UILDM, 00179 Rome, Italy; (A.T.); (C.S.); (V.C.); (R.C.)
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Catholic University Our Lady of Good Counsel, 1000 Tirana, Albania
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Kumar Das J, Tradigo G, Veltri P, H Guzzi P, Roy S. Data science in unveiling COVID-19 pathogenesis and diagnosis: evolutionary origin to drug repurposing. Brief Bioinform 2021; 22:855-872. [PMID: 33592108 PMCID: PMC7929414 DOI: 10.1093/bib/bbaa420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
MOTIVATION The outbreak of novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2, also known as COVID-19) in Wuhan has attracted worldwide attention. SARS-CoV-2 causes severe inflammation, which can be fatal. Consequently, there has been a massive and rapid growth in research aimed at throwing light on the mechanisms of infection and the progression of the disease. With regard to this data science is playing a pivotal role in in silico analysis to gain insights into SARS-CoV-2 and the outbreak of COVID-19 in order to forecast, diagnose and come up with a drug to tackle the virus. The availability of large multiomics, radiological, bio-molecular and medical datasets requires the development of novel exploratory and predictive models, or the customisation of existing ones in order to fit the current problem. The high number of approaches generates the need for surveys to guide data scientists and medical practitioners in selecting the right tools to manage their clinical data. RESULTS Focusing on data science methodologies, we conduct a detailed study on the state-of-the-art of works tackling the current pandemic scenario. We consider various current COVID-19 data analytic domains such as phylogenetic analysis, SARS-CoV-2 genome identification, protein structure prediction, host-viral protein interactomics, clinical imaging, epidemiological research and drug discovery. We highlight data types and instances, their generation pipelines and the data science models currently in use. The current study should give a detailed sketch of the road map towards handling COVID-19 like situations by leveraging data science experts in choosing the right tools. We also summarise our review focusing on prime challenges and possible future research directions. CONTACT hguzzi@unicz.it, sroy01@cus.ac.in.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayanta Kumar Das
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Maryland, USA
| | - Giuseppe Tradigo
- eCampus University, Via Isimbardi 10, 22060 Novedrate, CO, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Veltri
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Pietro H Guzzi
- Department of Surgical and Medical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Catanzaro, 88100, Italy
| | - Swarup Roy
- Network Reconstruction & Analysis (NetRA) Lab, Department of Computer Applications, Sikkim University, Gangtok, India
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33
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Yee NS. Machine intelligence for precision oncology. World J Transl Med 2021; 9:1-10. [DOI: 10.5528/wjtm.v9.i1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite various advances in cancer research, the incidence and mortality rates of malignant diseases have remained high. Accurate risk assessment, prevention, detection, and treatment of cancer tailored to the individual are major challenges in clinical oncology. Artificial intelligence (AI), a field of applied computer science, has shown promising potential of accelerating evolution of healthcare towards precision oncology. This article focuses on highlights of the application of data-driven machine learning (ML) and deep learning (DL) in translational research for cancer diagnosis, prognosis, treatment, and clinical outcomes. ML-based algorithms in radiological and histological images have been demonstrated to improve detection and diagnosis of cancer. DL-based prediction models in molecular or multi-omics datasets of cancer for biomarkers and targets enable drug discovery and treatment. ML approaches combining radiomics with genomics and other omics data enhance the power of AI in improving diagnosis, prognostication, and treatment of cancer. Ethical and regulatory issues involving patient confidentiality and data security impose certain limitations on practical implementation of ML in clinical oncology. However, the ultimate goal of application of AI in cancer research is to develop and implement multi-modal machine intelligence for improving clinical decision on individualized management of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nelson S Yee
- Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Penn State Cancer Institute, Penn State Health Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, Hershey, PA 17033-0850, United States
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Wen Y, Song X, Yan B, Yang X, Wu L, Leng D, He S, Bo X. Multi-dimensional data integration algorithm based on random walk with restart. BMC Bioinformatics 2021; 22:97. [PMID: 33639858 PMCID: PMC7912853 DOI: 10.1186/s12859-021-04029-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The accumulation of various multi-omics data and computational approaches for data integration can accelerate the development of precision medicine. However, the algorithm development for multi-omics data integration remains a pressing challenge. RESULTS Here, we propose a multi-omics data integration algorithm based on random walk with restart (RWR) on multiplex network. We call the resulting methodology Random Walk with Restart for multi-dimensional data Fusion (RWRF). RWRF uses similarity network of samples as the basis for integration. It constructs the similarity network for each data type and then connects corresponding samples of multiple similarity networks to create a multiplex sample network. By applying RWR on the multiplex network, RWRF uses stationary probability distribution to fuse similarity networks. We applied RWRF to The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) data to identify subtypes in different cancer data sets. Three types of data (mRNA expression, DNA methylation, and microRNA expression data) are integrated and network clustering is conducted. Experiment results show that RWRF performs better than single data type analysis and previous integrative methods. CONCLUSIONS RWRF provides powerful support to users to decipher the cancer molecular subtypes, thus may benefit precision treatment of specific patients in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqi Wen
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyu Song
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, 100853, People's Republic of China
| | - Bowei Yan
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxi Yang
- Experimental Center, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianlian Wu
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.,Academy of Medical Engineering and Translational Medicine, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Dongjin Leng
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China
| | - Song He
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaochen Bo
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, Beijing, 100850, People's Republic of China.
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Chen W, Jiang J, Gong L, Shu Z, Xiang D, Zhang X, Bi K, Diao H. Hepatitis B virus P protein initiates glycolytic bypass in HBV-related hepatocellular carcinoma via a FOXO3/miRNA-30b-5p/MINPP1 axis. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2021; 40:1. [PMID: 33390177 PMCID: PMC7779247 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-020-01803-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a crucial risk factor for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, its underlying mechanism remains understudied. Methods Microarray analysis was conducted to compare the genes and miRNAs in liver tissue from HBV-positive and HBV-negative HCC patients. Biological functions of these biomarkers in HBV-related HCC were validated via in vitro and in vivo experiments. Furthermore, we investigated the effect of HBV on the proliferation and migration of tumor cells in HBV-positive HCC tissue. Bioinformatics analysis was then performed to validate the clinical value of the biomarkers in a large HCC cohort. Results We found that a gene, MINPP1 from the glycolytic bypass metabolic pathway, has an important biological function in the development of HBV-positive HCC. MINPP1 is down-regulated in HBV-positive HCC and could inhibit the proliferation and migration of the tumor cells. Meanwhile, miRNA-30b-5p was found to be a stimulator for the proliferation of tumor cell through glycolytic bypass in HBV-positive HCC. More importantly, miRNA-30b-5p could significantly downregulate MINPP1 expression. Metabolic experiments showed that the miRNA-30b-5p/MINPP1 axis is able to accelerate the conversion of glucose to lactate and 2,3-bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG). In the HBV-negative HCC cells, miRNA-30b-5p/MINPP1 could not regulate the glycolytic bypass to promote the tumorigenesis. However, once HBV was introduced into these cells, miRNA-30b-5p/MINPP1 significantly enhanced the proliferation, migration of tumor cells, and promoted the glycolytic bypass. We further revealed that HBV infection promoted the expression of miRNA-30b-5p through the interaction of HBV protein P (HBp) with FOXO3. Bioinformatics analysis on a large cohort dataset showed that high expression of MINPP1 was associated with favorable survival of HBV-positive HCC patients, which could lead to a slower progress of this disease. Conclusion Our study found that the HBp/FOXO3/miRNA-30b-5p/MINPP1 axis contributes to the development of HBV-positive HCC cells through the glycolytic bypass. We also presented miRNA-30b-5p/MINPP1 as a novel biomarker for HBV-positive HCC early diagnosis and a potential pharmaceutical target for antitumor therapy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13046-020-01803-8.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenbiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Jingjing Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Lan Gong
- Microbiome Research Centre, St George and Sutherland Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Zheyue Shu
- Department of Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Division of Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Surgery, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, China.,Key Lab of Combined Multi-Organ Transplantation, Ministry of Public Health, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Dairong Xiang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Xujun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Kefan Bi
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China
| | - Hongyan Diao
- State Key Laboratory for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Infectious Disease, Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis & Treatment of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, China.
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Abstract
In recent biomedical studies, multidimensional profiling, which collects proteomics as well as other types of omics data on the same subjects, is getting increasingly popular. Proteomics, transcriptomics, genomics, epigenomics, and other types of data contain overlapping as well as independent information, which suggests the possibility of integrating multiple types of data to generate more reliable findings/models with better classification/prediction performance. In this chapter, a selective review is conducted on recent data integration techniques for both unsupervised and supervised analysis. The main objective is to provide the "big picture" of data integration that involves proteomics data and discuss the "intuition" beneath the recently developed approaches without invoking too many mathematical details. Potential pitfalls and possible directions for future developments are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyun Wu
- School of Statistics and Management, Shanghai University of Finance and Economics, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- School of Public Health, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Shuangge Ma
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Park YH, Hodges A, Simmons A, Lovestone S, Weiner MW, Kim S, Saykin AJ, Nho K. Association of blood-based transcriptional risk scores with biomarkers for Alzheimer disease. Neurol Genet 2020; 6:e517. [PMID: 33134515 PMCID: PMC7577551 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine whether transcriptional risk scores (TRSs), a summation of polarized expression levels of functional genes, reflect the risk of Alzheimer disease (AD). METHODS Blood transcriptome data were from Caucasian participants, which included AD, mild cognitive impairment, and cognitively normal controls (CN) in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI, n = 661) and AddNeuroMed (n = 674) cohorts. To calculate TRSs, we selected functional genes that were expressed under the control of the AD risk loci and were identified as being responsible for AD by using Bayesian colocalization and mendelian randomization methods. Regression was used to investigate the association of the TRS with diagnosis (AD vs CN) and MRI biomarkers (entorhinal thickness and hippocampal volume). Regression was also used to evaluate whether expression of each functional gene was associated with AD diagnosis. RESULTS The TRS was significantly associated with AD diagnosis, hippocampal volume, and entorhinal cortical thickness in the ADNI. The association of the TRS with AD diagnosis and entorhinal cortical thickness was also replicated in AddNeuroMed. Among functional genes identified to calculate the TRS, CD33 and PILRA were significantly upregulated, and TRAPPC6A was significantly downregulated in patients with AD compared with CN, all of which were identified in the ADNI and replicated in AddNeuroMed. CONCLUSIONS The blood-based TRS is significantly associated with AD diagnosis and neuroimaging biomarkers. In blood, CD33 and PILRA were known to be associated with uptake of β-amyloid and herpes simplex virus 1 infection, respectively, both of which may play a role in the pathogenesis of AD. CLASSIFICATION OF EVIDENCE The study is rated Class III because of the case control design and the risk of spectrum bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Ho Park
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (Y.H.P., A.J.S., K.N.), and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (Y.H.P.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (A.H., A.S.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (S.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Departments of Radiology, Medicine, and Psychiatry (M.W.W.), University of California-San Francisco; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (M.W.W.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (A.J.S.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (K.N.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Angela Hodges
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (Y.H.P., A.J.S., K.N.), and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (Y.H.P.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (A.H., A.S.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (S.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Departments of Radiology, Medicine, and Psychiatry (M.W.W.), University of California-San Francisco; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (M.W.W.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (A.J.S.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (K.N.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Andrew Simmons
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (Y.H.P., A.J.S., K.N.), and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (Y.H.P.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (A.H., A.S.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (S.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Departments of Radiology, Medicine, and Psychiatry (M.W.W.), University of California-San Francisco; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (M.W.W.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (A.J.S.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (K.N.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Simon Lovestone
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (Y.H.P., A.J.S., K.N.), and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (Y.H.P.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (A.H., A.S.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (S.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Departments of Radiology, Medicine, and Psychiatry (M.W.W.), University of California-San Francisco; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (M.W.W.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (A.J.S.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (K.N.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Michael W Weiner
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (Y.H.P., A.J.S., K.N.), and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (Y.H.P.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (A.H., A.S.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (S.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Departments of Radiology, Medicine, and Psychiatry (M.W.W.), University of California-San Francisco; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (M.W.W.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (A.J.S.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (K.N.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - SangYun Kim
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (Y.H.P., A.J.S., K.N.), and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (Y.H.P.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (A.H., A.S.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (S.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Departments of Radiology, Medicine, and Psychiatry (M.W.W.), University of California-San Francisco; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (M.W.W.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (A.J.S.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (K.N.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Andrew J Saykin
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (Y.H.P., A.J.S., K.N.), and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (Y.H.P.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (A.H., A.S.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (S.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Departments of Radiology, Medicine, and Psychiatry (M.W.W.), University of California-San Francisco; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (M.W.W.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (A.J.S.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (K.N.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
| | - Kwangsik Nho
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences (Y.H.P., A.J.S., K.N.), and the Indiana Alzheimer Disease Center, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; Department of Neurology (Y.H.P.), Seoul National University Bundang Hospital and Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seongnam, Republic of Korea; Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience (A.H., A.S.), King's College London, United Kingdom; Department of Psychiatry (S.L.), University of Oxford, United Kingdom; Departments of Radiology, Medicine, and Psychiatry (M.W.W.), University of California-San Francisco; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center (M.W.W.), San Francisco, CA; Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics (A.J.S.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis; and Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics (K.N.), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis
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Khachatoorian Y, Khachadourian V, Chang E, Sernas ER, Reed EF, Deng M, Piening BD, Pereira AC, Keating B, Cadeiras M. Noninvasive biomarkers for prediction and diagnosis of heart transplantation rejection. Transplant Rev (Orlando) 2020; 35:100590. [PMID: 33401139 DOI: 10.1016/j.trre.2020.100590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
For most patients with end-stage heart failure, heart transplantation is the treatment of choice. Allograft rejection is one of the major post-transplantation complications affecting graft outcome and survival. Recent advancements in science and technology offer an opportunity to integrate genomic and other omics-based biomarkers into clinical practice, facilitating noninvasive evaluation of allograft for diagnostic and prognostic purposes. Omics, including gene expression profiling (GEP) of blood immune cell components and donor-derived cell-free DNA (dd-cfDNA) are of special interest to researchers. Several studies have investigated levels of dd-cfDNA and miroRNAs in blood as potential markers for early detection of allograft rejection. One of the achievements in the field of transcriptomics is AlloMap, GEP of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC), which can identify 11 differentially expressed genes and help with detection of moderate and severe acute cellular rejection in stable heart transplant recipients. In recent years, the utilization of GEP of PBMC for identifying differentially expressed genes to diagnose acute antibody-mediated rejection and cardiac allograft vasculopathy has yielded promising results. Advancements in the field of metabolomics and proteomics as well as their potential implications have been further discussed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeraz Khachatoorian
- Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States of America.
| | - Vahe Khachadourian
- Turpanjian School of Public Health, American University of Armenia, Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Eleanor Chang
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Erick R Sernas
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
| | - Elaine F Reed
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Mario Deng
- Division of Cardiology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Brian D Piening
- Earle A Chiles Research Institute, Providence Health and Services, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | | | - Brendan Keating
- Department of Surgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Martin Cadeiras
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, United States of America
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Abstract
The k-assignment problem (or, the k-matching problem) on k-partite graphs is an NP-hard problem for k≥3. In this paper we introduce five new heuristics. Two algorithms, Bm and Cm, arise as natural improvements of Algorithm Am from (He et al., in: Graph Algorithms And Applications 2, World Scientific, 2004). The other three algorithms, Dm, Em, and Fm, incorporate randomization. Algorithm Dm can be considered as a greedy version of Bm, whereas Em and Fm are versions of local search algorithm, specialized for the k-matching problem. The algorithms are implemented in Python and are run on three datasets. On the datasets available, all the algorithms clearly outperform Algorithm Am in terms of solution quality. On the first dataset with known optimal values the average relative error ranges from 1.47% over optimum (algorithm Am) to 0.08% over optimum (algorithm Em). On the second dataset with known optimal values the average relative error ranges from 4.41% over optimum (algorithm Am) to 0.45% over optimum (algorithm Fm). Better quality of solutions demands higher computation times, thus the new algorithms provide a good compromise between quality of solutions and computation time.
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Amaral MD. How to determine the mechanism of action of CFTR modulator compounds: A gateway to theranostics. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 210:112989. [PMID: 33190956 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The greatest challenge of 21st century biology is to fully understand mechanisms of disease to drive new approaches and medical innovation. Parallel to this is the huge biomedical endeavour of treating people through personalized medicine. Until now all CFTR modulator drugs that have entered clinical trials have been genotype-dependent. An emerging alternative is personalized/precision medicine in CF, i.e., to determine whether rare CFTR mutations respond to existing (or novel) CFTR modulator drugs by pre-assessing them directly on patient's tissues ex vivo, an approach also now termed theranostics. To administer the right drug to the right person it is essential to understand how drugs work, i.e., to know their mechanism of action (MoA), so as to predict their applicability, not just in certain mutations but also possibly in other diseases that share the same defect/defective pathway. Moreover, an understanding the MoA of a drug before it is tested in clinical trials is the logical path to drug discovery and can increase its chance for success and hence also approval. In conclusion, the most powerful approach to determine the MoA of a compound is to understand the underlying biology. Novel large datasets of intervenients in most biological processes, namely those emerging from the post-genomic era tools, are available and should be used to help in this task.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida D Amaral
- BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Portugal.
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Khan IH, Javaid M. Big Data Applications in Medical Field: A Literature Review. JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL INTEGRATION AND MANAGEMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1142/s242486222030001x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Digital imaging and medical reporting have acquired an essential role in healthcare, but the main challenge is the storage of a high volume of patient data. Although newer technologies are already introduced in the medical sciences to save records size, Big Data provides advancements by storing a large amount of data to improve the efficiency and quality of patient treatment with better care. It provides intelligent automation capabilities to reduce errors than manual inputs. Large numbers of research papers on big data in the medical field are studied and analyzed for their impacts, benefits, and applications. Big data has great potential to support the digitalization of all medical and clinical records and then save the entire data regarding the medical history of an individual or a group. This paper discusses big data usage for various industries and sectors. Finally, 12 significant applications for the medical field by the implementation of big data are identified and studied with a brief description. This technology can be gainfully used to extract useful information from the available data by analyzing and managing them through a combination of hardware and software. With technological advancement, big data provides health-related information for millions of patient-related to life issues such as lab tests reporting, clinical narratives, demographics, prescription, medical diagnosis, and related documentation. Thus, Big Data is essential in developing a better yet efficient analysis and storage healthcare services. The demand for big data applications is increasing due to its capability of handling and analyzing massive data. Not only in the future but even now, Big Data is proving itself as an axiom of storing, developing, analyzing, and providing overall health information to the physicians.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Haleem Khan
- School of Engineering Sciences and Technology, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Javaid
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
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Turek C, Wróbel S, Piwowar M. OmicsON - Integration of omics data with molecular networks and statistical procedures. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0235398. [PMID: 32726348 PMCID: PMC7390260 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0235398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
A huge amount of atomized biological data collected in various databases and the need for a description of their relation by theoretical methods causes the development of data integration methods. The omics data analysis by integration of biological knowledge with mathematical procedures implemented in the OmicsON R library is presented in the paper. OmicsON is a tool for the integration of two sets of data: transcriptomics and metabolomics. In the workflow of the library, the functional grouping and statistical analysis are applied. Subgroups among the transcriptomic and metabolomics sets are created based on the biological knowledge stored in Reactome and String databases. It gives the possibility to analyze such sets of data by multivariate statistical procedures like Canonical Correlation Analysis (CCA) or Partial Least Squares (PLS). The integration of metabolomic and transcriptomic data based on the methodology contained in OmicsON helps to easily obtain information on the connection of data from two different sets. This information can significantly help in assessing the relationship between gene expression and metabolite concentrations, which in turn facilitates the biological interpretation of the analyzed process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cezary Turek
- Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Jagiellonian University–Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Sonia Wróbel
- Department of Medical Physics, Jagiellonian University, Marian Smoluchowski Institute of Physics, Krakow, Poland
| | - Monika Piwowar
- Department of Bioinformatics and Telemedicine, Jagiellonian University–Medical College, Krakow, Poland
- * E-mail:
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Chakraborty N, Schmitt CW, Honnold CL, Moyler C, Butler S, Nachabe H, Gautam A, Hammamieh R. Protocol Improvement for RNA Extraction From Compromised Frozen Specimens Generated in Austere Conditions: A Path Forward to Transcriptomics-Pathology Systems Integration. Front Mol Biosci 2020; 7:142. [PMID: 32793629 PMCID: PMC7387682 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.00142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
At the heart of the phenome-to-genome approach is high throughput assays, which are liable to produce false results. This risk can be mitigated by minimizing the sample bias, specifically, recycling the same tissue specimen for both phenotypic and genotypic investigations. Therefore, our aim is to suggest a methodology of obtaining robust results from frozen specimens of compromised quality, particularly if the sample is produced in conditions with limited resources. For example, generating samples at the International Space Station (ISS) is challenging because the time and laboratory footprint allotted to a project can get expensive. In an effort to be economical with available resources, snap-frozen euthanized mice are the straightforward solution; however, this method increases the risk of temperature abuse during the thawing process at the beginning of the tissue collection. We found that prolonged immersion of snap frozen mouse carcass in 10% neutral buffered formalin at 4°C yielded minimal microscopic signs of ice crystallization and delivered tissues with histomorphology that is optimal for hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and fixation on glass slides. We further optimized a method to sequester the tissue specimen from the H&E slides using an incubator shaker. Using this method, we were able to recover an optimal amount of RNA that could be used for downstream transcriptomics assays. Overall, we demonstrated a protocol that enables us to maximize scientific values from tissues collected in austere condition. Furthermore, our protocol can suggest an improvement in the spatial resolution of transcriptomic assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nabarun Chakraborty
- Geneva Foundation, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States.,Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Connie W Schmitt
- Comparative Pathology, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Gunpowder, MD, United States
| | - Cary L Honnold
- Comparative Pathology, US Army Medical Research Institute of Chemical Defense, Gunpowder, MD, United States
| | - Candace Moyler
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States.,ORISE, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Stephen Butler
- Geneva Foundation, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States.,Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Hisham Nachabe
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States.,ORISE, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Aarti Gautam
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
| | - Rasha Hammamieh
- Medical Readiness Systems Biology, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Silver Spring, MD, United States
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Leal LG, David A, Jarvelin MR, Sebert S, Männikkö M, Karhunen V, Seaby E, Hoggart C, Sternberg MJE. Identification of disease-associated loci using machine learning for genotype and network data integration. Bioinformatics 2020; 35:5182-5190. [PMID: 31070705 PMCID: PMC6954643 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btz310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 03/28/2019] [Accepted: 04/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Motivation Integration of different omics data could markedly help to identify biological signatures, understand the missing heritability of complex diseases and ultimately achieve personalized medicine. Standard regression models used in Genome-Wide Association Studies (GWAS) identify loci with a strong effect size, whereas GWAS meta-analyses are often needed to capture weak loci contributing to the missing heritability. Development of novel machine learning algorithms for merging genotype data with other omics data is highly needed as it could enhance the prioritization of weak loci. Results We developed cNMTF (corrected non-negative matrix tri-factorization), an integrative algorithm based on clustering techniques of biological data. This method assesses the inter-relatedness between genotypes, phenotypes, the damaging effect of the variants and gene networks in order to identify loci-trait associations. cNMTF was used to prioritize genes associated with lipid traits in two population cohorts. We replicated 129 genes reported in GWAS world-wide and provided evidence that supports 85% of our findings (226 out of 265 genes), including recent associations in literature (NLGN1), regulators of lipid metabolism (DAB1) and pleiotropic genes for lipid traits (CARM1). Moreover, cNMTF performed efficiently against strong population structures by accounting for the individuals’ ancestry. As the method is flexible in the incorporation of diverse omics data sources, it can be easily adapted to the user’s research needs. Availability and implementation An R package (cnmtf) is available at https://lgl15.github.io/cnmtf_web/index.html. Supplementary information Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis G Leal
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alessia David
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Marjo-Riita Jarvelin
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Sylvain Sebert
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland
| | - Minna Männikkö
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland
| | - Ville Karhunen
- Center for Life Course Health Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu FI-90014, Finland.,Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Unit of Primary Health Care, Oulu University Hospital, Oulu 90220, Finland.,Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, MRC-PHE Centre for Environment and Health, School of Public Health, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK.,Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Middlesex UB8 3PH, UK
| | - Eleanor Seaby
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Clive Hoggart
- Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London W2 1PG, UK
| | - Michael J E Sternberg
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Integrative Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
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Song C, Kong Y, Huang L, Luo H, Zhu X. Big data-driven precision medicine: Starting the custom-made era of iatrology. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 129:110445. [PMID: 32593132 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Precision medicine is a new therapeutic concept and method emerging in recent years. The rapid development of precision medicine is driven by the development of omics related technology, biological information and big data science. Precision medicine is provided to implement precise and personalized treatment for diseases and specific patients. Precision medicine is commonly used in the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of various diseases. This review introduces the application of precision medicine in eight systematic diseases of the human body, and systematically presenting the current situation of precision medicine. At the same time, the shortcomings and limitations of precision medicine are pointed out. Finally, we prospect the development of precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Song
- Marine Medical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang (GDZJMMRI), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Hubei No. 3 People's Hospital of Jianghan University, Wuhan 430033, China
| | - Lianfang Huang
- Marine Medical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang (GDZJMMRI), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China.
| | - Hui Luo
- Marine Medical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang (GDZJMMRI), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China.
| | - Xiao Zhu
- Marine Medical Research Institute of Guangdong Zhanjiang (GDZJMMRI), Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory Zhanjiang, Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang 524023, China.
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46
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Basha O, Mauer O, Simonovsky E, Shpringer R, Yeger-Lotem E. ResponseNet v.3: revealing signaling and regulatory pathways connecting your proteins and genes across human tissues. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 47:W242-W247. [PMID: 31114913 PMCID: PMC6602570 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ResponseNet v.3 is an enhanced version of ResponseNet, a web server that is designed to highlight signaling and regulatory pathways connecting user-defined proteins and genes by using the ResponseNet network optimization approach (http://netbio.bgu.ac.il/respnet). Users run ResponseNet by defining source and target sets of proteins, genes and/or microRNAs, and by specifying a molecular interaction network (interactome). The output of ResponseNet is a sparse, high-probability interactome subnetwork that connects the two sets, thereby revealing additional molecules and interactions that are involved in the studied condition. In recent years, massive efforts were invested in profiling the transcriptomes of human tissues, enabling the inference of human tissue interactomes. ResponseNet v.3 expands ResponseNet2.0 by harnessing ∼11,600 RNA-sequenced human tissue profiles made available by the Genotype-Tissue Expression consortium, to support context-specific analysis of 44 human tissues. Thus, ResponseNet v.3 allows users to illuminate the signaling and regulatory pathways potentially active in the context of a specific tissue, and to compare them with active pathways in other tissues. In the era of precision medicine, such analyses open the door for tissue- and patient-specific analyses of pathways and diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omer Basha
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - Omry Mauer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - Eyal Simonovsky
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - Rotem Shpringer
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences
| | - Esti Yeger-Lotem
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry & Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences.,National Institute for Biotechnology in the Negev, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
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47
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Kirtonia A, Gala K, Fernandes SG, Pandya G, Pandey AK, Sethi G, Khattar E, Garg M. Repurposing of drugs: An attractive pharmacological strategy for cancer therapeutics. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 68:258-278. [PMID: 32380233 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2020] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human malignancies are one of the major health-related issues though out the world and anticipated to rise in the future. The development of novel drugs/agents requires a huge amount of cost and time that represents a major challenge for drug discovery. In the last three decades, the number of FDA approved drugs has dropped down and this led to increasing interest in drug reposition or repurposing. The present review focuses on recent concepts and therapeutic opportunities for the utilization of antidiabetics, antibiotics, antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antipsychotic, PDE inhibitors and estrogen receptor antagonist, Antabuse, antiparasitic and cardiovascular agents/drugs as an alternative approach against human malignancies. The repurposing of approved non-cancerous drugs is an effective strategy to develop new therapeutic options for the treatment of cancer patients at an affordable cost in clinics. In the current scenario, most of the countries throughout the globe are unable to meet the medical needs of cancer patients because of the high cost of the available cancerous drugs. Some of these drugs displayed potential anti-cancer activity in preclinic and clinical studies by regulating several key molecular mechanisms and oncogenic pathways in human malignancies. The emerging pieces of evidence indicate that repurposing of drugs is crucial to the faster and cheaper discovery of anti-cancerous drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anuradha Kirtonia
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India; Equal contribution
| | - Kavita Gala
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056, India; Equal contribution
| | - Stina George Fernandes
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056, India; Equal contribution
| | - Gouri Pandya
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India; Equal contribution
| | - Amit Kumar Pandey
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University Haryana, Manesar, Haryana, 122413, India
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 117600, Singapore
| | - Ekta Khattar
- Sunandan Divatia School of Science, SVKM's NMIMS (Deemed to be University), Vile Parle West, Mumbai, 400056, India.
| | - Manoj Garg
- Amity Institute of Molecular Medicine and Stem cell Research (AIMMSCR), Amity University Uttar Pradesh, Noida, 201313, India.
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Multiplex bioimaging of single-cell spatial profiles for precision cancer diagnostics and therapeutics. NPJ Precis Oncol 2020; 4:11. [PMID: 32377572 PMCID: PMC7195402 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-020-0114-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancers exhibit functional and structural diversity in distinct patients. In this mass, normal and malignant cells create tumor microenvironment that is heterogeneous among patients. A residue from primary tumors leaks into the bloodstream as cell clusters and single cells, providing clues about disease progression and therapeutic response. The complexity of these hierarchical microenvironments needs to be elucidated. Although tumors comprise ample cell types, the standard clinical technique is still the histology that is limited to a single marker. Multiplexed imaging technologies open new directions in pathology. Spatially resolved proteomic, genomic, and metabolic profiles of human cancers are now possible at the single-cell level. This perspective discusses spatial bioimaging methods to decipher the cascade of microenvironments in solid and liquid biopsies. A unique synthesis of top-down and bottom-up analysis methods is presented. Spatial multi-omics profiles can be tailored to precision oncology through artificial intelligence. Data-driven patient profiling enables personalized medicine and beyond.
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49
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Morera LP, Gallea JI, Trógolo MA, Guido ME, Medrano LA. From Work Well-Being to Burnout: A Hypothetical Phase Model. Front Neurosci 2020; 14:360. [PMID: 32425748 PMCID: PMC7212378 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Upon exposure to chronic stressors, how do individuals move from being in a healthy state to a burnout? Strikingly in literature, this has prevailed a categorical view rather than a dimensional one, thus the underlying process that explains the transition from one state to another remains unclear. The aims of the present study are (a) to examine intermediate states between work engagement and burnout using cluster analysis and (b) to examine cortisol differences across these states. Two-hundred and eighty-one Argentine workers completed self-report measures of work engagement and burnout. Salivary cortisol was measured at three time-points: immediately after awakening and 30 and 40min thereafter. Results showed four different states based on the scores in cynicism, exhaustion, vigor, and dedication: engaged, strained, cynical, and burned-out. Cortisol levels were found to be moderate in the engaged state, increased in the strained and cynical states, and decreased in the burned-out state. The increase/decrease in cortisol across the four stages reconciles apparent contradictory findings regarding hypercortisolism and hypocortisolism, and suggests that they may represent different phases in the transition from engagement to burnout. A phase model from engagement to burnout is proposed and future research aimed at evaluating this model is suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- L P Morera
- Instituto de Organizaciones Saludables, Universidad Siglo 21, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - J I Gallea
- Instituto de Organizaciones Saludables, Universidad Siglo 21, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M A Trógolo
- Instituto de Organizaciones Saludables, Universidad Siglo 21, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - M E Guido
- Departamento de Biología Química, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - L A Medrano
- Instituto de Organizaciones Saludables, Universidad Siglo 21, Córdoba, Argentina.,Pontifica Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra, Vicerrectoría de Investigación, Santiago de los Caballeros, Dominican Republic
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50
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Sarcoidosis: Causes, Diagnosis, Clinical Features, and Treatments. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9041081. [PMID: 32290254 PMCID: PMC7230978 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9041081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 04/04/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcoidosis is a multisystem granulomatous disease with nonspecific clinical manifestations that commonly affects the pulmonary system and other organs including the eyes, skin, liver, spleen, and lymph nodes. Sarcoidosis usually presents with persistent dry cough, eye and skin manifestations, weight loss, fatigue, night sweats, and erythema nodosum. Sarcoidosis is not influenced by sex or age, although it is more common in adults (< 50 years) of African-American or Scandinavians decent. Diagnosis can be difficult because of nonspecific symptoms and can only be verified following histopathological examination. Various factors, including infection, genetic predisposition, and environmental factors, are involved in the pathology of sarcoidosis. Exposures to insecticides, herbicides, bioaerosols, and agricultural employment are also associated with an increased risk for sarcoidosis. Due to its unknown etiology, early diagnosis and detection are difficult; however, the advent of advanced technologies, such as endobronchial ultrasound-guided biopsy, high-resolution computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging, and 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography has improved our ability to reliably diagnose this condition and accurately forecast its prognosis. This review discusses the causes and clinical features of sarcoidosis, and the improvements made in its prognosis, therapeutic management, and the recent discovery of potential biomarkers associated with the diagnostic assay used for sarcoidosis confirmation.
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