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Casey RT, Hendriks E, Deal C, Waguespack SG, Wiegering V, Redlich A, Akker S, Prasad R, Fassnacht M, Clifton-Bligh R, Amar L, Bornstein S, Canu L, Charmandari E, Chrisoulidou A, Freixes MC, de Krijger R, de Sanctis L, Fojo A, Ghia AJ, Huebner A, Kosmoliaptsis V, Kuhlen M, Raffaelli M, Lussey-Lepoutre C, Marks SD, Nilubol N, Parasiliti-Caprino M, Timmers HHJLM, Zietlow AL, Robledo M, Gimenez-Roqueplo AP, Grossman AB, Taïeb D, Maher ER, Lenders JWM, Eisenhofer G, Jimenez C, Pacak K, Pamporaki C. International consensus statement on the diagnosis and management of phaeochromocytoma and paraganglioma in children and adolescents. Nat Rev Endocrinol 2024:10.1038/s41574-024-01024-5. [PMID: 39147856 DOI: 10.1038/s41574-024-01024-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/17/2024]
Abstract
Phaeochromocytomas and paragangliomas (PPGL) are rare neuroendocrine tumours that arise not only in adulthood but also in childhood and adolescence. Up to 70-80% of childhood PPGL are hereditary, accounting for a higher incidence of metastatic and/or multifocal PPGL in paediatric patients than in adult patients. Key differences in the tumour biology and management, together with rare disease incidence and therapeutic challenges in paediatric compared with adult patients, mandate close expert cross-disciplinary teamwork. Teams should ideally include adult and paediatric endocrinologists, oncologists, cardiologists, surgeons, geneticists, pathologists, radiologists, clinical psychologists and nuclear medicine physicians. Provision of an international Consensus Statement should improve care and outcomes for children and adolescents with these tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth T Casey
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.
- Department of Endocrinology, Cambridge Cancer Centre and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Emile Hendriks
- Department of Paediatric Diabetes and Endocrinology, Cambridge Cancer Centre and Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Cheri Deal
- Endocrine and Diabetes Service, CHU Sainte-Justine and University of Montreal, Montreal, Québec, Canada
| | - Steven G Waguespack
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Verena Wiegering
- University Children's Hospital, Department of Paediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Antje Redlich
- Paediatric Oncology Department, Otto von Guericke University Children's Hospital, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Scott Akker
- St Bartholomew's Hospital, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - Rathi Prasad
- Centre for Endocrinology, William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Martin Fassnacht
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology and Diabetes, University Hospital, University of Würzburg, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Roderick Clifton-Bligh
- Department of Diabetes and Endocrinology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Laurence Amar
- Université de Paris, Paris, France
- Hypertension Unit, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | - Stefan Bornstein
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Letizia Canu
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Biomedical Sciences "Mario Serio", University of Florence, Florence, Italy
- Centro di Ricerca e Innovazione sulle Patologie Surrenaliche, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria (AOU) Careggi, Florence, Italy
| | - Evangelia Charmandari
- Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Diabetes, First Department of Paediatrics, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens Medical School, 'Aghia Sophia' Children's Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | | | - Maria Currás Freixes
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ronald de Krijger
- Princess Maxima Center for Paediatric Oncology, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Luisa de Sanctis
- Department of Public Health and Paediatric Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Antonio Fojo
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amol J Ghia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital of Texas, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Angela Huebner
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Vasilis Kosmoliaptsis
- Department of Surgery, University of Cambridge and National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
- Blood and Transplant Research Unit in Organ Donation and Transplantation, National Institute for Health Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michaela Kuhlen
- Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Augsburg, Augsburg, Germany
| | - Marco Raffaelli
- U.O.C. Chirurgia Endocrina e Metabolica, Fondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, Italy
- Istituto di Semeiotica Chirurgica, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, Italy
| | - Charlotte Lussey-Lepoutre
- Service de médecine nucléaire, Inserm U970, Sorbonne université, Groupe hospitalier Pitié-Salpétrière, Paris, France
| | - Stephen D Marks
- Department of Paediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust and NIHR GOSH Biomedical Research Centre, University College London Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Naris Nilubol
- Surgical Oncology Program, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mirko Parasiliti-Caprino
- Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Turin, Corso Dogliotti, Turin, Italy
| | - Henri H J L M Timmers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Anna Lena Zietlow
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology, Institute of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Department of Psychology, TU Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Mercedes Robledo
- Hereditary Endocrine Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre (CNIO) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anne-Paule Gimenez-Roqueplo
- Université Paris Cité, PARCC, INSERM, Paris, France
- Service de Génétique, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Hôpital Européen Georges Pompidou, Paris, France
| | - Ashley B Grossman
- Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
- Centre for Endocrinology, Barts and the London School of Medicine, London, UK
- ENETS Centre of Excellence, Royal Free Hospital, London, UK
| | - David Taïeb
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, La Timone University Hospital, CERIMED, Aix-Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Eamonn R Maher
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Cambridge and NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacques W M Lenders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Graeme Eisenhofer
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Camilo Jimenez
- Department of Endocrine Neoplasia and Hormonal Disorders, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Karel Pacak
- Section on Medical Neuroendocrinology, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Christina Pamporaki
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Medical Faculty Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany.
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Hughes K, Blackett L, Jacobson CEH, Henley SMD, Carr E. A Systematic Review of the Psychosocial Measures Used in Teenage and Young Adult Cancer. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2024; 13:30-39. [PMID: 37477895 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2023.0051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Teenagers and young adults (TYAs; ages 16-24 in the United Kingdom) with cancer have specific needs and experience worse physiological and psychological outcomes compared with pediatric and adult cancer. In the United Kingdom, psychosocial screening is a mandatory part of TYA care. However, there is a lack of age-appropriate and acceptable psychosocial measures for this population. This review aimed to (1) identify the psychosocial measures utilized and available for TYA cancer and (2) describe their psychometric properties. Methods: We searched five databases for studies meeting the eligibility criteria. We extracted data relevant to the review and assessed study quality using the COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines and the Hughes Quality Assessment Tool developed by the research team. Results: We identified 40 studies that included 105 psychosocial measures. The main constructs measured were distress, depression, and anxiety. The TYA age range varied widely. Reporting of psychosocial measures and their psychometric properties was poor, and most measures were not validated or developed for TYA cancer populations. Discussion: There is an urgent need for psychosocial measures that are designed for and validated in TYA cancer populations. Appropriate measures would enable clinicians to reliably identify and effectively support the psychosocial challenges faced by TYAs. The use of validated psychosocial measures enables earlier detection of difficulties, fosters patient-centered care, and is cost-effective since resources can be allocated to those most in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn Hughes
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Laura Blackett
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- South London and Maudsley NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Susie M D Henley
- Department of Psychology, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
- Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ewan Carr
- Department of Biostatistics and Health Informatics, King's College London, London, United Kingdom
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Melesse TG, Chau JPC, Nan MA. Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions on health outcomes of children with cancer: A systematic review of randomised controlled trials. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2022; 31:e13695. [PMID: 36004749 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Nowadays, there is promising evidence that psychosocial interventions could be helpful in paediatric oncology. Thus, this review aimed to describe the impact of psychosocial interventions on cancer-related health outcomes in children. METHODS Fifteen English electronic databases were searched from October to December 2020. Only randomised controlled trials that (1) included children ≤18 years old diagnosed with cancer, (2) evaluated the effects of psychosocial interventions, and (3) reported health outcomes including quality of life, anxiety, depression, stress, distress, self-esteem, psychological adjustment, treatment adherence, pain, fatigue, and academic performance were included. RESULTS Ten RCTs were included in this review. Six types of psychosocial interventions (social skill training, music-based intervention, therapeutic play, cognitive therapy, wish intervention, and art therapy) were identified. The studies were assessed as having low to high risk of bias. Nine of the studies reported significant improvement in at least one outcome measure. But quantifying the pooled effect was not applicable due to the heterogeneity of interventions. CONCLUSION Psychosocial interventions could be beneficial in paediatric oncology. Yet, the outcomes were reported in heterogeneous types of interventions and participants. The results underscore the need to conduct further studies that include participants with specific cancer diagnoses and types of interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tenaw Gualu Melesse
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Pediatrics and Child Health Nursing, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
| | - Janita Pak Chun Chau
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - M A Nan
- The Nethersole School of Nursing, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Bélanger V, Napartuk M, Bouchard I, Meloche C, Curnier D, Sultan S, Laverdière C, Sinnett D, Marcil V. Cardiometabolic Health After Pediatric Cancer Treatment: Adolescents Are More Affected than Children. Nutr Cancer 2022; 74:3236-3252. [PMID: 35533005 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2022.2072908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
This cross-sectional study aimed at comparing the cardiometabolic (CM) health of children and adolescents and identifying factors associated with CM complications shortly after cancer treatment. Cancer-related characteristics, blood pressure (BP), anthropometry, and biochemical parameters were collected in 80 patients (56.3% female, mean age: 11.8 years; range: 4.5 - 21.0) a mean of 1.4 years following therapy completion. Compared to children, adolescents had higher mean z-score of insulin (-0.47 vs. 0.20; P = 0.01), HOMA-IR (-0.40 vs. 0.25; P = 0.02), waist-to-height ratio (0.36 vs. 0.84; P = 0.01), subscapular skinfold thickness (-0.19 vs. 0.47; P = 0.02), total body fat (-1.43 vs. 0.26; P < 0.01), and lower mean z-score of HDL-C (0.07 vs. -0.53; P < 0.01). Adolescents were more likely to have high BP (42% vs. 15%; P < 0.01), dyslipidemia (64% vs. 15%; P < 0.001), and cumulating ≥ 2 CM complications (42% vs. 2%; P < 0.001) than children. Adiposity indices (z-scores) were associated with high BP [odds ratio (OR) ranging from 2.11 to 4.09] and dyslipidemia (OR ranging from 2.06 to 4.34). These results suggest that adolescents have a worse CM profile than children shortly after therapy and that adiposity parameters are associated with CM complications, highliting the importance to develop intervention strategies targeting this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Véronique Bélanger
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mélanie Napartuk
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Isabelle Bouchard
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Meloche
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Curnier
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,School of Kinesiology and Physical Activity Sciences, University de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Serge Sultan
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Psychology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Caroline Laverdière
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Daniel Sinnett
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Pediatrics, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Valérie Marcil
- Research Centre, CHU Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.,Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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Hancock K, Barrera M, Prasad S, Desjardins L, Shama W, Alexander S, Szatmari P. A qualitative examination of the benefits and challenges of a psychosocial screening intervention in pediatric oncology: "Support comes to us". Pediatr Blood Cancer 2022; 69:e29578. [PMID: 35084106 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.29578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pediatric cancer diagnosis and treatment can have detrimental mental health effects on parents (caregivers) and their children/adolescents (youth). Psychosocial screening and intervention have been recognized as standards of care in pediatric oncology. The most effective psychosocial interventions to support those in need post screening have not been determined. AIMS This qualitative study aimed to investigate the perceived benefits and challenges for caregiver and youth participants in the screening-intervention arm of an Enhanced Psychosocial Screening Intervention (EPSI) pilot study. METHODS EPSI consists of a psychosocial navigator (PSN) who shares screening results conducted near diagnosis (T1) and monthly for 1 year (T2) with treating teams and families. All 17 caregiver-youth dyads who had completed EPSI were invited to participate in a semi-structured interview. RESULTS Ten caregivers and nine youth participated. Identified themes were grouped into benefits and challenges of EPSI: feeling supported and cared for (support comes to us regularly, having someone to talk to); and feeling empowered through knowledge of resources and services were perceived as benefits. Caregivers were challenged by feeling overwhelmed, and youth by screening questions perceived as too repetitive. CONCLUSIONS Regular monthly contacts for a year by the PSN with screening results and recommendations were perceived as beneficial by youth newly diagnosed with cancer and their caregivers who participated in EPSI. Feeling that support came to them and they had someone to talk to was a critical component. While information about psychosocial resources was not always used right away, it did evoke feelings of being empowered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly Hancock
- Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Maru Barrera
- Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Soni Prasad
- Department of Psychology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leandra Desjardins
- Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Wendy Shama
- Department of Social Work, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Alexander
- Division of Haematology, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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ArpacI T, Altay N. Technology-based psychosocial support for adolescent survivors of leukemia: An example intervention for nurse specialists. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE NURSING 2022. [DOI: 10.4103/jin.jin_46_22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
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Barrera M, Desjardins L, Prasad S, Shama W, Alexander S, Szatmari P, Hancock K. Pilot randomized psychosocial trial of a screening intervention in pediatric oncology. Psychooncology 2021; 31:735-744. [PMID: 34813129 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 11/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Psychosocial screening is a standard of care in pediatric oncology, but there is limited information about how to intervene after screening. This pilot trial aimed to determine feasibility of the novel Enhanced Psychosocial Screening Intervention (EPSI) and explore its preliminary efficacy outcomes. We examined rates of recruitment, retention, intervention acceptability, and monthly distress screening completion, as well as exploratory efficacy outcomes (Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System: depression, anxiety and fatigue; distress thermometer, pain and sleep). METHODS Parallel-group randomized pilot trial: Caregiver-youth (10-17 years at enrollment, newly diagnosed with cancer) dyads were randomly allocated to either EPSI or standard care with 1:1 ratio allocation. EPSI consists of having a Psychosocial Navigator who shares screening results conducted near diagnosis and monthly for one year with treating teams and families, and provides recommendations tailored to screening results. RESULTS Enrollment rate was 54% (38 dyads); retention was 90% and acceptability 86% (caregivers) and 76% (youth). Exploratory symptoms of depression, anxiety, distress and fatigue outcomes consistently improved mainly for caregivers. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest EPSI is feasible and acceptable and exploratory mental and physical efficacy outcomes are promising for use in a future confirmatory multisite efficacy trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maru Barrera
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Psychology, SickKids Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Leandra Desjardins
- Cancer Axis, Research Centre, Sainte-Justine University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Soni Prasad
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Psychology, SickKids Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wendy Shama
- Division of Social Work, SickKids Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Sarah Alexander
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, SickKids Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Cundill Centre for Child and Youth Depression, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kelly Hancock
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Psychology, SickKids Hospital, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Desjardins L, Hancock K, Szatmari P, Alexander S, Shama W, De Souza C, Mills D, Abla O, Barrera M. Protocol for mapping psychosocial screening to resources in pediatric oncology: a pilot randomized controlled trial. Pilot Feasibility Stud 2021; 7:143. [PMID: 34274016 PMCID: PMC8285781 DOI: 10.1186/s40814-021-00878-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background A pediatric cancer diagnosis and its treatment can have a detrimental effect on the mental health of children and their families. Screening to identify psychosocial risk in families has been recognized as a standard of care in pediatric oncology, but there has been limited clinical application of this standard thus far. A significant impediment to the implementation of psychosocial screening is the dearth of information on how to translate psychosocial screening to clinical practice, and specifically, how to follow-up from screening results. This manuscript aims to describe a protocol of a new intervention examining the feasibility and acceptability of mapping via a Psychosocial Navigator (PSN) psychosocial screening results to specific recommendations of resources for families based on measured risk for psychosocial distress and mental health symptoms. Methods The pilot randomized control trial (RCT) consists of dyads of youth (10–17 years) newly diagnosed with cancer and their primary caregiver. This RCT includes two arms (intervention and control group), with each group completing measurements near diagnosis and 1 year later. After the initial assessment, dyads in the intervention group receive monthly screening results and recommendations from the study PSN that are tailored to these results. The patient’s primary healthcare team (nurse, social worker, oncologist) also receive the risk, distress, and mental health results as well as the recommendations from the PSN. Discussion This study addresses a significant barrier to the implementation of psychosocial screening in pediatric oncology: specifically, the limited knowledge of how to follow-up from screening results. Findings from this pilot will inform a future definitive RCT to test the effectiveness of the intervention on patient and family mental health outcomes. This project has implications for enhancing clinical care in pediatric oncology, as well as other pediatric populations. Strengths and limitations of this study This is the first study of screening and follow-up using a psychosocial navigator. This study involves both patient and caregiver report. The small sample size necessitates a future larger study to investigate the effects of intervention. Trial registration NCT04132856, Registered 10 October 2019—retrospectively registered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leandra Desjardins
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.
| | - Kelly Hancock
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Canada
| | - Peter Szatmari
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Sarah Alexander
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Wendy Shama
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Social Work, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Claire De Souza
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Denise Mills
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Oussama Abla
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Maru Barrera
- Charles-Bruneau Cancer Center, Sainte-Justine University Health Center, Montreal, Canada.,Division of Haematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Schilstra CE, Fardell JE, Burns MA, Ellis SJ, Anazodo AC, Trahair TN, Sansom-Daly UM. Determinants of social functioning among adolescents and young adults with cancer: A systematic review. Psychooncology 2021; 30:1626-1642. [PMID: 34081823 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer report deficits in social functioning relative to healthy peers. Identifying factors related to their social functioning is critical to improve their long-term social outcomes. This review addressed: (1) How is social functioning defined and measured among studies of AYAs who have had cancer? (2) What factors have quantitatively/qualitatively are associated with/predictors of social functioning? and (3) What associated factors/predictors of social functioning are modifiable and amenable to intervention? METHODS A systematic review was conducted to identify publications from 2000 to 2021, meeting these criteria: (1) mean/median age at diagnosis/treatment 13-40, (2) assessed social functioning with a validated measure and included factors associated with/predictive of social functioning and/or qualitatively assessed young people's perceptions of factors related to their social functioning and (3) was peer-reviewed/published in English. RESULTS Thirty-seven publications were included. Definitions and measures of social functioning varied, and factors related to social functioning varied based on definition. Factors most commonly associated with decreased social functioning included treatment status (receiving or completed treatment), poor physical functioning, depression, negative body image, engaging in social comparisons, social/cultural stigma around cancer, and fatigue. Increased social functioning was most commonly associated with social support and the quality/age-appropriateness of care. CONCLUSIONS Social functioning is multidimensional construct for AYAs diagnosed with cancer and may not be adequately assessed with measures of adjustment or quality of life. Future studies should clarify how to optimally define and measure social functioning in this population, to ensure their functioning can be protected and promoted long-term.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa E Schilstra
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia.,Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Joanna E Fardell
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia.,Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Mary A Burns
- Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Sarah J Ellis
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia.,Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia.,School of Psychology, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Camperdown, Australia
| | - Antoinette C Anazodo
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia.,Nelune Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Toby N Trahair
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia.,Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia
| | - Ursula M Sansom-Daly
- School of Women's and Children's Health, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, Australia.,Behavioural Sciences Unit, Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia.,Nelune Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Prince of Wales Hospital, Randwick, Australia
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10
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Travis E, Ashley L, Pownall M, O'Connor DB. Barriers to flexible sigmoidoscopy colorectal cancer screening in low uptake socio-demographic groups: A systematic review. Psychooncology 2020; 29:1237-1247. [PMID: 32539187 DOI: 10.1002/pon.5443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2020] [Revised: 06/03/2020] [Accepted: 06/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To synthesise qualitative evidence related to barriers and facilitators of flexible sigmoidoscopy screening (FSS) intention and uptake, particularly within low socio-demographic uptake groups. FSS uptake is lower amongst women, lower socio-economic status (SES), and Asian ethnic groups within the United Kingdom (UK) and United States of America. METHODS A total of 12 168 articles were identified from searches of four databases: EMBASE, MEDLINE, PsycINFO and Web of Science. Eligibility criteria included: individuals eligible to attend FSS and empirical peer-reviewed studies that analysed qualitative data. The Critical Appraisal Skills Program tool evaluated the methodological quality of included studies, and thematic synthesis was used to analyse the data. RESULTS Ten qualitative studies met the inclusion criteria. Key barriers to FSS intention and uptake centred upon procedural anxieties. Women, including UK Asian women, reported shame and embarrassment, anticipated pain, perforation risk, and test preparation difficulties to elevate anxiety levels. Religious and cultural-influenced health beliefs amongst UK Asian groups were reported to inhibit FSS intention and uptake. Competing priorities, such as caring commitments, particularly impeded women's ability to attend certain FSS appointments. The review identified a knowledge gap concerning factors especially associated with FSS participation amongst lower SES groups. CONCLUSIONS Studies mostly focussed on barriers and facilitators of intention to participate in FSS, particularly within UK Asian groups. To determine the barriers associated with FSS uptake, and further understand how screening intention translates to behaviour, it is important that future qualitative research is equally directed towards factors associated with screening behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Ashley
- Leeds School of Social Sciences, Leeds Beckett University, Leeds, UK
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11
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Hagström J, Ander M, Cernvall M, Ljótsson B, Wiman HW, von Essen L, Woodford J. Heeding the psychological concerns of young cancer survivors: a single-arm feasibility trial of CBT and a cognitive behavioral conceptualization of distress. PeerJ 2020; 8:e8714. [PMID: 32219023 PMCID: PMC7085902 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.8714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A subgroup of adolescent and young adult (AYA) survivors of cancer during adolescence report high levels of psychological distress. To date, evidence-based psychological interventions tailored to the cancer-related concerns experienced by this population are lacking. The present study aimed to (1) examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of an individualized cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) intervention for AYA survivors of cancer during adolescence; and (2) identify and conceptualize cancer-related concerns as well as maintaining factors using cognitive-behavioral theory. Methods A single-arm trial, whereby AYA survivors of cancer during adolescence (aged 17–25 years) were provided individualized face-to-face CBT at a maximum of 15 sessions. Clinical outcomes were assessed at baseline, post-intervention, and three-month follow-up. Intervention uptake, retention, intervention delivery, and reliable change index scores were examined. An embedded qualitative study consisted of two unstructured interviews with each participant pre-intervention. Along with individual behavioral case formulations developed to guide the intervention, interview data was analyzed to identify and conceptualize cancer-related concerns and potential maintaining factors. Results Ten out of 213 potential participants invited into the study were included, resulting in an overall participation rate of 4.7%. Nine participants completed the intervention, with respectively seven and eight participants completing the post-intervention and three month follow-up assessment. The majority of reported cancer-related concerns and maintaining factors were conceptualized into four themes: social avoidance, fear of emotions and bodily symptoms, imbalance in activity, and worry and rumination. Conclusions Given significant recruitment difficulties, further research is required to examine barriers to help-seeking in the AYA cancer survivor population. However, the conceptualization of cancer-related concerns and maintaining factors experienced by the population may represent an important first step in the development of psychological support tailored toward AYA cancer survivors’ unique needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josefin Hagström
- Clinical Psychology in Healthcare, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Malin Ander
- Clinical Psychology in Healthcare, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Martin Cernvall
- Clinical Psychology in Healthcare, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Brjánn Ljótsson
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik W Wiman
- Clinical Psychology in Healthcare, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Louise von Essen
- Clinical Psychology in Healthcare, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joanne Woodford
- Clinical Psychology in Healthcare, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala Universitet, Uppsala, Sweden
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12
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Haase JE, Robb SL, Burns DS, Stegenga K, Cherven B, Hendricks-Ferguson V, Roll L, Docherty SL, Phillips C. Adolescent/Young Adult Perspectives of a Therapeutic Music Video Intervention to Improve Resilience During Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplant for Cancer. J Music Ther 2020; 57:3-33. [PMID: 31802124 PMCID: PMC7041545 DOI: 10.1093/jmt/thz014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
This empirical phenomenology study reports adolescents/young adults (AYA) experiences of the therapeutic music video (TMV) intervention arm of a randomized controlled clinical trial (Children's Oncology Group; COG-ANUR0631; R01 NR008583) during hospitalization for a hematopoietic stem cell transplant. A purposive subsample of 14 AYA were interviewed using a broad open-ended data-generating question about their TMV intervention experiences. At the end of each interview, we also asked AYA for suggestions on how to improve the TMV. Analysis of the narrative data resulted in four theme categories: (a) An Interwoven Experience of the Transplant and TMV Intervention; (b) TMV as a Guided Opportunity for Reflection, Self-Expression, and Meaning-Making; (c) Telling My Story: The Work of Deriving Meaning; and (d) A Way to Overcome the Bad Side of Cancer. AYA suggestions for improving the TMV are also summarized. Findings provide insight into ways the TMV supports AYA efforts to overcome distress and challenges by providing opportunities to reflect on what is meaningful, connect with others, and explore/identify personal strengths. Findings also inform our understanding about how the TMV may have functioned (i.e., mechanisms of action) to bring about significant change in AYA self-reported outcomes (i.e., positive coping, social support, and family function) for this trial.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Debra S Burns
- Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kristin Stegenga
- Children’s Mercy Hospitals and Clinics, Kansas City, Missouri, USA
| | - Brooke Cherven
- Children’s Healthcare of Atlanta, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | | | - Lona Roll
- The University of Texas Health Sciences Center, San Antonio, Texas, USA
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13
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Spelten ER, Lammens CRM, Engelen V, Duijts SFA. An inventory of psychosocial oncological interventions in The Netherlands: identifying availability, gaps, and overlap in care provision. J Psychosoc Oncol 2019; 38:36-62. [PMID: 31272308 DOI: 10.1080/07347332.2019.1626965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Purpose: While a wide range of psychosocial oncological (PO) interventions has been developed, a systematic overview of interventions to inform patients, care providers, as well as researchers, policy makers and health insurers, is lacking. The aims of this paper were (1) to describe the attainment of this overview, which may be used in other jurisdictions and for other health conditions and (2) to reflect on what determines developments in this field.Methods: Dutch researchers and care providers were invited to describe PO-interventions they apply in research or clinical practice. Selection criteria for what constituted a PO-intervention were determined. The input was organized in 12 predefined categories (e.g. physical functioning, genetics).Findings: Sixty-six PO-interventions were included in the overview. Two major categories were psychosocial functioning (24%) and physical functioning and recovery (24%). Interventions are mostly directed at adults (65%) and not aimed at a specific type of cancer (61%). Nearly 25% of the interventions lacked scientific underpinning.Conclusions: This paper provides an overview of Dutch PO-interventions and input on what drives their development. The categorizing method can be used in other jurisdictions and for other health care conditions. A next step would be to investigate the effectiveness and evidence of PO-interventions.Implications for Psychosocial Providers and Policy: The open access overview of interventions provides referral information for care providers. By identifying possible gaps and overlap, the overview looks at possible drivers behind developments in this field which will be of interest to policy makers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evelien R Spelten
- Dutch Association for Psychosocial Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Psychology and Public Health, Rural Health School, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Chantal R M Lammens
- Dutch Association for Psychosocial Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Comprehensive Cancer Organisation, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Vivian Engelen
- Dutch Association for Psychosocial Oncology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Dutch Federation of Cancer Patients Organisations, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Saskia F A Duijts
- Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of General Practice and Elderly Care Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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14
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Braam KI, van Dijk-Lokkart EM, Kaspers GJL, Takken T, Huisman J, Buffart LM, Bierings MB, Merks JHM, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Veening MA, van Dulmen-den Broeder E. Effects of a combined physical and psychosocial training for children with cancer: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:1289. [PMID: 30587148 PMCID: PMC6307314 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-5181-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Physical fitness and psychosocial function is often reduced in children during or shortly after cancer treatment. This study evaluates the effect of a combined physical exercise and psychosocial intervention on cardiorespiratory fitness, muscle strength, body composition, psychosocial function and health-related quality of life (HrQoL). In addition, intervention mediators, applicability and adherence were examined. Methods This multicenter randomized controlled trial included 68 children with cancer [mean age 13.2 (SD: 3.1) years; 54% male] during treatment or within 12-months post-treatment. The 12-week intervention consisted of 24 individual physical exercise sessions supervised by a physiotherapist, and 6 psychosocial training sessions for children and 2 for parents. Physical fitness and psychosocial function were assessed at baseline, directly post-intervention and at 12 months’ post-baseline. Generalized estimating equations were used to simultaneously assess intervention effects at short and long-term. Additionally, we evaluated within-group differences over time. Potential physical and psychosocial mediators in the intervention effect on HrQoL were examined using the product-of-coefficient test. Applicability and adherence were assessed by trainer-report. Results This study was able to compare 26 children who received the study intervention, with 33 children who received usual care. No significant differences in the effects of the intervention were found on physical fitness and psychosocial function at short-term. At 12-months follow-up, significantly larger improvements in lower body muscle strength (β = 56.5 Newton; 95% CI: 8.5; 104.5) were found in the intervention group when compared to the control group. Within-group changes showed significant improvements over time in HrQoL and bone density in both groups. Intervention effects on HrQoL were not significantly mediated by physical fitness and psychological function. Intervention applicability was satisfactory with an average session attendance of 67% and 22% dropout (mainly due to disease recurrence). Conclusions This 12-week physical exercise and psychosocial training intervention for children with cancer was applicable and showed satisfactory adherence. We found no significant between-group differences in effect, except for a significant improvement in lower body muscle strength at long-term in the intervention group compared to the control group. Yet, both the intervention and the control group showed improvements in bone mineral density and HrQoL over time. Trial registration The trial was registered at the Dutch Trial Registry (NTR1531). Registered 12 November 2008.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja I Braam
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Amsterdam Center for Innovative Health Practice, Faculty of Health, Amsterdam University of Applied Sciences, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth M van Dijk-Lokkart
- Department of Medical Psychology, VU University Medical Center, PO Box 7057, 1007 MB, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Tim Takken
- Child Development & Exercise Center, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Jaap Huisman
- Department of Medical Psychology and Social Work, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Laurien M Buffart
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam Public Health research institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Medical Oncology, VU University Medical Center and the Cancer Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marc B Bierings
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Johannes H M Merks
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Marry M van den Heuvel-Eibrink
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Margreet A Veening
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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15
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Ang SH, Koh SSL, Lee XHHT, Shorey S. Experiences of adolescents living with cancer: A descriptive qualitative study. J Child Health Care 2018; 22:532-544. [PMID: 29544352 DOI: 10.1177/1367493518763109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the experiences of adolescents from Singapore, aged 10-18 years old, living with cancer and their perceptions on how their psychosocial outcomes can be improved. A descriptive qualitative study design was used. Convenience sampling was used to recruit 10 participants from a pediatric oncology ward in a Singapore hospital. Individual semi-structured interviews were conducted. Thematic analysis was used to analyze the data. Five major themes emerged: (1) experience of physical symptoms, (2) emotional response to their condition, (3) changes in social dynamics, and (4) falling behind in academics. The psychosocial outcomes of Singaporean adolescents with cancer could be improved by thorough pain assessments and creating a more conducive hospital environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin Hui Ang
- Division of Nursing, KK Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Serena Siew Lin Koh
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | | | - Shefaly Shorey
- Alice Lee Centre for Nursing Studies, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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16
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Coughtrey AE, Shafran R, Su MT, Allcott-Watson H, Christie D, Hough R. Health Professionals' Perspectives on the Nature of Distress and Low Mood in Young People with Cancer. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2018; 8:190-196. [PMID: 30418093 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2018.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Young people with cancer are at increased risk of depression, yet evidence-based psychological interventions that are tailored to the specific needs of young people with cancer are scarce, and depression in this group may be particularly challenging to recognize and treat. The aims of this study were to (1) explore the views of health professionals in recognizing and treating low mood in young people with cancer and (2) identify the key components of an effective online treatment package for depression in this population. METHODS Eighteen NHS health professionals with a range of professional backgrounds working directly with young people with cancer were interviewed using a semi-structured interview schedule. Responses were analyzed using thematic analysis. RESULTS Five themes emerged: (1) one size doesn't fit all-the nature of depression is complex and varied, and symptoms fluctuate greatly in relation to physical health; (2) distress is completely understandable-it is important not to pathologize a normal reaction; (3) a stepping stone intervention-online interventions may promote engagement with face-to-face therapy; (4) connecting with others-the intervention should promote sharing experiences with others to reduce isolation; and (5) ownership and empowerment-lack of independence may be a cause of distress, and young people should have control of the intervention. CONCLUSION The nature of depression in young people with cancer is complex and multifaceted. Online guided self-help may be useful when added as a component or first step of a treatment package including face-to-face talking therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Coughtrey
- 1 UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London, United Kingdom
| | - Roz Shafran
- 1 UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London, United Kingdom
| | - Merina T Su
- 1 UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health , London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Deborah Christie
- 2 University College London Hospital NHS Trust , London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachael Hough
- 2 University College London Hospital NHS Trust , London, United Kingdom
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17
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Forcina V, Vakeesan B, Paulo C, Mitchell L, Bell JA, Tam S, Wang K, Gupta AA, Lewin J. Perceptions and attitudes toward clinical trials in adolescent and young adults with cancer: a systematic review. ADOLESCENT HEALTH MEDICINE AND THERAPEUTICS 2018; 9:87-94. [PMID: 29942170 PMCID: PMC6005317 DOI: 10.2147/ahmt.s163121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Although cancer clinical trials (CT) offer opportunities for novel treatments that may lead to improved outcomes, adolescents and young adults (AYA) are less likely to participate in these trials as compared to younger children and older adults. We aimed to identify the perceptions and attitudes toward CT in AYA that influence trial participation. Materials and methods A systematic review of cancer literature was conducted that assessed perceptions and attitudes toward CT enrollment limited to AYA patients (defined as age 15–39). We estimated the frequency of identified themes by pooling identified studies. Results In total, six original research articles were identified that specifically addressed perceptions or attitudes that influenced CT participation in AYA patients. Three studies were conducted at pediatric centers – one at an AYA unit, one at an adult cancer hospital, and one was registry based. Major themes identified for CT acceptability included: hope for positive clinical affect, altruism, and having autonomy. Potential deterrents included: prolonged hospitalization, worry of side effects, and discomfort with experimentation. Conclusion Limited information is available with regard to the perceptions and attitudes toward CT acceptability among AYA patients, especially those treated at adult cancer centers, which prevents generalization of data and themes. Future research assessing strategies for understanding and supporting CT decision-making processes among AYA represents a key focus for future funding to improve CT enrollment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Forcina
- Adolescent and Young Adult Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Branavan Vakeesan
- Adolescent and Young Adult Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Chelsea Paulo
- Adolescent and Young Adult Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Laura Mitchell
- Adolescent and Young Adult Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jennifer Ah Bell
- Joint Center for Bioethics, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Seline Tam
- Adolescent and Young Adult Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Kate Wang
- Adolescent and Young Adult Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Abha A Gupta
- Adolescent and Young Adult Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Hematology/Oncology, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jeremy Lewin
- Adolescent and Young Adult Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Medical Oncology and Hematology, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada.,ONTrac, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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18
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Nunns M, Mayhew D, Ford T, Rogers M, Curle C, Logan S, Moore D. Effectiveness of nonpharmacological interventions to reduce procedural anxiety in children and adolescents undergoing treatment for cancer: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychooncology 2018; 27:1889-1899. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.4749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michael Nunns
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter; Exeter UK
| | - Dominic Mayhew
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter; Exeter UK
| | - Tamsin Ford
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter; Exeter UK
| | - Morwenna Rogers
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter; Exeter UK
| | | | - Stuart Logan
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter; Exeter UK
| | - Darren Moore
- University of Exeter Medical School, University of Exeter; Exeter UK
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19
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Peikert ML, Inhestern L, Bergelt C. Psychosocial interventions for rehabilitation and reintegration into daily life of pediatric cancer survivors and their families: A systematic review. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0196151. [PMID: 29672608 PMCID: PMC5908186 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0196151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 04/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The survival rate of childhood cancer patients increased over the past decades. However, even after successful treatment the transition back to normalcy is often a major challenge for the whole family. Therefore, this study aims to provide an overview of psychosocial interventions for childhood cancer survivors and their families in the first years after the end of cancer treatment. Methods We conducted a systematic review following the PRISMA Checklist (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses; PROSPERO registration number: CRD42017059782). In November 2016 and September 2017, we searched the databases CINAHL, MEDLINE, PSYNDEX, and Web of Science. We included studies investigating psychosocial interventions for childhood cancer survivors diagnosed under the age of 21, their family members or the family as a whole. Further, we summarized the study characteristics and conducted a narrative synthesis of the results. Finally, we assessed the study quality with the Effective Public Health Practice Project Quality Assessment Tool. Results We identified a total of 8215 records based on our database searches and 17 additional records through hand searches. We included 33 articles in the qualitative synthesis. Most of the studies described interventions for the cancer survivor (n = 15). Nine studies investigated interventions for the whole family, and two studies interventions for siblings. The interventions mainly take place in an outpatient group setting (n = 15). Overall, most of the studies reported a significant psychosocial benefit of the interventions. However, the quality of the included studies was limited. Conclusion In summary, we identified a broad range of different interventions and thus could give a comprehensive overview of existing interventions for childhood cancer survivors and their families. However, there is a necessity for high quality studies. The results may help to optimize health care services that support families with the re-entry into daily life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona Leandra Peikert
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Laura Inhestern
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Corinna Bergelt
- Department of Medical Psychology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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20
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Ander M, Thorsell Cederberg J, von Essen L, Hovén E. Exploration of psychological distress experienced by survivors of adolescent cancer reporting a need for psychological support. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0195899. [PMID: 29664926 PMCID: PMC5903650 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0195899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective In this qualitative study, we aimed to provide an in-depth exploration of cancer-related psychological distress experienced by young survivors of cancer during adolescence reporting a need for psychological support. Methods Two individual interviews were held with ten young survivors of cancer diagnosed in adolescence. The interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim. Analysis followed the guidelines for inductive qualitative manifest content analysis. Results The survivors described distress experienced during and after the end of treatment. Five categories comprising 14 subcategories were generated. The categories included: A tough treatment, Marked and hindered, Not feeling good enough, Struggling with the fragility of life, and finally, An ongoing battle with emotions. Conclusion Young survivors of adolescent cancer reporting a need for psychological support described feeling physically, socially, and mentally marked by the cancer experience. They struggled with powerlessness, insecurity, social disconnection, loneliness, and feelings of being unimportant and a failure, and had difficulties understanding and managing their experiences. These concerns should be addressed in psychological treatments for the population irrespective of which approach or model is used to understand survivors’ difficulties. A trans-diagnostic approach targeting processes that underpin different manifestations of distress may be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Ander
- Clinical Psychology in Healthcare, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
| | - Jenny Thorsell Cederberg
- Pediatric Oncology, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Louise von Essen
- Clinical Psychology in Healthcare, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Emma Hovén
- Clinical Psychology in Healthcare, Department of Women’s and Children’s Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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21
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Coughtrey A, Millington A, Bennett S, Christie D, Hough R, Su MT, Constantinou MP, Shafran R. The Effectiveness of Psychosocial Interventions for Psychological Outcomes in Pediatric Oncology: A Systematic Review. J Pain Symptom Manage 2018; 55:1004-1017. [PMID: 28962919 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2017.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 09/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT This review summarizes the current randomized controlled trials literature on psychological and physical outcomes of psychosocial interventions in pediatric oncology. OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness and impact of psychosocial interventions in children with cancer. METHODS A search of the literature resulted in a total of 12 randomized clinical trials and these have evaluated psychosocial interventions in children younger than 18 years with current and previous diagnoses of cancer. Outcome measures were both psychological (e.g., symptoms of anxiety, depression, quality of life, and self-esteem) and physical (e.g., cancer symptoms, treatment adherence, and pain). Interventions identified included cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT; n = 4), joint CBT and physical exercise therapy (n = 1), family therapy (n = 2), therapeutic music video (n = 2), self-coping strategies (n = 1), a wish fulfillment intervention (n = 1), and joint family therapy and CBT (n = 1). RESULTS Nine studies reported statistically significant improvements on psychological outcomes. These findings suggest that psychosocial interventions are effective at reducing anxiety and depressive symptoms as well as improving quality of life. Additionally, six studies found psychosocial interventions to have a positive impact on physical symptoms and well-being, including a reduction in procedural pain and symptom distress. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that mental health needs in pediatric oncology patients can and should be addressed, potentially which will lead to better mental and physical health outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Coughtrey
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Amy Millington
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Sophie Bennett
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Deborah Christie
- Child and Adolescent Psychological Services, University College London Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Rachael Hough
- Department of Adolescent Haematology, University College London Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Merina T Su
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Roz Shafran
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK.
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22
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Marshall S, Grinyer A, Limmer M. The Experience of Adolescents and Young Adults Treated for Cancer in an Adult Setting: A Review of the Literature. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2018; 7:283-291. [PMID: 29437492 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2017.0123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this review is to explore the literature on the experience of adolescents and young adults (AYAs) having cancer treatment in an adult setting, rather than on a specialist adolescent cancer unit. The integrative review method was used to explore the current literature. Primary research on the topic was located systematically and then synthesized into a thematic narrative. The experience of AYAs undergoing treatment in an adult setting was generally negative. This can be attributed to three themes: feeling isolated in the adult setting; the lack of empathy from staff working in the adult setting; and the inappropriateness of the adult environment for this age group. As many AYAs with cancer will continue to have treatment in adult settings, staff working in this environment should be aware of the negative experience of this cohort and the impact this can have on a vulnerable group of patients. Staff could consider simple ways of improving the AYA experience, such as connecting AYA patients with their peers to reduce isolation; adapting their approach to take account of the unique emotional needs of this age group; and considering ways of making the environment more welcoming and age-appropriate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Marshall
- 1 Palliative Care Team, King's College Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cicely Saunders Institute , London, United Kingdom
| | - Anne Grinyer
- 2 Faculty of Health and Medicine, Furness College, Lancaster University , Lancaster, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Limmer
- 2 Faculty of Health and Medicine, Furness College, Lancaster University , Lancaster, United Kingdom
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23
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Tai E, Hallisey E, Peipins LA, Flanagan B, Lunsford NB, Wilt G, Graham S. Geographic Access to Cancer Care and Mortality Among Adolescents. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2018; 7:22-29. [PMID: 28933979 PMCID: PMC6125785 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2017.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescents with cancer have had less improvement in survival than other populations in the United States. This may be due, in part, to adolescents not receiving treatment at Children's Oncology Group (COG) institutions, which have been shown to increase survival for some cancers. The objective of this ecologic study was to examine geographic distance to COG institutions and adolescent cancer mortality. METHODS We calculated cancer mortality among adolescents and sociodemographic and healthcare access factors in four geographic zones at selected distances surrounding COG facilities: Zone A (area within 10 miles of any COG institution), Zones B and C (concentric rings with distances from a COG institution of >10-25 miles and >25-50 miles, respectively), and Zone D (area outside of 50 miles). RESULTS The adolescent cancer death rate was highest in Zone A at 3.21 deaths/100,000, followed by Zone B at 3.05 deaths/100,000, Zone C at 2.94 deaths/100,000, and Zone D at 2.88 deaths/100,000. The United States-wide death rate for whites without Hispanic ethnicity, blacks without Hispanic ethnicity, and persons with Hispanic ethnicity was 2.96 deaths/100,000, 3.10 deaths/100,000, and 3.26 deaths/100,000, respectively. Zone A had high levels of poverty (15%), no health insurance coverage (16%), and no vehicle access (16%). CONCLUSIONS Geographic access to COG institutions, as measured by distance alone, played no evident role in death rate differences across zones. Among adolescents, socioeconomic factors, such as poverty and health insurance coverage, may have a greater impact on cancer mortality than geographic distance to COG institution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tai
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Elaine Hallisey
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Lucy A. Peipins
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Barry Flanagan
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Natasha Buchanan Lunsford
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Grete Wilt
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
| | - Shannon Graham
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Geospatial Research, Analysis, and Services Program, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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24
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Skaczkowski G, White V, Thompson K, Bibby H, Coory M, Pinkerton R, Orme LM, Conyers R, Phillips MB, Osborn M, Harrup R, Anazodo A. Do Australian adolescents' and young adults' experiences of cancer care influence their quality of life? Psychooncology 2018; 27:990-997. [DOI: 10.1002/pon.4625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Skaczkowski
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer; Cancer Council Victoria; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- School of Psychology and Public Health; La Trobe University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Wellness & Research Centre; Austin Health; Heidelberg Victoria Australia
| | - Victoria White
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer; Cancer Council Victoria; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- School of Psychology; Deakin University; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Kate Thompson
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Helen Bibby
- Centre for Behavioural Research in Cancer; Cancer Council Victoria; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Michael Coory
- Faculty of Medicine, Dentistry and Health Sciences; University of Melbourne; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Ross Pinkerton
- Children's Health Queensland Hospital and Health Service; South Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Lisa M. Orme
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Children's Cancer Centre; The Royal Children's Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Rachel Conyers
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Children's Cancer Centre; The Royal Children's Hospital; Melbourne Victoria Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute; Parkville Victoria Australia
| | | | - Michael Osborn
- Royal Adelaide Hospital; Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | | | - Antoinette Anazodo
- Kids Cancer Centre; Sydney Children's Hospital; Randwick New South Wales Australia
- Nelune Comprehensive Cancer Centre; Prince of Wales Hospital; Randwick New South Wales Australia
- School of Women's and Children's Health; University of New South Wales; Sydney Australia
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25
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Anxiety Among Adolescent Survivors of Pediatric Cancer. J Adolesc Health 2017; 61:409-423. [PMID: 28729145 PMCID: PMC5665366 DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this review was to synthesize current knowledge about anxiety among adolescent survivors of pediatric cancer and highlights areas for future research. METHODS Systematic literature searches were conducted in five databases for articles published anytime before December 28, 2015. Manuscripts were reviewed by a team of six coders. Included manuscripts reported outcomes relevant to anxiety, worry, and post-traumatic stress in survivors of pediatric cancer (age at the time of study: 10-22 years) who were off treatment. RESULTS Twenty-four articles met inclusion criteria. Included results were categorized into the following domains: post-traumatic stress, anxiety, cancer-related worry, and interventions. With the exception of post-traumatic stress, there was little research about anxiety in this population; however, studies generally indicated that adolescent survivors of pediatric cancer are at elevated risk for anxiety, post-traumatic stress symptoms, and cancer-related worry. CONCLUSIONS This review provides preliminary evidence that anxiety is a relevant, but understudied, psychosocial outcome for adolescent survivors of pediatric cancer. More research is needed to better understand the presentation of anxiety in this population, its effect on survivors' quality of life, and possible areas for intervention.
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26
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Moules NJ, Estefan A, Laing CM, Schulte F, Guilcher GMT, Field JC, Strother D. "A Tribe Apart": Sexuality and Cancer in Adolescence. J Pediatr Oncol Nurs 2017; 34:295-308. [PMID: 28615000 DOI: 10.1177/1043454217697669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This qualitative study employed hermeneutic phenomenology and narrative inquiry to examine the topic of sexuality and adolescents with cancer from the perspectives of survivors who had experienced cancer as adolescents. This investigation examined the potentially sensitive, disquieting, and often taboo issue of sexuality in the interest of optimizing wellness in young people, and, ultimately, in the health of adults. Understanding the adolescent body as a sensitive, sexual, and developing self can enrich our understanding of adolescent cancer and promote best health care and practices, examining ways that we might mitigate the long-term effects of arrested or delayed development of sexual identity. In this article, we discuss phase 1 of the study, which used hermeneutics as the method of inquiry. Findings included a general experience of adolescents having a sense of "losing themselves" while at the same time finding themselves in a new light. Other findings include the connection between sexuality, self, and identity; the unique "tribe" of adolescents with cancer; the necessity for sexuality to take a backseat to cancer; the changing mirror images from self and others; sexuality and fertility; and, ultimately, that sexuality is a relational experience.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fiona Schulte
- 1 University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,2 Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Gregory M T Guilcher
- 1 University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,2 Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - Douglas Strother
- 1 University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada.,2 Alberta Children's Hospital, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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27
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Ander M, Wikman A, Ljótsson B, Grönqvist H, Ljungman G, Woodford J, Lindahl Norberg A, von Essen L. Guided internet-administered self-help to reduce symptoms of anxiety and depression among adolescents and young adults diagnosed with cancer during adolescence (U-CARE: YoungCan): a study protocol for a feasibility trial. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e013906. [PMID: 28132011 PMCID: PMC5278290 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2016-013906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A subgroup of adolescents and young adults diagnosed with cancer during adolescence reports elevated levels of anxiety and depressive symptoms and unmet needs for psychological support. Evidence-based psychological treatments tailored for this population are lacking. This protocol describes a feasibility study of a guided-internet-administered self-help programme (YoungCan) primarily targeting symptoms of anxiety and depression among young persons diagnosed with cancer during adolescence and of the planned study procedures for a future controlled trial. METHODS/ANALYSIS The study is an uncontrolled feasibility trial with a pre-post and 3-month follow-up design. Potential participants aged 15-25 years, diagnosed with cancer during adolescence, will be identified via the Swedish Childhood Cancer Registry. 30 participants will be included. Participants will receive YoungCan, a 12-week therapist-guided, internet-administered self-help programme consisting primarily of cognitive-behavioural therapy organised into individually assigned modules targeting depressive symptoms, worry and anxiety, body dissatisfaction and post-traumatic stress. Interactive peer support and psychoeducative functions are also available. Feasibility outcomes include: recruitment and eligibility criteria; data collection; attrition; resources needed to complete the study and programme; safety procedures; participants' and therapists' adherence to the programme; and participants' acceptability of the programme and study methodology. Additionally, mechanisms of impact will be explored and data regarding symptoms of anxiety, depression, post-traumatic stress, body dissatisfaction, reactions to social interactions, quality of life, axis I diagnoses according to the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview and healthcare service use will be collected. Exploratory analyses of changes in targeted outcomes will be conducted. ETHICS/DISSEMINATION This feasibility protocol was approved by the Regional Ethical Review Board in Uppsala, Sweden (ref: 2016/210). Findings will be disseminated to relevant research, clinical, health service and patient communities through publications in peer-reviewed and popular science journals and presentations at scientific and clinical conferences. TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER ISRCTN97835363.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malin Ander
- Clinical Psychology in Healthcare, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Anna Wikman
- Clinical Psychology in Healthcare, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Brjánn Ljótsson
- Division of Psychology, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Grönqvist
- Clinical Psychology in Healthcare, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Gustaf Ljungman
- Pediatric Oncology, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Joanne Woodford
- Clinical Education Development and Research (CEDAR), Psychology, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Annika Lindahl Norberg
- Clinical Psychology in Healthcare, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Louise von Essen
- Clinical Psychology in Healthcare, Department of Women's and Children's Health, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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28
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Van der Gucht K, Takano K, Labarque V, Vandenabeele K, Nolf N, Kuylen S, Cosyns V, Van Broeck N, Kuppens P, Raes F. A Mindfulness-Based Intervention for Adolescents and Young Adults After Cancer Treatment: Effects on Quality of Life, Emotional Distress, and Cognitive Vulnerability. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2016; 6:307-317. [PMID: 28002681 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2016.0070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Adolescent and young adult cancer (AYAC) survivors show an elevated risk of distress. Targeted psychosocial interventions for this distinct population are needed. This study examined the potential efficacy of a mindfulness-based intervention (MBI) to alleviate emotional distress and improve quality of life (QoL) in AYAC survivors. METHODS Participants were 16 AYAC survivors, aged 14-24, who had completed acute medical treatment. A two-baseline (8 and 1 week before the intervention), post- (1 week after the intervention) and 3 months follow-up within-subjects design was used. Each participant completed two baseline assessments, followed by an 8-week MBI. The primary outcome variables were emotional distress and QoL. Secondary outcomes were cognitive vulnerability factors and mindfulness skills. RESULTS Multilevel modeling showed (1) a significant reduction in emotional distress and improvement in QoL at 3 months of follow-up, (2) a significant reduction in negative attitudes toward self (i.e., a cognitive vulnerability factor), and (3) a significant improvement in mindfulness skills. CONCLUSION MBI is a promising approach that is used to treat emotional distress and to improve QoL in AYAC survivors. Further research using randomized controlled trials is needed to generalize these findings. Trial registration information: www.trialregister.nl ; NTR4358.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katleen Van der Gucht
- 1 Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Keisuke Takano
- 1 Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Veerle Labarque
- 2 Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karen Vandenabeele
- 2 Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology, University Hospitals Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Nathalie Nolf
- 3 Department of Paediatric Haematology-Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Ghent University Hospital , Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sanne Kuylen
- 4 Paediatric Haematology, Oncology and HIV, Antwerp University Hospital , Edegem, Belgium
| | - Veerle Cosyns
- 5 Medical Oncology & Haematology KZ, Brussel University Hospital , Jette, Belgium
| | - Nady Van Broeck
- 1 Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Peter Kuppens
- 1 Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
| | - Filip Raes
- 1 Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven , Leuven, Belgium
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29
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Turner-Sack AM, Menna R, Setchell SR, Maan C, Cataudella D. Psychological Functioning, Post-Traumatic Growth, and Coping in Parents and Siblings of Adolescent Cancer Survivors. Oncol Nurs Forum 2016; 43:48-56. [PMID: 26679444 DOI: 10.1188/16.onf.48-56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVES To examine psychological functioning, post-traumatic growth (PTG), coping, and cancer-related characteristics of adolescent cancer survivors' parents and siblings.
. DESIGN Descriptive, correlational.
. SETTING Children's Hospital of Western Ontario in London, Ontario, Canada.
. SAMPLE Adolescents who finished cancer treatment 2-10 years prior (n = 31), as well as their parents (n = 30) and siblings (n = 18).
. METHODS Participants completed self-report measures of psychological distress, PTG, life satisfaction, coping, and cancer-related characteristics.
. MAIN RESEARCH VARIABLES Psychological functioning, PTG, and coping.
. FINDINGS Parents' and siblings' PTG levels were similar to survivors' PTG levels; however, parents reported higher PTG than siblings. Parents who used less avoidant coping, were younger, and had higher life satisfaction experienced less psychological distress. Parents whose survivor children used more active coping reported less psychological distress. Siblings who were older used more active coping, and the longer it had been since their brother or sister was diagnosed, the less avoidant coping they used.
. CONCLUSIONS Childhood and adolescent cancer affects survivors' siblings and parents in unique ways.
. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING Relationship to the survivor, use of coping strategies, life satisfaction, and time since diagnosis affect family members' postcancer experiences.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Cathy Maan
- Children's Hospital London Health Science Center
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30
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Sawyer SM, McCarthy MC, Dunt D, McNeil R, Thompson K, Orme L, Drew SE. Fulfilling the Vision of Youth-Friendly Cancer Care: A Study Protocol. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2016; 5:267-77. [DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2015.0050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Sawyer
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Maria C. McCarthy
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
| | - David Dunt
- School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Robyn McNeil
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, Parkville, Australia
| | - Kate Thompson
- ONTrac at Peter Mac Victorian Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Service, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Lisa Orme
- Children's Cancer Centre, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- ONTrac at Peter Mac Victorian Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Service, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sarah E. Drew
- Centre for Adolescent Health, Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Australia
- Department of Pediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
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31
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Walker E, Martins A, Aldiss S, Gibson F, Taylor RM. Psychosocial Interventions for Adolescents and Young Adults Diagnosed with Cancer During Adolescence: A Critical Review. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2016; 5:310-321. [PMID: 27486837 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2016.0025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults (AYA) face individual and social challenges different to other age groups that shape their experience of cancer and the associated psychological distress. This critical review examined the availability of AYA-specific psychosocial interventions to assess the impact they have and identify elements that make them successful. Five literature databases were searched for psychosocial intervention studies involving AYAs with cancer, on and off treatment, aged 10-30 years, published between 1980 and 2016. Eleven out of 42 identified studies were included in the final review after quality assessment. All but two interventions showed positive results on at least one measure of psychosocial well-being. A distinctive difference between the supportive needs of those on and off treatment was noted, and differences in intervention design and delivery formats were identified between the two subgroups. Analysis of specific intervention characteristics that achieved the successful outcomes was more challenging due to the large variation in outcome measures used. This review demonstrates that psychosocial intervention research for AYA with cancer is increasing and the results show a potential benefit of intervention participation. Further work is needed to validate whether the benefits achieved by intervention participation remain over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Walker
- 1 Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - Ana Martins
- 2 Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London, United Kingdom
| | - Susie Aldiss
- 3 School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey , Guildford, United Kingdom
| | - Faith Gibson
- 3 School of Health Sciences, University of Surrey , Guildford, United Kingdom .,4 Centre for Outcomes and Experiences Research in Children's Health, Illness and Disability (ORCHID), Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust , London, United Kingdom
| | - Rachel M Taylor
- 2 Cancer Division, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust , London, United Kingdom .,5 School of Health and Social Care, London South Bank University , London, United Kingdom
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32
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Masterton K, Tariman J. Effective Transitional Therapy for Adolescent and Young Adult Patients With Cancer: An Integrative Literature Review. Clin J Oncol Nurs 2016; 20:391-6. [DOI: 10.1188/16.cjon.391-396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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33
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Seeing the good in the bad: which factors are associated with posttraumatic growth in long-term survivors of adolescent cancer? Support Care Cancer 2016; 24:4607-15. [DOI: 10.1007/s00520-016-3303-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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34
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Jacobs S, Mowbray C, Cates LM, Baylor A, Gable C, Skora E, Estrada M, Cheng Y, Wang J, Lewin D, Hinds P. Pilot Study of Massage to Improve Sleep and Fatigue in Hospitalized Adolescents With Cancer. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2016; 63:880-6. [PMID: 26757318 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.25902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 12/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents with cancer experience many troubling symptoms, including sleep disruptions that can affect mood and quality of life. Massage is a safe and popular intervention that has demonstrated efficacy in pediatric and adult patients with cancer. This study aimed to assess the feasibility of conducting a massage intervention to help with sleep in hospitalized adolescent oncology patients. PROCEDURE Adolescents ages 12-21 with cancer who were expected to be hospitalized for at least four consecutive nights were recruited from the inpatient unit at Children's National Health System and randomized to either massage intervention or a waitlist control. Patients in the intervention group received one massage per night, for two or three nights. Sleep was measured with actigraphy and patient and proxy reported instruments were used to measure fatigue, mood, and anxiety. RESULTS The majority (78%) of patients approached for the study consented, and almost all patients in the intervention group (94%) received at least one massage, 69% received two, and rates of completion of instruments among adolescents were high demonstrating feasibility. There were trends toward increased night time and overall sleep in the intervention group compared with standard of care, but no differences between groups in the patient reported outcome measures. Participant and parent feedback on the intervention was positive and was the impetus for starting a clinical massage service at the hospital. CONCLUSIONS Massage for hospitalized adolescents with cancer is feasible, well received, and can potentially improve patients' sleep. A randomized multicenter efficacy study is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shana Jacobs
- Divison of Oncology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Catriona Mowbray
- Divison of Oncology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Allison Baylor
- Clinical Psychology Doctoral Program, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Christopher Gable
- Philadelphia College of Osteopathic Medicine and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelpha, Pennsylvania
| | - Elizabeth Skora
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Monica Estrada
- Divison of Oncology, Center for Cancer and Blood Disorders, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Yao Cheng
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Jichuan Wang
- Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Daniel Lewin
- Division of Pulmonary and Sleep Medicine, Children's National Health System, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Pamela Hinds
- Department of Nursing Research and Quality Outcomes, Center for Translational Science, Children's National Health System, Washington, DC
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van Dijk-Lokkart EM, Braam KI, van Dulmen-den Broeder E, Kaspers GJL, Takken T, Grootenhuis MA, Streng IC, Bierings M, Merks JH, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM, Veening MA, Huisman J. Effects of a combined physical and psychosocial intervention program for childhood cancer patients on quality of life and psychosocial functioning: results of the QLIM randomized clinical trial. Psychooncology 2015; 25:815-22. [PMID: 26509236 DOI: 10.1002/pon.4016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/29/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Although survival rates in childhood cancer have improved, prevention and reduction of late effects remain important. This study evaluates the effects of a combined physical exercise and psychosocial intervention on health-related quality of life (HrQoL) and psychosocial functioning in childhood cancer patients. METHODS In this multicenter randomized controlled trial, cancer patients (aged 8-18 years) and their parents filled in questionnaires on HrQoL, depressive symptoms, behavioral problems, and self-esteem. Measurements were conducted at baseline, shortly after the 12-week intervention period and 12 months after baseline. Generalized estimating equations analyses were performed to assess short-term and long-term psychosocial effects. RESULTS Of the 174 eligible patients, 68 (39.1%) participated. The intervention group consisted of 30 participants at baseline [mean age 13.0 (SD 3.0) years; 53% male], 26 at short-term and 22 at long-term follow-up. The 'care as usual' control group consisted of 38 participants at baseline [mean age 12.6 (SD 3.1) years; 53% male], 33 at short-term and 31 at long-term follow-up. Overall, the intervention did not improve psychosocial functioning and HrQoL. According to parent-proxy reports, the intervention leads to a greater improvement on pain-related HrQoL on both the short (β = 13.4; 95% CI: 3.0; 23.8) and long term (β = 13.0; 95% CI: 1.6; 24.4) and to greater improvement on procedural anxiety immediately after the intervention (β = 12.6; 95% CI: 1.9; 23.3). CONCLUSION A combined physical and psychosocial training for children with cancer did not have effects on HrQoL or psychosocial functioning, with exception of modest positive effects on parent-reported pain and procedural anxiety Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Katja I Braam
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gertjan J L Kaspers
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tim Takken
- Child Development & Exercise Center, Wilhelmina's Children's Hospital, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Martha A Grootenhuis
- Psychosocial department, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabelle C Streng
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marc Bierings
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Wilhelmina's Childrens Hospital, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes H Merks
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Emma Children's Hospital/Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marry M van den Heuvel-Eibrink
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Margreet A Veening
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap Huisman
- Department of Medical Psychology, Wilhelmina's Children's Hospital, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
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Phillips CR, Davis LL. Psychosocial Interventions for Adolescents and Young Adults with Cancer. Semin Oncol Nurs 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2015.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hooke MC, Haase JE. In developmental science, there is an essential recognition of the complexity of human development. Introduction. Semin Oncol Nurs 2015. [PMID: 26210196 DOI: 10.1016/j.soncn.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary C Hooke
- Assistant Professor, University of Minnesota School of Nursing, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Joan E Haase
- Holmquist Professor in Pediatric Oncology Nursing Co-director, Research in Palliative and End-of-Life (RESPECT) Signature Center at IUPUI School of Nursing, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
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Psychosocial interventions for adolescents and young adult cancer patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2015; 95:370-86. [PMID: 25922217 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2015.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Revised: 01/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients experience unique psychosocial needs and developmental challenges. A cancer diagnosis can stress this development and disrupt AYAs in their normal life. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to assess the impact of psychosocial interventions on mental health in AYAs. A literature research was conducted, which resulted in twelve eligible studies. The standardized mean difference between intervention and control conditions was 0.13 (95% CI: -0.16 to 0.42) for quality of life, 0.27 (95% CI: -0.22 to 0.76) for cancer-related knowledge and -0.16 (95% CI: -0.73 to 0.42) on psychological distress indicating, small and non-significant effects for interventions improving mental health. This work strengthens the need for age-appropriated interventions in psycho-oncology. Future research should develop interventions more graduated by age. Randomized intervention studies with larger samples and focusing psychosocial outcomes are needed to establish evidence-based psycho-oncological interventions for AYAs.
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Seitz DCM, Knaevelsrud C, Duran G, Waadt S, Goldbeck L. Internet-based psychotherapy in young adult survivors of pediatric cancer: feasibility and participants' satisfaction. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2014; 17:624-9. [PMID: 25167082 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2014.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The Internet-based psychotherapeutic intervention Onco-STEP for adolescent and young adult (AYA)-aged survivors of pediatric cancer was developed, implemented, and participants' satisfaction was evaluated by use of questionnaires. The intervention consisted of two modules: "Looking Back," aimed to reduce posttraumatic stress symptoms, and "Looking Ahead," supported coping with cancer-related fears of relapse and progression. The writing program was fully completed by 20 participants (Mage=27.3±4.8 years at study; 70% female). The majority was satisfied and perceived the treatment components as helpful. Results demonstrate that an Internet-based psychotherapeutic intervention for AYA-aged survivors of pediatric cancer is feasible and accepted by the target population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana C M Seitz
- 1 Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Ulm , Ulm, Germany
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Goldbeck L, Fidika A, Herle M, Quittner AL. Psychological interventions for individuals with cystic fibrosis and their families. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2014; 2014:CD003148. [PMID: 24941199 PMCID: PMC7388585 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd003148.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND With increasing survival estimates for individuals with cystic fibrosis, long-term management has become an important focus. Psychological interventions are largely concerned with adherence to treatment, emotional and social adaptation and health-related quality of life. We are unaware of any relevant systematic reviews. OBJECTIVES To determine whether psychological interventions for people with cystic fibrosis provide significant psychosocial and physical benefits in addition to standard medical care. SEARCH METHODS Studies were identified from two Cochrane trials registers (Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group; Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Group), Ovid MEDLINE and PsychINFO; unpublished trials were located through professional networks and Listserves. Most recent search of the Cystic Fibrosis and Genetic Disorders Group's register: 19 December 2013.Most recent search of the Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis Group's register: 12 November 2013. SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled studies of a broad range of psychological interventions evaluating subjective and objective health outcomes, such as quality of life or pulmonary function, in individuals of all ages with cystic fibrosis and their immediate family. We were interested in psychological interventions, including psychological methods within the scope of psychotherapeutic or psychosomatic mechanism of action (e.g. cognitive behavioural, cognitive, family systems or systemic, psycho-dynamic, or other, e.g. supportive, relaxation, or biofeedback), which were aimed at improving psychological and psychosocial outcomes (e.g. quality of life, levels of stress or distress, psychopathology, etc.), adaptation to disease management and physiological outcomes. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Three authors were involved in selecting the eligible studies and two of these authors assessed their risk of bias. MAIN RESULTS The review includes 16 studies (eight new studies included in this update) representing data from 556 participants. Studies are diverse in their design and their methods. They cover interventions with generic approaches, as well as interventions developed specifically to target disease-specific symptoms and problems in people with cystic fibrosis. These include cognitive behavioural interventions to improve adherence to nutrition or psychosocial adjustment, cognitive interventions to improve adherence or those associated with decision making in lung transplantation, a community-based support intervention and other interventions, such as self-hypnosis, respiratory muscle biofeedback, music therapy, dance and movement therapy, and a tele-medicine intervention to support patients awaiting transplantation.A substantial proportion of outcomes relate to adherence, changes in physical status or other specific treatment concerns during the chronic phase of the disease.There is some evidence that behavioural interventions targeting nutrition and growth in children (4 to 12 years) with cystic fibrosis are effective in the short term. Evidence was found that providing a structured decision-making tool for patients considering lung transplantation improves patients' knowledge of and expectations about the transplant, and reduces decisional conflict in the short term. One study about training in biofeedback-assisted breathing demonstrated some evidence that it improved some lung function measurements. Currently there is insufficient evidence for interventions aimed at other aspects of the disease process. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Currently, insufficient evidence exists on psychological interventions or approaches to support people with cystic fibrosis and their caregivers, although some of the studies were promising. Due to the heterogeneity between studies, more of each type of intervention are needed to support preliminary evidence. Multicentre studies, with consequent funding implications, are needed to increase the sample size of these studies and enhance the statistical power and precision to detect important findings. In addition, multicentre studies could improve the generalisation of results by minimizing centre or therapist effects. Psychological interventions should be targeted to illness-specific symptoms or behaviours to demonstrate efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lutz Goldbeck
- Dptm. Child and Adolescent Psychiatry/Psychotherapy, University Clinic Ulm, Steinhoevelstr. 5, Ulm, Baden-Württemberg, Germany, D-89075
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Buchanan ND, Block R, Smith AW, Tai E. Psychosocial barriers and facilitators to clinical trial enrollment and adherence for adolescents with cancer. Pediatrics 2014; 133 Suppl 3:S123-30. [PMID: 24918211 PMCID: PMC4258829 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-0122i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents (aged 15-19 years) have not experienced the same survival gains as children and older adults diagnosed with cancer. Poor clinical trial enrollment and adherence rates among adolescents may account for some of this disparity. Although biological, regulatory, systemic, and practice-related challenges to clinical trial enrollment and adherence have been examined, studies of psychosocial factors, which can serve as barriers or facilitators to enrollment and adherence, are limited. To bring attention to these psychological factors, we reviewed existing literature on psychosocial barriers and facilitators that can affect an adolescent's decision to enroll and adhere to a clinical trial. We also provide potential strategies to address psychosocial factors affecting clinical trial accrual and adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rebecca Block
- Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon; and
| | | | - Eric Tai
- Comprehensive Cancer Control Branch, Division of Cancer Prevention and Control, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia
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Tai E, Buchanan N, Westervelt L, Elimam D, Lawvere S. Treatment setting, clinical trial enrollment, and subsequent outcomes among adolescents with cancer: a literature review. Pediatrics 2014; 133 Suppl 3:S91-7. [PMID: 24918213 PMCID: PMC6075704 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-0122c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been an overall improvement in survival rates for persons with cancer over the past 35 years. However, these gains are less prevalent among adolescents with cancer aged 15 to 19 years, which may be due to lower clinical trial enrollment among adolescents with cancer. METHODS We conducted a literature review to assess current research regarding clinical trial enrollment and subsequent outcomes among adolescents with cancer. The search included English-language publications that reported original data from January 1985 to October 2011. RESULTS The search identified 539 records. Of these 539 records, there were 30 relevant original research articles. Multiple studies reported that adolescents with cancer are enrolled in clinical trials at lower rates compared with younger children and older adults. Treatment setting, physician type, and institution type may all be factors in the low enrollment rate among adolescents. Few data focused solely on adolescents, with many studies combining adolescents with young adults. The number of available studies related to this topic was limited, with significant variability in study design, methods, and outcomes. CONCLUSIONS This literature review suggests that adolescents with cancer are not treated at optimal settings and are enrolled in clinical trials at low rates. This may lead to inferior treatment and poor subsequent medical and psychosocial outcomes. The scarcity in data further validates the need for additional research focusing on this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tai
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
| | | | | | - Dena Elimam
- SciMetrika LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Silvana Lawvere
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Tai E, Buchanan N, Eliman D, Westervelt L, Beaupin L, Lawvere S, Bleyer A. Understanding and addressing the lack of clinical trial enrollment among adolescents with cancer. Pediatrics 2014; 133 Suppl 3:S98-S103. [PMID: 24918214 PMCID: PMC6074033 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2014-0122d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite overall improvement in survival, morbidity, and quality of life of US patients with cancer, this progress is less prevalent in the population of adolescent and young adult patients with cancer, including those between the ages of 15 and 19 years. Evidence suggests that participation in clinical trials is associated with better survival outcomes among children and adolescents with cancer; however, adolescents have lower clinical trial participation rates compared with younger age cohorts. To better understand the unique concerns among adolescent patients with cancer, the Division of Cancer Prevention and Control at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention convened a workgroup of researchers and health care providers in the field of adolescent and young adult oncology and cancer survivorship to examine the barriers and challenges limiting the participation of adolescents in clinical trials and to define ways to improve upon these concerns. This article summarizes the activities of the workgroup and their suggestions for enhanced accrual.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Tai
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, Georgia;
| | | | - Dena Eliman
- SciMetrika LLC, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | | | | | - Silvana Lawvere
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, North Carolina; and
| | - Archie Bleyer
- St Charles Health System, Quality Department, Bend, Oregon
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Zebrack BJ, Corbett V, Embry L, Aguilar C, Meeske KA, Hayes-Lattin B, Block R, Zeman DT, Cole S. Psychological distress and unsatisfied need for psychosocial support in adolescent and young adult cancer patients during the first year following diagnosis. Psychooncology 2014; 23:1267-75. [PMID: 24664958 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 165] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2013] [Revised: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Identifying at-risk adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer patients and referring them to age-appropriate psychosocial support services may be instrumental in reducing psychological distress and promoting psychosocial adaptation. The purpose of this study is to identify trajectories of clinically significant levels of distress throughout the first year following diagnosis and to distinguish factors, including supportive care service use, that predict the extent to which AYAs report distress. METHODS In this prospective multisite study, 215 AYAs aged 15-39 years were assessed for psychological distress and psychosocial support service use within the first 4 months of diagnosis and again 6 and 12 months later. On the basis of distress scores, respondents were assigned to one of four distress trajectory groups (Resilient, Recovery, Delayed, and Chronic). Multiple logistic regression analyses examined whether demographics, clinical variables, and reports of unsatisfied need for psychosocial support were associated with distress trajectories over 1 year. RESULTS Twelve percent of AYAs reported clinically significant chronic distress throughout the first 12 months following diagnosis. An additional 15% reported delayed distress. Substantial proportions of AYAs reported that needs for information (57%), counseling (41%), and practical support (39%) remained unsatisfied at 12 months following diagnosis. Not getting counseling needs met, particularly with regard to professional mental health services, was observed to be significantly associated with distress over time. CONCLUSIONS Substantial proportions of AYAs are not utilizing psychosocial support services. Findings suggest the importance of identifying psychologically distressed AYAs and addressing their needs for mental health counseling throughout a continuum of care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brad J Zebrack
- School of Social Work, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
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45
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Efficacy of an internet-based cognitive-behavioral intervention for long-term survivors of pediatric cancer: a pilot study. Support Care Cancer 2014; 22:2075-83. [PMID: 24639036 DOI: 10.1007/s00520-014-2193-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Long-term survivors of pediatric cancer have an increased risk of post-traumatic stress symptoms (PTSS) and dysfunctional anxiety. However, there is a lack of evidence-based psychotherapy tailored to the needs of this target group. In this single-arm pilot study, an Internet-based psychological intervention ("Onco-STEP") for adolescent and young adult survivors was developed, and its efficacy in reducing PTSS and anxiety was evaluated. METHODS Former patients of pediatric cancer older than 15 years manifesting clinically relevant PTSS or anxiety were eligible. The cognitive-behavioral treatment consists of ten writing sessions and comprises two modules: the first aiming to reprocess the traumatic cancer-related experiences and the second aiming to build coping strategies with current cancer-related fears. Treatment was delivered via written messages on a secure Internet platform. Outcomes were assessed by the Post-traumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, and the Fear of Progression/Relapse Questionnaire. RESULTS A total of 20 participants completed the intervention (mean age 27.3 ± 4.8 years at study; 13.8 ± 4.7 years since diagnosis; 70 % female). PTSS, anxiety, and fear of progression/relapse significantly declined at the end of the intervention, with pre-post effect sizes of 0.63, 0.74, and 0.48. In addition, we found a significant decrease in symptoms of depression. Except for the improvement in depression, all effects were sustained 3 months after the end of treatment. CONCLUSIONS The results show that the intervention is efficacious in reducing symptoms of post-traumatic stress and anxiety. Onco-STEP is a promising new way to treat young adult long-term survivors of pediatric cancer with late psychological effects. Future efforts need to focus on investigating specific evidence of the intervention in a randomized controlled trial.
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Al Omari O, Wynaden D. The psychosocial experience of adolescents with haematological malignancies in Jordan: an interpretive phenomenological analysis study. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:274036. [PMID: 24550700 PMCID: PMC3914442 DOI: 10.1155/2014/274036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2013] [Accepted: 10/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The qualitative research method of interpretive phenomenological analysis was used to explore the lived experience of 14 Jordanian adolescents with haematological malignancies. They were admitted to two hospitals in Jordan and were interviewed for this study twice during the first six months after receiving their diagnosis. The results of this study revealed three themes: (1) Being in hospital, (2) The changing self, and (3) Fearing the unknown. When the participants were hospitalised due to their illness they were removed from their families and friends and prevented from engaging in their normal daily routine. Participants also reported receiving limited emotional and psychological support from health team members during hospitalisation. From the onset of cancer treatments, the bio-psychosocial side effects of the chemotherapy became one of the most distressing factors for participants affecting all aspects of their life and generated uncertainty about their future. The findings add to existing understanding of the lived experiences of cancer patients and in particular Jordanian adolescents. They provide a valuable insight for clinicians into improvements in service delivery to this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Al Omari
- Children and Young People's Mental Health, Faculty of Nursing, Jerash University, P.O. Box 311, Jerash 26150, Jordan
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Curtin Health Innovation, Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
| | - Dianne Wynaden
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Curtin Health Innovation, Research Institute, Curtin University, GPO Box U 1987, Perth, WA 6845, Australia
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Feuz C. Are Current Care Models Meeting the Psychosocial Needs of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer Survivors? A Literature Review. J Med Imaging Radiat Sci 2013; 45:119-130. [PMID: 31051942 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmir.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/09/2013] [Accepted: 09/12/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adolescents and young adults diagnosed with cancer are expected to become long-term survivors. A cancer diagnosis during this critical life stage can have a profound impact on normal psychosocial development, increasing risk for adverse long-term and late effects and influencing quality of life. PURPOSE The purpose of this article was to review the impact of cancer on some key psychosocial aspects of adolescent and young adult cancer survivors, including the impact of a cancer diagnosis on psychosocial development, the effectiveness of current models of care in relation to addressing the psychosocial needs of this patient population, and the evaluation of current Canadian models of care and implications for clinical practice. METHODS A review of the English literature from 2002 to 2012 was performed using PubMed (National Center for Biotechnology Information), Ovid MEDLINE, and Google Scholar. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS Various survivorship care models have been implemented to assist adolescent and young adult cancer survivors in addressing the psychosocial issues associated with a cancer diagnosis, although the type of model used varies based on institutional resources and survivors' needs. Preliminary survivorship research identifies the need for long-term follow-up care including ongoing assessment for psychosocial issues. The literature also identifies the need to educate adolescents and young adults regarding their disease, which will empower these patients to act as their own health care advocates, resulting in improved health-related outcomes and overall quality of life. However, despite the increasing focus on the benefits of good survivorship care and the availability of government-funded survivorship programs in Canada, programs are often underused by this patient population. Survivorship care is a new focus for research that requires more evaluation regarding the feasibility and effectiveness of the different care models in meeting the psychosocial needs of adolescent and young adult cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Feuz
- Radiation Medicine Program, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario Canada; Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario Canada.
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Sansom-Daly UM, Wakefield CE. Distress and adjustment among adolescents and young adults with cancer: an empirical and conceptual review. Transl Pediatr 2013; 2:167-97. [PMID: 26835313 PMCID: PMC4729076 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2224-4336.2013.10.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) with cancer must simultaneously navigate the challenges associated with their cancer experience, whilst striving to achieve a number of important developmental milestones at the cusp of adulthood. The disruption caused by their cancer experience at this critical life-stage is assumed to be responsible for significant distress among AYAs living with cancer. The quality and severity of psychological outcomes among AYAs remain poorly documented, however. This review examined the existing literature on psychological outcomes among AYAs living with cancer. All psychological outcomes (both distress and positive adjustment) were included, and AYAs were included across the cancer trajectory, ranging from newly-diagnosed patients, to long-term cancer survivors. Four key research questions were addressed. Section 1 answered the question, "What is the nature and prevalence of distress (and other psychological outcomes) among AYAs living with cancer?" and documented rates of clinical distress, as well as evidence for the trajectory of this distress over time. Section 2 examined the individual, cancer/treatment-related and socio-demographic factors that have been identified as predictors of these outcomes in this existing literature. Section 3 examined current theoretical models relevant to explaining psychological outcomes among AYAs, including developmental models, socio-cognitive and family-systems models, stress-coping frameworks, and cognitive appraisal models (including trauma and meaning making models). The mechanisms implicated in each model were discussed, as was the existing evidence for each model. Converging evidence implicating the potential role of autobiographical memory and future thinking systems in how AYAs process and integrate their cancer experience into their current sense of self and future goals are highlighted. Finally, Section 4 addressed the future of psycho-oncology in understanding and conceptualizing psychological outcomes among AYAs living with cancer, by discussing recent empirical advancements in adjacent, non-oncology fields that might improve our understanding of psychological outcomes in AYAs living with cancer. Included in these were models of memory and future thinking drawn from the broader psychology literature that identify important mechanisms involved in adjustment, as well as experimental paradigms for the study of these mechanisms within analogue, non-cancer AYA samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ursula M Sansom-Daly
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia;; School of Psychology, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia; School of Women's and Children's Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
| | - Claire E Wakefield
- Kids Cancer Centre, Sydney Children's Hospital, Randwick, Australia;; School of Women's and Children's Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia
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Lam CG, Cohen KJ, Roter DL. Coping Needs in Adolescents with Cancer: A Participatory Study. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2013. [DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2012.0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G. Lam
- Department of Oncology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee
| | - Kenneth J. Cohen
- Division of Pediatric Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Debra L. Roter
- Department of Health, Behavior and Society, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland
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Wechsler AM, Sánchez-Iglesias I. Psychological adjustment of children with cancer as compared with healthy children: a meta-analysis. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2012; 22:314-25. [PMID: 23279127 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.12031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/16/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Childhood cancer is a life-threatening disease and the cause of great stress for children who suffer from its diagnosis and treatment. The aim of this study was to verify, through meta-analytical tools, whether children in active treatment for cancer differ in their psychological adjustment from healthy children. Ten studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria for the meta-analytic approach. A fixed effects model did not yield significant results, suggesting that there is no evidence for a difference in psychological adjustment between ill and healthy children, inasmuch as the former seem to adjust as well as the latter. Some methodological aspects are also considered, including issues related to the definition of psychological adjustment and its operationalisation and to the relative scarcity of published articles in this particular realm. Moreover, suggestions for future studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Wechsler
- Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment I, University Complutense of Madrid, Madrid, Spain.
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