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Sabuakham S, Nasoontorn S, Kongtaworn N, Rungrotmongkol T, Silsirivanit A, Pingaew R, Mahalapbutr P. Anilino-1,4-naphthoquinones as potent mushroom tyrosinase inhibitors: in vitro and in silico studies. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2357174. [PMID: 38814149 PMCID: PMC11141316 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2024.2357174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase, a pivotal enzyme in melanin synthesis, is a primary target for the development of depigmenting agents. In this work, in vitro and in silico techniques were employed to identify novel tyrosinase inhibitors from a set of 12 anilino-1,4-naphthoquinone derivatives. Results from the mushroom tyrosinase activity assay indicated that, among the 12 derivatives, three compounds (1, 5, and 10) demonstrated the most significant inhibitory activity against mushroom tyrosinase, surpassing the effectiveness of the kojic acid. Molecular docking revealed that all studied derivatives interacted with copper ions and amino acid residues at the enzyme active site. Molecular dynamics simulations provided insights into the stability of enzyme-inhibitor complexes, in which compounds 1, 5, and particularly 10 displayed greater stability, atomic contacts, and structural compactness than kojic acid. Drug likeness prediction further strengthens the potential of anilino-1,4-naphthoquinones as promising candidates for the development of novel tyrosinase inhibitors for the treatment of hyperpigmentation disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahachai Sabuakham
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Sutita Nasoontorn
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Napat Kongtaworn
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Atit Silsirivanit
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
| | - Ratchanok Pingaew
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Panupong Mahalapbutr
- Department of Biochemistry, Center for Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand
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2
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Capasso C, Supuran CT. Overview on tyrosinases: Genetics, molecular biology, phylogenetic relationship. Enzymes 2024; 56:1-30. [PMID: 39304284 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2024.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosinases (TYRs) are enzymes found in various organisms that are crucial for melanin biosynthesis, coloration, and UV protection. They play vital roles in insect cuticle sclerotization, mollusk shell formation, fungal and bacterial pigmentation, biofilm formation, and virulence. Structurally, TYRs feature copper-binding sites that are essential for catalytic activity, facilitating substrate oxidation via interactions with conserved histidine residues. TYRs exhibit diversity across animals, plants, fungi, mollusks, and bacteria, reflecting their roles and function. Eukaryotic TYRs undergo post-translational modifications, such as glycosylation, which affect protein folding and activity. Bacterial TYRs are categorized into five types based on their structural variation, domain organization and enzymatic properties, showing versatility across bacterial species. Moreover, bacterial TYRs, akin to fungal TYRs, have been implicated in the synthesis of secondary metabolites with antimicrobial properties. TYRs share significant sequence homology with hemocyanins, oxygen-carrier proteins in mollusks and arthropods, highlighting their evolutionary relationships. The evolution of TYRs underscores the dynamic nature of these enzymes and reflects adaptive strategies across diverse taxa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clemente Capasso
- Department of Biology, Agriculture and Food Sciences, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, CNR, Napoli, Italy.
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, University of Florence, Sesto Fiorentino, Florence, Italy
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3
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P K, R A A, Karmakar A, Lal Koner A. Delineating a Tailor-Made Fluorescent Probe Designed for the Selective Detection of Tyrosinase. Chem Asian J 2024; 19:e202400427. [PMID: 38758595 DOI: 10.1002/asia.202400427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024]
Abstract
A dicyanoisophorone based fluorescent probe (E)-2-(3-(4-hydroxystyryl)-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)malononitrile (DCIP-OH) was developed for the selective sensing of tyrosinase in apple extract and live cells. The probe was obtained by the condensation of 2-(3,5,5-trimethylcyclohex-2-en-1-ylidene)malononitrile with 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. Upon interaction with tyrosinase, the probe exhibited absorbance switching from 417 nm to 357 nm, accompanied by a slight increase in absorption value and an isosbestic point observed at 373 nm. Additionally, a reduction in emission intensity at 592 nm was observed. Furthermore, we successfully employed the probe for sensing of tyrosinase in apple extract and conducted inhibition studies by using kojic acid. LOD was determined to be ~0.4 nM. Moreover, the biocompatible nature of DCIP-OH enabled its effective localization in epithelial-like melanoma cells, B16F10, where it demonstrated successful fluorescent probing of intracellular tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavyashree P
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, 462066 Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Aswini R A
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, 462066 Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Abhijit Karmakar
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, 462066 Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Apurba Lal Koner
- Bionanotechnology Lab, Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal, Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri, 462066 Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India
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4
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Qi S, Guo L, Liang J, Wang K, Liao Q, He S, Lyu W, Cheng Z, Wang J, Luo X, Yan X, Lu Z, Wang X, Wang Z, Chen X, Li Q. A new strategy for the treatment of Parkinson's disease: Discovery and bio-evaluation of the first central-targeting tyrosinase inhibitor. Bioorg Chem 2024; 150:107612. [PMID: 38986418 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2024.107612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Revised: 06/20/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
The high level of tyrosinase leads to the generation of neuromelanin, further causing the abnormality of redox-related protein level and mediating the occurrence and development of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, the existing tyrosinase inhibitors are mostly natural product extracts or polyphenolic derivatives, which hindered them from penetrating the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Herein, we obtained a novel tyrosinase inhibitor, 2-06 (tyrosinase: monophenolase IC50 = 70.44 ± 22.69 μM, diphenolase IC50 = 1.89 ± 0.64 μM), through the structure-based screening method. The compound 2-06 presented good in vitro and in vivo safety, and can inhibit the tyrosinase and melanogenesis in B16F10. Moreover, this compound showed neuroprotective effects and Parkinsonism behavior improving function. 2-06 was proved to penetrate the BBB and enter the central nervous system (CNS). The exploration of the binding mode between 2-06 and tyrosinase provided the foundation for the subsequent structural optimization. This is the first research to develop a central-targeting tyrosinase inhibitor, which is crucial for in-depth study on the new strategy for utilizing tyrosinase inhibitors to treat PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulei Qi
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Lina Guo
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinxin Liang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Kaixuan Wang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghong Liao
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China; Shandong Kangqiao Biotechnology Co., Ltd, Qingdao 266033, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu He
- Guizhou Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Chemical Drug R&D, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550004, China
| | - Weiping Lyu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural and Biomimetic Drugs, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100191, People's Republic of China
| | - Zimeng Cheng
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaojia Luo
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaomei Yan
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziyao Lu
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Ziming Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 256699, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuehong Chen
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qi Li
- Department of Medical Pharmacy, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, People's Republic of China.
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5
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Vieira EG, de Paiva REF, Miguel RB, de Oliveira APA, Franco de Melo Bagatelli F, Oliveira CC, Tuna F, da Costa Ferreira AM. An engineered POSS drug delivery system for copper(II) anticancer metallodrugs in a selective application toward melanoma cells. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:12567-12581. [PMID: 39005067 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00535j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/16/2024]
Abstract
In this work, a polyhedral silsesquioxane (POSS) was used as an engineered drug delivery system for two oxindolimine-copper(II) anticancer complexes, [Cu(isaepy)]+ and [Cu(isapn)]+. The interest in hybrid POSS comes from the necessity of developing materials that can act as adjuvants to improve the cytotoxicity of non-soluble metallodrugs. Functionalization of POSS with a triazole ligand (POSS-atzac) permitted the anchorage of such copper complexes, producing hybrid materials with efficient cytotoxic effects. Structural and morphological characterizations of these copper-POSS systems were performed by using different techniques (IR, NMR, thermogravimetric analysis). A combination of continuous-wave (CW) and pulsed EPR (HYSCORE) spectroscopies conducted at the X-band have enabled the complete characterization of the coordination environment of the copper ion in the POSS-atzac matrix. Additionally, the cytotoxic effects of the loaded materials, [Cu(isapn)]@POSS-atzac and [Cu(isaepy)]@POSS-atzac, were assessed toward melanomas (SK-MEL), in comparison to non-tumorigenic cells (fibroblast P4). Evaluation of their nuclease activity or ability to facilitate cleavage of DNA indicated concentrations as low as 0.6 μg mL-1, while complete DNA fragmentation was observed at 25 μg mL-1. By using adequate scavengers, investigations on active intermediates responsible for their cytotoxicity were performed, both in the absence and in the presence of ascorbate as a reducing agent. Based on the observed selective cytotoxicity of these materials toward melanomas, investigations on the reactivity of these complexes and corresponding POSS-materials with melanin, a molecule that contributes to melanoma resistance to chemotherapy, were carried out. Results indicated the main role of the binuclear copper species, formed at the surface of the silica matrix, in the observed reactivity and selectivity of these copper-POSS systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Guimarães Vieira
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
- EPSRC National EPR Facility, Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Raphael Enoque Ferraz de Paiva
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rodrigo Bernardi Miguel
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula Araujo de Oliveira
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
| | - Felipe Franco de Melo Bagatelli
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Carla Columbano Oliveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - Floriana Tuna
- EPSRC National EPR Facility, Department of Chemistry and Photon Science Institute, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, M13 9PL, Manchester, UK
| | - Ana Maria da Costa Ferreira
- Departamento de Química Fundamental, Instituto de Química, Universidade de São Paulo, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes 748, 05508-000 São Paulo, SP, Brazil.
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6
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Melfi F, Carradori S, Granese A, Osmanović A, Campestre C. Drug design of tyrosinase inhibitors. Enzymes 2024; 56:111-134. [PMID: 39304285 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2024.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
This copper-containing enzyme catalyzes the rate-limiting step for the melanin skin pigment bioproduction. Tyrosinase inhibitors can be exploited as skin whitening agents and food preservatives, opening new scenarios in food, cosmetics, agriculture and medicine. Despite the availability of natural inhibitors (hydroquinone, α-arbutin, kojic acid, retinoids, azelaic acid, resveratrol, caftaric acid, valonea tannin, chrysosplenetin and phenylethyl resorcinol), several synthetic compounds were proposed to overcome side effects and to improve the efficacy of natural agents. This chapter will gather the recent advances about synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors from the MedChem perspective, providing new suggestions for the scaffold-based design of innovative compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Melfi
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Arianna Granese
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technology, "Sapienza" University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Amar Osmanović
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sarajevo, Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Cristina Campestre
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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7
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Cytarska J, Szulc J, Kołodziej-Sobczak D, Nunes JA, da Silva-Júnior EF, Łączkowski KZ. Cyrene™ as a tyrosinase inhibitor and anti-browning agent. Food Chem 2024; 442:138430. [PMID: 38241986 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2024.138430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
The tyrosinase pathway takes part in the enzymatic process of food browning and is primarily responsible for food spoilage - manifesting itself from a decrease in its nutritional value to a deterioration of taste, which consequently leads to a gradual loss of shelf life. Finding safe and bio-based tyrosinase inhibitors and anti-browning agents may be of great importance in agriculture and food industries. Herein, we showed that Cyrene™ exhibits tyrosinase inhibitory activity (IC50: 268.2 µM), the 1.44 times higher than ascorbic acid (IC50: 386.5 μM). Binding mode studies demonstrated that the carbonyl oxygen of Cyrene™ coordinates with both copper ions. Surprisingly, both hydroxyl groups of Cyrene gem-diol perform a monodentate binding mode with both copper ions, at similar distances. This fact suggests that both compounds could have a similar binding mode and, as consequence, similar biological activities in tyrosinase inhibition assays and anti-browning activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Cytarska
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Joanna Szulc
- Department of Food Industry Technology and Engineering, Bydgoszcz University of Science and Technology, Seminaryjna 3, 85-326 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Dominika Kołodziej-Sobczak
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
| | - Jéssica Alves Nunes
- Biological and Molecular Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, AC Simões Campus, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, s/n, 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Biological and Molecular Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, AC Simões Campus, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, s/n, 57072-970 Maceió, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Krzysztof Z Łączkowski
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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8
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Zolghadri S, Saboury AA. Catalytic mechanism of tyrosinases. Enzymes 2024; 56:31-54. [PMID: 39304290 DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2024.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/22/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosinases (TYR) play a key role in melanin biosynthesis by catalyzing two reactions: monophenolase and diphenolase activities. Despite low amino acid sequence homology, TYRs from various organisms (from bacteria to humans) have similar active site architectures and catalytic mechanisms. The active site of the TYRs contains two copper ions coordinated by histidine (His) residues. The catalytic mechanism of TYRs involves electron transfer between copper sites, leading to the hydroxylation of monophenolic compounds to diphenols and the subsequent oxidation of these to corresponding dopaquinones. Although extensive studies have been conducted on the structure, catalytic mechanism, and enzymatic capabilities of TYRs, some mechanistic aspects are still debated. This chapter will delve into the structure of the active site, catalytic function, and inhibition mechanism of TYRs. The goal is to improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying TYR activity. This knowledge can help in developing new strategies to modulate TYR function and potentially treat diseases linked to melanin dysregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samaneh Zolghadri
- Department of Biology, Jahrom Branch, Islamic Azad University, Jahrom, Iran.
| | - Ali Akbar Saboury
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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9
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García Molina P, Saura-Sanmartin A, Berna J, Teruel JA, Muñoz Muñoz JL, Rodríguez López JN, García Cánovas F, García Molina F. Considerations about the inhibition of monophenolase and diphenolase activities of tyrosinase. Characterization of the inhibitor concentration which generates 50 % of inhibition, type and inhibition constants. A review. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 267:131513. [PMID: 38608979 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a copper oxidase enzyme which catalyzes the first two steps in the melanogenesis pathway, L-tyrosine to L-dopa conversion and, then, to o-dopaquinone and dopachrome. Hypopigmentation and, above all, hyperpigmentation issues can be originated depending on their activity. This enzyme also promotes the browning of fruits and vegetables. Therefore, control of their activity by regulators is research topic of great relevance. In this work, we consider the use of inhibitors of monophenolase and diphenolase activities of the enzyme in order to accomplish such control. An experimental design and data analysis which allow the accurate calculation of the degree of inhibition of monophenolase activity (iM) and diphenolase activity (iD) are proposed. The IC50 values (amount of inhibitor that causes 50 % inhibition at a fixed substrate concentration) can be calculated for the two activities and from the values of IC50M (monophenolase) and IC50D(diphenolase). Additionally, the strength and type of inhibition can be deduced from these values. The data analysis from these IC50D values allows to obtain the values of [Formula: see text] or [Formula: see text] , or and [Formula: see text] from the values of IC50M. In all cases, the values of the different must satisfy their relationship with IC50M and IC50D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo García Molina
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Adrian Saura-Sanmartin
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, E-30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain.
| | - Jose Berna
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Murcia, E-30100 Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio Teruel
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Jose Luis Muñoz Muñoz
- Microbial Enzymology Lab, Department of Applied Sciences, Ellison Building A, University of Northumbria, Newcastle Upon Tyne, UK
| | - Jose Neptuno Rodríguez López
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco García Cánovas
- GENZ-Group of Research on Enzymology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology-A, Regional Campus of International Excellence "Campus Mare Nostrum", University of Murcia, Espinardo, Murcia, Spain
| | - Francisco García Molina
- Department of Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofía, Av. Intendente Jorge Palacios, 1, 30003 Murcia, Spain.
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10
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Bjørgen H, Koppang EO. The melano-macrophage: The black leukocyte of fish immunity. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2024; 148:109523. [PMID: 38522495 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2024.109523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/20/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024]
Abstract
Melanin and the process of melanin synthesis or melanogenesis have central roles in the immune system of insects, and production of melanin-synthesizing enzymes from their haemocytes may be induced following activation through danger signals. Melanin-containing macrophage-like cells have been extensively studied in amphibians and they are also present in reptiles. In fish, melano-macrophages are especially recognized with respect to melano-macrophage centres (MMCs), hypothesized to be analogues of germinal centres in secondary lymphoid organs of mammals and some birds. Melano-macrophages are in addition present in several inflammatory conditions, in particular melanised focal changes, or black spots, in the musculature of farmed Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar. Melanins are complex compounds that may be divided into different forms which all have the ability to absorb and scatter light. Other functions include the quenching of free radicals and a direct effect on the immune system. According to the common view held in the pigment cell community, vertebrate melanin synthesis with melanosome formation may only occur in cells of ectodermal origin. However, abundant information suggests that also myeloid cells of ectothermic vertebrates may be classified as melanocytes. Here, we discuss these opposing views and review relevant literature. Finally, we review the current status on the research concerning melanised focal muscle changes that represent the most severe quality problem in Norwegian salmon production, but also other diseases where melano-macrophages play important roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Håvard Bjørgen
- Unit of Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway
| | - Erling Olaf Koppang
- Unit of Anatomy, Veterinary Faculty, Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Ås, Norway.
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11
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Zhu H, Oh JH, Matsuda Y, Mino T, Ishikawa M, Nakamura H, Tsujikawa M, Nonaka H, Hamachi I. Tyrosinase-Based Proximity Labeling in Living Cells and In Vivo. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:7515-7523. [PMID: 38445591 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Characterizing the protein constituents of a specific organelle and protein neighbors of a protein of interest (POI) is essential for understanding the function and state of the organelle and protein networks associated with the POI. Proximity labeling (PL) has emerged as a promising technology for specific and efficient spatial proteomics. Nevertheless, most enzymes adopted for PL still have limitations: APEX requires cytotoxic H2O2 for activation and thus is poor in biocompatibility for in vivo application, BioID shows insufficient labeling kinetics, and TurboID suffers from high background biotinylation. Here, we introduce a bacterial tyrosinase (BmTyr) as a new PL enzyme suitable for H2O2-free, fast (≤10 min in living cells), and low-background protein tagging. BmTyr is genetically encodable and enables subcellular-resolved PL and proteomics in living cells. We further designed a strategy of ligand-tethered BmTyr for in vivo PL, which unveiled the surrounding proteome of a neurotransmitter receptor (Grm1 and Drd2) in its resident synapse in a live mouse brain. Overall, BmTyr is one promising enzyme that can improve and expand PL-based applications and discoveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Zhu
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Jae Hoon Oh
- ERATO (Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, JST), Sanbancho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan
| | - Yuna Matsuda
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takeharu Mino
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Mamoru Ishikawa
- ERATO (Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, JST), Sanbancho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan
| | - Hideki Nakamura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- Kyoto University Hakubi Center for Advanced Research, Yoshida-honmachi, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Muneo Tsujikawa
- ERATO (Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, JST), Sanbancho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- ERATO (Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, JST), Sanbancho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- ERATO (Exploratory Research for Advanced Technology, JST), Sanbancho, Chiyodaku, Tokyo, 102-0075, Japan
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12
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Davis AE, Kennelley GE, Amaye-Obu T, Jowdy PF, Ghadersohi S, Nasir-Moin M, Paragh G, Berman HA, Huss WJ. The phenomenon of phototoxicity and long-term risks of commonly prescribed and structurally diverse drugs. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY 2024; 19:100221. [PMID: 38389933 PMCID: PMC10883358 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpap.2023.100221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosensitivity to structurally diverse drugs is a common but under-reported adverse cutaneous reaction and can be classified as phototoxic or photoallergic. Phototoxic reactions occur when the skin is exposed to sunlight after administering topical or systemic medications that exhibit photosensitizing activity. These reactions depend on the dose of medication, degree of exposure to ultraviolet light, type of ultraviolet light, and sufficient skin distribution volume. Accurate prediction of the incidence and phototoxic response severity is challenging due to a paucity of literature, suggesting that phototoxicity may be more frequent than reported. This paper reports an extensive literature review on phototoxic drugs; the review employed pre-determined search criteria that included meta-analyses, systematic reviews, literature reviews, and case reports freely available in full text. Additional reports were identified from reference sections that contributed to the understanding of phototoxicity. The following drugs and/or drug classes are discussed: amiodarone, voriconazole, chlorpromazine, doxycycline, fluoroquinolones, hydrochlorothiazide, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, and vemurafenib. In reviewing phototoxic skin reactions, this review highlights drug molecular structures, their reactive pathways, and, as there is a growing association between photosensitizing drugs and the increasing incidence of skin cancer, the consequential long-term implications of photocarcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna E Davis
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gabrielle E Kennelley
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- College of Medicine, Central Michigan University, Mt. Pleasant, MI 48858, USA
| | - Tatiana Amaye-Obu
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Peter F Jowdy
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Sarah Ghadersohi
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Mehr Nasir-Moin
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Gyorgy Paragh
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - Harvey A Berman
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Romanell Center for the Philosophy of Medicine and Bioethics, Park Hall University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14260, USA
| | - Wendy J Huss
- Department of Dermatology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
- Department of Cell Stress Biology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, USA
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13
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Boldea LS, Aprodu I, Enachi E, Dumitrașcu L, Păcularu-Burada B, Chițescu C, Râpeanu G, Stănciuc N. Advanced interactional characterization of the inhibitory effect of anthocyanin extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. on apple polyphenol oxidase. J Food Sci 2023; 88:5026-5043. [PMID: 37872831 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.16808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
In this study, a comprehensive approach to advance the inhibitory effect of Hibiscus sabdariffa extract on apple polyphenol oxidase (PPO) was performed. PPO was extracted, purified, and characterized for optimal activity, whereas response surface methodology generated a quadratic polynomial model to fit the experimental results for hibiscus extraction. The optimum conditions allowed to predict a maximum recovery of anthocyanins (256.11 mg delphinidin-3-O-glucoside/g), with a validated value of 272.87 mg delphinidin-3-O-glucoside/g dry weight (DW). The chromatographic methods highlighted the presence of gallic acid (36,812.90 µg/g DW extract), myricetin (141,933.84 µg/g DW extract), caffeic acid (101,394.07 µg/g DW extract), sinapic acid (1157.46 µg/g DW extract), kaempferol (2136.76 µg/g DW extract), and delphinidin 3-O-β-d-glucoside (226,367.08 µg/g DW extract). The inactivation of PPO followed a first-order kinetic model. A temperature-mediated flexible fit between PPO and anthocyanins was suggested, whereas the molecular docking tests indicated that PPO is a good receptor for cafestol, gallic acid, and catechin, involving hydrophobic and hydrogen bond interactions. PRACTICAL APPLICATION: It is well known that enzymatic browning is one of the most important challenges in the industrial minimal processing of selected fruit and vegetable products. Novel inhibitors for polyphenol oxidase are proposed in this study by using an anthocyanin-enriched extract from Hibiscus sabdariffa L. Based on our results, combining the chemical effect of phytochemicals from hibiscus extract with different functional groups with minimal heating could be an interesting approach for the development of a new strategy to inhibit apple polyphenol oxidase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lavinia Stan Boldea
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galați, Romania
| | - Iuliana Aprodu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galați, Romania
| | - Elena Enachi
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galați, Romania
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Loredana Dumitrașcu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galați, Romania
| | - Bogdan Păcularu-Burada
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galați, Romania
| | - Carmen Chițescu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galaţi, Romania
| | - Gabriela Râpeanu
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galați, Romania
| | - Nicoleta Stănciuc
- Faculty of Food Science and Engineering, Dunarea de Jos University of Galati, Galați, Romania
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14
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Panis F, Rompel A. Biochemical Investigations of Five Recombinantly Expressed Tyrosinases Reveal Two Novel Mechanisms Impacting Carbon Storage in Wetland Ecosystems. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2023; 57:13863-13873. [PMID: 37656057 PMCID: PMC10515480 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c02910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Wetlands are globally distributed ecosystems characterized by predominantly anoxic soils, resulting from water-logging. Over the past millennia, low decomposition rates of organic matter led to the accumulation of 20-30% of the world's soil carbon pool in wetlands. Phenolic compounds are critically involved in stabilizing wetland carbon stores as they act as broad-scale inhibitors of hydrolytic enzymes. Tyrosinases are oxidoreductases capable of removing phenolic compounds in the presence of O2 by oxidizing them to the corresponding o-quinones. Herein, kinetic investigations (kcat and Km values) reveal that low-molecular-weight phenolic compounds naturally present within wetland ecosystems (including monophenols, diphenols, triphenols, and flavonoids) are accepted by five recombinantly expressed wetland tyrosinases (TYRs) as substrates. Investigations of the interactions between TYRs and wetland phenolics reveal two novel mechanisms that describe the global impact of TYRs on the wetland carbon cycle. First, it is shown that o-quinones (produced by TYRs from low-molecular-weight phenolic substrates) are capable of directly inactivating hydrolytic enzymes. Second, it is reported that o-quinones can interact with high-molecular-weight phenolic polymers (which inhibit hydrolytic enzymes) and remove them through precipitation. The balance between these two mechanisms will profoundly affect the fate of wetland carbon stocks, particularly in the wake of climate change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Panis
- Universität
Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische
Chemie, Josef-Holaubek-Platz
2, 1090 Wien, Austria, https://www.bpc.univie.ac.at/en/
| | - Annette Rompel
- Universität
Wien, Fakultät für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische
Chemie, Josef-Holaubek-Platz
2, 1090 Wien, Austria, https://www.bpc.univie.ac.at/en/
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15
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Fekry M, Dave KK, Badgujar D, Hamnevik E, Aurelius O, Dobritzsch D, Danielson UH. The Crystal Structure of Tyrosinase from Verrucomicrobium spinosum Reveals It to Be an Atypical Bacterial Tyrosinase. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1360. [PMID: 37759761 PMCID: PMC10526336 DOI: 10.3390/biom13091360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinases belong to the type-III copper enzyme family, which is involved in melanin production in a wide range of organisms. Despite similar overall characteristics and functions, their structures, activities, substrate specificities and regulation vary. The tyrosinase from the bacterium Verrucomicrobium spinosum (vsTyr) is produced as a pre-pro-enzyme in which a C-terminal extension serves as an inactivation domain. It does not require a caddie protein for copper ion incorporation, which makes it similar to eukaryotic tyrosinases. To gain an understanding of the catalytic machinery and regulation of vsTyr activity, we determined the structure of the catalytically active "core domain" of vsTyr by X-ray crystallography. The analysis showed that vsTyr is an atypical bacterial tyrosinase not only because it is independent of a caddie protein but also because it shows the highest structural (and sequence) similarity to plant-derived members of the type-III copper enzyme family and is more closely related to fungal tyrosinases regarding active site features. By modelling the structure of the pre-pro-enzyme using AlphaFold, we observed that Phe453, located in the C-terminal extension, is appropriately positioned to function as a "gatekeeper" residue. Our findings raise questions concerning the evolutionary origin of vsTyr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mostafa Fekry
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, SE 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.F.); (K.K.D.); (D.B.); (E.H.); (D.D.)
- Biophysics Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt
| | - Khyati K. Dave
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, SE 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.F.); (K.K.D.); (D.B.); (E.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Dilip Badgujar
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, SE 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.F.); (K.K.D.); (D.B.); (E.H.); (D.D.)
| | - Emil Hamnevik
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, SE 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.F.); (K.K.D.); (D.B.); (E.H.); (D.D.)
| | | | - Doreen Dobritzsch
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, SE 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.F.); (K.K.D.); (D.B.); (E.H.); (D.D.)
| | - U. Helena Danielson
- Department of Chemistry—BMC, Uppsala University, SE 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; (M.F.); (K.K.D.); (D.B.); (E.H.); (D.D.)
- Science for Life Laboratory, Drug Discovery & Development Platform, Uppsala University, SE 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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16
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Veerichetty V, Saravanabavan I. Molecular docking Study of Nuciferine as a Tyrosinase Inhibitor and Its Therapeutic Potential for Hyperpigmentation. Genomics Inform 2023; 21:e43. [PMID: 37813639 PMCID: PMC10584639 DOI: 10.5808/gi.23054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanin is synthesized by tyrosinase to protect the skin from ultraviolet light. However, overproduction and accumulation of melanin can result in hyperpigmentation and skin melanoma. Tyrosinase inhibitors are commonly used in the treatment of hyperpigmentation. Natural tyrosinase inhibitors are often favored over synthetic ones due to the potential side effects of the latter, which can include skin irritation, allergies, and other adverse reactions. Nuciferine, an alkaloid derived from Nelumbo nucifera, exhibits potent antioxidant and anti-proliferative properties. This study focused on the in silico screening of nuciferine for anti-tyrosinase activity, using kojic acid, ascorbic acid, and resorcinol as standards. The tyrosinase protein target was selected through homology modeling. The residues of the substrate binding pocket and active site pockets were identified for the purposes of grid box optimization and docking. Nuciferine demonstrated a binding energy of -7.0 kcal/mol and a Ki of 5 µM, both of which were comparatively higher than the corresponding values of kojic acid, which showed -5.3 kcal/mol and 122 µM respectively. Therefore, nuciferine is a potent natural tyrosinase inhibitor and shows promising potential for application in the treatment of hyperpigmentation and skin melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Veerabhuvaneshwari Veerichetty
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology affiliated with Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641006, India
| | - Iswaryalakshmi Saravanabavan
- Department of Biotechnology, Kumaraguru College of Technology affiliated with Anna University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641006, India
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17
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Abstract
A survey of protein databases indicates that the majority of enzymes exist in oligomeric forms, with about half of those found in the UniProt database being homodimeric. Understanding why many enzymes are in their dimeric form is imperative. Recent developments in experimental and computational techniques have allowed for a deeper comprehension of the cooperative interactions between the subunits of dimeric enzymes. This review aims to succinctly summarize these recent advancements by providing an overview of experimental and theoretical methods, as well as an understanding of cooperativity in substrate binding and the molecular mechanisms of cooperative catalysis within homodimeric enzymes. Focus is set upon the beneficial effects of dimerization and cooperative catalysis. These advancements not only provide essential case studies and theoretical support for comprehending dimeric enzyme catalysis but also serve as a foundation for designing highly efficient catalysts, such as dimeric organic catalysts. Moreover, these developments have significant implications for drug design, as exemplified by Paxlovid, which was designed for the homodimeric main protease of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke-Wei Chen
- Lab of Computional Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Tian-Yu Sun
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
| | - Yun-Dong Wu
- Lab of Computional Chemistry and Drug Design, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen 518055, China
- Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen 518132, China
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18
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Cherubino Ribeiro TH, de Oliveira RR, das Neves TT, Santiago WD, Mansur BL, Saczk AA, Vilela de Resende ML, Chalfun-Junior A. Metabolic Pathway Reconstruction Indicates the Presence of Important Medicinal Compounds in Coffea Such as L-DOPA. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12466. [PMID: 37569839 PMCID: PMC10419165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of transcriptomic data to make inferences about plant metabolomes is a useful tool to help the discovery of important compounds in the available biodiversity. To unveil previously undiscovered metabolites of Coffea, of phytotherapeutic and economic value, we employed 24 RNAseq libraries. These libraries were sequenced from leaves exposed to a diverse range of environmental conditions. Subsequently, the data were meticulously processed to create models of putative metabolic networks, which shed light on the production of potential natural compounds of significant interest. Then, we selected one of the predicted compounds, the L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA), to be analyzed by LC-MS/MS using three biological replicates of flowers, leaves, and fruits from Coffea arabica and Coffea canephora. We were able to identify metabolic pathways responsible for producing several compounds of economic importance. One of the identified pathways involved in isoquinoline alkaloid biosynthesis was found to be active and producing L-DOPA, which is a common product of POLYPHENOL OXIDASES (PPOs, EC 1.14.18.1 and EC 1.10.3.1). We show that coffee plants are a natural source of L-DOPA, a widely used medicine for treatment of the human neurodegenerative condition called Parkinson's disease. In addition, dozens of other compounds with medicinal significance were predicted as potential natural coffee products. By further refining analytical chemistry techniques, it will be possible to enhance the characterization of coffee metabolites, enabling a deeper understanding of their properties and potential applications in medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thales Henrique Cherubino Ribeiro
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-000, Brazil; (T.H.C.R.); (R.R.d.O.)
| | - Raphael Ricon de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-000, Brazil; (T.H.C.R.); (R.R.d.O.)
| | - Taís Teixeira das Neves
- Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-000, Brazil;
| | - Wilder Douglas Santiago
- National Institute of Coffee Science and Technology (INCT-CAFÉ), Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-000, Brazil;
| | - Bethania Leite Mansur
- Multiuser Instrumental Analysis Laboratory (LabMAI), Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-000, Brazil;
| | - Adelir Aparecida Saczk
- Analytical and Electroanalytical Laboratory (LAE), Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-000, Brazil;
| | | | - Antonio Chalfun-Junior
- Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Plant Physiology Sector, Department of Biology, Federal University of Lavras (UFLA), Lavras 37200-000, Brazil; (T.H.C.R.); (R.R.d.O.)
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19
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Li Z, Lu F, Liu Y. A Review of the Mechanism, Properties, and Applications of Hydrogels Prepared by Enzymatic Cross-linking. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023. [PMID: 37390351 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c01162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/02/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels, as biological materials, are widely used in food, tissue engineering, and biomedical applications. Nevertheless, many issues remain in the preparation of hydrogels by physical and chemical methods, such as low bioaffinity, weak mechanical properties, and unstable structures, which also limit their applications in other fields. However, the enzymatic cross-linking method has the advantages of high catalytic efficiency, mild reaction conditions, and the presence of nontoxic substances. In this review, we evaluated the chemical, physical, and biological methods of preparing hydrogels and introduced three common cross-linking enzymes and their principles for preparing hydrogels. This review introduced the applications and properties of hydrogels prepared by the enzymatic method and also provided some suggestions regarding the current situation and future development of hydrogels prepared by enzymatic cross-linking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Fuping Lu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
| | - Yihan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Fermentation Microbiology, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, The College of Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin 300457, P. R. China
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20
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Vittorio S, Dank C, Ielo L. Heterocyclic Compounds as Synthetic Tyrosinase Inhibitors: Recent Advances. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24109097. [PMID: 37240442 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24109097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is a copper-containing enzyme which is widely distributed in nature (e.g., bacteria, mammals, fungi) and involved in two consecutive steps of melanin biosynthesis. In humans, an excessive production of melanin can determine hyperpigmentation disorders as well as neurodegenerative processes in Parkinson's disease. The development of molecules able to inhibit the high activity of the enzyme remain a current topic in medicinal chemistry, because the inhibitors reported so far present several side effects. Heterocycle-bearing molecules are largely diffuse in this sense. Due to their importance as biologically active compounds, we decided to report a comprehensive review of synthetic tyrosinase inhibitors possessing heterocyclic moieties reported within the last five years. For the reader's convenience, we classified them as inhibitors of mushroom tyrosinase (Agaricus bisporus) and human tyrosinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serena Vittorio
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Mangiagalli, 25, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Christian Dank
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Laura Ielo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Turin, Via P. Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
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21
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Fu M, Yang Y, Zhang Z, He Y, Wang Y, Liu C, Xu X, Lin J, Yan F. Biosynthesis of Melanin Nanoparticles for Photoacoustic Imaging Guided Photothermal Therapy. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2023; 19:e2205343. [PMID: 36581563 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202205343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Photothermal therapy (PTT) has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to their unique advantages in minimal invasiveness and spatiotemporal selectivity. However, the fabrication procedures of PTT agents frequently require complex chemical and/or physical methods that involves harsh and environmentally hazardous conditions. Here, a genetically engineered bacterium is developed to synthesize melanin nanoparticles under mild and environmentally friendly conditions. The biosynthetic melanin nanoparticles exhibit excellent biocompatibility, good stability, and negligible toxicity. In addition, the biosynthetic melanin nanoparticles have strong absorption at near-infrared (NIR) region and higher photothermal conversion efficiency (48.9%) than chemically synthesized melanin-like polydopamine nanoparticles under an 808 nm laser irradiation. Moreover, the results show that the biosynthetic melanin nanoparticles have excellent photoacoustic imaging (PAI) performance and can be used for PAI guided PTT in vivo. In conclusion, the study provides an alternative approach to synthesize PTT agents with broad application potential in the diagnosis and treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Fu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuping Yang
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, P. R. China
| | | | - Yaling He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011, China
| | - Chenxing Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Xiaohong Xu
- Department of Ultrasound, Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University, Zhanjiang, 524001, P. R. China
| | - Jing Lin
- Marshall Laboratory of Biomedical Engineering, International Cancer Center, Laboratory of Evolutionary Theranostics (LET), School of Biomedical Engineering, Shenzhen University Health Science Center, Shenzhen, 518060, China
| | - Fei Yan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Quantitative Engineering Biology, Shenzhen Institute of Synthetic Biology, Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen, 518055, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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22
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Zhang Q, Lin R, Yang J, Zhao J, Li H, Liu K, Xue X, Zhao H, Han S, Zhao H. Transcriptome Analysis Reveals That C17 Mycosubtilin Antagonizes Verticillium dahliae by Interfering with Multiple Functional Pathways of Fungi. BIOLOGY 2023; 12:biology12040513. [PMID: 37106714 PMCID: PMC10136297 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Verticillium wilt is a kind of soil-borne plant fungal disease caused by Verticillium dahliae (Vd). Vd 991 is a strong pathogen causing cotton Verticillium wilt. Previously, we isolated a compound from the secondary metabolites of Bacillus subtilis J15 (BS J15), which showed a significant control effect on cotton Verticillium wilt and was identified as C17 mycosubtilin. However, the specific fungistatic mechanism by which C17 mycosubtilin antagonizes Vd 991 is not clear. Here, we first showed that C17 mycosubtilin inhibits the growth of Vd 991 and affects germination of spores at the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Morphological observation showed that C17 mycosubtilin treatment caused shrinking, sinking, and even damage to spores; the hyphae became twisted and rough, the surface was sunken, and the contents were unevenly distributed, resulting in thinning and damage to the cell membrane and cell wall and swelling of mitochondria of fungi. Flow cytometry analysis with ANNEXINV-FITC/PI staining showed that C17 mycosubtilin induces necrosis of Vd 991 cells in a time-dependent manner. Differential transcription analysis showed that C17 mycosubtilin at a semi-inhibitory concentration (IC50) treated Vd 991 for 2 and 6 h and inhibited fungal growth mainly by destroying synthesis of the fungal cell membrane and cell wall, inhibiting its DNA replication and transcriptional translation process, blocking its cell cycle, destroying fungal energy and substance metabolism, and disrupting the redox process of fungi. These results directly showed the mechanism by which C17 mycosubtilin antagonizes Vd 991, providing clues for the mechanism of action of lipopeptides and useful information for development of more effective antimicrobials.
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Manh Khoa N, Viet Phong N, Yang SY, Min BS, Kim JA. Spectroscopic analysis, kinetic mechanism, computational docking, and molecular dynamics of active metabolites from the aerial parts of Astragalus membranaceusBunge as tyrosinase inhibitors. Bioorg Chem 2023; 134:106464. [PMID: 36921361 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2023.106464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
A new isoflavane derivative (2), a new natural isoflavane (6), four new oleanane-type triterpenoid saponins (23, 25, 28, and 29), and twenty three known secondary metabolites (1, 3-5, 7-22, 24, 26, and 27) were isolated from the aerial parts of Astragalus membranaceus Bunge. The chemical structures of these compounds were elucidated through spectroscopic analysis and compared with those identified in previous studies. Tyrosinase inhibition ability of isolated compounds (1-29) was evaluated. Of these, compounds 3, 4, 6, and 14 exhibited inhibitory effects, with IC50 values ranging from 24.6 to 59.2 μM. According to kinetic analysis, compounds 3 and 4 were non-competitive inhibitors of tyrosinase, whereas compounds 6 and 14 inhibited tyrosinase in uncompetitive and competitive modes, respectively. Molecular docking analysis identified that compounds 3, 4, and 6 could bind to allosteric sites and compound 14 could bind to the catalytic site of tyrosinase, which is consistent with the results of kinetic studies. Molecular dynamics behaviors of the active compounds in complex with tyrosinase were investigated via 60 ns simulation which demonstrated their high stability. These findings indicate that the aerial parts of A. membranaceus are a potential source of natural tyrosinase inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Manh Khoa
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Nguyen Viet Phong
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Seo Young Yang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Sun Min
- College of Pharmacy, Drug Research and Development Center, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongbuk 38430, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jeong Ah Kim
- Vessel-Organ Interaction Research Center, VOICE (MRC), College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea; BK21 FOUR Community-Based Intelligent Novel Drug Discovery Education Unit, College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Nunes JA, de Araújo RSA, da Silva FN, Cytarska J, Łączkowski KZ, Cardoso SH, Mendonça-Júnior FJB, da Silva-Júnior EF. Coumarin-Based Compounds as Inhibitors of Tyrosinase/Tyrosine Hydroxylase: Synthesis, Kinetic Studies, and In Silico Approaches. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:5216. [PMID: 36982292 PMCID: PMC10048804 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Revised: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/01/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer represents the main cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, constituting a serious health problem. In this context, melanoma represents the most aggressive and fatal type of skin cancer, with death rates increasing every year. Scientific efforts have been addressed to the development of inhibitors targeting the tyrosinase enzyme as potential anti-melanoma agents due to the importance of this enzyme in melanogenesis biosynthesis. Coumarin-based compounds have shown potential activity as anti-melanoma agents and tyrosinase inhibitors. In this study, coumarin-based derivatives were designed, synthesized, and experimentally evaluated upon tyrosinase. Compound FN-19, a coumarin-thiosemicarbazone analog, exhibited potent anti-tyrosinase activity, with an IC50 value of 42.16 ± 5.16 µM, being more active than ascorbic acid and kojic acid, both reference inhibitors. The kinetic study showed that FN-19 acts as a mixed inhibitor. Still, for this compound, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to determine the stability of the complex with tyrosinase, generating RMSD, RMSF, and interaction plots. Additionally, docking studies were performed to elucidate the binding pose at the tyrosinase, suggesting that the hydroxyl group of coumarin derivative performs coordinate bonds (bidentate) with the copper(II) ions at distances ranging from 2.09 to 2.61 Å. Then, MM/PBSA calculations revealed that van der Waals interactions are the most relevant intermolecular forces for complex stabilization. Furthermore, it was observed that FN-19 has a binding energy (ΔEMM) value similar to tropolone, a tyrosinase inhibitor. Therefore, the data obtained in this study will be useful for designing and developing novel coumarin-based analogs targeting the tyrosinase enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jéssica Alves Nunes
- Biological and Molecular Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, AC Simões Campus, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, s/n, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil (E.F.d.S.-J.)
| | - Rodrigo Santos Aquino de Araújo
- Laboratory of Synthesis and Drug Delivery, Department of Biological Sciences, State University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58429-500, Paraíba, Brazil
| | - Fabrícia Nunes da Silva
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Synthesis, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca, Manoel Severino Barbosa Avenue, Arapiraca 57309-005, Alagoas, Brazil
| | - Joanna Cytarska
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Z. Łączkowski
- Department of Chemical Technology and Pharmaceuticals, Faculty of Pharmacy, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Jurasza 2, 85-089 Bydgoszcz, Poland
| | - Sílvia Helena Cardoso
- Laboratory of Organic and Medicinal Synthesis, Federal University of Alagoas, Campus Arapiraca, Manoel Severino Barbosa Avenue, Arapiraca 57309-005, Alagoas, Brazil
| | | | - Edeildo Ferreira da Silva-Júnior
- Biological and Molecular Chemistry Research Group, Institute of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Federal University of Alagoas, AC Simões Campus, Lourival Melo Mota Avenue, s/n, Maceió 57072-970, Alagoas, Brazil (E.F.d.S.-J.)
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25
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Tyrosinase-triggered formation of fluorescent pigments based on Y-peptide. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2023.130932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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26
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Buitrago E, Faure C, Carotti M, Bergantino E, Hardré R, Maresca M, Philouze C, Vanthuyne N, Boumendjel A, Bubacco L, du Moulinet d'Hardemare A, Jamet H, Réglier M, Belle C. Exploiting HOPNO-dicopper center interaction to development of inhibitors for human tyrosinase. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 248:115090. [PMID: 36634457 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
In human, Tyrosinase enzyme (TyH) is involved in the key steps of protective pigments biosynthesis (in skin, eyes and hair). The use of molecules targeting its binuclear copper active site represents a relevant strategy to regulate TyH activities. In this work, we targeted 2-Hydroxypyridine-N-oxide analogs (HOPNO, an established chelating group for the tyrosinase dicopper active site) with the aim to combine effects induced by combination with a reference inhibitor (kojic acid) or natural substrate (tyrosine). The HOPNO-MeOH (3) and the racemic amino acid HOPNO-AA compounds (11) were tested on purified tyrosinases from different sources (fungal, bacterial and human) for comparison purposes. Both compounds have more potent inhibitory activities than the parent HOPNO moiety and display strictly competitive inhibition constant, in particular with human tyrosinase. Furthermore, 11 appears to be the most active on the B16-F1 mammal melanoma cells. The investigations were completed by stereospecificity analysis. Racemic mixture of the fully protected amino acid 10 was separated by chiral HPLC into the corresponding enantiomers. Assignment of the absolute configuration of the deprotected compounds was completed, based on X-ray crystallography. The inhibition activities on melanin production were tested on lysates and whole human melanoma MNT-1 cells. Results showed significant enhancement of the inhibitory effects for the (S) enantiomer compared to the (R) enantiomer. Computational studies led to an explanation of this difference of activity based for both enantiomers on the respective position of the amino acid group versus the HOPNO plane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina Buitrago
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5250, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France; University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5063, DPM CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Clarisse Faure
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5250, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Marcello Carotti
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Elisabetta Bergantino
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Renaud Hardré
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Marc Maresca
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Christian Philouze
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5250, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Nicolas Vanthuyne
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Ahcène Boumendjel
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5063, DPM CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Luigi Bubacco
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Via Ugo Bassi 58b, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Hélène Jamet
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5250, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France
| | - Marius Réglier
- Aix Marseille University, CNRS, Centrale Marseille, iSm2, Marseille, France
| | - Catherine Belle
- University of Grenoble Alpes, CNRS-UGA UMR 5250, DCM, CS 40700, 38058, Grenoble, Cedex 9, France.
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27
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Al-Ajalein AHAS, Shafie MH, Yap PG, Kassim MA, Naharudin I, Wong TW, Gan CY. Microwave-assisted extraction of polysaccharide from Cinnamomum cassia with anti-hyperpigmentation properties: Optimization and characterization studies. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 226:321-335. [PMID: 36502951 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The anti-hyperpigmentation effect and tyrosinase inhibitory mechanism of cinnamon polysaccharides have not been reported. The current study focused on the extraction of polysaccharides from Cinnamomum cassia bark using microwave-assisted approach and optimization of the extraction process (i.e., microwave power, irradiation time and buffer-to-sample ratio) by Box-Behnken design to obtain a high yield of polysaccharides with high sun protection factor (SPF), anti-hyperpigmentation and antioxidant activities. The extracted pectic-polysaccharides had low molecular weight and degree of esterification. The optimal extraction process had polysaccharides characterized by (a) monophenolase inhibitory activity = 97.5 %; (b) diphenolase inhibitory activity = 99.4 %; (c) ferric reducing antioxidant power = 4.4 mM; (d) SPF = 6.1; (e) yield = 13.7 %. The SPF, tyrosinase inhibitory and antioxidant activities were primarily contributed by the polysaccharides. In conclusion, the polysaccharides from C. cassia could be an alternative therapeutic source for skin hyperpigmentation treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Al-Hareth AbdulRaheem Salem Al-Ajalein
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, University Innovation Incubator Building, SAINS@USM Campus, Lebuh Bukit Jambul, Bayan Lepas, Penang 11900, Malaysia
| | - Muhammad Hakimin Shafie
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, University Innovation Incubator Building, SAINS@USM Campus, Lebuh Bukit Jambul, Bayan Lepas, Penang 11900, Malaysia.
| | - Pei-Gee Yap
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, University Innovation Incubator Building, SAINS@USM Campus, Lebuh Bukit Jambul, Bayan Lepas, Penang 11900, Malaysia
| | - Mohd Asyraf Kassim
- Bioprocess Division, School of Industrial Technology, Universiti Sains Malaysia, USM, Penang 11800, Malaysia.
| | - Idanawati Naharudin
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia.
| | - Tin-Wui Wong
- Non-Destructive Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Research Centre, Smart Manufacturing Research Institute, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia; Particle Design Research Group, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Puncak Alam, Selangor 42300, Malaysia.
| | - Chee-Yuen Gan
- Analytical Biochemistry Research Centre (ABrC), Universiti Sains Malaysia, University Innovation Incubator Building, SAINS@USM Campus, Lebuh Bukit Jambul, Bayan Lepas, Penang 11900, Malaysia.
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28
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Kipouros I, Solomon EI. New mechanistic insights into coupled binuclear copper monooxygenases from the recent elucidation of the ternary intermediate of tyrosinase. FEBS Lett 2023; 597:65-78. [PMID: 36178078 PMCID: PMC9839588 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Tyrosinase is the most predominant member of the coupled binuclear copper (CBC) protein family. The recent trapping and spectroscopic definition of the elusive catalytic ternary intermediate (enzyme/O2 /monophenol) of tyrosinase dictates a monooxygenation mechanism that revises previous proposals and involves cleavage of the μ-η2 :η2 -peroxide dicopper(II) O-O bond to accept the phenolic proton, followed by monophenolate coordination to copper concomitant with aromatic hydroxylation by the non-protonated μ-oxo. Here, we compare and contrast previously proposed and current mechanistic models for monophenol monooxygenation of tyrosinase. Next, we discuss how these recent insights provide new opportunities towards uncovering structure-function relationships in CBC enzymes, as well as understanding fundamental principles for O2 activation and reactivity by bioinorganic active sites.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edward I Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, CA, USA
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, CA, USA
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29
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Jia D, Shen Y, Zhang X, Wang Y, Su R, Qi W. Colorful Pigments Based on Multicomponent Metal‐Phenol Network Nanoparticles for Hair Dyeing. ChemistrySelect 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202203886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Dongshuang Jia
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Yuhe Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Xuelin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Rongxin Su
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
| | - Wei Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering School of Chemical Engineering and Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin) Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology Tianjin University Tianjin 300072 P. R. China
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30
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Muñoz-Pina S, Duch-Calabuig A, Ruiz De Assín David E, Ros-Lis JV, Amorós P, Argüelles Á, Andrés A. Bioactive compounds and enzymatic browning inhibition in cloudy apple juice by a new magnetic UVM-7-SH mesoporous material. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112073. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2022] [Revised: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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31
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Modifying a bacterial tyrosinase zymogen for use in protease activity assays. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 106:8285-8294. [PMID: 36404357 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-022-12284-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Revised: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Current clinical laboratory assays are not sufficient for determining the activity of many specific human proteases yet. In this study, we developed a general approach that enables the determination of activities of caspase-3 based on the proteolytic activation of the engineered zymogen of the recombinant tyrosinase from Verrucomicrobium spinosum (Vs-tyrosinase) by detecting the diphenolase activity in an increase in absorbance at 475 nm. Here, we designed three different zymogen constructs of Vs-tyrosinase, including RSL-pre-pro-TYR, Pre-pro-TYR, and Pro-TYR. The active domain was fused to the reactive site loop (RSL) of α1-proteinase inhibitor and/or its own signal peptide (pre) and/or its own C-terminal domain (pro) via a linker containing a specific caspase-3 cleavage site. Further studies revealed that both RSL peptide and TAT signal peptide were able to inhibit tyrosinase diphenolase activity, in which RSL-pre-pro-TYR had the lowest background signals. Therefore, a specific protease activity such as caspase-3 could be detected when a suitable zymogen was established. Our results could provide a new way to directly detect the activities of key human proteases, for instance, to monitor the efficacy and safety of tumor therapy by determining the activity of apoptosis-related caspase-3 in patients. KEY POINTS: • RSL inhibited the activity of Verrucomicrobium spinosum tyrosinase. • N-pre and C-terminal domain exerted stronger dual inhibition on the Vs-tyrosinase. • The activity of caspase-3 could be measured by the zymogen activation system.
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32
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Daugavet MA, Dobrynina MI, Shaposhnikova TG, Solovyeva AI, Mittenberg AG, Shabelnikov SV, Babkina IY, Grinchenko AV, Ilyaskina DV, Podgornaya OI. New putative phenol oxidase in ascidian blood cells. Sci Rep 2022; 12:14326. [PMID: 35995990 PMCID: PMC9395347 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-18283-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenol oxidase system is ancient and ubiquitously distributed in all living organisms. In various groups it serves for the biosynthesis of pigments and neurotransmitters (dopamine), defence reactions and tissue hardening. Ascidians belong to subphylum Tunicata, which is considered the closest living relative to Vertebrates. Two phenol oxidases previously described for ascidians are vertebrate-like and arthropod-like phenol oxidases. In our present study, we described a new ascidian protein, Tuphoxin, with putative phenol oxidase function, which bears no sequence similarity with two enzymes described previously. The closest related proteins to Tuphoxin are mollusc haemocyanins. Unlike haemocyanins, which are oxygen transporting plasma proteins, Tuphoxin is synthesised in ascidian blood cells and secreted in the extracellular matrix of the tunic—ascidian outer coverings. Single mature transcript coding for this phenol oxidase can give several protein products of different sizes. Thus limited proteolysis of the initial protein is suggested. A unique feature of Tuphoxins and their homologues among Tunicata is the presence of thrombospondin first type repeats (TSP1) domain in their sequence which is supposed to provide interaction with extracellular matrix. The finding of TSP1 in the structure of phenol oxidases is new and we consider this to be an innovation of Tunicata evolutionary lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M A Daugavet
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.
| | - M I Dobrynina
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | | | - A I Solovyeva
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Zoological Institute of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A G Mittenberg
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - S V Shabelnikov
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - I Yu Babkina
- Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - A V Grinchenko
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, Russia
| | - D V Ilyaskina
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Vladivostok, Russia.,Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - O I Podgornaya
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, Russia.,Saint-Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
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33
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Ghani U. Azole inhibitors of mushroom and human tyrosinases: Current advances and prospects of drug development for melanogenic dermatological disorders. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 239:114525. [PMID: 35717871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/05/2022] [Accepted: 06/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Azoles are a famous and promising class of drugs for treatment of a range of ailments especially fungal infections. A wide variety of azole derivatives are also known to exhibit tyrosinase inhibition, some of which possess promising activity with potential for treatment of dermatological disorders such as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation, nevus, flecks, melasma, and melanoma. Recently, thiazolyl-resorcinol derivatives have demonstrated potent human tyrosinase inhibition with a safe and effective therapeutic profile for treatment of skin hyperpigmentation in humans, which are currently under clinical trials. If approved these derivatives would be the first azole drugs to be used for treatment of skin hyperpigmentation. Although the scientific literature has been witnessing general reviews on tyrosinase inhibitors to date, there is none that specifically and comprehensively discusses azole inhibitors of tyrosinase. Appreciating such potential of azoles, this focused review highlights a wide range of their derivatives with promising mushroom and human tyrosinase inhibitory activities and clinical potential for treatment of melanogenic dermatological disorders. Presently, these disorders have been treated with kojic acid, hydroquinone and other drugs, the design and development of which are based on their ability to inhibit mushroom tyrosinase. The active sites of mushroom and human tyrosinases carry structural differences which affect substrate or inhibitor binding. For this reason, kojic acid and other drugs pose efficacy and safety issues since they were originally developed using mushroom tyrosinase and have been clinically used on human tyrosinase. Design and development of tyrosinase inhibitors should be based on human tyrosinase, however, there are challenges in obtaining the human enzyme and understanding its structure and function. The review discusses these challenges that encompass structural and functional differences between mushroom and human tyrosinases and the manner in which they are inhibited. The review also gauges promising azole derivatives with potential for development of drugs against skin hyperpigmentation by analyzing and comparing their tyrosinase inhibitory activities against mushroom and human tyrosinases, computational data, and clinical profile where available. It aims to lay groundwork for development of new azole drugs for treatment of skin hyperpigmentation, melanoma, and related dermatological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Usman Ghani
- Clinical Biochemistry Unit, Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, 12372, Saudi Arabia.
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Antioxidant and antityrosinase activity of extractable condensed tannins from durian shells with antibrowning effect in fresh-cut asparagus lettuce model. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2022.113423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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The Relationship between the IC50 Values and the Apparent Inhibition Constant in the Study of Inhibitors of Tyrosinase Diphenolase Activity Helps Confirm the Mechanism of Inhibition. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103141. [PMID: 35630619 PMCID: PMC9142954 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase is the enzyme involved in melanization and is also responsible for the browning of fruits and vegetables. Control of its activity can be carried out using inhibitors, which is interesting in terms of quantitatively understanding the action of these regulators. In the study of the inhibition of the diphenolase activity of tyrosinase, it is intriguing to know the strength and type of inhibition. The strength is indicated by the value of the inhibition constant(s), and the type can be, in a first approximation: competitive, non-competitive, uncompetitive and mixed. In this work, it is proposed to calculate the degree of inhibition (iD), varying the concentration of inhibitor to a fixed concentration of substrate, L-dopa (D). The non-linear regression adjustment of iD with respect to the initial inhibitor concentration [I]0 allows for the calculation of the inhibitor concentration necessary to inhibit the activity by 50%, at a given substrate concentration (IC50), thus avoiding making interpolations between different values of iD. The analytical expression of the IC50, for the different types of inhibition, are related to the apparent inhibition constant (KIapp). Therefore, this parameter can be used: (a) To classify a series of inhibitors of an enzyme by their power. Determining these values at a fixed substrate concentration, the lower IC50, the more potent the inhibitor. (b) Checking an inhibitor for which the type and the inhibition constant have been determined (using the usual methods), must confirm the IC50 value according to the corresponding analytical expression. (c) The type and strength of an inhibitor can be analysed from the study of the variation in iD and IC50 with substrate concentration. The dependence of IC50 on the substrate concentration allows us to distinguish between non-competitive inhibition (iD does not depend on [D]0) and the rest. In the case of competitive inhibition, this dependence of iD on [D]0 leads to an ambiguity between competitive inhibition and type 1 mixed inhibition. This is solved by adjusting the data to the possible equations; in the case of a competitive inhibitor, the calculation of KI1app is carried out from the IC50 expression. The same occurs with uncompetitive inhibition and type 2 mixed inhibition. The representation of iD vs. n, with n=[D]0/KmD, allows us to distinguish between them. A hyperbolic iD vs. n representation that passes through the origin of coordinates is a characteristic of uncompetitive inhibition; the calculation of KI2app is immediate from the IC50 value. In the case of mixed inhibitors, the values of the apparent inhibition constant of meta-tyrosinase (Em) and oxy-tyrosinase (Eox), KI1app and the apparent inhibition constant of metatyrosinase/Dopa complexes (EmD) and oxytyrosinase/Dopa (EoxD), KI2app are obtained from the dependence of iD vs. n, and the results obtained must comply with the IC50 value.
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Fedoretz-Maxwell BP, Shin CH, MacNeil GA, Worrall LJ, Park R, Strynadka NCJ, Walsby CJ, Warren JJ. The Impact of Second Coordination Sphere Methionine-Aromatic Interactions in Copper Proteins. Inorg Chem 2022; 61:5563-5571. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.2c00030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brooklyn P. Fedoretz-Maxwell
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Catherine H. Shin
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Gregory A. MacNeil
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Liam J. Worrall
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Rachel Park
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Natalie C. J. Strynadka
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Centre for Blood Research, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Charles J. Walsby
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
| | - Jeffrey J. Warren
- Department of Chemistry, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, British Columbia V5A 1S6, Canada
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Kipouros I, Stańczak A, Culka M, Andris E, Machonkin TR, Rulíšek L, Solomon EI. Evidence for H-bonding interactions to the μ-η 2:η 2-peroxide of oxy-tyrosinase that activate its coupled binuclear copper site. Chem Commun (Camb) 2022; 58:3913-3916. [PMID: 35237779 PMCID: PMC8966618 DOI: 10.1039/d2cc00750a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The factors that control the diverse reactivity of the μ-η2:η2-peroxo dicopper(II) oxy-intermediates in the coupled binuclear copper proteins remain elusive. Here, spectroscopic and computational methods reveal H-bonding interactions between active-site waters and the μ-η2:η2-peroxide of oxy-tyrosinase, and define their effects on the Cu(II)2O2 electronic structure and O2 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Kipouros
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
| | - Agnieszka Stańczak
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10, Praha 6, Czech Republic.
- Faculty of Science, Charles University, Albertov 2038/6, 128 00 Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Culka
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10, Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Erik Andris
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10, Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | | | - Lubomír Rulíšek
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Flemingovo náměstí 2, 166 10, Praha 6, Czech Republic.
| | - Edward I Solomon
- Department of Chemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Stanford University, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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Chen X, Shuai D, Han Y, Luo D, Wang L, Chen B. Polyoxometalates as Potential Next‐Generation Metallodrugs in the melanogenesis inhibitor. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.202100319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Li Wang
- Jimei University fisheries college Yindou Road 43 Jimei, Xiamen 361021 Xiamen CHINA
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Muñoz-Pina S, Duch-Calabuig A, Ros-Lis JV, Verdejo B, García-España E, Argüelles Á, Andrés A. A tetraazahydroxypyridinone derivative as inhibitor of apple juice enzymatic browning and oxidation. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2021.112778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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40
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Considerations about the kinetic mechanism of tyrosinase in its action on monophenols: A review. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.112072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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41
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Cinnamic acid derivatives linked to arylpiperazines as novel potent inhibitors of tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis. Eur J Med Chem 2022; 231:114147. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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Chen X, Shuai D, Jiang Z, Yang H, Luo D, Ni H, Wang L, Chen B. Study on the Regulation and Mechanism of the Vanadium Substituted Polyoxometalates of H 6[P 2Mo 18O 62] on Melanogenesis of Mouse Melanoma Cell B16. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a21110528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Lee KE, Bharadwaj S, Sahoo AK, Yadava U, Kang SG. Determination of tyrosinase-cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and (-/+)-catechin binding modes reveal mechanistic differences in tyrosinase inhibition. Sci Rep 2021; 11:24494. [PMID: 34969954 PMCID: PMC8718538 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-03569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tyrosinase, exquisitely catalyzes the phenolic compounds into brown or black pigment, inhibition is used as a treatment for dermatological or neurodegenerative disorders. Natural products, such as cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and (-/+)-catechin, are considered safe and non-toxic food additives in tyrosinase inhibition but their ambiguous inhibitory mechanism against tyrosinase is still elusive. Thus, we presented the mechanistic insights into tyrosinase with cyanidin-3-O-glucoside and (-/+)-catechin using computational simulations and in vitro assessment. Initial molecular docking results predicted ideal docked poses (- 9.346 to - 5.795 kcal/mol) for tyrosinase with selected flavonoids. Furthermore, 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations and post-simulation analysis of docked poses established their stability and oxidation of flavonoids as substrate by tyrosinase. Particularly, metal chelation via catechol group linked with the free 3-OH group on the unconjugated dihydropyran heterocycle chain was elucidated to contribute to tyrosinase inhibition by (-/+)-catechin against cyanidin-3-O-glucoside. Also, predicted binding free energy using molecular mechanics/generalized Born surface area for each docked pose was consistent with in vitro enzyme inhibition for both mushroom and murine tyrosinases. Conclusively, (-/+)-catechin was observed for substantial tyrosinase inhibition and advocated for further investigation for drug development against tyrosinase-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung Eun Lee
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
- Stemforce, 313 Institute of Industrial Technology, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
| | - Shiv Bharadwaj
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
- Laboratory of Ligand Engineering, Institute of Biotechnology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, BIOCEV Research Center, Vestec, Czech Republic.
| | - Amaresh Kumar Sahoo
- Department of Applied Sciences, Indian Institute of Information Technology Allahabad, Allahabad, 211015, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Umesh Yadava
- Department of Physics, Deen Dayal Upadhyay Gorakhpur University, Gorakhpur, India.
| | - Sang Gu Kang
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biotechnology, College of Life and Applied Sciences, Yeungnam University, 280 Daehak-Ro, Gyeongsan, 38541, Gyeongbuk, Korea.
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Kowalska J, Banach K, Beberok A, Rok J, Rzepka Z, Wrześniok D. The Biochemical and Molecular Analysis of Changes in Melanogenesis Induced by UVA-Activated Fluoroquinolones-In Vitro Study on Human Normal Melanocytes. Cells 2021; 10:cells10112900. [PMID: 34831123 PMCID: PMC8616096 DOI: 10.3390/cells10112900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fluoroquinolones cause phototoxic reactions, manifested as different types of skin lesions, including hyperpigmentation. The disturbances of melanogenesis indicate that fluoroquinolones may affect cellular processes in melanocytes. It has been reported that these antibiotics may bind with melanin and accumulate in pigmented cells. The study aimed to examine the changes in melanogenesis in human normal melanocytes exposed to UVA radiation and treated with lomefloxacin and moxifloxacin, the most and the least fluoroquinolone, respectively. The obtained results demonstrated that both tested fluoroquinolones inhibited melanogenesis through a decrease in tyrosinase activity and down-regulation of tyrosinase and microphthalmia-associated transcription factor production. Only lomefloxacin potentiated UVA-induced melanogenesis. Under UVA irradiation lomefloxacin significantly enhanced melanin content and tyrosinase activity in melanocytes, although the drug did not cause an increased expression of tyrosinase or microphthalmia-associated transcription factor. The current studies revealed that phototoxic activity of fluoroquinolones is associated with alterations in the melanogenesis process. The difference in phototoxic potential of fluoroquinolones derivatives may be connected with various effects on UVA-induced events at a cellular level.
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Ahmed I, Chen H, Li J, Wang B, Li Z, Huang G. Enzymatic crosslinking and food allergenicity: A comprehensive review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2021; 20:5856-5879. [PMID: 34653307 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Food allergy has become a major global public health concern. In the past decades, enzymatic crosslinking technique has been employed to mitigate the immunoreactivity of food allergens. It is an emerging non-thermal technique that can serve as a great alternative to conventional food processing approaches in developing hypoallergenic food products, owing to their benefits of high specificity and selectivity. Enzymatic crosslinking via tyrosinase (TYR), laccase (LAC), peroxidase (PO), and transglutaminase (TG) modifies the structural and biochemical properties of food allergens that subsequently cause denaturation and masking of the antigenic epitopes. LAC, TYR, and PO catalyze the oxidation of tyrosine side chains to initiate protein crosslinking, while TG initiates isopeptide bonding between lysine and glutamine residues. Enzymatic treatment produces a high molecular weight crosslinked polymer with reduced immunoreactivity and IgE-binding potential. Crosslinked allergens further inhibit mast cell degranulation due to the lower immunostimulatory potential that assists in the equilibration of T-helper (Th)1/Th2 immunobalance. This review provides an updated overview of the studies carried out in the last decade on the potential application of enzymatic crosslinking for mitigating food allergenicity that can be of importance in the context of developing hypoallergenic/non-allergenic food products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ishfaq Ahmed
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, P. R. China
| | - Huan Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, P. R. China
| | - Jiale Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, P. R. China
| | - Bin Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, P. R. China
| | - Zhenxing Li
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, P. R. China
| | - Gonghua Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Diagnostics, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, P. R. China
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Ghorbanian N, Mousavi A, Marefatjoo MJ, Ghofrani NS, Lohrasebi T, Haghbeen K. Toward more specific inhibitor for Solanum tuberosum polyphenol oxidase through a structural insight into its activities and inhibition. J Food Biochem 2021; 45:e13949. [PMID: 34558084 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
To prevent enzymatic browning, applying a polyphenol oxidase (PPO) inhibitor is more desirable, especially when the freshness of the product matters. Most of the inhibition studies were done on mushroom tyrosinase (MT) while the literature indicates that MT and PPO of Solanum tuberosum (PPOsol ) respond differently to the same modulator despite their similar active sites. This research was conducted to deepen our knowledge about PPOsol and introduce a more specific inhibitor for this enzyme to be used in controlling the enzymatic browning of potatoes. A modified procedure was developed for PPOsol purification. The enzyme was subjected to some essential physicochemical and kinetics studies. In parallel to the comparable physicochemical properties, homology modeling revealed high structural similarity between Solanum lycopersicum PPO (PPOsly ) and PPOsol except for their active site pockets. Accordingly, PPOsol showed 5.1- and 34-fold higher affinity toward chlorogenic acid compared with two PPOsly isozymes. Alike PPOsly , PPOsol showed monophenolase activity but it was inactive toward L-tyrosine and p-coumaric acid. Based on structural criteria, phthalic acid, cinnamic acid, ferulic acid, and vanillin were selected and thoroughly examined for inhibition of the catecholase activity of PPOsol . Although all these substances inhibited PPOsol in mixed-inhibition mode, the results were strongly in favor of vanillin with IC50 < 1.37 mM and Ki < 1.2 mM. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: There are subtle structural differences in the active site pockets of polyphenol oxidase (PPOs) of various fruits, vegetables, and crops. Consequently, to introduce an efficient inhibitor for hindering enzymatic browning of crop products, it is essential to have detailed knowledge about the structure and activity of its PPO as the main player of this undesirable phenomenon. Results of this study not only shed light on the physicochemical properties of PPOsol but can also be used in making various formulations for safe controlling enzymatic browning of potatoes, especially fresh-cut and minimally processed products, and similar crops products during postharvest and the processes of products preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narges Ghorbanian
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amir Mousavi
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | | | | | - Tahmineh Lohrasebi
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kamahldin Haghbeen
- National Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
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Considerations about the Continuous Assay Methods, Spectrophotometric and Spectrofluorometric, of the Monophenolase Activity of Tyrosinase. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091269. [PMID: 34572482 PMCID: PMC8465126 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
With the purpose to obtain the more useful tyrosinase assay for the monophenolase activity of tyrosinase between the spectrofluorometric and spectrophotometric continuous assays, simulated assays were made by means of numerical integration of the equations that characterize the mechanism of monophenolase activity. These assays showed that the rate of disappearance of monophenol (VssM,M) is equal to the rate of accumulation of dopachrome (VssM,DC) or to the rate of accumulation of its oxidized adduct, originated by the nucleophilic attack on o-quinone by a nucleophile such as 3-methyl-2-benzothiazolinone (MBTH), (VssM, A−ox), despite the existence of coupled reactions. It is shown that the spectrophotometric methods that use MBTH are more useful, as they do not have the restrictions of the L-tyrosine disappearance measurement method, of working at pH = 8 and not having a linear response from 100 μM of L-tyrosine. It is possible to obtain low LODM (limit of detection of the monophenolase activity) values with spectrophotometric methods. The spectrofluorimetric methods had a lower LODM than spectrophotometric methods. In the case of 4-hydroxyphenil-propionic acid, the LODM obtained by us was 0.25 U/mL. Considering the relative sensitivities of 4-hydroxyanisole, compared with 4-hydroxyphenil-propionic acid, LODM values like those obtained by fluorescent methods would be expected.
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Shen Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Qi W, Su R, He Z. Colorful Pigments for Hair Dyeing Based on Enzymatic Oxidation of Tyrosine Derivatives. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:34851-34864. [PMID: 34260221 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c06881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Melanin exists widely in nature and can afford a variety of colors from black to brown and red according to chemical structure differences and specific mixtures. Inspired by nature, this work reports that tyrosine derivatives with different protecting groups at its N- or C-terminal can be enzymatically oxidized into melanin-like pigments with a wide range of colors. The emergence of colorful pigments can be attributed to the incomplete enzymatic oxidation and polymerization caused by the chemical premodification of the tyrosine molecule. The pigments can be deposited on the surface of the hair to obtain a series of colorful and saturated hair dye effects. Moreover, after the pigments were coated on the hair, we can further deposit silver nanoparticles through in situ reduction, making these coatings have anti-inflammatory and antibacterial potential, thereby expanding their potential use for people with low immunity or those who work in hospitals. This work proposes a green and effective way to synthesize colorful pigments with great potential applications in the hair dying and cosmetic industries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhe Shen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Jiayu Liu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Wei Qi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Rongxin Su
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Membrane Science and Desalination Technology, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
| | - Zhimin He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, P. R. China
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Tyrosinase Inhibitors from the Stems of Streblus Ilicifolius. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2021; 2021:5561176. [PMID: 34306141 PMCID: PMC8266447 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5561176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Two new stilbene derivatives, named strebluses C and D, were isolated from the EtOAc-soluble fraction of the stems of Streblus ilicifolius (Moraceae). Its absolute configuration was elucidated based on NMR spectroscopic data interpretation and optical rotation calculation. Streblus C possesses strong tyrosinase inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 0.01 μM. Docking studies of 1 and 2 with oxy-tyrosinase were carried out to analyze their interactions. The analysis of the docked poses confirmed that 1 showed better binding affinity for oxy-tyrosinase than that of 2.
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Panis F, Krachler RF, Krachler R, Rompel A. Expression, Purification, and Characterization of a Well-Adapted Tyrosinase from Peatlands Identified by Partial Community Analysis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2021; 55:11445-11454. [PMID: 34156250 PMCID: PMC8375020 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.1c02514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In peatlands, bacterial tyrosinases (TYRs) are proposed to act as key regulators of carbon storage by removing phenolic compounds, which inhibit the degradation of organic carbon. Historically, TYR activity has been blocked by anoxia resulting from persistent waterlogging; however, recent events of prolonged summer drought have boosted TYR activity and, consequently, the release of carbon stored in the form of organic compounds from peatlands. Since 30% of the global soil carbon stock is stored in peatlands, a profound understanding of the production and activity of TYRs is essential to assess the impact of carbon dioxide emitted from peatlands on climate change. TYR partial sequences identified by degenerated primers suggest a versatile TYR enzyme community naturally present in peatlands, which is produced by a phylogenetically diverse spectrum of bacteria, including Proteobacteria and Actinobacteria. One full-length sequence of an extracellular TYR (SzTYR) identified from a soda-rich inland salt marsh has been heterologously expressed and purified. SzTYR exhibits a molecular mass of 30 891.8 Da and shows a pH optimum of 9.0. Spectroscopic studies and kinetic investigations characterized SzTYR as a tyrosinase and proved its activity toward monophenols (coumaric acid), diphenols (caffeic acid, protocatechuic acid), and triphenols (gallic acid) naturally present in peatlands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Panis
- Universität
Wien, Fakultät
für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Rudolf F. Krachler
- Fakultät
für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Wien, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Regina Krachler
- Fakultät
für Chemie, Institut für Anorganische Chemie, Universität Wien, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Annette Rompel
- Universität
Wien, Fakultät
für Chemie, Institut für Biophysikalische Chemie, Althanstraße 14, 1090 Wien, Austria
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