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Wang YR, Feng B, Qi WB, Gong YW, Kong XB, Cheng H, Dong ZL, Tian JQ, Wang ZP. Safety of low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy in prostate disorders: in vitro and in vivo evidence. Asian J Androl 2024; 26:535-543. [PMID: 39107962 PMCID: PMC11449405 DOI: 10.4103/aja202448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 09/03/2024] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Recent evidence suggests that low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) is a promising treatment for chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome (CP/CPPS); however, its safety in pelvic organs, particularly prostate tissues and cells, remains unclear. The current study evaluates the risks of prostate cell damage or oncogenesis following the administration of Li-ESWT for prostatitis. To this end, a robust in vitro model (Cell Counting Kit-8 [CCK-8] assay, clone formation assay, cell scratch assay, lactate dehydrogenase [LDH] release assay, flow cytometry, and immunoblotting assay) was designed to examine the effects of Li-ESWT on cell proliferation, clonogenicity, migration, membrane integrity, and DNA damage. Exome sequencing of Li-ESWT-treated cells was performed to determine the risk of carcinogenesis. Furthermore, an in vivo rat model ( n = 20) was employed to assess the effects of Li-ESWT on cancer biomarkers (carcinoembryonic antigen [CEA], Ki67, proliferating cell nuclear antigen [PCNA], and gamma-H2A histone family member X, phosphorylation of the H2AX Ser-139 [ γ -H2AX]) in prostate tissue. Based on our findings, Li-ESWT promotes cellular growth and motility without inducing significant cell membrane or DNA damage or alterations. Genetic analyses did not demonstrate an increase in mutations, and no damage to prostate tissue or upregulation of cancer biomarkers was detected in vivo. This comprehensive in vitro and in vivo assessment confirms the safety of Li-ESWT in managing prostate disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Ran Wang
- Institute of Urology, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bin Feng
- Department of Urology, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Wen-Bo Qi
- Department of Radiotherapy, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450000, China
| | - Yu-Wen Gong
- Institute of Urology, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiang-Bin Kong
- Institute of Urology, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- Department of Urology, Gansu Provincial Second People’s Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhi-Long Dong
- Institute of Urology, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jun-Qiang Tian
- Institute of Urology, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhi-Ping Wang
- Institute of Urology, Gansu Province Clinical Research Center for Urinary System Disease, The Second Hospital and Clinical Medical School, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Kapetanios V, Lampraki M, Georgoulias G, Kasdaglis S, Kliafas S, Gkavra N, Xountasi M, Tsilivakos V, Leventopoulos M. Correlation between hysteroscopic features and specific microbial species in women with chronic endometritis. Heliyon 2024; 10:e30259. [PMID: 38711647 PMCID: PMC11070820 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e30259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective and rationale Chronic endometritis (CE) has recently been associated with unexplained infertility and recurrent miscarriages. The current gold standard for CE detection is histopathological examination. However, office hysteroscopy and endometrial cultures are also significant, due to the possible link between CE and various microorganisms. Bacterial colonization of the endometrium has been associated with reduced success rates of in vitro fertilisation embryo transfer. Few studies have tried to correlate CE hysteroscopy findings with pathogenic microorganisms. This prospective cohort study sought to establish whether hysteroscopic diagnostic lesions correlate with specific microbial species. Methods The study encompassed women undergoing diagnostic tests for a range of subfertility health issues. 189 women completed the standard office diagnostic hysteroscopy (DH). 181 had also endometrial samples taken for microbial culture investigation. Correlation analysis (χ2 and Fisher's exact test) between hysteroscopic findings suggestive of CE and endometrial cultures was carried out. Logistic regression models were also fitted to measure whether a positive endometrial culture could affect CE conditions. Results A significant association of E. coli was observed between the hysteroscopically characterized CE + group with focal hyperplasia, when compared to the non-CE group. Logistic regression analysis revealed that women positive for E. coli were 4.423 times more likely to have focal endometrial hyperplasia. No other significant correlations were identified between DH and positive endometrial cultures. Conclusions The presence of E. coli in the endometrium was significantly correlated with focal hyperplasia findings from hysteroscopy, emphasizing the importance of microbial cultures in the diagnosis and targeted treatment of CE in women with subfertility.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Lampraki
- Department of Gynecology, Locus Medicus S.A., Athens, Greece
| | | | | | - Stylianos Kliafas
- School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Greece
| | - Nikolaos Gkavra
- School of Applied Mathematical and Physical Sciences, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), Greece
| | - Maria Xountasi
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Locus Medicus S.A., Athens, Greece
| | - Vassilis Tsilivakos
- Department of Cellular Biology and Immunology, Locus Medicus S.A., Athens, Greece
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3
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He H, Luo H, Xu H, Qian B, Zou X, Zhang G, Zeng F, Zou J. Preclinical models and evaluation criteria of prostatitis. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1183895. [PMID: 37228599 PMCID: PMC10203503 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1183895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostatitis is a common urological condition that affects almost half of all men at some point in their life. The prostate gland has a dense nerve supply that contributes to the production of fluid to nourish sperm and the mechanism to switch between urination and ejaculation. Prostatitis can cause frequent urination, pelvic pain, and even infertility. Long-term prostatitis increases the risk of prostate cancer and benign prostate hyperplasia. Chronic non-bacterial prostatitis presents a complex pathogenesis, which has challenged medical research. Experimental studies of prostatitis require appropriate preclinical models. This review aimed to summarize and compare preclinical models of prostatitis based on their methods, success rate, evaluation, and range of application. The objective of this study is to provide a comprehensive understanding of prostatitis and advance basic research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailan He
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui Luo
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Hui Xu
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Biao Qian
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Guoxi Zhang
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fei Zeng
- The First Clinical College, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
| | - Junrong Zou
- Department of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Institute of Urology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
- Department of Urology, Jiangxi Engineering Technology Research Center of Calculi Prevention, Ganzhou, Jiangxi, China
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4
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Basak D, Gregori L, Johora F, Deb S. Preclinical and Clinical Research Models of Prostate Cancer: A Brief Overview. LIFE (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 12:life12101607. [PMID: 36295041 PMCID: PMC9605520 DOI: 10.3390/life12101607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and mortality from prostate cancer (PCa) are on the rise which poses a major public health concern worldwide. In this narrative review, we have summarized the characteristics of major in vitro and in vivo PCa models including their utility in developing treatment strategies. Androgens, particularly, testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) activate the androgen receptor (AR) signaling pathway that facilitates the development and progression of castration resistant PCa. Several enzymes namely, CYP17A1, HSD17B, and SRD5A are essential to furnishing DHT from dehydroepiandrosterone in the classical pathway while DHT is formed from androstanediol in the backdoor pathway. The advancement in delineating the molecular heterogeneity of PCa has been possible through the development of several in vitro and in vivo research models. Generally, tissue culture models are advantageous to understand PCa biology and investigate the efficacy and toxicity of novel agents; nevertheless, animal models are indispensable to studying the PCa etiology and treatment since they can simulate the tumor microenvironment that plays a central role in initiation and progression of the disease. Moreover, the availability of several genetically engineered mouse models has made it possible to study the metastasis process. However, the conventional models are not devoid of limitations. For example, the lack of heterogeneity in tissue culture models and the variation of metastatic characteristics in xenograft models are obviously challenging. Additionally, due to the racial and ethnic disparities in PCa pathophysiology, a new model that can represent PCa encompassing different ethnicities is urgently needed. New models should continue to evolve to address the genetic and molecular complexities as well as to further elucidate the finer details of the steroidogenic pathway associated with PCa.
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5
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Bleeker J, Wang ZA. Applications of Vertebrate Models in Studying Prostatitis and Inflammation-Associated Prostatic Diseases. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:898871. [PMID: 35865005 PMCID: PMC9294738 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.898871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 06/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
It has long been postulated that the inflammatory environment favors cell proliferation, and is conducive to diseases such as cancer. In the prostate gland, clinical data implicate important roles of prostatitis in the progression of both benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). However, their causal relationships have not been firmly established yet due to unresolved molecular and cellular mechanisms. By accurately mimicking human disease, vertebrate animals provide essential in vivo models to address this question. Here, we review the vertebrate prostatitis models that have been developed and discuss how they may reveal possible mechanisms by which prostate inflammation promotes BPH and PCa. Recent studies, particularly those involving genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs), suggest that such mechanisms are multifaceted, which include epithelium barrier disruption, DNA damage and cell proliferation induced by paracrine signals, and expansion of potential cells of origin for cancer. Future research using rodent prostatitis models should aim to distinguish the etiologies of BPH and PCa, and facilitate the development of novel clinical approaches for prostatic disease prevention.
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6
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Xin S, Sun X, Jin L, Li W, Liu X, Zhou L, Ye L. The Prognostic Signature and Therapeutic Value of Phagocytic Regulatory Factors in Prostate Adenocarcinoma (PRAD). Front Genet 2022; 13:877278. [PMID: 35706452 PMCID: PMC9190300 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.877278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence that phagocytosis regulatory factors (PRFs) play important roles in tumor progression, and therefore, identifying and characterizing these factors is crucial for understanding the mechanisms of cellular phagocytosis in tumorigenesis. Our research aimed to comprehensively characterize PRFs in prostate adenocarcinoma (PRAD) and to screen and determine important PRFs in PRAD which may help to inform tumor prognostic and therapeutic signatures based on these key PRFs. Here, we first systematically described the expression of PRFs in PRAD and evaluated their expression patterns and their prognostic value. We then analyzed prognostic phagocytic factors by Cox and Lasso analysis and constructed a phagocytic factor-mediated risk score. We then divided the samples into two groups with significant differences in overall survival (OS) based on the risk score. Then, we performed correlation analysis between the risk score and clinical features, immune infiltration levels, immune characteristics, immune checkpoint expression, IC50 of several classical sensitive drugs, and immunotherapy efficacy. Finally, the Human Protein Atlas (HPA) database was used to determine the protein expression of 18 PRF characteristic genes. The aforementioned results confirmed that multilayer alterations of PRFs were associated with the prognosis of patients with PRAD and the degree of macrophage infiltration. These findings may provide us with potential new therapies for PRAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Xin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xianchao Sun
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liang Jin
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Weiyi Li
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Urology, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Liqing Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
| | - Lin Ye
- Department of Urology, Shanghai East Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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7
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Vickman RE, Aaron-Brooks L, Zhang R, Lanman NA, Lapin B, Gil V, Greenberg M, Sasaki T, Cresswell GM, Broman MM, Paez JS, Petkewicz J, Talaty P, Helfand BT, Glaser AP, Wang CH, Franco OE, Ratliff TL, Nastiuk KL, Crawford SE, Hayward SW. TNF is a potential therapeutic target to suppress prostatic inflammation and hyperplasia in autoimmune disease. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2133. [PMID: 35440548 PMCID: PMC9018703 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune (AI) diseases can affect many organs; however, the prostate has not been considered to be a primary target of these systemic inflammatory processes. Here, we utilize medical record data, patient samples, and in vivo models to evaluate the impact of inflammation, as seen in AI diseases, on prostate tissue. Human and mouse tissues are used to examine whether systemic targeting of inflammation limits prostatic inflammation and hyperplasia. Evaluation of 112,152 medical records indicates that benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) prevalence is significantly higher among patients with AI diseases. Furthermore, treating these patients with tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-antagonists significantly decreases BPH incidence. Single-cell RNA-seq and in vitro assays suggest that macrophage-derived TNF stimulates BPH-derived fibroblast proliferation. TNF blockade significantly reduces epithelial hyperplasia, NFκB activation, and macrophage-mediated inflammation within prostate tissues. Together, these studies show that patients with AI diseases have a heightened susceptibility to BPH and that reducing inflammation with a therapeutic agent can suppress BPH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renee E Vickman
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, an Academic Affiliate of the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - LaTayia Aaron-Brooks
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, an Academic Affiliate of the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, Nashville, TN, 37208, USA
| | - Renyuan Zhang
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Nadia A Lanman
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Brittany Lapin
- Biostatistics and Research Informatics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Victoria Gil
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, an Academic Affiliate of the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Max Greenberg
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, an Academic Affiliate of the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Takeshi Sasaki
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, an Academic Affiliate of the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
- Department of Nephro-Urologic Surgery and Andrology, Mie University Graduate School of Medicine, Mie, Japan
| | - Gregory M Cresswell
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- GW Cancer Center, The George Washington University, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - Meaghan M Broman
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - J Sebastian Paez
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Jacqueline Petkewicz
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, an Academic Affiliate of the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Pooja Talaty
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, an Academic Affiliate of the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Brian T Helfand
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, an Academic Affiliate of the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Alexander P Glaser
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, an Academic Affiliate of the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Chi-Hsiung Wang
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, an Academic Affiliate of the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
- Biostatistics and Research Informatics, NorthShore University HealthSystem, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Omar E Franco
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, an Academic Affiliate of the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Timothy L Ratliff
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - Kent L Nastiuk
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Genomics, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
- Department of Urology, Roswell Park Comprehensive Cancer Center, Buffalo, NY, 14263, USA
| | - Susan E Crawford
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, an Academic Affiliate of the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA
| | - Simon W Hayward
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem, an Academic Affiliate of the University of Chicago Pritzker School of Medicine, Evanston, IL, 60201, USA.
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8
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Kwon OJ, Zhang B, Jia D, Zhang L, Wei X, Zhou Z, Liu D, Huynh KT, Zhang K, Zhang Y, Labhart P, Sboner A, Barbieri C, Haffner MC, Creighton CJ, Xin L. Elevated expression of the colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1) induces prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia dependent of epithelial-Gp130. Oncogene 2022; 41:1309-1323. [PMID: 34999736 PMCID: PMC8882147 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages are increased in human benign prostatic hyperplasia and prostate cancer. We generate a Pb-Csf1 mouse model with prostate-specific overexpression of macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-Csf/Csf1). Csf1 overexpression promotes immune cell infiltration into the prostate, modulates the macrophage polarity in a lobe-specific manner, and induces senescence and low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN). The Pb-Csf1 prostate luminal cells exhibit increased stem cell features and undergo an epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition. Human prostate cancer patients with high CSF-1 expression display similar transcriptional alterations with the Pb-Csf1 model. P53 knockout alleviates senescence but fails to progress PIN lesions. Ablating epithelial Gp130 but not Il1r1 substantially blocks PIN lesion formation. The androgen receptor (AR) is downregulated in Pb-Csf1 mice. ChIP-Seq analysis reveals altered AR binding in 2482 genes although there is no significant widespread change in global AR transcriptional activity. Collectively, our study demonstrates that increased macrophage infiltration causes PIN formation but fails to transform prostate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oh-Joon Kwon
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Boyu Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Deyong Jia
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Xing Wei
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Zhicheng Zhou
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Deli Liu
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Khoi Trung Huynh
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Kai Zhang
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Yiqun Zhang
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | | | - Andrea Sboner
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chris Barbieri
- Sandra and Edward Meyer Cancer Center and Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael C Haffner
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Chad J Creighton
- Dan L. Duncan Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, 77030, USA
| | - Li Xin
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
- Institute of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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9
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Abstract
The intimate involvement of pathogens with the heightened risk for developing certain cancers is an area of research that has captured a great deal of attention over the last 10 years. One firmly established paradigm that highlights this aspect of disease progression is in the instance of Helicobacter pylori infection and the contribution it makes in elevating the risk for developing gastric cancer. Whilst the molecular mechanisms that pinpoint the contribution that this microorganism inflicts towards host cells during gastric cancer initiation have come into greater focus, another picture that has also emerged is one that implicates the host's immune system, and the chronic inflammation that can arise therefrom, as being a central contributory factor in disease progression. Consequently, when taken with the underlying role that the extracellular matrix plays in the development of most cancers, and how this dynamic can be modulated by proteases expressed from the tumor or inflammatory cells, a complex and detailed relationship shared between the individual cellular components and their surroundings is coming into focus. In this review article, we draw attention to the emerging role played by the cathepsin proteases in modulating the stage-specific progression of Helicobacter pylori-initiated gastric cancer and the underlying immune response, while highlighting the therapeutic significance of this dynamic and how it may be amenable for novel intervention strategies within a basic research or clinical setting.
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10
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Che B, Zhang W, Xu S, Yin J, He J, Huang T, Li W, Yu Y, Tang K. Prostate Microbiota and Prostate Cancer: A New Trend in Treatment. Front Oncol 2021; 11:805459. [PMID: 34956913 PMCID: PMC8702560 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.805459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the incidence and mortality of prostate cancer have gradually begun to decline in the past few years, it is still one of the leading causes of death from malignant tumors in the world. The occurrence and development of prostate cancer are affected by race, family history, microenvironment, and other factors. In recent decades, more and more studies have confirmed that prostate microflora in the tumor microenvironment may play an important role in the occurrence, development, and prognosis of prostate cancer. Microorganisms or their metabolites may affect the occurrence and metastasis of cancer cells or regulate anti-cancer immune surveillance. In addition, the use of tumor microenvironment bacteria in interventional targeting therapy of tumors also shows a unique advantage. In this review, we introduce the pathway of microbiota into prostate cancer, focusing on the mechanism of microorganisms in tumorigenesis and development, as well as the prospect and significance of microorganisms as tumor biomarkers and tumor prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bangwei Che
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Shenghan Xu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jingju Yin
- Department of Stomatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Jun He
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Ying Yu
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kaifa Tang
- Department of Urology, The Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
- Institute of Medical Science of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
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11
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Nascimento-Gonçalves E, Seixas F, Ferreira R, Colaço B, Parada B, Oliveira PA. An overview of the latest in state-of-the-art murine models for prostate cancer. Expert Opin Drug Discov 2021; 16:1349-1364. [PMID: 34224283 DOI: 10.1080/17460441.2021.1943354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Prostate cancer (PCa) is a complex, heterogenous and multifocal disease, which is debilitating for patients and often fatal - due to bone metastasis and castration-resistant cancer. The use of murine models that mimic human disease has been crucial in the development of innovative therapies and for better understanding the mechanisms associated with initiation and progression of PCa. AREAS COVERED This review presents a critical analysis of murine models for the study of PCa, highlighting their strengths, weaknesses and applications. EXPERT OPINION In animal models, disease may not occur exactly as it does in humans, and sometimes the levels of efficacy that certain treatments obtain in animal models cannot be translated into clinical practice. To choose the most appropriate animal model for each research work, it is crucial to understand the anatomical and physiological differences between the mouse and the human prostate, while it is also important to identify biological similarities and differences between murine and human prostate tumors. Although significant progress has already been made, thanks to many years of research and study, the number of new challenges and obstacles to overcome mean there is a long and difficult road still to travel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabete Nascimento-Gonçalves
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.,Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (Laqv-requimte),department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro (UA), Portugal
| | - Fernanda Seixas
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Animal and Veterinary Research Centre (CECAV), UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Rita Ferreira
- Associated Laboratory for Green Chemistry of the Network of Chemistry and Technology (Laqv-requimte),department of Chemistry, University of Aveiro (UA), Portugal
| | - Bruno Colaço
- Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal.,Department of Zootechnics, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal
| | - Belmiro Parada
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra Institute for Clinical and Biomedical Research (Icbr), Coimbra, Portugal.,University of Coimbra, Center for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology (CIBB), Coimbra, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center of Coimbra (CACC), Coimbra, Portugal.,Urology and Renal Transplantation Department, Coimbra University Hospital Centre (CHUC), Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Paula A Oliveira
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (UTAD), Vila Real, Portugal.,Center for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences (CITAB), Inov4Agro, UTAD, Vila Real, Portugal
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12
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Fang C, Wu L, Zhu C, Xie WZ, Hu H, Zeng XT. A potential therapeutic strategy for prostatic disease by targeting the oral microbiome. Med Res Rev 2020; 41:1812-1834. [PMID: 33377531 PMCID: PMC8246803 DOI: 10.1002/med.21778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Revised: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, human microbiome research is rapidly growing and emerging evidence has witnessed the critical role that oral microbiome plays in the process of human health and disease. Oral microbial dysbiosis has been confirmed as a contributory cause for diseases in multiple body systems, ranging from the oral cavity to the gastrointestinal, endocrine, immune, cardiovascular, and even nervous system. As research progressing, oral microbiome‐based diagnosis and therapy are proposed and applied, which may represent potential drug targets in systemic diseases. Recent studies have uncovered the possible association between periodontal disease and prostatic disease, suggesting new prevention and therapeutic treatment for the disease by targeting periodontal pathogens. Thus, we performed this review to first explore the association between the oral microbiome and prostatic disease, according to current knowledge based on published articles, and then mainly focus on the underlying molecular and cellular mechanisms and the potential prevention and treatment derived from these mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Fang
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lan Wu
- Department of Stomatology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Cong Zhu
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Wen-Zhong Xie
- Department of Stomatology, Kaifeng University Health Science Center, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Hailiang Hu
- Department of Pathology, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, North Carolina, USA.,School of Medicine, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Xian-Tao Zeng
- Center for Evidence-Based and Translational Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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13
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Chen D, Peng S, Chen D, Yang F, Liu J, Wang J, Liu Q, Huang X, Ouyang P, Wang K, Li Z, Geng Y. Low lethal doses of Streptococcus iniae caused enteritis in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii). FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2020; 104:654-662. [PMID: 32561456 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 06/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
In aquaculture, the incidence of enteritis due to Streptococcus iniae infection in Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baerii) has increased in recent years. The pathogenesis of S. iniae is largely unknown due to the paucity of experimental studies on fish intestinal inflammation. In this study, S. iniae infection of A. baerii juveniles was induced by anal intubation of 0.15 mL at a low lethal dose (2 × 107 CFU/mL). Intestinal pathology and gene expression studies were conducted within 10 days of the experiment. Histopathological examination showed severe intestinal lesions, inflammatory cell infiltration, intestinal submucosa edema, epithelial cell shedding and necrosis. Predominant symptoms of exudative inflammation, metamorphic inflammation and proliferative inflammation on days 1-3, 4-6, and 7-10 post infection were shown, respectively. Ultrastructural observations also revealed fractured microvilli and shedding on days 4-6. Intestinal villi gradually repaired during the subsequent 7-10 days post infection. Expression of the pro-inflammatory cytokines, tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1β were up-regulated on days 1-3 followed by a significant decrease on day 5, ultimately reaching control levels on day 10 post infection. A similar pattern was shown in mucus cells, involving mucin secretion and expression of the mucin encoding gene, Mucin-2. These results showed the cellular response to S. iniae infection associated with inflammatory genes expression in the Siberian sturgeon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Defang Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Shuang Peng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Daiyu Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Fei Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jiaxi Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Jun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Qiwei Liu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Xiaoli Huang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Ping Ouyang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Kaiyu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Zhiqiong Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China
| | - Yi Geng
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, PR China.
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14
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Ohadian Moghadam S, Momeni SA. Human microbiome and prostate cancer development: current insights into the prevention and treatment. Front Med 2020; 15:11-32. [PMID: 32607819 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0731-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The huge communities of microorganisms that symbiotically colonize humans are recognized as significant players in health and disease. The human microbiome may influence prostate cancer development. To date, several studies have focused on the effect of prostate infections as well as the composition of the human microbiome in relation to prostate cancer risk. Current studies suggest that the microbiota of men with prostate cancer significantly differs from that of healthy men, demonstrating that certain bacteria could be associated with cancer development as well as altered responses to treatment. In healthy individuals, the microbiome plays a crucial role in the maintenance of homeostasis of body metabolism. Dysbiosis may contribute to the emergence of health problems, including malignancy through affecting systemic immune responses and creating systemic inflammation, and changing serum hormone levels. In this review, we discuss recent data about how the microbes colonizing different parts of the human body including urinary tract, gastrointestinal tract, oral cavity, and skin might affect the risk of developing prostate cancer. Furthermore, we discuss strategies to target the microbiome for risk assessment, prevention, and treatment of prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Seyed Ali Momeni
- Uro-Oncology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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15
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Rojas A, Araya P, Gonzalez I, Morales E. Gastric Tumor Microenvironment. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1226:23-35. [PMID: 32030673 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-36214-0_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
A compelling body of evidence has demonstrated that gastric cancer has a very particular tumor microenvironment, a signature very suitable to promote tumor progression and metastasis. Recent investigations have provided new insights into the multiple molecular mechanisms, defined by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, supporting a very active cross talk between the components of the tumor microenvironment and thus defining the fate of tumor progression. In this review, we intend to highlight the role of very active contributors at gastric cancer TME, particularly cancer-associated fibroblasts, bone marrow-derived cells, tumor-associated macrophages, and tumor-infiltrating neutrophils, all of them surrounded by an overtime changing extracellular matrix. In addition, the very active cross talk between the components of the tumor microenvironment, defined by genetic and epigenetic mechanisms, thus defining the fate of tumor progression, is also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Rojas
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile.
| | - Paulina Araya
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Ileana Gonzalez
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
| | - Erik Morales
- Biomedical Research Laboratories, Medicine Faculty, Catholic University of Maule, Talca, Chile
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16
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Wei P, Hao L, Ma F, Yu Q, Buchberger AR, Lee S, Bushman W, Li L. Urinary Metabolomic and Proteomic Analyses in a Mouse Model of Prostatic Inflammation. URINE (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 1:17-23. [PMID: 33870183 PMCID: PMC8052098 DOI: 10.1016/j.urine.2020.05.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are common among aging men. Since prostatic inflammation is one of its etiologies, it is plausible that urinary metabolite and protein biomarkers could be identified and used to diagnose inflammation-induced LUTS. We characterized the urine metabolome and proteome in a mouse model of bacterial-induced prostatic inflammation. Mass Spectrometry (MS)-based multi-omics analysis was employed to discover urinary protein and metabolite-based biomarkers. The investigation of isobaric dimethylated leucine (DiLeu) labeling on metabolites allowed metabolomics and proteomics analysis on the same liquid chromatography (LC)-MS platform. In total, 143 amine-containing metabolites and 1058 urinary proteins were identified and quantified (data are available via ProteomeXchange with identifier PXD018023); among them, 14 metabolites and 168 proteins were significantly changed by prostatic inflammation. Five metabolic pathways and four inflammation-related biological processes were potentially disrupted. By comparing our findings with urinary biomarkers identified in a mouse model of genetic-induced prostate inflammation and with those previously found to be associated with LUTS in older men, we identified creatine, haptoglobin, immunoglobulin kappa constant and polymeric Ig receptor as conserved biomarkers for prostatic inflammation associated with LUTS. These data suggest that these putative biomarkers could be used to identify men in which prostate inflammation is present and contributing to LUTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingli Wei
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Ling Hao
- Department of Chemistry, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Fengfei Ma
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Qing Yu
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | | | - Sanghee Lee
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Wade Bushman
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA
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17
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Zychlinsky Scharff A, Rousseau M, Lacerda Mariano L, Canton T, Consiglio CR, Albert ML, Fontes M, Duffy D, Ingersoll MA. Sex differences in IL-17 contribute to chronicity in male versus female urinary tract infection. JCI Insight 2019; 5:122998. [PMID: 31145099 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.122998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sex-based differences influence incidence and outcome of infectious disease. Women have a significantly greater incidence of urinary tract infection (UTI) than men, yet, conversely, male UTI is more persistent with greater associated morbidity. Mechanisms underlying these sex-based differences are unknown, in part due to a lack of experimental models. We optimized a model to transurethrally infect male mice and directly compared UTI in both sexes. Although both sexes were initially equally colonized by uropathogenic E. coli, only male and testosterone-treated female mice remained chronically infected for up to 4 weeks. Female mice had more robust innate responses, including higher IL-17 expression, and increased γδ T cells and group 3 innate lymphoid cells in the bladder following infection. Accordingly, neutralizing IL-17 abolished resolution in female mice, identifying a cytokine pathway necessary for bacterial clearance. Our findings support the concept that sex-based responses to UTI contribute to impaired innate immunity in males and provide a rationale for non-antibiotic-based immune targeting to improve the response to UTI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Matthieu Rousseau
- Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM U1223, Paris, France
| | - Livia Lacerda Mariano
- Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM U1223, Paris, France
| | - Tracy Canton
- Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM U1223, Paris, France
| | | | - Matthew L Albert
- Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM U1223, Paris, France
| | - Magnus Fontes
- International Group for Data Analysis, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,The Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,The Center for Genomic Medicine at Rigshospitalet and Persimune, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Darragh Duffy
- Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM U1223, Paris, France
| | - Molly A Ingersoll
- Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France.,INSERM U1223, Paris, France
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18
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Ashok A, Keener R, Rubenstein M, Stookey S, Bajpai S, Hicks J, Alme AK, Drake CG, Zheng Q, Trabzonlu L, Yegnasubramanian S, De Marzo AM, Bieberich CJ. Consequences of interleukin 1β-triggered chronic inflammation in the mouse prostate gland: Altered architecture associated with prolonged CD4 + infiltration mimics human proliferative inflammatory atrophy. Prostate 2019; 79:732-745. [PMID: 30900284 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated expression of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β) has been observed in expressed prostatic secretions of patients with chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome, and genetic polymorphisms associated with the IL1B gene are linked to increased risk for aggressive prostate cancer. METHODS To study the role of IL-1β expression in prostate inflammation, we examined IL1B expression in human prostatic proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) lesions and developed a tetracycline-regulated human IL1B transgene in the mouse prostate. RESULTS Here, we demonstrate that IL1B expression is a common finding in human PIA lesions, which harbored focal IL1B expression in epithelial and stromal compartments. Human IL1B expression in the mouse prostate elicited acute and chronic inflammation. Penetrance and expressivity were variable and tunable by altering transgene dosage and the presence of an exogenous inducible marker antigen (green fluorescent protein). Inflammation was characterized by infiltration of CD4+ T cells, demonstrating an adaptive immune response. Chronic inflammation persisted after doxycycline (Dox) withdrawal. Reactive epithelia increased expression of downstream cytokines, and altered glandular architecture was observed upon sustained induction of IL1B. Immunohistochemical analyses revealed a higher proliferative index and decreased Nkx3.1 expression in inflamed mouse prostates. CONCLUSIONS These data implicate IL-1β in human prostate pathology and this model provides a versatile platform to interrogate molecular mechanisms of inflammation-associated prostate pathologies associated with episodic or sustained IL-1β expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arya Ashok
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Rebecca Keener
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Michael Rubenstein
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Stephanie Stookey
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Sagar Bajpai
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Jessica Hicks
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angela K Alme
- Department of Immunology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles G Drake
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Herbert Irving Comprehensive Cancer Center, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, New York
| | - Qizhi Zheng
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Levent Trabzonlu
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Charles J Bieberich
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland
- University of Maryland Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Baltimore, Maryland
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19
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Abstract
Prostate cancer is the second most frequent cancer diagnosis made in men and the fifth leading cause of death worldwide. Prostate cancer may be asymptomatic at the early stage and often has an indolent course that may require only active surveillance. Based on GLOBOCAN 2018 estimates, 1,276,106 new cases of prostate cancer were reported worldwide in 2018, with higher prevalence in the developed countries. Differences in the incidence rates worldwide reflect differences in the use of diagnostic testing. Prostate cancer incidence and mortality rates are strongly related to the age with the highest incidence being seen in elderly men (> 65 years of age). African-American men have the highest incidence rates and more aggressive type of prostate cancer compared to White men. There is no evidence yet on how to prevent prostate cancer; however, it is possible to lower the risk by limiting high-fat foods, increasing the intake of vegetables and fruits and performing more exercise. Screening is highly recommended at age 45 for men with familial history and African-American men. Up-to-date statistics on prostate cancer occurrence and outcomes along with a better understanding of the etiology and causative risk factors are essential for the primary prevention of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prashanth Rawla
- Hospitalist, Department of Internal Medicine, SOVAH Health, Martinsville, VA 24112, USA.
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20
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Schillaci O, Scimeca M, Trivigno D, Chiaravalloti A, Facchetti S, Anemona L, Bonfiglio R, Santeusanio G, Tancredi V, Bonanno E, Urbano N, Mauriello A. Prostate cancer and inflammation: A new molecular imaging challenge in the era of personalized medicine. Nucl Med Biol 2019; 68-69:66-79. [PMID: 30770226 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between cancer and inflammation is one of the most important fields for both clinical and translational research. Despite numerous studies reported interesting and solid data about the prognostic value of the presence of inflammatory infiltrate in cancers, the biological role of inflammation in prostate cancer development is not yet fully clarified. The characterization of molecular pathways that connect altered inflammatory response and prostate cancer progression can provide the scientific rationale for the identification of new prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Specifically, the detection of infiltrating immune cells or related-cytokines by histology and/or by molecular imaging techniques could profoundly change the management of prostate cancer patients. In this context, the anatomic pathology and imaging diagnostic teamwork can provide a valuable support for the validation of new targets for diagnosis and therapy of prostate cancer lesions associated to the inflammatory infiltrate. The aim of this review is to summarize the current literature about the role of molecular imaging technique and anatomic pathology in the study of the mutual interaction occurring between prostate cancer and inflammation. Specifically, we reported the more recent advances in molecular imaging and histological methods for the early detection of prostate lesions associated to the inflammatory infiltrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orazio Schillaci
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Manuel Scimeca
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy; University of San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy.
| | - Donata Trivigno
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Agostino Chiaravalloti
- Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy; IRCCS Neuromed, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Simone Facchetti
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Lucia Anemona
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Rita Bonfiglio
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Santeusanio
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Virginia Tancredi
- University of San Raffaele, Via di Val Cannuta 247, 00166 Rome, Italy; Department of Systems Medicine, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Elena Bonanno
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Urbano
- Nuclear Medicine, Policlinico "Tor Vergata", Viale Oxford 81, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandro Mauriello
- Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University "Tor Vergata", Via Montpellier 1, Rome 00133, Italy
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21
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Francesco T, Filippo R, Giuseppe R, Antonio R. “Tradamixina TP” Compound in Monotherapy for Three Months in Patients with LUTS: Observational Study on Improvement of Urinary Symptoms and Sexual Function in Men. Health (London) 2019. [DOI: 10.4236/health.2019.116052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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22
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Hao L, Shi Y, Thomas S, Vezina CM, Bajpai S, Ashok A, Bieberich CJ, Ricke WA, Li L. Comprehensive urinary metabolomic characterization of a genetically induced mouse model of prostatic inflammation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY 2018; 434:185-192. [PMID: 30872949 PMCID: PMC6414212 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijms.2018.09.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysfunction of the lower urinary tract commonly afflicts the middle-aged and aging male population. The etiology of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) is multifactorial. Benign prostate hyperplasia, fibrosis, smooth muscle contractility, and inflammation likely contribute. Here we aim to characterize the urinary metabolomic profile associated with prostatic inflammation, which could inform future personalized diagnosis or treatment, as well as mechanistic research. Quantitative urinary metabolomics was conducted to examine molecular changes following induction of inflammation via conditional Interleukin-1β expression in prostate epithelia using a novel transgenic mouse strain. To advance method development for urinary metabolomics, we also compared different urine normalization methods and found that normalizing urine samples based on osmolality prior to LC-MS most completely separated urinary metabolite profiles of mice with and without prostate inflammation via principal component analysis. Global metabolomics was combined with advanced machine learning feature selection and classification for data analysis. Key dysregulated metabolites and pathways were identified and were relevant to prostatic inflammation, some of which overlapped with our previous study of human LUTS patients. A binary classification model was established via the support vector machine algorithm to accurately differentiate control and inflammation groups, with an area-under-the-curve value of the receiver operating characteristic of 0.81, sensitivity of 0.974 and specificity of 0.995, respectively. This study generated molecular profiles of non-bacterial prostatic inflammation, which could assist future efforts to stratify LUTS patients and develop new therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hao
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Yatao Shi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Samuel Thomas
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Chad M. Vezina
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- George M. O’Brien Urology Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sagar Bajpai
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland-Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Arya Ashok
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Maryland-Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - William A. Ricke
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- George M. O’Brien Urology Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- School of Life Sciences, Tianjin University, Tianjin, 300072, China
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23
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Dos Santos Gomes FO, Oliveira AC, Ribeiro EL, da Silva BS, Dos Santos LAM, de Lima IT, Silva AKSE, da Rocha Araújo SM, Gonçalves T, de Melo-Junior MR, Peixoto CA. Intraurethral injection with LPS: an effective experimental model of prostatic inflammation. Inflamm Res 2017; 67:43-55. [PMID: 29151155 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-017-1094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2017] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic inflammation has been recognized as having a prominent role pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and cancer. It is believed that chronic inflammation induces prostatic fibromuscular growth. This correlation has been clearly illustrated by both in vivo and in vitro studies; however, current experimental models of BPH require complex surgery or hormonal treatment. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to propose a new murine model of BPH/prostatitis induced by intraurethral injection of LPS. METHODS Male Swiss and C57Bl/6 mice were then sacrificed 3, 7, 10, and 14 days after intraurethral injection of LPS. The prostates were quickly dissected and fixed for morphological and immunohistochemical analyses. RESULTS The results showed that LPS played an important role in the cell proliferation of the prostate. Histological and ultrastructural analysis showed epithelial hyperplasia, clear stromal cells, little inflammatory infiltration, and heavy bleeding. Treatment with LPS also promoted the increase of growth factor (FGF-7 and TGF-β), α-actin, and proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, IL-17), both in the stroma and epithelium. CONCLUSION According to the present findings, it can be concluded that the intraurethral administration of LPS promotes tissue remodeling, as well as stimulating the pattern of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and therefore, constitutes an effective experimental model of BPH/inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiana Oliveira Dos Santos Gomes
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.,Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil.,Faculdade Integrada de Pernambuco (FACIPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Amanda Costa Oliveira
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.,Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Edlene Lima Ribeiro
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.,Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil.,Faculdade Integrada de Pernambuco (FACIPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Bruna Santos da Silva
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil
| | - Laise Aline Martins Dos Santos
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.,Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Ingrid Tavares de Lima
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.,Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Amanda Karolina Soares E Silva
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.,Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Shyrlene Meiry da Rocha Araújo
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.,Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | - Terezinha Gonçalves
- Pós-graduação em Ciências Biológicas da Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Recife, Brazil
| | | | - Christina Alves Peixoto
- Ultrastructure Laboratory, Instituto Aggeu Magalhães, Centro de Pesquisas Aggeu Magalhães (CPqAM-FIOCRUZ), Fundação Oswaldo Cruz, Av. Moraes Rego s/n, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, 50670-420, Brazil.
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24
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Lee S, Carrasco A, Meacham RB, Malykhina AP. Transurethral Instillation Procedure in Adult Male Mouse. J Vis Exp 2017. [PMID: 29155777 DOI: 10.3791/56663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Transurethral instillation can be used to deliver different solutions with active ingredients (e.g., drugs, chemicals, bacteria, and viruses) locally into the urinary bladder to either induce animal models of bladder pathologies or evaluate the effectiveness of intravesical treatments. Most rodent models of lower urinary tract (LUT) pathologies are induced in female mice due to ease of intravesical instillation of the substances via the female urethra. However, due to anatomical differences between the female and male LUT, transurethral instillation in a male mouse has been deemed a very challenging procedure, and it has not been previously described. In this manuscript, we provide a detailed description of how to prepare polyethylene (PE) tubing for subsequent insertion into the urethra of a male mouse. In addition, we discuss the ideal types of PE tubing to be used depending on the desired site of inoculation. Furthermore, we describe point by point how to prepare an animal for a successful transurethral instillation to avoid injury to the urethra and ensure the delivery of the solution to the desired location. The procedure is started by retracting the prepuce and the glans to expose the opening of the urethral meatus. Next, the glans are grasped by blunt non-crushing forceps to stabilize the penis and the PE tubing. The PE tubing is first inserted into the urethral meatus parallel to the animal body, then its angle is adjusted by tilting the catheter to maneuver it to follow the natural curvature of the urethra. This technique can be used to induced murine models of bladder pathologies and/or evaluate the effectiveness of intravesical treatments in male mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Lee
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | | | - Randall B Meacham
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine
| | - Anna P Malykhina
- Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Colorado School of Medicine;
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25
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Sfanos KS, Yegnasubramanian S, Nelson WG, De Marzo AM. The inflammatory microenvironment and microbiome in prostate cancer development. Nat Rev Urol 2017; 15:11-24. [PMID: 29089606 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2017.167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 255] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation promotes the development of several types of solid cancers and might contribute to prostate carcinogenesis. This hypothesis partly originates in the frequent observation of inflammatory cells in the prostate microenvironment of adult men. Inflammation is associated with putative prostate cancer precursor lesions, termed proliferative inflammatory atrophy. Inflammation might drive prostate carcinogenesis via oxidative stress and generation of reactive oxygen species that induce mutagenesis. Additionally, inflammatory stress might cause epigenetic alterations that promote neoplastic transformation. Proliferative inflammatory atrophy is enriched for proliferative luminal epithelial cells of intermediate phenotype that might be prone to genomic alterations leading to prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and prostate cancer. Studies in animals suggest that inflammatory changes in the prostate microenvironment contribute to reprogramming of prostate epithelial cells, a possible step in tumour initiation. Prostatic infection, concurrent with epithelial barrier disruption, might be a key driver of an inflammatory microenvironment; the discovery of a urinary microbiome indicates a potential source of frequent exposure of the prostate to a diverse number of microorganisms. Hence, current evidence suggests that inflammation and atrophy are involved in prostate carcinogenesis and suggests a role for the microbiome in establishing an inflammatory prostate microenvironment that might promote prostate cancer development and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen S Sfanos
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA
| | - William G Nelson
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
| | - Angelo M De Marzo
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.,Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center at Johns Hopkins, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21231, USA.,Department of Urology, James Buchanan Brady Urological Institute, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 600 North Wolfe Street, Baltimore, Maryland 21287, USA
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26
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Quintar AA, Gonçalves BF, Taboga SR, Maldonado CA. The mongolian gerbil (Meriones unguiculatus
) as a model for inflammation-promoted prostate carcinogenesis. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:1234-1238. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Amado A. Quintar
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
| | - Bianca F. Gonçalves
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE); Universidade. Estadual Paulista (UNESP); São José do Rio Preto Brazil
| | - Sebastião R. Taboga
- Departamento de Biologia, Instituto de Biociências, Letras e Ciências Exatas (IBILCE); Universidade. Estadual Paulista (UNESP); São José do Rio Preto Brazil
| | - Cristina A. Maldonado
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET); Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba; Córdoba Argentina
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27
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Quintar AA, Maldonado CA. Androgen regulation of host defenses and response to inflammatory stimuli in the prostate gland. Cell Biol Int 2017; 41:1223-1233. [PMID: 28244686 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.10755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The prostate gland is a strictly androgen-dependent organ which is also the main target of infectious and inflammatory diseases in the male reproductive tract. Host defenses and immunity of the gland have unique features to maintain a constant balance between response and tolerance to diverse antigens. In this context, the effects of reproductive hormones on the male tract are thus complex and have just started to be defined. From the classical description of "the prostatic antibacterial factor," many host defense proteins with potent microbicidal and anti-tumoral activities have been described in the organ. Indeed, it has been proposed a central role for resident cells, that is, epithelial and smooth muscle cells, in the prostatic response against injuries. However, these cells also represent the target of the inflammatory damage, leading to the development of a Proliferative Inflammatory Atrophy-like process in the epithelium and a myofibroblastic-like reactive stroma. Available data on androgen regulation of inflammation led to a model of the complex control, in which the final effect will depend on the tissue microenvironment, the cause of inflammation, and the levels of androgens among other factors. In this paper, we review the current scientific literature about the inflammatory process in the gland, the modulation of host defense proteins, and the influence of testosterone on the resolution of prostatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amado A Quintar
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Pabellón de Biología Celular. E. Barros esq. Enfermera Gordillo 1 piso Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Cristina A Maldonado
- Centro de Microscopía Electrónica, Instituto de Investigaciones en Ciencias de la Salud (INICSA-CONICET), Facultad de Ciencias Médicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Pabellón de Biología Celular. E. Barros esq. Enfermera Gordillo 1 piso Ciudad Universitaria, 5000, Córdoba, Argentina
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28
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Xiong Y, Qiu X, Shi W, Yu H, Zhang X. Anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effect of modified Bazhengsan in a rat model of chronic bacterial prostatitis. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 198:73-80. [PMID: 28017697 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.12.039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Revised: 12/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/21/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Bazhengsan is a commonly used traditional Chinese prescription for the treatment of the urogenital system diseases for thousands of years, which decoction was first described in Prescriptions of the Bureau of Taiping People's Welfare Pharmacy in Song Dynasty. AIM OF THE STUDY In this study, the potential of modified Bazhengsan (mBazhengsan) as a chronic bacterial prostate inflammation inhibitor was investigated in a rat model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rat prostates were injected with Escherichia coli to induce inflammation by the sterile operation. The decoction of mBazhengsan was administered intragastrically once every day from the seventh day of modeling. After 8 weeks, prostates were lavaged with phosphate buffer saline (PBS) and lavages were collected to use for leukocyte and lecithin body count, and then prostate tissues were removed to detect prostate weight, prostate index and microbiological analyses. Prostate histopathological changes were detected by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and masson staining. Bacterial growth in prostate was evaluated by the numbers of tissue culture colonies. The levels of interleukin (IL)-8, IL-1β and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-a in serums and secretory immunoglobulin (SIg)-A in prostate fluids as well as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in prostate tissues were detected by analysis kits. RESULTS Compared with model group, treatment with mBazhengsan could significantly inhibit the recruitment of leukocyte to prostate tissues and the deposition of collagen fibers in stromas, suppressed bacterial growth in prostate tissues, decreased the numbers of leukocyte and lecithin body in prostate fluids, lowered prostate index, down-regulated the levels of inflammatory mediators (IL-1β, IL-8 and TNF-a) in serums and up-regulated the levels of SIgA in prostate fluids, and reduced the production of free radical in prostate tissues. CONCLUSION mBazhengsan can significantly suppress rat prostate inflammation and oxidative stress reaction, showing great therapeutic potential to the chronic bacterial prostatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youyi Xiong
- College of Food and Drug, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xingtao Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, People's Republic of China
| | - Weijing Shi
- College of Food and Drug, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Yu
- College of Food and Drug, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- College of Food and Drug, Anhui Science and Technology University, Fengyang, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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29
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Aaron L, Franco OE, Hayward SW. Review of Prostate Anatomy and Embryology and the Etiology of Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia. Urol Clin North Am 2017; 43:279-88. [PMID: 27476121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ucl.2016.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Prostate development follows a common pattern between species and depends on the actions of androgens to induce and support ductal branching morphogenesis of buds emerging from the urogenital sinus. The human prostate has a compact zonal anatomy immediately surrounding the urethra and below the urinary bladder. Rodents have a lobular prostate with lobes radiating away from the urethra. The human prostate is the site of benign hyperplasia, prostate cancer, and prostatitis. The rodent prostate has little naturally occurring disease. Rodents can be used to model aspects of human benign hyperplasia, but care should be taken in data interpretation and extrapolation to the human condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- LaTayia Aaron
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 DR DB Todd JR Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Omar E Franco
- Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201, USA
| | - Simon W Hayward
- Department of Biochemistry and Cancer Biology, Meharry Medical College, 1005 DR DB Todd JR Blvd, Nashville, TN 37208, USA; Department of Surgery, NorthShore University HealthSystem Research Institute, 1001 University Place, Evanston, IL 60201, USA.
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30
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Hao L, Greer T, Page D, Shi Y, Vezina CM, Macoska JA, Marker PC, Bjorling DE, Bushman W, Ricke WA, Li L. In-Depth Characterization and Validation of Human Urine Metabolomes Reveal Novel Metabolic Signatures of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms. Sci Rep 2016; 6:30869. [PMID: 27502322 PMCID: PMC4977550 DOI: 10.1038/srep30869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 07/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) are a range of irritative or obstructive symptoms that commonly afflict aging population. The diagnosis is mostly based on patient-reported symptoms, and current medication often fails to completely eliminate these symptoms. There is a pressing need for objective non-invasive approaches to measure symptoms and understand disease mechanisms. We developed an in-depth workflow combining urine metabolomics analysis and machine learning bioinformatics to characterize metabolic alterations and support objective diagnosis of LUTS. Machine learning feature selection and statistical tests were combined to identify candidate biomarkers, which were statistically validated with leave-one-patient-out cross-validation and absolutely quantified by selected reaction monitoring assay. Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed highly-accurate prediction power of candidate biomarkers to stratify patients into disease or non-diseased categories. The key metabolites and pathways may be possibly correlated with smooth muscle tone changes, increased collagen content, and inflammation, which have been identified as potential contributors to urinary dysfunction in humans and rodents. Periurethral tissue staining revealed a significant increase in collagen content and tissue stiffness in men with LUTS. Together, our study provides the first characterization and validation of LUTS urinary metabolites and pathways to support the future development of a urine-based diagnostic test for LUTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Hao
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Tyler Greer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - David Page
- Department of Biostatistics & Medical Informatics, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
| | - Yatao Shi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
| | - Chad M. Vezina
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- George M. O'Brien Urology research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jill A. Macoska
- George M. O'Brien Urology research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Center for Personalized Cancer Therapy, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, 02125, USA
| | - Paul C. Marker
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- George M. O'Brien Urology research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Dale E. Bjorling
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
- George M. O'Brien Urology research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Wade Bushman
- George M. O'Brien Urology research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - William A. Ricke
- George M. O'Brien Urology research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53792, USA
| | - Lingjun Li
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53705, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, 53706, USA
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31
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McIlwain DW, Zoetemelk M, Myers JD, Edwards MT, Snider BM, Jerde TJ. Coordinated induction of cell survival signaling in the inflamed microenvironment of the prostate. Prostate 2016; 76:722-34. [PMID: 27088546 PMCID: PMC6826343 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Both prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia are associated with inflammatory microenvironments. Inflammation is damaging to tissues, but it is unclear how the inflammatory microenvironment protects specialized epithelial cells that function to proliferate and repair the tissue. The objective of this study is to characterize the cell death and cell survival response of the prostatic epithelium in response to inflammation. METHODS We assessed induction of cell death (TNF, TRAIL, TWEAK, FasL) and cell survival factors (IGFs, hedgehogs, IL-6, FGFs, and TGFs) in inflamed and control mouse prostates by ELISA. Cell death mechanisms were determined by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence for cleavage of caspases and TUNEL. Survival pathway activation was assessed by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence for Mcl-1, Bcl-2, Bcl-XL, and survivin. Autophagy was determined by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence for free and membrane associated light chain 3 (LC-3). RESULTS Cleavage of all four caspases was significantly increased during the first 2 days of inflammation, and survival protein expression was substantially increased subsequently, maximizing at 3 days. By 5 days of inflammation, 50% of prostatic epithelial cells expressed survivin. Autophagy was also evident during the recovery phase (3 days). Finally, immunofluorescent staining of human specimens indicates strong activation of survival proteins juxtaposed to inflammation in inflamed prostate specimens. CONCLUSIONS The prostate responds to deleterious inflammation with induction of cell survival mechanisms, most notably survivin and autophagy, demonstrating a coordinated induction of survival factors that protects and expands a specialized set of prostatic epithelial cells as part of the repair and recovery process during inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- David W. McIlwain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Jason D. Myers
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | | | - Brandy M. Snider
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Travis J. Jerde
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Melvin and Bren Simon Cancer Center-Indiana Basic Urological Research Working Group, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana
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32
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Verze P, Cai T, Lorenzetti S. The role of the prostate in male fertility, health and disease. Nat Rev Urol 2016; 13:379-86. [PMID: 27245504 DOI: 10.1038/nrurol.2016.89] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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33
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Miri M, Shokri S, Darabi S, Alipour Heidari M, Ghalyanchi A, Karimfar MH, Shirazi R. Efficacy of Compound Therapy by Ginseng and Ciprofloxacin on Bacterial Prostatitis. CELL JOURNAL 2016; 18:103-11. [PMID: 27054125 PMCID: PMC4819379 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2016.3993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Genitourinary tract infections play a significant role in male infertility. Infections of reproductive sex glands, such as the prostate, impair function and indirectly affect male fertility. The general aim of this study is to investigate the protective effect of Korean red ginseng (KRG) on prostatitis in male rats treated with ciprofloxacin (CIPX). MATERIALS AND METHODS In this experimental study, we randomly divided 72 two male Wistar rats into 9 groups. The groups were treated as follows for 10 days: i. Control (no medication), ii. Sham [(normal saline injection into the vas deferens and oral administration of phosphate-buffered saline (PBS)], iii. Ginseng, iv. CPIX, v. CIPX+ginseng, vi. Uropathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) (UPEC), vii. UPEC+ginseng, viii. UPEC+CIPX, and ix. UPEC+ginseng+CIPX. The rats were killed 14 days after the last injection and the prostate glands were removed. After sample preparation, routine histology was performed using hematoxylin and eosin staining. The terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) method was used to determine the presence of apoptotic cells. RESULTS The severity score for acinar changes and inflammatory cell infiltration in the UPEC+CIPX group did not significantly different from the UPEC group. However this score significantly decreased in the UPEC+CIPX+ginseng group compared to the UPEC group. Apoptotic index of all ginseng treated groups significantly decreased compared to the UPEC and CPIX groups. CONCLUSION These results suggested that ginseng might be an effective adjunct in CIPX treatment of prostatitis. The combined use ginseng and CIPX was more effective than ginseng or CIPX alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Miri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Saeid Shokri
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Shahram Darabi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | | | - Akhgar Ghalyanchi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | | | - Reza Shirazi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Stark T, Livas L, Kyprianou N. Inflammation in prostate cancer progression and therapeutic targeting. Transl Androl Urol 2016; 4:455-63. [PMID: 26816843 PMCID: PMC4708587 DOI: 10.3978/j.issn.2223-4683.2015.04.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation contributes to the onset and progression of human cancer, via modifications in the tumor microenvironment by remodeling the extracellular matrix (ECM) and initiating epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). At the biological level, chronically inflamed cells release cytokines that are functionally dictating a constitutively active stroma, promoting tumor growth and metastasis. In prostate cancer, inflammation correlates with increased development of “risk factor” lesions or proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA). Chronic inflammation in benign prostate biopsy specimens can be associated with high-grade prostate tumors in adjacent areas. In this article, we discuss the current understanding of the incidence of inflammation in prostate cancer progression and the significance of the process in therapeutic targeting of specific inflammatory signaling pathways and critical effectors during tumor progression. Further understanding of the process of chronic inflammation in prostate tumor progression to metastasis will enable development and optimization of novel therapeutic modalities for the treatment of high-risk patients with advanced disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy Stark
- 1 Department of Urology, 2 Department of Molecular Biochemistry, 3 Department of Pathology, 4 The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Lydia Livas
- 1 Department of Urology, 2 Department of Molecular Biochemistry, 3 Department of Pathology, 4 The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Natasha Kyprianou
- 1 Department of Urology, 2 Department of Molecular Biochemistry, 3 Department of Pathology, 4 The Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Microbubble-mediated ultrasound promotes accumulation of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell to the prostate for treating chronic bacterial prostatitis in rats. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19745. [PMID: 26797392 PMCID: PMC4726435 DOI: 10.1038/srep19745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Accepted: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic bacterial prostatitis (CBP) is an intractable disease. Although bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMMSCs) are able to regulate inflammation in CBP, the effect of microbubble-mediated ultrasound- induced accumulation of BMMSCs on CBP remains unclear. To address this gap, a model of CBP was established in SD rats, which were then treated with BMMSCs alone (BMMSC group), BMMSCs with ultrasound (ultrasound group), BMMSCs with microbubble-mediated ultrasound (MMUS group) and compared with a healthy control group. A therapeutic-ultrasound apparatus was used to treat the prostate in the presence of circulating microbubbles and BMMSCs. The BMMSC distribution was assessed with in vivo imaging, and the prostate structure with light microscopy. Real-time quantitative RT-PCR, ELISA, and immunohistochemistry were used to assess the expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β. More BMMSCs were found in the prostate in the MMUS group than in the CBP, ultrasound, and BMMSC groups. Inflammatory cell infiltration, fibrous tissue hyperplasia, and tumor-like epithelial proliferation were significantly reduced in the MMUS group, as were the mRNA and protein expressions of TNF-α and IL-1β. Microbubble-mediated ultrasound-induced accumulation of BMMSCs can inhibit inflammation and decrease TNF-α and IL-1β expressions in the prostate of CBP rats, suggesting that this method may be therapeutic for CPB.
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Al-Marhoon MS, Ouhtit A, Al-Abri AO, Venkiteswaran KP, Al-Busaidi Q, Mathew J, Al-Haddabi I, Shareef O, Aquil S, Rahman K, Al-Hashmi I, Gupta I, Ganguly SS. Molecular Evidence of Helicobacter Pylori Infection in Prostate Tumors. Curr Urol 2015; 8:138-43. [PMID: 26889133 DOI: 10.1159/000365705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine whether Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is detectable in both benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer (PCa). Epidemiological studies have shown significant associations between infective chronic prostatitis and prostatic carcinoma. Many bacteria have been found in the prostate of patients with chronic prostatitis, BPH, and PCa. METHODS One hundred consecutive patients with prostate diseases were enrolled in the study. Detection of H. pylori DNA in prostate tissue from patients with BPH and PCa was performed using both immunohistochemistry and PCR, and the results were confirmed by DNA sequencing. Odds ratios and the Fisher Exact test were used for the analysis of the associations between the variables. RESULTS Among the patients, 78% had BPH and 19% had PCa. While immunohistochemistry showed no positive sample for H. pylori, PCR combined with sequencing detected H. pylori DNA in prostate tissue samples from 5 patients. However, statistical analysis of the data showed that BPH and PCa are not significantly associated with the presence of H. pylori DNA in prostate tissue (odds ratio = 0.94, 95% confidence interval = 0.09-23.34, one-tailed Chi-square value = 0.660, p > 0.05). The limitation of this study was the small number of PCa patients. CONCLUSIONS This study provides, for the first time, molecular evidence of the presence of H. pylori DNA in prostatic tissue of patients with BPH and PCa. It paves the way for further comprehensive studies to examine the association of H. pylori infection with BPH and PCa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed S Al-Marhoon
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
| | - Allal Ouhtit
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
| | - Aisha O Al-Abri
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
| | - Krishna P Venkiteswaran
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
| | - Qassim Al-Busaidi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
| | - Josephkunju Mathew
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
| | - Ibrahim Al-Haddabi
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
| | - Omar Shareef
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
| | - Shahid Aquil
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
| | - Khalid Rahman
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
| | - Intisar Al-Hashmi
- Department of Surgery, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
| | - Ishita Gupta
- Department of Genetics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
| | - Shyam S Ganguly
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khoudh, Oman
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Ammar AE, Esmat A, Hassona MDH, Tadros MG, Abdel-Naim AB, Guns EST. The effect of pomegranate fruit extract on testosterone-induced BPH in rats. Prostate 2015; 75:679-92. [PMID: 25620586 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2014] [Accepted: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) affects many men after the age of 50 years. Inflammation and oxidative stress along with apoptotic changes are thought to play an important role in the pathology of BPH. Pomegranate contains a variety of polyphenolic compounds that have been studied in a medley of diseases for their anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic properties. Therefore, this study examined the effect of Pomegranate Fruit Extract (PFE) on the development of BPH using a testosterone-induced BPH model in rats. METHODS A total of 48 rats were randomly divided into six groups of eight, one group served as the control, BPH was induced by testosterone 3 mg/kg S.C. daily in four groups, three of them received PFE by oral gavage daily at doses of 25, 50, and 100 mg/kg respectively, while one group received PFE at a dose of 50 mg/kg without induction of BPH. RESULTS PFE at a dose of 100 mg/kg was the most effective in decreasing testosterone-induced increase in prostate weight, prostate weight/body weight ratio, and PAP levels by 30.8%, 55%, and 68% respectively and in preventing the accompanying histological changes. In the BPH model, testosterone significantly decreased GSH, SOD, and CAT to 0.45, 0.64, and 0.88 of the control group values respectively, and significantly increased MDA by >6-fold. In combination with testosterone, PFE dosed at 100 mg/kg significantly increased GSH, SOD, and CAT to 0.83, 0.92, and 0.93 of the control group values respectively, whereas MDA was significantly decreased by 72% compared with the testosterone treated group. In addition to this, at the range of doses studied, PFE lowered COX-II, iNOS, Ki-67 expression, and increased apoptotic index. CONCLUSION The current findings elucidate the effectiveness of PFE in preventing testosterone-induced BPH in rats. This could be attributed, at least partly, to its anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and pro-apoptotic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr E Ammar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Vancouver Prostate Centre, Department of Urologic Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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Simons BW, Durham NM, Bruno TC, Grosso JF, Schaeffer AJ, Ross AE, Hurley PJ, Berman DM, Drake CG, Thumbikat P, Schaeffer EM. A human prostatic bacterial isolate alters the prostatic microenvironment and accelerates prostate cancer progression. J Pathol 2015; 235:478-89. [PMID: 25348195 DOI: 10.1002/path.4472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2014] [Revised: 10/14/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Inflammation is associated with several diseases of the prostate including benign enlargement and cancer, but a causal relationship has not been established. Our objective was to characterize the prostate inflammatory microenvironment after infection with a human prostate-derived bacterial strain and to determine the effect of inflammation on prostate cancer progression. To this end, we mimicked typical human prostate infection with retrograde urethral instillation of CP1, a human prostatic isolate of Escherichia coli. CP1 bacteria were tropic for the accessory sex glands and induced acute inflammation in the prostate and seminal vesicles, with chronic inflammation lasting at least 1 year. Compared to controls, infection induced both acute and chronic inflammation with epithelial hyperplasia, stromal hyperplasia, and inflammatory cell infiltrates. In areas of inflammation, epithelial proliferation and hyperplasia often persist, despite decreased expression of androgen receptor (AR). Inflammatory cells in the prostates of CP1-infected mice were characterized at 8 weeks post-infection by flow cytometry, which showed an increase in macrophages and lymphocytes, particularly Th17 cells. Inflammation was additionally assessed in the context of carcinogenesis. Multiplex cytokine profiles of inflamed prostates showed that distinct inflammatory cytokines were expressed during prostate inflammation and cancer, with a subset of cytokines synergistically increased during concurrent inflammation and cancer. Furthermore, CP1 infection in the Hi-Myc mouse model of prostate cancer accelerated the development of invasive prostate adenocarcinoma, with 70% more mice developing cancer by 4.5 months of age. This study provides direct evidence that prostate inflammation accelerates prostate cancer progression and gives insight into the microenvironment changes induced by inflammation that may accelerate tumour initiation or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian W Simons
- The Brady Urological Institute, Department of Urology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Funahashi Y, Wang Z, O'Malley KJ, Tyagi P, DeFranco DB, Gingrich JR, Takahashi R, Majima T, Gotoh M, Yoshimura N. Influence of E. coli-induced prostatic inflammation on expression of androgen-responsive genes and transforming growth factor beta 1 cascade genes in rats. Prostate 2015; 75:381-9. [PMID: 25451715 PMCID: PMC4293351 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostatic inflammation is reportedly associated with the development of prostatic hyperplasia. We investigated the effects of prostatic inflammation on expression levels of androgen-responsive genes and growth factors in the rat prostate. METHODS Prostatic inflammation was induced by Escherichia coli (strain 1677) injection (0.2 ml of 1 × 10(8) CFU/ml) into the prostatic urethra of male Sprague-Dawley rats, and ventral lobes of the prostate were harvested on day 84. Rats were given 10 mg/kg celecoxib during the last month in the COX-2 inhibitor treated group. Histopathology and multiplex enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for inflammation-related proteins were performed. Glandular epithelial cells and stromal regions were separately isolated using laser-capture microdissection (LCM). Real-time RT-PCR was performed to examine mRNA levels of androgen-responsive genes in the epithelium and tumor growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) cascade genes in the stroma. RESULTS Hematoxylin and eosin staining showed that mild inflammation was distributed diffusely throughout the prostate. Polymorphonuclear cells infiltrated the slightly edematous stroma, but no morphological changes were observed in the epithelium. Immunohistochemically, expression of androgen receptor and TGF-β1 in addition to IL-6 and cyclooxigenase-2 (COX-2) were enhanced in the E. coli inoculated rats. All of these factors were suppressed in the celecoxib-treated rats. Upregulation of IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-6, and RANTES in the E. coli-inoculated rats was normalized by celecoxib treatment. Significant upregulation of androgen receptor and androgen-responsive genes such as Eaf2, ELL2, FKBP5, calreticulin, and ornithine decarboxylase was observed in the LCM-dissected epithelium. Also TGF-β1 and its downstream cascade genes such as Hic-5, collagen 1, and fibronectin were upregulated significantly in the LCM-dissected stroma. The COX-2 inhibitor treatment suppressed upregulation of these genes. CONCLUSIONS Prostatic inflammation changed the expression of androgen-responsive genes in the epithelium and TGF-β1 cascade genes in the stroma. Activation of TGF-β1 cascade genes in the inflamed stroma, as well as altered androgen-responsive gene expression in the epithelium, might be involved in the development of BPH. Prostate 75:381-389, 2015. © 2014 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhito Funahashi
- Department of Urology, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; Department of Urology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
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Lee S, Yang G, Bushman W. Prostatic inflammation induces urinary frequency in adult mice. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0116827. [PMID: 25647072 PMCID: PMC4315606 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0116827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Accepted: 12/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) including urinary frequency and nocturia are common in aging men. Recent studies have revealed a strong association of prostatic inflammation with LUTS. We developed an animal model of bacterial induced, isolated prostatic inflammation and examined the effect of prostatic inflammation on voiding behavior in adult C57BL/6J mice. Prostatic inflammation was induced by transurethral inoculation of uropathogenic E. coli—1677. Bacterial cystitis was prevented by continuous administration of nitrofurantoin. Hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining and bacterial culture were preformed to validate our animal model. Voiding behavior was examined by metabolic cage testing on post-instillation day 1 (PID 1), PID 4, PID 7 and PID 14 and both voiding frequency and volume per void were determined. Mice with prostatic inflammation showed significantly increased voiding frequency at PID 1, 7 and 14, and decreased volume per void at all time points, as compared to mice instilled with saline and receiving nitrofurantoin (NTF). Linked analysis of voiding frequency and voided volumes revealed an overwhelming preponderance of high frequency, low volume voiding in mice with prostatic inflammation. These observations suggest that prostatic inflammation may be causal for symptoms of urinary frequency and nocturia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanghee Lee
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Cellular and Molecular Biology Program, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Guang Yang
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Wade Bushman
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Carbone Cancer Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Burcham GN, Cresswell GM, Snyder PW, Chen L, Liu X, Crist SA, Henry MD, Ratliff TL. Impact of prostate inflammation on lesion development in the POET3(+)Pten(+/-) mouse model of prostate carcinogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2014; 184:3176-91. [PMID: 25455686 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.08.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 08/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Evidence linking prostatitis and prostate cancer development is contradictory. To study this link, the POET3 mouse, an inducible model of prostatitis, was crossed with a Pten-loss model of prostate cancer (Pten(+/-)) containing the ROSA26 luciferase allele to monitor prostate size. Prostatitis was induced, and prostate bioluminescence was tracked over 12 months, with lesion development, inflammation, and cytokine expression analyzed at 4, 8, and 12 months and compared with mice without induction of prostatitis. Acute prostatitis led to more proliferative epithelium and enhanced bioluminescence. However, 4 months after initiation of prostatitis, mice with induced inflammation had lower grade pre-neoplastic lesions. A trend existed toward greater development of carcinoma 12 months after induction of inflammation, including one of two mice with carcinoma developing perineural invasion. Two of 18 mice at the later time points developed lesions with similarities to proliferative inflammatory atrophy, including one mouse with associated carcinoma. Pten(+/-) mice developed spontaneous inflammation, and prostatitis was similar among groups of mice at 8 and 12 months. Analyzed as one cohort, lesion number and grade were positively correlated with prostatitis. Specifically, amounts of CD11b(+)Gr1(+) cells were correlated with lesion development. These results support the hypothesis that myeloid-based inflammation is associated with lesion development in the murine prostate, and previous bouts of CD8-driven prostatitis may promote invasion in the Pten(+/-) model of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant N Burcham
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Heeke Animal Disease Diagnostic Laboratory, Southern Indiana Purdue Agricultural Center, Dubois, Indiana
| | - Gregory M Cresswell
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Paul W Snyder
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Long Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Xiaoqi Liu
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Scott A Crist
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana
| | - Michael D Henry
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics and Holden Comprehensive Cancer Center, Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Timothy L Ratliff
- Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana; Purdue University Center for Cancer Research, West Lafayette, Indiana.
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Wong L, Hutson PR, Bushman W. Prostatic inflammation induces fibrosis in a mouse model of chronic bacterial infection. PLoS One 2014; 9:e100770. [PMID: 24950301 PMCID: PMC4065064 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0100770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation of the prostate is strongly correlated with development of lower urinary tract symptoms and several studies have implicated prostatic fibrosis in the pathogenesis of bladder outlet obstruction. It has been postulated that inflammation induces prostatic fibrosis but this relationship has never been tested. Here, we characterized the fibrotic response to inflammation in a mouse model of chronic bacterial-induced prostatic inflammation. Transurethral instillation of the uropathogenic E. coli into C3H/HeOuJ male mice induced persistent prostatic inflammation followed by a significant increase in collagen deposition and hydroxyproline content. This fibrotic response to inflammation was accompanied with an increase in collagen synthesis determined by the incorporation of 3H-hydroxyproline and mRNA expression of several collagen remodeling-associated genes, including Col1a1, Col1a2, Col3a1, Mmp2, Mmp9, and Lox. Correlation analysis revealed a positive correlation of inflammation severity with collagen deposition and immunohistochemical staining revealed that CD45+VIM+ fibrocytes were abundant in inflamed prostates at the time point coinciding with increased collagen synthesis. Furthermore, flow cytometric analysis demonstrated an increased percentage of these CD45+VIM+ fibrocytes among collagen type I expressing cells. These data show–for the first time–that chronic prostatic inflammation induces collagen deposition and implicates fibrocytes in the fibrotic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letitia Wong
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- Molecular and Environmental Toxicology Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Paul R. Hutson
- School of Pharmacy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - Wade Bushman
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Nelson WG, Demarzo AM, Yegnasubramanian S. The diet as a cause of human prostate cancer. Cancer Treat Res 2014; 159:51-68. [PMID: 24114474 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-642-38007-5_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Asymptomatic prostate inflammation and prostate cancer have reached epidemic proportions among men in the developed world. Animal model studies implicate dietary carcinogens, such as the heterocyclic amines from over-cooked meats and sex steroid hormones, particularly estrogens, as candidate etiologies for prostate cancer. Each acts by causing epithelial cell damage, triggering an inflammatory response that can evolve into a chronic or recurrent condition. This milieu appears to spawn proliferative inflammatory atrophy (PIA) lesions, a type of focal atrophy that represents the earliest of prostate cancer precursor lesions. Rare PIA lesions contain cells which exhibit high c-Myc expression, shortened telomere segments, and epigenetic silencing of genes such as GSTP1, encoding the π-class glutathione S-transferase, all characteristic of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) and prostate cancer. Subsequent genetic changes, such as the gene translocations/deletions that generate fusion transcripts between androgen-regulated genes (such as TMPRSS2) and genes encoding ETS family transcription factors (such as ERG1), arise in PIN lesions and may promote invasiveness characteristic of prostatic adenocarcinoma cells. Lethal prostate cancers contain markedly corrupted genomes and epigenomes. Epigenetic silencing, which seems to arise in response to the inflamed microenvironment generated by dietary carcinogens and/or estrogens as part of an epigenetic "catastrophe" affecting hundreds of genes, persists to drive clonal evolution through metastatic dissemination. The cause of the initial epigenetic "catastrophe" has not been determined but likely involves defective chromatin structure maintenance by over-exuberant DNA methylation or histone modification. With dietary carcinogens and estrogens driving pro-carcinogenic inflammation in the developed world, it is tempting to speculate that dietary components associated with decreased prostate cancer risk, such as intake of fruits and vegetables, especially tomatoes and crucifers, might act to attenuate the ravages of the chronic or recurrent inflammatory processes. Specifically, nutritional agents might prevent PIA lesions or reduce the propensity of PIA lesions to suffer "catastrophic" epigenome corruption.
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Affiliation(s)
- William G Nelson
- Departments of Oncology, Pathology, and Urology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Weinberg Bldg 1100, 1650 Orleans Street, Baltimore, MD, 21231, USA,
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Prostatic inflammation enhances basal-to-luminal differentiation and accelerates initiation of prostate cancer with a basal cell origin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2013; 111:E592-600. [PMID: 24367088 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1318157111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 146] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation has been shown to promote the initiation and progression of diverse malignancies by inducing genetic and epigenetic alterations. In this study, we investigate an alternative mechanism through which inflammation promotes the initiation of prostate cancer. Adult murine prostate epithelia are composed predominantly of basal and luminal cells. Previous studies revealed that the two lineages are largely self-sustained when residing in their native microenvironment. To interrogate whether tissue inflammation alters the differentiation program of basal cells, we conducted lineage tracing of basal cells using a K14-CreER;mTmG model in concert with a murine model of prostatitis induced by infection from the uropathogenic bacteria CP9. We show that acute prostatitis causes tissue damage and creates a tissue microenvironment that induces the differentiation of basal cells into luminal cells, an alteration that rarely occurs under normal physiological conditions. Previously we showed that a mouse model with prostate basal cell-specific deletion of Phosphatase and tensin homolog (K14-CreER;Pten(fl/fl)) develops prostate cancer with a long latency, because disease initiation in this model requires and is limited by the differentiation of transformation-resistant basal cells into transformation-competent luminal cells. Here, we show that CP9-induced prostatitis significantly accelerates the initiation of prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia in this model. Our results demonstrate that inflammation results in a tissue microenvironment that alters the normal prostate epithelial cell differentiation program and that through this cellular process inflammation accelerates the initiation of prostate cancer with a basal cell origin.
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Han JH, Park SY, Kim JB, Cho SD, Kim B, Kim BY, Kang MJ, Kim DJ, Park JH, Park JH. TLR7 expression is decreased during tumour progression in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate mice and its activation inhibits growth of prostate cancer cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2013; 70:317-26. [PMID: 23790156 DOI: 10.1111/aji.12146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/04/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Although various Toll-like receptors (TLRs) have been associated with immune response and tumorigenesis in the prostate cells, little is known about the role of TLR7. Accordingly, we examined the expression of TLR7 during tumour progression of TRMAP (transgenic mouse model for prostate cancer) mice and its role on cell growth. METHOD OF STUDY Toll-like receptor7 expression was examined by RT-polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Western blot, and immunohistochemistry. Cell growth was examined by MTT assay. Colony formation was investigated by crystal violet staining. RESULTS Strong expression of TLR7 was detected in the normal prostate epithelia of Wild-type (WT) mice, but not in TLR7-deficient mice. In contrast, TLR7 expression was weak in transgenic adenocarcinoma of mouse prostate (TRAMP)-C2 cells, as compared with murine bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs). Moreover, TLR7 mRNA was markedly expressed in RWPE-1 cells (non-cancerous prostate epithelial cells), but not in PC3 and DU145 (prostate cancer cells). Immunohistochemically, TLR7 expression gradually decreased in TRAMP mice depending on the pathologic grade of the prostate cells. TLR7 agonists increased both the gene and protein expression of TLR7 and promoted production of proinflammatory cytokines/chemokines and IFN-β gene expression in prostate cancer cell lines. Moreover, loxoribine inhibited the growth and colony formation of TRAMP-C2 cells dependent of TLR7. CONCLUSION These findings suggest that TLR7 may participate in tumour suppression in the prostate cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Hee Han
- Laboratory Animal Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul University, Seoul, Korea
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Shinohara DB, Vaghasia AM, Yu SH, Mak TN, Brüggemann H, Nelson WG, De Marzo AM, Yegnasubramanian S, Sfanos KS. A mouse model of chronic prostatic inflammation using a human prostate cancer-derived isolate of Propionibacterium acnes. Prostate 2013; 73:1007-15. [PMID: 23389852 PMCID: PMC3991131 DOI: 10.1002/pros.22648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostatic inflammation has been linked to a number of prostatic diseases such as benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), prostatitis syndromes, and prostate cancer. Major unanswered questions include what pathogenic mechanisms, such as bacterial infections, may drive the accumulation of inflammatory infiltrates in the human prostate, and how inflammation might contribute to disease. To study this potential link in an in vivo system, we developed a mouse model of long-term bacteria-induced chronic inflammation of the prostate using a human prostatectomy-derived strain of Propionibacterium acnes. METHODS C57BL/6J mice were inoculated, via urethral catheterization, with vehicle control or a prostatectomy-derived strain of P. acnes (PA2). Animals were assessed at 2 days, 1, 2, or 8 weeks post-inoculation via histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). RESULTS PA2 inoculation resulted in severe acute and chronic inflammation confined to the dorsal lobe of the prostate. Chronic inflammation persisted for at least 8 weeks post-inoculation. Inflammatory lesions were associated with an increase in the Ki-67 proliferative index, and diminished Nkx3.1 and androgen receptor (AR) production. Interestingly, the observed response required live bacteria and both IHC and in situ hybridization assays for P. acnes indicated a potential intracellular presence of P. acnes in prostate epithelial cells. CONCLUSIONS To our knowledge, this is the first mouse model of long-term prostatic inflammation induced by P. acnes, and more generally, any prostatectomy-derived bacterial isolate. This model may serve as a valuable preclinical model of chronic prostatic inflammation that can be used to mechanistically study the link between inflammation and prostatic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debika Biswal Shinohara
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Ajay M. Vaghasia
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Shu-Han Yu
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Tim N. Mak
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - William G. Nelson
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Angelo M. De Marzo
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Srinivasan Yegnasubramanian
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
| | - Karen S. Sfanos
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
- Correspondence to: Karen S. Sfanos, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1550 Orleans Street, CRBII 1M43, Baltimore, MD 21287.
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Th1-Th17 cells contribute to the development of uropathogenic Escherichia coli-induced chronic pelvic pain. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60987. [PMID: 23577183 PMCID: PMC3618515 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2012] [Accepted: 03/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The etiology of chronic prostatitis/chronic pelvic pain syndrome in men is unknown but may involve microbes and autoimmune mechanisms. We developed an infection model of chronic pelvic pain in NOD/ShiLtJ (NOD) mice with a clinical Escherichia coli isolate (CP-1) from a patient with chronic pelvic pain. We investigated pain mechanisms in NOD mice and compared it to C57BL/6 (B6) mice, a strain resistant to CP-1-induced pain. Adoptive transfer of CD4+ T cells, but not serum, from CP-1-infected NOD mice was sufficient to induce chronic pelvic pain. CD4+ T cells in CP-1-infected NOD mice expressed IFN-γ and IL-17A but not IL-4, consistent with a Th1/Th17 immune signature. Adoptive transfer of ex-vivo expanded IFN-γ or IL-17A-expressing cells was sufficient to induce pelvic pain in naïve NOD recipients. Pelvic pain was not abolished in NOD-IFN-γ-KO mice but was associated with an enhanced IL-17A immune response to CP1 infection. These findings demonstrate a novel role for Th1 and Th17-mediated adaptive immune mechanisms in chronic pelvic pain.
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Engelhardt PF, Brustmann H, Seklehner S, Riedl CR. Chronic asymptomatic inflammation of the prostate type IV and carcinoma of the prostate: is there a correlation? Scand J Urol 2012; 47:230-5. [PMID: 23082817 DOI: 10.3109/00365599.2012.733961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to detect possible correlations between chronic asymptomatic inflammation of the prostate type IV and prostate cancer in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RPE). MATERIAL AND METHODS Between January and December 2010, 57 RPE specimens were prospectively evaluated with regard to histological signs of chronic inflammation. This RPE group was compared to specimens of 82 men undergoing transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP) or transvesical enucleation (TVE) of a benign prostate (BPH group). To characterize inflammatory changes, inflammatory "hot spots" were defined according to the histological criteria of Irani et al. (J Urol 1997;157:1301-3). Total prostate-specific antigen (PSA), cholesterol, triglycerides, uric acid, International Prostate Symptom Score and body mass index (BMI) were evaluated preoperatively and were correlated to the histological findings. RESULTS Chronic inflammation was verified in 43.86% of the RPE group, compared to 70.74% of the BPH group (p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis found a significant correlation between older patients and the inflammation score (p < 0.03) and prostate volume (p < 0.03). There was no difference in the PSA values between the inflammation and non-inflammation groups: mean PSA was 5.7 vs 6.1 ng/ml in the RPE group (p < 0.89), and 2.8 vs 2.9 ng/ml in the BPH group (p < 0.94). Gleason score distribution (5-9) and tumour stage (TNM) were similar in the inflammation and non-inflammation groups (p < 0.99, p < 0.21). CONCLUSIONS No significant correlation between chronic prostatic inflammation and carcinoma of the prostate was detected. Contrary to expectations, a significantly higher score of inflammatory changes was found in BPH patients; also, total PSA levels were lower in the inflammation group.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Engelhardt
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Landesklinikum Thermenregion Baden, Austria.
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Boehm BJ, Colopy SA, Jerde TJ, Loftus CJ, Bushman W. Acute bacterial inflammation of the mouse prostate. Prostate 2012; 72:307-17. [PMID: 21681776 PMCID: PMC3253960 DOI: 10.1002/pros.21433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prostatic inflammation is gaining increasing attention as a potential etiologic factor in prostate cancer, benign prostatic hyperplasia, lower urinary tract symptoms, and CPPS. This study was performed to address the need for a well characterized model of acute prostatic inflammation that may be used to study the effect of acute inflammation on epithelial and stromal cell proliferation, voiding behavior, and neurovascular physiology. METHODS Uropathogenic E. coli 1677 was instilled transurethrally into adult C57BL/6J male mice. Prostates were analyzed at 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, or 14 days post-instillation and compared to saline-instilled and naïve controls. Time course and severity of inflammation were characterized by the quantity and type of inflammatory infiltrate present, hemorrhage, proliferation, and reactive hyperplasia. RT-PCR was performed to characterize inflammatory mediators including IL-1α, IL-1β, IL-1RA, IL-18, IL-6, IL-10, IL-8, TNFα, and COX-2. RESULTS Inflammation was evident in all lobes of the prostate with the DLP most severely affected. Infection consistently led to a significant increase in neutrophils and macrophages in the early stages of prostate infection, followed by lymphocytic inflammation at the later time points. Inflammation was accompanied by induction of several inflammatory genes, including IL-1 family members, IL-6, and COX-2, and induced a significant increase in epithelial proliferation and reactive hyperplasia in all three prostate lobes. CONCLUSIONS Transurethral inoculation of uropathogenic E. coli 1677 reliably infects the mouse prostate, produces a significant inflammatory response, and induces quantifiable epithelial proliferation and reactive hyperplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayli J. Boehm
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Sara A. Colopy
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Travis J. Jerde
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Christopher J. Loftus
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
| | - Wade Bushman
- Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, Wisconsin
- Correspondence to: Dr. Wade Bushman, MD, PhD, Department of Urology, University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, K6/562 Clinical Sciences Center, 600 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53792.
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Kloskowski T, Gurtowska N, Bajek A, Drewa T. Ciprofloxacin as a prophylactic agent against prostate cancer: a "two hit" hypothesis. Med Hypotheses 2011; 78:235-8. [PMID: 22098728 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2011.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2011] [Accepted: 10/23/2011] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
More evidence indicate that prostate inflammation can lead to prostate cancer development. Prostate cancer affects elderly men. Prostate cancer prophylaxis is an important issue because life expectancy is very long now. Ciprofloxacin is an antibacterial agent used mainly in urinary tract infections and prostate inflammation. This drug acts also against cancer cells by the inhibition of topoisomerase II. These properties should allow it to inhibit the development of prostate cancer. Firstly, ciprofloxacin can stop the acute and chronic prostate inflammation which can lead to cancer development. Secondly, ciprofloxacin can potentially kill prostate cancer cells in their early stage of development. Ciprofloxacin accumulates mainly in the prostate after oral intake thus ciprofloxacin seems to be a perfect candidate as a prophylactic agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kloskowski
- Tissue Engineering Department, Chair of Medical Biology, Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
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