1
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Boraldi F, Lofaro FD, Cossarizza A, Quaglino D. The "Elastic Perspective" of SARS-CoV-2 Infection and the Role of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031559. [PMID: 35163482 PMCID: PMC8835950 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Elastin represents the structural component of the extracellular matrix providing elastic recoil to tissues such as skin, blood vessels and lungs. Elastogenic cells secrete soluble tropoelastin monomers into the extracellular space where these monomers associate with other matrix proteins (e.g., microfibrils and glycoproteins) and are crosslinked by lysyl oxidase to form insoluble fibres. Once elastic fibres are formed, they are very stable, highly resistant to degradation and have an almost negligible turnover. However, there are circumstances, mainly related to inflammatory conditions, where increased proteolytic degradation of elastic fibres may lead to consequences of major clinical relevance. In severely affected COVID-19 patients, for instance, the massive recruitment and activation of neutrophils is responsible for the profuse release of elastases and other proteolytic enzymes which cause the irreversible degradation of elastic fibres. Within the lungs, destruction of the elastic network may lead to the permanent impairment of pulmonary function, thus suggesting that elastases can be a promising target to preserve the elastic component in COVID-19 patients. Moreover, intrinsic and extrinsic factors additionally contributing to damaging the elastic component and to increasing the spread and severity of SARS-CoV-2 infection are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.B.); (F.D.L.)
| | - Francesco Demetrio Lofaro
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.B.); (F.D.L.)
| | - Andrea Cossarizza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences for Children and Adults, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy;
| | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.B.); (F.D.L.)
- Correspondence:
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2
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Alshehri S, Susapto HH, Hauser CAE. Scaffolds from Self-Assembling Tetrapeptides Support 3D Spreading, Osteogenic Differentiation, and Angiogenesis of Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Biomacromolecules 2021; 22:2094-2106. [PMID: 33908763 PMCID: PMC8382244 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.1c00205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The apparent rise of bone disorders demands advanced treatment protocols involving tissue engineering. Here, we describe self-assembling tetrapeptide scaffolds for the growth and osteogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs). The rationally designed peptides are synthetic amphiphilic self-assembling peptides composed of four amino acids that are nontoxic. These tetrapeptides can quickly solidify to nanofibrous hydrogels that resemble the extracellular matrix and provide a three-dimensional (3D) environment for cells with suitable mechanical properties. Furthermore, we can easily tune the stiffness of these peptide hydrogels by just increasing the peptide concentration, thus providing a wide range of peptide hydrogels with different stiffnesses for 3D cell culture applications. Since successful bone regeneration requires both osteogenesis and vascularization, our scaffold was found to be able to promote angiogenesis of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in vitro. The results presented suggest that ultrashort peptide hydrogels are promising candidates for applications in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salwa Alshehri
- Laboratory
for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Hepi H. Susapto
- Laboratory
for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Charlotte A. E. Hauser
- Laboratory
for Nanomedicine, Division of Biological and Environmental
Science and Engineering and Computational Bioscience Research Center (CBRC), King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal 23955-6900, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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3
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Heinz A. Elastases and elastokines: elastin degradation and its significance in health and disease. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:252-273. [PMID: 32530323 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1768208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Elastin is an important protein of the extracellular matrix of higher vertebrates, which confers elasticity and resilience to various tissues and organs including lungs, skin, large blood vessels and ligaments. Owing to its unique structure, extensive cross-linking and durability, it does not undergo significant turnover in healthy tissues and has a half-life of more than 70 years. Elastin is not only a structural protein, influencing the architecture and biomechanical properties of the extracellular matrix, but also plays a vital role in various physiological processes. Bioactive elastin peptides termed elastokines - in particular those of the GXXPG motif - occur as a result of proteolytic degradation of elastin and its non-cross-linked precursor tropoelastin and display several biological activities. For instance, they promote angiogenesis or stimulate cell adhesion, chemotaxis, proliferation, protease activation and apoptosis. Elastin-degrading enzymes such as matrix metalloproteinases, serine proteases and cysteine proteases slowly damage elastin over the lifetime of an organism. The destruction of elastin and the biological processes triggered by elastokines favor the development and progression of various pathological conditions including emphysema, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, atherosclerosis, metabolic syndrome and cancer. This review gives an overview on types of human elastases and their action on human elastin, including the formation, structure and biological activities of elastokines and their role in common biological processes and severe pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Heinz
- Department of Pharmacy, LEO Foundation Center for Cutaneous Drug Delivery, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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4
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Boraldi F, Moscarelli P, Lofaro FD, Sabia C, Quaglino D. The mineralization process of insoluble elastin fibrillar structures: Ionic environment vs degradation. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 149:693-706. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.01.250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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5
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Joshi R, Heinz A, Fan Q, Guo S, Monia B, Schmelzer CEH, Weiss AS, Batie M, Parameshwaran H, Varisco BM. Role for Cela1 in Postnatal Lung Remodeling and Alpha-1 Antitrypsin-Deficient Emphysema. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2019; 59:167-178. [PMID: 29420065 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2017-0361oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Alpha-1 antitrypsin (AAT) deficiency-related emphysema is the fourth leading indication for lung transplant. Chymotrypsin-like elastase 1 (Cela1) is a digestive protease that is expressed during lung development in association with regions of elastin remodeling, exhibits stretch-dependent expression during lung regeneration, and binds lung elastin in a stretch-dependent manner. AAT covalently neutralizes Cela1 in vitro. We sought to determine the role of Cela1 in postnatal lung physiology, whether it interacted with AAT in vivo, and to detect any effects it may have in the context of AAT deficiency. The lungs of Cela1-/- mice had aberrant lung elastin structure and higher elastance as assessed with the flexiVent system. On the basis of in situ zymography with ex vivo lung stretch, Cela1 was solely responsible for stretch-inducible lung elastase activity. By mass spectrometry, Cela1 degraded mature elastin similarly to pancreatic elastase. Cela1 promoter and protein sequences were phylogenetically distinct in the placental mammal lineage, suggesting an adaptive role for lung-expressed Cela1 in this clade. A 6-week antisense oligonucleotide mouse model of AAT deficiency resulted in emphysema with increased Cela1 mRNA and reduction of approximately 70 kD Cela1, consistent with covalent binding of Cela1 by AAT. Cela1-/- mice were completely protected against emphysema in this model. Cela1 was increased in human AAT-deficient emphysema. Cela1 is important in physiologic and pathologic stretch-dependent remodeling processes in the postnatal lung. AAT is an important regulator of this process. Our findings provide proof of concept for the development of anti-Cela1 therapies to prevent and/or treat AAT-deficient emphysema.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Heinz
- 2 Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.,3 University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Qiang Fan
- 1 Division of Critical Care Medicine and
| | - Shuling Guo
- 4 Ionis Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California
| | - Brett Monia
- 4 Ionis Pharmaceuticals, La Jolla, California
| | - Christian E H Schmelzer
- 2 Martin Luther University, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany.,5 Fraunhofer Institute for Microstructure of Materials and Systems IMWS, Halle-Wittenberg, Germany
| | - Anthony S Weiss
- 6 Charles Perkins Centre.,7 Life and Environmental Sciences, and.,8 Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Matthew Batie
- 9 Division of Clinical Engineering, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | | | - Brian M Varisco
- 1 Division of Critical Care Medicine and.,11 Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
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6
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Kim JS, Kim D, Kim HJ, Jang A. Protection effect of donkey hide gelatin hydrolysates on UVB-induced photoaging of human skin fibroblasts. Process Biochem 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2018.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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7
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Garlíková Z, Silva AC, Rabata A, Potěšil D, Ihnatová I, Dumková J, Koledová Z, Zdráhal Z, Vinarský V, Hampl A, Pinto-do-Ó P, Nascimento DS. Generation of a Close-to-Native In Vitro System to Study Lung Cells-Extracellular Matrix Crosstalk. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 24:1-13. [PMID: 28895470 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is an essential component of the tissue microenvironment, actively shaping cellular behavior. In vitro culture systems are often poor in ECM constituents, thus not allowing for naturally occurring cell-ECM interactions. This study reports on a straightforward and efficient method for the generation of ECM scaffolds from lung tissue and its subsequent in vitro application using primary lung cells. Mouse lung tissue was subjected to decellularization with 0.2% sodium dodecyl sulfate, hypotonic solutions, and DNase. Resultant ECM scaffolds were devoid of cells and DNA, whereas lung ECM architecture of alveolar region and blood and airway networks were preserved. Scaffolds were predominantly composed of core ECM and ECM-associated proteins such as collagens I-IV, nephronectin, heparan sulfate proteoglycan core protein, and lysyl oxidase homolog 1, among others. When homogenized and applied as coating substrate, ECM supported the attachment of lung fibroblasts (LFs) in a dose-dependent manner. After ECM characterization and biocompatibility tests, a novel in vitro platform for three-dimensional (3D) matrix repopulation that permits live imaging of cell-ECM interactions was established. Using this system, LFs colonized the ECM scaffolds, displaying a close-to-native morphology in intimate interaction with the ECM fibers, and showed nuclear translocation of the mechanosensor yes-associated protein (YAP), when compared with cells cultured in two dimensions. In conclusion, we developed a 3D-like culture system, by combining an efficient decellularization method with a live-imaging culture platform, to replicate in vitro native lung cell-ECM crosstalk. This is a valuable system that can be easily applied to other organs for ECM-related drug screening, disease modeling, and basic mechanistic studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zuzana Garlíková
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic .,2 FNUSA-ICRC-International Clinical Research Center of St. Anne University Hospital Brno , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ana Catarina Silva
- 3 i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Porto, Portugal .,4 INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica , Porto, Portugal .,5 ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar , Porto, Portugal .,6 Gladstone Institutes, University of California San Francisco , San Francisco, California
| | - Anas Rabata
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - David Potěšil
- 7 CEITEC-Central European Institute for Technology, Research Group Proteomics, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ivana Ihnatová
- 7 CEITEC-Central European Institute for Technology, Research Group Proteomics, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jana Dumková
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Koledová
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Zbyněk Zdráhal
- 7 CEITEC-Central European Institute for Technology, Research Group Proteomics, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Vladimír Vinarský
- 2 FNUSA-ICRC-International Clinical Research Center of St. Anne University Hospital Brno , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Hampl
- 1 Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University , Brno, Czech Republic .,2 FNUSA-ICRC-International Clinical Research Center of St. Anne University Hospital Brno , Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Perpétua Pinto-do-Ó
- 3 i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Porto, Portugal .,4 INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica , Porto, Portugal .,5 ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas de Abel Salazar , Porto, Portugal
| | - Diana Santos Nascimento
- 3 i3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde , Porto, Portugal .,4 INEB-Instituto Nacional de Engenharia Biomédica , Porto, Portugal
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8
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Sato N, Taniguchi T, Goda Y, Kosaka H, Higashino K, Sakai T, Katoh S, Yasui N, Sairyo K, Taniguchi H. Proteomic Analysis of Human Tendon and Ligament: Solubilization and Analysis of Insoluble Extracellular Matrix in Connective Tissues. J Proteome Res 2016; 15:4709-4721. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.6b00806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nori Sato
- Department
of Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Takako Taniguchi
- Division
of Disease Proteomics, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Yuichiro Goda
- Department
of Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Kosaka
- Department
of Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Kosaku Higashino
- Department
of Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Toshinori Sakai
- Department
of Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Shinsuke Katoh
- Department
of Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Natsuo Yasui
- Department
of Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Koichi Sairyo
- Department
of Orthopedics, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Tokushima University Graduate School, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
| | - Hisaaki Taniguchi
- Division
of Disease Proteomics, Institute for Enzyme Research, Tokushima University, 3-18-15 Kuramoto-cho, Tokushima 770-8503, Japan
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9
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Schmelzer CE, Nagel MB, Dziomba S, Merkher Y, Sivan SS, Heinz A. Prolyl hydroxylation in elastin is not random. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:2169-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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10
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Heinz A, Huertas ACM, Schräder CU, Pankau R, Gosch A, Schmelzer CEH. Elastins from patients with Williams-Beuren syndrome and healthy individuals differ on the molecular level. Am J Med Genet A 2016; 170:1832-42. [DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.a.37638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Heinz
- Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Institute of Pharmacy; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Angela C. Mora Huertas
- Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Institute of Pharmacy; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Christoph U. Schräder
- Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Institute of Pharmacy; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Rainer Pankau
- Finkelstein-Klinik für Kinder-und Jugendmedizin; Heidekreis-Klinikum; Walsrode Germany
| | - Angela Gosch
- Fakultät für angewandte Sozialwissenschaften FK 11; Hochschule München; München Germany
| | - Christian E. H. Schmelzer
- Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Institute of Pharmacy; Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg; Halle (Saale) Germany
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11
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Joshi R, Liu S, Brown MD, Young SM, Batie M, Kofron JM, Xu Y, Weaver TE, Apsley K, Varisco BM. Stretch regulates expression and binding of chymotrypsin-like elastase 1 in the postnatal lung. FASEB J 2016; 30:590-600. [PMID: 26443822 PMCID: PMC6994241 DOI: 10.1096/fj.15-277350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Lung stretch is critical for normal lung development and for compensatory lung growth after pneumonectomy (PNX), but the mechanisms by which strain induces matrix remodeling are unclear. Our prior work demonstrated an association of chymotrypsin-like elastase 1 (Cela1) with lung elastin remodeling, and that strain triggered a near-instantaneous elastin-remodeling response. We sought to determine whether stretch regulates Cela1 expression and Cela1 binding to lung elastin. In C57BL/6J mice, Cela1 protein increased 176-fold during lung morphogenesis. Cela1 was covalently bound to serpin peptidase inhibitor, clade A, member 1, resulting in a higher molecular mass in lung homogenate compared to pancreas homogenate. Post-PNX, Cela1 mRNA increased 6-fold, protein 3-fold, and Cela1-positive cells 2-fold. Cela1 was expressed predominantly in alveolar type II cells in the embryonic lung and predominantly in CD90-positive lung fibroblasts postnatally. During compensatory lung growth, Cela1 expression was induced in nonproliferative mesenchymal cells. In ex vivo mouse lung sections, stretch increased Cela1 binding to lung tissue by 46%. Competitive inhibition with soluble elastin completely abrogated this increase. Areas of stretch-induced elastase activity and Cela1 binding colocalized. The stretch-dependent expression and binding kinetics of Cela1 indicate an important role in stretch-dependent remodeling of the peripheral lung during development and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashika Joshi
- *Division of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Clinical Engineering, and Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sheng Liu
- *Division of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Clinical Engineering, and Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Montell D Brown
- *Division of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Clinical Engineering, and Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Sarah M Young
- *Division of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Clinical Engineering, and Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Matthew Batie
- *Division of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Clinical Engineering, and Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - J Matthew Kofron
- *Division of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Clinical Engineering, and Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Yan Xu
- *Division of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Clinical Engineering, and Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Timmothy E Weaver
- *Division of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Clinical Engineering, and Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Karen Apsley
- *Division of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Clinical Engineering, and Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Brian M Varisco
- *Division of Critical Care Medicine, Division of Developmental Biology, and Division of Pulmonary Biology, Department of Clinical Engineering, and Biomedical Research Internship for Minority Students Program, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; and Ohio State University College of Veterinary Medicine, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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12
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Li S, Lu J, Li J, Chen X, Yao X, Xi L. HydPred: a novel method for the identification of protein hydroxylation sites that reveals new insights into human inherited disease. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2016; 12:490-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c5mb00681c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
HydPred was presented as the most reliable tool up to now for the identification of protein hydroxylation sites with a user-friendly web server at http://lishuyan.lzu.edu.cn/hydpred/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuyan Li
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Jun Lu
- School of Basic Medical Sciences
- Lanzhou University
- China
| | - Jiazhong Li
- School of Pharmacy
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Ximing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Desert and Desertification
- Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research Institute
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- China
| | - Xiaojun Yao
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering
- Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
| | - Lili Xi
- Department of Pharmacy
- First Hospital of Lanzhou University
- Lanzhou
- China
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13
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Yeo GC, Baldock C, Wise SG, Weiss AS. A negatively charged residue stabilizes the tropoelastin N-terminal region for elastic fiber assembly. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:34815-26. [PMID: 25342751 PMCID: PMC4263881 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.606772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2014] [Revised: 10/21/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropoelastin is an extracellular matrix protein that assembles into elastic fibers that provide elasticity and strength to vertebrate tissues. Although the contributions of specific tropoelastin regions during each stage of elastogenesis are still not fully understood, studies predominantly recognize the central hinge/bridge and C-terminal foot as the major participants in tropoelastin assembly, with a number of interactions mediated by the abundant positively charged residues within these regions. However, much less is known about the importance of the rarely occurring negatively charged residues and the N-terminal coil region in tropoelastin assembly. The sole negatively charged residue in the first half of human tropoelastin is aspartate 72. In contrast, the same region comprises 17 positively charged residues. We mutated this aspartate residue to alanine and assessed the elastogenic capacity of this novel construct. We found that D72A tropoelastin has a decreased propensity for initial self-association, and it cross-links aberrantly into denser, less porous hydrogels with reduced swelling properties. Although the mutant can bind cells normally, it does not form elastic fibers with human dermal fibroblasts and forms fewer atypical fibers with human retinal pigmented epithelial cells. This impaired functionality is associated with conformational changes in the N-terminal region. Our results strongly point to the role of the Asp-72 site in stabilizing the N-terminal segment of human tropoelastin and the importance of this region in facilitating elastic fiber assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giselle C Yeo
- From the School of Molecular Bioscience and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
| | - Clair Baldock
- the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Steven G Wise
- the Heart Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales 2042, Australia, and the Sydney Medical School and
| | - Anthony S Weiss
- From the School of Molecular Bioscience and Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia, Bosch Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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14
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Ryu J, Park SJ, Kim IH, Choi YH, Nam TJ. Protective effect of porphyra-334 on UVA-induced photoaging in human skin fibroblasts. Int J Mol Med 2014; 34:796-803. [PMID: 24946848 PMCID: PMC4121349 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2014.1815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/11/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The significant increase in life expectancy is closely related to the growing interest in the impact of aging on the function and appearance of the skin. Skin aging is influenced by several factors, and solar ultraviolet (UV) irradiation is considered one of the most important causes of skin photoaging. The aim of this study was to examine the anti-photoaging role of porphyra-334 from Porphyra (P.) yezoensis, a mycosporine-like amino acid (MAA), using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). In the present study, extracted UV-absorbing compounds from P. yezoensis included palythine, asterina-330 and porphyra-334. Porphyra-334 was the most abundant MAA in P. yezoensis, and it was therefore used for conducting antiphotoaging experiments. The effect of porphyra-334 on the prevention of photoaging was investigated by measuring reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) levels, as well as extracellular matrix (ECM) components and protein expression in UVA-irradiated human skin fibroblasts. Porphyra-334 suppressed ROS production and the expression of MMPs following UVA irradiation, while increasing levels of ECM components, such as procollagen, type I collagen, elastin. These results suggest that porphyra-334 has various applications in cosmetics and toiletries because of its anti-photoaging activities and may serve as a novel anti-aging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Ryu
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - Su-Jin Park
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Hye Kim
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 619-911, Republic of Korea
| | - Youn Hee Choi
- Institute of Fisheries Sciences, Pukyong National University, Busan 619-911, Republic of Korea
| | - Taek-Jeong Nam
- Department of Food and Life Science, Pukyong National University, Busan 608-737, Republic of Korea
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15
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Liu S, Young SM, Varisco BM. Dynamic expression of chymotrypsin-like elastase 1 over the course of murine lung development. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2014; 306:L1104-16. [PMID: 24793170 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00126.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Postnatal lung development requires coordination of three processes (surface area expansion, microvascular growth, and matrix remodeling). Because normal elastin structure is important for lung morphogenesis, because physiological remodeling of lung elastin has never been defined, and because elastin remodeling is angiogenic, we sought to test the hypothesis that, during lung development, elastin is remodeled in a defined temporal-spatial pattern, that a novel protease is associated with this remodeling, and that angiogenesis is associated with elastin remodeling. By elastin in situ zymography, lung elastin remodeling increased 24-fold between embryonic day (E) 15.5 and postnatal day (PND) 14. Remodeling was restricted to major vessels and airways on PND1 with a sevenfold increase in alveolar wall elastin remodeling from PND1 to PND14. By inhibition assays and literature review, we identified chymotrypsin-like elastase 1 (CELA1) as a potential mediator of elastin remodeling. CELA1 mRNA levels increased 12-fold from E15.5 to PND9, and protein levels increased 3.4-fold from E18.5 to PND9. By costaining experiments, the temporal-spatial pattern of CELA1 expression matched that of elastin remodeling, and 58-85% of CELA1(+) cells were <10 μm from an elastase signal. An association between elastin remodeling and angiogenesis was tested by similar methods. At PND7 and PND14, 60-95% of angiogenin(+) cells were associated with elastin remodeling. Both elastase inhibition and CELA1 silencing impaired angiogenesis in vitro. Our data defines the temporal-spatial pattern of elastin remodeling during lung development, demonstrates an association of this remodeling with CELA1, and supports a role for elastin remodeling in regulating angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Liu
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Sarah Marie Young
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio; and
| | - Brian Michael Varisco
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Research Foundation, Cincinnati, Ohio; and Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio
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16
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The synergetic effect of hydrogel stiffness and growth factor on osteogenic differentiation. Biomaterials 2014; 35:5294-5306. [PMID: 24703716 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.02.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cells respond to various chemical signals as well as environmental aspects of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that may alter cellular structures and functions. Hence, better understanding of the mechanical stimuli of the matrix is essential for creating an adjuvant material that mimics the physiological environment to support cell growth and differentiation, and control the release of the growth factor. In this study, we utilized the property of transglutaminase cross-linked gelatin (TG-Gel), where modification of the mechanical properties of TG-Gel can be easily achieved by tuning the concentration of gelatin. Modifying one or more of the material parameters will result in changes of the cellular responses, including different phenotype-specific gene expressions and functional differentiations. In this study, stiffer TG-Gels itself facilitated focal contact formation and osteogenic differentiation while soft TG-Gel promoted cell proliferation. We also evaluated the interactions between a stimulating factor (i.e. BMP-2) and matrix rigidity on osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo. The results presented in this study suggest that the interactions of chemical and physical factors in ECM scaffolds may work synergistically to enhance bone regeneration.
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17
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Bochicchio B, Laurita A, Heinz A, Schmelzer CEH, Pepe A. Investigating the role of (2S,4R)-4-hydroxyproline in elastin model peptides. Biomacromolecules 2013; 14:4278-88. [PMID: 24127724 DOI: 10.1021/bm4011529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modifications play a key role in defining the biological functions of proteins. Among them, the hydroxylation of proline producing the (2S,4R)-4-hydroxyproline (Hyp) is one of the most frequent modifications observed in vertebrates, being particularly abundant in the proteins of the extracellular matrix. In collagen, hydroxylation of proline plays a critical role, conferring the correct structure and mechanical strength to collagen fibers. In elastin, the exact role of this modification is not yet understood. Here we show that Hyp-containing elastin polypeptides have flexible molecular structures, analogously to proline-containing polypeptides. In turn, the self-assembly of the elastin peptides is significantly altered by the presence of Hyp, evidencing different supramolecular structures. Also the in vitro susceptibility to protease digestion is changed. These findings give a better insight into the elastic fiber formation and degradation processes in the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, our results could contribute in defining the subtle role of proline structural variants in the folding and self-assembly of elastin-inspired peptides, helping the rational design of elastin biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigida Bochicchio
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata , Viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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18
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19
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Fuchs SM. Chemically modified tandem repeats in proteins: natural combinatorial peptide libraries. ACS Chem Biol 2013; 8:275-82. [PMID: 23157399 DOI: 10.1021/cb3005066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Many proteins composed of tandem repeats (a linear motif, directly repeated within the sequence) are substrates for post-translational modifications (PTMs). Tandem repeats are also dynamic in number, presumably due to instability in the underlying DNA sequence. These observations lead to a hypothesis that cells use a combination of PTMs and variability in repeat number to mediate protein function. Evidence of these processes co-regulating diverse aspects of cellular function can be found in all organisms from bacteria to humans, suggesting a common but poorly described mechanism for regulating and diversifying protein function. This review highlights several examples whereby protein modifications and repetitive protein domains impart diversity. Lastly, it speculates on the possibility of using chemically modified repetitive amino acid sequences to develop peptide-based biomolecules with novel functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephen M. Fuchs
- Department of Biology, Tufts University, 200 Boston Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts
02155, United States
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20
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Booth AJ, Hadley R, Cornett AM, Dreffs AA, Matthes SA, Tsui JL, Weiss K, Horowitz JC, Fiore VF, Barker TH, Moore BB, Martinez FJ, Niklason LE, White ES. Acellular normal and fibrotic human lung matrices as a culture system for in vitro investigation. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012; 186:866-76. [PMID: 22936357 DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201204-0754oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 452] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RATIONALE Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic tissue that contributes to organ integrity and function, and its regulation of cell phenotype is a major aspect of cell biology. However, standard in vitro culture approaches are of unclear physiologic relevance because they do not mimic the compositional, architectural, or distensible nature of a living organ. In the lung, fibroblasts exist in ECM-rich interstitial spaces and are key effectors of lung fibrogenesis. OBJECTIVES To better address how ECM influences fibroblast phenotype in a disease-specific manner, we developed a culture system using acellular human normal and fibrotic lungs. METHODS Decellularization was achieved using treatment with detergents, salts, and DNase. The resultant matrices can be sectioned as uniform slices within which cells were cultured. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We report that the decellularization process effectively removes cellular and nuclear material while retaining native dimensionality and stiffness of lung tissue. We demonstrate that lung fibroblasts reseeded into acellular lung matrices can be subsequently assayed using conventional protocols; in this manner we show that fibrotic matrices clearly promote transforming growth factor-β-independent myofibroblast differentiation compared with normal matrices. Furthermore, comprehensive analysis of acellular matrix ECM details significant compositional differences between normal and fibrotic lungs, paving the way for further study of novel hypotheses. CONCLUSIONS This methodology is expected to allow investigation of important ECM-based hypotheses in human tissues and permits future scientific exploration in an organ- and disease-specific manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam J Booth
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, University of Michigan Medical School, 1150 West Medical Center Drive, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-5642, USA
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21
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Chiang HM, Chen HC, Lin TJ, Shih IC, Wen KC. Michelia alba extract attenuates UVB-induced expression of matrix metalloproteinases via MAP kinase pathway in human dermal fibroblasts. Food Chem Toxicol 2012; 50:4260-9. [PMID: 22922035 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation can cause skin photoaging by inducing secretion of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs). It has been reported that MMPs, especially MMP-1, -3 and -9, reduce elasticity of the dermis by degrading collagen. Polyphenols are a group of compounds that exist mainly in glycosides in the plants and they may transform to aglycone after hydrolysis. Polyphenols can inhibit MMP expression and elastase activity. In this study, we investigated the effects of Michelia alba extract (MAE) on expression and activity of MMPs in human skin fibroblast cultures after UVB exposure. The results showed that MAE and its hydrolysates (MAH) inhibited collagenase and elastase activities. In addition, MAE exhibited antioxidant activity, elevated hyaluronic acid content and inhibited UVB-induced MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9 expression. In addition, the zymography assay revealed that MAE also inhibited MMP-9 activity. We also found that MAE inhibited UVB-induced ERK and JNK kinase but not p38 kinase expression, suggesting that MAE may regulate the UVB-induced expression of MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9 via the ERK and JNK kinase pathway. MAE could restore total collagen synthesis reduced by UVB. The results also suggest that MAE treatment may prevent UVB-induced extracellular matrix damage by inhibiting the expression of MMP-1, MMP-3 and MMP-9 through the MAP kinase pathway. Our findings imply that MAE is an effective agent against UVB-induced photodamage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Mei Chiang
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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22
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Barros SC, Martins JA, Marcos JC, Cavaco-Paulo A. Characterization of potential elastase inhibitor-peptides regulated by a molecular switch for wound dressings applications. Enzyme Microb Technol 2012; 50:107-14. [DOI: 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/31/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Abstract
Elastomeric polypeptides are very interesting biopolymers and are characterized by rubber-like elasticity, large extensibility before rupture, reversible deformation without loss of energy, and high resilience upon stretching. Their useful properties have motivated their use in a wide variety of materials and biological applications. This chapter focuses on elastin and resilin - two elastomeric biopolymers - and the recombinant polypeptides derived from them (elastin-like polypeptides and resilin-like polypeptides). This chapter also discusses the applications of these recombinant polypeptides in the fields of purification, drug delivery, and tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark B. van Eldijk
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher L. McGann
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Kristi L. Kiick
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Jan C.M. van Hest
- Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University Nijmegen, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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24
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Heinz A, Jung MC, Jahreis G, Rusciani A, Duca L, Debelle L, Weiss AS, Neubert RHH, Schmelzer CEH. The action of neutrophil serine proteases on elastin and its precursor. Biochimie 2011; 94:192-202. [PMID: 22030899 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2011.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the degradation of the natural substrates tropoelastin and elastin by the neutrophil-derived serine proteases human leukocyte elastase (HLE), proteinase 3 (PR3) and cathepsin G (CG). Focus was placed on determining their cleavage site specificities using mass spectrometric techniques. Moreover, the release of bioactive peptides from elastin by the three proteases was studied. Tropoelastin was comprehensively degraded by all three proteases, whereas less cleavage occurred in mature cross-linked elastin. An analysis of the cleavage site specificities of the three proteases in tropoelastin and elastin revealed that HLE and PR3 similarly tolerate hydrophobic and/or aliphatic amino acids such as Ala, Gly and Val at P(1), which are also preferred by CG. In addition, CG prefers the bulky hydrophobic amino acid Leu and accepts the bulky aromatic amino acids Phe and Tyr. CG shows a strong preference for the charged amino acid Lys at P(1) in tropoelastin, whereas Lys was not identified at P(1) in CG digests of elastin due to extensive cross-linking at Lys residues in mature elastin. All three serine proteases showed a clear preference for Pro at P(2) and P(4)'. With respect to the liberation of potentially bioactive peptides from elastin, the study revealed that all three serine proteases have a similar ability to release bioactive sequences, with CG producing the highest number of these peptides. In bioactivity studies, potentially bioactive peptides that have not been investigated on their bioactivity to date, were tested. Three new bioactive GxxPG motifs were identified; GVYPG, GFGPG and GVLPG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Heinz
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Faculty of Natural Sciences I, Wolfgang-Langenbeck-Str. 4, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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25
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Homology-Driven Proteomics of Dinoflagellates with Unsequenced Genomes Using MALDI-TOF/TOF and Automated De Novo Sequencing. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2011; 2011:471020. [PMID: 21977052 PMCID: PMC3184443 DOI: 10.1155/2011/471020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This study developed a multilayered, gel-based, and underivatized strategy for de novo protein sequence analysis of unsequenced dinoflagellates using a MALDI-TOF/TOF mass spectrometer with the assistance of DeNovo Explorer software. MASCOT was applied as the first layer screen to identify either known or unknown proteins sharing identical peptides presented in a database. Once the confident identifications were removed after searching against the NCBInr database, the remainder was searched against the dinoflagellate expressed sequence tag database. In the last layer, those borderline and nonconfident hits were further subjected to de novo interpretation using DeNovo Explorer software. The de novo sequences passing a reliability filter were subsequently submitted to nonredundant MS-BLAST search. Using this layer identification method, 216 protein spots representing 158 unique proteins out of 220 selected protein spots from Alexandrium tamarense, a dinoflagellate with unsequenced genome, were confidently or tentatively identified by database searching. These proteins were involved in various intracellular physiological activities. This study is the first effort to develop a completely automated approach to identify proteins from unsequenced dinoflagellate databases and establishes a preliminary protein database for various physiological studies of dinoflagellates in the future.
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26
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Hu X, Park SH, Gil ES, Xia XX, Weiss AS, Kaplan DL. The influence of elasticity and surface roughness on myogenic and osteogenic-differentiation of cells on silk-elastin biomaterials. Biomaterials 2011; 32:8979-89. [PMID: 21872326 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.08.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/14/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The interactions of C2C12 myoblasts and human bone marrow stem cells (hMSCs) with silk-tropoelastin biomaterials, and the capacity of each to promote attachment, proliferation, and either myogenic- or osteogenic-differentiation were investigated. Temperature-controlled water vapor annealing was used to control beta-sheet crystal formation to generate insoluble silk-tropoelastin biomaterial matrices at defined ratios of the two proteins. These ratios controlled surface roughness and micro/nano-scale topological patterns, and elastic modulus, stiffness, yield stress, and tensile strength. A combination of low surface roughness and high stiffness in the silk-tropoelastin materials promoted proliferation and myogenic-differentiation of C2C12 cells. In contrast, high surface roughness with micro/nano-scale surface patterns was favored by hMSCs. Increasing the content of human tropoelastin in the silk-tropoelastin materials enhanced the proliferation and osteogenic-differentiation of hMSCs. We conclude that the silk-tropoelastin composition facilitates fine tuning of the growth and differentiation of these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Hu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Medford, MA 02155, USA
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27
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Chiang HM, Lin TJ, Chiu CY, Chang CW, Hsu KC, Fan PC, Wen KC. Coffea arabica extract and its constituents prevent photoaging by suppressing MMPs expression and MAP kinase pathway. Food Chem Toxicol 2010; 49:309-18. [PMID: 21056074 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2010.10.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 10/31/2010] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UV is a potent factor in skin photoaging and photocarcinogenesis. Therefore, investigating the inhibiting mechanisms of photoaging would be useful to enable development of agents to slow down the aging process. UV-irradiation increased metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3, and -9 and then causes collagen and elastin degradation, leading to the formation of coarse wrinkles and sagging skin. Polyphenols, a group of compounds, possessing a variety of biological activities including inhibition of MMP-1 and elastase, are widely distributed in plants including Coffea arabica. In this study, Coffea arabica leaves extract (CAE), its hydrolysates (CAH), chlororgenic acid and caffeic acid, are studied for their anti-photoaging effect. Coffea arabica leaves were extracted with methanol, and the extract was hydrolyzed with different concentrations of hydrochloric acid. The various concentrations of CAE, CAH, chlororgenic acid and caffeic acid were subject to MMPs and elastase inhibition tests. The fibroblast was used for collagen synthesis and MMP-1, -3, -9 inhibition tests on herbal extracts. The results showed that CAE stimulated type I procollagen expression, inhibited MMP-1, -3, -9 expression and inhibited the phosphorylation of JNK, ERK and p38. The results suggest that CAE can prevent photo-damage in skin through inhibiting MMP expression and MAP kinase pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsiu-Mei Chiang
- Department of Cosmeceutics, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
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28
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Bochicchio B, Lorusso M, Pepe A, Tamburro AM. On enhancers and inhibitors of elastin-derived amyloidogenesis. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2009; 4:31-46. [DOI: 10.2217/17435889.4.1.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: The main aim of this study is to better understand the self-aggregation mechanism of amyloid-like elastin-derived fibers in order to design and produce new powerful drugs that will inhibit the onset of ‘amyloidosis’. Materials & methods: Atomic force microscopy (AFM), Congo Red birefringence assay and Thioflavin T fluorescence measurements were used to demonstrate the amyloid-like behavior of some fragments of elastin protein (exon 30 [EX30] and exon 28 [EX28]). Turbidimetry on apparent absorbance technique was used to investigate the effect either of enhancers or of inhibitors on the amyloidogenic elastin-like peptides. Circular-dichroism spectroscopy was used to study the secondary structures of the peptides. Results & discussion: We used Congo Red birefringence assay, Thioflavin T fluorescence measurements and AFM measurements that are used commonly to demonstrate the formation of amyloids. The elastin fibrillogenesis is amyloid-like. Then, the elastin amyloidogenesis is inhibited by particular pentapeptides. Conclusions: We have reported herein that the fibrillogenesis of elastin-derived EX28 and EX30 polypeptides is facilitated significantly by the effect of sodium taurocholate bile salt and is inhibited by a classical inhibitor of Aβ-amyloid peptide, such as KLVFF, as well as by novel inhibitors, designed by us on the basis of some elastin sequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigida Bochicchio
- University of Basilicata, Department of Chemistry, Via N. Sauro 85, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Marina Lorusso
- University of Basilicata, Department of Chemistry, Via N. Sauro 85, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonietta Pepe
- University of Basilicata, Department of Chemistry, Via N. Sauro 85, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Antonio Mario Tamburro
- University of Basilicata, Department of Chemistry, Via N. Sauro 85, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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29
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Wang B, Malik R, Nigg EA, Körner R. Evaluation of the Low-Specificity Protease Elastase for Large-Scale Phosphoproteome Analysis. Anal Chem 2008; 80:9526-33. [DOI: 10.1021/ac801708p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Rainer Malik
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Erich A. Nigg
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
| | - Roman Körner
- Department of Cell Biology, Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, 82152 Martinsried, Germany
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30
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Broekelmann TJ, Ciliberto CH, Shifren A, Mecham RP. Modification and functional inactivation of the tropoelastin carboxy-terminal domain in cross-linked elastin. Matrix Biol 2008; 27:631-9. [PMID: 18602002 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2008.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2008] [Revised: 06/06/2008] [Accepted: 06/09/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The carboxy-terminus of tropoelastin is a highly conserved, atypical region of the molecule with sequences that define both cell and matrix interactions. This domain also plays a critical but unknown role in the assembly and crosslinking of tropoelastin during elastic fiber maturation. Using a competitive ELISA with an antibody to an elastase-resistant epitope in the carboxy-terminus of tropoelastin (domain-36), we quantified levels of the domain-36 sequence in elastase-derived peptides from mature, insoluble elastin. We found that the amount of carboxy-terminal epitope in elastin is approximately 0.2% of the expected value, assuming each tropoelastin monomer that is incorporated into the insoluble polymer has an intact carboxy-terminus. The low levels suggest that the majority of domain-36 sequence is either removed at some stage of elastin assembly or that the antigenic epitope is altered by posttranslational modification. Biochemical evidence is presented for a potential lysine-derived cross-link in this region, which would alter the extractability and antigenicity of the carboxy-terminal epitope. These results show that there is little or no unmodified domain-36 in mature elastin, indicating that the cell and matrix binding activities associated with this region of tropoelastin are lost or modified as elastin matures. A crosslinking function for domain-36 may serve to help register the multiple crosslinking sites in elastin and explains why mutations that alter the domain-36 sequence have detrimental effects on elastic fiber assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Broekelmann
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO 63110, USA
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31
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Taddese S, Weiss AS, Neubert RHH, Schmelzer CEH. Mapping of macrophage elastase cleavage sites in insoluble human skin elastin. Matrix Biol 2008; 27:420-8. [PMID: 18334288 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2008.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2007] [Revised: 02/03/2008] [Accepted: 02/04/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Macrophage elastase (MMP-12) is a member of the family of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and is active against multiple extracellular protein substrates such as elastin. Its effect on elastin is central to emphysema in the lung and photoaging of skin. Its expression in the skin increases on photodamaged skin and upon aging. Detecting and characterizing peptides cleaved in elastin, therefore, helps to understand such degradative disease processes in the skin and is also needed to assist in the rational design of agents that specifically inhibit the degradation. In this study, cleavage sites of MMP-12 in human skin elastin were extensively investigated. The peptides formed as a result of cleavages by this enzyme in the human skin elastin were characterized using mass spectrometry. A total of 41 peptides ranging from 4 to 41 amino acids were identified and 36 cleavage sites were determined. Amino acids encoded by exons 5, 6, 26, 28-31 were particularly susceptible to cleavages by MMP-12 and none or very few cleavages were detected from domains encoded by the remaining exons. The amino acid preferences of the different subsites on the catalytic domain of MMP-12 were analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Taddese
- Institute of Pharmacy, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
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Tannu NS, Hemby SE. De novo protein sequence analysis of Macaca mulatta. BMC Genomics 2007; 8:270. [PMID: 17686166 PMCID: PMC1965481 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-8-270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2006] [Accepted: 08/08/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Macaca mulatta is one of the most utilized non-human primate species in biomedical research offering unique behavioral, neuroanatomical, and neurobiochemcial similarities to humans. This makes it a unique organism to model various diseases such as psychiatric and neurodegenerative illnesses while also providing insight into the complexities of the primate brain. A major obstacle in utilizing rhesus monkey models for human disease is the paucity of protein annotations for this species (~42,000 protein annotations) compared to 330,210 protein annotations for humans. The lack of available information limits the use of rhesus monkey for proteomic scale studies which rely heavily on database searches for protein identification. While characterization of proteins of interest from Macaca mulatta using the standard database search engines (e.g., MASCOT) can be accomplished, searches must be performed using a 'broad species database' which does not provide optimal confidence in protein annotation. Therefore, it becomes necessary to determine partial or complete amino acid sequences using either manual or automated de novo peptide sequence analysis methods. Results The recently popularized MALDI-TOF-TOF mass spectrometer yields a complex MS/MS fragmentation pattern difficult to characterize by manual de novo sequencing method on a proteomics scale. Therefore, PEAKS assisted de novo sequencing was performed on nucleus accumbens cytosolic proteins from Macaca mulatta. The most abundant peptide fragments 'b-ions and y-ions', the less abundant peptide fragments 'a-ions' as well as the immonium ions were utilized to develop confident and complete peptide sequences de novo from MS/MS spectra. The generated sequences were used to perform homology searches to characterize the protein identification. Conclusion The current study validates a robust method to confidently characterize the proteins from an incomplete sequence database of Macaca mulatta, using the PEAKS de novo sequencing software, facilitating the use of this animal model in various neuroproteomics studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nilesh S Tannu
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Scott E Hemby
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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Peters-Libeu CA, Newhouse Y, Hall SC, Witkowska HE, Weisgraber KH. Apolipoprotein E*dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine particles are ellipsoidal in solution. J Lipid Res 2007; 48:1035-44. [PMID: 17308333 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m600545-jlr200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Apolipoprotein E (apoE) is a major protein component of cholesterol-transporting lipoprotein particles in the central nervous system and in plasma. Polymorphisms of apoE are associated with cardiovascular disease and with a predisposition to Alzheimer's disease and other forms of neurodegeneration. For full biological activity, apoE must be bound to a lipoprotein particle. Complexes of apoE and phospholipid mimic many of these activities. In contrast to a widely accepted discoidal model of apoA-I bound to dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine, which is based on solution studies, an X-ray diffraction study of apoE bound to dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC) indicated that apoE*DPPC particles are quasi-spheroidal and that the packing of the phospholipid core is similar to a micelle. Using small-angle X-ray scattering, we show that apoE*DPPC particles in solution are ellipsoidal and that the shape of the phospholipid core is compatible with a twisted-bilayer model. The proposed model is consistent with the results of mass spectrometric analysis of products of limited proteolysis. These revealed that the nonlipid-bound regions of apoE in the particle are consistent with an alpha-helical hairpin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clare A Peters-Libeu
- Gladstone Institute of Neurological Disease, Biomolecular Resource Center Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Cell and Tissue Biology, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, USA
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Lombard C, Arzel L, Bouchu D, Wallach J, Saulnier J. Human leukocyte elastase hydrolysis of peptides derived from human elastin exon 24. Biochimie 2006; 88:1915-21. [PMID: 16945464 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2006.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2006] [Accepted: 07/13/2006] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
In normal and pathological tissues, polymorphonuclear leukocyte proteases (elastase, cathepsin G and proteinase 3) may generate soluble peptides through limited proteolysis of elastin, the main component of mature elastic fibres. Elastin-derived peptides display diverse biological activities including cell migration, differentiation, proliferation, chemotaxis, tumor progression and up-regulation of metalloproteinases. To be biologically active, their structures must adopt a beta-turn conformation which accommodates to the cell surface-located elastin binding protein. In this study, we established that human elastin exon 24-derived peptides are hydrolysed by leukocyte elastase, when the active site is fully occupied (from S(5) to S'(3)). As shown by mass spectrometry analyses, a major cleavage site was demonstrated at a Val-Ala bond and a minor one at Gly-Val bond. For longer peptides, the hydrolysed fragments could themselves be re-hydrolysed. If the shortest fragments do not contain the GxxPG sequence known to stimulate cellular effects, some of the intermediates together with hydrolysis fragments generated by other proteases such as proteinase 3, may possess this motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Lombard
- Laboratoire de Biochimie Analytique et Synthèse Bioorganique, UFR Chimie-Biochimie, Bâtiment Chevreul, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, 43 boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
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Sato F, Wachi H, Starcher BC, Murata H, Amano S, Tajima S, Seyama Y. The characteristics of elastic fiber assembled with recombinant tropoelastin isoform. Clin Biochem 2006; 39:746-53. [PMID: 16690047 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2006.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2005] [Revised: 01/20/2006] [Accepted: 02/24/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE It is known that elastin mRNA is transcribed from a single gene. The variety of tropoelastin isoforms results from multiple alternative splicing of the primary transcript. The purpose of this study was to investigate the characteristics of elastic fiber assembled with tropoelastin isoform, which is full-length human tropoelastin (HTE), exon 26A missing tropoelastin (Delta26A), and exon 32 missing tropoelastin (Delta32). DESIGN AND METHODS We demonstrated the process of elastic fiber assembly and the existence of elastic fiber resistant to pancreatic elastase with HTE, Delta26A, or Delta32 fiber using an in vitro model of elastic fiber assembly. These elastic fibers were evaluated by immunofluorescent staining, the quantitative analysis of cross-linked amino acids, and semi-quantitative analysis of matrix-associated tropoelastin. RESULTS There were no big differences getting into the matrix among these tropoelastins in immunofluorescence microscopy and semi-quantitative analysis. In the comparison with the HTE, the Delta26A and the Delta32 significantly increased and decreased, respectively, the formation of cross-linking amino acids and the binding to scaffold proteins. Furthermore, it was found that it is difficult to degrade the Delta26A assembly with pancreatic elastase as compared with HTE or Delta32 assembly. CONCLUSION The elastic fiber assembled with the tropoelastin isoforms was characterized using an in vitro model. The present study provides important information regarding the pathology of human diseases including emphysema and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumiaki Sato
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Hoshi University School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, 2-4-41 Ebara, Tokyo, 142-8501, Japan
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