1
|
Hao N, Liang S, Sun W, Zhang S, Wang Y, Tian X. High Value-Added Application of Natural Products in Crop Protection: Discovery and Exploration of Caffeoyl and Flavonoid Derivatives from Clematis brevicaudata DC. as Novel Insecticide Candidates. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:7919-7932. [PMID: 38554092 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c09623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
Nine caffeoyl derivatives (1-9), including two new dicaffeoyl glycosides, brevicaudatosides A and B (1 and 2), and six flavonoids (10-15), were identified from overground Clematis brevicaudata DC. Compounds 1 and 13 exhibited significant oral toxicities against Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris with LC50 (half-lethal concentration) values of 0.12 and 0.28 mM, respectively. Meanwhile, compounds 1, 8, 10, 13, and 15 showed remarkable repellent effects against A. pisum with the repellent indexes valued at 1.00 under 50-200 μg/mL at 24 h. Compounds 1 and 8 also displayed moderate antifeedant activities against Plutella xylostella L. The shrunken bodies, especially for wizened cauda, and the ultrastructural damages of microvilli, mitochondrion, nucleus, and endoplasmic reticulum in midgut were toxic symptoms of A. pisum caused by 1 and 13. The inhibition of Chitinase was the main reason for their potent insecticidal activities. This study provided valuable pieces of evidence for the high value-added application of caffeoyl and flavonoid derivatives from C. brevicaudata as novel plant-origin biopesticides for crop protection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Shuangshuang Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
| | - Wenjing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - SunAo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Yuanyuan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Xiangrong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, P. R. China
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Economic Plant Resources Development and Utilization, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Jolly A, Hour Y, Lee YC. An outlook on the versatility of plant saponins: A review. Fitoterapia 2024; 174:105858. [PMID: 38365071 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2024.105858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024]
Abstract
The abundance of saponin-rich plants across different ecosystems indicates their great potential as a replacement for harmful synthetic surfactants in modern commercial products. These organic saponins have remarkable biological and surface-active properties and align with sustainable and eco-friendly practices. This article examines and discusses the structure and properties of plant saponins with high yield of saponin concentrations and their exploitable applications. This highlights the potential of saponins as ethical substitutes for traditional synthetic surfactants and pharmacological agents, with favorable effects on the economy and environment. For this purpose, studies on the relevant capabilities, structure, and yield of selected plants were thoroughly examined. Studies on the possible uses of the selected saponins have also been conducted. This in-depth analysis highlights the potential of saponins as workable and ethical replacements for traditional synthetic medications and surfactants, thus emphasizing their favorable effects on human health and the environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annu Jolly
- Department of BioNanotechnology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeon-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Youl Hour
- 125-6, Techno 2-ro, Yuseong-gu, Daejeon 34024, BTGin co., Ltd., Republic of Korea.
| | - Young-Chul Lee
- Department of BioNanotechnology, Gachon University, 1342 Seongnam-Daero, Sujeon-Gu, Seongnam-Si, Gyeonggi-Do 13120, Republic of Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Yang C, Halitschke R, O'Connor SE. OXIDOSQUALENE CYCLASE 1 and 2 influence triterpene biosynthesis and defense in Nicotiana attenuata. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 194:2580-2599. [PMID: 38101922 PMCID: PMC10980520 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenes are a class of bioactive compounds with diverse biological functions, playing pivotal roles in plant defense against biotic stressors. Oxidosqualene cyclases (OSCs) serve as gatekeepers in the biosynthesis of triterpenes. In this study, we utilized a Nicotiana benthamiana heterologous expression system to characterize NaOSC1 from Nicotiana attenuata as a multifunctional enzyme capable of synthesizing lupeol, dammarenediol II, 3-alpha,20-lupanediol, and 7 other triterpene scaffolds. We also demonstrated that NaOSC2 is, in contrast, a selective enzyme, producing only the β-amyrin scaffold. Through virus-induced gene silencing and in vitro toxicity assays, we elucidated the roles of NaOSC1 and NaOSC2 in the defense of N. attenuata against Manduca sexta larvae. Metabolomic and feature-based molecular network analyses of leaves with silenced NaOSC1 and NaOSC2 unveiled 3 potential triterpene glycoside metabolite clusters. Interestingly, features identified as triterpenes within these clusters displayed a significant negative correlation with larval mass. Our study highlights the pivotal roles of NaOSC1 and NaOSC2 from N. attenuata in the initial steps of triterpene biosynthesis, subsequently influencing defense against M. sexta through the modulation of downstream triterpene glycoside compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Caiqiong Yang
- Department of Molecular Ecology, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Rayko Halitschke
- Mass Spectrometry and Metabolomics, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
| | - Sarah E O'Connor
- Department of Natural Product Biosynthesis, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Hans-Knöll-Straße 8, Jena D-07745, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marques MEM, de Carvalho AC, Yendo ACA, Magedans YVS, Zachert E, Fett-Neto AG. Phytotoxicity of Quillaja lancifolia Leaf Saponins and Their Bioherbicide Potential. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:663. [PMID: 36771747 PMCID: PMC9919483 DOI: 10.3390/plants12030663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Weeds are major threats to the integrity of agricultural and natural environments due to their invasive and competing potential. Bioherbicides are substances based on natural compounds that are biodegradable and often have low residual effects. Plant species able to produce and release phytotoxic compounds may represent effective bioherbicide sources. Leaves of Quillaja lancifolia D.Don (formerly Q. brasiliensis (A.St.-Hil. & Tul.) Mart.) produce water-soluble specialized metabolites of the saponin class that could be evaluated for phytotoxic activity and potential as natural herbicides. This study was conducted to examine the impacts of Q. lancifolia total saponins aqueous extract (AE) at 4 and 10% (w/v) and of two combined reverse-phase chromatography purified saponin fractions (QB) at 1 and 2% (w/v) on morpho-physiological parameters of Lactuca sativa (lettuce) and Echinochloa crus-galli (barnyardgrass) in pre- and post-emergence bioassays. QB was only tested in pre-emergence assays. In pre-emergence bioassays, the germination rate and germination kinetics were determined. Post-emergence evaluations included effects on seedling morphology, root and shoot length, dry mass, and chlorophyll content. Osmotic potential and pH analyses ruled out roles for these factors in the observed responses. AE had a high inhibitory impact on the germination of both lettuce and barnyardgrass. QB at 1% and 2% (w/v) significantly decreased the growth of lettuce seedlings germinated in its presence by more than 10-fold. Phytotoxic effects on the post-emergence growth of lettuce, especially at the highest concentration tested of AE (10% w/v), was also observed. The presence of quillaic acid-based triterpene saponins in AE and QB was confirmed using different analytical methods. Therefore, both saponin-enriched fraction and aqueous extracts of Q. lancifolia inhibited tested plant growth and development. The water solubility of saponins and the availability of a sustainable source of these molecules from the leaves of cultivated young Q. lancifolia plants make them attractive candidates for use as bioherbicides.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria E. M. Marques
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana C. de Carvalho
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Anna C. A. Yendo
- Arborea Biotechnology, Center for Biotechnology Start Up Incubator (IECBiot), UFRGS, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Yve V. S. Magedans
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Eliane Zachert
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| | - Arthur G. Fett-Neto
- Plant Physiology Laboratory, Center for Biotechnology and Department of Botany, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre 91501-970, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ye S, Zhao L, Qi Y, Yang H, Hu Z, Hao N, Li Y, Tian X. Identification of azukisapogenol triterpenoid saponins from Oxytropis hirta Bunge and their aphicidal activities against pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2023; 79:55-67. [PMID: 36067067 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acyrthosiphon pisum Harris is the most destructive pest worldwide because of its ability to feed on plants directly and transmit plant viruses as a vector. This study aims to identify triterpenoid saponins from Oxytropis hirta Bunge as biopesticides to control aphids. RESULTS Three new azukisapogenol triterpenoid saponins (1-3), a new pinoresinol lignan glycoside (8), and four known saponins (4-7) were identified from the root of O. hirta. Compounds 4-7 displayed significant aphicidal activities against A. pisum with oral toxicities (LC50 = 51.10-147.43 μg/mL, 72 h), deterrent effects (deterrence index = 1.00, 100-200 μg/mL, 24 h), and aphid reproduction inhibitory effects (inhibition rates = 75.91-86.73%, 400 μg/mL, 24 h), respectively. The carboxyl groups at C-3 GlcA and C-30 were functional groups for their aphicidal activities. The toxic symptoms caused by the optimal 5 involved insect body-color changes from light green to dark or gray-green, and then brown until death. The intestinal cavity, apical microvilli, nuclei, mitochondria, and electron dense granules in the midgut tissues of A. pisum were the target sites showing aphicidal activity. The suppression of pepsin and α-amylase, and the activation of lipase and trypsin could be the signs of organelle damage in the midgut tissues. CONCLUSION Azukisapogenol triterpenoid saponins from O. hirta could be used as biopesticides to control aphids for their multiple efficacies, including oral toxicity, deterrent activity, and reproduction inhibitory activity. The toxic symptoms involved insect body-color changes. Midgut tissues and their related enzymes were the targets for saponins showing aphicidal activities. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengwei Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Long Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Yinyin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Zilong Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Nan Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Yantao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| | - Xiangrong Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology for Arid Areas, College of Forestry, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, PR China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Zaynab M, Sharif Y, Abbas S, Afzal MZ, Qasim M, Khalofah A, Ansari MJ, Khan KA, Tao L, Li S. Saponin toxicity as key player in plant defense against pathogens. Toxicon 2021; 193:21-27. [PMID: 33508310 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2021.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Microbial pathogens attack every plant tissue, including leaves, roots, shoots, and flowers during all growth stages. Thus, they cause several diseases resulting in a plant's failure or loss of the whole crop in severe cases. To combat the pathogens attack, plants produce some biologically active toxic compounds known as saponins. The saponins are secondary metabolic compounds produced in healthy plants with potential anti-pathogenic activity and serve as potential chemical barriers against pathogens. Saponins are classified into two major groups the steroidal and terpenoid saponins. Here, we reported the significance of saponin toxins in the war against insect pests, fungal, and bacterial pathogens. Saponins are present in both cultivated (chilies, spinach, soybean, quinoa, onion, oat, tea, etc.) and wild plant species. As they are natural toxic constituents of plant defense, breeders and plant researchers aiming to boost plant imm unity should focus on transferring these compounds in cash crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Madiha Zaynab
- College of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China; Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, China; Shenzhen Environmental Monitoring Center, Shenzhen, 518049, Guangdong, China
| | - Yasir Sharif
- College of Plant Protection, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, 350002, Fujian, China
| | - Safdar Abbas
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Zohaib Afzal
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Qasim
- Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects,Institute of Insect Science,Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Ahlam Khalofah
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Javed Ansari
- Department of Botany, Hindu College Moradabad (MJP Rohilkhand University Bareilly), 244001, India
| | - Khalid Ali Khan
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Research Center for Advanced Materials Science (RCAMS), King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia; Unit of Bee Research and Honey Production, Faculty of Science, King Khalid University, P.O. Box 9004, Abha, 61413, Saudi Arabia
| | - Li Tao
- Shenzhen Base of South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Shenzhen, China
| | - Shuangfei Li
- Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresource & Eco-environmental Sciences, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518071, China.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Qin D, Liu B, Zhang P, Zheng Q, Luo P, Ye C, Zhao W, Zhang Z. Treating green pea aphids, Myzus persicae, with azadirachtin affects the predatory ability and protective enzyme activity of harlequin ladybirds, Harmonia axyridis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 212:111984. [PMID: 33517036 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.111984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
As a natural enemy of green peach aphids, harlequin ladybirds, Harmonia axyridis Pallas (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), are also indirectly affected by azadirachtin. In this study, we evaluated the effects of ladybird exposure to azadirachtin through azadirachtin-treated aphids. About 2 mg/L azadirachtin treated aphid can deliver the azadirachtin to ladybird larvae in 12 and 24 h. And azadirachtin treatment affected the rate at which fourth instar larvae and adult ladybirds preyed on aphids. Furthermore, the antifeedant effect increased with increasing azadirachtin concentrations. Twelve hours after exposing fourth instar ladybird larvae to aphids treated with 10 mg/L azadirachtin, the antifeedant effect was 47.70%. Twelve hours after exposing adult ladybirds to aphids treated with 2 mg/L azadirachtin, the antifeedant effect was 67.49%. Forty-eight hours after exposing ladybird larvae to azadirachtin-treated aphids, their bodyweights were 8.37 ± 0.044 mg (2 mg/L azadirachtin), 3.70 ± 0.491 mg (10 mg/L azadirachtin), and 2.39 ± 0.129 mg (50 mg/L azadirachtin). Treatment with azadirachtin affected the ability of ladybirds to prey on aphids. The results indicated that the instant attack rate of ladybird larvae and adults and the daily maximum predation rate were reduced by azadirachtin treatment. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), and peroxide (CAT) enzyme activities of ladybirds were affected after feeding on aphids treated with azadirachtin. Azadirachtin has certain antifeedant effects on ladybirds and affects the ability of ladybirds to prey on aphids and the activities of SOD, POD, and CAT enzymes, which results in inhibition of normal body development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Deqiang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Benju Liu
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Peiwen Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Qun Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Peiru Luo
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Cuiyi Ye
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Weihua Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China
| | - Zhixiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Natural Pesticide and Chemical Biology of the Ministry of Education, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Nguyen VT, Le MD, Nguyen TTT, Khong TT, Nguyen VH, Nguyen HN, Huynh BND, Tran HTM, Trang TS. Microwave‐assisted extraction for optimizing saponin yield and antioxidant capacity from cacao pod husk (
Theobroma cacao
L.). J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2021. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.15134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Van Tang Nguyen
- Research, Development and Teaching Group on Functional Foods Nha Trang University Nha Trang Vietnam
- Faculty of Food Technology Nha Trang University Nha Trang Vietnam
| | - Minh Duong Le
- Department of Agriculture and Rural Development Bac Lieu Vietnam
- Department of Marine Science University of Otago Dunedin New Zealand
| | - Trang Thi Thuy Nguyen
- Research, Development and Teaching Group on Functional Foods Nha Trang University Nha Trang Vietnam
| | - Thang Trung Khong
- Research, Development and Teaching Group on Functional Foods Nha Trang University Nha Trang Vietnam
| | - Van Hoa Nguyen
- Research, Development and Teaching Group on Functional Foods Nha Trang University Nha Trang Vietnam
| | - Huu Nghia Nguyen
- Research, Development and Teaching Group on Functional Foods Nha Trang University Nha Trang Vietnam
| | - Bao Nguyen Duy Huynh
- Research, Development and Teaching Group on Functional Foods Nha Trang University Nha Trang Vietnam
- Faculty of Food Technology Nha Trang University Nha Trang Vietnam
| | - Hanh Thi My Tran
- Research, Development and Teaching Group on Functional Foods Nha Trang University Nha Trang Vietnam
| | - Trung Si Trang
- Research, Development and Teaching Group on Functional Foods Nha Trang University Nha Trang Vietnam
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Khan S, Taning CNT, Bonneure E, Mangelinckx S, Smagghe G, Ahmad R, Fatima N, Asif M, Shah MM. Bioactivity-guided isolation of rosmarinic acid as the principle bioactive compound from the butanol extract of Isodon rugosus against the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215048. [PMID: 31233534 PMCID: PMC6590782 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Aphids are agricultural pest insects that transmit viruses and cause feeding damage on a global scale. Current pest control practices involving the excessive use of synthetic insecticides over many years have resulted in aphid resistance to a number of pesticides. In nature, plants produce secondary metabolites during their interaction with insects and these metabolites can act as toxicants, antifeedants, anti-oviposition agents and deterrents towards the insects. In a previous study, we demonstrated that the butanol fraction from a crude methanolic extract of an important plant species, Isodon rugosus showed strong insecticidal activity against the pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisum. To further explore this finding, the current study aimed to exploit a bioactivity-guided strategy to isolate and identify the active compound in the butanol fraction of I. rugosus. As such, reversed-phase flash chromatography, acidic extraction and different spectroscopic techniques were used to isolate and identify the new compound, rosmarinic acid, as the bioactive compound in I. rugosus. Insecticidal potential of rosmarinic acid against A. pisum was evaluated using standard protocols and the data obtained was analyzed using qualitative and quantitative statistical approaches. Considering that a very low concentration of this compound (LC90 = 5.4 ppm) causes significant mortality in A. pisum within 24 h, rosmarinic acid could be exploited as a potent insecticide against this important pest insect. Furthermore, I. rugosus is already used for medicinal purposes and rosmarinic acid is known to reduce genotoxic effects induced by chemicals, hence it is expected to be safer compared to the current conventional pesticides. While this study highlights the potential of I. rugosus as a possible biopesticide source against A. pisum, it also provides the basis for further exploration and development of formulations for effective field application.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saira Khan
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Clauvis Nji Tizi Taning
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Elias Bonneure
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sven Mangelinckx
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Guy Smagghe
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Raza Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Nighat Fatima
- Department of Pharmacy, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Asif
- Department of Management Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| | - Mohammad Maroof Shah
- Department of Biotechnology, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Palmer NA, Basu S, Heng-Moss T, Bradshaw JD, Sarath G, Louis J. Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda Smith) feeding elicits differential defense responses in upland and lowland switchgrass. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0218352. [PMID: 31194847 PMCID: PMC6564039 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0218352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) is a low input, high biomass perennial grass being developed for the bioenergy sector. Upland and lowland cultivars can differ in their responses to insect herbivory. Fall armyworm [FAW; Spodoptera frugiperda JE Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] is a generalist pest of many plant species and can feed on switchgrass as well. Here, in two different trials, FAW larval mass were significantly reduced when fed on lowland cultivar Kanlow relative to larvae fed on upland cultivar Summer plants after 10 days. Hormone content of plants indicated elevated levels of the plant defense hormone jasmonic acid (JA) and its bioactive conjugate JA-Ile although significant differences were not observed. Conversely, the precursor to JA, 12-oxo-phytodienoic acid (OPDA) levels were significantly different between FAW fed Summer and Kanlow plants raising the possibility of differential signaling by OPDA in the two cultivars. Global transcriptome analysis revealed a stronger response in Kanlow plant relative to Summer plants. Among these changes were a preferential upregulation of several branches of terpenoid and phenylpropanoid biosynthesis in Kanlow plants suggesting that enhanced biosynthesis or accumulation of antifeedants could have negatively impacted FAW larval mass gain on Kanlow plants relative to Summer plants. A comparison of the switchgrass-FAW RNA-Seq dataset to those from maize-FAW and switchgrass-aphid interactions revealed that key components of plant responses to herbivory, including induction of JA biosynthesis, key transcription factors and JA-inducible genes were apparently conserved in switchgrass and maize. In addition, these data affirm earlier studies with FAW and aphids that the cultivar Kanlow can provide useful genetics for the breeding of switchgrass germplasm with improved insect resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan A. Palmer
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Saumik Basu
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Tiffany Heng-Moss
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Jeffrey D. Bradshaw
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Gautam Sarath
- Wheat, Sorghum, and Forage Research Unit, USDA-ARS, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| | - Joe Louis
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Sanchez-Arcos C, Kai M, Svatoš A, Gershenzon J, Kunert G. Untargeted Metabolomics Approach Reveals Differences in Host Plant Chemistry Before and After Infestation With Different Pea Aphid Host Races. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:188. [PMID: 30873192 PMCID: PMC6403166 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The pea aphid (Acyrthosiphon pisum), a phloem-sucking insect, has undergone a rapid radiation together with the domestication and anthropogenic range expansion of several of its legume host plants. This insect species is a complex of at least 15 genetically different host races that can all develop on the universal host plant Vicia faba. However, each host race is specialized on a particular plant species, such as Medicago sativa, Trifolium pratense, or Pisum sativum, which makes it an attractive model insect to study ecological speciation. Previous work revealed that pea aphid host plants produce a specific phytohormone profile depending on the host plant – host race combination. Native aphid races induce lower defense hormone levels in their host plant than non-native pea aphid races. Whether these changes in hormone levels also lead to changes in other metabolites is still unknown. We used a mass spectrometry-based untargeted metabolomic approach to identify plant chemical compounds that vary among different host plant-host race combinations and might therefore, be involved in pea aphid host race specialization. We found significant differences among the metabolic fingerprints of the four legume species studied prior to aphid infestation, which correlated with aphid performance. After infestation, the metabolic profiles of M. sativa and T. pratense plants infested with their respective native aphid host race were consistently different from profiles after infestation with non-native host races and from uninfested control plants. The metabolic profiles of P. sativum plants infested with their native aphid host race were also different from plants infested with non-native host races, but not different from uninfested control plants. The compounds responsible for these differences were putatively identified as flavonoids, saponins, non-proteinogenic amino acids and peptides among others. As members of these compound classes are known for their activity against insects and aphids in particular, they may be responsible for the differential performance of host races on native vs. non-native host plants. We conclude that the untargeted metabolomic approach is suitable to identify candidate compounds involved in the specificity of pea aphid – host plant interactions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sanchez-Arcos
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Marco Kai
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Aleš Svatoš
- Research Group Mass Spectrometry/Proteomics, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Jonathan Gershenzon
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
| | - Grit Kunert
- Department of Biochemistry, Max-Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology, Jena, Germany
- *Correspondence: Grit Kunert,
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Schizophyllum commune induced genotoxic and cytotoxic effects in Spodoptera litura. Sci Rep 2018; 8:4693. [PMID: 29549275 PMCID: PMC5856757 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-22919-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
In search for ecofriendly alternatives to chemical insecticides the present study was conducted to assess the insecticidal potential of an endophytic fungus Schizophyllum commune and its mechanism of toxicity by studying genotoxic and cytotoxic effects as well as repair potential using Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) as a model. Different endophytic fungi were isolated and tested for their insecticidal potential against S. litura. Among the tested endophytic fungi maximum mortality against S. litura was exhibited by S. commune isolated from Aloe vera. Extended development, reduced adult emergence was observed in larvae fed on diet supplemented with fungal extract. In addition to it the fungus also has propensity to increase oxidative stress which leads to significantly higher DNA damage. The significantly lower frequency of living haemocytes and increased frequency of apoptotic and necrotic cells was also observed in larvae treated with fungal extract. The extent of recovery of damage caused by fungus was found to be very low indicating long term effect of treatment. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of various phenolics, terpenoids and protein in fungal extract. Biosafety analysis indicated the non toxic nature of extract. This is the first report showing the insecticidal potential of S. commune and the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects associated with it.
Collapse
|
13
|
Singh B, Kaur A. Control of insect pests in crop plants and stored food grains using plant saponins: A review. Lebensm Wiss Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.lwt.2017.08.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
14
|
Fan W, Zhang XL, Shi P, Li J, Wang CZ, Li DF, Zhu XY. Effects of dietary alfalfa saponins on laying performance, egg cholesterol concentration, and ATP-binding cassette transporters G5 and G8 expression in laying hens. JOURNAL OF APPLIED ANIMAL RESEARCH 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/09712119.2018.1454323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenna Fan
- Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xian-lei Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Pengfei Shi
- Animal Science and Technology College, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jia Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Cheng-zhang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - De-feng Li
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiao-yan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, People’s Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Reddy SGE, Dolma SK, Verma PK, Singh B. Insecticidal activities of Parthenium hysterophorus L. extract and parthenin against diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella (L.) and aphid, Aphis craccivora Koch. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1339281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Praveen Kumar Verma
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR–Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Bikram Singh
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR–Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Dolma SK, Sharma E, Gulati A, Reddy SE. Insecticidal activities of tea saponin against diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella and aphid, Aphis craccivora. TOXIN REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15569543.2017.1318405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Eshita Sharma
- Insert Food and Nutraceutical Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | - Ashu Gulati
- Insert Food and Nutraceutical Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Rattan R, Reddy SGE, Dolma SK, Fozdar BI, Gautam V, Sharma R, Sharma U. Triterpenoid Saponins from Clematis graveolens and Evaluation of their Insecticidal Activities. Nat Prod Commun 2015. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1501000909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new hederagenin based triterpenoid saponin, clematograveolenoside A (1), along with three known saponins, tomentoside A (2), huzhangoside D (3) and clematoside S (4), were isolated from the roots and rhizomes of Clematis graveolens. The structure of new compound was elucidated on the basis of detailed analysis of chemical and spectroscopic data including 1D- and 2D NMR spectra. Compound 2 was found the most effective against aphid ( Aphis craccivora) with an LC50 of 1.2 and 0.5 mg/mL after treatment for 72 and 96 h, respectively and was followed by compound 4 (LC50 = 2.3 and 1.9 mg/mL) and 1 (LC50 = 3.2 and 2.6 mg/mL). In case of termite ( Coptotermis homii), compound 1 was found more toxic with an LC50 of 0.1 mg/L after 24 h of treatment followed by compound 2, 3 and 4 (LC50 = 0.1, 0.2 and 0.2 mg/mL, respectively).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rajeev Rattan
- Department of Chemistry, Government Post Graduate College, Dhaliara, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | - S. G. Eswara Reddy
- Entomology Laboratory, Plant Health Management Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
| | - Shudh Kirti Dolma
- Entomology Laboratory, Plant Health Management Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
| | - Bharat Inder Fozdar
- Department of Chemistry, School of Sciences, Indira Gandhi National Open University, New Delhi, India
| | - Veena Gautam
- Department of Chemistry, Government Post Graduate College, Dhaliara, Himachal Pradesh University, Shimla, India
| | - Ritika Sharma
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
| | - Upendra Sharma
- Natural Product Chemistry and Process Development Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh 176 061, India
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Frenkel N, Makky A, Sudji IR, Wink M, Tanaka M. Mechanistic Investigation of Interactions between Steroidal Saponin Digitonin and Cell Membrane Models. J Phys Chem B 2014; 118:14632-9. [DOI: 10.1021/jp5074939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya Frenkel
- Institute for
Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, D76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Motomu Tanaka
- Institute for
Toxicology and Genetics, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology, D76021, Karlsruhe, Germany
- Institute for
Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI iCeMS), Kyoto University, 606-8501 Kyoto, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Zhou L, Shi Y, Guo R, Liang M, Zhu X, Wang C. Digital gene-expression profiling analysis of the cholesterol-lowering effects of alfalfa saponin extract on laying hens. PLoS One 2014; 9:e98578. [PMID: 24886784 PMCID: PMC4041749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0098578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND To prevent cardiovascular disease, people are advised to limit their intake of dietary cholesterol to less than 300 mg/day. Egg consumption has been seriously reduced because of the high levels of cholesterol. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the cholesterol-lowering effects of alfalfa saponin extract (ASE) in yolk and the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects using digital gene-expression profiling analysis. Liver and ovary tissues were isolated from laying hens fed with ASE for RNA sequencing. RESULTS The cholesterol content of the yolks of eggs from hens fed 120 mg/kg ASE declined considerably on day 60. Other groups (60, 240, 480 mg/kg ASE group) also showed decreases, but they were not significant. Digital gene expression generated over nine million reads per sample, producing expression data for least 12,384 genes. Among these genes, 110 genes showed greater than normal expression in the liver and 107 genes showed greater than normal expression in the ovary. Cholesterol 7 alpha-hydroxylase (Cyp7a1) and apolipoprotein H (Apoh), which act in the synthesis of bile acid and cholesterol efflux, showed more expression in the livers of hens given dietary ASE supplementation. In the ovary, levels of very low density lipoprotein receptor (Vldlr), apolipoprotein B (Apob), apovitellenin 1 (ApovldlII) and vitellogenin (VtgI, VtgII and VtgIII) in ovary decreased with dietary ASE supplementation. CONCLUSION Transcriptome analysis revealed that the molecular mechanisms underlying the cholesterol-lowering effects of ASE were partially mediated by enhancement of cholesterol efflux in the liver and this reduced of cholesterol deposition in the ovary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lu Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yinghua Shi
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Rui Guo
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Minggen Liang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhu
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Chengzhang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kamphuis LG, Zulak K, Gao LL, Anderson J, Singh KB. Plant-aphid interactions with a focus on legumes. FUNCTIONAL PLANT BIOLOGY : FPB 2013; 40:1271-1284. [PMID: 32481194 DOI: 10.1071/fp13090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Sap-sucking insects such as aphids cause substantial yield losses in agriculture by draining plant nutrients as well as vectoring viruses. The main method of control in agriculture is through the application of insecticides. However, aphids rapidly evolve mechanisms to detoxify these, so there is a need to develop durable plant resistance to these damaging insect pests. The focus of this review is on aphid interactions with legumes, but work on aphid interactions with other plants, particularly Arabidopsis and tomato is also discussed. This review covers advances on the plant side of the interaction, including the identification of major resistance genes and quantitative trait loci conferring aphid resistance in legumes, basal and resistance gene mediated defence signalling following aphid infestation and the role of specialised metabolites. On the aphid side of the interaction, this review covers what is known about aphid effector proteins and aphid detoxification enzymes. Recent advances in these areas have provided insight into mechanisms underlying resistance to aphids and the strategies used by aphids for successful infestations and have significant impacts for the delivery of durable resistance to aphids in legume crops.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lars G Kamphuis
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
| | - Katherine Zulak
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
| | - Ling-Ling Gao
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
| | | | - Karam B Singh
- CSIRO Plant Industry, Private Bag 5, Wembley, WA 6913, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chakraborty S, Singha S, Bhattacharya K, Chandra G. Control of human filarial vector, Culex quinquefasciatus Say 1823 (Diptera: Culicidae) through bioactive fraction of Cayratia trifolia leaf. Asian Pac J Trop Biomed 2013; 3:980-4. [PMID: 24093790 DOI: 10.1016/s2221-1691(13)60189-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 10/05/2013] [Accepted: 11/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the mosquito larvicidal activity of Cayratia trifolia (L.) Domin (Vitaceae: Vitales) (C. trifolia) which is distributed in many parts of India with medicinal properties as vector control is facing threat due to the emergence of resistance to synthetic insecticides. METHODS Young and mature leaves of C. trifolia were investigated for larvicidal activity against 3rd instars larvae of Culex quinquefasciatus in different seasons throughout the year. The active fractions were extracted using six different solvents in a non-polar to polar fashion viz petroleum-ether, benzene, chloroform: methanol (1:1 v/v), acetone, absolute alcohol and distilled water. Dose dependent mortality was recorded against each solvent extract. Determination of LD50 and LD90 were executed through log-probit analysis using the most bioactive fraction. The fluctuations in mortality were statistically co-related through ANOVA analyses concerning different seasons and types of leaves as random variables. Justification of larvicidal activity was established through student's t-test. Costing effects were evaluated on the non-target water fauna under laboratory conditions. Thin layer chromatographic techniques were performed for phytochemical analysis and categorization of chemical personality of the active fractions using the most effective solvent extract following standard methods. RESULTS Significant variations in mortality rate were noted with respect to the type of leaves (mature and senescence), concentration of leaf extract and between seasons. The water extract among all the solvent extracts was found to induce cent percent mortality at 50 mg/L in test mosquito species within 24 h with a LD50 and LD90 value of 10.70 mg/L and 27.64 mg/L respectively. No significant mortality was recorded in non-target water population. Chromatographic analyses of the water extract revealed the presence of steroids, triterpene glycosides, essential oil, phenolics and diterpenes as secondary phytochemicals. CONCLUSIONS Water extract of C. trifolia leaf promised as a cost effective and potent larvicidal agent against Culex quinquefasciatus.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumanta Chakraborty
- Mosquito and Microbiology Research Units, Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, The University of Burdwan, Burdwan-713104, West Bengal, India
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Tabart J, Colin ME, Carayon JL, Tene N, Payre B, Vetillard A. Artificial feeding of Varroa destructor through a chitosan membrane: a tool for studying the host-microparasite relationship. EXPERIMENTAL & APPLIED ACAROLOGY 2013; 61:107-118. [PMID: 23423425 DOI: 10.1007/s10493-013-9675-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/05/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rearing pests or parasites of very small size in the absence of their living host is a challenge for behavioural, physiological and pathological studies. For feeding Varroa destructor, an ectoparasitic mite of Apis mellifera, a confinement space with a membrane separating the nutritive solution and the space was designed. The mite measures less than 2 mm and bears a perforating apparatus with a length of 15 μm. The membrane, an essential element of the chamber, has a thickness of 0.1 μm, and is made of chitosan. It closes one face of the individual confinement chamber and allows piercing and the ingestion of the nutritive solution. Factors inducing feeding can be applied on the inner walls or on the membrane. In the particular case of Varroa, the highest percentages of feeding mites are obtained by addition of host haemolymph to the nutritive solution, suggesting the kairomonal role of haemolymph in addition to its nutritional one. The membrane concept can be easily applied to several mites or other micro-pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeremy Tabart
- Venoms and Biological Activities Laboratory, EA 4357, PRES-Université de Toulouse, Jean-François Champollion University Center, Albi, France
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Acharjee S, Sarmah BK. Biotechnologically generating 'super chickpea' for food and nutritional security. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2013; 207:108-116. [PMID: 23602105 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 02/05/2013] [Accepted: 02/08/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Chickpea productivity is affected by various constraints that are biotic (Helicoverpa, Aphids, Callosobruchus, Bromus and Orobanche) and abiotic (drought and salinity). In addition, the grains of this legume are deficient in sulfur amino acids, methionine and cysteine. The possibilities for genetic improvement by marker-assisted breeding and selection approaches are limited in chickpeas due to their sexually incompatible gene pool. Transgenic chickpeas expressing either the cry1Ac/b or the cry2Aa gene and the bean α-amylase inhibitor gene are resistant to Helicoverpa and bruchids, respectively, but these chickpeas have yet to be commercialized. Unfortunately, attempts to generate transgenic chickpeas with increased tolerance to drought and salinity or with increased methionine content have been less successful. The commercialization of transgenic chickpeas containing a single transgene may not give adequate yield advantage, as chickpeas are affected by many production constraints in the field and in storage. Gene pyramiding by incorporating two or more genes may be useful because improving one trait at a time will be time-consuming, labor-intensive and costly. Use of modern multi-gene vectors that contain recognition sites for zinc finger nucleases (ZFNs) and homing endonucleases may simplify the incorporation of multiple genes into chickpeas. This approach necessitates a collaborative effort between individuals, public and private organizations to generate 'super chickpeas' that harbor multiple transgenic traits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sumita Acharjee
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jorhat 785013, Assam, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Augustin JM, Drok S, Shinoda T, Sanmiya K, Nielsen JK, Khakimov B, Olsen CE, Hansen EH, Kuzina V, Ekstrøm CT, Hauser T, Bak S. UDP-glycosyltransferases from the UGT73C subfamily in Barbarea vulgaris catalyze sapogenin 3-O-glucosylation in saponin-mediated insect resistance. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2012; 160:1881-95. [PMID: 23027665 PMCID: PMC3510118 DOI: 10.1104/pp.112.202747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2012] [Accepted: 09/30/2012] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Triterpenoid saponins are bioactive metabolites that have evolved recurrently in plants, presumably for defense. Their biosynthesis is poorly understood, as is the relationship between bioactivity and structure. Barbarea vulgaris is the only crucifer known to produce saponins. Hederagenin and oleanolic acid cellobioside make some B. vulgaris plants resistant to important insect pests, while other, susceptible plants produce different saponins. Resistance could be caused by glucosylation of the sapogenins. We identified four family 1 glycosyltransferases (UGTs) that catalyze 3-O-glucosylation of the sapogenins oleanolic acid and hederagenin. Among these, UGT73C10 and UGT73C11 show highest activity, substrate specificity and regiospecificity, and are under positive selection, while UGT73C12 and UGT73C13 show lower substrate specificity and regiospecificity and are under purifying selection. The expression of UGT73C10 and UGT73C11 in different B. vulgaris organs correlates with saponin abundance. Monoglucosylated hederagenin and oleanolic acid were produced in vitro and tested for effects on P. nemorum. 3-O-β-d-Glc hederagenin strongly deterred feeding, while 3-O-β-d-Glc oleanolic acid only had a minor effect, showing that hydroxylation of C23 is important for resistance to this herbivore. The closest homolog in Arabidopsis thaliana, UGT73C5, only showed weak activity toward sapogenins. This indicates that UGT73C10 and UGT73C11 have neofunctionalized to specifically glucosylate sapogenins at the C3 position and demonstrates that C3 monoglucosylation activates resistance. As the UGTs from both the resistant and susceptible types of B. vulgaris glucosylate sapogenins and are not located in the known quantitative trait loci for resistance, the difference between the susceptible and resistant plant types is determined at an earlier stage in saponin biosynthesis.
Collapse
|
25
|
De Geyter E, Swevers L, Caccia S, Geelen D, Smagghe G. Saponins show high entomotoxicity by cell membrane permeation in Lepidoptera. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2012; 68:1199-1205. [PMID: 22461401 DOI: 10.1002/ps.3284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2011] [Revised: 12/18/2011] [Accepted: 01/18/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In this study, the effects of three saponins and one sapogenin with a triterpenoid or steroid structure in two lepidopteran insect cell lines, ovarian Bm5 and midgut CF-203 cells, were analysed with regard to cell viability, cell membrane permeation, EcR responsiveness and DNA fragmentation. In addition, the entomotoxic action of Q. saponaria saponin with primary midgut cell cultures and larval stages of the cotton leafworm Spodoptera littoralis was tested. RESULTS Both lepidopteran cell lines show a high sensitivity to all four sapo(ge)nins, with a concentration-dependent viability loss and EC₅₀ values of 25-100 µM in MTT bioassays. A trypan blue assay with Q. saponaria saponin confirmed rapid cell membrane permeation to be a cause of cytotoxicity. Saponins caused no EcR activation in Bm5 cells, but a loss of ecdysteroid signalling was observed with IC₅₀ values of 5-10 µM. Lower saponin concentrations induced DNA fragmentation, confirming their potential to induce apoptosis. Finally, Q. saponaria saponin caused cytotoxicity in primary midgut cell cultures of S. littoralis (EC(50) = 4.7 µM) and killed 70-84% of S. littoralis larvae at pupation at 30-70 mg g(-1) , while lower concentrations retarded larval weight gain and development. CONCLUSIONS The data obtained provide evidence that saponins exert a strong activity on lepidopteran cells, presumably based on a cytotoxic action due to permeation of the cell membrane. Primary midgut cell cultures and larvae of S. littoralis showed high sensitivity to Q. saponaria saponin, indicating the insect midgut as a primary target for entomotoxicity and the potential use of saponins in the control of pest Lepidoptera.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ellen De Geyter
- Laboratory of Agrozoology, Department of Crop Protection, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Belgium
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Da Silva P, Eyraud V, Carre-Pierrat M, Sivignon C, Rahioui I, Royer C, Gressent F. High toxicity and specificity of the saponin 3-GlcA-28-AraRhaxyl-medicagenate, from Medicago truncatula seeds, for Sitophilus oryzae. BMC CHEMICAL BIOLOGY 2012; 12:3. [PMID: 22536832 PMCID: PMC3388004 DOI: 10.1186/1472-6769-12-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2011] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Because of the increasingly concern of consumers and public policy about problems for environment and for public health due to chemical pesticides, the search for molecules more safe is currently of great importance. Particularly, plants are able to fight the pathogens as insects, bacteria or fungi; so that plants could represent a valuable source of new molecules. RESULTS It was observed that Medicago truncatula seed flour displayed a strong toxic activity towards the adults of the rice weevil Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera), a major pest of stored cereals. The molecule responsible for toxicity was purified, by solvent extraction and HPLC, and identified as a saponin, namely 3-GlcA-28-AraRhaxyl-medicagenate. Saponins are detergents, and the CMC of this molecule was found to be 0.65 mg per mL. Neither the worm Caenorhabditis elegans nor the bacteria E. coli were found to be sensitive to this saponin, but growth of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae was inhibited at concentrations higher than 100 μg per mL. The purified molecule is toxic for the adults of the rice weevils at concentrations down to 100 μg per g of food, but this does not apply to the others insects tested, including the coleopteran Tribolium castaneum and the Sf9 insect cultured cells. CONCLUSIONS This specificity for the weevil led us to investigate this saponin potential for pest control and to propose the hypothesis that this saponin has a specific mode of action, rather than acting via its non-specific detergent properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Da Silva
- Université de Lyon, INRA, INSA-Lyon, IFR-41, UMR203 BF2I, Biologie Fonctionnelle Insectes et Interactions, 20 ave A, Einstein, Villeurbanne, F-69621, France.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Chougule NP, Bonning BC. Toxins for transgenic resistance to hemipteran pests. Toxins (Basel) 2012; 4:405-29. [PMID: 22822455 PMCID: PMC3398418 DOI: 10.3390/toxins4060405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The sap sucking insects (Hemiptera), which include aphids, whiteflies, plant bugs and stink bugs, have emerged as major agricultural pests. The Hemiptera cause direct damage by feeding on crops, and in some cases indirect damage by transmission of plant viruses. Current management relies almost exclusively on application of classical chemical insecticides. While the development of transgenic crops expressing toxins derived from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) has provided effective plant protection against some insect pests, Bt toxins exhibit little toxicity against sap sucking insects. Indeed, the pest status of some Hemiptera on Bt-transgenic plants has increased in the absence of pesticide application. The increased pest status of numerous hemipteran species, combined with increased prevalence of resistance to chemical insecticides, provides impetus for the development of biologically based, alternative management strategies. Here, we provide an overview of approaches toward transgenic resistance to hemipteran pests.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bryony C. Bonning
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-515-294-1989; Fax: +1-515-294-5957
| |
Collapse
|