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Wang L, Li Y, Osei PO, Gao F, Wu X, Liao X. Preparation of pectin/carboxymethyl cellulose composite films via high-pressure processing and enhancement of antimicrobial packaging. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:136462. [PMID: 39393742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.136462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2024] [Revised: 09/29/2024] [Accepted: 10/07/2024] [Indexed: 10/13/2024]
Abstract
This study investigated the impact of high-pressure processing (HPP) treatment on the structure and physicochemical properties of pectin (PEC)/carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) composite films, along with the development of new active films incorporating emodin as an antibacterial agent. The results showed that 500 MPa/20 min HPP treatment significantly improved the tensile strength (from 45.91 ± 4.63 MPa to 52.24 ± 4.87 MPa) and elongation at the break (from 5.00 ± 1.44 % to 11.72 ± 2.97 %) of the films. It also improved the film's thermal stability and had no significant effect on its thermal degradability. Moreover, emodin was incorporated into the PEC/CMC film-forming solution and subjected to 500 MPa/20 min HPP treatment to investigate the structure, functional properties, optical properties, and antibacterial activity of the film. The emodin caused the film structural alteration, but significantly improved the water vapor barrier properties. It also reduced the film brightness and light transmission. The antibacterial assessment demonstrated that the film's antibacterial activity was correlated positively with increasing emodin content, and the number of viable cells of Staphylococcus aureus decreased by 1.29 log10 CFU/mL, 1.70 log10 CFU/mL, and 1.80 log10 CFU/mL with different levels of EM antimicrobial films after 12 h.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yiming Li
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Pamela Owusu Osei
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Fuqing Gao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Xiaomeng Wu
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Beijing, 100083, China.
| | - Xiaojun Liao
- College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center for Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Key Lab of Fruit and Vegetable Processing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing Key Laboratory of Food Non-Thermal Processing, Beijing, 100083, China
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Mostafa RM, Baz MM, Ebeed HT, Essawy HS, Dawwam GE, Darwish AB, Selim A, El-Shourbagy NM. Biological effects of Bougainvillea glabra, Delonix regia, Lantana camara, and Platycladus orientalis extracts and their possible metabolomics therapeutics against the West Nile virus vector, Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae). Microb Pathog 2024; 195:106870. [PMID: 39163920 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2024.106870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2024] [Revised: 08/15/2024] [Accepted: 08/17/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024]
Abstract
Plants are a treasure trove of biological materials containing a wide range of potential phytochemicals that are target-specific, rapidly biodegradable, and environmentally friendly, with multiple medicinal effects. Unfortunately, the development of resistance to synthetic pesticides and antibiotics led to the discovery of new antibiotics, antioxidants, and biopesticides. This has also led to the creation of new medications that work very well. The current study aimed to prove that ornamental plants contain specialized active substances that are used in several biological processes. Mosquitoes, one of the deadliest animals on the planet, cause millions of fatalities each year by transmitting several human illnesses. Phytochemicals are possible biological agents for controlling pests that are harmful. The potential of leaf extracts of Bougainvillea glabra, Delonix regia, Lantana camara, and Platycladus orientalis against Culex pipiens and microbial agents was evaluated. Acetone extracts had more toxic effects against Cx. pipiens larvae (99.0-100 %, 72 h post-treatment), and the LC50 values were 142.8, 189.5, 95.4, and 71.1 ppm for B. glabra, D. regia, L. camara, and P. orientalis, respectively. Plant extracts tested in this study showed high insecticidal, antimicrobial, and antioxidant potential. GC-MS and HPLC analyses showed a higher number of terpenes, flavonoids, and phenolic compounds. The ADME analysis of element, caryophyllene oxide, caryophyllene, and copaene showed that they were similar to drugs and that they were better absorbed by the body and able to pass through the blood-brain barrier. Our results confirm the ability of ornamental plants to have promising larvicidal and antimicrobial activity and biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reham M Mostafa
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Qalyubiya, 13518, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Baz
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt.
| | - Heba Talat Ebeed
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Damietta University, Damietta, 34517, Egypt; National Biotechnology Network of Expertise (NBNE), Academy of Scientific Research and Technology (ASRT), Cairo, Egypt
| | - Heba S Essawy
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Qalyubiya, 13518, Egypt
| | - Ghada E Dawwam
- Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, Qalyubiya, 13518, Egypt
| | - Ahmed B Darwish
- Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Suez University, Suez, 43518, Egypt
| | - Abdelfattah Selim
- Department of Animal Medicine (Infectious Diseases), College of Veterinary Medicine, Benha University Toukh, 13736, Egypt.
| | - Nancy M El-Shourbagy
- Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Benha University, Benha, 13518, Egypt
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Wang W, Guo Y, Xu J, Zhang H, Ma Z, Wu H. Isolation of anthraquinone derivatives from Rubia cordifolia (Rubiaceae) and their bioactivities against plant pathogenic microorganisms. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:4617-4627. [PMID: 38747671 DOI: 10.1002/ps.8177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 04/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/02/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The discovery of antimicrobial ingredients from natural products could be an effective way to create novel fungicides. Rubia cordifolia L., a traditional Chinese herb, may have antimicrobial effects on plant pathogens according to our previous screening study. RESULTS Rubia cordifolia L. extracts had moderate inhibitory effects on apple Valsa canker (Valsa mali) and tomato grey mould (Botrytis cinerea) at a concentration of 10 mg mL-1. With the use of bioguided isolation methods, eight compounds (1-8) were obtained, including the new compound 2,2,6-trimethyl-6-(4-methylphenyl)-tetrahydropyrano- 3-ol (7), and seven quinone derivatives. Two compounds, mollugin (1) and 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone (6), were found to exhibit outstanding antifungal activities against V. mali and Phytophthora capsici Leon. The half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of compound 1 and compound 6 against V. mali were 79.08 and 81.78 μg mL-1, respectively, and the EC50 of compound 6 against P. capsici was 4.86 μg mL-1. Compound 1 also showed excellent activity against tobacco mosaic virus (TMV). The inactive, inductive, protective and curative activities against TMV were 84.29%, 83.38%, 86.81%, and 60.02%, respectively, at a concentration of 500 μg mL-1, which were all close to or greater than that of the positive control (100 μg mL-1 chitosan oligosaccharide, COS). CONCLUSION Mollugin and 1,3,6-trihydroxy-2-methylanthraquinone are potentially valuable active compounds that lay a foundation for research on botanical fungicide products derived from R. cordifolia L. and provide lead structures for quinone derivative synthesis and structural modification. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhao Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Yifei Guo
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Jialu Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Zhiqing Ma
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
| | - Hua Wu
- College of Plant Protection, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- Provincial Center for Bio-Pesticide Engineering, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
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Chen Z, Xing F, Yu P, Zhou Y, Luo R, Liu M, Ritz U. Metal-organic framework-based advanced therapeutic tools for antimicrobial applications. Acta Biomater 2024; 175:27-54. [PMID: 38110135 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2023.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
The escalating concern over conventional antibiotic resistance has emphasized the urgency in developing innovative antimicrobial agents. In recent times, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have garnered significant attention within the realm of antimicrobial research due to their multifaceted antimicrobial attributes, including the sustained release of intrinsic or exogenous antimicrobial components, chemodynamically catalyzed generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and formation of photogenerated ROS. This comprehensive review provides a thorough overview of the synthetic approaches employed in the production of MOF-based materials, elucidating their underlying antimicrobial mechanisms in depth. The focal point lies in elucidating the research advancements across various antimicrobial modalities, encompassing intrinsic component release system, extraneous component release system, auto-catalytical system, and energy conversion system. Additionally, the progress of MOF-based antimicrobial materials in addressing wound infections, osteomyelitis, and periodontitis is meticulously elucidated, culminating in a summary of the challenges and potential opportunities inherent within the realm of antimicrobial applications for MOF-based materials. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: Growing concerns about conventional antibiotic resistance emphasized the need for alternative antimicrobial solutions. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained significant attention in antimicrobial research due to their diverse attributes like sustained antimicrobial components release, catalytic generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and photogenerated ROS. This review covers MOF synthesis and their antimicrobial mechanisms. It explores advancements in intrinsic and extraneous component release, auto-catalysis, and energy conversion systems. The paper also discusses MOF-based materials' progress in addressing wound infections, osteomyelitis, and periodontitis, along with existing challenges and opportunities. Given the lack of related reviews, our findings hold promise for future MOF applications in antibacterial research, making it relevant to your journal's readership.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Fei Xing
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peiyun Yu
- LIMES Institute, Department of Molecular Brain Physiology and Behavior, University of Bonn, Carl-Troll-Str. 31, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Yuxi Zhou
- Department of Periodontology, Justus-Liebig-University of Giessen, Germany
| | - Rong Luo
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ming Liu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Orthopedic Research Institute, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
| | - Ulrike Ritz
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Biomatics Group, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University, Langenbeckstr. 1, 55131 Mainz, Germany.
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Bana S, Kumar N, Sartaj A, Alhalmi A, Qurtam AA, Nasr FA, Al-Zharani M, Singh N, Gaur P, Mishra R, Bhardwaj S, Ali H, Goel R. Rubia cordifolia L. Attenuates Diabetic Neuropathy by Inhibiting Apoptosis and Oxidative Stress in Rats. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1586. [PMID: 38004451 PMCID: PMC10674165 DOI: 10.3390/ph16111586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic neuropathy is a debilitating manifestation of long-term diabetes mellitus. The present study explored the effects of the roots of Rubia cordifolia L. (R. cordifolia L.) in the Wistar rat model for diabetic neuropathy and possible neuroprotective, antidiabetic, and analgesic mechanisms underlying this effect. MATERIALS AND METHODS Rats were divided into five experimental groups. An amount of 0.25% carboxy methyl cellulose (CMC) in saline and streptozotocin (STZ) (60 mg/kg) was given to group 1 and group 2, respectively. Group 3 was treated with STZ and glibenclamide simultaneously while groups 4 and 5 were simultaneously treated with STZ and hydroalcoholic extract of the root of R. cordifolia, respectively. Hot plate and cold allodynias were used to evaluate the pain threshold. The antioxidant effects of R. cordifolia were assessed by measuring Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), reduced glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). At the end of the study, sciatic nerve and brain tissues were collected for histopathological study. Bcl-2 proteins, cleaved caspase-3, and Bax were assessed through the Western blot method. RESULTS R. cordifolia significantly attenuated paw withdrawal and tail flick latency in diabetic neuropathic rats. R. cordifolia significantly (p < 0.01) improved the levels of oxidative stress. It was found to decrease blood glucose levels and to increase animal weight in R. cordifolia-treated groups. Treatment with R. cordifolia suppressed the cleaved caspase-3 and reduced the Bax:Bcl2 ratio in sciatic nerve and brain tissue compared to the diabetic group. Histopathological analysis also revealed a marked improvement in architecture and loss of axons in brain and sciatic nerve tissues at a higher dose of R. cordifolia (400 mg/kg). CONCLUSION R. cordifolia attenuated diabetic neuropathy through its antidiabetic and analgesic properties by ameliorating apoptosis and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sweeti Bana
- Department of Pharmacology, Lloyd School of Pharmacy, Greater Noida 201306, India;
| | - Nitin Kumar
- Department of Pharmacy, Meerut Institute of Technology, Meerut 250103, India; (N.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Ali Sartaj
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Lloyd School of Pharmacy, Greater Noida 201306, India;
| | - Abdulsalam Alhalmi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Education and Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi 110062, India;
| | - Ashraf Ahmed Qurtam
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.Q.); (F.A.N.); (M.A.-Z.)
| | - Fahd A. Nasr
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.Q.); (F.A.N.); (M.A.-Z.)
| | - Mohammed Al-Zharani
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh 11623, Saudi Arabia; (A.A.Q.); (F.A.N.); (M.A.-Z.)
| | - Neelam Singh
- Department of Pharmacy, ITS College of Pharmacy, Muradnagar 201206, India;
| | - Praveen Gaur
- Department of Pharmacy, Metro College of Health Sciences and Research, Plot No.-41, Knowledge Park-III, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India; (P.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Rosaline Mishra
- Department of Pharmacy, Metro College of Health Sciences and Research, Plot No.-41, Knowledge Park-III, Uttar Pradesh 201306, India; (P.G.); (R.M.)
| | - Snigdha Bhardwaj
- Department of Pharmacy, Noida Institute of Engineering and Technology, Greater Noida 201306, India;
| | - Hasan Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Meerut Institute of Technology, Meerut 250103, India; (N.K.); (H.A.)
| | - Radha Goel
- Department of Pharmacology, Lloyd Institute of Management & Technology, Plot No.-11, Knowledge Park-II, Greater Noida 201306, India
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Qun T, Zhou T, Hao J, Wang C, Zhang K, Xu J, Wang X, Zhou W. Antibacterial activities of anthraquinones: structure-activity relationships and action mechanisms. RSC Med Chem 2023; 14:1446-1471. [PMID: 37593578 PMCID: PMC10429894 DOI: 10.1039/d3md00116d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
With the increasing prevalence of untreatable infections caused by antibiotic-resistant bacteria, the discovery of new drugs from natural products has become a hot research topic. The antibacterial activity of anthraquinones widely distributed in traditional Chinese medicine has attracted much attention. Herein, the structure and activity relationships (SARs) of anthraquinones as bacteriostatic agents are reviewed and elucidated. The substituents of anthraquinone and its derivatives are closely related to their antibacterial activities. The stronger the polarity of anthraquinone substituents is, the more potent the antibacterial effects appear. The presence of hydroxyl groups is not necessary for the antibacterial activity of hydroxyanthraquinone derivatives. Substitution of di-isopentenyl groups can improve the antibacterial activity of anthraquinone derivatives. The rigid plane structure of anthraquinone lowers its water solubility and results in the reduced activity. Meanwhile, the antibacterial mechanisms of anthraquinone and its analogs are explored, mainly including biofilm formation inhibition, destruction of the cell wall, endotoxin inhibition, inhibition of nucleic acid and protein synthesis, and blockage of energy metabolism and other substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tang Qun
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 200241 Shanghai China
| | - Tiantian Zhou
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University 440113 Guangzhou China
| | - Jiongkai Hao
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 200241 Shanghai China
| | - Chunmei Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 200241 Shanghai China
- Key laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Keyu Zhang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 200241 Shanghai China
- Key laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Jing Xu
- Huanghua Agricultural and Rural Development Bureau Bohai New Area 061100 Hebei China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 200241 Shanghai China
- Key laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai 200241 China
| | - Wen Zhou
- Shanghai Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences 200241 Shanghai China
- Key laboratory of Veterinary Chemical Drugs and Pharmaceutics, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Shanghai Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Shanghai 200241 China
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Han X, Gao H, Lai H, Zhu W, Wang Y. Anti-Aβ42 Aggregative Polyketides from the Antarctic Psychrophilic Fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. OUCMDZ-3578. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:882-890. [PMID: 36861650 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.2c01101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Seven new polyketides, diphenyl ketone (1), diphenyl ketone glycosides (2-4), diphenyl ketone-diphenyl ether dimer (6), and anthraquinone-diphenyl ketone dimers (7 and 8), together with compound 5, were isolated from the psychrophilic fungus Pseudogymnoascus sp. OUCMDZ-3578 fermented at 16 °C and identified by spectroscopic analysis. The absolute configurations of 2-4 were determined by acid hydrolysis and 1-phenyl-3-methyl-5-pyrazolone precolumn derivatization. The configuration of 5 was first determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Compounds 6 and 8 showed the highest activity against amyloid beta (Aβ42) aggregation with half-maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of 0.10 and 0.18 μM, respectively. They also showed strong abilities to chelate with metal ions, especially iron, were sensitive to Aβ42 aggregation induced by metal ions, and displayed depolymerizing activity. Compounds 6 and 8 show potential as leads for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease to prevent Aβ42 aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoling Han
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Hai Gao
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Huanyan Lai
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Weiming Zhu
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Yi Wang
- School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Key Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China
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Raghuveer D, Pai VV, Murali TS, Nayak R. Exploring Anthraquinones as Antibacterial and Antifungal agents. ChemistrySelect 2023. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202204537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Dhanush Raghuveer
- Department of Biotechnology Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576104 India
| | - V. Varsha Pai
- Department of Biotechnology Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576104 India
| | - Thokur Sreepathy Murali
- Department of Biotechnology Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576104 India
| | - Roopa Nayak
- Department of Biotechnology Manipal School of Life Sciences Manipal Academy of Higher Education Manipal 576104 India
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Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Potential of Helminthosporin from Rumex abyssiniscus Jacq. Discovered as a Novel Source of Syringic Acid and Bis(2-ethyloctyl) Phthalate. Curr Microbiol 2022; 80:7. [PMID: 36445554 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-022-03101-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Rumex abyssinicus Jacq. is a perennial medicinal herb widely used in traditional medicine to treat many diseases. Phytochemicals of the plant were isolated using column chromatography and thin layer chromatography techniques. Extract, fractions and pure compounds were screened for antimicrobial activity against sensitive and multi-drug resistant microbes and their cytotoxicity was performed on different cancer cell lines. The mechanism of action of purified helminthosporin as well as the potent fraction containing a mixture of two compounds was assessed. Fraction R7C3 was the most potent antibacterial with the lowest MIC value of 0.12 µg/mL. Helminthosporin was the most potent compound with the lowest MIC value of 1.95 µg/mL. The compound was more potent than the antibiotic chloramphenicol against multi-drug resistant (MDR) bacteria with MIC equal to 16 µg/mL. The fraction and helminthosporin were shown to destroy the cell wall of the yeast and bacteria, and DNA fragmentation effect on the genome of Candida albicans and Bacillus cereus. Helminthosporin was the most cytotoxic compound with IC50 ˂ 10 µM. Fraction R7C3 showed the most potent cytotoxic effects on all cancer cell lines, with IC50 ranging from ˂1 to 4.35 ng/mL. Our study is the first report on the mechanism of action of helminthosporin, a potent candidate in the development of new drugs against multi-resistant bacteria and cancer cells. In addition, this study uncovered Rumex abyssinicus as a new source of syringic acid and bis(2-ethyloctyl) phthalate.
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Jariyasopit N, Limjiasahapong S, Kurilung A, Sartyoungkul S, Wisanpitayakorn P, Nuntasaen N, Kuhakarn C, Reutrakul V, Kittakoop P, Sirivatanauksorn Y, Khoomrung S. Traveling Wave Ion Mobility-Derived Collision Cross Section Database for Plant Specialized Metabolites: An Application to Ventilago harmandiana Pierre. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2481-2492. [PMID: 36154058 PMCID: PMC9552781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The combination of ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) and chromatography is a valuable tool for identifying compounds in natural products. In this study, using an ultra-performance liquid chromatography system coupled to a high-resolution quadrupole/traveling wave ion mobility spectrometry/time-of-flight MS (UPLC-TWIMS-QTOF), we have established and validated a comprehensive TWCCSN2 and MS database for 112 plant specialized metabolites. The database included 15 compounds that were isolated and purified in-house and are not commercially available. We obtained accurate m/z, retention times, fragment ions, and TWIMS-derived CCS (TWCCSN2) values for 207 adducts (ESI+ and ESI-). The database included novel 158 TWCCSN2 values from 79 specialized metabolites. In the presence of plant matrix, the CCS measurement was reproducible and robust. Finally, we demonstrated the application of the database to extend the metabolite coverage of Ventilago harmandiana Pierre. In addition to pyranonaphthoquinones, a group of known specialized metabolites in V. harmandiana, we identified flavonoids, xanthone, naphthofuran, and protocatechuic acid for the first time through targeted analysis. Interestingly, further investigation using IM-MS of unknown features suggested the presence of organonitrogen compounds and lipid and lipid-like molecules, which is also reported for the first time. Data are available on the MassIVE (https://massive.ucsd.edu, data set identifier MSV000090213).
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Affiliation(s)
- Narumol Jariyasopit
- Metabolomics
and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj
Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty
of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Suphitcha Limjiasahapong
- Siriraj
Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty
of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Alongkorn Kurilung
- Metabolomics
and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sitanan Sartyoungkul
- Metabolomics
and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Pattipong Wisanpitayakorn
- Metabolomics
and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj
Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty
of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Narong Nuntasaen
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Chutima Kuhakarn
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Vichai Reutrakul
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Prasat Kittakoop
- Chulabhorn
Graduate Institute, Program in Chemical Sciences, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Laksi,
Bangkok 10210, Thailand
- Chulabhorn
Research Institute, Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road, Laksi, Bangkok 10210, Thailand
| | - Yongyut Sirivatanauksorn
- Siriraj
Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty
of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
| | - Sakda Khoomrung
- Metabolomics
and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Siriraj
Metabolomics and Phenomics Center, Faculty
of Medicine Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10700, Thailand
- Center
of Excellence for Innovation in Chemistry (PERCH-CIC), Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400 Thailand
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11
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Wen M, Chen Q, Chen W, Yang J, Zhou X, Zhang C, Wu A, Lai J, Chen J, Mei Q, Yang S, Lan C, Wu J, Huang F, Wang L. A comprehensive review of Rubia cordifolia L.: Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacological activities, and clinical applications. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:965390. [PMID: 36160419 PMCID: PMC9500525 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.965390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubia cordifolia (family: Rubiaceae) L (R. cordifolia) is a perennial botanical drug climbing vine. As the main part of the traditional Chinese medicine, the rhizome has a long history. A great number of literary studies have reported that it can be used for the improvement of blood circulation, hemostasis, activation of collaterals, etc. When it comes to the wide application of R. cordifolia in traditional medicine, we systematically review its traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological effects. Literatures were systematically searched using several scientific databases, including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Baidu Scholar, PubMed, Web of Science, and other professional websites. Kew Botanical Garden and the iPlant were used for obtaining the scientific names and plant images of R. cordifolia. In addition, other information was also gathered from books including traditional Chinese herbal medicine, the Chinese Pharmacopoeia, and Chinese Materia Medica. So far, many prescriptions containing R. cordifolia have been widely used in the clinical treatment of abnormal uterine bleeding, primary dysmenorrhea and other gynecological diseases, allergic purpura, renal hemorrhage and other diseases. The phytochemistry studies have reported that more than 100 compounds are found in R. cordifolia, such as bicyclic peptides, terpenes, polysaccharides, trace elements, flavonoids, and quinones. Among them, quinones and peptides are the types of components with the highest contents in R. cordifolia. The modern pharmacological studies have revealed that R. cordifolia and its derived components have anti-tumor, anti-oxidative, anti-platelet aggregation, and anti-inflammatory effects. However, most studies are preclinical. The pharmacological mechanism of R. cordifolia has not been thoroughly studied. In addition, there are few pharmacokinetic and toxicity studies of R. cordifolia, therefore the clinical safety data for R. cordifolia is lacking. To sum up, this review for the first time summarizes a systemic and integrated traditional uses, chemical compositions, pharmacological actions and clinical applications of R. cordifolia, which provides the novel and full-scale insight for the drug development, medicinal value, and application of R. cordifolia in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wen
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Wang Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Xiaogang Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Chunxiang Zhang
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
| | - Anguo Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jia Lai
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- School of Chinese Medicine, LKS Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Qibing Mei
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Shuo Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Cai Lan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Jianming Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- Institute of Cardiovascular Research, The Key Laboratory of Medical Electrophysiology, Ministry of Education of China, Medical Key Laboratory for Drug Discovery and Druggability Evaluation of Sichuan Province, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianming Wu, ; Feihong Huang, ; Long Wang,
| | - Feihong Huang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianming Wu, ; Feihong Huang, ; Long Wang,
| | - Long Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianming Wu, ; Feihong Huang, ; Long Wang,
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12
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Alov P, Al Sharif M, Najdenski H, Pencheva T, Tsakovska I, Zaharieva MM, Pajeva I. New Potential Pharmacological Targets of Plant-Derived Hydroxyanthraquinones from Rubia spp. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27103274. [PMID: 35630751 PMCID: PMC9145346 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27103274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The increased use of polyphenols nowadays poses the need for identification of their new pharmacological targets. Recently, structure similarity-based virtual screening of DrugBank outlined pseudopurpurin, a hydroxyanthraquinone from Rubia cordifolia spp., as similar to gatifloxacin, a synthetic antibacterial agent. This suggested the bacterial DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV as potential pharmacological targets of pseudopurpurin. In this study, estimation of structural similarity to referent antibacterial agents and molecular docking in the DNA gyrase and DNA topoisomerase IV complexes were performed for a homologous series of four hydroxyanthraquinones. Estimation of shape- and chemical feature-based similarity with (S)-gatifloxacin, a DNA gyrase inhibitor, and (S)-levofloxacin, a DNA topoisomerase IV inhibitor, outlined pseudopurpurin and munjistin as the most similar structures. The docking simulations supported the hypothesis for a plausible antibacterial activity of hydroxyanthraquinones. The predicted docking poses were grouped into 13 binding modes based on spatial similarities in the active site. The simultaneous presence of 1-OH and 3-COOH substituents in the anthraquinone scaffold were emphasized as relevant features for the binding modes’ variability and ability of the compounds to strongly bind in the DNA-enzyme complexes. The results reveal new potential pharmacological targets of the studied polyphenols and help in their prioritization as drug candidates and dietary supplements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petko Alov
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Merilin Al Sharif
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Hristo Najdenski
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (H.N.); (M.M.Z.)
| | - Tania Pencheva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Ivanka Tsakovska
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.P.); (I.T.)
| | - Maya Margaritova Zaharieva
- The Stephan Angeloff Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (H.N.); (M.M.Z.)
| | - Ilza Pajeva
- Institute of Biophysics and Biomedical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria; (P.A.); (M.A.S.); (T.P.); (I.T.)
- Correspondence:
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13
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Mitra S, Anjum J, Muni M, Das R, Rauf A, Islam F, Bin Emran T, Semwal P, Hemeg HA, Alhumaydhi FA, Wilairatana P. Exploring the journey of emodin as a potential neuroprotective agent: Novel therapeutic insights with molecular mechanism of action. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 149:112877. [PMID: 35367766 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Emodin is an anthraquinone derivative found in the roots and bark of a variety of plants, molds, and lichens. Emodin has been used as a traditional medication for more than 2000 years and is still common in numerous herbal drugs. Emodin is plentiful in the three plant families, including Polygonaceae (Rheum, Rumex, and Polygonum spp.), Fabaceae (Cassia spp.), and Rhamnaceae (Rhamnus, Frangula, and Ventilago spp.). Emerging experimental evidences indicate that emodin confers a wide range of pharmacological activities; special focus was implemented toward neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, cerebral ischemia, anxiety and depression, schizophrenia, chronic hyperglycemic peripheral neuropathy, etc. Numerous preclinical evidences were established in support of the neuroprotection of emodin. However, this review highlighted the role of emodin as a potent neurotherapeutic agent; therefore, its evidence-based functionality on neurological disorders (NDs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saikat Mitra
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Juhaer Anjum
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Maniza Muni
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Rajib Das
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Abdur Rauf
- Department of Chemistry, University of Swabi, Anbar 23561, Pakistan.
| | - Fahadul Islam
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh
| | - Talha Bin Emran
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, Daffodil International University, Dhaka 1207, Bangladesh; Department of Pharmacy, BGC Trust University Bangladesh, Chittagong 4381, Bangladesh.
| | - Prabhakar Semwal
- Department of Life Sciences, Graphic Era (Deemed to be University), Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Hassan A Hemeg
- Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Al-Medinah Al-Monawara 41411, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fahad A Alhumaydhi
- Department of Medical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Qassim University, Buraydah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Polrat Wilairatana
- Department of Clinical of Tropical Medicine, Faculty of Tropical Medicine, Mahidol University, Bangkok 10400, Thailand.
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Ultrasound-Assisted and Microwave-Assisted Extraction, GC-MS Characterization and Antimicrobial Potential of Freeze-dried L. Camara Flower. JOURNAL OF PURE AND APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.22207/jpam.16.1.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Lantana camara is known to have anti-bacterial properties which can be exploited to develop a natural food preservative. There is huge demand for natural preservatives in food industry due to the increased health risks associated with synthetic preservatives, development of effecient extraction methods are essential to retain heat sensitive bioactive compounds. This aim of this study was to compare the performance of microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE), and conventional solvent extraction (CSE) methods for extraction of freeze-dried lantana flower. The phytochemicals in freeze-dried flowers were characterized by GC-MS analysis and antibacterial properties were tested at different concentrations (50, 100, and 150 µl) against E.coli, Salmonella, and S. aureus. It was evident that the UAE offered the highest yield (64%), followed by MAE (53%) and CSE (49%) with distilled water as solvent. The freeze-dried extract possessed a high amount of tannins (417 µg/g), followed by flavonoids such as catechol (88 µg/g) and quercetin (9.2 µg/g). The antibacterial potential results revealed that only distilled water-based extraction techniques offered positive inhibition zones of 2.0-2.67 mm (MAE), 1.67-2.67 mm (UAE), and 1.67-2.17 mm (CSE) against all three organisms, while the chloroform based extracts had no inhibition effect. The microwave-assisted extract at 150 µl concentration offered a significant inhibitory effect against all three pathogens. The GC-MS profiling of bioactive compounds in flower extract revealed the presence of hexadecanoic acid as the major phytochemical compound in all three extraction techniques. The study revealed that the chloroform extract failed to exhibit an antibacterial effect due to the absence of alkaloids, saponins, and anthraquinones as a result of its neutralizing effect.
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15
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Kim G, Xu YJ, Farha AK, Sui ZQ, Corke H. Bactericidal and antibiofilm properties of Rumex japonicus Houtt. on multidrug-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from milk. J Dairy Sci 2021; 105:2011-2024. [PMID: 34955261 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2021-21221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Staphylococcus aureus and its biofilm formation have been challenging to control in milk and dairy industries. Biofilms formed by Staph. aureus may result in the failure of antibacterial agents and disinfectants to penetrate the biofilm in an attempt to control contamination. Novel natural antibacterial agents are required to combat MDR bacteria and biofilms. In this study, we evaluated the bactericidal, antibiofilm, and antimotility effects of Rumex japonicus Houtt. (RJH) extract on MDR Staph. aureus isolated from milk. The RJH extract exhibited good antibacterial activity against MDR strains with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) ranging from 0.78 to 6.25 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentrations ranging from 3.125 to 12.5 mg/mL. The extract showed strong inhibition of biofilm formation (81.9%) at sub-MIC value and eradication of biofilm at higher concentrations. The motility of Staph. aureus was effectively blocked by the extract. Major compounds emodin, chrysophanol, and physcion were identified in RJH extract using HPLC-linear trap quadrupole (LTQ)/Orbitrap-mass spectrometry. The extract was nontoxic to human epithelial cell lines such as Caco-2 and HT-29 cell lines at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 0.5 mg/mL, and from 0.1 to 0.75 mg/mL, respectively. These findings suggest that RJH extract could be an alternative to synthetic preservatives in milk and dairy products.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Kim
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Y J Xu
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - A K Farha
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Z Q Sui
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| | - H Corke
- Biotechnology and Food Engineering Program, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou 515063, China; Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 3200003, Israel.
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16
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Emodin Improves Intestinal Health and Immunity through Modulation of Gut Microbiota in Mice Infected by Pathogenic Escherichia coli O 1. Animals (Basel) 2021; 11:ani11113314. [PMID: 34828045 PMCID: PMC8614316 DOI: 10.3390/ani11113314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The effect of emodin on the intestinal mucosal barrier of a mouse E. coli O1-induced diarrhea model was observed. Following successful establishment of a diarrhea model, the mice were treated with drugs for seven days. Intestinal lesions and the shape and the number of goblet cells were assessed via hematoxylin-eosin and periodic-acid-Schiff staining, while changes in inflammatory factors, ultrastructure of the small intestine, expression of MUC-2, and changes in the intestinal microbiota were analyzed via RT-PCR, electron microscopy, immunofluorescence, and 16S rRNA sequencing. Examination showed that emodin ameliorated pathological damage to the intestines of diarrheic mice. RT-PCR indicated that emodin reduced TNF-α, IL-β, IL-6, MPO, and COX-2 mRNA levels in duodenal tissues and increased the levels of sIgA and MUC-2 and the number of goblet cells. Microbiome analysis revealed that Escherichia coli O1 reduced bacterial richness and altered the distribution pattern of bacterial communities at the phylum and order levels in cecum contents. Notably, pathogenic Clostridiales and Enterobacteriales were significantly increased in diarrheic mice. However, emodin reversed the trend. Thus, emodin protected against intestinal damage induced by E. coli O1 and improved intestinal mucosal barrier function in mice by increasing the abundance of beneficial intestinal microbiota and inhibiting the abundance of harmful bacteria, thereby alleviating diarrhea.
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17
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Semwal RB, Semwal DK, Combrinck S, Viljoen A. Emodin - A natural anthraquinone derivative with diverse pharmacological activities. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 190:112854. [PMID: 34311280 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2021.112854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 06/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Emodin (1,3,8-trihydroxy-6-methyl-anthraquinone) is a natural anthraquinone derivative that is present in numerous globally renowned herbal medicines. It is recognised as a protein tyrosine kinase inhibitor and as an anticancer drug, active against various tumour cells, including lung, breast, liver, and ovarian cancer cells. Recently, its role in combination chemotherapy with various allopathic medicines, to minimize their toxicity and to enhance their efficacy, has been studied. The use of emodin in these therapies is gaining popularity, due to fewer associated side effects compared with standard anticancer drugs. Emodin has a broad therapeutic window, and in addition to its antineoplastic activity, it displays anti-ulcer, anti-inflammatory, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, antimicrobial, muscle relaxant, immunosuppressive and antifibrotic activities, in both in vitro and in vivo models. Although reviews on the anticancer activity of emodin have been published, none coherently unite all the pharmacological properties of emodin, particularly the anti-oxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, immunosuppressive and hepatoprotective activities of the compound. Hence, in this review, all of the available data regarding the pharmacological properties of emodin are explored, with particular emphasis on the modes of action of the molecule. In addition, the manuscript details the occurrence, biosynthesis and chemical synthesis of the compound, as well as its toxic effects on biotic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruchi Badoni Semwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Department of Chemistry, Pt. Lalit Mohan Sharma Govt. Post Graduate College, Rishikesh, 249201, India
| | - Deepak Kumar Semwal
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; Department of Phytochemistry, Faculty of Biomedical Sciences, Uttarakhand Ayurved University, Harrawala, Dehradun, 248001, India
| | - Sandra Combrinck
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa
| | - Alvaro Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa; SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Faculty of Science, Tshwane University of Technology, Private Bag X680, Pretoria, 0001, South Africa.
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18
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Traditional Medicinal Plants as a Source of Antituberculosis Drugs: A System Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:9910365. [PMID: 34541000 PMCID: PMC8448615 DOI: 10.1155/2021/9910365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Medicinal plants are the chief components in the different oriental formulations in different traditional medical systems worldwide. As a thriving source of medicine, the medicinal plants with antituberculosis (TB) properties inspire the pharmacists to develop new drugs based on their active components or semimetabolites. In the present review, the anti-TB medicinal plants were screened from the scientific literatures, based on the botanical classification and the anti-TB activity. The obtained anti-TB medicinal plants were categorized into three different categories, viz., 159 plants critically examined with a total 335 isolated compounds, 131 plants with their crude extracts showing anti-TB activity, and 27 plants in literature with the prescribed formula by the traditional healers. Our systemic analysis on the medicinal plants can assist the discovery of novel and more efficacious anti-TB drugs.
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Zeouk I, Ouedrhiri W, Sifaoui I, Bazzocchi IL, Piñero JE, Jiménez IA, Lorenzo-Morales J, Bekhti K. Bioguided Isolation of Active Compounds from Rhamnus alaternus against Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Panton-Valentine Leucocidin Positive Strains (MSSA-PVL). Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26144352. [PMID: 34299627 PMCID: PMC8306708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 07/13/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite intensified efforts to develop an effective antibiotic, S. aureus is still a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. The multidrug resistance of bacteria has considerably increased the difficulties of scientific research and the concomitant emergence of resistance is to be expected. In this study we have investigated the in vitro activity of 15 ethanol extracts prepared from Moroccan medicinal plants traditionally used for treatment of skin infections. Among the tested species I. viscosa, C. oxyacantha, R. tinctorum, A. herba alba, and B. hispanica showed moderate anti-staphylococcal activity. However, R. alaternus showed promising growth-inhibitory effects against specific pathogenic bacteria especially methicillin-susceptible Staphylococcus aureus Panton-Valentine leucocidin positive (MSSA-PVL) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). The bioguided fractionation of this plant using successive chromatographic separations followed by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and mass spectrometry (MS) including EIMS and HREIMS analysis yielded the emodin (1) and kaempferol (2). Emodin being the most active with MICs ranging between 15.62 and 1.95 µg/mL and showing higher activity against the tested strains in comparison with the crude extract, its mechanism of action and the structure-activity relationship were interestingly discussed. The active compound has not displayed toxicity toward murine macrophage cells. The results obtained in the current study support the traditional uses of R. alaternus and suggest that this species could be a good source for the development of new anti-staphylococcal agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ikrame Zeouk
- Instituto Universitario De Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de la Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Spain;
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 2202, Morocco;
- Correspondence: (I.Z.); (J.E.P.); (J.L.-M.); Tel.: +212-621-290-377 (I.Z.); +349-22-316-502 (J.E.P.); +349-22-318-402 (J.L.-M.)
| | - Wessal Ouedrhiri
- Laboratory of Engineering, Electrochemistry, Modeling and Environment, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 2202, Morocco;
| | - Ines Sifaoui
- Instituto Universitario De Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de la Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Spain;
- Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de la Laguna, 38203 La Laguna, Spain
- Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Isabel L. Bazzocchi
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain; (I.L.B.); (I.A.J.)
| | - José E. Piñero
- Instituto Universitario De Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de la Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Spain;
- Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de la Laguna, 38203 La Laguna, Spain
- Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.Z.); (J.E.P.); (J.L.-M.); Tel.: +212-621-290-377 (I.Z.); +349-22-316-502 (J.E.P.); +349-22-318-402 (J.L.-M.)
| | - Ignacio A. Jiménez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Instituto Universitario de Bio-Orgánica Antonio González, Universidad de La Laguna, Avenida Astrofísico Francisco Sánchez 2, 38206 La Laguna, Spain; (I.L.B.); (I.A.J.)
| | - Jacob Lorenzo-Morales
- Instituto Universitario De Enfermedades Tropicales y Salud Pública de Canarias, Universidad de la Laguna, Avda. Astrofísico Fco. Sánchez, S/N, 38203 La Laguna, Spain;
- Departamento de Obstetricia, Ginecología, Pediatría, Medicina Preventiva y Salud Pública, Toxicología, Medicina Legal y Forense y Parasitología, Universidad de la Laguna, 38203 La Laguna, Spain
- Red de Investigación Colaborativa en Enfermedades Tropicales (RICET), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Correspondence: (I.Z.); (J.E.P.); (J.L.-M.); Tel.: +212-621-290-377 (I.Z.); +349-22-316-502 (J.E.P.); +349-22-318-402 (J.L.-M.)
| | - Khadija Bekhti
- Laboratory of Microbial Biotechnology and Bioactive Molecules, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences and Techniques, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, Fez 2202, Morocco;
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Kengne IC, Feugap LDT, Njouendou AJ, Ngnokam CDJ, Djamalladine MD, Ngnokam D, Voutquenne-Nazabadioko L, Tamokou JDD. Antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of whole plant chemical constituents of Rumex abyssinicus. BMC Complement Med Ther 2021; 21:164. [PMID: 34090405 PMCID: PMC8180025 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-021-03325-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Antibiotic resistance has contributed to the burden of infectious diseases both in the hospital and community setting, and represents a great threat to public health. Previous studies have revealed the role of reactive oxygen species as intermediate mediators of tissue damage, following antibiotherapies, indicating the need of associating antioxidants to these treatments. Therefore, the present work was designed to study the antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant activities of extracts and compounds from Rumex abyssinicus Jacq. (Polygonaceae), as well as to investigate the antibacterial mechanisms of action of the most effective agents. Methods The plant extracts were prepared by maceration in organic solvents followed by column chromatography of the EtOAc fraction and purification of different fractions which led to the isolation and characterization of pure compounds. The antimicrobial activities of the extracts/compounds and their combinations with ciprofloxacin and fluconazole were evaluated using the broth microdilution method by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC). The effects of the extracts on the bacterial cell membrane and microbial respiratory chain dehydrogenase enzyme activity were determined by spectrophotometric methods. Antioxidant activity was evaluated using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and gallic acid equivalent antioxidant capacity (GAEAC) assays. Results Chrysophanol (1), physcion (2), Ergosta-6,22-diene-3,5,8-triol (3), emodin (4), 6-hydroxyemodin (citreorosein) (5), chrysophanein (6) and physcionin (7) were isolated from EtOAc fraction of R. abyssinicus and displayed different degrees of antimicrobial activities (MIC = 8–256 μg/mL). The MeOH extract and compounds 2 and 4 exhibited synergistic effects with ciprofloxacin and fluconazole. Compounds 1, 2 and the combined mixture of 6 + 7 displayed the highest antioxidant activity (GAEAC = 83.38–106.03 μg/mL). Conclusion R. abyssinicus is a potential source of antibacterial, antifungal and antioxidant agents. The antibacterial mechanisms of action of the MeOH extract and compound 2 are due to disruption of the cytoplasmic membrane and inhibition of the microbial respiratory chain dehydrogenase enzyme activity. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of test samples and ciprofloxacin / fluconazole association against MDR strains. The observed activity of the isolated compounds against bacteria and fungi including MDR strains deserves further exploration. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-021-03325-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene Chinda Kengne
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Léonel Donald Tsamo Feugap
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Abdel Jélil Njouendou
- Department of Biomedical Science, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Buea, P.O. Box 12, Buea, Cameroon
| | - Claudia Darille Jouogo Ngnokam
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Mahamat Djamalladine Djamalladine
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - David Ngnokam
- Department of Chemistry, Research Unit of Applied and Environmental Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon
| | - Laurence Voutquenne-Nazabadioko
- Groupe Isolement et Structure, Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de Reims (ICMR), CNRS UMR 7312, Bat. 18 B.P. 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex 2, France
| | - Jean-De-Dieu Tamokou
- Department of Biochemistry, Research Unit of Microbiology and Antimicrobial Substances, Faculty of Science, University of Dschang, P.O. Box 67, Dschang, Cameroon.
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Gahamanyi N, Song DG, Cha KH, Yoon KY, Mboera LE, Matee MI, Mutangana D, Amachawadi RG, Komba EV, Pan CH. Susceptibility of Campylobacter Strains to Selected Natural Products and Frontline Antibiotics. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110790. [PMID: 33182474 PMCID: PMC7697650 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Campylobacter species have developed resistance to existing antibiotics. The development of alternative therapies is, therefore, a necessity. This study evaluates the susceptibility of Campylobacter strains to selected natural products (NPs) and frontline antibiotics. Two C. jejuni strains (ATCC® 33560TM and MT947450) and two C. coli strains (ATCC® 33559TM and MT947451) were used. The antimicrobial potential of the NPs, including plant extracts, essential oils, and pure phytochemicals, was evaluated by broth microdilution. The growth was measured by spectrophotometry and iodonitrotetrazolium chloride. Antibiotic resistance genes (tet(O) and gyrA) were characterized at the molecular level. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) and the minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBCs) ranged from 25 to 1600 µg/mL. Cinnamon oil, (E)-Cinnamaldehyde, clove oil, eugenol, and baicalein had the lowest MIC and MBC values (25-100 µg/mL). MT947450 and MT947451 were sensitive to erythromycin and gentamicin but resistant to quinolones and tetracycline. Mutations in gyrA and tet(O) genes from resistant strains were confirmed by sequencing. The findings show that NPs are effective against drug-sensitive and drug-resistant Campylobacter strains. The resistance to antibiotics was confirmed at phenotypic and genotypic levels. This merits further studies to decipher the action mechanisms and synergistic activities of NPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noel Gahamanyi
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Korea; (N.G.); (D.-G.S.); (K.H.C.); (K.-Y.Y.)
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro P.O. Box 3015, Tanzania; (L.E.G.M.); (E.V.G.K.)
| | - Dae-Geun Song
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Korea; (N.G.); (D.-G.S.); (K.H.C.); (K.-Y.Y.)
| | - Kwang Hyun Cha
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Korea; (N.G.); (D.-G.S.); (K.H.C.); (K.-Y.Y.)
| | - Kye-Yoon Yoon
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Korea; (N.G.); (D.-G.S.); (K.H.C.); (K.-Y.Y.)
| | - Leonard E.G. Mboera
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro P.O. Box 3015, Tanzania; (L.E.G.M.); (E.V.G.K.)
| | - Mecky I. Matee
- School of Medicine, Muhimbili University of Health and Allied Sciences, Dar es Salaam P.O. Box 65001, Tanzania;
| | - Dieudonné Mutangana
- College of Science and Technology, University of Rwanda, Kigali P.O. Box 3900, Rwanda;
| | - Raghavendra G. Amachawadi
- Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506-5606, USA;
| | - Erick V.G. Komba
- SACIDS Foundation for One Health, College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Sokoine University of Agriculture, Chuo Kikuu, Morogoro P.O. Box 3015, Tanzania; (L.E.G.M.); (E.V.G.K.)
| | - Cheol-Ho Pan
- Natural Product Informatics Research Center, KIST Gangneung Institute of Natural Products, Gangneung 25451, Korea; (N.G.); (D.-G.S.); (K.H.C.); (K.-Y.Y.)
- Division of Bio-Medical Science and Technology, KIST School, Korea University of Science and Technology, Seoul 02792, Korea
- Correspondence:
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22
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Bioassay guided fractionation of bioactive metabolite from Corynascus verrucosus inhabiting Croton bonplandianus Baill. Process Biochem 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2020.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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23
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Wang AK, Geng T, Jiang W, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Chen PD, Shan MQ, Zhang M, Tang YP, Ding AW, Zhang L. Simultaneous determination of twelve quinones from Rubiae radix et Rhizoma before and after carbonization processing by UPLC-MS/MS and their antithrombotic effect on zebrafish. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 191:113638. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/08/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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24
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Ban E, An SH, Park B, Park M, Yoon NE, Jung BH, Kim A. Improved Solubility and Oral Absorption of Emodin-Nicotinamide Cocrystal Over Emodin with PVP as a Solubility Enhancer and Crystallization Inhibitor. J Pharm Sci 2020; 109:3660-3667. [PMID: 32987091 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Revised: 08/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Emodin exerts anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer effects. However, its poor water solubility limits development into a pharmaceutical product. Although an emodin-nicotinamide cocrystal (ENC) with improved dissolution rate was proposed as a potential candidate, crystallization back to emodin after dissolution diminished the advantage of the cocrystal approach. The objectives of this study were to identify a crystallization inhibitor to maintain the emodin supersaturation generated by ENC dissolution, and to examine its effect on oral pharmacokinetics of ENC. Among various polymers, polyvinylpyrrolidone K30 (PVP) was the most effective solubilizer and crystallization inhibitor. The solubility of ENC in a simulated intestinal fluid containing 1.5% PVP was 2-fold higher than that of emodin. However, comparison of oral pharmacokinetics in rats between ENC and emodin did not reflect such improved solubility of ENC in vitro relative to emodin. Instead, the plasma concentrations of a major metabolite of emodin showed a positive correlation with in vitro dissolution results, suggesting rapid gastrointestinal metabolism of emodin during absorption. In conclusion, PVP contributes to enhanced dissolution rates of ENC and inhibits crystallization of emodin in vivo, so that more metabolites can be formed and absorbed. Therefore, a metabolism inhibitor would be necessary to improve the oral bioavailability of emodin further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunmi Ban
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Seongnam 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Hyeon An
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Seongnam 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Boosung Park
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Seongnam 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Minwoo Park
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Seongnam 463-400, Republic of Korea
| | - Na-Eun Yoon
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Hwa Jung
- Molecular Recognition Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Hwarangno 14-gil 5, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Aeri Kim
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 335, Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam-si, Seongnam 463-400, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Peterson CT, Pourang A, Dhaliwal S, Kohn JN, Uchitel S, Singh H, Mills PJ, Peterson SN, Sivamani RK. Modulatory Effects of Triphala and Manjistha Dietary Supplementation on Human Gut Microbiota: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Pilot Study. J Altern Complement Med 2020; 26:1015-1024. [PMID: 32955913 DOI: 10.1089/acm.2020.0148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: Triphala (which contains Emblica officinalis, Terminalia bellerica, and Terminalia chebula) and manjistha (Rubia cordifolia), have received increased clinical attention. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effects of triphala, manjistha, or placebo dietary supplementation on gut microbiota as such studies in humans are lacking. Design: This was a 4-week randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled pilot trial. Setting: This trial was conducted at the University of California Davis, Department of Dermatology. Subjects: A total of 31 healthy human subjects were randomized to 3 groups. Interventions: The 3 groups were instructed to take 2,000 mg of either triphala, manjistha or placebo daily for 4 weeks. Outcome Measures: The impact of treatment on gut microbiota composition was evaluated following a 4-week dietary intervention by profiling fecal communities with 16S rRNA profiling in triphala (n = 9), manjistha (n = 9), or placebo (n = 11) treated subjects that completed the intervention. Results: An average of 336 phylotypes were detected in each sample (range: 161 to 648). The analysis of gut microbiota in placebo control and herb-supplemented participants indicated that responses were highly personalized, and no taxa were uniformly altered by the medicinal herb supplementation protocol. Subjects in both treatment groups displayed a trend toward decreased Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes ratio and increased relative abundance of Akkermansia muciniphila. Both medicinal herb treatments reduced the relative abundance of Rikenellaceae, primarily reflecting changes in Alistipes spp. Conclusions: Dietary supplementation with medicinal herbs altered fecal microbial communities. Despite the lack of a clear response signature, a group of bacterial taxa were identified that were more commonly altered in herb-supplemented participants compared to placebo controls. Clinicaltrials.gov identifier NCT03477825.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine T Peterson
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Aunna Pourang
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Simran Dhaliwal
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA
| | - Jordan N Kohn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Sasha Uchitel
- Department of Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Harjot Singh
- Department of Naturopathic Medicine, Bastyr University San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Paul J Mills
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, Center of Excellence for Research and Training in Integrative Health, University of California San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Scott N Peterson
- Tumor Microenvironment and Cancer Immunology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Raja K Sivamani
- Department of Dermatology, University of California Davis, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, California State University, Sacramento, CA, USA.,College of Medicine, California Northstate University, Elk Grove, CA, USA.,Pacific Skin Institute, Sacramento, CA, USA.,Zen Dermatology, Sacramento, CA, USA
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26
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Wang K, Gao L, Zhang Q, Zhang Y, Yao W, Zhang M, Tang Y, Ding A, Zhang L. Revealing the mechanisms and the material basis of Rubia cordifolia L. on abnormal uterine bleeding with uniting simultaneous determination of four components and systematic pharmacology approach-experimental validation. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2020; 189:113475. [PMID: 32688212 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2020.113475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2020] [Revised: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The roots of Rubia cordifolia L. (RCL) have become an important medicine for abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB) and hemorrhage syndrome in Traditional Asian medicine. However, the underlying mechanism and the material basis of RCL for treating AUB has not been fully elucidated. In this study, quantitative evaluation of quinones, systematic pharmacology and experimental verification were adopted. Firstly, the Disease-Ingredient-Target network was established by Cytoscape, which was consistent with 23 compounds and 47 target genes. The hub targets were discovered by Maximal Clique Centrality (MCC) method with Cytohubba plugins of Cytoscape, and top 20 nodes were ranked by MCC. It was assumed that mollugin is the main ingredient of RCL for treating AUB. Pathways on which RCL acted were obtained from observation of its biological functions, KEGG pathways and Reactome pathway enrichment analysis. The possible mechanism of RCL for treating AUB was revealed for improvment of the blood clotting system, blood circulation, arachidonic acid metabolism and inflammation. Then, a novel method for evaluating the quality of RCL was established, and the content of mollugin in RCL was the higher than others. Finally, pharmacologic experiments confirmed that RCL could improve the inflammation by inhibiting the activity of COX-2 and cPLA2 enzyme, ameliorate blood hypercoagulability by affecting coagulation cascade and fibrinolytic system. It was found that RCL inhibited the expression COX-2 and PAI-1 by reducing HIF-1α expression. The trend of each index of mollugin was consistent with that of RCL, indicating that it played an important role in RCL for treating AUB. The above results could provide a novel method for the quality evaluation of RCL and was expected to give us more important information regarding the use of RCL as a promising drug candidate for AUB, offering a fertility preserving medical, non-hormonal treatment choose for women with AUB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lan Gao
- Nanjing Jiangning Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Teaching Hospital of Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 211100, China
| | - Qiao Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weifeng Yao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Min Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yuping Tang
- Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine for TCM Compatibility, Shaanxi University of Chinese Medicine, Xi'an, 712046, Shaanxi Province, China
| | - Anwei Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High Technology Research of TCM Formulae, National and Local Collaborative Engineering Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization and Formulae Innovative Medicine and Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medicinal Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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27
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Medicinal plants used by traditional medicine practitioners to boost the immune system in people living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2019.101011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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28
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Effects of rhubarb on the expression of glucocorticoids receptor and regulation of cellular immunity in burn-induced septic rats. Chin Med J (Engl) 2019; 132:1188-1193. [PMID: 31140990 PMCID: PMC6511408 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000000201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: It is important to modulate the expression of glucocorticoids receptor (GR) in tress and maintain the immunity homeostasis in sepsis process. Rhubarb have been shown to have potential effects on anti-inflammatory and immune modulation. The present study was designed to investigate the effects of rhubarb on the expression of GR and cellular immunity in burn-induced septic rats. Methods: Sixty-six healthy male Sprague Dawley (SD) rats were randomized into sepsis group (n = 24), rhubarb group (n = 24), and control group (n = 18); each group were further randomized into 12, 24, and 72 h subgroups according to different time points. During onset of the sepsis model, the rats in the rhubarb group were infused with 50 mg/kg rhubarb powder dissolved into 1 mL saline through gastric tube, while sepsis and control groups were treated with saline. The binding activity of GR in liver cytosol and binding capacity of GR in peripheral blood leucocyte were analyzed by radiation ligands binding assay. The percentages of CD4+,CD8+,CD4+CD25+T cells, CD19+B cells as well as natural killer (NK) cells in the lymphocytes in peripheral blood were detected by flow cytometer. For assessing the differences among groups, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) with Scheffe multi-comparison techniques were employed. Comparisons between time-based measurements within each group were performed with ANOVA repeated measurement. Results: The binding activity of GR in liver cytosol and binding capacity of GR in peripheral blood leucocyte were significantly decreased in a time-dependent manner in sepsis group (t = 23.045, P < 0.01; t = 24.395, P < 0.05, respectively), which were increased in a time-dependent manner after rhubarb administration (t = 19.965, P < 0.05; t = 17.140, P < 0.05, respectively). Twelve hours after sepsis, the percentages of CD4+ T cells, CD4+/CD25+ T cell ratio, and CD19+ B cells in the peripheral blood were significantly increased in the sepsis group (t = −3.395, P < 0.01; t = 2.568, P < 0.05; t = 2.993, P < 0.05, vs. control mice, respectively). However, the percentage of NK cells in the peripheral blood were significantly decreased in the sepsis group (t = −2.022, P < 0.05, vs. control mice). Twelve hours after sepsis, the percentage of CD8+ T cells were significantly decreased in the peripheral blood in the sepsis group (t = −2.191, P < 0.05, vs. control mice) and were significantly increased in the rhubarb group (t = 2.953, P < 0.05, vs. sepsis mice). Seventy-two hours after sepsis, the ratio of CD4+/CD25+ T cell in peripheral blood were significantly increased in the sepsis group (t = 2.508, P < 0.05, vs. control mice) while were significantly decreased in the rhubarb group (t = 3.378, P < 0.05, vs. control mice). Furthermore, the percentages of CD19+ B cell in peripheral blood were significantly decreased at 72 h in the rhubarb group (t = 2.041, P < 0.05 vs. sepsis group). Conclusions: Rhubarb might play potential anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory roles in the sepsis processes.
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29
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Bovio E, Fauchon M, Toueix Y, Mehiri M, Varese GC, Hellio C. The Sponge-Associated Fungus Eurotium chevalieri MUT 2316 and its Bioactive Molecules: Potential Applications in the Field of Antifouling. MARINE BIOTECHNOLOGY (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2019; 21:743-752. [PMID: 31494811 DOI: 10.1007/s10126-019-09920-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The need for new environmentally friendly antifouling and the observation that many marine organisms have developed strategies to keep their surface free of epibionts has stimulated the search for marine natural compounds with antifouling activities. Sponges and in particular fungi associated with them represent one of the most appropriate sources of defence molecules and could represent a promising biomass for the supply of new antifouling compounds. The objective of this work was therefore to evaluate the antifouling potency of 7 compounds isolated from the sponge derived fungus Eurotium chevalieri MUT 2316. The assessment of their activity targeted the inhibition of the adhesion and/or growth of selected marine bacteria (5) and microalgae (5), as well as the inhibition of the mussel's byssus thread formation (tyrosinase activity). The 7 compounds showed bioactivity, with various levels of selectivity for species. Cyclo-L-Trp-L-Ala was the most promising active compound, and led to the inhibition, at very low concentrations (0.001 μg ml-1 in 61.5% of cases), of adhesion and growth of all the microalgae, of selected bacteria, and towards the inhibition of tyrosinase. Promising results were also obtained for echinulin, neoechinulin A, dihydroauroglaucin and flavoglaucin, respectively, leading to inhibition of adhesion and/or growth of 9, 7, 8 and 8 microfouling species at various concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bovio
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy
- CNRS, Nice Institute of Chemistry, UMR 7272, Marine Natural Products Team, University Nice Côte d'Azur, 60103, Nice, France
| | - Marilyne Fauchon
- University Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Yannick Toueix
- University Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, F-29280, Plouzané, France
| | - Mohamed Mehiri
- CNRS, Nice Institute of Chemistry, UMR 7272, Marine Natural Products Team, University Nice Côte d'Azur, 60103, Nice, France
| | - Giovanna Cristina Varese
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125, Turin, Italy.
| | - Claire Hellio
- University Brest, CNRS, IRD, Ifremer, LEMAR, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer, F-29280, Plouzané, France.
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30
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Kim YG, Park YH, Yang EY, Park WS, Park KS. Inhibition of tamoxifen's therapeutic effects by emodin in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer cell lines. Ann Surg Treat Res 2019; 97:230-238. [PMID: 31742207 PMCID: PMC6848006 DOI: 10.4174/astr.2019.97.5.230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was aimed to investigate the combination effect of endoxifen and emodin on estrogen receptor (ER) positive breast cancer cell lines and to explain the mechanism of the combination effect. Methods We conducted this study on MCF-7 (ER+/human epidermal growth factor receptor-2 [HER2]−), T47D (ER+/HER2−), ZR-75-1 (ER+/HER2+), and BT474 (ER+/HER2+) cell lines, which confirmed combination effect of endoxifen and emodin. Optimal concentrations for combination were determined to study the effects on proliferation of MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cells. Analysis of the combination effect was carried out in the CompuSyn software. The combination of downstream mechanisms, and combined effects of other similar compounds were tested on the MCF-7 and ZR 75-1 cell lines. Protein expression was confirmed by western blot. Results The combination of endoxifen and emodin had antagonistic effects on MCF-7 and ZR-75-1cell lines (combination index > 1). We validated the antagonistic effect in T47D and BT474 cell lines. During the combined treatment, the results showed elevated amounts of cyclin D1 and phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (pERK). Analysis of drug interactions showed antagonistic effect between endoxifen and chemical compounds similar to emodin, such as chrysophanol or rhein, in MCF-7 and ZR-75-1 cells. Conclusion Addition of emodin attenuated tamoxifen's treatment effect via cyclin D1 and pERK up-regulation in ER-positive breast cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Gyoung Kim
- Department of Surgery, Bundang Jesang General Hospital, Seongnam, Korea.,Clinical Science, Department of Medicine, The Graduate School of Konkuk University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon Hwa Park
- Division of Radiation Cancer Research, Korea Institute of Radiological and Medical Sciences, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eun Yoel Yang
- Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital/Cancer Center for Women, Breast and Thyroid Cancer Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - Won Seo Park
- Department of Surgery, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyoung Sik Park
- Department of Surgery, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Research Institute of Medical Science, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Khalaf OM, Ghareeb MA, Saad AM, Madkour HMF, El-Ziaty AK, Abdel-Aziz MS. Phenolic constituents, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and anticancer activities of ethyl acetate and n-butanol extracts of Senna italica. ACTA CHROMATOGR 2019. [DOI: 10.1556/1326.2018.00412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar M. Khalaf
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, El-Khalifa El-Mamoun, 11566 Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mosad A. Ghareeb
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile, 12411 Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza, Egypt
| | - Amal M. Saad
- Medicinal Chemistry Department, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Kornaish El-Nile, 12411 Warrak El-Hadar, Imbaba (P.O. 30), Giza, Egypt
| | - Hassan M. F. Madkour
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, El-Khalifa El-Mamoun, 11566 Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed K. El-Ziaty
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, El-Khalifa El-Mamoun, 11566 Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed S. Abdel-Aziz
- Microbial Chemistry Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Division, National Research Centre, El Behoos Street 33, Dokki-Giza 12622, Egypt
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Bovio E, Garzoli L, Poli A, Luganini A, Villa P, Musumeci R, McCormack GP, Cocuzza CE, Gribaudo G, Mehiri M, Varese GC. Marine Fungi from the Sponge Grantia compressa: Biodiversity, Chemodiversity, and Biotechnological Potential. Mar Drugs 2019; 17:E220. [PMID: 30978942 PMCID: PMC6520677 DOI: 10.3390/md17040220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2018] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of antibiotic resistance and viruses with high epidemic potential made unexplored marine environments an appealing target source for new metabolites. Marine fungi represent one of the most suitable sources for the discovery of new compounds. Thus, the aim of this work was (i) to isolate and identify fungi associated with the Atlantic sponge Grantia compressa; (ii) to study the fungal metabolites by applying the OSMAC approach (one strain; many compounds); (iii) to test fungal compounds for their antimicrobial activities. Twenty-one fungal strains (17 taxa) were isolated from G. compressa. The OSMAC approach revealed an astonishing metabolic diversity in the marine fungus Eurotium chevalieri MUT 2316, from which 10 compounds were extracted, isolated, and characterized. All metabolites were tested against viruses and bacteria (reference and multidrug-resistant strains). Dihydroauroglaucin completely inhibited the replication of influenza A virus; as for herpes simplex virus 1, total inhibition of replication was observed for both physcion and neoechinulin D. Six out of 10 compounds were active against Gram-positive bacteria with isodihydroauroglaucin being the most promising compound (minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) 4-64 µg/mL) with bactericidal activity. Overall, G. compressa proved to be an outstanding source of fungal diversity. Marine fungi were capable of producing different metabolites; in particular, the compounds isolated from E. chevalieri showed promising bioactivity against well-known and emerging pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Bovio
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy.
- University Nice Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Nice Institute of Chemistry, UMR 7272, Marine Natural Products Team, 60103 Nice, France.
| | - Laura Garzoli
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Anna Poli
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy.
| | - Anna Luganini
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy.
| | - Pietro Villa
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Rosario Musumeci
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Grace P McCormack
- Zoology, Ryan Institute, School of Natural Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, University Road, Galway H91 TK33, Ireland.
| | - Clementina E Cocuzza
- Laboratory of Clinical Microbiology and Virology, Department of Medicine, University of Milano-Bicocca, via Cadore 48, 20900 Monza, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Gribaudo
- Laboratory of Microbiology and Virology, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10123 Turin, Italy.
| | - Mohamed Mehiri
- University Nice Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Nice Institute of Chemistry, UMR 7272, Marine Natural Products Team, 60103 Nice, France.
| | - Giovanna C Varese
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Turin, Viale Mattioli 25, 10125 Turin, Italy.
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Emodin-nicotinamide (1:2) cocrystal identified by thermal screening to improve emodin solubility. Int J Pharm 2019; 557:26-35. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2018.12.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2018] [Revised: 11/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Induction of pigment production through media composition, abiotic and biotic factors in two filamentous fungi. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 21:e00308. [PMID: 30788221 PMCID: PMC6369258 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2019.e00308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2018] [Revised: 01/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Pigment production and accumulation is dependent of high C:N ratios in F. oxysporum and A. chevaleri. Red pigment content of F. oxysporum in terms of Absorbance units per gram of biomass increased in 191% through use of blue light. Different light wavelengths stimulate synthesis of additional pigments in A. chevalieri with highest accumulation in red and UV-light. Stimulation of pigment production in co-culture is species – specific, being only accomplished in A. chevalieri. With a rise higher that 500% of a pigment obtained in green light.
In addition to plant-derived, fungal pigments have become an alternative in respect to synthetic ones. Besides Monascus sp., several pigment-producing fungi do not have culture conditions well-established yet. In this research, media composition, light wavelength and co-culture were evaluated, results were reported in Absorbance Units per gram of biomass (AU/Bgr). For Fusarium oxysporum a C:N ratio above 7 was advantageous, using both complex and defined media; blue LED light increased the AU/Bgr value from 18013 to 344; co-culture did not enhance pigment production. In Aspergillus chevalieri a high C:N ratio with glucose as carbon source was ideal. When exposing cultures to light, UV and red light gave the highest pigmentation; moreover, differential UV-VIS spectra in all wavelengths suggested production of additional pigments. Particularly a pigment observed when cultured in green light was also found in co-culture with yeast and there was an improvement of AU/Bgr value of 52549%. This is the first report regarding light effect and co-culture for these fungi, as well as C:N ratio for A. chevalieri.
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Jiang LL, Jiang Y, Zhao DS, Fan YX, Yu Q, Li P, Li HJ. CYP3A Activation and Glutathione Depletion Aggravate Emodin-Induced Liver Injury. Chem Res Toxicol 2018; 31:1052-1060. [PMID: 30203651 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.8b00117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
1,3,8-Trihydroxy-6-methylanthraquinone (emodin), a widely existing natural product in herbal medicines, has been reported to be hepatotoxic, but the exact underlying mechanism is still not fully understood. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the role of CYP3A and glutathione (GSH) in emodin-induced liver injury. Primary human hepatocytes were exposed to emodin with and without addition of CYP3A inducer/inhibitor and GSH synthesis inhibitor. It was found that emodin-mediated cytotoxicity increased when CYP3A was activated and GSH was depleted. Hepatotoxicity induced by emodin in rats by activation/inhibition of CYP3A and depletion of GSH was further investigated. Administration of emodin in combination with l-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) or dexamethasone (DEX) resulted in aggravated liver injury, whereas pretreatment with ketoconazole (KTZ) suppressed the side effects caused by emodin. In addition, plasma exposure of emodin and its glucuronide metabolite were measured by ultraperformance liquid chromatography triple quadrupole mass spectrometry. Emodin and its glucuronide were lower in BSO-, DEX-, and KTZ- co-treated rats compared with those administered with emodin alone. In conclusion, these mentioned results suggested that CYP3A induction and GSH depletion might be involved in hepatotoxicity induced by emodin. This study may help to understand the risk factors and the mechanism of hepatotoxicity of emodin in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Long Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Yan Jiang
- Nanjing Forestry University , Nanjing , China
| | - Dong-Sheng Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Ya-Xi Fan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Qiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
| | - Hui-Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines , China Pharmaceutical University , Nanjing , China
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Shen CH, Liu CT, Song XJ, Zeng WY, Lu XY, Zheng ZL, Jie-Pan, Zhan RT, Ping-Yan. Evaluation of analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of Rubia cordifolia L. by spectrum-effect relationships. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1090:73-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Diaz-Muñoz G, Miranda IL, Sartori SK, de Rezende DC, Diaz MA. Anthraquinones: An Overview. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-64056-7.00011-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Subramani R, Narayanasamy M, Feussner KD. Plant-derived antimicrobials to fight against multi-drug-resistant human pathogens. 3 Biotech 2017; 7:172. [PMID: 28660459 PMCID: PMC5489455 DOI: 10.1007/s13205-017-0848-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance is becoming a pivotal concern for public health that has accelerated the search for new antimicrobial molecules from nature. Numbers of human pathogens have inevitably evolved to become resistant to various currently available drugs causing considerable mortality and morbidity worldwide. It is apparent that novel antibiotics are urgently warranted to combat these life-threatening pathogens. In recent years, there have been an increasing number of studies to discover new bioactive compounds from plant origin with the hope to control antibiotic-resistant bacteria. This review attempts to focus and record the plant-derived compounds and plant extracts against multi-drug-resistant (MDR) pathogens including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), MDR-Mycobacterium tuberculosis and malarial parasites Plasmodium spp. reported between 2005 and 2015. During this period, a total of 110 purified compounds and 60 plant extracts were obtained from 112 different plants. The plants reviewed in this study belong to 70 different families reported from 36 countries around the world. The present review also discusses the drug resistance in bacteria and emphasizes the urge for new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramesh Subramani
- Department of Biology, School of Sciences, College of Engineering, Science and Technology, Fiji National University, Natabua Campus, Lautoka, Fiji.
| | | | - Klaus-D Feussner
- Centre for Drug Discovery and Conservation, Institute of Applied Sciences, The University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji
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Ju Woo H, Jun DY, Lee JY, Park HS, Woo MH, Park SJ, Kim SC, Yang CH, Kim YH. Anti-inflammatory action of 2-carbomethoxy-2,3-epoxy-3-prenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (CMEP-NQ) suppresses both the MyD88-dependent and TRIF-dependent pathways of TLR4 signaling in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2017; 205:103-115. [PMID: 28465253 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Revised: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The roots of Rubia cordifolia L. have been widely used as a traditional herbal medicine in Northeast Asia for treating inflammatory diseases. AIM OF THE STUDY To elucidate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of 2-carbomethoxy-2,3-epoxy-3- prenyl-1,4-naphthoquinone (CMEP-NQ), purified from the roots of R. cordifolia L. as the major anti-inflammatory component, in LPS-treated RAW264.7 murine macrophage cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS Anti-inflammatory activity of CMEP-NQ was investigated in LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells by measuring the levels of NO, PGE2, and cytokines (IL1β, IL-6, TNF-α) in the culture supernatants and the TLR4-mediated intracellular events including association of MyD88 with IRAK1, activation of IRAK1, TAK1, MAPKs, NF-κB/AP-1, and IRF3, and generation of ROS. RESULTS Pretreatment of RAW264.7 cells with CMEP-NQ reduced LPS-induced production of NO and PGE2 by suppressing iNOS and COX-2 gene expression. CMEP-NQ also reduced the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α by down-regulating mRNA levels. Under these conditions, TLR4-mediated MyD88-dependent events were inhibited by CMEP-NQ, including the association of MyD88 with IRAK1, phosphorylation of IRAK1, TAK1, and MAPKs (ERK, JNK and p38 MAPK), and activation of NF-κB and AP-1. As TRIF-dependent events of TLR4 signaling, phosphorylation of IRF3 and induction of iNOS protein expression were also inhibited by CMEP-NQ. However, the binding of FITC-conjugated LPS to cell surface TLR4 was not affected by CMEP-NQ. Following LPS stimulation, intracellular ROS production was first detected by DCFH-DA staining at 1h; then it continuously increased until 16h. Although CMEP-NQ failed to exhibit DPPH radical- or ABTS radical-scavenging activity in vitro, LPS-induced ROS production in RAW264.7 cells was more efficiently blocked by CMEP-NQ than by NAC. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrate that the suppressive effect of CMEP-NQ on LPS-induced inflammatory responses in RAW264.7 cells was mainly exerted via its inhibition of TLR4-mediated proximal events, such as MyD88-dependent NF-κB/AP-1 activation and ROS production, and TRIF-dependent IRF3 activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Ju Woo
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Do Youn Jun
- Institute of Life Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Ji Young Lee
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Hae Sun Park
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea
| | - Mi Hee Woo
- College of Pharmacology, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan 712-702, South Korea
| | - Sook Jahr Park
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Hanny University, Daegu 706-060, South Korea
| | - Sang Chan Kim
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Hanny University, Daegu 706-060, South Korea
| | - Chae Ha Yang
- College of Oriental Medicine, Daegu Hanny University, Daegu 706-060, South Korea
| | - Young Ho Kim
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, School of Life Science and Biotechnology, College of Natural Sciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, South Korea.
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Ban E, Park M, Jeong S, Kwon T, Kim EH, Jung K, Kim A. Poloxamer-Based Thermoreversible Gel for Topical Delivery of Emodin: Influence of P407 and P188 on Solubility of Emodin and Its Application in Cellular Activity Screening. Molecules 2017; 22:E246. [PMID: 28178225 PMCID: PMC6155703 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22020246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2016] [Revised: 01/29/2017] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Emodin is a component in a Chinese herb, Rheum officinale Baill, traditionally used for diabetes and anticancer. Its poor solubility is one of the major challenges to pharmaceutical scientists. We previously reported on thermoreversible gel formulations based on poloxamer for the topical delivery of emodin. The present study was to understand the effect of poloxamer type on emodin solubility and its application in cellular activity screening. Various gel formulations composed of poloxamer 407 (P407), poloxamer 188 (P188) and PEG400 were prepared and evaluated. Major evaluation parameters were the gelation temperature (Tgel) and solubility of emodin. The emodin solubility increased with increasing poloxamer concentration and the Tgel was modulated by the proper combination of P407. In particular, this study showed that the amount of P407 in thermoreversible poloxamer gel (PG) was the dominant factor in enhancing solubility and P188 was effective at fixing gelation temperature in the desired range. A thermoreversible emodin PG was selected as the proper composition with the liquid state at room temperature and gel state at body temperature. The gel showed the solubility enhancement of emodin at least 100-fold compared to 10% ethanol or water. The thermoreversible formulation was applied for in vitro cellular activity screening in the human dermal fibroblast cell line and DLD-1 colon cancer cell line after dilution with cell culture media. The thermoreversible gel formulation remained as a clear solution in the microplate, which allowed reliable cellular activity screening. In contrast, emodin solution in ethanol or DMSO showed precipitation at the corresponding emodin concentration, complicating data interpretation. In conclusion, the gel formulation is proposed as a useful prototype topical formulation for testing emodin in vivo as well as in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunmi Ban
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 521 CHA Bio Complex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-400, Korea.
| | - Mijung Park
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 521 CHA Bio Complex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-400, Korea.
| | - Seonghee Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 521 CHA Bio Complex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-400, Korea.
| | - Taekhyun Kwon
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 521 CHA Bio Complex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-400, Korea.
| | - Eun-Hee Kim
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 521 CHA Bio Complex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-400, Korea.
| | - Kiwon Jung
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 521 CHA Bio Complex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-400, Korea.
| | - Aeri Kim
- College of Pharmacy, CHA University, 521 CHA Bio Complex, 335 Pangyo-ro, Bundang-gu, Seongnam 463-400, Korea.
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Qin B, Xu Y, Chen J, Huang W, Peng Y, Zheng J. Chemical Reactivity of Emodin and Its Oxidative Metabolites to Thiols. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:2114-2124. [PMID: 27989148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Polygonum multiflorum is an herbal medicine widely employed in China. Hepatotoxicity of the herbal medicine has been well documented, but the mechanisms of the toxicity remain unknown. Emodin (EM) is a major constituent of the herb and has been reported to be hepatotoxic. The main purpose of this study was to define the metabolic pathways of EM in order to characterize the potential reactive intermediates. EM was incubated with rat liver microsomes or human liver microsomes, followed by LC-MS/MS analysis to investigate the in vitro and in vivo metabolism of EM. As a result, three monohydroxylation metabolites (M1-M3) were detected after exposure to EM: ω-hydroxyemodin, 2-hydroxyemodin, and 5-hydroxyemodin. Urinary M1 and M2 were detected in rats administered EM. Three mercapturic acids (M4-M6) were found in microsomal incubations containing EM, NADPH, and N-acetylcysteine. It appears that M4 originated from parent compound EM, and M5 and M6 originated from M1 and M2, respectively. Two biliary EM-derived GSH conjugates were found in EM-treated rats. One arose from direct adduction of EM with GSH, and the other was derived from M1. Cytochrome P450's 1A2, 2C19, and 3A4 were the predominant P450 enzymes to oxidize EM. The findings helped us to understand the mechanisms of EM-induced hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Wenlin Huang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington , Seattle, Washington 98195, United States
| | | | - Jiang Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutics of Guizhou Province, Guizhou Medical University , Guiyang, Guizhou 550004, P. R. China
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Thameem Azarudeen RMS, Govindarajan M, AlShebly MM, AlQahtani FS, Amsath A, Benelli G. One Pot Green Synthesis of Colloidal Silver Nanocrystals Using the Ventilago maderaspatana Leaf Extract: Acute Toxicity on Malaria, Zika Virus and Filariasis Mosquito Vectors. J CLUST SCI 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10876-016-1103-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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Ismaiel AA, Rabie GH, Abd El-Aal MA. Antimicrobial and morphogenic effects of emodin produced by Aspergillus awamori WAIR120. Biologia (Bratisl) 2016; 71:464-474. [DOI: 10.1515/biolog-2016-0067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2016] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
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Anti-inflammatory effect of emodin via attenuation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:8102-9. [PMID: 25867480 PMCID: PMC4425069 DOI: 10.3390/ijms16048102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2015] [Revised: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Emodin, an active constituent of oriental herbs, is widely used to treat allergy, inflammation, and other symptoms. This study provides the scientific basis for the anti-inflammasome effects of emodin on both in vitro and in vivo experimental models. Bone marrow-derived macrophages were used to study the effects of emodin on inflammasome activation by using inflammasome inducers such as ATP, nigericin, and silica crystals. The lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endotoxin shock model was employed to study the effect of emodin on in vivo efficacy. Emodin treatment attenuated interleukin (IL)-1β secretion via the inhibition of NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation induced by ATP, nigericin, and silica crystals. Further, emodin ameliorated the severity of NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated symptoms in LPS-induced endotoxin mouse models. This study is the first to reveal mechanism-based evidence, especially with respect to regulation of inflammasome activation, substantiating traditional claims of emodin in the treatment of inflammation-related disorders.
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Rajesh P, Samaga PV, Ravishankar Rai V, Lokanatha Rai K. In vitrobiological activity of aromadendrin-4′-methyl ether isolated from root extract ofVentilago madraspatanaGaertn with relevance to anticandidal activity. Nat Prod Res 2014; 29:1042-5. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.968152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Emodin Inhibits Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase in a Rat Model of Craniocerebral Explosive Injury. Neurochem Res 2014; 39:1809-16. [DOI: 10.1007/s11064-014-1395-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2013] [Revised: 07/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/17/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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Yan D, Ma B, Shi R, Wang T, Ma Y. Involvement of herb–herb interactions in the influences of Radix Scutellaria and Coptis Chinensis on the bioavailability of the anthraquinones form Rhei Rhizoma in rats. Eur J Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2014; 40:103-10. [DOI: 10.1007/s13318-014-0188-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 03/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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The combined effect of survivin-targeted shRNA and emodin on the proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cells. Anticancer Drugs 2014; 24:937-44. [PMID: 23921083 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e328364efe0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Survivin has been shown to be highly expressed in ovarian cancers, but not normal ovarian tissue, which makes it an attractive target for ovarian cancer treatment. Emodin is a traditional Chinese medicine that has been found to inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in ovarian cancer cells. Thus, in our study, we combined survivin-targeted shRNA (sur-shRNA) with emodin and tested the effects of this combination on ovarian cancer cells to identify more effective therapeutics against ovarian cancer. A sur-shRNA plasmid was constructed and transfected into the ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and HO8910, and the cells were cultured for 24 h. The cells were then treated with emodin for specific time periods and assessed for viability and apoptosis using the MTT assay and flow cytometry, respectively. Cell invasion was also measured using a Matrigel invasion assay. The shRNA specific for survivin effectively reduced the expression of survivin at the mRNA and protein levels in SKOV3 and HO8910 cells. Both emodin and shRNA-mediated knockdown of survivin significantly inhibited cell proliferation, induced apoptosis, and suppressed invasion in SKOV3 and HO8910 cells (P<0.05). Moreover, the combination of the agents significantly enhanced these effects (P<0.05). We found that the combination of sur-shRNA and emodin could be effective in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Xu K, Wang P, Wang L, Liu C, Xu S, Cheng Y, Wang Y, Li Q, Lei H. Quinone Derivatives from the Genus Rubia
and Their Bioactivities. Chem Biodivers 2014; 11:341-63. [DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.201200173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Virtualizing the p-ANAPL library: a step towards drug discovery from African medicinal plants. PLoS One 2014; 9:e90655. [PMID: 24599120 PMCID: PMC3944075 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0090655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 02/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Natural products play a key role in drug discovery programs, both serving as drugs and as templates for the synthesis of drugs, even though the quantities and availabilities of samples for screening are often limitted. Experimental approach A current collection of physical samples of > 500 compound derived from African medicinal plants aimed at screening for drug discovery has been made by donations from several researchers from across the continent to be directly available for drug discovery programs. A virtual library of 3D structures of compounds has been generated and Lipinski’s “Rule of Five” has been used to evaluate likely oral availability of the samples. Results A majority of the compound samples are made of flavonoids and about two thirds (2/3) are compliant to the “Rule of Five”. The pharmacological profiles of thirty six (36) selected compounds in the collection have been discussed. Conclusions and implications The p-ANAPL library is the largest physical collection of natural products derived from African medicinal plants directly available for screening purposes. The virtual library is also available and could be employed in virtual screening campaigns.
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