1
|
Kumar A, Sharma B, Sharma U, Parashar G, Parashar NC, Rani I, Ramniwas S, Kaur S, Haque S, Tuli HS. Apoptotic and antimetastatic effect of cucurbitacins in cancer: recent trends and advancement. NAUNYN-SCHMIEDEBERG'S ARCHIVES OF PHARMACOLOGY 2023; 396:1867-1878. [PMID: 37010571 DOI: 10.1007/s00210-023-02471-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The Cucurbitaceae family produces a class of secondary metabolites known as cucurbitacins. The eight cucurbitacin subunits are cucurbitacin B, D, E, I, IIa, L glucoside, Q, and R with the most significant anticancer activity. They are reported to inhibit cell proliferation, invasion, and migration; induce apoptosis; and encourage cell cycle arrest, as some of their modes of action. The JAK-STAT3, Wnt, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways, which are essential for the survival and apoptosis of cancer cells, have also been shown to be suppressed by cucurbitacins. The goal of the current study is to summarize potential molecular targets that cucurbitacins could inhibit in order to suppress various malignant processes. The review is noteworthy since it presents all putative molecular targets for cucurbitacins in cancer on a single podium.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Punjab Biotechnology Incubator (PBTI), Phase VIII, Mohali, 160071, India
| | - Bunty Sharma
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Ujjawal Sharma
- Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, School of Health Sciences, Central University of Punjab, Bathinda, Punjab, 151401, India
| | - Gaurav Parashar
- Division of Biomedical and Life Sciences, School of Science, Navrachana University Vadodara, Gujrat, 391410, India
| | - Nidarshana Chaturvedi Parashar
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India
| | - Isha Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, maharishi markendashwar college of medical sciences and Research (MMCMSR), Sadopur, Ambala, 134007, India
| | - Seema Ramniwas
- University Centre for Research and Development, University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Mohali, 140413, India
| | - Satwinderjeet Kaur
- Department of Botanical and Environmental Sciences, Guru Nanak Dev University, Amritsar, 143005, India
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hardeep Singh Tuli
- Department of Biotechnology, Maharishi Markandeshwar Engineering College, Maharishi Markandeshwar (Deemed to be University), Mullana, Ambala, 133207, India.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Benka M, Görlitz K, Schöttgen MC, Lagies S, Mohl DA, Kather M, Du Preez-Bruwer I, Mumbengegwi D, Teufel R, Kowarschik S, Huber R, Plattner DA, Kammerer B. Mass Spectrometric Analysis of Cucurbitacins and Dihydrocucurbitacins from the Tuber of Citrullus naudinianus. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1168. [PMID: 37627233 PMCID: PMC10452186 DOI: 10.3390/biom13081168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The vast pool of structurally and functionally distinct secondary metabolites (i.e., natural products (NPs)) is constantly being expanded, a process also driven by the rapid progress in the development of analytical techniques. Such NPs often show potent biological activities and are therefore prime candidates for drug development and medical applications. The ethyl acetate extract of the tuber of Citrullus naudinianus (C. naudinianus), an African melon with edible fruits and seeds, shows in vitro immunomodulatory activity presumably elicited by cucurbitacins that are known major constituents of this plant. Further potentially immunomodulatory cucurbitacins or cucurbitacin derivatives were assumed to be in the tuber. Given the typically high content of cucurbitacins with similar physicochemical features but often distinct bioactivities, an efficient and reliable separation process is a prerequisite for their detailed characterization and assessment in terms of bioactivity. We therefore developed a detection method to screen and differentiate cucurbitacins via high-performance liquid chromatography/quadrupole-time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-QTOF-MS/MS). In order to confirm the identification, the fragmentation patterns of two cucurbitacins and one 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacin were also investigated. Six characteristic fragments were identified and three of them were employed for the identification of cucurbitacins and 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacins in the extract. As a result, in addition to eight previously reported cucurbitacins from this plant four distinct 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacins (B, D, E, and I) were putatively identified and newly found in the ethyl acetate extract of the tuber of C. naudinianus. The established methodology enables rapid and efficient LC-MS-based analysis and identification of cucurbitacins and 23,24-dihydrocucurbitacins in plant extracts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Benka
- Core Competence Metabolomics, Hilde-Mangold-Haus, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (M.B.)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Hermann Staudinger Graduate School, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kristof Görlitz
- Core Competence Metabolomics, Hilde-Mangold-Haus, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (M.B.)
| | - Michael C. Schöttgen
- Core Competence Metabolomics, Hilde-Mangold-Haus, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (M.B.)
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Simon Lagies
- Core Competence Metabolomics, Hilde-Mangold-Haus, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (M.B.)
- Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center—University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Daniel A. Mohl
- Core Competence Metabolomics, Hilde-Mangold-Haus, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (M.B.)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- Hermann Staudinger Graduate School, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Michel Kather
- Core Competence Metabolomics, Hilde-Mangold-Haus, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (M.B.)
| | - Iwanette Du Preez-Bruwer
- Centre for Research Services, University of Namibia, Private Bag, Mandume, Ndemufayo Avenue, Pioneers Park, Windhoek 13301, Namibia
| | - Davis Mumbengegwi
- Centre for Research Services, University of Namibia, Private Bag, Mandume, Ndemufayo Avenue, Pioneers Park, Windhoek 13301, Namibia
| | - Robin Teufel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Stefanie Kowarschik
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Roman Huber
- Center for Complementary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine II, University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, 79106 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dietmar A. Plattner
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernd Kammerer
- Core Competence Metabolomics, Hilde-Mangold-Haus, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany; (M.B.)
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, 79104 Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Nath S, Mukherjee AK. Ethnomedicines for the treatment of scorpion stings: A perspective study. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 282:114599. [PMID: 36567038 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Scorpion sting is a public health concern with limited clinical symptomatic treatment. The clinical treatment uses anti-scorpion antivenom and prazosin (α-adrenergic inhibitor), often in combination with insulin, to reduce scorpion venom-induced hyperglycemia and other complications. However, these therapies also possess some limitations, necessitating urgent exploration of ethnomedicines, mainly traditional medicinal plants, to treat scorpion stings. Unfortunately, several conventional treatments are not scientifically validated, thus raising questions about their quality and utility. Therefore, pharmacological re-assessment of such medicinal plants to alleviate scorpion stings' complications is essential. AIM OF THE STUDY The principal objectives of this study are to provide a brief overview of medically important scorpions of the world, outline the extant traditional practices, and comprehensively review plants used in conventional ethnic medicines to treat scorpion stings over time. Modern technological advances in identifying and characterizing plant bioactive molecules are also mentioned in this review. MATERIALS AND METHODS The traditionally used medicinal plants against scorpion stings were reviewed from the available literature in the database. The Plant List (http://www.theplantlist.org/) was used to validate the scientific names of the plants mentioned in this study. The search targeted literature on conventional treatments and crude plant extracts or their bioactive components with proven neutralization capacity against scorpion stings. Search words used were 'scorpion sting,' 'treatment for a scorpion sting,' 'antivenom and scorpion sting,' 'traditional treatment for scorpion stings, and 'natural compounds against scorpion stings'. RESULTS A list of more than 200 medicinal plants traditionally used in several countries for treating scorpion stings is presented in this review. Though some myth-based remedies are practiced to treat scorpion stings, no empirical evidence exists to validate this aspect of traditional knowledge. Only 38 traditional medicinal plant extracts have been tested under in-vivo and in-vitro conditions to determine their neutralization potency of scorpion envenomation. Although a few bioactive plant constituents showing scorpion venom neutralization potency have been characterized, they are not yet commercially available for clinical application. CONCLUSIONS There is tremendous potential locked in medicinal plants' traditional knowledge for scorpion envenomation treatment. Translating this knowledge into the clinical application will require pharmacological reassessment, in tandem with isolation and characterization of active compounds to prove their prophylactic prowess. Almost equally important would be the formulation of stringent strategies to conserve such medicinal plants from overexploitation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susmita Nath
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Gaziabad, India.
| | - Ashis K Mukherjee
- Division of Life Sciences, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Vigyan Path, Paschim Boragaon, Garchuk, Guwahati, 781035, Assam, India; On Deputation from Tezpur University, Tezpur, Assam, India.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Identification and Quantification of Key Phytochemicals, Phytohormones, and Antioxidant Properties in Coccinia grandis during Fruit Ripening. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11112218. [DOI: 10.3390/antiox11112218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Coccinia grandis contains secondary metabolites, such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, terpenoids, alkaloids, sterols, and glycosides, which are known to have in vitro antioxidant, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and antidyslipidemic activities. C. grandis fruits change dramatically during ripening, and the differences in the phytochemicals contribute to various uses. This study reports the phytochemical compounds and antioxidant activities during ripening of C. grandis for the first time. Characterizations were conducted on the physiologically active substances in C. grandis fruits at three ripening stages, and a total of 25 peaks were identified. Key phytochemicals in the ripening stages of C. grandis were identified, and the major substances that contributed to antioxidant properties were selected and quantitatively analyzed. Although the concentration of tiliroside increased during aging, hydroxycinnamic acid (chlorogenic and p-coumaric acids), flavonols (rutin), and triterpenes (cucurbitacins B and D) with antioxidant effects decreased. Therefore, phenolic compounds and cucurbitacins dominate immature C. grandis quantitatively. Regarding phytohormones, the gibberellin A4 content decreased as the fruits matured, but indoleacetic acid and salicylic acid increased with fruit maturity. The antioxidant capacities determined by DPPH and ABTS consistently decreased with increasing maturity. Accordingly, the extracts of immature C. grandis fruits have high levels of bioactive compounds and can be used to develop food additives and health supplements.
Collapse
|
5
|
Saeed M, Khan MS, Amir K, Bi JB, Asif M, Madni A, Kamboh AA, Manzoor Z, Younas U, Chao S. Lagenaria siceraria fruit: A review of its phytochemistry, pharmacology, and promising traditional uses. Front Nutr 2022; 9:927361. [PMID: 36185670 PMCID: PMC9523573 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.927361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Since ancient times, the Cucurbitaceae family is used as a therapeutic option in human medicine. This family has around 130 genera and 800 species. Researchers have studied the various plants of this family including Lagenaria siceraria due to their medicinal potential. Various properties are beneficial for human health, that have been attributed to L. siceraria like antioxidant, hypolipidemic, diuretic, laxative, hepatoprotective, analgesic, antihypertensive, cardioprotective, central nervous system stimulant, anthelmintic, free radical scavenging, immunosuppressive, and adaptogenic. The fruit of this plant is commonly used as a vegetable that has a low-calorie value. The species possess a diverse set of biological compounds like flavonoids, sterols, saponins, and terpenoids. Vitamins, choline, flavonoids, minerals, proteins, terpenoids, and other phytochemicals are also found in the edible parts of this plant. Besides 17 different amino acids, many minerals are reported to be present in the seeds of L. siceraria. According to the USDA nutritional database per 100 g of L. siceraria contains 14 Kcal energy, 3.39 g carbohydrates, 0.62 g protein, 0.2 g fat, and 0.5 g fiber. L. siceraria performs a wide range of pharmacological and physiological actions. The literature reviewed from various sources including PubMed, Science Direct, Google scholar, etc. shows the remarkable potential to treat various human and animal illnesses due to its' potent bioactive chemicals. The key objective of this thorough analysis is to present a summary of the data about the beneficial and harmful effects of L. siceraria intake on human health, as well as in veterinary fields.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Saeed
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
- Muhammad Saeed
| | - Muhammad Sajjad Khan
- The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Jannat Bi Bi
- Department of Physical Education, Beijing Sports University, Beijing, China
| | - Muhammad Asif
- District Head Quarter (DHQ) Hospital, Vehari, Pakistan
| | - Asadullah Madni
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Asghar Ali Kamboh
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Sindh Agriculture University, Tando Jam, Pakistan
| | - Zahid Manzoor
- The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Umair Younas
- The Cholistan University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Sun Chao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, China
- *Correspondence: Sun Chao
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Fatima U, Roy S, Ahmad S, Al-Keridis LA, Alshammari N, Adnan M, Islam A, Hassan MI. Investigating neuroprotective roles of Bacopa monnieri extracts: Mechanistic insights and therapeutic implications. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 153:113469. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2022] [Revised: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
|
7
|
Šamec D, Loizzo MR, Gortzi O, Çankaya İT, Tundis R, Suntar İ, Shirooie S, Zengin G, Devkota HP, Reboredo-Rodríguez P, Hassan STS, Manayi A, Kashani HRK, Nabavi SM. The potential of pumpkin seed oil as a functional food-A comprehensive review of chemical composition, health benefits, and safety. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:4422-4446. [PMID: 35904246 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The growing interest in foods that can be beneficial to human health is bringing into focus some products that have been used locally for centuries but have recently gained worldwide attention. One of these foods is pumpkin seed oil, which has been used in culinary and traditional medicine, but recent data also show its use in the pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries. In addition, some sources refer to it as a potential functional food, mainly because it is obtained from pumpkin seeds, which contain many functional components. However, the production process of the oil may affect the content of these components and consequently the biological activity of the oil. In this review, we have focused on summarizing scientific data that explore the potential of pumpkin seed oil as a functional food ingredient. We provide a comprehensive overview of pumpkin seed oil chemical composition, phytochemical content, biological activity, and safety, as well as the overview of production processes and contemporary use. The main phytochemicals in pumpkin seed oil with health-related properties are polyphenols, phytoestrogens, and fatty acids, but carotenoids, squalene, tocopherols, and minerals may also contribute to health benefits. Most studies have been conducted in vitro and support the claim that pumpkin seed oil has antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. Clinical studies have shown that pumpkin seed oil may be beneficial in the treatment of cardiovascular problems of menopausal women and ailments associated with imbalance of sex hormones.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Šamec
- Department of Food Technology, University Center Koprivnica, University North, Koprivnica, Croatia
| | - Monica Rosa Loizzo
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - Olga Gortzi
- School of Agricultural Sciences, Department of Agriculture Crop Production and Rural Environment, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - İrem Tatlı Çankaya
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Hacettepe University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Rosa Tundis
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria, Rende, CS, Italy
| | - İpek Suntar
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gazi University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Samira Shirooie
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Hari Prasad Devkota
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto, Japan
| | | | - Sherif T S Hassan
- Department of Applied Ecology, Faculty of Environmental Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Azadeh Manayi
- Medicinal Plants Research Centre, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Seyed Mohammad Nabavi
- Applied Biotechnology Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Fatima U, Roy S, Ahmad S, Ali S, Elkady WM, Khan I, Alsaffar RM, Adnan M, Islam A, Hassan MI. Pharmacological attributes of Bacopa monnieri extract: Current updates and clinical manifestation. Front Nutr 2022; 9:972379. [PMID: 36061899 PMCID: PMC9436272 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.972379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacopa monnieri has been used for centuries in Ayurvedic medicine, alone or in combination with other herbs, as a memory and learning enhancer, sedative, and anti-epileptic. This review aimed to highlight the health benefits of B. monnieri extracts (BME), focusing on anti-cancer and neurodegenerative diseases. We examined the clinical studies on phytochemistry and pharmacological application of BME. We further highlighted the mechanism of action of these extracts in varying types of cancer and their therapeutic implications. In addition, we investigated the underlying molecular mechanism in therapeutic interventions, toxicities, safety concerns and synergistic potential in cognition and neuroprotection. Overall, this review provides deeper insights into the therapeutic implications of Brahmi as a lead formulation for treating neurological disorders and exerting cognitive-enhancing effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Urooj Fatima
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Sonam Roy
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | | | - Sabeeha Ali
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Wafaa M. Elkady
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Medicinal Plants, Faculty of Pharmacy, Future University in Egypt, New Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ilyas Khan
- Department of Mathematics, College of Science Al-Zulfi, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rana M. Alsaffar
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohd Adnan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, University of Hail, Hail, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asimul Islam
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Md. Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Cucurbitacin B Down-Regulates TNF Receptor 1 Expression and Inhibits the TNF-α-Dependent Nuclear Factor κB Signaling Pathway in Human Lung Adenocarcinoma A549 Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23137130. [PMID: 35806134 PMCID: PMC9267118 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23137130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), induce the expression of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) by activating the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) signaling pathway. In the present study, we found that cucurbitacin B decreased the expression of ICAM-1 in human lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells stimulated with TNF-α or interleukin-1α. We further investigated the mechanisms by which cucurbitacin B down-regulates TNF-α-induced ICAM-1 expression. Cucurbitacin B inhibited the nuclear translocation of the NF-κB subunit RelA and the phosphorylation of IκBα in A549 cells stimulated with TNF-α. Cucurbitacin B selectively down-regulated the expression of TNF receptor 1 (TNF-R1) without affecting three adaptor proteins (i.e., TRADD, RIPK1, and TRAF2). The TNF-α-converting enzyme inhibitor suppressed the down-regulation of TNF-R1 expression by cucurbitacin B. Glutathione, N-acetyl-L-cysteine, and, to a lesser extent, L-cysteine attenuated the inhibitory effects of cucurbitacin B on the TNF-α-induced expression of ICAM-1, suggesting that an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl moiety is essential for anti-inflammatory activity. The present results revealed that cucurbitacin B down-regulated the expression of TNF-R1 at the initial step in the TNF-α-dependent NF-κB signaling pathway.
Collapse
|
10
|
De Kesel J, Degroote E, Nkurunziza R, Singh RR, Demeestere K, De Kock K, Anggraini R, Matthys J, Wambacq E, Haesaert G, Debode J, Kyndt T. Cucurbitaceae COld Peeling Extracts (CCOPEs) Protect Plants From Root-Knot Nematode Infections Through Induced Resistance and Nematicidal Effects. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:785699. [PMID: 35154177 PMCID: PMC8826469 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.785699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
With nematicides progressively being banned due to their environmental impact, an urgent need for novel and sustainable control strategies has arisen. Stimulation of plant immunity, a phenomenon referred to as "induced resistance" (IR), is a promising option. In this study, Cucurbitaceae COld Peeling Extracts (CCOPEs) were shown to protect rice (Oryza sativa) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) against the root-knot nematodes Meloidogyne graminicola and Meloidogyne incognita, respectively. Focusing on CCOPE derived from peels of melon (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis; mCOPE), we unveiled that this extract combines an IR-triggering capacity with direct nematicidal effects. Under lab conditions, the observed resistance was comparable to the protection obtained by commercially available IR stimuli or nematicides. Via mRNA sequencing and confirmatory biochemical assays, it was proven that mCOPE-IR in rice is associated with systemic effects on ethylene accumulation, reactive oxygen species (ROS) metabolism and cell wall-related modifications. While no negative trade-offs were detected with respect to plant growth or plant susceptibility to necrotrophic pests or pathogens, additional infection experiments indicated that mCOPE may have a predominant activity toward biotrophs. In summary, the presented data illustrate a propitious potential for these extracts, which can be derived from agro-industrial waste streams.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jonas De Kesel
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Degroote
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Radisras Nkurunziza
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Richard Raj Singh
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Kristof Demeestere
- Department of Green Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Karen De Kock
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Riska Anggraini
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jasper Matthys
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Wambacq
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Geert Haesaert
- Department of Plants and Crops, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jane Debode
- Flanders Research Institute for Agriculture, Fisheries and Food (ILVO), Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - Tina Kyndt
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Improvement of Cucurbitacin B Content in Cucumis melo Pedicel Extracts by Biotransformation Using Recombinant β-Glucosidase. SEPARATIONS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/separations8090138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For the efficient biotransformation of cucurbitacin B 2-o-β-d-glucoside (CuBg) to cucurbitacin B (CuB) in Cucumis melo pedicel extracts, the β-glucosidase gene bglS—consisting of 1344 bp (447 amino acids) from Streptomyces sp. RW-2—was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3). The activity of recombinant β-glucosidase with p-nitrophenyl-β-d-glucoside (pNPG) as a substrate was 3.48 U/mL in a culture. Using the recombinant β-glucosidase for the biotransformation of C. melo pedicel extracts, CuBg was converted into CuB with a conversion rate of 87.6% when the concentration of CuBg was 0.973 g/L in a reaction mixtures. The concentration of CuB in C. melo pedicel extracts was improved from 13.6 to 20.2 g/L after biotransformation. The present study provides high-efficiency technology for the production of CuB from its glycoside by biotransformation.
Collapse
|
12
|
Hassan R, Mohi-Ud-Din R, Dar MO, Shah AJ, Mir PA, Shaikh M, Pottoo FH. Bioactive Heterocyclic Compounds as Potential Therapeutics in the Treatment of Gliomas: A Review. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 22:551-565. [PMID: 34488596 DOI: 10.2174/1871520621666210901112954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most alarming diseases, with an estimation of 9.6 million deaths in 2018. Glioma occurs in glial cells surrounding nerve cells. The majority of the patients with gliomas have a terminal prognosis, and the ailment has significant sway on patients and their families, be it physical, psychological, or economic wellbeing. As Glioma exhibits, both intra and inter tumour heterogeneity with multidrug resistance and current therapies are ineffective. So the development of safer anti gliomas agents is the need of hour. Bioactive heterocyclic compounds, eithernatural or synthetic,are of potential interest since they have been active against different targets with a wide range of biological activities, including anticancer activities. In addition, they can cross the biological barriers and thus interfere with various signalling pathways to induce cancer cell death. All these advantages make bioactive natural compounds prospective candidates in the management of glioma. In this review, we assessed various bioactive heterocyclic compounds, such as jaceosidin, hispudlin, luteolin, silibinin, cannabidiol, tetrahydrocannabinol, didemnin B, thymoquinone, paclitaxel, doxorubicin, and cucurbitacins for their potential anti-glioma activity. Also, different kinds of chemical reactions to obtain various heterocyclic derivatives, e.g. indole, indazole, benzimidazole, benzoquinone, quinoline, quinazoline, pyrimidine, and triazine, are listed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reyaz Hassan
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir. India
| | - Roohi Mohi-Ud-Din
- Pharmacognosy Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar, 190006, Kashmir. India
| | - Mohammad Ovais Dar
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Science and Research (NIPER), S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab-160062. India
| | - Abdul Jalil Shah
- Pharmaceutical Chemistry Division, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Kashmir, Hazratbal, Srinagar-190006, Kashmir. India
| | - Prince Ahad Mir
- Amritsar Pharmacy College, 12 KM stone Amritsar Jalandhar GT Road, Mandwala-143001. India
| | - Majeed Shaikh
- Natural Product Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu-180001. India
| | - Faheem Hyder Pottoo
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Clinical Pharmacy, Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, 31441, Dammam. Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Wahid S, Alqahtani A, Alam Khan R. Analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects and safety profile of Cucurbita maxima and Cucumis sativus seeds. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:4334-4341. [PMID: 34354417 PMCID: PMC8325025 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.04.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The premise of the pharmacology of natural product is to explore benefits of natural resources for the mankind. Medicines extracted from natural resources are considered as primary source for drug discovery. Thus, the current study was designed to evaluate the safety profile and explore the analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity of ethanol extract of Cucurbita maxima (C. maxima) and Cucumis sativus (C. sativus) seeds. These seeds are edible, good in taste and have been used for several therapeutic purposes. Acute toxicity of the seeds was evaluated by Lorke’s method while Eddy’s hot plate and tail immersion methods were used to assess analgesic activity in mice. Anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by rat hind paw edema method. The seed extracts of C. maxima and C. sativus were found to be safe and showed significant analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity in comparison with the control group. The therapeutic effects of these extracts were almost comparable to aspirin and brufen. Therefore, the seeds can be used as effective analgesic and anti-inflammatory agents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shahana Wahid
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan
| | - Ali Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, King Khalid University, Guraiger, Abha 62529, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rafeeq Alam Khan
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Karachi, Karachi 75270, Pakistan.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Ziauddin University, Clifton, Karachi 75600, Pakistan
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Tokgun O, Tokgun PE, Turel S, Inal B, Inci K, Tan S, Can Alvur O. Bryonia multiflora Extract Induces Autophagy via Regulating Long Non-coding RNAs in Breast Cancer Cells. Nutr Cancer 2021; 73:1792-1803. [PMID: 34024207 DOI: 10.1080/01635581.2021.1922717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Bryonia multiflora, one of the species of Bryonia L. (Cucurbitaceae) genus, is a perennial, dioecious, herbaceous plant with rhizome-shaped roots. Bryonia species have anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, cytotoxic, antioxidant, etc., activities and their components consume antitumoral effects. Purpose of the study to investigate the effect of Bryonia Multiflora extract (BMST) on breast cancer cells. Our results revealed that MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells underwent significant morphological changes leading to cell rounding. No significant changes were observed in the cell viability by MTT. Acridine orange staining of our cells gave rise to think that BMST might lead our cells to autophagy. Therefore, possible molecular mechanisms underlying morphological changes such as autophagy (LC-3B, Beclin, AMBRA1) and apoptosis (Bcl-2) were evaluated on mRNA and protein levels. BMST treated MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells had increased levels of autophagy markers whereas decreased levels of Bcl-2. p21 levels were also found to be increased in both cells. Analysis of lncRNA expressions has shown that BMST treatment led to changes in the expression levels of several lncRNAs playing roles in autophagy. The current study has shown that BMST induces autophagy in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells via regulating the lncRNAs revealing that BMST could be a promising therapeutic agent.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Onur Tokgun
- Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey.,Department of Cancer Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Pervin Elvan Tokgun
- Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Samet Turel
- Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Behcet Inal
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, Siirt University, Siirt, Turkey
| | - Kubilay Inci
- Department of Cancer Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Secil Tan
- Department of Cancer Molecular Biology, Institute of Medical Sciences, Pamukkale University, Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ozge Can Alvur
- Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Yuzuncu Yıl University, Van, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Pavithra K, Saravanan G. A Review on Phytochemistry, Pharmacological Action, Ethanobotanical Uses and Nutritional Potential of Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn. Cardiovasc Hematol Agents Med Chem 2021; 18:5-20. [PMID: 32048980 DOI: 10.2174/1871525718666200212095353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 12/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Nature is an amazing source for food, shelter, clothing and medicine. An impressive number of modern drugs are isolated from many sources like plants, animals and microbes. The development of natural products from traditional medicines is of great importance to society. Modern concepts and methodologies with abundant clinical studies, unique diversity of chemical structures and biological activities aid the modern drug discovery process. Kedrostis foetidissima (Jacq.) Cogn., a traditional medicinal plant of the Cucurbitaceae family, is found in India, Sri Lanka, Ethiopia and Western Malaysia. Almost all parts of the plant are used in traditional systems of medicines and reported having medicinal properties in both in vitro and in vivo studies. In the last few years, extensive research work had been carried out using extracts and isolated phytoconstituents from Kedrostis foetidissima to confirm its pharmacology and biological activities. Many scientific reports show that crude extracts and extensive numbers of phytochemical constituents isolated from Kedrostis foetidissima have activities like antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, gastroprotective, anti-inflammatory and various other important medicinal properties. The therapeutic properties of the plants are mainly attributed to the existence of phytoconstituents like phenols, alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, terpenoids and steroids. This comprehensive review in various aspects gave a brief overview of phytoconstituents, nutritional values and medicinal property of the plant and might attract the researchers to explore its medicinal activity by discovering novel biologically active compounds that can serve as a lead compound in pharmaceutical and food industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kalaiseziyen Pavithra
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu-637215, India
| | - Ganapathy Saravanan
- Centre for Biological Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Rangasamy College of Arts and Science (Autonomous), Tiruchengode, Namakkal District, Tamilnadu-637215, India
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang L, Ao Q, Zhong Q, Li W, Li W. SIRT1/IGFBPrP1/TGF β1 axis involved in cucurbitacin B ameliorating concanavalin A-induced mice liver fibrosis. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2020; 127:371-379. [PMID: 32452080 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.13446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The present study investigated the improving effect of cucurbitacin B on liver fibrosis induced by concanavalin A in mice and explored its possible mechanism. AST, ALT and TB were detected by kits. ELISA was performed to detect the levels of IL 5, IL 6, IL 13 and TNF-α in serum. Haematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining and Masson's trichrome staining were used to evaluate pathological changes. Western blotting was performed to observe expression levels of sirtuin (SIRT) 1, insulin-like growth factor binding protein-related protein 1 (IGFBPrP1) and TGF β1. The activity of SIRT 1 also was detected. Results showed that cucurbitacin B could effectively improve the abnormal liver function, inhibit liver fibrosis and suppress releases of inflammatory factors in mice induced by concanavalin A. Furthermore, cucurbitacin B could down-regulate the expressions of TGF β1 and IGFBPrP1, increase the expression and activity of SIRT 1. Interestingly, when SIRT1 activity was inhibited by EX 527, a selective inhibitor of SIRT 1, the preventive effect of cucurbitacin B was significantly attenuated. Taken together, the above results showed that cucurbitacin B could significantly suppress releases of inflammatory cytokines and improve liver fibrosis induced by concanavalin A in mice, and those may be achieved through SIRT1/IGFBPrP1/TGF β1 axis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Ninth Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Qinfang Ao
- Clinical Laboratory, The Ninth Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Qingmei Zhong
- Department of Pathology, The Ninth Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Wen Li
- Viral Hepatitis/Liver Failure Laboratory, The Ninth Hospital of Nanchang, Nanchang, China
| | - Wenhong Li
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, China
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Medicinal plants used by traditional medicine practitioners to boost the immune system in people living with HIV/AIDS in Uganda. Eur J Integr Med 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eujim.2019.101011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
|
18
|
Douhoré GYT, Attioua KB, Soro Y, Kabran FA, Kablan LCA, Vedrenne M, Mathieu C, Vaca-Garcia C. Nor-cucurbitacins from the leaves of Mareya micrantha (Benth.) Müll. Arg. (Euphorbiaceae). Fitoterapia 2020; 143:104538. [PMID: 32151637 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2020] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Mareya micrantha, an Ivoirian medicinal plant, was investigated for its chemical constituents and antioxidant properties. This study carried out on the hydroethanolic extract of the leaves led to three new nor-cucurbitacins named: 29-nor-1,2,3,4,5,10-dehydro-3,15α,20β-trihydroxy-16α-acetyl-11,22-dioxo-cucurbita-23-ene 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1), 29-nor-2β,20β,25-trihydroxy-16α-acetyl-3,11,22-trioxo-cucurbita-4,23-diene (2) and 29-nor-2β,15α,20β-trihydroxy-16α-acetyl-3,11,22-trioxo-cucurbita-4,23-diene 2-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (3). The structures were established on the basis of spectral data (NMR, UV, MS and IR). The antioxidant properties evaluated by DPPH and CUPRAC methods gave the best activity with compound 1. The chemotaxonomic significance of the isolation of these compounds in Mareya micrantha, a species belonging to the Euphorbiaceae family, is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gnaoré Yoh Toussaint Douhoré
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles (LCOSN), UFR-SSMT, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582, Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Koffi Barthélemy Attioua
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles (LCOSN), UFR-SSMT, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582, Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire.
| | - Yaya Soro
- Laboratoire des Procédés Industriels de Synthèse, de l'Environnement et des Energies Nouvelles (LAPISEN), INP-HB Yamoussoukro, BP 1093, Yamoussoukro, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Faustin Aka Kabran
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles (LCOSN), UFR-SSMT, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582, Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Landry Claude Ahmont Kablan
- Laboratoire de Chimie Organique et de Substances Naturelles (LCOSN), UFR-SSMT, Université Félix Houphouët-Boigny, 22 BP 582, Abidjan 22, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Marc Vedrenne
- Institut de Chimie de Toulouse ICT-FR2599, Université Paul Sabatier, CNRS, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse Cedex 9, France
| | - Céline Mathieu
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, 4 allée Emile Monso - BP 44362, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| | - Carlos Vaca-Garcia
- Laboratoire de Chimie Agro-industrielle (LCA), Université de Toulouse, INRA, INPT, 4 allée Emile Monso - BP 44362, 31030 Toulouse Cedex 4, France
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Cao H, Li X, Wang F, Zhang Y, Xiong Y, Yang Q. Phytochemical-Mediated Glioma Targeted Treatment: Drug Resistance and Novel Delivery Systems. Curr Med Chem 2020; 27:599-629. [PMID: 31400262 DOI: 10.2174/0929867326666190809221332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Glioma, especially its most malignant type, Glioblastoma (GBM), is the most common and the most aggressive malignant tumour in the central nervous system. Currently, we have no specific therapies that can significantly improve its dismal prognosis. Recent studies have reported promising in vitro experimental results of several novel glioma-targeting drugs; these studies are encouraging to both researchers and patients. However, clinical trials have revealed that novel compounds that focus on a single, clear glioma genetic alteration may not achieve a satisfactory outcome or have side effects that are unbearable. Based on this consensus, phytochemicals that exhibit multiple bioactivities have recently attracted much attention. Traditional Chinese medicine and traditional Indian medicine (Ayurveda) have shown that phytocompounds inhibit glioma angiogenesis, cancer stem cells and tumour proliferation; these results suggest a novel drug therapeutic strategy. However, single phytocompounds or their direct usage may not reverse comprehensive malignancy due to poor histological penetrability or relatively unsatisfactory in vivo efficiency. Recent research that has employed temozolomide combination treatment and Nanoparticles (NPs) with phytocompounds has revealed a powerful dual-target therapy and a high blood-brain barrier penetrability, which is accompanied by low side effects and strong specific targeting. This review is focused on major phytocompounds that have contributed to glioma-targeting treatment in recent years and their role in drug resistance inhibition, as well as novel drug delivery systems for clinical strategies. Lastly, we summarize a possible research strategy for the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hang Cao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xuejun Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Feiyifan Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yueqi Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yi Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Qi Yang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shahiduzzaman M, Ras R, Widmer G. Effect of Ginsenoside-Rh2 and Curcurbitacin-B on Cryptosporidium parvum in vitro. Exp Parasitol 2020; 212:107873. [PMID: 32165146 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2020.107873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
Ginsenoside-Rh2 and cucurbitacin-B (CuB) are secondary metabolites of Ginseng (Panax ginseng) and Cucurbitaceae plants respectively. We assessed the anticryptosporidial activity of these two functional compounds in a cell culture model of cryptosporidiosis. The highest concentration of each compound that was not toxic to the host cells was used to assess the activity against C. parvum during infection/invasion and growth in HCT-8 cell monolayers. Monolayers were infected with pre-excysted C. parvum oocysts. Infected monolayers were incubated at 37 °C for 24 h and 48 h in the presence of different concentrations of each test compound. A growth resumption assay was performed by incubating infected monolayers in the presence of compounds for 24 h followed by a second 24-h incubation in the absence of compound. To screen for invasion inhibiting activity, freshly excysted C. parvum sporozoites were pre-treated with different concentrations of compounds prior to adding them to the cell monolayers. Paromomycin, a known inhibitor of C. parvum, and DMSO were used as positive and negative control, respectively. The level of infection was initially assessed using an immunofluorescent assay and quantified by real-time PCR. Both compounds were found to strongly inhibit C. parvum intracellular development in a dose-dependent manner. IC50 values of 25 μM for a 24 h development period and 5.52 μM after 48 h development were measured for Rh2, whereas for CuB an IC50 value of 0.169 μg/ml and 0.118 μg/ml were obtained for the same incubation periods. CuB also effectively inhibited resumption of growth, an activity that was not observed with Rh2. CuB was more effective at inhibiting excystation and/or host cell invasion, indicating that this compound also targets extracellular stages of the parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Md Shahiduzzaman
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA; Department of Parasitology, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - Refaat Ras
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA; Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Giovanni Widmer
- Department of Infectious Disease and Global Health, Cummings School of Veterinary Medicine at Tufts University, North Grafton, MA, 01536, USA
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Hussain H, Green IR, Saleem M, Khattak KF, Irshad M, Ali M. Cucurbitacins as Anticancer Agents: A Patent Review. Recent Pat Anticancer Drug Discov 2020; 14:133-143. [PMID: 30451116 DOI: 10.2174/1574892813666181119123035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Revised: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cucurbitacins belong to a group of tetracyclic triterpenoids that display a wide range of biological effects. In the past, numerous cucurbitacins have been isolated from natural sources and many active compounds have been synthesized using the privileged scaffold in order to enhance its cytotoxic effects. OBJECTIVE This review covers patents on the therapeutic effects of natural cucurbitacins and their synthetic analogs published during the past decade. By far, the majority of patents published are related to cancer and Structure-Activity Relationships (SAR) of these compounds are included to lend gravitas to this important class of natural products. METHODS The date about the published patents was downloaded via online open access patent databases. RESULTS Cucurbitacins display significant cytotoxic properties, in particular cucurbitacins B and D which possess very potent effects towards a number of cancer cells. Numerous cucurbitacins isolated from natural sources have been derivatized through chemical modification at the C(2)-OH and C(25)- OH groups. Most importantly, an acyl ester of the C(25)-OH and, iso-propyl, n-propyl and ethyl ether groups of the C(2)-OH demonstrated the most increased cytotoxic activity. CONCLUSION The significant cytotoxic effects of natural and semi-synthetic cucurbitacins make them attractive as new drug candidates. Moreover, cucurbitacins have the capability to form conjugates with other anticancer drugs which will synergistically enhance their anticancer effects. The authors believe that in order to get lead compounds, there should be a greater focus on the synthesis of homodimers, heterodimers, and halo derivatives of cucurbitacins. In the opinion of the authors the analysis of the published patents on the cucurbitacins indicates that these compounds can be developed into a regimen to treat a wide spectrum of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hidayat Hussain
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Weinberg 3, D-06120 Halle (Salle), Germany
| | - Ivan R Green
- Department of Chemistry and Polymer Science, University of Stellenbosch, Private Bag X1, Matieland, Stellenbosch 7600, South Africa
| | - Muhammad Saleem
- Department of Chemistry, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100 Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | | | - Muhammad Irshad
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kotli, Azad Jammu & Kashmir, Pakistan
| | - Maroof Ali
- College of Life Science, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Chemical Compositions and Anti-Proliferative Activity of the Aerial Parts and Rhizomes of Squirting Cucumber, Cucurbitaceae. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2019. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.82990] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
|
23
|
Wang W, Sun B, Hu P, Zhou M, Sun S, Du P, Ru Y, Suvorov A, Li Y, Liu Y, Wang S. Comparison of Differential Flavor Metabolites in Meat of Lubei White Goat, Jining Gray Goat and Boer Goat. Metabolites 2019; 9:metabo9090176. [PMID: 31491957 PMCID: PMC6780226 DOI: 10.3390/metabo9090176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flavor is one of the most important sensory characteristics of meat. The development of taste and aroma can be attributed to thousands of flavor molecules and precursors that are present in meat tissues. As a result, the identification of these flavor compounds and an improved understanding of their roles are necessary for improving the sensory quality and customer appeal of meat products. In the current study, we compared the metabolic profiles of meat specimens from the Lubei white goats (LBB), Boer goats (BE) and Jining grey goats (JNQ) by untargeted liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. Our metabolomic data revealed that the three types of goat meat showed significantly different profiles of fatty acids, aldehydes, ketones, lactones, alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolics and drug residues, which could underpin the nuances of their flavors. Taken together, our results provided insights into the molecular basis for sensory variations between different goat meat products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 Gongye North Road, Jinan 250100, China.
- Jiangsu Uniwell Biotechnology Co. Ltd., No. 16 Yulan Avenue, Xuyi County Economic Development Zone, Xucheng 211700, China.
| | - Bei Sun
- Jiangsu Provincial Xuzhou Pharmaceutical Vocational college, Xuefu Road, Tongshan District, Xuzhou 221116, China.
| | - Peng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 Gongye North Road, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Meng Zhou
- Jinan Animal Product Quality and Safety Monitoring Center, No. 12 Wanshou Road, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Sujun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 Gongye North Road, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Pengfei Du
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 Gongye North Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yi Ru
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 Gongye North Road, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Alexander Suvorov
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 Gongye North Road, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 Gongye North Road, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Yaobo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 Gongye North Road, Jinan 250100, China.
| | - Shoujing Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Products Processing Technology of Shandong Province/Key Laboratory of Novel Food Resources Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Agro-Food Science and Technology, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 202 Gongye North Road, Jinan 250100, China.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Hunsakunachai N, Nuengchamnong N, Jiratchariyakul W, Kummalue T, Khemawoot P. Pharmacokinetics of cucurbitacin B from Trichosanthes cucumerina L. in rats. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:157. [PMID: 31272429 PMCID: PMC6609384 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2568-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cucurbitacin B is the major bioactive constituent in Trichosanthes cucumerina L. fruits, which the pharmacological properties have been studied for decades particularly an anti-tumor activity. The pharmacokinetic profile of this compound is still limited and investigation is needed for further phytopharmaceutical product development. This study aimed to investigate the pharmacokinetic profile of cucurbitacin B after administering the compound at different doses and routes to rats. METHODS Male Wistar rats (n = 6) were treated by cucurbitacin B extracted from Trichosanthes cucumerina L. The cucurbitacin B was administered at 0.1 mg/kg intravenously or by oral gavage at 2-4 mg/kg. Blood samples and internal organs were collected serially within 24 h after administration. Urine and feces were collected from time 0 to 48 h. The level of cucurbitacin B in biological samples was determined by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RESULTS The absolute oral bioavailability of cucurbitacin B was approximately 10%. The maximum concentration in plasma after normalization by dose ranged from 4.85-7.81 μg/L and the time to reach maximum value was approximately within 30 min after oral dosing. The level of cucurbitacin B in plasma increased proportionally to the given dose. After intravenous administration, cucurbitacin B had a large volume of distribution of about 51.65 L/kg and exhibited a high tissue to plasma concentration ratio, approximately 60 to 280-fold in several organs. Negligible amount of unchanged cucurbitacin B could be detected in urine and feces and accounted less than 1% of administered dose. CONCLUSION Cucurbitacin B had low oral bioavailability, but could be distributed extensively into internal organs with a high volume of distribution and tissue to plasma ratio. Only negligible amounts of unchanged cucurbitacin B were excreted via urine and feces suggesting that the compound might be biotransformed before undergoing an excretion. Further studies of the metabolic pathway and tissue uptake mechanism are required to strategize the future development of cucurbitacin B into clinical studies.
Collapse
|
25
|
Kujawska M, Svanberg I. From medicinal plant to noxious weed: Bryonia alba L. (Cucurbitaceae) in northern and eastern Europe. JOURNAL OF ETHNOBIOLOGY AND ETHNOMEDICINE 2019; 15:22. [PMID: 31072383 PMCID: PMC6509761 DOI: 10.1186/s13002-019-0303-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION White bryony, Bryonia alba L., is a relatively little known plant in the history of folk medicine and folk botany in eastern and northern Europe. The main aim of this article is to bring together data about Bryonia alba and to summarise its cultural history and folk botanical importance in eastern and northern Europe. Nowadays, this species is considered at best as an ornamental plant, and at worst as a noxious weed. However, ethnographic and historical sources show that it used to be of magical, medicinal and ritual importance in our part of Europe. METHODS A diachronic perspective was chosen in order to outline and analyse the devolution and changes in the use of B. alba, in the course of which we take into account the social, ecological and chemical aspects of the usage of this plant. We have therefore traced down and analysed published sources such as ethnographical descriptions, floras, linguistic records and topographical descriptions from northern and central-eastern Europe, particularly Scandinavia, Baltic States, Germany, Poland, Belarus, Ukraine and the Balkan Peninsula. The analysed material is presented and discussed within the biocultural domains that developed in the interaction between human societies and Bryonia alba. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Bryonia alba has many folk names in northern and central-eastern parts of Europe: some of them refer to its medicinal properties, life form, odour, or toxicity; others to its possession by the devil. As we learn, Bryonia alba was an inexpensive surrogate for mandrake (Mandragora officinarum L.) and sold as such in the discussed parts of Europe. The folklore and medicinal properties ascribed to mandrake were passed on to white bryony due to an apparent resemblance of the roots. In ethnographic descriptions, we find a mixture of booklore, i.e. written traditions, and oral traditions concerning this species. Some of this folklore must have been an alternative stories spread by swindlers who wished to sell fake mandrake roots to people. CONCLUSIONS Plant monographs and reviews of particular species tend to concentrate on the botanicals, which might have great useful potential. White bryony presents a precisely opposite example, being a plant that used to be of medicinal relevance and was furnished with symbolical meaning, and has nowadays preserved only its ornamental value among some urban and rural dwellers of northern Europe. Nonetheless, it might be considered as a part of the biocultural heritage in old, well-preserved gardens. It is still used as a medicine in some parts of the Balkan Peninsula.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monika Kujawska
- Institute of Ethnology and Cultural Anthropology, University of Łódź, Lindleya 3/5, 90-131 Łódź, Poland
| | - Ingvar Svanberg
- Institute for Russian and Eurasian Studies, Uppsala University, Box 514, 754 22 Uppsala, Sweden
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Chanda J, Biswas S, Kar A, Mukherjee PK. Determination of cucurbitacin E in some selected herbs of ayurvedic importance through RP-HPLC. J Ayurveda Integr Med 2019; 11:287-293. [PMID: 30981623 PMCID: PMC7527799 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaim.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 09/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The consumption of the fruits of cucurbitaceae plants is widely popular among Indians due to their various nutritional and medicinal purposes. Some of these plants are well reported in Ayurveda due to their potential therapeutic importance. In particular, the plants of this family are well-characterized by the presence of its bitter principle, Cucurbitacin E which differs within the species due to its genetic variations. Objectives The objective of the study was to develop a validated RP-HPLC method for standardization in some widely consumed cucurbits with cucurbitacin E as a marker compound. Materials and methods The RP-HPLC method was developed with a reverse phase C18 column, using acetonitrile and water (1% glacial acetic acid) as mobile phase (70:30 v/v). The flow rate and λmax were optimized at 1 mL/min and 230 nm respectively. The HPLC method was validated in terms of accuracy, specificity, sensitivity, and repeatability as per ICH guideline. Results The calibration curve was found linear in the concentration range of 1–100 μg/mL. The % RSD of precision and recovery was found to be <2%, which confirms high repeatability of the method. The results indicated that the content of cucurbitacin E was highest (0.0663% w/w) in Cucurbita pepo whereas Lagenaria siceraria contains the lowest (0.0356% w/w). Conclusion The study was able to explore the variation of cucurbitacin E content in some selected food plants of Cucurbitaceae family. The applicability of the method can be established in nutraceutical industry for the effective quality control of cucurbits for safe human consumption.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Joydeb Chanda
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Sayan Biswas
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Amit Kar
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, India
| | - Pulok K Mukherjee
- School of Natural Product Studies, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, 700 032, India.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhu N, Sun Z, Hu M, Li Y, Zhang D, Wu H, Tian Y, Li P, Yang J, Ma G, Xu X. Cucurbitane-type triterpenes from the tubers of Hemsleya penxianensis and their bioactive activity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2018; 147:49-56. [PMID: 29287258 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2017.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2017] [Revised: 11/13/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The tubers of the medicinal plant Hemsleya penxianensis (Cucurbitaceae) yielded 11 cucurbitane-type triterpenes Xuedanencins A-K by silica gel column, ODS column, and pre-HPLC techniques. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analysis and examined alongside existing data from prior studies. Separated compounds were evaluated for cytotoxic activity against the Hela human cancer cell line and compounds 7 and 8 showed significant cytotoxicity with IC50 values at 1.82 and 2.45 μM, respectively.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nailiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Zhonghao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Meigeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yedan Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China; Center of Research and Development on Life Sciences and Environment Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin, 150076, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou, 213001, China
| | - Haifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu Tian
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Pengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Junshan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Guoxu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| | - Xudong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Beijing Key Laboratory of Innovative Drug Discovery of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Natural Medicine) and Translational Medicine; Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100193, China.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Garg S, Kaul SC, Wadhwa R. Cucurbitacin B and cancer intervention: Chemistry, biology and mechanisms (Review). Int J Oncol 2017; 52:19-37. [PMID: 29138804 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2017.4203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most important healthcare matters, with the worst prognosis but the best possibilities for scientific development. It is likely to increase in the future and cause global havoc designating it as an epidemic. Cancer development requires urgent intervention. Past few decades have witnessed extensive research to challenge carcinogenesis. Treatment involving synthetic discipline is often associated with severe adverse effects, or even worsened prognosis. Accordingly, newer economic and patient friendly molecules are warranted. Many natural substances have proved their potential so far. Cucurbitacin B against cancer and other diseases has achieved towering popularity among the researchers around the world, as detailed in the below sections with summarized tables. In line with the fascinating role of cucurbitacin B against various types of cancers, through various molecular signaling pathways, it is justifiable to propose cucurbitacin B as a mainline chemotherapy before the onset and after the diagnosis of cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sukant Garg
- Drug Discovery and Assets Innovation Lab, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Sunil C Kaul
- Drug Discovery and Assets Innovation Lab, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| | - Renu Wadhwa
- Drug Discovery and Assets Innovation Lab, DBT-AIST International Laboratory for Advanced Biomedicine (DAILAB), National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba 305-8565, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fiori GML, D’Agate S, Rocha A, Pereira AMS, Della Pasqua O, Lopes NP. Development and validation of a quantification method for cucurbitacins E and I in rat plasma: Application to population pharmacokinetic studies. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2017; 144:99-105. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2017.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
|
30
|
Martínez-Valdivieso D, Font R, Fernández-Bedmar Z, Merinas-Amo T, Gómez P, Alonso-Moraga Á, Del Río-Celestino M. Role of Zucchini and Its Distinctive Components in the Modulation of Degenerative Processes: Genotoxicity, Anti-Genotoxicity, Cytotoxicity and Apoptotic Effects. Nutrients 2017; 9:E755. [PMID: 28708122 PMCID: PMC5537869 DOI: 10.3390/nu9070755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Zucchini (Cucurbita pepo subsp. pepo) is a seasonal vegetable with high nutritional and medical values. Many useful properties of this fruit are attributed to bioactive compounds. Zucchini fruits ("Yellow" and "Light Green" varieties) and four distinctive components (lutein, β-carotene, zeaxanthin and dehydroascorbic acid) were selected. Firstly, the lutein, β-carotene, zeaxanthin and dehydroascorbic acid contents were determined in these fruits. Then, in order to evaluate the safety and suitability of their use, different assays were carried out: (i) genotoxicity and anti-genotoxicity tests to determine the safety and DNA-protection against hydrogen peroxide; (ii) cytotoxicity; and (iii) DNA fragmentation and Annexin V/PI (Propidium Iodide) assays to evaluate the pro-apoptotic effect. Results showed that: (i) all the substances were non-genotoxic; (ii) all the substances were anti-genotoxic except the highest concentration of lutein; (iii) "Yellow" zucchini epicarp and mesocarp exhibited the highest cytotoxic activity (IC50 > 0.1 mg/mL and 0.2 mg/mL, respectively); and (iv) "Light Green" zucchini skin induced internucleosomal DNA fragmentation, β-carotene being the possible molecule responsible for its pro-apoptotic activity. To sum up, zucchini fruit could play a positive role in human health and nutrition due to this fruit and its components were safe, able to inhibit significantly the H₂O₂-induced damage and exhibit anti-proliferative and pro-apoptotic activities toward HL60 (human promyelocytic leukemia cells) tumor cells. The information generated from this research should be considered when selecting potential accessions for breeding program purposes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damián Martínez-Valdivieso
- Department of Genomics and Biotechnology, IFAPA (Andalusian Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Fisheries, Food and Ecological Production) Center La Mojonera, Camino San Nicolás, 1 La Mojonera, 04745 Almería, Spain.
| | - Rafael Font
- Department of Food and Health, IFAPA Center La Mojonera Camino San Nicolás, 1 La Mojonera, 04745 Almería, Spain.
| | - Zahira Fernández-Bedmar
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Gregor Mendel Building, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Tania Merinas-Amo
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Gregor Mendel Building, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Pedro Gómez
- Department of Genomics and Biotechnology, IFAPA (Andalusian Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Fisheries, Food and Ecological Production) Center La Mojonera, Camino San Nicolás, 1 La Mojonera, 04745 Almería, Spain.
| | - Ángeles Alonso-Moraga
- Department of Genetics, University of Córdoba, Campus Rabanales, Gregor Mendel Building, 14071 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Del Río-Celestino
- Department of Genomics and Biotechnology, IFAPA (Andalusian Institute of Agricultural Research and Training, Fisheries, Food and Ecological Production) Center La Mojonera, Camino San Nicolás, 1 La Mojonera, 04745 Almería, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Li P, Zhu N, Hu M, Wu H, Yu T, Wu T, Zhang D, Sun Z, Yang J, Ma G, Xu X. New cucurbitane triterpenoids with cytotoxic activities from Hemsleya penxianensis. Fitoterapia 2017. [PMID: 28625732 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2017.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Seven new cucurbitane triterpenoids, Pengxianencins A-G (1-7) including one alkaloid, were isolated from the ethanol extract of the tubers of Hemsleya penxianensis. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of extensive spectroscopic data, including 1D and 2D NMR spectra as well as HR-ESI-MS. The evaluation of inhibition activity against human Hela, MCF-7, and A-549 cell lines showed that compounds 1, 4, 6, 7 have different levels of cytotoxic activities, with IC50 values ranging from 1.67 to 45.28μM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Li
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Nailiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Meigeng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Haifeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Tongyu Wu
- Center of Research and Development on Life Sciences and Environment Sciences, Harbin University of Commerce, Harbin 150076, China
| | - Dawei Zhang
- Institute of Bioinformatics and Medical Engineering, School of Electrical and Information Engineering, Jiangsu University of Technology, Changzhou 213001, China
| | - Zhonghao Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Junshan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China
| | - Guoxu Ma
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xudong Xu
- Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Resource Utilization of Chinese Herbal Medicine, Ministry of Education, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Wang X, Tanaka M, Peixoto HS, Wink M. Cucurbitacins: elucidation of their interactions with the cytoskeleton. PeerJ 2017; 5:e3357. [PMID: 28584704 PMCID: PMC5452965 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.3357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacins, a class of toxic tetracyclic triterpenoids in Cucurbitaceae, modulate many molecular targets. Here we investigated the interactions of cucurbitacin B, E and I with cytoskeletal proteins such as microtubule and actin filaments. The effects of cucurbitacin B, E and I on microtubules and actin filaments were studied in living cells (Hela and U2OS) and in vitro using GFP markers, immunofluorescence staining and in vitro tubulin polymerization assay. Cucurbitacin B, E and I apparently affected microtubule structures in living cells and cucurbitacin E inhibited tubulin polymerization in vitro with IC50 value of 566.91 ± 113.5 µM. Cucurbitacin E did not affect the nucleation but inhibited the growth phase and steady state during microtubule assembly in vitro. In addition, cucurbitacin B, E and I all altered mitotic spindles and induced the cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase. Moreover, they all showed potent effects on actin cytoskeleton by affecting actin filaments through the depolymerization and aggregation. The interactions of cucubitacin B, E and I with microtubules and actin filaments present new insights into their modes of action.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Mine Tanaka
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Herbenya Silva Peixoto
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Michael Wink
- Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, Ruprecht-Karls-Universität Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Seki K. Leaf-morphology-assisted selection for resistance to two-spotted spider mite Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae) in carnations (Dianthus caryophyllus L). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2016; 72:1926-1933. [PMID: 26800028 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/09/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The development of a cultivar resistant to the two-spotted spider mite has provided both ecological and economic benefits to the production of cut flowers. This study aimed to clarify the mechanism of resistance to mites using an inbred population of carnations. RESULTS In the resistant and susceptible plants selected from an inbred population, a difference was recognised in the thickness of the abaxial palisade tissue by microscopic examination of the damaged leaf. Therefore, it was assumed that mites displayed feeding preferences within the internal leaf structure of the carnation leaf. The suitability of the host plant for mites was investigated using several cultivars selected using an index of the thickness from the abaxial leaf surface to the spongy tissue. The results suggested that the cultivar associated with a thicker abaxial tissue lowered the intrinsic rate of natural increase of the mites. The cultivars with a thicker abaxial tissue of over 120 µm showed slight damage in the field test. CONCLUSION The ability of mites to feed on the spongy tissue during an early life stage from hatching to adult emergence was critical. It was possible to select a cultivar that is resistant to mites under a real cultivation environment by observing the internal structure of the leaf. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Seki
- Nagano Vegetable and Ornamental Crops Experiment Station, Tokoo, Souga, Shiojiri, Nagano, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Firdhouse MJ, Lalitha P. Flower-shaped gold nanoparticles synthesized using Kedrostis foetidissima and their antiproliferative activity against bone cancer cell lines. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INDUSTRIAL CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40090-016-0098-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
|
35
|
Abstract
Terpenoids are a very prominent class of natural compounds produced in diverse genera of plants, fungi, algae and sponges. They gained significant pharmaceutical value since prehistoric times, due to their broad spectrum of medical applications. The fragrant leaves of Eucalyptus trees are a rich source of terpenoids. Therefore this review starts by summarizing the main terpenoid compounds present in Eucalyptus globulus, E. citriodora, E. radiata and E. resinifera and describing their biosynthetic pathways. Of the enormous number of pharmaceutically important terpenoids, this paper also reviews some well established and recently discovered examples and discusses their medical applications. In this context, the synthetic processes for (–)-menthol, (–)- cis-carveol, (+)-artemisinine, (+)-merrilactone A and (–)-sclareol are presented. The tricyclic sesquiterpene (–)-englerin A isolated from the stem bark of the Phyllanthus engleri plant ( Euphorbiaceae) is highly active against certain renal cancer cell lines. In addition, recent studies showed that englerin A is also a potent and selective activator of TRPC4 and TRPC5 calcium channels. These important findings were the motivation for several renowned research labs to achieve a total synthesis of (–)-englerin A. Two prominent examples – Christmann and Metz – are compared and discussed in detail.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rolf Jaeger
- Formerly Institute of Organic Chemistry, Kiel University, Otto-Hahn-Platz, 24098 Kiel, Germany
| | - Eckehard Cuny
- Clemens-Schöpf-Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Darmstadt Technical University, Alarich-Weiss-Straße 4, 64287 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Ethanol enhances cucurbitacin B-induced apoptosis by inhibiting cucurbitacin B-induced autophagy in LO2 hepatocytes. Mol Cell Toxicol 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-016-0005-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
|
37
|
Cai Y, Fang X, He C, Li P, Xiao F, Wang Y, Chen M. Cucurbitacins: A Systematic Review of the Phytochemistry and Anticancer Activity. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CHINESE MEDICINE 2015; 43:1331-50. [PMID: 26503558 DOI: 10.1142/s0192415x15500755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbitacins are highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids that are widely present in traditional Chinese medicines (Cucurbitaceae family), possess strong anticancer activity, and are divided into 12 classes from A to T with over 200 derivatives. The eight most active cucurbitacin components against cancer are cucurbitacin B, D, E, I, IIa, L glucoside, Q, and R. Their mechanisms of action include antiproliferation, inhibition of migration and invasion, proapoptosis, and cell cycle arrest promotion. Cucurbitacins are also found to be the inhibitors of JAK-STAT3, Wnt, PI3K/Akt, and MAPK signaling pathways, which play important roles in the apoptosis and survival of cancer cells. Recently, new studies have discovered synergistic anticancer effects by using cucurbitacins together with clinically approved chemotherapeutic drugs, such as docetaxel and methotrexate. This paper provides a summary of recent research progress on the anticancer property of cucurbitacins and the various intracellular signaling pathways involved in the regulation of cancer cell proliferation, death, invasion, and migration. Therefore, cucurbitacins are a class of promising anticancer drugs to be used alone or be intergraded in current chemotherapies and radiotherapies to treat many types of cancers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuee Cai
- * State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Xiefan Fang
- † Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Chengwei He
- * State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Peng Li
- * State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Fei Xiao
- * State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P.R. China.,‡ Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, P.R. China
| | - Yitao Wang
- * State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| | - Meiwan Chen
- * State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau 999078, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Holstein N. Monograph of Coccinia (Cucurbitaceae). PHYTOKEYS 2015; 54:1-166. [PMID: 26312043 PMCID: PMC4547038 DOI: 10.3897/phytokeys.54.3285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2012] [Accepted: 09/23/2014] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
This monograph deals with all 95 names described in the Cucurbitaceae genus Coccinia and recognizes 25 species. Taxonomic novelties are Cocciniaadoensisvar.aurantiaca (C.Jeffrey) Holstein, stat. nov., Cocciniasessilifoliavar.variifolia (A.Meeuse) Holstein, stat. nov., and Cocciniaadoensisvar.jeffreyana Holstein, var. nov. For the 25 species 3157 collections were examined, of which 2024 were georeferenced to produce distribution maps. All species are distributed in sub-Saharan Africa with one species, Cocciniagrandis, extending from Senegal in West Africa east to Indonesia and being naturalized on Pacific Islands, in Australia, the Caribbean, and South America. Coccinia species are dioecious creepers or climbers with simple or bifid tendrils that occupy a range of habitats from arid scrubland, woodlands to lowland rainforest and mist forest. The corolla of Coccinia species is sympetalous, usually pale yellow to orange, and 1 to 4.5 cm long. Pollination is by bees foraging for pollen or nectar. After pollination, the developing ovary often exhibits longitudinal mottling, which usually disappears during maturation. All species produce berries with a pericarp in reddish colors (orange-red through to scarlet red), hence the generic name. The globose to cylindrical fruits contain numerous grayish-beige flat to lenticular seeds. Chromosome numbers are 2n = 20, 24, and 22 + XX/XY. Many Coccinia species are used for food, either as roasted tubers, greens as spinach, or the fruits as vegetables. Medicinal value is established in Cocciniagrandis, of which leaves and sap are used against diabetes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Norbert Holstein
- Nees-Institute for Biodiversity of Plants, Meckenheimer Allee 170, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Glassner H, Zchori-Fein E, Compant S, Sessitsch A, Katzir N, Portnoy V, Yaron S. Characterization of endophytic bacteria from cucurbit fruits with potential benefits to agriculture in melons (Cucumis melo L.). FEMS Microbiol Ecol 2015; 91:fiv074. [PMID: 26183916 DOI: 10.1093/femsec/fiv074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Endophytes are microorganisms that mainly colonize vegetative parts, but are also found in reproductive and disseminating organs, and may have beneficial characteristics. To identify microorganisms associated with the agriculturally important family, Cucurbitaceae, endophytes were initially determined in fruits of Cucumis melo Reticulatus Group 'Dulce' by a cultivation-independent approach based on fluorescence in situ hybridization using double labeling of oligonucleotide probes. Alpha-, Beta-, Gammaproteobacteria, Firmicutes and Actinobacteria were localized inside the fruits. Culturable bacteria were further isolated and identified from fruit tissues of 'Dulce', from fruits of other cultivated and wild-field-grown Cucurbitaceae, and from wild fruits growing under natural conditions. Low densities of culturable bacteria were detected in the investigated fruits, especially in four out of the five wild species, regardless of their growing environment. Substantial differences were observed between the wild and cultivated cucurbit taxa in regard to the number of colonized fruits as well as the type of endophytes. Bacillus was the most dominant genus of endophytes colonizing fruits of Cucurbitaceae. The antagonistic effects of isolated endophytes were assessed against cucurbit disease agents in dual-culture assays. Several bacterial isolates exhibited antagonistic properties against the tested plant pathogens. The identified bacteria may be useful for protecting plants not only in the field, but also for post-harvest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hanoch Glassner
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel ARO, Dept. of Entomology, Newe Ya'ar Research Center 30095, Israel
| | | | - Stéphane Compant
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Department of Health & Environment, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, A-3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Angela Sessitsch
- AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Department of Health & Environment, Bioresources Unit, Konrad-Lorenz-Strasse 24, A-3430, Tulln, Austria
| | - Nurit Katzir
- ARO, Agricultural Research Organization, Dept. of Vegetable Crops, Newe Ya'ar Research Center 30095, Israel
| | - Vitaly Portnoy
- ARO, Agricultural Research Organization, Dept. of Vegetable Crops, Newe Ya'ar Research Center 30095, Israel
| | - Sima Yaron
- Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Verma A, Jaiswal S. Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) juice poisoning. World J Emerg Med 2015; 6:308-9. [PMID: 26693268 PMCID: PMC4677076 DOI: 10.5847/wjem.j.1920-8642.2015.04.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bottle gourd (Lagenaria siceraria) is popularly known as lauki, ghia or dudhi in India. Its consumption is advocated by traditional medicine healers for controlling diabetes mellitus, hypertension, liver diseases, weight loss and other diseases. However, in last few years there have been reports of suspected toxicity due to consumption of its juice leading to severe vomiting and upper gastrointestinal bleeding. As emergency physicians we need to be aware of this very rare poisoning specially in India. METHODS We present a case of a 52-year-old woman who presented with multiple episodes of hematemesis and shock to the emergency department (ED) after consuming bottle gourd juice. The patient was resuscitated and stabilized with fluids, proton pump inhibitors and antiemetics and shifted to the intensive care unit (ICU) under the care of a gastroenterology team for urgent endoscopy and further management. RESULTS The patient received intravenous fluids, antibiotics, antiemetics, and antacids and underwent upper gastroenterologic endoscopy during the hospitalization. She was discharged in a stable condition 4 days later. CONCLUSIONS As a member of the Cucurbitaceae family, bottle gourd contains toxic tetracyclic triterpenoid compounds called cucurbitacins which are responsible for the bitter taste and toxicity. There is no known antidote for this toxicity, and clinicians treat such patients symptomatically only. It is important to educate the public about the harmful effects of this potentially life-threatening toxicity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankur Verma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Paras Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana 122002, India
| | - Sanjay Jaiswal
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Paras Hospital, Gurgaon, Haryana 122002, India
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Morotti AL, Lang KL, Carvalho I, Schenkel EP, Bernardes LS. Semi-Synthesis of new glycosidic triazole derivatives of dihydrocucurbitacin B. Tetrahedron Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2014.11.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
42
|
|
43
|
Lang KL, Silva IT, Machado VR, Zimmermann LA, Caro MS, Simões CM, Schenkel EP, Durán FJ, Bernardes LS, de Melo EB. Multivariate SAR and QSAR of cucurbitacin derivatives as cytotoxic compounds in a human lung adenocarcinoma cell line. J Mol Graph Model 2014; 48:70-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmgm.2013.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Revised: 11/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/03/2013] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
|
44
|
Bhattacharya S, Haldar PK. The triterpenoid fraction from Trichosanthes dioica root suppresses experimentally induced inflammatory ascites in rats. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2013; 51:1477-1479. [PMID: 23855777 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2013.795176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Trichosanthes dioica Roxb. (Cucurbitaceae), called pointed gourd in English, is a dioecious climber found wild throughout the plains of the Indian subcontinent and traditionally used in India for several medicinal purposes. OBJECTIVE The present study evaluated the protective effect of the triterpenoid enriched fraction from T. dioica root (CETD) against experimentally induced acute inflammatory ascites in Wistar albino rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS The CETD was administered orally at the different doses (25, 50 and 100 mg/kg body weight) to overnight fasted rats, and then ascites was induced by intraperitoneal administration of formalin solution. After 7 h, the rats were sacrificed and the volume of ascitic fluid was measured. RESULTS The CETD demonstrated significant (p < 0.01) reduction of ascitic fluid formation in a dose-dependent manner as compared with control. CONCLUSION The CETD produced significant and dose-dependent inhibition of experimentally induced inflammatory ascites in Wistar albino rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sanjib Bhattacharya
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Bengal School of Technology, A College of Pharmacy , Sugandha, Hooghly 712102, West Bengal , India and
| | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
Lang KL, Deagosto E, Zimmermann LA, Machado VR, Campos Bernardes LS, Schenkel EP, Duran FJ, Palermo J, Rossini C. Chemical modification produces species-specific changes in cucurbitacin antifeedant effect. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2013; 61:5534-5539. [PMID: 23646892 DOI: 10.1021/jf4002457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbitacins are secondary metabolites that mediate insect plant interactions not only as allomones against generalists but also as kairomones for specialist herbivores. This study was undertaken to identify the potential of cucurbitacin derivatives as insect antifeedant agents. The antifeedant capacity against a Cucurbitaceae specialist [ Epilachna paenulata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae)] and a polyphagous insect [ Pseudaletia adultera (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] was evaluated in preference tests in which the insects were given a choice between food plants either treated with the cucurbitacin derivatives or treated with the solvent. The activity was found not to be related to the basic cucurbitacin skeleton, as only 15 of the 28 tested cucurbitacin derivatives were active. Only one of the tested compounds was phagostimulant to the specialist insect (the hemissuccinate of 16-oxo-dihydrocucurbitacin B derivative), while all other active derivatives were deterrent against one of the insects (13 compounds) or both of them (3 compounds). Changes in ring A of the cucurbitacins, as well as in the side chain, modified the activity. As a general trend, when chemical modifications of the basic structure produced a change in activity, the response was opposite in both insects used as biodetectors, indicating that a selective variation in the activity may be achieved by chemical modifications of the cucurbitacin skeleton.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Karen Luise Lang
- Laboratório de Química Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, Santa Catarina-Brasil CEP, 88040-900 Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Wu W, Liang XL, Zhao HY, Xu TT, Liu XD. Special plant species determines diet breadth of phytophagous insects: a study on host plant expansion of the host-specialized Aphis gossypii Glover. PLoS One 2013; 8:e60832. [PMID: 23580128 PMCID: PMC3620328 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0060832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Host specialization is a ubiquitous character of phytophagous insects. The polyphagous population is usually composed of some subpopulations that can use only a few closely related plants. Cotton-melon aphids, Aphis gossypii Glover exhibited strong host specialization, and the cotton- and cucurbits-specialized biotypes had been clearly identified. However, the experimental work that addressed the roles of plant species in determining diet breadth of phytophagous insects is rare. In the present study, we took the artificial host transfer method to assess the role of two special plants, zucchini Cucurbita zucchini L. and cowpea Vigna unguiculata (Linn.) Walp, in regulating diet breadth of cotton- and cucurbits-specialized A. gossypii collected from cotton and cucumber fields and reared separately on the native host plant for ten years. The results showed that the cotton-specialized aphids did not directly use cucumber whereas the cucurbits-specialized did not use cotton regardless of the coexistence or separation of cotton and cucumber plants. Neither of the cotton- and cucurbits-specialized aphids could use capsicum Capsicum annuum, eggplant Solanum melongenahttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carolus_Linnaeus, tomato Solanum lycopersicum, maize Zea mayshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Linnaeus, and radish Raphanus sativus, however, both of them could use zucchini and cowpea. Moreover, the feeding experience on zucchini led the cotton-specialized aphids to use cucumber well and finally to be transformed into the cucurbits-specialized biotype. The short-term feeding experience on cowpea resulted in the diet breadth expansion of the cucurbits-specialized aphids to use cotton. On the other hand, the diet breadth expansion of the cucurbits- and cotton-specialized aphids was only realized by different species of plant. It concluded that the special host plant did induce the conversion of feeding habits in the cotton- and cucurbits-specialized aphids, and consequently broke the host specialization. The plant species is an underlying factor to determine the diet breadth of phytophagous insects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Entomology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Cucurbitacin IIa induces caspase-3-dependent apoptosis and enhances autophagy in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:27-34. [PMID: 23541744 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbitacin IIa (CuIIa), a member of cucurbitacin family, is isolated from the root of Hemsleya amabilis which has been used as an ancient remedy for bacillary dysentery and gastroenteritis. The anti-inflammatory properties of CuIIa have long been recognized but the underlying mechanism is largely unknown. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effect of CuIIa on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophage cells. The results showed that CuIIa inhibited the proliferation and migration of RAW 264.7 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Whereas CuIIa did not cause apoptosis in unstimulated RAW 264.7 cells, it did induce a significant apoptosis in LPS-stimulated cells, which was caspase-3-dependent and associated with downregulation of survivin. Furthermore, LPS induced autophagy in RAW 264.7 cells and this effect was further enhanced by CuIIa as evidenced by increased levels of LC3-II conjugates and formation of LC3 puncta. In addition, CuIIa disrupted actin cytoskeleton via inducing actin aggregation. However, neither the synthesis of tumor necrosis factor-α, nor the activation of the mitogen-activated protein kinases and NF-κB pathways in LPS-stimulated cells was suppressed by CuIIa treatment. Collectively, these results suggested that induction of apoptosis and enhancement of autophagy contributed to the anti-inflammatory activity of CuIIa against inflammation-related diseases.
Collapse
|
48
|
Neuropharmacological properties of Trichosanthes dioica root. Chin J Nat Med 2013; 11:158-63. [DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(13)60043-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
|
49
|
Ahmed MS, Halaweish FT. Cucurbitacins: potential candidates targeting mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway for treatment of melanoma. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2013; 29:162-7. [PMID: 23368732 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2012.762646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Cucurbitacins (Cucs) have been classified as signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 inhibitors. Kinase inhibition has been a validated drug target in multiple types of malignancies. B-RAF mutations are highly expressed in the melanoma. Our hypothesis is the Cucs can be a potential candidate to inhibit the signaling kinase pathway. The research presented is the evaluation of Cucs, as B-RAF and MEK1 kinase inhibitors. Virtual screening methods were employed to identify lead compounds. The hypothesis was tested on mutant B-RAF cell lines, A-375 and Sk-Mel-28 cell lines to determine the activity toward melanoma. A series of natural Cucs show an improved activity toward Sk-Mel-28 and A-375 cell lines. Cucs show potential inhibition for the total and phosphorylated ERK using ELISA kits. Cucs could be potential candidate for inhibiting cell growth.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud S Ahmed
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, South Dakota State University , Brookings, SD , USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Biological activities and potential molecular targets of cucurbitacins: a focus on cancer. Anticancer Drugs 2012; 23:777-87. [PMID: 22561419 DOI: 10.1097/cad.0b013e3283541384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Cucurbitacin and its derivatives (cucurbitacins) are a class of highly oxidized tetracyclic triterpenoids. They are widely distributed in the plant kingdom, where they act as heterologous chemical pheromones that protect plants from external biological insults. Their bioactivities first attracted attention in the 1960s. Documented data demonstrate that cucurbitacins possess strong pharmacological properties, such as antitumor, anti-inflammatory, and hepatoprotective effects, etc. Several molecular targets for cucurbitacins have been discovered, such as fibrous-actin, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, cyclooxygenase-2, etc. The present study summarizes the achievements of the 50 years of research on cucurbitacins. The aim was to systematically analyze their bioactivities with an emphasis on their anticancer effects. Research and development has shed new insight into the beneficial properties of these compounds.
Collapse
|