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Yenigün S, Başar Y, İpek Y, Behçet L, Özen T, Demirtaş İ. Determination of antioxidant, DNA protection, enzyme inhibition potential and molecular docking studies of a biomarker ursolic acid in Nepeta species. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:5799-5816. [PMID: 37394807 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2229440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Ursolic acid (UA), which has many biological properties such as anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory and antioxidant, and regulates some pharmacological processes, has been isolated from the flowers, leaves, berries and fruits of many plant species. In this work, UA was purified from the methanol-chloroform crude extract of Nepeta species (N. aristata, N. baytopii, N. italica, N. trachonitica, N. stenantha) using a silica gel column with chloroform or ethyl acetate solvents via bioactivity-guided isolation. The most active sub-fractions were determined under bioactivities using antioxidant and DNA protection activities and enzyme inhibitions. UA was purified from these fractions and its structure was elucidated by NMR spectroscopy techniques. The highest amount of UA was found in N. stenantha (8.53 mg UA/g), while the lowest amount of UA was found in N. trachonitica (1.92 mg UA/g). The bioactivities of UA were evaluated with antioxidant and DNA protection activities, enzyme inhibitions, kinetics and interactions. The inhibition values (IC50) of α-amylase, α-glucosidase, urease, CA, tyrosinase, lipase, AChE, and BChE were determined between 5.08 and 181.96 µM. In contrast, Ki values of enzyme inhibition kinetics were observed between 0.04 and 0.20 mM. In addition, Ki values of these enzymes for enzyme-UA interactions were calculated as 0.38, 0.86, 0.45, 1.01, 0.23, 0.41, 0.01 and 2.24 µM, respectively. It is supported that UA can be widely used as a good antioxidant against oxidative damage, an effective DNA protector against genetic diseases, and a suitable inhibitor for metabolizing enzymes.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Semiha Yenigün
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - Yunus Başar
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
| | - Yaşar İpek
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Çankırı Karatekin University, Çankırı, Turkey
| | - Lütfi Behçet
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Bingöl University, Bingöl, Turkey
| | - Tevfik Özen
- Faculty of Science, Department of Chemistry, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
| | - İbrahim Demirtaş
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Biochemistry, Iğdır University, Iğdır, Turkey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ondokuz Mayıs University, Samsun, Turkey
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Kwiecień I, Łukaszyk A, Miceli N, Taviano MF, Davì F, Kędzia E, Ekiert H. In Vitro Cultures of Scutellaria brevibracteata subsp. subvelutina as a Source of Bioactive Phenolic Metabolites. Molecules 2023; 28:1785. [PMID: 36838774 PMCID: PMC9964101 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28041785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Some of the more than 350 Scutellaria species, such as S. baicalensis and S. lateriflora, have been used in traditional medicine and today play an important role in official phytotherapy. Other species have been less investigated, and their therapeutic potential is unknown. This is one of the few studies on Scutellaria brevibracteata subsp. subvelutina, and the first research of this species' in vitro cultures. The aim of this study was to establish an in vitro culture and analyse its phytochemical profile and biological activity. In the methanolic extracts from biomass cultured on six solid Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium variants supplemented with different combinations of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) in the range 0.5-3 mg/L analysed by HPLC, the presence of specific flavonoids (baicalein, baicalin, wogonin, wogonoside, scutellarin, chrysin), phenylpropanoid glycosides (verbascoside, isoverbascoside), and phenolic acids (p-hydroxybenzoic, caffeic, ferulic, m-coumaric acids) was confirmed. The dominant metabolites were wogonoside and verbascoside with the highest content of 346 and 457 mg/100 g DW, respectively. Thus, the extract with the highest content of bioactive metabolites was selected for further research and subjected to evaluation of antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. The extract exhibited good free radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 0.92 ± 0.01 mg/mL) and moderate reducing power and chelating activity. The brine shrimp lethality bioassay proved its lack of biotoxicity. Antimicrobial activity was tested against sixteen strains of Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and fungi. The strongest growth inhibitory activity was observed against Trichophyton tonsurans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Kwiecień
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Aleksandra Łukaszyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Natalizia Miceli
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Maria Fernanda Taviano
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres, 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
| | - Federica Davì
- Foundation “Prof. Antonio Imbesi”, University of Messina, Piazza Pugliatti 1, 98122 Messina, Italy
| | - Elżbieta Kędzia
- Department of Bioproducts Engineering, Institute of Natural Fibres and Medicinal Plants, National Research Institute, 71B Wojska Polskiego St., 60-630 Poznań, Poland
| | - Halina Ekiert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 9 Medyczna St., 30-688 Kraków, Poland
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Köngül Şafak E, Şeker Karatoprak G, Dirmenci T, Duman H, Küçükboyacı N. Cytotoxic Effects of Some Nepeta Species against Breast Cancer Cell Lines and Their Associated Phytochemical Properties. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11111427. [PMID: 35684200 PMCID: PMC9182684 DOI: 10.3390/plants11111427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2022] [Revised: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Nepeta is one of the largest genera of the Lamiaceae family. Nepeta species are commonly employed in traditional medicine for a variety of ailments, as well as food additives. In addition, they also come to the fore with their rich phytochemical content. In the present study, the quantitative phytochemical content of methanolic extracts and infusions prepared from the aerial parts of 14 Nepeta taxa collected from Turkey and their cytotoxic effects on two breast cancer cell lines, MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, were investigated by using the MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl))-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium-bromide) test. According to HPLC-PDA analysis, N. racemosa methanolic extract had the highest ursolic acid content with 165.9 mg/g extract. Total sterol, total iridoid, and total triterpenoid content were determined to be greatest in the methanolic extracts of N. meyeri, N. trichocalyx and N. phyllochlamys. The MTT experiment demonstrated that certain Nepeta species suppressed the growth of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Statistical analysis revealed a strong correlation between the cytotoxic effects of the extracts and their triterpene content. In conclusion, the data obtained from this study are important in terms of forming a basis for advanced anticancer activity studies on breast cancer with Nepeta sp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Köngül Şafak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey;
- Correspondence:
| | - Gökçe Şeker Karatoprak
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Erciyes University, Kayseri 38280, Turkey;
| | - Tuncay Dirmenci
- Department of Biology Education, Necatibey Education Faculty, Balikesir University, Balikesir 10010, Turkey;
| | - Hayri Duman
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Gazi University, Ankara 06560, Turkey;
| | - Nurgün Küçükboyacı
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cyprus University of Health and Social Sciences, Güzelyurt, TRNC, Mersin 33190, Turkey;
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Zengin G, Mahomoodally MF, Aktumsek A, Jekő J, Cziáky Z, Rodrigues MJ, Custodio L, Polat R, Cakilcioglu U, Ayna A, Gallo M, Montesano D, Picot-Allain C. Chemical Profiling and Biological Evaluation of Nepeta baytopii Extracts and Essential Oil: An Endemic Plant from Turkey. PLANTS 2021; 10:plants10061176. [PMID: 34207852 PMCID: PMC8228258 DOI: 10.3390/plants10061176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Nepeta baytopii is a poorly studied, endemic Nepeta species (Lamiaceae) of Turkey. For the first time, the biological activities (antioxidant, enzyme inhibition, and cytotoxicity properties) of the hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, water/methanol, and water extracts and essential oil prepared from N. baytopii aerial parts were assessed. Hydro-methanol (41.25 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g) and water extracts (50.30 mg GAE/g), respectively showed the highest radical scavenging (94.40 and 129.22 mg Trolox equivalent (TE)/g, for 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radical and 2,2-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical scavenging assays) and reducing (229.37 and 129.55 mg TE/g, for ferric-reducing antioxidant power and cupric-reducing antioxidant capacity assays) capacities in vitro. An interestingly high inhibition was observed for ethyl acetate extract against butyrylcholinesterase (10.85 mg galantamine equivalent/g). The methanol extract showed high cytotoxicity (31.7%) against HepG2 cells. Caryophyllene oxide was identified in high concentrations in the essential oil (39.3%). Luteolin and apigenin and their derivatives were identified from the methanol and water extracts. The results obtained from this study highlighted that the abundance of highly bioactive compounds from Nepeta baytopii ensures the multiple biological activities of the tested extracts, and this suggests a potential use in the pharmaceutical and nutraceutical fields, and therefore should be investigated further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya 42130, Turkey; (G.Z.); (A.A.)
| | - Mohamad Fawzi Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius; (M.F.M.); (C.P.-A.)
| | - Abdurrahman Aktumsek
- Physiology and Biochemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, Konya 42130, Turkey; (G.Z.); (A.A.)
| | - József Jekő
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, 4405 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (J.J.); (Z.C.)
| | - Zoltán Cziáky
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, 4405 Nyíregyháza, Hungary; (J.J.); (Z.C.)
| | - Maria João Rodrigues
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.J.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Luisa Custodio
- Centre of Marine Sciences, Faculty of Sciences and Technology, University of Algarve, Ed. 7, Campus of Gambelas, 8005-139 Faro, Portugal; (M.J.R.); (L.C.)
| | - Rıdvan Polat
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bingol University, Bingöl 12000, Turkey;
| | - Ugur Cakilcioglu
- Department of Botany, Pertek Sakine Genç Vocational School, Munzur University, Tunceli 62000, Turkey;
| | - Adnan Ayna
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Bingol University, Bingöl 12000, Turkey;
| | - Monica Gallo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, via Pansini, 5, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (D.M.)
| | - Domenico Montesano
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples Federico II, via D. Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: (M.G.); (D.M.)
| | - Carene Picot-Allain
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Mauritius, Réduit 80837, Mauritius; (M.F.M.); (C.P.-A.)
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Sharma A, Cooper R, Bhardwaj G, Cannoo DS. The genus Nepeta: Traditional uses, phytochemicals and pharmacological properties. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 268:113679. [PMID: 33307050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2020.113679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2020] [Revised: 11/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Nepeta is a multiregional genus of the "Lamiaceae" (Labiatae or Mint) family. Species of Nepeta are a valuable part of traditional medicine and used extensively, particularly in the Himalayan region of India (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Leh-Ladakh), Pakistan (Khyber Pakhtunkhwaand Pakistani Kashmir), Nepal (Baglund district), also in China and hilly regions of Turkey and Iran. Nepeta species are extensively used as a remedy against a variety of ailments and conditions like chicken pox, tuberculosis, malaria, pneumonia, influenza, measles, stomach disorders, eye complaints, respiratory disorders, asthma, colds, coughs etc. AIM OF THE REVIEW: The main aim of this review is to present a comprehensive and detailed study on traditional uses, pharmacology, phytochemistry, toxicology of Nepeta species and suggest future direction on the design and conduct of various preparations, either alone or in blends with prevailing conventional remedies. The review also emphasizes encouraging researchers towards the wide range of pharmaceutical applications of the various species of Nepeta for their better use and exploration in the future. MATERIAL AND METHODS All the relevant data and information on different species of Nepeta were assembled using different databases, such as Science Direct, Springer, PubMed, Taylor and Francis imprints, Chemspider, Google scholar, review and research articles from peer-reviewed journals and unpublished data. Some select 'grey literature' sources viz. ethnobotanical books, chapters, Wikipedia and webpages were also studied. RESULTS A variety of bioactive secondary metabolites and nutraceuticals has been isolated from various species of Nepeta. These bioactive compounds belong to different classes of secondary metabolites, such as phenolic acids and their glycosides (rosmarinic acid, gallic acid, caffeic acid), flavonoids and their glycosides (cirsimaritin, salvigenin, luteolin, apigenin), iridoids (nepetalactones and their derivatives), terpenoids (1,8-cineole, linalool, β-caryophyllene, germacrene D, parnapimaro, β-amyrin, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid), steroids (β-sitosterol, stigmasterol), lignans, amino acids, carbohydrates, volatile oils, etc. The species of the genus Nepeta possess a variety of pharmacological activities namely anti-inflammatory, anti-nociceptive, anti-alzheimer, anticancer and cytotoxic, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antimicrobial, antifungal, insecticidal and along with other biological activities. CONCLUSION The species of the genus Nepeta contains a rich source of various bioactive compounds, which are well tolerated as traditional medicines. In fact, different species of Nepeta are widely used in a variety of traditional medicinal systems all around the world. Owing to the variety of pharmacological properties of Nepeta species, more comprehensive and inclusive clinical trials are necessary for the utilization of different Nepeta species against the treatment of a wide range of ailments. There are also various other uses such as food, cosmetic and agriculture that can be investigated or explored in future. Some of the major domains that can be explored within this genus are the investigation of different species for their unexplored biological potential, isolation and characterization of new bioactive constituents and finally, investigation of new applications and possible commercialization of these bioactive leads. No doubt, there are various viable research domains outside those discussed above, but presently for the purposes of this review we will only emphasize the activities herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Chandigarh University, NH-95, Chandigarh-Ludhiana Highway, Gharuan, Mohali, Punjab, 140413, India; Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur, Punjab, 148106, India.
| | - Raymond Cooper
- Dept Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong.
| | - Garima Bhardwaj
- Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur, Punjab, 148106, India.
| | - Damanjit Singh Cannoo
- Department of Chemistry, Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering and Technology, Longowal, Sangrur, Punjab, 148106, India.
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Lobine D, Ahmed S, Aschner M, Khan H, Mirzaei H, Mahomoodally MF. Antiurolithiatic effects of pentacyclic triterpenes: The distance traveled from therapeutic aspects. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:671-684. [PMID: 32314397 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Globally, approximately 12% of the population is inflicted by various types of urolithiasis. Standard treatments are available both to avert and treat urolithiasis, but with significant adverse side effects. Pentacyclic triterpenes represent a group of naturally occurring compounds which holds immense potential as therapeutic for treating kidney stone. This review aims to provide an integrative description on how pentacyclic triterpenes can effectively treat calcium oxalate urolithiasis through various mechanisms such as antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, diuretic, and angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition. Some of the pentacylic triterpenes which shows promising activities include lupeol, oleanolic acid, betulin, and taraxasterol. Moreover, future perspectives in the development of pentacyclic triterpenes in formulations/drugs for urinary stone prevention are highlighted. It is anticipated that compiled information would serve as a scientific baseline to advocate further investigations on the potential of pentacyclic triterpenes in urolithiasis remediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devina Lobine
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius
| | - Salman Ahmed
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Karachi, Karachi, Pakistan
| | - Michael Aschner
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Haroon Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Hamed Mirzaei
- Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Mohamad F Mahomoodally
- Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Réduit, Mauritius.,Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang, 550000, Vietnam
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Abdel-Mageed W, M. Al-Saleem M, Al-Wahaibi L, Rehman M, AlAjmi M, Alkahtani R. Phenolic compounds of Heliotropium europaeum and their biological activities. Pharmacogn Mag 2020. [DOI: 10.4103/pm.pm_376_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
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Moshari Nasirkandi A, Alirezalu A, Bahadori S. Phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of Nepeta fissa - first report from Iran. Nat Prod Res 2019; 35:4596-4599. [PMID: 31746237 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2019.1693566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
In recent years, scientific interest in natural products has burgeoned. The genus Nepeta is one of the most important medicinal plants belongs to family Lamiaceae. In this study, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant potential and distribution of individual phenolic compounds by HPLC-MS/MS were determined in native Nepeta fissa Benth species. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant capacity (by DPPH and FRAP assays) values were measured in N. fissa as 43.07 mg GAE/g dw, 3.77 mg q/g dw, 197.85 µg/mL (IC50 value) and 1.15 μmol Fe++/g dw, respectively. The most abundant flavonoid, phenolic acid, and anthraquinone in the analyzed N. fissa extracts were rutin, ferulic acid, and chrysophanol, respectively. As a conclusion, results of present study showed that N. fissa was rich in some phenolic compounds and exhibited antioxidant activity. The obtained results can provide new safe resources to the development of new products for the pharmaceutical industries.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Abolfazl Alirezalu
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shahram Bahadori
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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Total Phenolic and Flavonoid Contents, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Nepeta binaludensis Jamzad Extracts. Jundishapur J Nat Pharm Prod 2018. [DOI: 10.5812/jjnpp.58500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Kaska A, Deniz N, Çiçek M, Mammadov R. Evaluation of Antioxidant Properties, Phenolic Compounds, Anthelmintic, and Cytotoxic Activities of Various Extracts Isolated from Nepeta cadmea: An Endemic Plant for Turkey. J Food Sci 2018; 83:1552-1559. [PMID: 29746001 DOI: 10.1111/1750-3841.14167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Nepeta cadmea Boiss. is a species endemic to Turkey that belongs to the Nepeta genus. Several species of this genus are used in folk medicine. This study was designed to investigate the phenolic compounds, antioxidant, anthelmintic, and cytotoxic activities of various extracts (ethanol, methanol, acetone, and water) of N. cadmea. The antioxidant activities of these extracts were analyzed using scavenging methods (DPPH, ABTS, and H2 O2 scavenging activity), the β-carotene/linoleic acid test system, the phosphomolybdenum method, and metal chelating activity. Among the 4 different extracts of N. cadmea that were evaluated, the water extract showed the highest amount of radical scavenging (DPPH, 25.54 μg/mL and ABTS, 14.51 μg/mL) and antioxidant activities (β-carotene, 86.91%). In the metal chelating and H2 O2 scavenging activities, the acetone extract was statistically different from the other extracts. For the phosphomolybdenum method, the antioxidant capacity of the extracts was in the range of 8.15 to 80.40 μg/mg. The phenolic content of the ethanol extract was examined using HPLC and determined some phenolics: epicatechin, chlorogenic, and caffeic acids. With regard to the anthelmintic properties, dose-dependent activity was observed in each of the extracts of N. cadmea. All the extracts exhibited high cytotoxic activities. The results will provide additional information for further studies on the biological activities of N. cadmea, while also helping us to understand the importance of this species. Furthermore, based on the results obtained, N. cadmea may be considered as a potentially useful supplement for the human diet, as well as a natural antioxidant for medicinal applications. PRACTICAL APPLICATION The plants of the Nepeta genus have been extensively used as traditional herbal medicines. Nepeta cadmea Boiss., one of the species belonging to the Nepeta genus, is a species endemic to Turkey. In our study, we demonstrated the antioxidant capacities, total phenolic, flavonoid, tannin content, anthelmintic, and cytotoxic activities of various extracts of Nepeta cadmea. The present study could well supply valuable data for future investigations and further information on the potential use of this endemic plant for humans, in both dietary and pharmacological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arzu Kaska
- Dept. of Science and Mathematics, Faculty of Education, Pamukkale Univ., Denizli, Turkey
| | - Nahide Deniz
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Pamukkale Univ., Denizli, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Çiçek
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Pamukkale Univ., Denizli, Turkey
| | - Ramazan Mammadov
- Dept. of Biology, Faculty of Arts and Science, Pamukkale Univ., Denizli, Turkey
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Afshar AS, Nematpour FS, Meshkani M, Khafi A. Growth inhibition of human breast cancer cells and down-regulation of ODC1 and ADA genes by Nepeta binaloudensis. REVISTA BRASILEIRA DE FARMACOGNOSIA-BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACOGNOSY 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2016.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Emami SA, Yazdian-Robati R, Sadeghi M, Baharara J, Amini E, Salek F, Tayarani-Najaran Z. Inhibitory effects of different fractions of Nepeta satureioides on melanin synthesis through reducing oxidative stress. Res Pharm Sci 2017; 12:160-167. [PMID: 28515769 PMCID: PMC5385731 DOI: 10.4103/1735-5362.202455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Nepeta satureioides Boiss. has been used in traditional medicine of eastern countries and is famous for its medicinal properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of methanol (MeOH), n-hexane and dichloromethane (CH2Cl2) fractions of the extract on melanin synthesis and oxidative stress in B16F10 melanoma cell line. The B16F10 cell line viability after treatment with increasing concentrations of different fractions of the plant (5-60 μg/mL) was measured using MTT assay. The inhibitory effect on synthesis of melanin, mushroom tyrosinase activity, cellular tyrosinase and oxidative stress were determined by the colorimetric and fluorometric methods. The data showed that at concentrations below 60 μg/mL, fractions did not show significant toxicity on melanoma cells. The amount of melanin synthesis by MeOH and CH2Cl2 fractions and mushroom tyrosinase activity by the MeOH fraction declined in B16F10 cells. In addition to the capacity of MeOH, n-hexane and CH2Cl2 fractions in decreasing the amount of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in melanoma cells, all fractions revealed remarkable antioxidant activity. The melanogenesis inhibitory and antioxidant effects of N. satureioides on B16F10 cells may suggest this plant as a new pharmaceutical agent in reducing skin pigment and skin aging in cosmetic industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Ahmad Emami
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
| | - Rezvan Yazdian-Robati
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
| | - Mohammad Sadeghi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
| | - Javad Baharara
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Kharazmi University, Tehran, I.R. Iran
| | - Elaheh Amini
- Research Center for Applied Biology, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
| | - Farzaneh Salek
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Mashhad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
| | - Zahra Tayarani-Najaran
- Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, I.R. Iran
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14
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Peng J, Ren X, Lan T, Chen Y, Shao Z, Yang C. Renoprotective effects of ursolic acid on ischemia/reperfusion‑induced acute kidney injury through oxidative stress, inflammation and the inhibition of STAT3 and NF‑κB activities. Mol Med Rep 2016; 14:3397-402. [PMID: 27573738 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2016.5654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 06/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Ursolic acid, a pentacyclic triterpene compound with low toxicity and easy availability, has a variety of biological activities, including antitumor, antioxidant, antihepatitis, anti‑inflammatory and antibacterial effects. The present study aimed to investigate the renoprotective effects of ursolic acid on ischemia/reperfusion‑induced acute kidney injury (I/R‑IAKI) in rats associated with its antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory effects, as well as interference with the signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT)3/nuclear factor (NF)‑κB signaling pathway. The present study demonstrated that pre‑treatment with ursolic acid significantly increased renal functioning and attenuated increases of serum angiotensin II levels in rats subjected to I/R‑IAKI. In addition, I/R‑IAKI‑induced inflammation and oxidative stress were significantly reduced by pre‑treatment with ursolic acid. Furthermore, ursolic acid significantly suppressed the upregulation of STAT3, NF‑κB and caspase‑3 activities in rats following I/R‑IAKI. These results indicated that ursolic acid may be a potential drug for reducing I/R‑IAKI through suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress damage, as well as modulation of STAT3 and NF‑κB activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Xingfeng Ren
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Tianbiao Lan
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Yan Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Ziyun Shao
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Department of Nephrology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Military Area, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, P.R. China
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15
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Al-Oqail MM, Al-Sheddi ES, Siddiqui MA, Musarrat J, Al-Khedhairy AA, Farshori NN. Anticancer Activity of Chloroform Extract and Sub-fractions of Nepeta deflersiana on Human Breast and Lung Cancer Cells: An In vitro Cytotoxicity Assessment. Pharmacogn Mag 2015; 11:S598-605. [PMID: 27013801 PMCID: PMC4787095 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.172968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cancer is one of the major causes of death worldwide. The plant-derived natural products have received considerable attention in recent years due to their diverse pharmacological properties including anticancer effects. Nepeta deflersiana (ND) is used in the folk medicine as antiseptic, carminative, antimicrobial, antioxidant, and for treating rheumatic disorders. However, the anticancer activity of ND chloroform extract has not been explored so far. OBJECTIVES The present study was aimed to investigate the anticancer activities of chloroform Nepeta deflersiana extract and various sub-fractions (ND-1-ND-15) of ND against human breast cancer cells (MCF-7) and human lung cancer cells (A-549). MATERIALS AND METHODS The 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide and neutral red uptake assays, and cellular morphological alterations using phase contrast light microscope were studied. Cells were exposed with 10-1000 μg/ml of sub-fractions of ND for 24 h. RESULTS Results showed that selected sub-fractions of the chloroform extract significantly reduced the cell viability of MCF-7 and A-549 cells, and altered the cellular morphology in a concentration-dependent manner. Among the sub-fractions, ND-10 fraction showed relatively higher cytotoxicity compared to other fractions whereas, ND-1 did not cause any cytotoxicity even at higher concentrations. The A-549 cells were found to be more sensitive to growth inhibition by all the extracts as compared to the MCF-7 cells. CONCLUSION The present study provides preliminary screening of anticancer activities of chloroform extract and sub-fractions of ND, which can be further used for the development of a potential therapeutic anticancer agent. SUMMARY Nepeta deflersiana extract exhibit cytotoxicity and altered the cellular morphology. Sub-fractions of the chloroform extract of Nepeta deflersiana reduced the cell viability of MCF-7 and A-549 cells. Among the sub-fractions, ND-10 fraction showed relatively higher cytotoxicity. The A-549 cells were found to be more sensitive as compared to the MCF-7 cells. Abbreviations used: MTT: 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide; NRU: Neutral red uptake; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified eagle medium; FBS: Fetal bovine serum; PBS: Phosphate buffer saline; DMSO: Dimethyl sulfoxide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai M. Al-Oqail
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ebtesam S. Al-Sheddi
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maqsood A. Siddiqui
- Department of Zoology, Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Javed Musarrat
- Department of Zoology, Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdulaziz A. Al-Khedhairy
- Department of Zoology, Al-Jeraisy Chair for DNA Research, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Nida N. Farshori
- Department of Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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16
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Chen JY, Zhang L, Zhang H, Su L, Qin LP. Triggering of p38 MAPK and JNK Signaling is Important for Oleanolic Acid-Induced Apoptosis via the Mitochondrial Death Pathway in Hypertrophic Scar Fibroblasts. Phytother Res 2014; 28:1468-78. [DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2013] [Revised: 01/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jian-Yu Chen
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 PR China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 PR China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 PR China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 PR China
| | - Li Su
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Center, School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 PR China
| | - Lu-Ping Qin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy; Second Military Medical University; Shanghai 200433 PR China
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17
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Shimada A, Inagaki M. Angiotensin I-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitory Activity of Ursolic Acid Isolated from Thymus vulgaris, L. FOOD SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH 2014. [DOI: 10.3136/fstr.20.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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18
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Menichini F, Losi L, Bonesi M, Pugliese A, Loizzo MR, Tundis R. Chemical profiling and in vitro biological effects of Cardiospermum halicacabum L. (Sapindaceae) aerial parts and seeds for applications in neurodegenerative disorders. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2013; 29:677-85. [PMID: 24102527 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2013.840614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiospermum halicacabum is widely used in traditional medicine. Previous studies have focused on the aerial parts, while the seeds have been poorly investigated. This work aimed to analyse the chemical composition of extracts from aerial parts and seeds obtained using Naviglio and Soxhlet (PN, PS, and SN, SS, respectively), the inhibitory properties against tyrosinase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) and the antioxidant effects. PN total extract showed significant anti-tyrosinase activity (IC50 value of 10.8 µg/mL). After partitioning with n-hexane, an HPLC method for analysing chemical constituents was established. Apigenin, luteolin, and apigenin-7-O-glucoside are the predominant constituents. SN n-hexane fraction was the most active inhibitor of BChE (IC50 of 57.9 µg/mL). Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed fatty acids, including eicosanoic acid, methyl 11-eicosenoate and oleic acid, as the major constituents. These findings suggest the potentiality of both seeds and aerial parts of C. halicacabum in the treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Menichini
- Department of Pharmacy, Health and Nutritional Sciences, University of Calabria , I-87036 Rende (CS) , Italy and
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