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Bhattacharjee M, Manoharan S, Sathisaran U, Tamatam A, Perumal E. MAO inhibiting phytochemicals from the roots of Glycyrrhiza glabra L. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2024; 42:3887-3905. [PMID: 37243713 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2023.2216298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Glycyrrhizin, a natural compound that is substantially present in Glycyrrhiza glabra L. (Gg) root. Monoamine oxidase B (MAOB) inhibitor is used for the treatment of several important neuropsychological diseases like Parkinson's disease. Gg is known to possess psychoactive properties which relates to its MAO inhibitory potential. This study sought to determine the MAO inhibition property of glycyrrhizin from Gg root extract. The Aqueous extract containing glycyrrhizin was isolated from the root of Gg and characterized using TLC, HPLC, and LC-MS techniques. In silico docking was conducted using Extra precision Glide 2018, Schrödinger docking suite. In addition, the pharmacokinetic properties of the compounds were predicted using SwissADME. The binding energies of the glycyrrhizin correlated well with their in vitro MAO inhibitory potential. Glycyrrhizin exhibited potent inhibitory activity towards MAOB whereas, an aqueous extract of Gg root inhibits both A and B forms of MAO enzyme. Further, molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation showed that liquiritigenin and methoxyglabridin showed higher stability than other inhibitor compounds from the Gg root extract. These observations suggest that the phytochemicals from the Gg root extract have potent MAO inhibition properties, which can be exploited for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monojit Bhattacharjee
- Defence Research and Development Organisation, Bharathiar University Center for Life Sciences (DRDO-BU CLS), Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Suryaa Manoharan
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Umamaheswari Sathisaran
- Unit of Toxicology, Department of Zoology, School of Life Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, India
| | - Anand Tamatam
- Nutrition, Biochemistry and Toxicology Division, Defence Food Research Laboratory (DRDO-DFRL), Mysore, India
| | - Ekambaram Perumal
- Defence Research and Development Organisation, Bharathiar University Center for Life Sciences (DRDO-BU CLS), Bharathiar University Campus, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
- Molecular Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Moreira J, Machado M, Dias-Teixeira M, Ferraz R, Delerue-Matos C, Grosso C. The neuroprotective effect of traditional Chinese medicinal plants-A critical review. Acta Pharm Sin B 2023; 13:3208-3237. [PMID: 37655317 PMCID: PMC10465969 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2023.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric diseases are increasingly affecting individuals' quality of life, thus increasing their cost to social and health systems. These diseases have overlapping mechanisms, such as oxidative stress, protein aggregation, neuroinflammation, neurotransmission impairment, mitochondrial dysfunction, and excitotoxicity. Currently, there is no cure for neurodegenerative diseases, and the available therapies have adverse effects and low efficacy. For neuropsychiatric disorders, such as depression, the current therapies are not adequate to one-third of the patients, the so-called treatment-resistant patients. So, searching for new treatments is fundamental. Medicinal plants appear as a strong alternative and complement towards new treatment protocols, as they have been used for health purposes for thousands of years. Thus, the main goal of this review is to revisit the neuroprotective potential of some of the most predominant medicinal plants (and one fungus) used in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), focusing on their proven mechanisms of action and their chemical compositions, to give clues on how they can be useful against neurodegeneration progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Moreira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
| | - Mariana Machado
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas/CISA, Escola Superior de Saúde—Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
| | - Mónica Dias-Teixeira
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
- NICiTeS—Núcleo de Investigação em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde, Escola Superior de Saúde Ribeiro Sanches, Lisboa 1950-396, Portugal
| | - Ricardo Ferraz
- Ciências Químicas e das Biomoléculas/CISA, Escola Superior de Saúde—Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4200-072, Portugal
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Departamento de Química e Bioquímica Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Porto 4169-007, Portugal
| | - Cristina Delerue-Matos
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
| | - Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/LAQV, Instituto Superior de Engenharia do Porto, Instituto Politécnico do Porto, Porto 4249-015, Portugal
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Ogunsuyi O, Olasehinde T, Oboh G. Neuroprotective properties of Solanum leaves in Transgenic Drosophila melanogaster model of Alzheimer's disease. Biomarkers 2022; 27:587-598. [PMID: 35546534 DOI: 10.1080/1354750x.2022.2077446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We investigated the effect of African eggplant (AE) (Solanum macrocarpon L) and Black nightshade (BN) (Solanum nigrum L) leaves; two tropical vegetables consumed by humans on behavioral, biochemical and histological indices in Drosophila melanogaster model of Alzheimer's disease (AD). MATERIALS AND METHOD Transgenic flies expressing human Amyloid Precursor Protein (hAPP) and β-secretase (hBACE 1) were exposed to the pulverized leaf samples (0.1 and 1.0%) in their diets for fourteen days. Thereafter, the flies were assessed for their behavioral indices and routine histology of brain cells. Furthermore, fly head homogenates were assayed for β-amyloid level, activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and β-secretase (BACE-1), as well as oxidative stress markers. RESULTS Result showed that the significantly lower (p < 0.05) behavioral parameters (survival, locomotor performance and memory index), higher AChE and BACE-1 activities, β-amyloid, ROS and lipid peroxidation levels, as well as reduced antioxidant indices observed in the AD flies, were significantly ameliorated (p < 0.05) in AD flies treated with the leaf samples. DISCUSSION This study has showed that leaves of AE and BN ameliorated behavioral and biochemical indices in AD flies via neural enzyme modulatory, and antioxidant mechanisms. CONCLUSION Hence, this study further justifies the neuroprotective properties of both AE and BN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Opeyemi Ogunsuyi
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria.,Department of Biomedical Technology, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
| | - Tosin Olasehinde
- Nutrition and Toxicology Division, Food Technology Department, Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Lagos, Nigeria.,Discipline of Microbiology, School of Life Sciences, University of Kwazulu-Natal, Westville, Durban, Kwazulu-Natal Province, South Africa
| | - Ganiyu Oboh
- Department of Biochemistry, Federal University of Technology, P.M.B. 704, Akure, Nigeria
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Margetts G, Kleidonas S, Zaibi NS, Zaibi MS, Edwards KD. Evidence for anti-inflammatory effects and modulation of neurotransmitter metabolism by Salvia officinalis L. BMC Complement Med Ther 2022; 22:131. [PMID: 35550086 PMCID: PMC9101933 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-022-03605-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cognitive health is of great interest to society, with neuroinflammation and systemic inflammation age-related risk factors that are linked to declines in cognitive performance. Several botanical ingredients have been suggested to have benefits in this area including Salvia officinalis (sage), which has shown anti-inflammatory effects and exhibited promising cognitive improvements in multiple human studies. The current study demonstrates anti-inflammatory effects for S. officinalis across a broad set of in vitro models in human cells, and adds further evidence to support modulation of acetylcholine and monoamine neurostransmitter levels as mechanisms that contribute towards the benefits of the herb on cognitive health. Methods The effect of S. officinalis extract on release of multiple cytokines and chemokines was measured in human primary intestinal epithelial cells treated with or without LPS stimulation, and Blood Brain Barrier (BBB) cells in presence or absence of recombinant IL-17A and/or Human IL-17RA/IL-17R Antibody. Antioxidant effects were also assessed in BBB cells incubated with the extract and H2O2. The anti-inflammatory effects of S. officinalis extract were further assessed based on clinically-relevant biomarker readouts across 12 human primary cell-based disease models of the BioMAP Diversity PLUS panel. Results S. officinalis showed significant attenuation of the release of most cytokines/chemokines into apical media in LPS-stimulated intestinal cells, but small increases in the release of markers including IL-6, IL-8 in basolateral media; where TNF-α was the only marker to be significantly reduced. S. officinalis attenuated the release of CRP and VCAM-1 from BBB cells under IL-17A induced conditions, and also decreased H2O2 induced ROS overproduction in these cells. Phenotypic profiling with the BioMAP Diversity PLUS Panel identified additional anti-inflammatory mediators, and based on a similarity search analysis suggested potential mechanistic similarity to caffeic acid and drugs known to inhibit COMT and MAO activity to modulate monoamine metabolism. Subsequent in vitro assessment showed that S. officinalis was able to inhibit the activity of these same enzymes. Conclusions S. officinalis extract showed anti-inflammatory effects across multiple human cell lines, which could potentially reduce peripheral inflammation and support cognitive health. S. officinalis extract also showed the ability to inhibit enzymes related to the metabolism of monoamine neurotransmitters, suggesting possible dopaminergic and serotonergic effects acting alongside proposed cholinergic effects to mediate acute cognitive performance benefits previously demonstrated for the extract. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12906-022-03605-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemma Margetts
- The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Institute for Biomedical and Bioscience Research, The University of Buckingham, Hunter Street, Buckingham, MK18 1EG, UK
| | - Sotirios Kleidonas
- Sibelius Ltd, 20 East Central, 127 Olympic Avenue, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4SA, UK
| | - Nawel S Zaibi
- European Genomic Institute for Diabetes (EGID), Hospital Claude Huriez, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Mohamed S Zaibi
- The Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, The Institute for Biomedical and Bioscience Research, The University of Buckingham, Hunter Street, Buckingham, MK18 1EG, UK.
| | - Kieron D Edwards
- Sibelius Ltd, 20 East Central, 127 Olympic Avenue, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxfordshire, OX14 4SA, UK.
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Marzo CM, Gambini S, Poletti S, Munari F, Assfalg M, Guzzo F. Inhibition of Human Monoamine Oxidases A and B by Specialized Metabolites Present in Fresh Common Fruits and Vegetables. PLANTS 2022; 11:plants11030346. [PMID: 35161329 PMCID: PMC8838583 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diets rich in fruits and vegetables are associated with better psychological wellbeing and cognitive functions, although it is unclear which molecules and mechanisms are involved. One potential explanation is the inhibition of monoamine oxidases (MAOs), which have been linked to several neurological disorders. The present study investigated the ability of kiwifruit to inhibit MAO-A and MAO-B, refining an in vitro assay to avoid confounding effects. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF) and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy (NMR) were used to select individual kiwifruit metabolites for further analysis. Moreover, extracts of other common fruits and vegetables were screened to identify promising candidate inhibitors. Multiple extracts and compounds inhibited both enzymes, and the selective inhibition of MAO-B by the major kiwifruit specialized metabolite D-(−)-quinic acid was observed. These results suggest that fruits and vegetables contain metabolites that inhibit the activity of MAO-A and -B, offering a potential natural option for the treatment of neurological disorders, in which MAOs are involved.
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Tokin R, Frandsen KEH, Ipsen JØ, Lo Leggio L, Poojary MM, Berrin JG, Grisel S, Brander S, Jensen PE, Johansen KS. Inhibition of lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase by natural plant extracts. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2021; 232:1337-1349. [PMID: 34389999 DOI: 10.1111/nph.17676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) are monocopper enzymes of industrial and biological importance. In particular, LPMOs play important roles in fungal lifestyle. No inhibitors of LPMOs have yet been reported. In this study, a diverse library of 100 plant extracts was screened for LPMO activity-modulating effects. By employing protein crystallography and LC-MS, we successfully identified a natural LPMO inhibitor. Extract screening revealed a significant LPMO inhibition by methanolic extract of Cinnamomum cassia (cinnamon), which inhibited LsAA9A LPMO from Lentinus similis in a concentration-dependent manner. With a notable exception, other microbial LPMOs from families AA9 and AA10 were also inhibited by this cinnamon extract. The polyphenol cinnamtannin B1 was identified as the inhibitory component by crystallography. Cinnamtannin B1 was bound to the surface of LsAA9A at two distinct binding sites: one close to the active site and another at a pocket on the opposite side of the protein. Independent characterization of cinnamon extract by LC-MS and subsequent activity measurements confirmed that the compound inhibiting LsAA9A was cinnamtannin B1. The results of this study show that specific natural LPMO inhibitors of plant origin exist in nature, providing the opportunity for future exploitation of such compounds within various biotechnological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radina Tokin
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Kristian E H Frandsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Johan Ørskov Ipsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1871, Denmark
| | - Leila Lo Leggio
- Department of Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen Ø, 2100, Denmark
| | - Mahesha M Poojary
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark
| | - Jean-Guy Berrin
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Marseille, 13009, France
| | - Sacha Grisel
- INRAE, Aix Marseille Université, Biodiversité et Biotechnologie Fongiques (BBF), Marseille, 13009, France
| | - Søren Brander
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark
| | - Poul Erik Jensen
- Department of Food Science, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark
| | - Katja Salomon Johansen
- Department of Geosciences and Natural Resource Management, University of Copenhagen, Frederiksberg C, 1958, Denmark
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Dahat Y, Saha P, Mathew JT, Chaudhary SK, Srivastava AK, Kumar D. Traditional uses, phytochemistry and pharmacological attributes of Pterocarpus santalinus and future directions: A review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2021; 276:114127. [PMID: 33915135 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Pterocarpus santalinus, an ancient folk medicine, is endemic to the eastern ghats of south India, and the heartwood is prescribed since time immemorial for the mitigation of inflammatory disorders in traditional practice and ayurvedic system of medicines. AIM OF THE STUDY This review aims to provide collective pieces of information of the traditional uses, phytochemicals, and pharmacological facets of P. santalinus, with an intuition for promoting future research to explore its pharmaceutical potential as a therapeutic agent against modern maladies. MATERIAL AND METHODS Extensive literature search was performed to collate the data by using various electronic search engines. A network pharmacology-based approach is incorporated for validation of traditional claims orbiting around anti-inflammatory properties and directed its future exploration against obesity, ovarian inflammation, ovarian folliculogenesis, and inflammatory breast cancer. RESULTS In a nutshell, the present review encompasses the phytochemistry, pharmacology of this species intending to sensitize the scientific community for future research on this promising plant. Nearly 85 chemical constituents are reported from the plants wherein bark and leaves are enriched with the lupane and oleanane class of triterpene while sesquiterpenes and polyphenolic compounds are predominantly present in the heartwood of the plant. Although phytochemical investigations are being reported since the mid-twentieth century however there has been recent interest in the evaluation of biological activities such as anti-inflammatory, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-viral, etc. CONCLUSION: In conclusion, a systematic phytochemical analysis and pharmacological exploration in close collaboration for establishing the therapeutic potential of the chemical constituents present in P. santalinus is recommended to substantiate the traditional claims for bringing it into the mainstream pharmaceutical and commercial utilization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Dahat
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India; Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Priyanka Saha
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India
| | - J T Mathew
- West Bengal Forest Department, Kolkata, India
| | - Sushil K Chaudhary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, DIT University, Mussoorie-Diversion Road, Makkawala, Dehradun, 248009, Uttarakhand, India; Institute of Bioresources & Sustainable Development, Takyelpat, Imphal, Manipur, India.
| | - Amit K Srivastava
- Cancer Biology & Inflammatory Disorder Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India.
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Organic and Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology (IICB), 4, Raja SC Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, India.
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Multi-Step Subcritical Water Extracts of Fucus vesiculosus L. and Codium tomentosum Stackhouse: Composition, Health-Benefits and Safety. Processes (Basel) 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/pr9050893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Mental health and active aging are two of the main concerns in the 21st century. To search for new neuroprotective compounds, extracts of Codium tomentosum Stackhouse and Fucus vesiculosus L. were obtained through multi-step (four step) subcritical water extraction using a temperature gradient. The safety assessment of the extracts was performed by screening pharmaceutical compounds and pesticides by UHPLC-MS/MS, and iodine and arsenic levels by ICP-MS. Although the extracts were free of pharmaceutical compounds and pesticides, the presence of arsenic and high iodine contents were found in the first two extraction steps. Thus, the health-benefits were only evaluated for the fractions obtained in steps 3 and 4 from the extraction process. These fractions were tested against five brain enzymes implicated in Alzheimer’s, Parkinson’s, and major depression etiology as well as against reactive oxygen and nitrogen species, having been observed a strong enzyme inhibition and radical scavenging activities for the step 4 fractions from both seaweed species. Regarding the variation of the chemical composition during the extraction, step 1 fractions were the richest in phenolic compounds. With the increase in temperature, Maillard reaction, caramelization and thermo-oxidation occurred, and the resulting products positively affected the antioxidant capacity and the neuroprotective effects.
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Gholami M, Jafari F, Baradaran Z, Amri J, Azhdari-Zarmehri H, Sadegh M. Effects of aqueous extract of Hyssopus officinalis on seizures induced by pentylenetetrazole and hippocampus mRNA level of iNOS in rats. AVICENNA JOURNAL OF PHYTOMEDICINE 2020; 10:213-221. [PMID: 32523876 PMCID: PMC7256281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We examined the effectiveness of Hyssopus officinalis (hyssop) aqueous extract on pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced acute seizures and the hippocampus iNOS (inducible nitric oxide synthases) gene expression as a potential mediator of the effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS Adult male Wistar rats were used. Tonic-clonic seizures were induced by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of PTZ (80 mg/kg) then behavioral profile during 30 min was characterized by stages defined as seizure scores. Hyssop extract were prepared and injected (i.p.) 15 minutes before the seizure induction at three doses 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg. Experimental groups were as below: (1) saline+PTZ (n=5); (2) Hyssop 50mg/kg+PTZ (n=10); (3) Hyssop 100mg/kg+PTZ (n=10); (4) Hyssop 200 mg/kg+PTZ (n=8). Two hours after the experimental procedure, all animals were decapitated, brain was removed and right hippocampus was quickly dissected. After total RNA extraction and cDNA synthesis quantitative PCR were used for gene expression of iNOS. RESULTS Our results showed significant increase (p<0.05) in latency to reach stages 5 and 6 of tonic-clonic seizure at dose 100 mg/kg hyssop extract. In addition, this dose caused significant increase in the gene expression of iNOS in the hippocampus. CONCLUSION It seems a 100 mg/kg dose of hyssop extract might have anticonvulsant effects. However, these anticonvulsant effects might not occur through the iNOS gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoumeh Gholami
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
| | - Faranak Jafari
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
| | - Zahra Baradaran
- Student Research Committee, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
| | - Jamal Amri
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.
| | - Hassan Azhdari-Zarmehri
- Neuroscience Research Center, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.,Department of Physiology, School of Paramedical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh University of Medical Sciences, Torbat Heydariyeh, Iran.
| | - Mehdi Sadegh
- Traditional and Complementary Medicine Research Center, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran.,Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran. ,Corresponding Author: Tel: +98-8634173502(352), Fax: +98-8634173521,
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Rothenberg DO, Zhang L. Mechanisms Underlying the Anti-Depressive Effects of Regular Tea Consumption. Nutrients 2019; 11:E1361. [PMID: 31212946 PMCID: PMC6627400 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
This article is a comprehensive review of the literature pertaining to the antidepressant effects and mechanisms of regular tea consumption. Meta-data supplemented with recent observational studies were first analyzed to assess the association between tea consumption and depression risk. The literature reported risk ratios (RR) were 0.69 with 95% confidence intervals of 0.62-0.77. Next, we thoroughly reviewed human trials, mouse models, and in vitro experiments to determine the predominant mechanisms underlying the observed linear relationship between tea consumption and reduced risk of depression. Current theories on the neurobiology of depression were utilized to map tea-mediated mechanisms of antidepressant activity onto an integrated framework of depression pathology. The major nodes within the network framework of depression included hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis hyperactivity, inflammation, weakened monoaminergic systems, reduced neurogenesis/neuroplasticity, and poor microbiome diversity affecting the gut-brain axis. We detailed how each node has subsystems within them, including signaling pathways, specific target proteins, or transporters that interface with compounds in tea, mediating their antidepressant effects. A major pathway was found to be the ERK/CREB/BDNF signaling pathway, up-regulated by a number of compounds in tea including teasaponin, L-theanine, EGCG and combinations of tea catechins and their metabolites. Black tea theaflavins and EGCG are potent anti-inflammatory agents via down-regulation of NF-κB signaling. Multiple compounds in tea are effective modulators of dopaminergic activity and the gut-brain axis. Taken together, our findings show that constituents found in all major tea types, predominantly L-theanine, polyphenols and polyphenol metabolites, are capable of functioning through multiple pathways simultaneously to collectively reduce the risk of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dylan O'Neill Rothenberg
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
| | - Lingyun Zhang
- Department of Tea Science, College of Horticulture Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510640, China.
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Subaraja M, Vanisree AJ. The novel phytocomponent asiaticoside-D isolated from Centella asiatica exhibits monoamine oxidase-B inhibiting potential in the rotenone degenerated cerebral ganglions of Lumbricus terrestris. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2019; 58:152833. [PMID: 30903943 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2019.152833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Centella asiatica (CA) is one of the most valuable herbal medicines widely being used for the treatment of various neurological ailments that are challenging for health-care providers and also is deemed to be safe and effective. PURPOSE Monoamines (MAs) are neurotransmitters and neuromodulators that play a significant role in the neural communication, regulation of motor and cognitive functions in the brain. Neurodegeneration is associated with elevated levels of MAO-B that can lead to damaging reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the brain. The current study, evaluated the effects of asiaticoside-D (AD) from neuroprotective CA, on the levels and activities of monoamine oxidase A and B (MAO-A and B), in addition to the behavioral analysis. METHODS Qualitative and quantitative analyses of various solvent extracts of CA were performed. The extracts were screened for antioxidant potential using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryl hydroxyl (DPPH), 2,2'-azinobis-3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) radical, nitric oxide (NO) radical inhibition, lipid peroxidation (LPO) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The purification of AD was done by column, thin layer and high-performance liquid chromatographies followed by structural elucidation using IR, HR-MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectra. Docking studies were performed to assess the impact of AD on MAO-A and B.In vivo, Lumbricus terrestris were exposed to 0.4 ppm rotenone (ROT) of medium for 7 days and were subjected to co-treatment along with 15 ppm of AD from CA. At the end of experiment period, the neuronal behavior of worms was assessed. Cerebral ganglions (CGs) were removed and the m-RNA levels of MAO-A and B were analyzed by Semi Q-PCR and their activities were also analyzed. RESULTS The ethanolic extracts exhibited higher antiradical activity against DPPH, ABTS, H2O2, LPO, FRAP, NO and vitamin C with EC50 value of 20.2, 20.9, 20.4, 22.0, 24.9, 28.1, 25.5 and 22.0 µg/ml respectively. Structural analysis by IR, HR-MS, 1H and 13C NMR spectrum have shown the structure of the isolated compound as (2α, 3β)-2,3-dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oicacid-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-O-β-d-glucopyranosyl (1→6)-β-copyranosyl ester and was represented as AD. In silico interaction of AD with MAO-A and B residues Lys312 at distances of 1.84 Å and 2.44 Å respectively was found to exhibit high binding energy of -9.4 and 7.4 kcal. The neuronal behavior using L. terrestris showed significant improvement against (p < 0.001) ROT impaired behavior (group II) on AD supplementation (p < 0.05). Further, the m-RNA levels and activities of MAO-A and B which were significantly altered (p < 0.001) by ROT could be effectively maintained on AD supplementation. CONCLUSION AD was found to exert its negative impact on the levels and activities of MAO-A and B in CGs of rotenone- induced changes in L. terrestris, the property which is considered to be crucial against ROT induced neurodegenerative pathology like -Parkinsonism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mamangam Subaraja
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai 600 025, India
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Luan L, Shen X, Liu X, Wu Y, Tan M. Qualitative analysis of Psoraleae Fructus by HPLC-DAD/TOF-MS fingerprint and quantitative analysis of multiple components by single marker. Biomed Chromatogr 2017; 32. [PMID: 28777876 DOI: 10.1002/bmc.4059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
A variety of bioactive substances may account for the recognized efficacy and wide clinical application of Psoraleae Fructus in China. A high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD) fingerprint method was developed to present the comprehensive phytochemical profile of the crude drug. Thirteen major compounds were separated and identified by HPLC coupled with time-of-flight mass spectrometry (HPLC/TOF-MS), namely psoralenoside (PO), isopsoralenoside (IPO), psoralen (PS), isopsoralen (IPS), neobavaisoflavone (NBF), bavachin (BC), corylin (CN), bavachromene (BCM), psoralidin (PD), isobavachalcone (IBC), bacachinin (BCN), corylifol A (CA) and bakuchiol (BK). Then quantitative analysis of multiple components by single marker (QAMS) was applied in content determination of PO, IPO, PS, IPS, BC, IBC, BCN, CA and BK, with NBF as the internal standard. The calculation results indicated no significant difference from the traditional external standard method (p > 0.05, RSD < 2.62%), suggesting that QAMS is a reliable and convenient method for content determination of multiple chemical compositions, especially when there is a shortage of reference substances. In conclusion, simultaneous qualitative and quantitative analysis of Psoraleae Fructus may be fulfilled through the newly proposed method of QAMS combined with HPLC-DAD/TOF-MS fingerprint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianjun Luan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Shen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuesong Liu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yongjiang Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Manliang Tan
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Patients on psychotropic medications and herbal supplement combinations: clinical considerations. Int Clin Psychopharmacol 2017; 32:63-71. [PMID: 27902536 DOI: 10.1097/yic.0000000000000158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Populations using herbs and herbal preparations are widespread and growing. As many herbal ingredients exert actions on psychotropic drug targets, psychiatrists should be well informed and aware of potential drug-drug interactions in clinical practice. Reliable and clinically useful information in this area, however, is fragmented, if not deficient. This paper reviewed the clinical aspects of herb-drug interactions, focusing in particular on the monoamine oxidase enzyme and P450 cytochrome enzyme-inhibitory properties of herbs and their potential interference with psychotropic drug actions and clinical judgement.
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Zarmouh NO, Eyunni SK, Soliman KFA. The Benzopyrone Biochanin-A as a reversible, competitive, and selective monoamine oxidase B inhibitor. Altern Ther Health Med 2017; 17:34. [PMID: 28069007 PMCID: PMC5223566 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-016-1525-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background Monoamine oxidase-B (MAO-B) inhibitors are widely used in the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. They increase vital monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain. However, there is a need for safer natural reversible MAO inhibitors with MAO-B selectivity. Our previous studies showed that Psoralea corylifolia seeds (PCS) extract contains compounds that inhibit monoamine oxidase-B. Methods In this study, six of PCS constituents sharing a benzopyrone structure were investigated. The compounds Biochanin-A (BIO-A), isopsoralen, 6-prenylnaringenin, neobavaisoflavone, psoralen, and psoralidin, were tested for their ability to inhibit recombinant human MAO-A and B (hMAO-A and hMAO-B) isozymes. The ability of these compounds to inhibit MAO-A and MAO-B were compared to that of PCS ethanolic extract (PCSEE) using spectrophotometric assays and confirmed by luminescence assays. The highly potent and selective MAO-B inhibitor, BIO-A, was further investigated for both isozymes reversibility and enzyme kinetics. Molecular docking studies were used to predict the bioactive conformation and molecular interactions of BIO-A with both isozymes. Results The data obtained indicate that benzopyrones inhibited hMAO-A and hMAO-B with different degrees as confirmed with the luminescence assay. BIO-A inhibited hMAO-B with high potency and selectivity in the present study (IC50 = 0.003 μg/mL) and showing 38-fold more selectivity than PCSEE (hMAO-B IC50 = 3.03 μg/mL, 17-fold selectivity) without affecting hydrogen peroxide. Furthermore, BIO-A reversibly and competitively inhibited both hMAOs with significantly lower inhibitory constant (Ki) in hMAO-B (3.8 nM) than hMAO-A (99.3 nM). Our docking studies indicated that the H-bonds and hydrophobic interactions at the human MAO-A and MAO-B active sites contributed to the reversibility and selectivity of BIO-A. Conclusions The data obtained indicate that BIO-A is a potent, reversible and selective MAO-B inhibitor and may be recommended for further investigation in its possible use in the therapeutic management of Parkinson’s and Alzheimer’s diseases.
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Antioxidant-Rich Fraction of Urtica dioica Mediated Rescue of Striatal Mito-Oxidative Damage in MPTP-Induced Behavioral, Cellular, and Neurochemical Alterations in Rats. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:5632-5645. [PMID: 27624385 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-0084-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/24/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) having a complex and multi-factorial neuropathology includes mainly the degeneration of the dopaminergic nigrostriatal pathway, which is a cumulative effect of depleted endogenous antioxidant enzymes, increased oxidative DNA damage, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation. The present study was designed to investigate the neuroprotective effect of a potent antioxidant from Urtica dioica in a 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) model of parkinsonism. MPTP was administered intranigrally for the induction of PD in male Wistar rats. Behavioral alterations were assessed in between the study period. Animals were sacrificed immediately after behavioral session, and different biochemical, cellular, and neurochemical parameters were measured. Intranigrally repeated administration of MPTP showed significant impairment of motor co-ordination and marked increase of mito-oxidative damage and neuroinflammation in rats. Intranigral MPTP significantly decreases the dopamine and its metabolites with impairment of dopaminergic cell density in rat brain. However, post-treatment with the potent antioxidant fraction of Urtica dioica Linn. (UD) (20, 40, 80 mg/kg) improved the motor function, mito-oxidative defense alteration significantly and dose dependently in MPTP-treated rats. In addition, the potent antioxidant fraction of UD attenuated the pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-β) and restored the level of dopamine and its metabolites in MPTP-induced PD in rats. Moreover, minocycline (30 mg/kg) with lower dose of UD (20 mg/kg) had significantly potentiated the protective effect of minocycline as compared to its effect with other individual drug-treated groups. In conclusion, Urtica dioica protected the dopaminergic neurons probably by reducing mito-oxidative damage, neuroinflammation, and cellular alteration along with enhanced neurotrophic potential. The above results revealed that the antioxidant rich fraction of UD contain flavonoids and phenolic compounds, which have a promising approach in therapeutics of PD.
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Andrade JMDM, Biegelmeyer R, Dresch RR, Maurmann N, Pranke P, Henriques AT. In vitro Antioxidant and Enzymatic Approaches to Evaluate Neuroprotector Potential of Blechnum Extracts without Cytotoxicity to Human Stem Cells. Pharmacogn Mag 2016; 12:171-7. [PMID: 27601845 PMCID: PMC4989790 DOI: 10.4103/0973-1296.186349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Investigation of selected plant extracts on multi-targets related to neurodegeneration, such as monoamine oxidases (MAO), cholinesterase enzymes, and antioxidant activities (AOA) is a useful tool for identification of new scaffolds. OBJECTIVE This work investigated biological effects of three Blechnum methanol extracts from Brazil and chemical profile of the most active sample. MATERIALS AND METHODS AOA included scavenging of hydroxyl and nitric oxide radicals, also lipid peroxidation inhibition. Enzymatic modulation of Blechnum binervatum, Blechnum brasiliense, and Blechnum occidentale extracts on MAO and cholinesterases was conducted. Moreover, total phenol content was performed with all samples, and high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection mass spectrometry HPLC-DAD-MS analysis was carried out with B. brasiliense. Possible toxic effects were evaluated on Wistar rats polymorphonuclear cells (PMN) and human stem cells. RESULTS B. brasiliense extract presented the highest phenolic amount (9.25 g gallic acid equivalent/100 g extract) and lowest IC50 values (112.3 ± 2.61 and 176.1 ± 1.19 μg/mL) against hydroxyl radicals and on lipid peroxidation, respectively, showing strong AO effects. On nitric oxide assay and cholinesterase inhibition, all extracts were considered inactive. MAO-A selective action was evidenced, being B. brasiliense powerful against this enzyme (IC50: 72.7 μg/mL), followed by B. occidentale and B. binervatum (IC50: 130.85 and 165.2 μg/mL). No cytotoxic effects were observed on PMN and human stem cells treated with Blechnum extracts. HPLC-DAD-MS analysis of B. brasiliense allowed the identification of chlorogenic and rosmarinic acids. CONCLUSION Our results especially highlight B. brasiliense, with pronounced phenols content and strong effects on selected targets related to neurodegeneration, being characterized as a natural safe source of bioactive hydroxycinnamic acids. SUMMARY Blechnum crude extracts showed high phenolic amounts and valuable IC50 values on targets related with neurodegenerative disordersBlechnum brasiliense was the most active sample, with strong radical scavenging and lipid peroxidation inhibition, also with monoamine oxidases: A selective modulationNo cytotoxic effects were observed on polymorphonuclear cells rat cells and human stem cells treated with Blechnum extractsHigh-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detection-mass spectrometry analysis of Blechnum brasiliense allowed the identification of hydroxycinnamic derivatives: Chlorogenic and rosmarinic acids. Abbreviations used: IC50: half maximal inhibitory concentration; MAO: monoamine oxidase; MAO-A: monoamine oxidase isoform A; MAO-B: monoamine oxidase isoform B; HO•: hydroxyl radical.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Renata Biegelmeyer
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Roger Remy Dresch
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Natasha Maurmann
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Pranke
- Hematology and Stem Cell Laboratory, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Stem Cell Research Institute, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Amélia T Henriques
- Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, School of Pharmacy, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
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Zarmouh NO, Messeha SS, Elshami FM, Soliman KFA. Natural Products Screening for the Identification of Selective Monoamine Oxidase-B Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 15. [PMID: 27341283 PMCID: PMC4898948 DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2016/26453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims Monoamine oxidase-B inhibitors (MAO-BIs) are used for the initial therapy of Parkinson’s disease. Also, MAO-BIs have shown to be effective neuroprotective agents in several neurodegenerative diseases. However, some concerns exist regarding the long-term use of these compounds. Meanwhile, natural compounds showed potential MAO-B selective inhibitions. To date, few selective natural MAO-BIs have been identified. Therefore, the current study is designed to identify plants with potent and specific MAO-B inhibition. Study Design In this work, we utilized high throughput screening to evaluate the different plants ethanolic extract for their effectiveness to inhibit recombinant human (h)MAO-A and hMAO-B and to determine the relative selectivity of the top MAO-BI. Methodology Recombinant human isozymes were verified by Western blotting, and the 155 plants were screened. A continuous fluorometric screening assay was performed followed by two separate hMAO-A and hMAO-B microtiter screenings and IC50 determinations for the top extracts. Results In the screened plants, 9% of the extracts showed more than 1.5-fold relative inhibition of hMAO-B (RIB) and another 9% showed more than 1.5-fold relative inhibition of hMAO-A. The top extracts with the most potent RIBs were Psoralea corylifolia seeds, Phellodendron amurense bark, Glycyrrhiza uralensis roots, and Ferula assafoetida roots, with the highest RIB of 5.9-fold. Furthermore, extensive maceration of the promising extracts led to increase inhibitory effects with a preserved RIB as confirmed with luminescence assay. The top four extracts hMAO-BIs were equally potent (IC50= 1.3 to 3.8 μg/mL) with highly significant relative selectivities to inhibit hMAO-B (4.1- to 13.4-fold). Conclusion The obtained results indicate that Psoralea corylifolia seeds, Ferula assafoetida, Glycyrrhiza uralensis roots, and Phellodendron amurense ethanolic extracts have selective inhibitions for human MAO-B. Investigating these plant extracts as natural resources for novel selective MAO-BIs may lead to the development of molecules that can be used in the therapeutic management of neurodegenerative diseases including Parkinson’s disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najla O Zarmouh
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - Samia S Messeha
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - Faisel M Elshami
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - Karam F A Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
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Wei B, Yang ZD, Shi DF, Yao XJ, Wang MG. Inhibition of Monoamine Oxidase by Stilbenes from Rheum palmatum. IRANIAN JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL RESEARCH : IJPR 2016; 15:885-892. [PMID: 28243286 PMCID: PMC5316268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Seven stilbenes and one catechin were bioactivity-guidedly isolated from the rhizomes of Rheum palmatem. Their structures were identified as piceatannol (1), resveratrol (2), piceid (3), rhapontigenin (4), piceatannol-3´-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (5), rhaponticin (6), catechin (7) and desoxyrhapontigenin (8). Anti-monoamine oxidase (MAO) activities of compounds 1-8 were tested. Compounds 1 and 8 showed significant MAO inhibitory activities with IC50 values 16.4 ± 1.5 μM and 11.5 ± 1.1, respectively, when the IC50 value of iproniazid as a standard was 6.5 ± 0.5 μM. The selectivity of compounds 1-8 against MAO-A and MAO-B were also evaluated. The results showed that compounds 4˴6˴8 preferred to inhibit MAO-A rather than MAO-B with selectivity values ([IC50 of MAO-B]/ [IC50 of MAO-A]) of 4.74, 10.01 and 9.42, respectively. The preliminary structure-activity relationships (SARs) of these compounds were discussed and the molecular modeling was also performed to explore the binding mode of inhibitors at the active site of MAO-A and MAO-B.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wei
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
| | - Zhong-Duo Yang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.,Wenzhou Research Institute of Pump and Valve Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Wenzhou 325105, PR China. ,Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - Dan-Feng Shi
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.
| | - Xiao-Jun Yao
- Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, PR China.,Corresponding author: E-mail:
| | - Ming-Gang Wang
- School of Life Science and Engineering, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou 730050, PR China.
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Ojha S, Javed H, Azimullah S, Abul Khair SB, Haque ME. Glycyrrhizic acid Attenuates Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Rotenone Model of Parkinson's Disease. Neurotox Res 2015; 29:275-87. [PMID: 26607911 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-015-9579-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 11/01/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting humans. It is characterized by dopaminergic neurodegeneration, mitochondrial impairment, and oxidative stress, enhanced lipid peroxidation, and induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. We evaluated the neuroprotective efficacy of glycyrrhizic acid (GA), an active component of licorice, against rotenone-induced-oxidative stress and neuroinflammation in a PD rat model. Since PD is progressive and chronic, we investigated the effect of chronic administration of GA for 4 weeks (50 mg/kg/day), 30 min prior to rotenone administration. Rotenone administration significantly reduced the activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase, and caused the depletion of reduced glutathione. A concomitant increase in the levels of the lipid peroxidation product malondialdehyde was observed. It also significantly enhanced the levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines in the midbrain and elevated the levels of inflammatory mediators such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS). Immunohistochemical analysis revealed significant increments in ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule-1 (Iba-1) levels, and in glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) levels, and loss of dopamine neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta upon rotenone challenge. GA treatment significantly attenuated the dopamine neuron loss and decreased the Iba-1 and GFAP activation induced by the rotenone insult. GA also improved antioxidant enzyme activity, prevented glutathione depletion, inhibited lipid peroxidation, and attenuated induction of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Subsequently, GA attenuated the increased levels of the inflammatory mediators COX-2 and iNOS. In conclusion, GA protects against rotenone-induced-PD. The neuroprotective effects of GA are attributed to its potent antioxidative and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shreesh Ojha
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box - 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Hayate Javed
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box - 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Sheikh Azimullah
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box - 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Salema B Abul Khair
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box - 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - M Emdadul Haque
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, PO Box - 17666, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates.
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Evaluation of the Inhibitory Effects of Bavachinin and Bavachin on Human Monoamine Oxidases A and B. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:852194. [PMID: 26557867 PMCID: PMC4629031 DOI: 10.1155/2015/852194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 09/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Monoamine oxidase B inhibitors (MAO-BIs) are used in the early management of Parkinson's disease (PD). Long-term suspected side effects of MAO-B classical inhibitors established the need for safer alternative therapeutic agents. In our study, the flavanone bavachinin (BNN) and its analog bavachin (BVN) found in the seeds of Psoralea corylifolia L. ethanolic extract (PCSEE) were investigated for their human MAO-A and MAO-B (hMAO-A and hMAO-B) inhibition. Both PCSEE and BNN effectively reduced hMAO-B activity more than hMAO-A while BVN had activating effects. BNN showed selective hMAO-B inhibition (IC50 ~ 8.82 μM) more than hMAO-A (IC502009;~ 189.28 μM). BNN in the crude extract was determined by HPLC, also validated by TLC showing a yield of 0.21% PCSEE dry weight. BNN competitively inhibited hMAO-A and hMAO-B, with a lower hMAO-B Ki than hMAO-A Ki by 10.33-fold, and reduced hMAO-B Km/Vmax efficiency ratio to be comparable to the standard selegiline. Molecular docking examination of BNN and BVN predicted an indirect role of BNN C7-methoxy group for its higher affinity, selectivity, and reversibility as an MAO-BI. These findings suggest that BNN, which is known to be a potent PPAR-γ agonist, is a selective and competitive hMAO-B inhibitor and could be used in the management of PD.
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Hosseinzadeh H, Nassiri-Asl M. Pharmacological Effects of Glycyrrhiza spp. and Its Bioactive Constituents: Update and Review. Phytother Res 2015; 29:1868-86. [PMID: 26462981 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5487] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2015] [Revised: 07/25/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The roots and rhizomes of various species of the perennial herb licorice (Glycyrrhiza) are used in traditional medicine for the treatment of several diseases. In experimental and clinical studies, licorice has been shown to have several pharmacological properties including antiinflammatory, antiviral, antimicrobial, antioxidative, antidiabetic, antiasthma, and anticancer activities as well as immunomodulatory, gastroprotective, hepatoprotective, neuroprotective, and cardioprotective effects. In recent years, several of the biochemical, molecular, and cellular mechanisms of licorice and its active components have also been demonstrated in experimental studies. In this review, we summarized the new phytochemical, pharmacological, and toxicological data from recent experimental and clinical studies of licorice and its bioactive constituents after our previous published review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Hosseinzadeh
- Pharmaceutical Research Center, Department of Pharmacodynamics and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Marjan Nassiri-Asl
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, P.O. Box: 341197-5981, Qazvin, Iran
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Jiang B, Li S, Liu W, Yang Y, Chen W, He D, Cheng X, Wang Z, Chen W, Wang C. Inhibitive activities detection of monoamine oxidases (MAO) A and B inhibitors in human liver MAO incubations by UPLC-ESI-MS/MS. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 115:283-91. [PMID: 26263056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.07.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2015] [Revised: 07/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A sensitive UPLC-ESI-MS/MS method was developed for determining and screening of inhibitors of monoamine oxidase (MAO) by using mix MAO enzymes prepared from human liver. 5-Hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 2-phenethylamine (2-PEA) were used as substrates for MAO-A and MAO-B in incubations, and 5-hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid (5-HIAA) and phenylacetic acid (PAA) resulting from 5-HT and 2-PEA were used as markers to evaluate inhibitive activities of test compounds on MAO-A and MAO-B. Proper separation was achieved for positive multiple reaction monitoring of 5-HIAA (m/z 192.1→146.1) and negative multiple reaction monitoring PAA (m/z 135.0→91.0) via isocratic elution (0.1% fromic acid:acetonitrile=60:40) on a HSS T3 column following a simple precipitation of proteins for sample treatment. The relative standard deviations of intra- and inter-day precisions were ranged from 1.74% to 6.76% and 0.77% to 9.35%. The mean accuracies for the quality control samples were 101.37±6.60% and 101.39±2.85%, respectively. This method exhibited characteristics of small total reaction volume (100μl), short analysis time (3.5min), highly sensitivity, low cost and without matrix effect (103.56±2.33% to 112.63±8.57% for 5-HIAA and 105.68±8.75% to 112.76±4.67% for PAA). The developed method was successfully applied for detection of the MAO-A and MAO-B inhibitive activities by model drugs, including pargyline, clorgyline, as well as β-carboline alkaloids from Peganum harmala.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Jiang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China; Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Shuping Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yadi Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wenxia Chen
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Dandan He
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xuemei Cheng
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Zhengtao Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wansheng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, China.
| | - Changhong Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, The MOE Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines and The SATCM Key Laboratory for New Resources and Quality Evaluation of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai R&D Centre for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, Shanghai 201203, China.
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Choi MJ, Choi BT, Shin HK, Shin BC, Han YK, Baek JU. Establishment of a comprehensive list of candidate antiaging medicinal herb used in korean medicine by text mining of the classical korean medical literature, "dongeuibogam," and preliminary evaluation of the antiaging effects of these herbs. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2015; 2015:873185. [PMID: 25861371 PMCID: PMC4377522 DOI: 10.1155/2015/873185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The major objectives of this study were to provide a list of candidate antiaging medicinal herbs that have been widely utilized in Korean medicine and to organize preliminary data for the benefit of experimental and clinical researchers to develop new drug therapies by analyzing previous studies. "Dongeuibogam," a representative source of the Korean medicine literature, was selected to investigate candidate antiaging medicinal herbs and to identify appropriate terms that describe the specific antiaging effects that these herbs are predicted to elicit. In addition, we aimed to review previous studies that referenced the selected candidate antiaging medicinal herbs. From our chosen source, "Dongeuibogam," we were able to screen 102 terms describing antiaging effects, which were further classified into 11 subtypes. Ninety-seven candidate antiaging medicinal herbs were selected using the criterion that their antiaging effects were described using the same terms as those employed in "Dongeuibogam." These candidates were classified into 11 subtypes. Of the 97 candidate antiaging medicinal herbs selected, 47 are widely used by Korean medical doctors in Korea and were selected for further analysis of their antiaging effects. Overall, we found an average of 7.7 previous studies per candidate herb that described their antiaging effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Moo Jin Choi
- Division of Humanities and Social Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Tae Choi
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Hwa Kyoung Shin
- Division of Meridian and Structural Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung Cheul Shin
- Department of Korean Rehabilitation Medicine, Pusan National University Korean Medicine Hospital, Yangsan 626-789, Republic of Korea
| | - Yoo Kyoung Han
- Division of Humanities and Social Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Ung Baek
- Division of Humanities and Social Medicine, School of Korean Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan 626-870, Republic of Korea
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HPLC–DAD analysis and in vitro enzyme inhibition: An integrated approach to predict herbal binary mixture behaviour employing median effect equation. Microchem J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2014.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Zia-Ul-Haq M, Riaz M, De Feo V, Jaafar HZE, Moga M. Rubus fruticosus L.: constituents, biological activities and health related uses. Molecules 2014; 19:10998-1029. [PMID: 25072202 PMCID: PMC6271759 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190810998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rubus fruticosus L. is a shrub famous for its fruit called blackberry fruit or more commonly blackberry. The fruit has medicinal, cosmetic and nutritive value. It is a concentrated source of valuable nutrients, as well as bioactive constituents of therapeutic interest highlighting its importance as a functional food. Besides use as a fresh fruit, it is also used as ingredient in cooked dishes, salads and bakery products like jams, snacks, desserts, and fruit preserves. R. fruticosus contains vitamins, steroids and lipids in seed oil and minerals, flavonoids, glycosides, terpenes, acids and tannins in aerial parts that possess diverse pharmacological activities such as antioxidant, anti-carcinogenic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial anti-diabetic, anti-diarrheal, and antiviral. Various agrogeoclimatological factors like cultivar, environmental conditions of the area, agronomic practices employed, harvest time, post-harvest storage and processing techniques all influence the nutritional composition of blackberry fruit. This review focuses on the nutrients and chemical constituents as well as medicinal properties of different parts of R. fruticosus. Various cultivars and their physicochemical characteristics, polyphenolic content and ascorbic acid content are also discussed. The information in the present work will serve as baseline data and may lead to new biomedical applications of R. fruticosus as functional food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Zia-Ul-Haq
- The Patent Office, Kandawala Building, M.A. Jinnah Road, Karachi-74400, Pakistan.
| | - Muhammad Riaz
- Department of Pharmacy, Shaheed Benazir Bhutto University, Sheringal, Dir Upper-2500, Pakistan.
| | - Vincenzo De Feo
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Sciences, University of Salerno, Salerno 84100, Italy.
| | - Hawa Z E Jaafar
- Department of Crop Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University Putra Malaysia, Selangor, 43400, Malaysia.
| | - Marius Moga
- Department of Medicine, Transilvania University of Brasov, Brasov 500036 Romania.
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Verma V, Singh N, Jaggi AS. Sodium-hydrogen exchanger inhibitory potential of Malus domestica, Musa × paradisiaca, Daucus carota, and Symphytum officinale. J Basic Clin Physiol Pharmacol 2014; 25:99-108. [PMID: 24184990 DOI: 10.1515/jbcpp-2013-0088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The involvement of sodium-hydrogen exchangers (NHE) has been described in the pathophysiology of diseases including ischemic heart and brain diseases, cardiomyopathy, congestive heart failure, epilepsy, dementia, and neuropathic pain. Synthetic NHE inhibitors have not achieved much clinical success; therefore, plant-derived phytoconstituents may be explored as NHE inhibitors. METHODS In the present study, the NHE inhibitory potential of hydroalcoholic and alkaloidal fractions of Malus domestica, Musa × paradisiaca, Daucus carota, and Symphytum officinale was evaluated. The different concentrations of hydroalcoholic and alkaloidal extracts of the selected plants were evaluated for their NHE inhibitory activity in the platelets using the optical swelling assay. RESULTS Among the hydroalcoholic extracts, the highest NHE inhibitory activity was shown by M. domestica (IC50=2.350 ± 0.132 μg/mL) followed by Musa × paradisiaca (IC50=7.967 ± 0.451 μg/mL), D. carota (IC50=37.667 ± 2.517 μg/mL), and S. officinale (IC50=249.330 ± 1.155 μg/mL). Among the alkaloidal fractions, the highest NHE inhibitory activity was shown by the alkaloidal fraction of Musa × paradisiacal (IC50=0.010 ± 0.001 μg/mL) followed by D. carota (IC50=0.024 ± 0.002 μg/mL), M. domestica (IC50=0.031 ± 0.005 μg/mL), and S. officinale (IC50=4.233 ± 0.379 μg/mL). The IC50 of alkaloidal fractions was comparable to the IC50 of synthetic NHE inhibitor, EIPA [5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride] (IC50=0.033 ± 0.004 μg/mL). CONCLUSIONS It may be concluded that the alkaloidal fractions of these plants possess potent NHE inhibitory activity and may be exploited for their therapeutic potential in NHE activation-related pathological complications.
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Deiab S, Mazzio E, Messeha S, Mack N, Soliman KFA. High-Throughput Screening to Identify Plant Derived Human LDH-A Inhibitors. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 3:603-615. [PMID: 24478981 PMCID: PMC3903096 DOI: 10.9734/ejmp/2013/5995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Aims Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)-A is highly expressed in diverse human malignant tumors, parallel to aggressive metastatic disease, resistance to radiation/chemotherapy and clinically poor outcome. Although this enzyme constitutes a plausible target in treatment of advanced cancer, there are few known LDH-A inhibitors. Study Design In this work, we utilized a high-throughput enzyme micro-array format to screen and evaluate > 900 commonly used medicinal plant extracts (0.00001-.5 mg/ml) for capacity to inhibit activity of recombinant full length human LDHA; EC .1.1.1.27. Methodology The protein sequence of purified enzyme was confirmed using 1D gel electrophoresis- MALDI-TOF-MS/MS, enzyme activity was validated by oxidation of NADH (500μM) and kinetic inhibition established in the presence of a known inhibitor (Oxalic Acid). Results Of the natural extracts tested, the lowest IC50s [<0.001 mg/ml] were obtained by: Chinese Gallnut (Melaphis chinensis gallnut), Bladderwrack (Fucus vesiculosus), Kelp (Laminaria Japonica) and Babul (Acacia Arabica). Forty-six additional herbs contained significant LDH-A inhibitory properties with IC50s [<0.07 mg/ml], some of which have common names of Arjun, Pipsissewa, Cinnamon, Pink Rose Buds/Petals, Wintergreen, Cat’s Claw, Witch Hazel Root and Rhodiola Root. Conclusion These findings reflect relative potency by rank of commonly used herbs and plants that contain human LDH-A inhibitory properties. Future research will be required to isolate chemical constituents within these plants responsible for LDH-A inhibition and investigate potential therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Deiab
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - E Mazzio
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - S Messeha
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - N Mack
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
| | - K F A Soliman
- College of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Florida A & M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA
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