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Acquaviva A, Nilofar, Bouyahya A, Zengin G, Di Simone SC, Recinella L, Leone S, Brunetti L, Uba AI, Cakilcioğlu U, Polat R, Darendelioglu E, Menghini L, Ferrante C, Libero ML, Orlando G, Chiavaroli A. Chemical Characterization of Different Extracts from Artemisia annua and Their Antioxidant, Enzyme Inhibitory and Anti-Inflammatory Properties. Chem Biodivers 2023; 20:e202300547. [PMID: 37306942 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202300547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Artemisia annua L. (Asteraceae Family) is an important plant in Asia that has been used for treating different diseases, including fever due to malaria, wounds, tubercolisis, scabues, pain, convulsions, diabetes, and inflammation. In this study we aimed to evaluate the effects of different polarity extracts (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, ethanol/water (70 %) and water) from A. annua against the burden of inflammation and oxidative stress occurring in colon tissue exposed to LPS. In parallel, chemical composition, antiradical, and enzyme inhibition effects against α-amylase, α-glucosidase, tyrosinase, and cholinesterases were evaluated. The water extract contained the highest content of the total phenolic with 34.59 mg gallic acid equivalent (GAE)/g extract, while the hexane had the highest content of the total flavonoid (20.06 mg rutin equivalent (RE)/g extract). In antioxidant assays, the polar extracts (ethanol, ethanol/water and water) exhibited stronger radical scavenging and reducing power abilities when compared to non-polar extracts. The hexane extract showed the best AChE, tyrosinase and glucosidase inhibitory effects. All extracts revealed effective anti-inflammatory agents, as demonstrated by the blunting effects on COX-2 and TNFα gene expression. These effects seemed to be not related to the only phenolic content. However, it is worthy of interest to highlight how the higher potency against LPS-induced gene expression was shown by the water extract ; thus suggesting a potential phytotherapy application in the management of clinical symptoms related to inflammatory colon diseases, although future in vivo studies are needed to confirm such in vitro and ex vivo observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Acquaviva
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Nilofar
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Abdelhakim Bouyahya
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Biology, Mohammed V University in Rabat, 1014, Rabat, Morocco
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130, Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul AREL University, 34537, Istanbul, Türkiye
| | - Ugur Cakilcioğlu
- Munzur University, Pertek Sakine Genç Vocational School, Tunceli, Pertek, 62500, Turkey
| | - Rıdvan Polat
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bingol University, Bingöl, 12000, Turkey
| | - Ekrem Darendelioglu
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Science and Art Faculty, Bingol University, Bingöl, 12000, Turkey
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Loreta Libero
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Chiavaroli A, Libero ML, Di Simone SC, Acquaviva A, Nilofar, Recinella L, Leone S, Brunetti L, Cicia D, Izzo AA, Orlando G, Zengin G, Uba AI, Cakilcioğlu U, Mukemre M, Elkiran O, Menghini L, Ferrante C. Adding New Scientific Evidences on the Pharmaceutical Properties of Pelargonium quercetorum Agnew Extracts by Using In Vitro and In Silico Approaches. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1132. [PMID: 36903991 PMCID: PMC10005478 DOI: 10.3390/plants12051132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
Pelargonium quercetorum is a medicinal plant traditionally used for treating intestinal worms. In the present study, the chemical composition and bio-pharmacological properties of P. quercetorum extracts were investigated. Enzyme inhibition and scavenging/reducing properties of water, methanol, and ethyl acetate extracts were assayed. The extracts were also studied in an ex vivo experimental model of colon inflammation, and in this context the gene expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) were assayed. Additionally, in colon cancer HCT116 cells, the gene expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M (melastatin) member 8 (TRPM8), possibly involved in colon carcinogenesis, was conducted as well. The extracts showed a different qualitative and quantitative content of phytochemicals, with water and methanol extracts being richer in total phenols and flavonoids, among which are flavonol glycosides and hydroxycinnamic acids. This could explain, at least in part, the higher antioxidant effects shown by methanol and water extracts, compared with ethyl acetate extract. By contrast, the ethyl acetate was more effective as cytotoxic agent against colon cancer cells, and this could be related, albeit partially, to the content of thymol and to its putative ability to downregulate TRPM8 gene expression. Additionally, the ethyl acetate extract was effective in inhibiting the gene expression of COX-2 and TNFα in isolated colon tissue exposed to LPS. Overall, the present results support future studies for investigating protective effects against gut inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Maria Loreta Libero
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Alessandra Acquaviva
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Nilofar
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Donatella Cicia
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Angelo Antonio Izzo
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, 42130 Konya, Turkey
| | - Abdullahi Ibrahim Uba
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul AREL University, 34537 Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ugur Cakilcioğlu
- Pertek Sakine Genç Vocational School, Munzur University, 62500 Pertek, Turkey
| | - Muzaffer Mukemre
- Department of Plant and Animal Production, Yuksekova Vocational School, Hakkari University, 30100 Hakkari, Turkey
| | - Omer Elkiran
- Department of Environmental Health, Vocational School of Health Services, Sinop University, 57000 Sinop, Turkey
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, “G. d’Annunzio” University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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Ethyl Acetate Fraction of Harpagophytum procumbens Prevents Oxidative Stress In Vitro and Amphetamine-Induced Alterations in Mice Behavior. Neurochem Res 2023; 48:1716-1727. [PMID: 36648708 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03846-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Microglial activation has been associated to the physiopathology of neurodegenerative diseases, such as schizophrenia, and can occur during inflammation and oxidative stress. Pharmacological treatment is associated with severe side effects, and studies for use of plant extracts may offer alternatives with lower toxicity. Harpagophytum procumbens (HP) is a plant known for its anti-inflammatory properties. In the present study, we characterized the ethyl acetate fraction of HP (EAF HP) by ESI-ToF-MS and investigated the effects EAF HP in a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induced inflammation model on microglial cells (BV-2 lineage). MTT (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide), DCFH-DA (2',7'-dichlorofluorescein diacetate) and cell cycle flow cytometer analysis were performed. In vivo was investigated the amphetamine-induced psychosis model through behavioral (locomotor and exploratory activities, stereotypies and working memory) and biochemical (DCFH-DA oxidation and protein thiols) parameters in cortex and striatum of mice. EAF HP reduced activation and proliferation of microglial cells in 48 h (300 µg/mL) and in 72 h after treatments (50-500 µg/mL). Reactive oxygen species levels were lower at the concentration of 100 µg/mL EAF HP. We detected a modulatory effect on the cell cycle, with reduction of cells in S and G2/M phases. In mice, the pre-treatment with EAF HP, for 7 days, protected against positive and cognitive symptoms, as well as stereotypies induced by amphetamine. No oxidative stress was observed in this amphetamine-induced model of psychosis. Such findings suggest that EAF HP can modulate the dopaminergic neurotransmission and be a promising adjuvant in the treatment of locomotor alterations, cognitive deficits, and neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Gxaba N, Manganyi MC. The Fight against Infection and Pain: Devil’s Claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) a Rich Source of Anti-Inflammatory Activity: 2011–2022. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113637. [PMID: 35684573 PMCID: PMC9182060 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Harpagophytum procumbens subsp. procumbens (Burch.) DC. ex Meisn. (Sesame seed Family—Pedaliaceae) is a popular medicinal plant known as Devil’s claw. It is predominantly distributed widely over southern Africa. Its impressive reputation is embedded in its traditional uses as an indigenous herbal plant for the treatment of menstrual problems, bitter tonic, inflammation febrifuge, syphilis or even loss of appetite. A number of bioactive compounds such as terpenoids, iridoid glycosides, glycosides, and acetylated phenolic compounds have been isolated. Harpagoside and harpagide, iridoid glycosides bioactive compounds have been reported in countless phytochemical studies as potential anti-inflammatory agents as well as pain relievers. In-depth studies have associated chronic inflammation with various diseases, such as Alzheimer’s disease, obesity, rheumatoid arthritis, type 2 diabetes, cancer, and cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases. In addition, 60% of chronic disorder fatalities are due to chronic inflammatory diseases worldwide. Inflammation and pain-related disorders have attracted significant attention as leading causes of global health challenges. Articles published from 2011 to the present were obtained and reviewed in-depth to determine valuable data findings as well as knowledge gaps. Various globally recognized scientific search engines/databases including Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect were utilized to collect information and deliver evidence. Based on the literature results, there was a dramatic decrease in the number of studies conducted on the anti-inflammatory and analgesic activity of Devil’s claw, thereby presenting a potential research gap. It is also evident that currently in vivo clinical studies are needed to validate the prior massive in vitro studies, therefore delivering an ideal anti-inflammatory and analgesic agent in the form of H. procumbens products.
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Leucosceptoside A from Devil's Claw Modulates Psoriasis-like Inflammation via Suppression of the PI3K/AKT Signaling Pathway in Keratinocytes. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26227014. [PMID: 34834106 PMCID: PMC8618597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26227014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin condition characterized by abnormal keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation that is accompanied with dysregulated immune response and abnormal vascularization. Devil’s claw (Harpagophytum procumbens (Burch.) DC. ex Meisn.) tubers extract has been used both systemically and topically for treatment of chronic inflammatory diseases such as arthritis, osteoporosis, inflammatory bowel disease, among others. However, its potential mechanisms of action against psoriasis remains poorly investigated. The human keratinocyte HaCaT cell line is a well-accepted in vitro model system for inflammatory skin disorders such as psoriasis. The present study involved an exploration of the effect of biotechnologically produced H. procumbens (HP) cell suspension extract and pure phenylethanoid glycosides verbascoside (VER) and leucosceptoside A (LEU) in interferon (IFN)-γ/interleukin (IL)-17A/IL-22-stimulated HaCaT cells as a model of psoriasis-like inflammation. Changes in key inflammatory signaling pathways related to psoriasis development were detected by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction and western blotting. Treatment with LEU, but not VER and HP extract improved psoriasis-related inflammation via suppression of the PI3K/AKT signaling in IFN-γ/IL-17A/IL-22-stimulated HaCaT cells. Our results suggest that LEU may exhibit therapeutic potential against psoriasis by regulating keratinocyte differentiation through inhibition of the PI3K/AKT pathway.
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Brendler T. From Bush Medicine to Modern Phytopharmaceutical: A Bibliographic Review of Devil's Claw ( Harpagophytum spp.). Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:726. [PMID: 34451822 PMCID: PMC8398729 DOI: 10.3390/ph14080726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Devil's claw (Harpagophytum spp., Pedaliaceae) is one of the best-documented phytomedicines. Its mode of action is largely elucidated, and its efficacy and excellent safety profile have been demonstrated in a long list of clinical investigations. The author conducted a bibliographic review which not only included peer-reviewed papers published in scientific journals but also a vast amount of grey literature, such as theses and reports initiated by governmental as well as non-governmental organizations, thus allowing for a more holistic presentation of the available evidence. Close to 700 sources published over the course of two centuries were identified, confirmed, and cataloged. The purpose of the review is three-fold: to trace the historical milestones in devil's claw becoming a modern herbal medicine, to point out gaps in the seemingly all-encompassing body of research, and to provide the reader with a reliable and comprehensive bibliography. The review covers aspects of ethnobotany, taxonomy, history of product development and commercialization, chemistry, pharmacology, toxicology, as well as clinical efficacy and safety. It is concluded that three areas stand out in need of further investigation. The taxonomical assessment of the genus is outdated and lacking. A revision is needed to account for intra- and inter-specific, geographical, and chemo-taxonomical variation, including variation in composition. Further research is needed to conclusively elucidate the active compound(s). Confounded by early substitution, intermixture, and blending, it has yet to be demonstrated beyond a reasonable doubt that both (or all) Harpagophytum spp. are equally (and interchangeably) safe and efficacious in clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Brendler
- Department of Botany and Plant Biotechnology, University of Johannesburg, Auckland Park, Johannesburg 2006, South Africa;
- Plantaphile, Collingswood, NJ 08108, USA
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Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, di Giacomo V, Antolini MD, Acquaviva A, Leone S, Brunetti L, Menghini L, Ak G, Zengin G, Di Simone SC, Ferrante C, Orlando G. Anti-Inflammatory and Neuromodulatory Effects Induced by Tanacetum parthenium Water Extract: Results from In Silico, In Vitro and Ex Vivo Studies. Molecules 2020; 26:molecules26010022. [PMID: 33374525 PMCID: PMC7793142 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tanacetum parthenium (feverfew) has traditionally been employed as a phytotherapeutic remedy in the treatment of migraine. In this study, a commercial T. parthenium water extract was investigated to explore its anti-inflammatory and neuromodulatory effects. Isolated mouse cortexes were exposed to a K+ 60 mM Krebs-Ringer buffer and treated with T. parthenium water extract. The prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) level, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), interleukin-10 (IL-10), and IL-1β gene expression were evaluated in the cortex. The effects on dopamine (DA) release and dopamine transporter (DAT) gene expression were assayed in hypothalamic HypoE22 cells. A bioinformatics analysis was conducted to further investigate the mechanism of action. The extract was effective in reducing cortex PGE2 release and IL-1β gene expression. In the same experimental system, IL-10 and BDNF gene expressions increased, and in HypoE22 cells, the extract decreased the extracellular dopamine level and increased the DAT gene expression due to the direct interaction of parthenolide with the DAT. Overall, the present findings highlight the efficacy of T. parthenium water extract in controlling the inflammatory pathways that occur during cortical-spreading depression. Additionally, the inhibition of the hypothalamic DA release observed in this study further supports the role of dopaminergic pathways as key targets for novel pharmacological approaches in the management of migraine attacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Viviana di Giacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Marco Daniel Antolini
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Alessandra Acquaviva
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
- Veridia Italia Srl, via Raiale 285, 65100 Pescara, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Gunes Ak
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey;
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42130 Konya, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (C.F.); Tel.: +90-332-223-2781 (G.Z.); +39-0871-355-4753 (C.F.); Fax: +90-332-223-8840 (G.Z.); +39-0871-355-4755 (C.F.)
| | - Simonetta Cristina Di Simone
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
- Correspondence: (G.Z.); (C.F.); Tel.: +90-332-223-2781 (G.Z.); +39-0871-355-4753 (C.F.); Fax: +90-332-223-8840 (G.Z.); +39-0871-355-4755 (C.F.)
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (V.d.G.); (M.D.A.); (A.A.); (S.L.); (L.B.); (L.M.); (S.C.D.S.); (G.O.)
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Ferrante C, Chiavaroli A, Angelini P, Venanzoni R, Angeles Flores G, Brunetti L, Petrucci M, Politi M, Menghini L, Leone S, Recinella L, Zengin G, Ak G, Di Mascio M, Bacchin F, Orlando G. Phenolic Content and Antimicrobial and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Solidago virga-aurea, Phyllanthus niruri, Epilobium angustifolium, Peumus boldus, and Ononis spinosa Extracts. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9110783. [PMID: 33172081 PMCID: PMC7694769 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9110783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostatitis is an inflammatory condition that is related to multiple infectious agents, including bacteria and fungi. Traditional herbal extracts proved efficacious in controlling clinical symptoms associated with prostatitis. In this context, the aim of the present study was to explore the efficacy of extracts from Solidago virga-aurea, Ononis spinosa, Peumus boldus, Epilobium angustifolium, and Phyllanthus niruri against bacterial (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus) and fungi strains (Candida albicans; C. tropicalis) involved in prostatitis. Additionally, anti-mycotic effects were tested against multiple species of dermatophytes (Trichophyton rubrum, T. tonsurans, T. erinacei, Arthroderma crocatum, A. quadrifidum, A. gypseum, A. currey, and A. insingulare). Antioxidant effects were also evaluated in isolated rat prostates challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and phytochemical analyses were conducted to identify and quantify selected phenolic compounds, in the extracts. Finally, a bioinformatics analysis was conducted to predict putative human and microbial enzymes targeted by extracts’ phytocompounds and underlying the observed bio-pharmacological effects. The phytochemical analysis highlighted that rutin levels could be crucial for explaining the highest antibacterial activity of P. boldus extract, especially against E. coli and B. cereus. On the other hand, in the E. angustifolium extract, catechin concentration could partially explain the highest efficacy of this extract in reducing lipid peroxidation, in isolated rat prostates stimulated with LPS. Concluding, the results of the present study showed moderate antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory effects induced by water extracts of S. virga-aurea, P. boldus, E. angustifolium, P. niruri, and O. spinosa that could be related, at least partially, to the phenolic composition of the phytocomplex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.B.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (L.R.); (G.O.)
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.B.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (L.R.); (G.O.)
| | - Paola Angelini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy; (R.V.); (G.A.F.)
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - Roberto Venanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy; (R.V.); (G.A.F.)
| | - Giancarlo Angeles Flores
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy; (R.V.); (G.A.F.)
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.B.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (L.R.); (G.O.)
| | | | - Matteo Politi
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.B.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (L.R.); (G.O.)
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.B.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (L.R.); (G.O.)
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.B.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (L.R.); (G.O.)
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.B.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (L.R.); (G.O.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk Universtiy, Campus, Konya, 42130 Konya, Turkey;
- Correspondence: (P.A.); (G.Z.)
| | - Gunes Ak
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk Universtiy, Campus, Konya, 42130 Konya, Turkey;
| | - Massimo Di Mascio
- Veridia Italia Srl, via Raiale 285, 65100 Pescara, Italy; (M.D.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Francesco Bacchin
- Veridia Italia Srl, via Raiale 285, 65100 Pescara, Italy; (M.D.M.); (F.B.)
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, Università degli Studi “Gabriele d’Annunzio”, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (C.F.); (A.C.); (L.B.); (M.P.); (L.M.); (S.L.); (L.R.); (G.O.)
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9
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Tlili N, Sarikurkcu RT, Ceylan O, Sarikurkcu C. Onosma polyantha vs. Onosma mollis: Analysis of Phenolic Compounds Using Liquid Chromatography–Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and Assessment of the Antioxidant Activity. ANAL LETT 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00032719.2020.1803348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nizar Tlili
- Institut Supérieur des Sciences et Technologies de l’Environnement, Université de Carthage, Tunis, Tunisia
- Faculté des Sciences de Tunis (UR13/ES25), Université Tunis El - Manar, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Rifat Tayyib Sarikurkcu
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Department of Physics, Middle East Technical University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Olcay Ceylan
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| | - Cengiz Sarikurkcu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Afyonkarahisar Health Sciences University, Afyonkarahisar, Turkey
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10
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Pervaiz I, Saleem H, Sarfraz M, Imran Tousif M, Khurshid U, Ahmad S, Zengin G, Ibrahime Sinan K, Locatelli M, Mahomoodally FM, Asnawi Zainal Abidin S, Ahemad N. Multidirectional insights into the phytochemical, biological, and multivariate analysis of the famine food plant (Calligonum polygonoides L).: A novel source of bioactive phytocompounds. Food Res Int 2020; 137:109606. [PMID: 33233202 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2020.109606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Calligonum polygonoides L. also known as famine food plant, is normally consumed in times of food scarcity in India and Pakistan and also used traditionally in the management of common diseases. The present design aims to provide an insight into the medicinal potential of four solvent extracts of C. polygonoides via an assessment of its phytochemical profile, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential. Phytochemical composition was estimated by deducing total bioactive constituents, UHPLC-MS secondary metabolites profile, and HPLC phenolic quantification. Antioxidant potential was determined via six methods (radical scavenging (DPPH and ABTS), reducing power (FRAP and CUPRAC), phosphomolybdenum total antioxidant capacity and metal chelation activity). Enzyme inhibitory potential was assessed against clinical enzymes (acetylcholinesterase -AChE, butyrylcholinesterase -BChE, tyrosinase, and α-amylase). The highest amounts of phenolic contents were found in chloroform extract (76.59 mg GAE/g extract) which may be attributed to its higher radical scavenging, reducing power and tyrosinase inhibition potential. The n-butanol extract containing the maximum amount of flavonoids (55.84 mg RE/g extract) exhibited highest metal chelating capacity. Similarly, the n-hexane extract was found to be most active against AChE (4.65 mg GALAE/g extract), BChE (6.59 mg GALAE/g extract), and α-amylase (0.70 mmol ACAE/g extract) enzymes. Secondary metabolite assessment of the crude methanol extract as determined by UHPLC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 24 (negative ionization mode) and 15 (positive ionization mode) secondary metabolites, with most of them belonging to phenolic, flavonoids, terpene, and alkaloid groups. Moreover, gallic acid and naringenin were the main phenolics quantified by HPLC-PDA analysis in all the tested extracts (except n-butanol extract). PCA statistical analysis was also conducted to establish any possible relationship amongst bioactive contents and biological activities. Overall, the C. polygonoides extracts could be further considered to isolate bioactive enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant natural phytocompounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan Pervaiz
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan; Department of Pharmacy, University of Lahore, Gujrat Campus, Pakistan
| | - Hammad Saleem
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (IPS), University of Veterinary & Animal Sciences (UVAS), Lahore, Pakistan; School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - Muhammad Sarfraz
- College of Pharmacy, Al Ain University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | | | - Umair Khurshid
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Saeed Ahmad
- Department of Pharmacy, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Campus/Konya, Turkey
| | | | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University 'G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Fawzi M Mahomoodally
- Institute of Research and Development, Duy Tan University, Da Nang 550000, Viet Nam; Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Mauritius, Mauritius
| | - Syafiq Asnawi Zainal Abidin
- Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (LCMS) Platform, Jeffrey Cheah School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
| | - Nafees Ahemad
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Tropical Medicine and Biology Multidisciplinary Platform, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia; Global Asia in The 21st Century (GA21) Multidisciplinary Research Platform, Monash University, Malaysia.
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11
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Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, Ronci M, Menghini L, Brunetti L, Leone S, Tirillini B, Angelini P, Covino S, Venanzoni R, Zengin G, Simone SD, Ciferri MC, Giacomo VD, Cataldi A, Rapino M, Valerio VD, Orlando G, Ferrante C. Multidirectional Pharma-Toxicological Study on Harpagophytum procumbens DC. ex Meisn.: An IBD-Focused Investigation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E168. [PMID: 32085616 PMCID: PMC7070412 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9020168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/14/2020] [Accepted: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the present study, we investigated the water extract of Harpagophytum procumbens DC. ex Meisn. in an experimental model of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Additionally, a microbiological investigation was carried out to discriminate the efficacy against bacterial and fungal strains involved in IBDs. Finally, an untargeted proteomic analysis was conducted on more than one hundred colon proteins involved in tissue morphology and metabolism. The extract was effective in blunting the production of oxidative stress and inflammation, including serotonin, prostaglandins, cytokines, and transcription factors. Additionally, the extract inhibited the growth of Candida albicans and C. tropicalis. The extract was also able to exert a pro-homeostatic effect on the levels of a wide plethora of colon proteins, thus corroborating a protective effect. Conversely, the supraphysiological downregulation of cytoskeletal-related proteins involved in tissue morphology and antimicrobial barrier function suggests a warning in the use of food supplements containing H. procumbens extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (L.M.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (S.D.S.); (M.C.C.); (V.d.G.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (L.M.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (S.D.S.); (M.C.C.); (V.d.G.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (L.M.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (S.D.S.); (M.C.C.); (V.d.G.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (L.M.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (S.D.S.); (M.C.C.); (V.d.G.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (L.M.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (S.D.S.); (M.C.C.); (V.d.G.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Bruno Tirillini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, 61029 Urbino, Italy;
| | - Paola Angelini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy; (P.A.); (S.C.); (R.V.)
| | - Stefano Covino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy; (P.A.); (S.C.); (R.V.)
| | - Roberto Venanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, 06100 Perugia, Italy; (P.A.); (S.C.); (R.V.)
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Physiology and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Campus, 42103 Konya, Turkey
| | - Simonetta Di Simone
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (L.M.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (S.D.S.); (M.C.C.); (V.d.G.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Maria Chiara Ciferri
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (L.M.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (S.D.S.); (M.C.C.); (V.d.G.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Viviana di Giacomo
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (L.M.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (S.D.S.); (M.C.C.); (V.d.G.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Amelia Cataldi
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (L.M.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (S.D.S.); (M.C.C.); (V.d.G.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Monica Rapino
- Genetic Molecular Institute of CNR, Unit of Chieti, “G. d’ Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy;
| | - Valentina Di Valerio
- Department of Medicine and Ageing Sciences, “G. d’ Annunzio” University, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti-Pescara, Italy;
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (L.M.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (S.D.S.); (M.C.C.); (V.d.G.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy; (L.R.); (A.C.); (L.M.); (L.B.); (S.L.); (S.D.S.); (M.C.C.); (V.d.G.); (A.C.); (C.F.)
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12
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Polyphenols from Lycium barbarum (Goji) Fruit European Cultivars at Different Maturation Steps: Extraction, HPLC-DAD Analyses, and Biological Evaluation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8110562. [PMID: 31744071 PMCID: PMC6912443 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8110562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 11/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Goji berries are undoubtedly a source of potentially bioactive compounds but their phytochemical profile can vary depending on their geographical origin, cultivar, and/or industrial processing. A rapid and cheap extraction of the polyphenolic fraction from Lycium barbarum cultivars, applied after homogenization treatments, was combined with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analyses based on two different methods. The obtained hydroalcoholic extracts, containing interesting secondary metabolites (gallic acid, chlorogenic acid, catechin, sinapinic acid, rutin, and carvacrol), were also submitted to a wide biological screening. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents, the antioxidant capacity using three antioxidant assays, tyrosinase inhibition, and anti-Candida activity were evaluated in order to correlate the impact of the homogenization treatment, geographical origin, and cultivar type on the polyphenolic and flavonoid amount, and consequently the bioactivity. The rutin amount, considered as a quality marker for goji berries according to European Pharmacopeia, varied from ≈200 to ≈400 µg/g among the tested samples, showing important differences observed in relation to the influence of the evaluated parameters.
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13
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Zengin G, Ferrante C, Gnapi DE, Sinan KI, Orlando G, Recinella L, Diuzheva A, Jekő J, Cziáky Z, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Brunetti L, Picot-Allain C, Mahomoodally MF, Angelini P, Covino S, Venanzoni R, Tirillini B, Menghini L. Comprehensive approaches on the chemical constituents and pharmacological properties of flowers and leaves of American basil (Ocimum americanum L). Food Res Int 2019; 125:108610. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2019.108610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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14
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Zengin G, Locatelli M, Ferrante C, Menghini L, Orlando G, Brunetti L, Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Leporini L, Aumeeruddy MZ, Mahomoodally MF. New pharmacological targets of three Asphodeline species using in vitro and ex vivo models of inflammation and oxidative stress. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH RESEARCH 2019; 29:520-530. [PMID: 30514101 DOI: 10.1080/09603123.2018.1552930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 11/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study explored the efficacy of the methanolic extract of three Asphodeline species (A. damascena subsp. rugosa, A. tenuior subsp. tenuiflora var. tenuiflora, and A. cilicica) to protect against hydrogen peroxide (H2O2)-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity in HCT116 cells, and also any protective effects against lipopolysaccharides (LPS)-induced nitrite levels, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and 8-iso-prostaglandin F2α (8-iso-PGF2α) levels, 5HIAA/5-HT ratio, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α and interleukin (IL)-6 gene expression in rat colon specimens. Interestingly, A. tenuior extract was most effective in improving the tested biomarkers, by reducing LDH activity and nitrite level. On the other hand, A. damascena was the only species able to blunt LPS-induced TNF-α gene expression in rat colon specimens. The present findings highlighted the protective effects of Asphodeline extracts via in vitro and ex vivo models of inflammation and oxidative stress, adding new insights to the pharmacological actions of these medicinal plant species. Abbreviations: IBD: inflammatory bowel disease; LPS: lipopolysaccharide; LDH: lactate dehydrogenase; 5HIAA: 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid; 5-HT: 5-hydroxytryptamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Zengin
- a Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University , Konya , Turkey
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- b Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- b Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- b Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- b Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- b Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- b Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- b Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- b Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
| | - Lidia Leporini
- b Department of Pharmacy, G. d'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara , Chieti , Italy
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15
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Orlando G, Ferrante C, Zengin G, Sinan KI, Bene K, Diuzheva A, Jekő J, Cziáky Z, Simone SD, Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Brunetti L, Picot-Allain CMN, Mahomoodally MF, Menghini L. Qualitative Chemical Characterization and Multidirectional Biological Investigation of Leaves and Bark Extracts of Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae). Antioxidants (Basel) 2019; 8:antiox8090343. [PMID: 31480498 PMCID: PMC6770311 DOI: 10.3390/antiox8090343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Anogeissus leiocarpus (DC.) Guill. & Perr. (Combretaceae) has a long history of use by folk populations for the management of multiple human ailments. Based on the published literature, there has been no attempt to conduct a comparative assessment of the biological activity and the phytochemical profiles of the leaves and stem bark of A. leiocarpus extracted using methanol, ethyl acetate, and water. By high-performance liquid chromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometric detection (HPLC-ESI-MSn) analysis, quinic, shikimic, gallic, and protocatechuic acids were tentatively identified from all the extracts, while chlorogenic, caffeic, ferulic, and dodecanedioic acids were only characterised from the leaves extracts. Additionally, a pharmacological study was carried out to evaluate potential protective effects that are induced by the extracts in rat colon and colon cancer HCT116 cell line. In general, the methanol and water extracts of A. leiocarpus leaves and stem bark showed potent radical scavenging and reducing properties. It was noted that the stem bark extracts were more potent antioxidants as compared to the leaves extracts. The methanol extract of A. leiocarpus leaves showed the highest acetyl (4.68 mg galantamine equivalent/g) and butyryl (4.0 mg galantamine equivalent/g) cholinesterase inhibition. Among ethyl acetate extracts, the pharmacological investigation suggested stem bark ethyl acetate extracts to be the most promising. This extract revealed ability to protect rat colon from lipopolysaccharide-induced oxidative stress, without exerting promoting effects on HCT116 cell line viability and migration. As a conclusion, A. leiocarpus represents a potential source of bioactive compounds in the development of novel therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya 42130, Turkey.
| | | | - Kouadio Bene
- Laboratoire de Botanique et Phytothérapie, Unité de Formation et de Recherche Sciences de la Nature, Université Nangui Abrogoua, 02 BP 801 Abidjan 02, Ivory Coast
| | - Alina Diuzheva
- Department of Forest Protection and Entomology, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague 16500, Czech Republic
| | - József Jekő
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, Nyíregyháza 4400, Hungary
| | - Zoltán Cziáky
- Agricultural and Molecular Research and Service Institute, University of Nyíregyháza, Nyíregyháza 4400, Hungary
| | - Simonetta Di Simone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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16
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Zengin G, Ferrante C, Orlando G, Zheleva-Dimitrova D, Gevrenova R, Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Brunetti L, Aumeeruddy MZ, Aktumsek A, Mahomoodally MF, Angelini P, Covino S, Venanzoni R, Tirillini B, Menghini L. Chemical profiling and pharmaco-toxicological activity of Origanum sipyleum extracts: Exploring for novel sources for potential therapeutic agents. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e13003. [PMID: 31393014 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.13003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The phytochemical, antiradical, and enzyme inhibition profile of three solvent extracts (ethyl acetate, methanol, water) of Origanum sipyleum were assessed. We also performed a pharmacological study in order to explore protective effects induced by extracts in inflamed colon. LC-MS analysis revealed that the extracts contained different classes of phenolics. The aqueous extract showed the highest antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory effects. Total phenol and flavonoid contents were highest in aqueous and ethyl acetate extract, respectively. All extracts were effective in reducing colon pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory biomarkers. The extracts revealed also able to inhibit fungal and bacterial species involved in ulcerative colitis, including Candida albicans, Candida tropicalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Staphylococcus thyphimurium. Finally, we also showed the antiproliferative effects exerted by the EA extracts on human colon cancer HCT116 cell line. Concluding, our results indicated that O. sipyleum extracts displayed promising therapeutic properties which warrants further validation. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: The present phytochemical and biological studies, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobic assessments, showed significant protective effects exerted by O. sipyleum extracts in an experimental model of ulcerative colitis. The results are intriguing and suggest potential applications O. sipyleum extracts as sources of natural agents for the management of clinical symptoms related to ulcerative colitis, characterized by increased burden of oxidative stress and microbiome dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Reneta Gevrenova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Paola Angelini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Covino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Venanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Bruno Tirillini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Ferrante C, Recinella L, Ronci M, Orlando G, Di Simone S, Brunetti L, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Politi M, Tirillini B, Angelini P, Covino S, Venanzoni R, Vladimir-Knežević S, Menghini L. Protective effects induced by alcoholic Phlomis fruticosa and Phlomis herba-venti extracts in isolated rat colon: Focus on antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities in vitro. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2387-2400. [PMID: 31322313 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 06/05/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Phlomis fruticosa L. and P. herba-venti are species belonging to the Lamiaceae family, which have been traditionally used to prepare tonic and digestive drinks. Multiple studies also demonstrated the inhibitory effects of P. fruticosa extracts and essential oil against oxidative/proinflammatory pathways and bacterial strains deeply involved in ulcerative colitis. Considering these findings, the present study evaluated the effects of alcoholic P. fruticosa and P. herba-venti leaf extracts in isolated rat colon challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS), an ex vivo experimental paradigm of ulcerative colitis. In this context, we assayed colon levels of pro-oxidant and proinflammatory biomarkers, including nitrites, malondialdehyde (MDA), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and serotonin (5-HT). Additionally, the extracts have been tested in order to evaluate possible inhibitory effects on specific bacterial and fungal strains involved in ulcerative colitis. Alcoholic P. fruticosa and P. herba-venti extracts were able to blunt LPS-induced nitrite, MDA, 5-HT, and LDH levels in isolated rat colon. The same extracts also inhibited the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, E. coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans and Candida tropicalis. In conclusion, our findings show a potential role exerted by alcoholic P. fruticosa and P. herba-venti in managing the clinical symptoms related to ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Simonetta Di Simone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Matteo Politi
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Bruno Tirillini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Urbino, Italy
| | - Paola Angelini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Covino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Venanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sanda Vladimir-Knežević
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Marulićev trg 20/II, 10000, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
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18
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Menghini L, Recinella L, Leone S, Chiavaroli A, Cicala C, Brunetti L, Vladimir-Knežević S, Orlando G, Ferrante C. Devil's claw (Harpagophytum procumbens) and chronic inflammatory diseases: A concise overview on preclinical and clinical data. Phytother Res 2019; 33:2152-2162. [PMID: 31273865 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 04/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Devil's Claw is a traditional medicine that has been long used a wide range of health conditions, including indigestion, fever, allergic reactions, and rheumatism. The main compounds are iridoid glycosides, including harpagoside, harpagide, and procumbide. However, harpagoside is the most responsible for therapeutic activity, and its content is used as reference standard. Here, we analyzed and summarized preclinical and clinical studies focusing on therapeutic efficacy of devil's claw preparations in pathological conditions in which inflammation plays a key causative role.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | | | - Carla Cicala
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sanda Vladimir-Knežević
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
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Su L, Deng Y, Chen N, Zhang X, Huang T. Infrared-assisted extraction followed by high performance liquid chromatography to determine angoroside C, cinnamic acid, and harpagoside content in Scrophularia ningpoensis. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2019; 19:130. [PMID: 31200712 PMCID: PMC6570934 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-019-2552-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Background Angoroside C, cinnamic acid, and harpagoside are bioactive constituents in Scrophularia ningpoensis. Currently, an infrared-assisted extraction (IRAE) method coupled with high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) for the analysis of bioactive constituents in this plant is lacking. Methods A method based on HPLC following IRAE has been developed for quantifying angoroside C, cinnamic acid, and harpagoside in Scrophularia ningpoensis. Four main factors, namely, extraction solvent, solid/liquid ratio, illumination time, and distance between the infrared lamp and the round-bottom flask, were optimized for extraction. Furthermore, conventional ultrasonic extraction (USE) and microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) were also investigated to validate the developed method. Results The optimal extraction conditions were as follows: ethanol concentration, 37.5%; solid/liquid ratio, 1:25; illumination time, 10 min; and distance between infrared lamp and round-bottom flask, 3 cm. The results of method validation demonstrated that the developed method meets the requirement of analysis. Conclusion The results show that the IRAE-HPLC is a simple, accurate, and green analytical preparatory method for the potential extraction and quantification of angoroside C, cinnamic acid, and harpagoside in Scrophularia ningpoensis. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12906-019-2552-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Zengin G, Ferrante C, Senkardes I, Gevrenova R, Zheleva-Dimitrova D, Menghini L, Orlando G, Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Brunetti L, Picot-Allain CMN, Rengasamy KR, Mahomoodally MF. Multidirectional biological investigation and phytochemical profile of Rubus sanctus and Rubus ibericus. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 127:237-250. [PMID: 30914354 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.03.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2019] [Revised: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, the biological properties, including, the enzyme inhibitory and antioxidant activities, as well as, the phytochemical profile of the ethyl acetate, methanol, and water extracts of Rubus sanctus Schreb. and Rubus ibericus Juz. leaves were determined using in vitro bioassays. Wide range of phytochemicals, including, hydroxybenzoic acids, hydroxycinnamic acids, acylquinic acids, ellagitannins, flavonoids, and triterpenoid saponins were determined using UHPLC-ESI/HRMS technique. The ethyl acetate and methanol extracts of the studied Rubus species effectively inhibited acetyl and butyryl cholinesterase. On the other hand, R. sanctus water extract showed low inhibition against α-amylase and prominent inhibitory action against α-glucosidase. Data collected from this study reported the radical scavenging and reducing potential of the studied Rubus species. Investigation of the protective effects of the different extracts of R. sanctus and R. ibericus in experimental model of ulcerative colitis was performed. The extracts were also tested on spontaneous migration of human colon cancer cells (HCT116) in wound healing experimental paradigm. Only R. sanctus methanol extract inhibited spontaneous HCT116 migration in the wound healing test. Our results suggested that R. sanctus and R. ibericus may be potential candidates as sources of biologically-active compounds for the development of nutraceuticals, pharmaceuticals, and/or cosmetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Ismail Senkardes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmacy, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Reneta Gevrenova
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Sofia, Bulgaria
| | | | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy.
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | | | - Kannan Rr Rengasamy
- Department of Bio-resources and Food Science, Konkuk University, Seoul, South Korea
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Chichiriccò G, Ferrante C, Menghini L, Recinella L, Leone S, Chiavaroli A, Brunetti L, Di Simone S, Ronci M, Piccone P, Lanza B, Cesa S, Poma A, Vecchiotti G, Orlando G. Crocus sativus by-products as sources of bioactive extracts: Pharmacological and toxicological focus on anthers. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 126:7-14. [PMID: 30763684 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple studies revealed the potential application of high quality saffron byproducts as cheap sources of bioactive compounds endowed with antioxidant activity. In the present study, we analyzed the total fatty acids of the anthers, and explored the pharmacological and toxicological potential of anthers, by evaluating genotoxic and protective effects in multiple cell lines, brine shrimps and isolated rat tissues. The phytochemical analyses showed that anthers are rich in long chain fatty acids most of which are unsaturated (80.51%). Particularly, anther water extract revealed to be well tolerated by multiple cell lines, and able to modulate reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels, without exerting either genotoxic or cytotoxic effects. The same extract was also able to blunt lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced nitrite and malondialdehyde (MDA) in isolated rat tissues. On the other hand, considering the concomitant null effect on HCT116 cell migration, in wound healing experimental paradigm, our findings suggest the efficacy of water anther extract as protective agent without any direct reverting effects on lesioned tissues. Concluding, the promising results, deriving from the pharmacological and toxicological evaluations, support the valorization of saffron anthers as a strategy to optimize and develop the productive chain of Abruzzo saffron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Chichiriccò
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67010, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Simonetta Di Simone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Pierpaolo Piccone
- Regional Agency for the Protection of the Environment, Provincial District of L'Aquila, Caselle di, Bazzano, AQ, Italy
| | - Barbara Lanza
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Engineering and Agro-food Processing (CREA-IT), Via Nazionale 38, 65012, Cepagatti, PE, Italy
| | - Stefania Cesa
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Annamaria Poma
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67010, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giulia Vecchiotti
- Department of Life, Health and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, 67010, Coppito, L'Aquila, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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Physiological and pathological levels of prostaglandin E 2 in renal parenchyma and neoplastic renal tissue. Prostaglandins Other Lipid Mediat 2019; 141:11-13. [PMID: 30742910 DOI: 10.1016/j.prostaglandins.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2018] [Revised: 02/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Prostaglandin (PG)E2 seems to promote tumor proliferation by regulating cell growth, inhibiting apoptosis, promoting angiogenesis, and suppressing host immune surveillance of cancer cells. The suppression of prostaglandins biosynthesis is thought to be the main molecular mechanism for non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs antineoplastic effect. Yet the relationship between PGE2 and human renal cell carcinoma remains unclear. The aim of our study is to evaluate the PGE2 content in human renal parenchyma and Renal Cell Carcinoma. The study was conducted on 20 consecutive patients undergoing radical nephrectomy for Renal Cell Carcinoma. In the normal renal parenchyma and in the neoplastic renal tissue the PGE2 level was 83.43 ± 5.89 pg/mg and 289.67 ± 22.2 pg/mg, respectively (P < 0.0001). There was no relationship between PGE2 content and Renal Cell Carcinoma dimension, Fuhrman grade, pathological-Tumor-Node and Metastasis (pTNM) stage and histological subtype. The PGE2 over-content in neoplastic renal tissue suggests a role of PGE2 in development and progression of renal carcinoma.
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23
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Ferrante C, Recinella L, Ronci M, Menghini L, Brunetti L, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Di Iorio L, Carradori S, Tirillini B, Angelini P, Covino S, Venanzoni R, Orlando G. Multiple pharmacognostic characterization on hemp commercial cultivars: Focus on inflorescence water extract activity. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 125:452-461. [PMID: 30711720 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2019.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
One of the most promising economic perspectives of hemp production chain is female inflorescence valorization, despite there being actually no chemical composition or biological data from water fraction. In this context, the focus of this study is the evaluation of protective effects related to hemp water flower extracts from four commercial cultivars (Futura 75, Kc virtus, Carmagnola Cs and Villanova). We evaluated the phytochemical profile through validated spectrophotometric and HPLC methods. Then, we studied the biological activity on C2C12 and HCT116 cell lines, and in an ex vivo experimental model of ulcerative colitis, constituted by isolated LPS-stimulated colon. Particularly, we assayed the blunting effects induced by hemp water extract treatment on LPS-induced levels of nitrites, malondialdehyde (MDA), prostaglandin (PG)E2 and serotonin (5-HT). All tested cultivars displayed similar total phenolic and flavonoid profile. However, Futura 75 water extract displayed a better antioxidant and anti-inflammatory profile. Considering this, Futura 75 extract activity has been subsequently assayed on bacterial and fungal species involved in ulcerative colitis, finding a significant inhibition on C. albicans and selected Gram positive and negative bacterial strains. Concluding, our results support the potential efficacy of hemp inflorescence water extracts in managing the clinical symptoms related to ulcerative colitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy.
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Luigi Di Iorio
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
| | - Bruno Tirillini
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino, Italy
| | - Paola Angelini
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Stefano Covino
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Roberto Venanzoni
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, 66100, Italy
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24
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Zengin G, Ferrante C, Menghini L, Orlando G, Brunetti L, Recinella L, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Ronci M, Aumeeruddy MZ, Mahomoodally MF. Protective effects of Cotoneaster integerrimus on in vitro and ex-vivo models of H 2 O 2 -induced lactate dehydrogenase activity in HCT116 cell and on lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation in rat colon. J Food Biochem 2019; 43:e12766. [PMID: 31353569 DOI: 10.1111/jfbc.12766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2018] [Revised: 12/11/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The present study evaluated the biological potential of methanol and aqueous extracts of the twigs and fruits of Cotoneaster integerrimus Medik. Lethality bioassays performed on Artemia salina showed that aqueous and methanol C. integerrimus extracts were non-toxic in the concentration range (0.1-20 mg/ml), with a LC50 ≥ 2.5 mg/ml, for each single extract. The protective effect of the extracts was assessed in vitro against hydrogen peroxide-induced lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)α gene expression in colon cancer HCT116 cell line. All the extracts downregulated (H2 O2 )-induced TNFα gene expression, in HCT116. By contrast, it was observed that the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced increase in colon nitrite, prostaglandin E2 , and 8-iso-PGF2α levels were counteracted mostly by the methanol twig extract. The present study showed protective effects induced by C. integerrimus in vitro and ex vivo, thus supporting potential application in the management of chronic inflammatory diseases. PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS: In the present study, protective effects of C. integerrimus are highlighted using in vitro and ex-vivo models of hydrogen peroxide-induced LDH activity in HCT116 cell and on LPS-induced inflammation in rat colon. Based on our results, this edible and traditionally used species could be considered as a valuable source of natural agents to combat inflammatory diseases, particularly ulcerative colitis. Results amassed herein advocates for further bioprospection of this species that could open new avenues for the development of nutraceuticals and functional foods geared toward the management of chronic inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Zengin
- Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ronci
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, University "G. d'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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25
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Sieniawska E, Michel P, Mroczek T, Granica S, Skalicka-Woźniak K. Nigella damascena L. essential oil and its main constituents, damascenine and β-elemene modulate inflammatory response of human neutrophils ex vivo. Food Chem Toxicol 2019; 125:161-169. [PMID: 30610933 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2018.12.057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Nigella damascena L belongs to Ranunculaceae family and is mentioned in Eastern traditional medicine for the treatment of high temperatures, regulation of menstruation or catarrhal affections. The anti-inflammatory activity of compounds present in the essential oil obtained from seeds of this plant can be found in literature, however no studies on immunomodulatory activity are provided. Hence, in this work anti-inflammatory activity of N. damascena seed essential oil as well as damascenine and main compound β-elemene was evaluated on ex-vivo lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated human neutrophils. For isolation of damascenine fast and efficient protocol was elaborated using high performance countercurrent chromatography technique for the first time. Also detailed spectroscopic characteristic of damascenine was provided for the first time. Damascenine was separated from the essential oil in a mixture of petroleum ether/acetonitrile/acetone (2:1.5:0.5 v/v/v) in reversed phase mode in 12 min with 99.47% purity. Essential oil, damascenine and β-elemene presented immunomodulatory activity evaluated in LPS-stimulated neutrophils ex vivo. All studied samples significantly inhibited release of interleukin 1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin 8 (IL-8). What is more, damascenine and β-elemene decreased matrix metallopeptidase 9 (MMP-9) production similar to dexamethasone. The release of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α) was also inhibited in all range of concentrations, however the activity was weaker then activity of dexametasone. The previously reported anti-inflammatory activity of damascenine and β-elemene investigated in murine models was confirmed in our study on human neuthrophils suggesting their possible strong inhibitory effect on inflammatory response progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elwira Sieniawska
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, Lublin, 20-093, Poland.
| | - Piotr Michel
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, 1 Muszyńskiego St., Lodz, 90-151, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mroczek
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, Lublin, 20-093, Poland
| | - Sebastian Granica
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Molecular Basis of Phytotherapy, Medical University of Warsaw, Banacha 1, Warsaw, 02-097, Poland
| | - Krystyna Skalicka-Woźniak
- Department of Pharmacognosy with Medicinal Plant Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Chodzki 1, Lublin, 20-093, Poland
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Luo JF, Shen XY, Lio CK, Dai Y, Cheng CS, Liu JX, Yao YD, Yu Y, Xie Y, Luo P, Yao XS, Liu ZQ, Zhou H. Activation of Nrf2/HO-1 Pathway by Nardochinoid C Inhibits Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Lipopolysaccharide-Stimulated Macrophages. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:911. [PMID: 30233360 PMCID: PMC6131578 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 117] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The roots and rhizomes of Nardostachys chinensis have neuroprotection and cardiovascular protection effects. However, the specific mechanism of N. chinensis is not yet clear. Nardochinoid C (DC) is a new compound with new skeleton isolated from N. chinensis and this study for the first time explored the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effect of DC. The results showed that DC significantly reduced the release of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated RAW264.7 cells. The expression of pro-inflammatory proteins including inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) were also obviously inhibited by DC in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Besides, the production of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were also remarkably inhibited by DC in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. DC also suppressed inflammation indicators including COX-2, PGE2, TNF-α, and IL-6 in LPS-stimulated THP-1 macrophages. Furthermore, DC inhibited the macrophage M1 phenotype and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in LPS-activated RAW264.7 cells. Mechanism studies showed that DC mainly activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) signaling pathway, increased the level of anti-oxidant protein heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) and thus produced the anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant effects, which were abolished by Nrf2 siRNA and HO-1 inhibitor. These findings suggested that DC could be a new Nrf2 activator for the treatment and prevention of diseases related to inflammation and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Fang Luo
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xiu-Yu Shen
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chon Kit Lio
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yi Dai
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chun-Song Cheng
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jian-Xin Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, China
| | - Yun-Da Yao
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Xie
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Pei Luo
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Xin-Sheng Yao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhong-Qiu Liu
- Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hua Zhou
- Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,Joint Laboratory for Translational Cancer Research of Chinese Medicine of the Ministry of Education of the People's Republic of China, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Atriplex mollis Desf. Aerial Parts: Extraction Procedures, Secondary Metabolites and Color Analysis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23081962. [PMID: 30082629 PMCID: PMC6222348 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23081962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2018] [Revised: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A method using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector was proposed for the rapid characterization of different phenolic constituents from the extracts of Atriplex mollis aerial parts. Atriplex species are known for their multiple biological activities, but no information is available in the literature about A. mollis. With the aim to firstly characterize the main secondary metabolites of this plant, so as to orient better the biological evaluation, we applied three different extraction procedures and compared the chromatographic results. Microwave-assisted extraction gave the best yield and recovery of important compounds such as gallic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, p-OH benzoic acid, rutin, sinapinic acid, t-ferulic acid, naringenin and benzoic acid. These constituents belong to three important chemical classes: phenolic acids, flavonoids and monoterpenes. Color evaluation and analysis of chlorophylls (a and b) and carotenoids complete the preliminary profile of this plant. From these analyses, Atriplex mollis is a source of bioactive compounds (especially rutin, t-ferulic acid and gallic acid) and could be recommended as a plant of phyto-pharmaceutical relevance, opening new perspectives on this salt-tolerant plant.
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28
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Guo X, Zheng M, Pan R, Zang B, Jin M. Hydroxysafflor Yellow A Suppresses Platelet Activating Factor-Induced Activation of Human Small Airway Epithelial Cells. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:859. [PMID: 30123133 PMCID: PMC6085473 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA) is a chemical component isolated from the Chinese medicine Carthamus tinctorius L. HSYA has numerous pharmacological effects, including protecting against and mitigating some respiratory diseases such as acute lung injury and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease; however, its effect on asthma remains unclear. We previously found that HSYA attenuated ovalbumin-induced allergic asthma in guinea pigs. Platelet activating factor (PAF) is a phospholipid mediator of inflammation and an important factor in the pathological process of asthma. In this study, we investigated the anti-inflammatory effects of HSYA and its underlying mechanisms in PAF-induced human small airway epithelial cells (HSAECs). PAF-activated cells were pretreated with HSYA and/or the PAF receptor inhibitor, ginkgolide B, and we observed changes in the expression of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor alpha, monolayer permeability of HSAECs, and inflammatory signaling pathways. HSYA attenuated the PAF-induced increase in expression of inflammatory factors and destruction of cell-barrier function, and inhibited the expression of protein kinase C, mitogen-activated protein kinases, activator protein-1, and nuclear factor-κB activation induced by PAF. These findings suggest that HSYA may represent a potential new drug for the treatment of asthma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinjing Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Meng Zheng
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ruiyan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Baoxia Zang
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Ming Jin
- Department of Pharmacology, Beijing Anzhen Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing Institute of Heart Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases, Beijing, China
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29
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Yang J, Li S, Wang L, Du F, Zhou X, Song Q, Zhao J, Fang R. Ginsenoside Rg3 Attenuates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury via MerTK-Dependent Activation of the PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:850. [PMID: 30116194 PMCID: PMC6082957 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a common clinical disease with high morbidity in both humans and animals. Ginsenoside Rg3, a type of traditional Chinese medicine extracted from ginseng, is widely used to cure many inflammation-related diseases. However, the specific molecular mechanism of the effects of ginsenoside Rg3 on inflammation has rarely been reported. Thus, we established a mouse model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ALI to investigate the immune protective effects of ginsenoside Rg3 and explore its molecular mechanism. In wild type (WT) mice, we found that ginsenoside Rg3 treatment significantly mitigated pathological damages and reduced myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity as well as the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6); furthermore, the production of anti-inflammatory mediators interleukin-10 (IL-10) and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β), polarization of M2 macrophages and expression levels of the phosphorylation of phosphatidylinositol 3-hydroxy kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (PKB, also known as AKT), mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and Mer receptor tyrosine kinase (MerTK) were promoted. However, there were no significant differences with regards to the pathological damage, MPO levels, inflammatory cytokine levels, and protein expression levels of the phosphorylation of PI3K, AKT and mTOR between the LPS treatment group and ginsenoside Rg3 group in MerTK-/- mice. Taken together, the present study demonstrated that ginsenoside Rg3 could attenuate LPS-induced ALI by decreasing the levels of pro-inflammatory mediators and increasing the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines. These processes were mediated through MerTK-dependent activation of its downstream the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. These findings identified a new site of the specific anti-inflammatory mechanism of ginsenoside Rg3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Senyang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Luyao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Fen Du
- Hubei Center for Animal Diseases Control and Prevention, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoliu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Qiqi Song
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Junlong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Rui Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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30
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Cui H, Cai Y, Wang L, Jia B, Li J, Zhao S, Chu X, Lin J, Zhang X, Bian Y, Zhuang P. Berberine Regulates Treg/Th17 Balance to Treat Ulcerative Colitis Through Modulating the Gut Microbiota in the Colon. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:571. [PMID: 29904348 PMCID: PMC5991375 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Berberine (BBR), an alkaloid isolated from Rhizoma Coptidis, Cortex Phellode, and Berberis, has been widely used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). However, the mechanism of BBR on UC is unknown. In this study, we investigated the activities of T regulatory cell (Treg) and T helper 17 cell (Th17) in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced UC mouse model after BBR administration. We also investigated the changes of gut microbiota composition using 16S rRNA analysis. We also examined whether BBR could regulate the Treg/Th17 balance by modifying gut microbiota. The mechanism was further confirmed by depleting gut microbiota through a combination of antibiotic treatment and fecal transplantations. Results showed that BBR treatment could improve the Treg/Th17 balance in the DSS-induced UC model. BBR also reduced diversity of the gut microbiota and interfered with the relative abundance of Desulfovibrio, Eubacterium, and Bacteroides. Moreover, BBR treatment did not influence the Treg/Th17 balance after the depletion of gut microbiota. Our results also revealed that fecal transplantation from BBR-treated mice could relieve UC and regulate the Treg/Th17 balance. In conclusion, our study provides evidence that BBR prevents UC by modifying gut microbiota and regulating the balance of Treg/Th17.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huantian Cui
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuzi Cai
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Li Wang
- Tianjin Second People’s Hospital, Tianjin, China
| | - Beitian Jia
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Junchen Li
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuwu Zhao
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoqian Chu
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Jin Lin
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaoyu Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuhong Bian
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Pengwei Zhuang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
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31
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Tam NT, Quan TD, Hau DV, Hoang Anh NT, Tran TTT, Sa NH, Thien DD, Nhung LTH, Phong DT, Adorisio S, Delfino DV, Thuy TT. Anti-proliferative diterpenes from Dacrycarpus imbricatus. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:3357-3363. [PMID: 29781313 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1477149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
A new diterpene, cassipouryl hexadecanoate (2), in addition to the cassipourol (1) and four terpenes (3-6) were isolated from the twigs and leaves of Dacrycarpus imbricatus (Blume) de Laub. The structures of the two monocyclic diterpenes (1, 2), were elucidated on the basic of 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic data and compared with the literature. These two monocyclic diterpenes (1, 2) were tested for their anti-proliferative activity on acute myeloid leukemia (OCI-AML) cells. The results showed that 1 had significantly anti-proliferative activity whereas 2 was weakly active.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Thanh Tam
- Department of Natural Products Research, Institute of Chemistry , Ha Noi , Viet Nam.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology , Ha Noi , Viet Nam
| | - Tran Duc Quan
- Department of Natural Products Research, Institute of Chemistry , Ha Noi , Viet Nam
| | - Dang Viet Hau
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology , Ha Noi , Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Thi Hoang Anh
- Department of Natural Products Research, Institute of Chemistry , Ha Noi , Viet Nam.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology , Ha Noi , Viet Nam
| | - Thi Thanh Thuy Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology , Ha Noi , Viet Nam
| | - Nguyen Hoang Sa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology , Ha Noi , Viet Nam.,Department of Chemistry, University of Khanh Hoa , Ha Noi , Viet Nam
| | - Dao Duc Thien
- Department of Natural Products Research, Institute of Chemistry , Ha Noi , Viet Nam
| | - Le Thi Hong Nhung
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Hanoi University of Industry , Ha Noi , Viet Nam
| | - Dinh Thi Phong
- Department of Experimental Taxonomy and Genetic Diversity, Vietnam National Museum of Nature, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology , Ha Noi , Viet Nam
| | - Sabrina Adorisio
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Domenico V Delfino
- Section of Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, University of Perugia , Perugia , Italy
| | - Trinh Thi Thuy
- Department of Natural Products Research, Institute of Chemistry , Ha Noi , Viet Nam.,Department of Chemistry, Graduate University of Science and Technology , Ha Noi , Viet Nam
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32
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Locatelli M, Macchione N, Ferrante C, Chiavaroli A, Recinella L, Carradori S, Zengin G, Cesa S, Leporini L, Leone S, Brunetti L, Menghini L, Orlando G. Graminex Pollen: Phenolic Pattern, Colorimetric Analysis and Protective Effects in Immortalized Prostate Cells (PC3) and Rat Prostate Challenged with LPS. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23051145. [PMID: 29751604 PMCID: PMC6100541 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23051145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Prostatitis, a general term describing prostate inflammation, is a common disease that could be sustained by bacterial or non-bacterial infectious agents. The efficacy of herbal extracts with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects for blunting the burden of inflammation and oxidative stress, with possible improvements in clinical symptoms, is under investigation. Pollen extracts have been previously reported as promising agents in managing clinical symptoms related to prostatitis. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the protective effects of Graminex pollen (GraminexTM, Deshler, OH, USA), a commercially available product based on standardized pollen extracts, in rat prostate specimens, ex vivo. In this context, we studied the putative mechanism of action of pollen on multiple inflammatory pathways, including the reduction of prostaglandin E₂ (PGE₂), nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NFκB), and malondialdehyde (MDA), whose activities were significantly increased by inflammatory stimuli. We characterized by means of chromatographic and colorimetric studies the composition of Graminex pollen to better correlate the activity of pollen on immortalized prostate cells (PC3), and in rat prostate specimens challenged with Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS). We found that Graminex pollen was able to reduce radical oxygen species (ROS) production by PC3 cells and MDA, NFκB mRNA, and PGE₂ levels, in rat prostate specimens. According to our experimental evidence, Graminex pollen appears to be a promising natural product for the management of the inflammatory components in the prostate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Nicola Macchione
- Department of Urology, University of Milan, ASST Santi Paolo e Carlo, 20142 Milan, Italy.
| | - Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Science Faculty, Selcuk University, Konya 42075, Turkey.
| | - Stefania Cesa
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Lidia Leporini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University of Chieti-Pescara, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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Diuzheva A, Carradori S, Andruch V, Locatelli M, De Luca E, Tiecco M, Germani R, Menghini L, Nocentini A, Gratteri P, Campestre C. Use of Innovative (Micro)Extraction Techniques to Characterise Harpagophytum procumbens Root and its Commercial Food Supplements. PHYTOCHEMICAL ANALYSIS : PCA 2018; 29:233-241. [PMID: 29143440 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION For the determination of harpagoside and the wide phenolic pattern in Harpagophytum procumbens root and its commercial food supplements, dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME), ultrasound-assisted DLLME (UA-DLLME), and sugaring-out liquid-liquid extraction (SULLE) were tested and compared. OBJECTIVES In order to optimise the extraction efficiency, DLLME and UA-DLLME were performed in different solvents (water and aqueous solutions of glucose, β-cyclodextrin, (2-hydroxypropyl)-β-cyclodextrin, sodium chloride, natural deep eutectic solvent, and ionic liquid). MATERIAL AND METHODS The plant material was ground and sieved to obtain a uniform granulometry before extraction. Commercial food supplements, containing H. procumbens are commercially available in Italy. RESULTS The most effective sodium chloride-aided-DLLME was then optimised and applied for analyses followed by HPLC-PDA. For comparison, microwave-assisted extraction was performed using the same solvents and the best results were obtained using 1% of β-cyclodextrin or 15% of sodium chloride. CONCLUSION All commercial samples respected the European Pharmacopoeia monograph for this plant material, showing a harpagoside content ≥ 1.2%. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alina Diuzheva
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Vasil Andruch
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Pavol Jozef Šafárik University in Košice, Košice, Slovakia
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
- Interuniversity Consortium of Structural and Systems Biology, Rome, Italy
| | - Elisa De Luca
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Matteo Tiecco
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Raimondo Germani
- Department of Chemistry, Biology and Biotechnology, University of Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
| | - Alessio Nocentini
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Paola Gratteri
- Department NEUROFARBA - Pharmaceutical and Nutraceutical Section, Laboratory of Molecular Modeling Cheminformatics & QSAR, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Cristina Campestre
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti, Italy
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Khalid S, Ullah MZ, Khan AU, Afridi R, Rasheed H, Khan A, Ali H, Kim YS, Khan S. Antihyperalgesic Properties of Honokiol in Inflammatory Pain Models by Targeting of NF-κB and Nrf2 Signaling. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:140. [PMID: 29615898 PMCID: PMC5869907 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study investigates the possible anti-nociceptive effect of intraperitoneal (i.p.) honokiol: a phenolic compound originally isolated from Magnolia officinalis, in acute and chronic inflammatory pain models. Doses of 0.1, 5, and 10 mg/kg honokiol were administered in carrageenan induced pain and the dose (honokiol 10 mg/kg i.p.) with most significant response among behavioral tests was selected for further experiments. The i.p. administration of honokiol inhibits mechanical hyperalgesia, mechanical allodynia, and thermal hyperalgesia, without causing any apparent toxicity. To elucidate the effect of honokiol on various cytokines and antioxidant enzymes, quantitative real-time-PCR was performed to determine the expression levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines and antioxidant enzymes. It is demonstrated that honokiol significantly reduced the expression levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). Similarly, honokiol was also found to potentiate the expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) levels. Additionally, honokiol significantly reduced plasma nitrite levels as compared to complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA) induced group. X-ray analysis and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining of inflamed and treated paws showed that honokiol reduced the inflammation with significantly less leukocyte infiltration and soft tissue inflammation. In order to explore the possible mechanism of action of honokiol, agonists [piroxicam (5 mg/kg), tramadol (50 mg/kg), and gabapentin (5 mg/kg) i.p.] as well as antagonists [naloxone (4 mg/kg), olanzapine (10 mg/kg), and flumazenil (0.2 mg/kg) i.p.] were used to study involvement of various receptors on the anti-nociceptive effect of honokiol. The potential side effects of honokiol on muscle activity were assessed. An adverse effect testing of honokiol by liver and renal functions were also carried out. The effect of oral honokiol was also assessed on gastrointestinal (GIT) mucosa. Our results demonstrate that honokiol has a significant anti-nociceptive activity through inhibition of anti-inflammatory mediators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sidra Khalid
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Z. Ullah
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ashraf U. Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Ruqayya Afridi
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hina Rasheed
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Adnan Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Hussain Ali
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Yeong S. Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Salman Khan
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Toiu A, Mocan A, Vlase L, Pârvu AE, Vodnar DC, Gheldiu AM, Moldovan C, Oniga I. Phytochemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and in Vivo Anti-inflammatory Activity of Traditionally Used Romanian Ajuga laxmannii (Murray) Benth. ("Nobleman's Beard" - Barba Împăratului). Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:7. [PMID: 29551972 PMCID: PMC5840282 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
In the Romanian folk medicine, aerial parts of Ajuga laxmannii ("nobleman's beard," Romanian - "barba boierului" or "avrămească" or "creştinească") are traditionally used as galactagogue and anti-inflammatory agents. The present study aimed to evaluate the chemical composition (polyphenols, iridoids, and phytosterols), antioxidant, antimicrobial and in vivo anti-inflammatory activity of different extracts of A. laxmannii aerial parts. The major identified bioactive compounds were rutin, 8-O-acetylharpagide and β-sitosterol. The antioxidant activity of A. laxmannii extracts was evaluated using several methods, and the results showed good antiradical effects. Moreover, the antimicrobial evaluation showed a potent antifungal activity against C. albicans and P. funiculosum. Furthermore, the anti-inflammatory effect was determined by monitoring some parameters involved in the inflammatory process. The results obtained showed differences between the analyzed extracts; and therefore the importance of choosing the best solvent in order to extract the appropriate amount of bioactive compounds. A. laxmannii ethanol extract showed an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing total leukocytes, PMN, phagocytosis, and oxidative stress. Compared to diclofenac, only the 50 mg/mL A. laxmannii extract had better anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidative stress effects, and this could justify the importance of a correlation between the activity and the used concentration. These findings strongly suggest that A. laxmannii could be considered as a valuable source of bioactive compounds, which could be further valued as anti-inflammatory agents in the composition of several herbal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca Toiu
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Andrei Mocan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Laurian Vlase
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Alina E. Pârvu
- Department of Pathophysiology, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Dan C. Vodnar
- Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Food Science and Technology, University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ana-Maria Gheldiu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cadmiel Moldovan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Botany, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Ilioara Oniga
- Department of Pharmacognosy, “Iuliu Haţieganu” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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36
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Aragão TP, Prazeres LDKTD, Brito SA, Neto PJR, Rolim LA, Almeida JRGDS, Caldas GFR, Wanderley AG. Contribution of Secondary Metabolites to the Gastroprotective Effect of Aqueous Extract of Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae) Stem Bark in Rats. Molecules 2018; 23:E112. [PMID: 29315228 PMCID: PMC6017445 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23010112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/04/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Ximenia americana L. (Olacaceae) is used in ethnomedicine as cicatrizant and for the treatment of gastric disorders. This study identified the chemical constituents of the aqueous extract of X. americana (XaAE) and evaluated its antiulcerogenic activity. After lyophilization, XaAE was analyzed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and its antiulcerogenic effect was evaluated in acute gastric lesions induced by ethanol, acidified ethanol, and indomethacin. Antisecretory action, mucus production and the participation of sulfhydryl groups (-SH) and nitric oxide (NO) were also investigated. The chromatographic analysis identified procyanidins B and C and catechin/epicatechin as major compounds. Oral administration of XaAE (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) inhibited the gastric lesions induced by ethanol (76.1%, 77.5% and 100%, respectively), acidified ethanol (44.9%, 80.6% and 94.9%, respectively) and indomethacin (56.4%, 52.7% and 64.9%, respectively). XaAE reduced gastric contents and acidity (51.4% and 67.7%, respectively) but did not alter the production of gastric mucus. The reduction of the -SH and NO groups promoted by N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) and Nω-nitro-l-arginine-methyl-ester (L-NAME) respectively, reduced the gastroprotective effect of XaAE. In conclusion, XaAE has gastroprotective activity mediated in part by -SH, NO and antisecretory activity. This antiulcer action was initially correlated to its major constituents, procyanidins B and C and catechin/epicatechin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ticiana Parente Aragão
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-521, PE, Brazil.
- Department of Nutrition, University of Pernambuco, Petrolina 56328-903, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - Samara Alves Brito
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-521, PE, Brazil.
| | - Pedro José Rolim Neto
- Laboratory of Medication Technology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-521, PE, Brazil.
| | - Larissa Araújo Rolim
- Central of Analysis of Drugs, Medicines and Food, Federal University of San Francisco Valley, Petrolina 56304-205, PE, Brazil.
| | | | - Germana Freire Rocha Caldas
- Graduate Program in Health Sciences, Biological and Health Sciences Center, Federal University of Maranhão, São Luís 65080-805, MA, Brazil.
| | - Almir Gonçalves Wanderley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50740-521, PE, Brazil.
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, PE, Brazil.
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37
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Dai K, Yi XJ, Huang XJ, Muhammad A, Li M, Li J, Yang GZ, Gao Y. Hepatoprotective activity of iridoids, seco-iridoids and analog glycosides from Gentianaceae on HepG2 cells via CYP3A4 induction and mitochondrial pathway. Food Funct 2018; 9:2673-2683. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo00168e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Gentianaceae herb extracts have been widely used as food additives, teas or medicinal remedies for various diseases and disorders of the human body.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang Dai
- College of Pharmacy
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Xue-Jia Yi
- College of Pharmacy
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Xian-Ju Huang
- College of Pharmacy
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education
| | - Azhar Muhammad
- Comsats Institute of Information and Technology
- Sahiwal
- Pakistan
| | - Mei Li
- College of Pharmacy
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Pharmacy
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
| | - Guang-Zhong Yang
- College of Pharmacy
- South-Central University for Nationalities
- Wuhan 430074
- P. R. China
- National Demonstration Center for Experimental Ethnopharmacology Education
| | - Yue Gao
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology
- Beijing
- P.R. China
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38
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Wu H, Yang Y, Guo S, Yang J, Jiang K, Zhao G, Qiu C, Deng G. Nuciferine Ameliorates Inflammatory Responses by Inhibiting the TLR4-Mediated Pathway in Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Acute Lung Injury. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:939. [PMID: 29311940 PMCID: PMC5742629 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is a complex syndrome with sepsis occurring in critical patients, who usually lack effective therapy. Nuciferine is a primary bioactive component extracted from the lotus leaf, and it displays extensive pharmacological functions, including anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant properties. Nevertheless, the effects of nuciferine on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated ALI in mice has not been investigated. ALI of mice stimulated by LPS was used to determine the anti-inflammatory function of nuciferine. The molecular mechanism of nuciferine was performed on RAW264.7 macrophage cells. The results of pathological section, myeloperoxidase activity and lung wet/dry ratio showed that nuciferine alleviated LPS-induced lung injury (p < 0.05). qRT-PCR and ELISA experiments suggested that nuciferine inhibited TNF-α, IL-6, and IL-1β secretion in tissues and RAW264.7 cells but increased IL-10 secretion (p < 0.05). Molecular studies showed that TLR4 expression and nuclear factor (NF)-κB activation were both inhibited by nuciferine treatment (p < 0.05). To further investigate the anti-inflammatory mechanism of nuciferine, TLR4 was knocked down. When TLR4 was silenced, LPS induced the production of IL-1β, and TNF-α was markedly decreased by TLR4-siRNA and nuciferine treatment in LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells (p < 0.05). These results suggested that nuciferine had the ability to protect against LPS-stimulated ALI. Thus, nuciferine may be a potential drug for treating LPS-induced pulmonary inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichong Wu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Yaping Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing Yang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kangfeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Gan Zhao
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Changwei Qiu
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Ganzhen Deng
- Department of Clinical Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
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39
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Shih CC, Hwang HR, Chang CI, Su HM, Chen PC, Kuo HM, Li PJ, Wang HMD, Tsui KH, Lin YC, Huang SY, Wen ZH. Anti-Inflammatory and Antinociceptive Effects of Ethyl Acetate Fraction of an Edible Red Macroalgae Sarcodia ceylanica. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:ijms18112437. [PMID: 29149031 PMCID: PMC5713404 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18112437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2017] [Revised: 10/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Research so far has only shown that edible red macroalgae, Sarcodia ceylanica has the ability to eliminate free radicals and anti-diabetic, anti-bacterial properties. This study was conducted both in vitro and in vivo on the ethyl acetate extract (PD1) of farmed red macroalgae in order to explore its anti-inflammatory properties. In order to study the in vitro anti-inflammatory effects of PD1, we used lipopolysaccharide (LPS) to induce inflammatory responses in murine macrophages. For evaluating the potential in vivo anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive effects of PD1, we used carrageenan-induced rat paw edema to produce inflammatory pain. The in vitro results indicated that PD1 inhibited the LPS-induced pro-inflammatory protein, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in macrophages. Oral PD1 can reduce carrageenan-induced paw edema and inflammatory nociception. PD1 can significantly inhibit carrageenan-induced leukocyte infiltration, as well as the protein expression of inflammatory mediators (iNOS, interleukin-1β, and myeloperoxidase) in inflammatory tissue. The above results indicated that PD1 has great potential to be turned into a functional food or used in the development of new anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agents. The results from this study are expected to help scientists in the continued development of Sarcodia ceylanica for other biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chieh-Chih Shih
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
- Department of Marketing and Distribution Management, Fortune Institute of Technology, Kaohsiung 83158, Taiwan.
| | - Hwong-Ru Hwang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Pingtung Christian Hospital, Pingtung 90059, Taiwan.
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
| | - Chi-I Chang
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung 91201, Taiwan.
| | - Huei-Meei Su
- Tungkang Biotechnology Research Center, Fisheries Research Institute, Council of Agriculture, Pingtung 92845, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Chin Chen
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Hsiao-Mei Kuo
- Center for Neuroscience, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Pei-Jyuan Li
- Marine Biomedical Laboratory and Center for Translational Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Hui-Min David Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan.
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China.
| | - Kuan-Hao Tsui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan.
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Institute of Clinical Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei 11221, Taiwan.
- Department of Pharmacy and Graduate Institute of Pharmaceutical Technology, Tajen University, Pingtung 90741, Taiwan.
| | - Yu-Chi Lin
- Division of Chinese Materia Medica Development, National Research Institute of Chinese Medicine, Taipei 112, Taiwan.
| | - Shi-Ying Huang
- College of Oceanology and Food Science, Quanzhou Normal University, Quanzhou 362000, China.
- Fujian Province Key Laboratory for the Development of Bioactive Material from Marine Algae, Quanzhou 362000, China.
- Key Laboratory of Inshore Resources Biotechnology (Quanzhou Normal University), Fujian Province University, Quanzhou 362000, China.
| | - Zhi-Hong Wen
- Doctoral Degree Program in Marine Biotechnology, National Sun Yat-sen University and Academia Sinica, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
- Marine Biomedical Laboratory and Center for Translational Biopharmaceuticals, Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
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40
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Wang L, Yu Z, Wan S, Wu F, Chen W, Zhang B, Lin D, Liu J, Xie H, Sun X, Wu Z. Exosomes Derived from Dendritic Cells Treated with Schistosoma japonicum Soluble Egg Antigen Attenuate DSS-Induced Colitis. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:651. [PMID: 28959207 PMCID: PMC5603738 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Exosomes are 30–150 nm small membrane vesicles that are released into the extracellular medium via cells that function as a mode of intercellular communication. Dendritic cell (DC)-derived exosomes modulate immune responses and prevent the development of autoimmune diseases. Moreover, Schistosoma japonicum eggs show modulatory effects in a mouse model of colitis. Therefore, we hypothesized that exosomes derived from DCs treated with S. japonicum soluble eggs antigen (SEA; SEA-treated DC exosomes) would be useful for treating inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Exosomes were purified from the supernatant of DCs treated or untreated with SEA and identified via transmission electron microscopy, western blotting and NanoSight. Acute colitis was induced via the administration of dextran sulfate sodium (DSS) in drinking water (5.0%, wt/vol). Treatment with exosomes was conducted via intraperitoneal injection (i.p.; 50 μg per mouse) from day 0 to day 6. Clinical scores were calculated based on weight loss, stool type, and bleeding. Colon length was measured as an indirect marker of inflammation, and colon macroscopic characteristics were determined. Body weight loss and the disease activity index of DSS-induced colitis mice decreased significantly following treatment with SEA-treated DC exosomes. Moreover, the colon lengths of SEA-treated DC exosomes treated colitis mice improved, and their mean colon macroscopic scores decreased. In addition, histologic examinations and histological scores showed that SEA-treated DC exosomes prevented colon damage in acute DSS-induced colitis mice. These results indicate that SEA-treated DC exosomes attenuate the severity of acute DSS-induced colitis mice more effectively than DC exosomes. The current work suggests that SEA-treated DC exosomes may be useful as a new approach to treat IBD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifu Wang
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector ControlGuangzhou, China
| | - Zilong Yu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector ControlGuangzhou, China
| | - Shuo Wan
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector ControlGuangzhou, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Pancreatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Beibei Zhang
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector ControlGuangzhou, China
| | - Datao Lin
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector ControlGuangzhou, China
| | - Jiahua Liu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector ControlGuangzhou, China
| | - Hui Xie
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector ControlGuangzhou, China
| | - Xi Sun
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector ControlGuangzhou, China
| | - Zhongdao Wu
- Department of Parasitology of Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou, China.,Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Biological Vector ControlGuangzhou, China
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41
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Gou KJ, Zeng R, Dong Y, Hu QQ, Hu HWY, Maffucci KG, Dou QL, Yang QB, Qin XH, Qu Y. Anti-inflammatory and Analgesic Effects of Polygonum orientale L. Extracts. Front Pharmacol 2017; 8:562. [PMID: 28912714 PMCID: PMC5582316 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2017] [Accepted: 08/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose:Polygonum orientale L. (family: Polygonaceae), named Hongcao in China, is a Traditional Chinese Medicinal and has long been used for rheumatic arthralgia and rheumatoid arthritis. However, no pharmacological and mechanism study to confirm these clinic effects have been published. In this investigation, the anti-inflammatory, analgesic effects and representative active ingredient compounds of P. orientale have been studied. Methods: Dried small pieces of the stems and leaves of P. orientale were decocted with water and partitioned successively to obtain ethyl acetate and ethyl ether extract of P. orientale (POEa and POEe). Chemical compositions of them were analyzed by UPLC-Q-Exactive HRMS. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of POEa and POEe were evaluated using xylene induced ear edema, carrageenan induced paw edema, Freunds' complete adjuvant induced arthritis, and formaldehyde induced pain in rat. Their mechanisms of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects were also studied via assays of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2 in serum. Results: UPLC-Q-Exactive HRMS analysis showed that POEa and POEe mainly contained flavonoids including orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, luteolin, and quercetin. Furthermore, anti-inflammatory effects of POEa and POEe were evident in xylene induced ear edema. The paw edema in Freund's complete adjuvant and carrageenan were significantly (P < 0.05, 0.01) inhibited by POEa (5, 7.5 g/kg). POEe (7.5 g/kg) was significantly (P < 0.05, 0.01) inhibited Freunds' complete adjuvant induced paw edema and cotton pellet induced granuloma formation. Similarly, POEe significantly (P < 0.05, 0.01) inhibited the pain sensation in acetic acid induced writhing test. POEa (5, 7.5 g/kg) significantly (P < 0.05, 0.01) inhibited formaldehyde induced pain in both phases. POEa (7.5 g/kg) markedly (P < 0.05) prolonged the latency period of hot plate test after 30 and 60 min. The concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2 were significantly (P < 0.01) decreased by POEa (3.75, 5 g/kg). Conclusion: POEa and POEe have anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects, which was mainly relevant to the presence of flavonoids, including orientin, isoorientin, vitexin, luteolin, and quercetin. The mechanism of anti-inflammatory and analgesic effects of POEa may be to decrease the concentrations of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and PGE2 in serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kai-Jun Gou
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- College of Pharmacy, Southwest University for NationalitiesChengdu, China
| | - Yan Dong
- Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu, China
| | - Qi-Qi Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu, China
| | - Huang-Wan-Yin Hu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu, China
| | | | - Qi-Ling Dou
- Guizhou Yibai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Guizhou, China
| | - Qing-Bo Yang
- Guizhou Yibai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Guizhou, China
| | - Xu-Hua Qin
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu, China
| | - Yan Qu
- College of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu, China
- Guizhou Yibai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.Guizhou, China
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42
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Valorisation of softwood bark through extraction of utilizable chemicals. A review. Biotechnol Adv 2017; 35:726-750. [PMID: 28739505 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.07.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Softwood bark is an important source for producing chemicals and materials as well as bioenergy. Extraction is regarded as a key technology for obtaining chemicals in general, and valorizing bark as a source of such chemicals in particular. In this paper, properties of 237 compounds identified in various studies dealing with extraction of softwood bark were described. Finally, some challenges and perspectives on the production of chemicals from bark are discussed.
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43
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Ferrante C, Recinella L, Locatelli M, Guglielmi P, Secci D, Leporini L, Chiavaroli A, Leone S, Martinotti S, Brunetti L, Vacca M, Menghini L, Orlando G. Protective Effects Induced by Microwave-Assisted Aqueous Harpagophytum Extract on Rat Cortex Synaptosomes Challenged with Amyloid β-Peptide. Phytother Res 2017. [PMID: 28635142 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.5850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Harpagophytum procumbens is a plant species that displays anti-inflammatory properties in multiple tissues. The iridoid glycosides arpagoside, harpagide, and procumbide appear to be the most therapeutically important constituents. In addition, harpagoside treatment exerted neuroprotective effects both in vitro and in vivo. Considering these findings, the aim of the present work is to explore the possible protective role of the previously described microwave-assisted aqueous extract of H. procumbens on rat hypothalamic (Hypo-E22) cells, and in rat cortex challenged with amyloid β-peptide (1-40). In this context, we assayed the protective effects induced by H. procumbens by measuring the levels of malondialdehyde, 3-hydroxykynurenine (3-HK), brain-derived neurotrophic factor, and tumor necrosis factor-α, 3-HK. Finally, we evaluated the effects of H. procumbens treatment on cortex levels of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin. H. procumbens extract was well tolerated by Hypo-E22 cells and upregulated brain-derived neurotrophic factor gene expression but down-regulated tumor necrosis factor-α gene expression. In addition, the extract reduced amyloid β-peptide stimulation of malondialdehyde and 3-HK and blunted the decrease of dopamine, norepinephrine, and serotonin, in the cortex. In this context, our work supports further studies for the evaluation and confirmation of Harpagophytum in the management of the clinical symptoms related to Alzheimer's disease. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudio Ferrante
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Lucia Recinella
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Paolo Guglielmi
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Daniela Secci
- Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Lidia Leporini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Annalisa Chiavaroli
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sheila Leone
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Sara Martinotti
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Brunetti
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Michele Vacca
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Giustino Orlando
- Department of Pharmacy, G. D'Annunzio University Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
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