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Shafaei A, Hill CR, Hodgson JM, Blekkenhorst LC, Boyce MC. Simultaneous extraction and quantitative analysis of S-Methyl-l-Cysteine Sulfoxide, sulforaphane and glucosinolates in cruciferous vegetables by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Food Chem X 2024; 21:101065. [PMID: 38187949 PMCID: PMC10767375 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2023.101065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Sulfur containing compounds including glucosinolates (GLS), sulforaphane (SFN) and S-methyl-l-cysteine sulfoxide (SMCSO) have been proposed to be partly responsible for the beneficial health effects of cruciferous vegetables. As such, greater understanding of their measurements within foods is important to estimate intake in humans and to inform dietary intervention studies. Herein is described a simple and sensitive method for simultaneous analysis of 20 GLS, SFN and SMCSO by liquid chromatography mass spectrometry. Analytes were effectively retained and resolved on an Xbridge C18 column. Detection can be achieved using high resolution or unit resolution mass spectrometry; the latter making the method more applicable to large studies. Quantitative analysis using calibration standards was demonstrated for 10 GLS, SFN and SMCSO. A further 10 GLS were tentatively identified using high resolution mass spectrometry. The use of surrogate GLS standards was shown to be unreliable, with closely related GLS displaying significantly different ionisation efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armaghan Shafaei
- Centre for Integrative Metabolomics & Computational Biology, School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Caroline R. Hill
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jonathan M. Hodgson
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Australia
| | - Lauren C. Blekkenhorst
- Nutrition and Health Innovation Research Institute, School of Medical and Health Sciences, Edith Cowan University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
- Royal Perth Hospital Research Foundation, Perth, Australia
| | - Mary C. Boyce
- School of Science, Edith Cowan University, Joondalup, Western Australia, Australia
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Belošević SD, Milinčić DD, Gašić UM, Kostić AŽ, Salević-Jelić AS, Marković JM, Đorđević VB, Lević SM, Pešić MB, Nedović VA. Broccoli, Amaranth, and Red Beet Microgreen Juices: The Influence of Cold-Pressing on the Phytochemical Composition and the Antioxidant and Sensory Properties. Foods 2024; 13:757. [PMID: 38472870 DOI: 10.3390/foods13050757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to analyze in detail the phytochemical composition of amaranth (AMJ), red beet (RBJ), and broccoli (BCJ) microgreens and cold-pressed juices and to evaluate the antioxidant and sensory properties of the juices. The results showed the presence of various phenolic compounds in all samples, namely betalains in amaranth and red beet microgreens, while glucosinolates were only detected in broccoli microgreens. Phenolic acids and derivatives dominated in amaranth and broccoli microgreens, while apigenin C-glycosides were most abundant in red beet microgreens. Cold-pressing of microgreens into juice significantly altered the profiles of bioactive compounds. Various isothiocyanates were detected in BCJ, while more phenolic acid aglycones and their derivatives with organic acids (quinic acid and malic acid) were identified in all juices. Microgreen juices exhibited good antioxidant properties, especially ABTS•+ scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power. Microgreen juices had mild acidity, low sugar content, and good sensory acceptability and quality with the typical flavors of the respective microgreen species. Cold-pressed microgreen juices from AMJ, RBJ, and BCJ represent a rich source of bioactive compounds and can be characterized as novel functional products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Spasoje D Belošević
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Danijel D Milinčić
- Food Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uroš M Gašić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research Siniša Stanković-National Institute of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandar Ž Kostić
- Food Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana S Salević-Jelić
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jovana M Marković
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Verica B Đorđević
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology and Metallurgy, University of Belgrade, Karnegijeva 4, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Steva M Lević
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana B Pešić
- Food Chemistry and Biochemistry Laboratory, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Viktor A Nedović
- Food Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Food Technology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
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Miao Z, Yu X, Zhang L, Zhu L, Sheng H. UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap-MS and network pharmacology for deciphering the active compounds and mechanisms of stir-fried Raphani Semen in treating functional dyspepsia. Technol Health Care 2024; 32:2353-2379. [PMID: 38517816 DOI: 10.3233/thc-231122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As a traditional digestive medicine, stir-fried Raphani Semen (SRS) has been used to treat food retention for thousands of years in China. Modern research has shown that SRS has a good therapeutic effect on functional dyspepsia (FD). However, the active components and mechanism of SRS in the treatment of FD are still unclear. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to elucidate the material basis and mechanism of SRS for treating FD based on UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS combined with network pharmacology and molecular docking. METHODS The compounds of SRS water decoction were identified by UPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS and the potential targets of these compounds were predicted by Swiss Target Prediction. FD-associated targets were collected from disease databases. The overlapped targets of SRS and FD were imported into STRING to construct Protein-Protein Interaction (PPI) network. Then, the Metascape was used to analyze Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway after introducing overlapped targets. Finally, the active components and core targets were obtained by analyzing the "component-target-pathway" network, and the affinity between them was verified by molecular docking. RESULTS 53 components were identified, and 405 targets and 1487 FD-related targets were collected. GO and KEGG analysis of 174 overlapped targets showed that SRS had important effects on hormone levels, serotonin synapses, calcium signaling pathway and cAMP signaling pathway. 7 active components and 15 core targets were screened after analyzing the composite network. Molecular docking results showed that multiple active components had high affinity with most core targets. CONCLUSION SRS can treat FD through a variety of pathways, which provides a direction for the modern application of SRS in FD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuang Miao
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Xinyue Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Lizhen Zhang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Liqiao Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Huagang Sheng
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, China
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Bell L, Chadwick M, Puranik M, Jasper J, Tudor R, Methven L, Wagstaff C. Genotypes of Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa grown in contrasting field environments differ on transcriptomic and metabolomic levels, significantly impacting nutritional quality. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1218984. [PMID: 38023917 PMCID: PMC10652768 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1218984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Rocket (Eruca vesicaria subsp. sativa) is a source of sulfur-containing glucosinolates (GSLs). GSLs and their breakdown hydrolysis products (GHPs) are responsible for health-related benefits, such as anti-cancer and anti-neurodegenerative properties. Understanding how phytochemical composition changes between cultivation environments is key to developing cultivars with improved nutritional quality. Two consecutive harvests (first and second regrowth) of crops, grown in both Italy and the UK, were used to determine the phytochemical and transcriptomic differences between six lines of Eruca. Samples were taken upon delivery from field sites (D0) and after five days of cold storage (D5) for each location. Leaves were analysed for sulfur content, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), GSLs, GHPs, and sugars. Transcriptome data were associated with metabolite profiles to identify differentially expressed genes between plants grown in the two environments. VOC compounds (carbon disulfide, methyl thiocyanate) were associated with growth environment and with differences in sulfur metabolism gene expression (APR2, LSU2, LSU3, SDI1, SiR), GSL biosynthesis (MYB28, FMOGS-OX2) and GHP formation (ESM1, TGG1, TGG2). The concentrations of sugars were an order of magnitude greater in UK grown samples (up to 29.9 mg g-1 dry weight; dw). Sulfur content was significantly higher in the Italy plant samples (11.4 - 20.1 mg g-1 dw), which was in turn associated with higher concentrations of GSLs (pentyl GSL, up to 15.8 μmol g-1 dw; sinigrin, up to 0.005 μmol g-1 dw; glucoraphanin, up to 5.1 μmol g-1 dw; glucorucolamine, up to 23.6 μmol g-1 dw; neoglucobrassicin, up to 5.3 μmol g-1 dw) and hydrolysis products (sativin, up to 13.5 μmol g-1 dw; erucin, up to 1 μmol g-1 dw; sulforaphane, up to 34.7 μmol g-1 dw). VOC profiles of plants cultivated in the UK were distinct from Italy grown plants, with higher relative abundances of alkanes and esters in second cut and shelf-life (D5) samples. The data indicate a significant interaction of cultivar response with environment, highlighting the difficulty of producing Eruca crops with consistent phytochemical and postharvest traits. Genes with differential expression between plants grown in Italy and the UK could be used as markers of phytochemical quality and composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bell
- School of Agriculture, Policy & Development, Crop Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Chadwick
- School of Chemistry, Food & Pharmacy, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Manik Puranik
- School of Chemistry, Food & Pharmacy, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Jake Jasper
- School of Chemistry, Food & Pharmacy, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Richard Tudor
- Vegetable Plant Breeding, Elsoms Seeds Ltd., Spalding, United Kingdom
| | - Lisa Methven
- School of Chemistry, Food & Pharmacy, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Wagstaff
- School of Chemistry, Food & Pharmacy, Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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Crescenzi MA, Cerulli A, Montoro P, Piacente S. Metabolite Profiling for Typization of "Rucola della Piana del Sele" (PGI), Eruca sativa, through UHPLC-Q-Exactive-Orbitrap-MS/MS Analysis. Foods 2023; 12:3384. [PMID: 37761093 PMCID: PMC10529767 DOI: 10.3390/foods12183384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In August 2020, the Eruca sativa cultivar "Rucola della Piana del Sele" obtained from the European Union the prestigious PGI (protected geographical indication) label, which certifies the uniqueness of its characteristics and increases its prestige both nationally and, above all, internationally. This plant is recognized as a product of excellence, with a unique flavor and unmistakable aroma. Therefore, since there are no methods to characterize the PGI product, a metabolomic approach was applied to characterize E. sativa grown in the Piana del Sele and different geographical areas. As E. sativa has very wide cultivation, this study sought to compare the metabolite profiles of rocket grown in Piana del Sele, Bergamo, and Brescia, as well as in Switzerland, making a comparison also with the metabolite profile of E. sativa grown spontaneously. To determine the best procedure to distinguish "Rucola della Piana del Sele" from the others, different extraction procedures were carried out using different solvents and fresh or freeze-dried plant matrices. The different extracts were analyzed by liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry experiments, using chemometric analyses to identify biomarker metabolites that characterize the PGI product. The LC-ESI-Q-Exactive-MS/MS profiles of methanol and hydroalcoholic extracts of different cultivars of E. sativa were found to be rich in bioactive compounds such as glucosinolates, glycosylated flavonoids, fatty acids, and lipids. The LCMS data were analyzed by principal component analysis (PCA); the score scatter plot shows significant separation among Eruca samples grown in different geographical areas. In detail, loading the scatter plot revealed Eruca grown in Piana del Sele to be richer than other cultivars in glycosylated quercetin 3,3',4'-O-triglucoside (7), quercetin-3,4'-O-diglucoside-3'-O-(6-sinapoyl-glucoside) (10), and quercetin diglucoside (30). Finally, considering the biological interest in erucin, the myrosinase product of glucoerucin, the latter was quantified in the extracts by LC-ESI/QTrap/MS/MS using the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) method; E. sativa from Piana del Sele showed the highest content of glucoerucin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Assunta Crescenzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Study of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (M.A.C.); (A.C.); (S.P.)
- PhD Program in Drug Discovery & Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of the Study of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy
| | - Antonietta Cerulli
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Study of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (M.A.C.); (A.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Paola Montoro
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Study of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (M.A.C.); (A.C.); (S.P.)
| | - Sonia Piacente
- Department of Pharmacy, University of the Study of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II, 132, I-84084 Fisciano, SA, Italy; (M.A.C.); (A.C.); (S.P.)
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Seeburger P, Forsman H, Bevilacqua G, Marques TM, Morales LO, Prado SBR, Strid Å, Hyötyläinen T, Castro-Alves V. From farm to fork… and beyond! UV enhances Aryl hydrocarbon receptor-mediated activity of cruciferous vegetables in human intestinal cells upon colonic fermentation. Food Chem 2023; 426:136588. [PMID: 37352713 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2023.136588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/25/2023]
Abstract
While the "farm to fork" strategy ticks many boxes in the sustainability agenda, it does not go far enough in addressing how we can improve crop nutraceutical quality. Here, we explored whether supplementary ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure during growth of broccoli and Chinese cabbage can induce bioactive tryptophan- and glucosinolate-specific metabolite accumulation thereby enhancing Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) activation in human intestinal cells. By combining metabolomics analysis of both plant extracts and in vitro human colonic fermentation extracts with AhR reporter cell assay, we reveal that human colonic fermentation of UVB-exposed Chinese cabbage led to enhanced AhR activation in human intestinal cells by 23% compared to plants grown without supplementary UV. Thus, by exploring aspects beyond "from farm to fork", our study highlights a new strategy to enhance nutraceutical quality of Brassicaceae, while also providing new insights into the effects of cruciferous vegetables on human intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Seeburger
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden
| | - H Forsman
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden
| | - G Bevilacqua
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 703 62 Örebro, Sweden; School of Human Health Sciences, University of Florence, 501 34 Florence, Italy
| | - T M Marques
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 703 62 Örebro, Sweden
| | - L O Morales
- Life Science Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden
| | - S B R Prado
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Örebro University, 703 62 Örebro, Sweden
| | - Å Strid
- Life Science Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden
| | - T Hyötyläinen
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden
| | - V Castro-Alves
- Man-Technology-Environment Research Centre, School of Science and Technology, Örebro University, 702 81 Örebro, Sweden.
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Salt-Affected Rocket Plants as a Possible Source of Glucosinolates. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065510. [PMID: 36982584 PMCID: PMC10056271 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Soil salinity can have various negative consequences on agricultural products, from their quality and production to their aesthetic traits. In this work, the possibility to use salt-affected vegetables, that otherwise would be discarded, as a source of nutraceuticals was explored. To this aim, rocket plants, a vegetable featuring bioactive compounds such as glucosinolates, were exposed to increasing NaCl concentrations in hydroponics and analysed for their content in bioactive compounds. Salt levels higher than 68 mM produced rocket plants that did not comply with European Union regulations and would therefore be considered a waste product. Anyway, our findings, obtained by Liquid Chromatography-High Resolution Mass Spectrometry, demonstrated a significant increase in glucosinolates levels in such salt-affected plants. opening the opportunity for a second life of these market discarded products to be recycled as glucosinolates source. Furthermore, an optimal situation was found at NaCl 34 mM in which not only were the aesthetic traits of rocket plants not affected, but also the plants revealed a significant enrichment in glucosinolates. This can be considered an advantageous situation in which the resulting vegetables still appealed to the market and showed improved nutraceutical aspects.
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8
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Castellaneta A, Losito I, Cisternino G, Leoni B, Santamaria P, Calvano CD, Bianco G, Cataldi TRI. All Ion Fragmentation Analysis Enhances the Untargeted Profiling of Glucosinolates in Brassica Microgreens by Liquid Chromatography and High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2022; 33:2108-2119. [PMID: 36264209 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.2c00208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
An analytical approach based on reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled to electrospray ionization Fourier-transform mass spectrometry in negative ion mode (RPLC-ESI-(-)-FTMS) was developed for the untargeted characterization of glucosinolates (GSL) in the polar extracts of four Brassica microgreen crops, namely, garden cress, rapeseed, kale, and broccoli raab. Specifically, the all ion fragmentation (AIF) operation mode enabled by a quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer, i.e., the systematic fragmentation of all ions generated in the electrospray source, followed by the acquisition of an FTMS spectrum, was exploited. First, the best qualifying product ions for GSL were recognized from higher-energy collisional dissociation (HCD)-FTMS2 spectra of representative standard GSL. Extracted ion chromatograms (EIC) were subsequently obtained for those ions from RPLC-ESI(-)-AIF-FTMS data referred to microgreen extracts, by plotting the intensity of their signals as a function of retention time. The alignment of peaks detected in the EIC traces was finally exploited for the recognition of peaks potentially related to GSL, with the EIC obtained for the sulfate radical anion [SO4]•- (exact m/z 95.9523) providing the highest selectivity. Each putative GSL was subsequently characterized by HCD-FTMS2 analyses and by collisionally induced dissociation (CID) multistage MSn (n = 2, 3) acquisitions based on a linear ion trap mass spectrometer. As a result, up to 27 different GSLs were identified in the four Brassica microgreens. The general method described in this work appears as a promising approach for the study of GSL, known and novel, in plant extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Castellaneta
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Ilario Losito
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giovanni Cisternino
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Beniamino Leoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Ambientali e Territoriali, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Pietro Santamaria
- Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Ambientali e Territoriali, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Cosima Damiana Calvano
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuliana Bianco
- Dipartimento di Scienze, Università degli Studi della Basilicata, viale dell'Ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Tommaso R I Cataldi
- Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Centro Interdipartimentale SMART, Università degli Studi di Bari "Aldo Moro", via Orabona 4, 70126 Bari, Italy
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9
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Hossain MN, De Leo V, Tamborra R, Laselva O, Ingrosso C, Daniello V, Catucci L, Losito I, Sollitto F, Loizzi D, Conese M, Di Gioia S. Characterization of anti-proliferative and anti-oxidant effects of nano-sized vesicles from Brassica oleracea L. (Broccoli). Sci Rep 2022; 12:14362. [PMID: 35999223 PMCID: PMC9399156 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17899-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this in vitro study, we test our hypothesis that Broccoli-derived vesicles (BDVs), combining the anti-oxidant properties of their components and the advantages of their structure, can influence the metabolic activity of different cancer cell lines. BDVs were isolated from homogenized fresh broccoli (Brassica oleracea L.) using a sucrose gradient ultracentrifugation method and were characterized in terms of physical properties, such as particle size, morphology, and surface charge by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and laser doppler electrophoresis (LDE). Glucosinolates content was assessed by RPLC–ESI–MS analysis. Three different human cancer cell lines (colorectal adenocarcinoma Caco-2, lung adenocarcinoma NCI-H441 and neuroblastoma SHSY5Y) were evaluated for metabolic activity by the MTT assay, uptake by fluorescence and confocal microscopy, and anti-oxidant activity by a fluorimetric assay detecting intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Three bands were obtained with average size measured by TEM based size distribution analysis of 52 nm (Band 1), 70 nm (Band 2), and 82 nm (Band 3). Glucobrassicin, glucoraphanin and neoglucobrassicin were found mostly concentrated in Band 1. BDVs affected the metabolic activity of different cancer cell lines in a dose dependent manner compared with untreated cells. Overall, Band 2 and 3 were more toxic than Band 1 irrespective of the cell lines. BDVs were taken up by cells in a dose- and time-dependent manner. Pre-incubation of cells with BDVs resulted in a significant decrease in ROS production in Caco-2 and NCI-H441 stimulated with hydrogen peroxide and SHSY5Y treated with 6-hydroxydopamine, with all three Bands. Our findings open to the possibility to find a novel “green” approach for cancer treatment, focused on using vesicles from broccoli, although a more in-depth characterization of bioactive molecules is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Niamat Hossain
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | | | - Rosanna Tamborra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Onofrio Laselva
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Chiara Ingrosso
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute for Physical and Chemical Processes (CNR-IPCF S.S. Bari), c/o Department of Chemistry, University of Bari "A. Moro", Bari, Italy
| | - Valeria Daniello
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Lucia Catucci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Ilario Losito
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Francesco Sollitto
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
| | - Domenico Loizzi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Massimo Conese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.
| | - Sante Di Gioia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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10
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Friedrichs J, Schweiger R, Geisler S, Neumann JM, Sadzik SJM, Niehaus K, Müller C. Development of a polyphagous leaf beetle on different host plant species and its detoxification of glucosinolates. Front Ecol Evol 2022. [DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2022.960850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbivores face a broad range of defences when feeding on plants. By mixing diets, polyphagous herbivores are assumed to benefit during their development by gaining a better nutritional balance and reducing the intake of toxic compounds from individual plant species. Nevertheless, they also show strategies to metabolically cope with plant defences. In this study, we investigated the development of the polyphagous tansy leaf beetle, Galeruca tanaceti (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), on mono diets consisting of one plant species [cabbage (Brassica rapa), Brassicaceae; lettuce (Lactuca sativa), or tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), Asteraceae] vs. two mixed diets, both containing tansy. Leaves of the three species were analysed for contents of water, carbon and nitrogen, the specific leaf area (SLA) and trichome density. Furthermore, we studied the insect metabolism of two glucosinolates, characteristic defences of Brassicaceae. Individuals reared on cabbage mono diet developed fastest and showed the highest survival, while the development was slowest for individuals kept on tansy mono diet. Cabbage had the lowest water content, while tansy had the highest water content, C/N ratio and trichome density and the lowest SLA. Lettuce showed the lowest C/N ratio, highest SLA and no trichomes. Analysis of insect samples with UHPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS/MS revealed that benzyl glucosinolate was metabolised to N-benzoylglycine, N-benzoylalanine and N-benzoylserine. MALDI-Orbitrap-MS imaging revealed the localisation of these metabolites in the larval hindgut region. 4-Hydroxybenzyl glucosinolate was metabolised to N-(4-hydroxybenzoyl)glycine. Our results highlight that G. tanaceti deals with toxic hydrolysis products of glucosinolates by conjugation with different amino acids, which may enable this species to develop well on cabbage. The high trichome density and/or specific plant chemistry may lower the accessibility and/or digestibility of tansy leaves, leading to a poorer beetle development on pure tansy diet or diet mixes containing tansy. Thus, diet mixing is not necessarily beneficial, if one of the plant species is strongly defended.
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11
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Mocniak LE, Elkin KR, Dillard SL, Bryant RB, Soder KJ. Building comprehensive glucosinolate profiles for brassica varieties. Talanta 2022; 251:123814. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2022] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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12
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Unique metabolism of different glucosinolates in larvae and adults of a leaf beetle specialised on Brassicaceae. Sci Rep 2022; 12:10905. [PMID: 35764778 PMCID: PMC9240079 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14636-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassicaceae plants contain glucosinolates, which are hydrolysed by myrosinases to toxic products such as isothiocyanates and nitriles, acting as defences. Herbivores have evolved various detoxification strategies, which are reviewed here. Larvae of Phaedon cochleariae (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) metabolise hydrolysis products of benzenic glucosinolates by conjugation with aspartic acid. In this study, we investigated whether P. cochleariae uses the same metabolic pathway for structurally different glucosinolates, whether the metabolism differs between adults and larvae and which hydrolysis products are formed as intermediates. Feeding experiments were performed with leaves of watercress (Nasturtium officinale, Brassicaceae) and pea (Pisum sativum, non-Brassicaceae), to which glucosinolates with structurally different side chains (benzenic, indole or aliphatic) or their hydrolysis products were applied. Samples were analysed by UHPLC-QTOF-MS/MS or TD–GC–MS. The same aspartic acid conjugates as previously identified in larvae were also detected as major metabolites of benzenic glucosinolates in adults. Indol-3-ylmethyl glucosinolate was mainly metabolised to N-(1H-indol-3-ylcarbonyl) glutamic acid in adults and larvae, while the metabolism of 2-propenyl glucosinolate remains unclear. The metabolism may thus proceed primarily via isothiocyanates rather than via nitriles, while the hydrolysis occurs independently of plant myrosinases. A detoxification by conjugation with these amino acids is not yet known from other Brassicaceae-feeders.
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13
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Missinou AA, Ferreira de Carvalho J, Marnet N, Delhaye T, Hamzaoui O, Abdel Sayed D, Guitton Y, Lebreton L, Langrume C, Laperche A, Delourme R, Manzanares-Dauleux MJ, Bouchereau A, Gravot A. Identification and Quantification of Glucosinolates and Phenolics in a Large Panel of Brassica napus Highlight Valuable Genetic Resources for Chemical Ecology and Breeding. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:5245-5261. [PMID: 35420430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c08118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolate (GLS) and phenolic contents in Brassicaceae contribute to biotic and abiotic stress responses. Breeding crop accessions harboring agroecologically relevant metabolic profiles require a characterization of the chemical diversity in Brassica germplasm. This work investigates the diversity of specialized metabolites in 281 accessions of B. napus. First, an LC-HRMS2-based approach allowed the annotation of 32 phenolics and 36 GLSs, revealing 13 branched and linear alkyl-GLSs and 4 isomers of hydroxyphenylalkyl-GLSs, many of which have been rarely reported in Brassica. Then, quantitative UPLC-UV-MS-based profiling was performed in leaves and roots for the whole panel. This revealed striking variations in the content of 1-methylpropyl-GLS (glucocochlearin) and a large variation of tetra- and penta-glucosyl kaempferol derivatives among accessions. It also highlighted two main chemotypes related to sinapoyl-O-hexoside and kaempferol-O-trihexoside contents. By offering an unprecedented overview of the phytochemical diversity in B. napus, this work provides a useful resource for chemical ecology and breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Lionel Lebreton
- Univ Rennes, Institut Agro, INRAE, IGEPP, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | | | - Anne Laperche
- Univ Rennes, Institut Agro, INRAE, IGEPP, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | - Régine Delourme
- Univ Rennes, Institut Agro, INRAE, IGEPP, 35653 Le Rheu, France
| | | | | | - Antoine Gravot
- Univ Rennes, Institut Agro, INRAE, IGEPP, 35653 Le Rheu, France
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14
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Teixeira AF, de Souza J, Dophine DD, de Souza Filho JD, Saúde-Guimarães DA. Chemical Analysis of Eruca sativa Ethanolic Extract and Its Effects on Hyperuricaemia. Molecules 2022; 27:1506. [PMID: 35268606 PMCID: PMC8911632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27051506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In vivo assays and chemical analyses were performed on the ethanolic extract from leaves of Eruca sativa. UHPLC-ESI-QTOF analysis confirmed the presence of glucosinolates and flavonol glucosides. The major flavonoid of the ethanolic extract, kaempferol-3,4'-di-O-β-glucoside, was isolated, a HPLC-DAD method developed and validated to quantify its content in the extract. In vivo experiments were carried out on Wistar rats with hyperuricaemia induced by potassium oxonate and uric acid. A hypouricaemic effect was observed in hyperuricaemic Wistar rats treated with ethanolic extract at dose of 125 mg/kg and kaempferol-3,4'-di-O-β-glucoside at dose of 10 mg/kg. The main anti-hyperuricaemic mechanism observed in the extract was uricosuric. Kaempferol-3,4'-di-O-β-glucoside was identified as an important component responsible for the total activity of the ethanolic extract and was considered as a good chemical and biological marker of the ethanolic extract of E. sativa. The obtained results indicated the potential of E. sativa in the treatment of hyperuricaemia and its comorbidities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Ferrari Teixeira
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais (LAPLAMED), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CiPharma), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 354000-000, Brazil; (A.F.T.); (D.D.D.)
| | - Jacqueline de Souza
- Laboratório de Controle de Qualidade (LCQ), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 354000-000, Brazil;
| | - Douglas Daniel Dophine
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais (LAPLAMED), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CiPharma), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 354000-000, Brazil; (A.F.T.); (D.D.D.)
| | - José Dias de Souza Filho
- Laboratório Multiusuário de Caracterização de Moléculas (LMCM), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CiPharma), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 354000-000, Brazil;
| | - Dênia Antunes Saúde-Guimarães
- Laboratório de Plantas Medicinais (LAPLAMED), Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas (CiPharma), Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto, Ouro Preto 354000-000, Brazil; (A.F.T.); (D.D.D.)
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15
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Makhazen DS, Veremeichik GN, Shkryl YN, Tchernoded GK, Grigorchuk VP, Bulgakov VP. Inhibition of the JAZ1 gene causes activation of camalexin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis callus cultures. J Biotechnol 2021; 342:102-113. [PMID: 34736953 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2021.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 10/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Indole alkaloid camalexin has potential medicinal properties such as suppressing the viability of leukemic but not normal cells. Camalexin is not produced in plants and an external factor is required to activate its biosynthesis. In this work, we stimulated camalexin biosynthesis in Arabidopsis calli by blocking one of repressors of the jasmonate pathway, the jasmonate ZIM-domain protein 1 (JAZ1) by using amiRNA targeting JAZ1 gene transcripts. Inhibition of the JAZ1 gene led to an increase in camalexin content from trace amounts in control culture to 9 µg/g DW in the jaz1 line without affecting growth. In addition, JAZ1 silencing enhanced tolerance to cold stress with simultaneous increasing camalexin content up to 30 µg/g DW. Real-time quantitative PCR determination of marker gene expression showed that effects caused by the JAZ1 silencing might be realized through crosslinking JA, ROS, and abscisic acid signaling pathways. Thus, targeting the distal components of signaling pathways can be suggested as a tool for bioengineering of secondary metabolism, along with standard techniques for targeting biosynthetic genes or genes encoding transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Makhazen
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia.
| | - G N Veremeichik
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Y N Shkryl
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - G K Tchernoded
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - V P Grigorchuk
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - V P Bulgakov
- Federal Scientific Center of the East Asia Terrestrial Biodiversity of the Far East Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok 690022, Russia
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16
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Guan P, Zhou J, Girel S, Zhu X, Schwab M, Zhang K, Wang-Müller Q, Bigler L, Nick P. Anti-microtubule activity of the traditional Chinese medicine herb Northern Ban Lan (Isatis tinctoria) leads to glucobrassicin. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:2058-2074. [PMID: 34636476 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) belongs to the most elaborate and extensive systems of plant-based healing. The herb Northern Ban Lan (Isatis tinctoria) is famous for its antiviral and anti-inflammatory activity. Although numerous components isolated from I. tinctoria have been characterized so far, their modes of action have remained unclear. Here, we show that extracts from I. tinctoria exert anti-microtubular activity. Using time-lapse microscopy in living tobacco BY-2 (Nicotiana tabacum L. cv Bright Yellow 2) cells expressing green fluorescent protein-tubulin, we use activity-guided fractionation to screen out the biologically active compounds of I. tinctoria. Among 54 fractions obtained from either leaves or roots of I. tinctoria by methanol (MeOH/H2 O 8:2), or ethyl acetate extraction, one specific methanolic root fraction was selected, because it efficiently and rapidly eliminated microtubules. By combination of further purification with ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry most of the bioactivity could be assigned to the glucosinolate compound glucobrassicin. Glucobrassicin can also affect microtubules and induce apoptosis in HeLa cells. In the light of these findings, the antiviral activity of Northern Ban Lan is discussed in the context of microtubules being hijacked by many viral pathogens for cell-to-cell spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pingyin Guan
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Jianning Zhou
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Sergey Girel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr.190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Xin Zhu
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Marian Schwab
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Kunxi Zhang
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
| | - Qiyan Wang-Müller
- Research Institute of Organic Agriculture FiBL, Ackerstrasse 113, CH-5070, Frick, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Bigler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zürich, Winterthurerstr.190, CH-8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Peter Nick
- Molecular Cell Biology, Botanical Institute, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Fritz-Haber-Weg 4, Karlsruhe, 76131, Germany
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17
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Dong M, Tian Z, Ma Y, Yang Z, Ma Z, Wang X, Li Y, Jiang H. Rapid screening and characterization of glucosinolates in 25 Brassicaceae tissues by UHPLC-Q-exactive orbitrap-MS. Food Chem 2021; 365:130493. [PMID: 34247049 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.130493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary plant metabolites that occur mainly in the Brassicaceae plants, which are desirable compounds in human foods due to their diverse biological activities. In this study, we developed an integrated data filtering and identification strategy to characterize the GSLs. An in-depth GSLs profiling was performed on 25 commonly Brassicaceae tissues in Jinan, China. By comparison with the reference standards and previous researches, we tentatively identified 47 GSLs including 8 unknown ones. The GSLs profiles of 25 Brassicaceae tissues were established, and 11 markers of GSLs could be used to distinguish the Brassica and Raphanus. This approach enables accurately characterization the GSLs of Brassicaceae tissues, and demonstrates the potential of GSLs profiles for Brassicaceae species discrimination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiyue Dong
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhenhua Tian
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Yanni Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhongyi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Zhen Ma
- School of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Yunlun Li
- Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; TCM Clinical Research Base for Hypertension, Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250011, China.
| | - Haiqiang Jiang
- Experimental Centre, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Classical Theory, Ministry of Education, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Basic Research, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
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18
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Bell L, Kitsopanou E, Oloyede OO, Lignou S. Important Odorants of Four Brassicaceae Species, and Discrepancies between Glucosinolate Profiles and Observed Hydrolysis Products. Foods 2021; 10:foods10051055. [PMID: 34064846 PMCID: PMC8150828 DOI: 10.3390/foods10051055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/05/2021] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
It is widely accepted that the distinctive aroma and flavour traits of Brassicaceae crops are produced by glucosinolate (GSL) hydrolysis products (GHPs) with other non-GSL derived compounds also reported to contribute significantly to their aromas. This study investigated the flavour profile and glucosinolate content of four Brassicaceae species (salad rocket, horseradish, wasabi, and watercress). Solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-olfactometry were used to determine the volatile compounds and odorants present in the four species. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to determine the glucosinolate composition, respectively. A total of 113 compounds and 107 odour-active components were identified in the headspace of the four species. Of the compounds identified, 19 are newly reported for ‘salad’ rocket, 26 for watercress, 30 for wasabi, and 38 for horseradish, marking a significant step forward in understanding and characterising aroma generation in these species. There were several non-glucosinolate derived compounds contributing to the ‘pungent’ aroma profile of the species, indicating that the glucosinolate-derived compounds are not the only source of these sensations in Brassicaceae species. Several discrepancies between observed glucosinolates and hydrolysis products were observed, and we discuss the implications of this for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bell
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AR, UK;
| | - Eva Kitsopanou
- Sensory Science Centre, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (E.K.); (O.O.O.)
| | - Omobolanle O. Oloyede
- Sensory Science Centre, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (E.K.); (O.O.O.)
| | - Stella Lignou
- Sensory Science Centre, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Harry Nursten Building, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK; (E.K.); (O.O.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)118-378-8717
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19
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Almushayti AY, Brandt K, Carroll MA, Scotter MJ. Current analytical methods for determination of glucosinolates in vegetables and human tissues. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1643:462060. [PMID: 33770631 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.462060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Numerous epidemiological studies have indicated the potential effects of glucosinolates and their metabolites against cancer as well as other non-communicable diseases, such as cardiovascular disease and neurodegenerative disorders. However, information on the presence and quantity of glucosinolates in commonly consumed vegetables and in human fluids is sparse, largely because well-standardised methods for glucosinolate determination are not available, resulting in published data being inconsistent and conflicting. Thus, studies published since 2002 on the most recent developments of glucosinolate extraction and identification have been collected and reviewed with emphasis on determination of the intact glucosinolates by LC-MS and LC-MS/MS. This overview highlights the glucosinolate extraction methods used, the stability of glucosinolates during extraction, the availability of stable isotope labelled internal standards and the use of NMR for purity analysis, as well as the current analytical techniques that have been applied for glucosinolate analysis, e.g. liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection (LC-MS). It aims to interpret the findings with a focus on the development of a validated method, which will help to determine the glucosinolate content of vegetative plants and human tissues, and the identification and determination of selected glucosinolate metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albatul Y Almushayti
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK; College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Qassim University, Qassim, KSA.
| | - Kirsten Brandt
- Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK.
| | - Michael A Carroll
- School of Natural & Environmental Sciences-Chemistry, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK.
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20
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Geng J, Xiao L, Chen C, Wang Z, Xiao W, Wang Q. An integrated analytical approach based on enhanced fragment ions interrogation and modified Kendrick mass defect filter data mining for in-depth chemical profiling of glucosinolates by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2021; 1639:461903. [PMID: 33486443 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2021.461903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
High resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS)-based analytical technique promotes the discovery and development of new bioactive molecules from natural sources. However, challenges for MS analysis of natural products include their structural diversity, numerous trace components, as well as the interference from complex matrices that limits the rapid detection and identification of all target analytes in the extracts. Herein, we presented an integrated analytical approach to obtain chemical profile of glucosinolates (GLSs) in Eutrema yunnanense, a perennial herb, which is used as a condiment (Wasabi), by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography coupled with Orbitrap high resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-Orbitrap/HRMS). The intelligent AcquireX deep scan greatly improved the detection efficiency and coverage of data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mode, and enhanced structurally significant product ions interrogation by generating exhaustive MS/MS spectra with more informative fragmentation. Massive HRMS data mining for searching GLSs was then achieved by a modified Kendrick mass defect filter (MKMDF), which enabled the visualization of their homologous characteristics and reduced the complicacy of data post-processing. Ultimately, a total of 175 GLSs were tentatively identified or characterized based on the MS fragmentation patterns, including 52 potentially new compounds among which 37 malonylated GLSs were first discovered. These compounds were then applied to analyse the chemical differentiation between the rhizome and leaf of E. yunnanense. This study provides a feasible approach for screening and confident structure characterization of GLSs and has practical implications for profiling other natural bioactive homologous compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianliang Geng
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Lihao Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China
| | - Chen Chen
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
| | - Zhenzhong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Wei Xiao
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical New-Tech for Chinese Medicine, Jiangsu Kanion Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Lianyungang 222001, China; College of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210023, China.
| | - Qiuhong Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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21
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Nor NDM, Lignou S, Bell L, Houston-Price C, Harvey K, Methven L. The Relationship between Glucosinolates and the Sensory Characteristics of Steamed-Pureed Turnip ( Brassica Rapa subsp. Rapa L.). Foods 2020; 9:foods9111719. [PMID: 33238411 PMCID: PMC7700530 DOI: 10.3390/foods9111719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are phytochemical compounds that can be found in Brassica vegetables. Seven separate batches of steamed-pureed turnip were assessed for GSL content using liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and for sensory attributes by sensory profiling (carried out by a trained sensory panel). Twelve individual GSLs, which included 7 aliphatic, 4 indole and 1 arylaliphatic GSL, were identified across all batches. There were significant differences in individual GSL content between batches, with gluconasturtiin as the most abundant GSL. The total GSL content ranged from 16.07 to 44.74 μmol g-1 dry weight (DW). Sensory profiling concluded there were positive correlations between GSLs and bitter taste and negative correlations between GSLs (except glucobrassicanapin) and sweet taste. The batches, which had been purchased across different seasons, all led to cooked turnip that contained substantial levels of GSLs which were subsequently all rated as bitter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurfarhana Diana Mohd Nor
- Department of Early Childhood Education, Faculty of Human Development, Sultan Idris Education University, Tanjong Malim 35900, Perak, Malaysia;
- Sensory Science Centre, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK;
| | - Stella Lignou
- Sensory Science Centre, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK;
| | - Luke Bell
- School of Agriculture, Policy & Development, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6EU, UK;
| | - Carmel Houston-Price
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Early Gate, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AL, UK; (C.H.-P.); (K.H.)
| | - Kate Harvey
- School of Psychology and Clinical Language Sciences, University of Reading, Early Gate, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6AL, UK; (C.H.-P.); (K.H.)
| | - Lisa Methven
- Sensory Science Centre, Department of Food and Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading RG6 6DZ, UK;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-0118-378-8714
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22
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Bell L, Chadwick M, Puranik M, Tudor R, Methven L, Kennedy S, Wagstaff C. The Eruca sativa Genome and Transcriptome: A Targeted Analysis of Sulfur Metabolism and Glucosinolate Biosynthesis Pre and Postharvest. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 11:525102. [PMID: 33193472 PMCID: PMC7652772 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2020.525102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rocket (Eruca sativa) is a source of health-related metabolites called glucosinolates (GSLs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs) but little is known of the genetic and transcriptomic mechanisms responsible for regulating pre and postharvest accumulations. We present the first de novo reference genome assembly and annotation, with ontogenic and postharvest transcriptome data relating to sulfur assimilation, transport, and utilization. Diverse gene expression patterns related to sulfur metabolism, GSL biosynthesis, and glutathione biosynthesis are present between inbred lines of rocket. A clear pattern of differential expression determines GSL abundance and the formation of hydrolysis products. One breeding line sustained GSL accumulation and hydrolysis product formation throughout storage. Multiple copies of MYB28, SLIM1, SDI1, and ESM1 have increased and differential expression postharvest, and are associated with GSLs and hydrolysis product formation. Two glucosinolate transporter gene (GTR2) copies were found to be associated with increased GSL accumulations in leaves. Monosaccharides (which are essential for primary metabolism and GSL biosynthesis, and contribute to the taste of rocket) were also quantified in leaves, with glucose concentrations significantly correlated with the expression of numerous GSL-related genes. Significant negative correlations were observed between the expression of glutathione synthetase (GSH) genes and those involved in GSL metabolism. Breeding line "B" showed increased GSH gene expression and low GSL content compared to two other lines where the opposite was observed. Co-expression analysis revealed senescence (SEN1) and oxidative stress-related (OXS3) genes have higher expression in line B, suggesting that postharvest deterioration is associated with low GSL concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bell
- School of Agriculture, Policy and Development, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Martin Chadwick
- School of Chemistry Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | - Manik Puranik
- School of Chemistry Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Lisa Methven
- School of Chemistry Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carol Wagstaff
- School of Chemistry Food and Pharmacy, University of Reading, Reading, United Kingdom
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23
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Glucosinolates: Natural Occurrence, Biosynthesis, Accessibility, Isolation, Structures, and Biological Activities. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25194537. [PMID: 33022970 PMCID: PMC7582585 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25194537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are secondary plant metabolites abundantly found in plant order Brassicales. GSLs are constituted by an S-β-d-glucopyrano unit anomerically connected to O-sulfated (Z)-thiohydroximate moiety. The side-chain of the O-sulfate thiohydroximate moiety, which is derived from a different amino acid, contributes to the diversity of natural GSL, with more than 130 structures identified and validated to this day. Both the structural diversity of GSL and their biological implication in plants have been biochemically studied. Although chemical syntheses of GSL have been devised to give access to these secondary metabolites, direct extraction from biomass remains the conventional method to isolate natural GSL. While intact GSLs are biologically inactive, various products, including isothiocyanates, nitriles, epithionitriles, and cyanides obtained through their hydrolysis of GSLs, exhibit many different biological activities, among which several therapeutic benefits have been suggested. This article reviews natural occurrence, accessibility via chemical, synthetic biochemical pathways of GSL, and the current methodology of extraction, purification, and characterization. Structural information, including the most recent classification of GSL, and their stability and storage conditions will also be discussed. The biological perspective will also be explored to demonstrate the importance of these prominent metabolites.
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24
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Guo Q, Sun Y, Tang Q, Zhang H, Cheng Z. Isolation, identification, biological estimation, and profiling of glucosinolates in Isatis indigotica roots. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2020.1780605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Qihui Guo
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yanzhi Sun
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qingjiu Tang
- Shanghai Edible Fungi Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | | | - Zhihong Cheng
- Department of Natural Medicine, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Jasper J, Wagstaff C, Bell L. Growth temperature influences postharvest glucosinolate concentrations and hydrolysis product formation in first and second cuts of rocket salad. POSTHARVEST BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY 2020; 163:111157. [PMID: 32362723 PMCID: PMC7104888 DOI: 10.1016/j.postharvbio.2020.111157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rocket salad species (Diplotaxis tenuifolia and Eruca sativa; also known as E. vesicaria) are known for their high concentrations of health-related isothiocyanates, which are derived from secondary metabolites called glucosinolates. Increases in temperature due to climate change and extreme weather event frequencies over the coming decades are likely to influence not only the growth of leafy vegetables, but also their nutritional density. It is therefore essential to determine the impacts of these in order to mitigate crop losses and nutritional decline in future. Our data show there is a strong influence of pre-harvest growth temperatures on glucosinolate biosynthesis and formation of glucosinolate hydrolysis products postharvest, and that this is genotype dependent. High growth temperature (40 °C) severely retarded germination, growth, regrowth, and survival of rocket plants. Highest glucosinolate concentrations were observed in first and second cuts at 40 °C, but did not correspond to highest isothiocyanate concentrations (observed at 30 °C, second cut). Hydrolysis product formation is proportionately not as great as glucosinolate increases at 40 °C, possibly due to inhibition of enzyme function(s) at higher temperatures. These data indicate that high growth temperatures increase glucosinolate accumulation, but growth and productivity is significantly reduced. Much greater emphasis is needed for breeding cultivars tolerant to high growth temperatures in order to maximise nutritional benefits imparted by temperature stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jake Jasper
- School of Chemistry Food & Pharmacy, PO Box 226, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Carol Wagstaff
- School of Chemistry Food & Pharmacy, PO Box 226, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AP, UK
| | - Luke Bell
- School of Agriculture, Policy & Development, PO Box 237, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire, RG6 6AR, UK
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26
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Akram W, Saeed T, Ahmad A, Yasin NA, Akbar M, Khan WU, Ahmed S, Guo J, Luo W, Wu T, Li G. Liquiritin elicitation can increase the content of medicinally important glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in Chinese kale plants. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2020; 100:1616-1624. [PMID: 31773731 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.10170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brassica oleracea var. alboglabra (Chinese kale) is an important vegetable grown in southern China. This study was aimed at searching for environmentally friendly and affordable approaches to increase the production of medicinally relevant glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in Chinese kale plants. For this purpose, the foliar application of liquiritin at 0 (control), 250, 500 and 750 ppm was tested starting from the four-leaf stage and repeated every two weeks until plants were two months old. RESULTS Foliar application of liquiritin in Chinese kale plants significantly increased glucosinolates and total phenolic content, in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with control plants, 2.3- and 1.9-fold increases in yields of glucosinolates and total phenolic content, respectively, were corroborated in Chinese kale plants treated with 750 ppm of liquiritin. Along with rises in the content of eight different glucosinolates, liquiritin elicitation effectively increased the concentration of glycosilated and acylated flavonoids and hydroxycinnamic acids. The expression of genes involved in glucosinolate and phenolic biosynthesis was significantly higher in liquiritin-treated plants as compared to controls. CONCLUSIONS Liquiritin elicitation is a feasible and environmentally friendly practice for increasing the production of medicinally important glucosinolates and phenolic compounds in Chinese kale, which may improve this plant's value as a nutraceutical food. This study also contributes to understanding the molecular mechanisms underlying liquiritin elicitation. This is the first report documenting the use of liquiritin for an elicitation purpose in plants. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waheed Akram
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Taiba Saeed
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aqeel Ahmad
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Nasim A Yasin
- Institute of Agricultural Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akbar
- Department of Botany, University of Gujrat, Gujrat, Pakistan
| | - Waheed U Khan
- College of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Shakeel Ahmed
- Instituto de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Juxian Guo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wenlong Luo
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingquan Wu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihua Li
- Guangdong Key Laboratory for New Technology Research of Vegetables, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
- Vegetable Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou, China
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Román J, González D, Inostroza-Ponta M, Mahn A. Molecular Modeling of Epithiospecifier and Nitrile-Specifier Proteins of Broccoli and Their Interaction with Aglycones. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25040772. [PMID: 32054008 PMCID: PMC7071048 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Glucosinolates are secondary plant metabolites of Brassicaceae. They exert their effect after enzymatic hydrolysis to yield aglycones, which become nitriles and epithionitriles through the action of epithiospecifier (ESP) and nitrile-specifier proteins (NSP). The mechanism of action of broccoli ESP and NSP is poorly understood mainly because ESP and NSP structures have not been completely characterized and because aglycones are unstable, thus hindering experimental measurements. The aim of this work was to investigate the interaction of broccoli ESP and NSP with the aglycones derived from broccoli glucosinolates using molecular simulations. The three-dimensional structure of broccoli ESP was built based on its amino-acid sequence, and the NSP structure was constructed based on a consensus amino-acid sequence. The models obtained using Iterative Threading ASSEmbly Refinement (I-TASSER) were refined with the OPLS-AA/L all atom force field of GROMACS 5.0.7 and were validated by Veryfy3D and ERRAT. The structures were selected based on molecular dynamics simulations. Interactions between the proteins and aglycones were simulated with Autodock Vina at different pH. It was concluded that pH determines the stability of the complexes and that the aglycone derived from glucoraphanin has the highest affinity to both ESP and NSP. This agrees with the fact that glucoraphanin is the most abundant glucosinolate in broccoli florets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Román
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile; (J.R.); (D.G.)
| | - Dorian González
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile; (J.R.); (D.G.)
| | - Mario Inostroza-Ponta
- Departamento de Ingeniería Informática, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile;
| | - Andrea Mahn
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Avenida Libertador Bernardo O’Higgins 3363, Estación Central, Santiago 9170019, Chile; (J.R.); (D.G.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +56-2-2718-1833
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28
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Blažević I, Montaut S, Burčul F, Olsen CE, Burow M, Rollin P, Agerbirk N. Glucosinolate structural diversity, identification, chemical synthesis and metabolism in plants. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2020; 169:112100. [PMID: 31771793 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2019.112100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 237] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
The glucosinolates (GSLs) is a well-defined group of plant metabolites characterized by having an S-β-d-glucopyrano unit anomerically connected to an O-sulfated (Z)-thiohydroximate function. After enzymatic hydrolysis, the sulfated aglucone can undergo rearrangement to an isothiocyanate, or form a nitrile or other products. The number of GSLs known from plants, satisfactorily characterized by modern spectroscopic methods (NMR and MS) by mid-2018, is 88. In addition, a group of partially characterized structures with highly variable evidence counts for approximately a further 49. This means that the total number of characterized GSLs from plants is somewhere between 88 and 137. The diversity of GSLs in plants is critically reviewed here, resulting in significant discrepancies with previous reviews. In general, the well-characterized GSLs show resemblance to C-skeletons of the amino acids Ala, Val, Leu, Trp, Ile, Phe/Tyr and Met, or to homologs of Ile, Phe/Tyr or Met. Insufficiently characterized, still hypothetic GSLs include straight-chain alkyl GSLs and chain-elongated GSLs derived from Leu. Additional reports (since 2011) of insufficiently characterized GSLs are reviewed. Usually the crucial missing information is correctly interpreted NMR, which is the most effective tool for GSL identification. Hence, modern use of NMR for GSL identification is also reviewed and exemplified. Apart from isolation, GSLs may be obtained by organic synthesis, allowing isotopically labeled GSLs and any kind of side chain. Enzymatic turnover of GSLs in plants depends on a considerable number of enzymes and other protein factors and furthermore depends on GSL structure. Identification of GSLs must be presented transparently and live up to standard requirements in natural product chemistry. Unfortunately, many recent reports fail in these respects, including reports based on chromatography hyphenated to MS. In particular, the possibility of isomers and isobaric structures is frequently ignored. Recent reports are re-evaluated and interpreted as evidence of the existence of "isoGSLs", i.e. non-GSL isomers of GSLs in plants. For GSL analysis, also with MS-detection, we stress the importance of using authentic standards.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivica Blažević
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000, Split, Croatia.
| | - Sabine Montaut
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Biomolecular Sciences Programme, Laurentian University, 935 Ramsey Lake Road, Sudbury, ON P3E 2C6, Canada
| | - Franko Burčul
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Technology, University of Split, Ruđera Boškovića 35, 21000, Split, Croatia
| | - Carl Erik Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Meike Burow
- DynaMo Center and Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Patrick Rollin
- Institut de Chimie Organique et Analytique (ICOA), Université d'Orléans et CNRS, UMR 7311, BP 6759, F-45067, Orléans Cedex 2, France
| | - Niels Agerbirk
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871, Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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29
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Andini S, Dekker P, Gruppen H, Araya-Cloutier C, Vincken JP. Modulation of Glucosinolate Composition in Brassicaceae Seeds by Germination and Fungal Elicitation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2019; 67:12770-12779. [PMID: 31652052 PMCID: PMC6873265 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.9b05771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2019] [Revised: 10/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) are of interest for potential antimicrobial activity of their degradation products and exclusive presence in Brassicaceae. Compositional changes of aliphatic, benzenic, and indolic GSLs of Sinapis alba, Brassica napus, and B. juncea seeds by germination and fungal elicitation were studied. Rhizopus oryzae (nonpathogenic), Fusarium graminearum (nonpathogenic), and F. oxysporum (pathogenic) were employed. Thirty-one GSLs were detected by reversed-phase ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography photodiode array with in-line electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (RP-UHPLC-PDA-ESI-MSn). Aromatic-acylated derivatives of 3-butenyl GSL, p-hydroxybenzyl GSL, and indol-3-ylmethyl GSL were for the first time tentatively annotated and confirmed to be not artifacts. For S. alba, germination, Rhizopus elicitation, and F. graminearum elicitation increased total GSL content, mainly consisting of p-hydroxybenzyl GSL, by 2-3 fold. For B. napus and B. juncea, total GSL content was unaffected by germination or elicitation. In all treatments, aliphatic GSL content was decreased (≥50%) in B. napus and remained unchanged in B. juncea. Indolic GSLs were induced in all species by germination and nonpathogenic elicitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Andini
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Satya Wacana Christian University, Diponegoro 52-60, Salatiga 50711, Indonesia
| | - Pieter Dekker
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Harry Gruppen
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carla Araya-Cloutier
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jean-Paul Vincken
- Laboratory
of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, P.O. Box 17, 6700 AA Wageningen, The Netherlands
- Phone: +31
317 482234. E-mail:
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30
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Rocket science: A review of phytochemical & health-related research in Eruca & Diplotaxis species. Food Chem X 2019; 1:100002. [PMID: 31423483 PMCID: PMC6690419 DOI: 10.1016/j.fochx.2018.100002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent phytochemical research in rocket species is critically reviewed. Glucosinolates and hydrolysis products change over growth and shelf life. Experiments should better consider and account for commercial practices. Research should be focused on providing benefits to the end consumer.
Rocket species (Eruca spp. and Diplotaxis spp.) are becoming increasingly important leafy salad crops across the world. Numerous scientific research papers have been published in recent years surrounding the potential health benefits associated with phytochemicals contained in leaves, such as flavonoids and isothiocyanates. Other research of note has also been conducted into the unique taste and flavour properties of leaves, which can be hot, peppery, bitter, and sweet depending upon the genotype and phytochemical composition. While research into these aspects is increasing, some studies lack cohesion and in-depth knowledge of commercial breeding and cultivation practices that makes interpretation and application of results difficult. This review draws together all significant research findings in these crops over the last five years, and highlights areas that require further exploration and/or resolution. We also advise on experimental considerations for these species to allow for more meaningful utilisation of findings in the commercial sector.
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31
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Supercritical CO₂ Extraction of Eruca sativa Using Cosolvents: Phytochemical Composition by LC-MS Analysis. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123240. [PMID: 30544589 PMCID: PMC6321549 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2018] [Revised: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Eruca sativa Mill. is a good source of glucosinolates (GLS), phenolic compounds and unsaturated fatty acids, being a valuable material for the production of functional-foods or nutraceutical ingredients. Extraction by supercritical CO2 (SCO2) can be used and the limitations due to the apolar nature of CO2 can be overcome using co-solvents. In this paper different cosolvents and conditions were used for SCO2 extraction and the composition of the obtained extracts was studied by LC-MS. Results: Water resulted the ideal co-solvent, allowing the extraction of glucosinolates in comparable amounts to the classical procedure with boiling water, as it can be carried out at mild temperatures (45 °C vs. >100 °C). Increasing the pressure improved the GLS extraction. On the other hand polyphenol extraction under the studied conditions was not influenced by pressure and temperature variations. The in vitro antioxidant effect of the obtained extracts was also measured, showing significant activity in the DPPH and FC tests. Conclusions: The GLS, flavonoids and lipids composition of the obtained extracts was studied, showing the presence of numerous antioxidant constituents useful for nutraceutical applications. The extraction method using SCO2 and water as co-solvent presents advantages in terms of safety because these solvents are generally recognised as safe. Water as cosolvent at 8% resulted useful for the extraction of both glucosinolates and phenolics in good amount and is environmentally acceptable as well as safe for food production.
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32
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Fechner J, Kaufmann M, Herz C, Eisenschmidt D, Lamy E, Kroh LW, Hanschen FS. The major glucosinolate hydrolysis product in rocket (Eruca sativa L.), sativin, is 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione: Elucidation of structure, bioactivity, and stability compared to other rocket isothiocyanates. Food Chem 2018; 261:57-65. [PMID: 29739606 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2018] [Revised: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Rocket is rich in glucosinolates and valued for its hot and spicy taste. Here we report the structure elucidation, bioactivity, and stability of the mainly formed glucosinolate hydrolysis product, namely sativin, which was formerly thought to be 4-mercaptobutyl isothiocyanate. However, by NMR characterization we revealed that sativin is in fact 1,3-thiazepane-2-thione, a tautomer of 4-mercaptobutyl isothiocyanate with 7-membered ring structure and so far unknown. This finding was further substantiated by conformation sampling using molecular modeling and total enthalpy calculation with density functional theory. During aqueous heat treatment sativin in general was quite stable, while the isothiocyanates erucin and sulforaphane were labile, having half-lives of 132 min and 56 min (pH 5, 100 °C), respectively. Moreover, using a WST-1 assay, we found that sativin did not reduce cell viability of HepG2 cells in a range of 0.3-30 µM, and, therefore, exhibited no cytotoxic effects in this cell line.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Fechner
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany; Technische Universität Dresden, Chair of Food Chemistry, Bergstrasse 66, 01062 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Martin Kaufmann
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, TIB 4/3-1, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Corinna Herz
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Infection Control, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Daniela Eisenschmidt
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
| | - Evelyn Lamy
- Molecular Preventive Medicine, Institute for Infection Prevention and Hospital Infection Control, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Breisacher Str. 115b, 79106 Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Lothar W Kroh
- Department of Food Chemistry and Analysis, Institute of Food Technology and Food Chemistry, Technische Universität Berlin, TIB 4/3-1, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Franziska S Hanschen
- Plant Quality and Food Security, Leibniz Institute of Vegetable and Ornamental Crops, Theodor-Echtermeyer-Weg 1, 14979 Grossbeeren, Germany.
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33
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Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, La Barbera G, Montone CM, Piovesana S, Zenezini Chiozzi R, Laganà A. Chromatographic column evaluation for the untargeted profiling of glucosinolates in cauliflower by means of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled to high resolution mass spectrometry. Talanta 2017; 179:792-802. [PMID: 29310309 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Revised: 12/05/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The untargeted profiling is a promising approach for the characterization of secondary metabolites in biological matrices. Thanks to the recent rapid development of high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) instrumentations, the number of applications by untargeted approaches for biological samples profiling has widely increased in the recent years. Despite the high potentialities of HRMS, however, a major issue in natural products analysis often arises in the upstream process of compounds separation. A separation technique is necessary to avoid phenomena such as signal suppression, and it is especially needed in the presence of isomeric metabolites, which are otherwise indistinguishable. Glucosinolates (GLSs), a group of secondary metabolites widely distributed among plants, resulted to be associated to the prevention of some serious diseases, such as cancer. This led to the development of several methods for the analysis of GLSs in vegetables tissues. The issue of GLSs chromatographic separation has been widely studied in the past because of the difficulty in the analysis of this highly polar and variable class of compounds. Several alternatives to reversed phase (RP) chromatography, sometimes not compatible with the coupling of liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry, have been tested for the analysis of intact GLSs. However, the availability of new stationary phases, in the last years, could allow the re-evaluation of RP chromatography for the analysis of intact GLSs. In this work, a thorough evaluation of four RP chromatographic columns for the analysis of GLSs in cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L. var. botrytis) extracts by an ultra-high performance liquid chromatographic system coupled via electrospray source to a hybrid quadrupole-Orbitrap mass spectrometer is presented. The columns tested were the following: one column Luna Omega polar C18, one column Kinetex Biphenyl, one column Kinetex core-shell XB-C18, two columns Kinetex core-shell XB-C18. After a previous optimization of the extraction method, cauliflower extracts were analyzed testing four different mobile phases onto the four columns for a total of sixteen different chromatographic conditions. The chromatographic systems were evaluated based on the number of detected and tentatively identified GLSs. Luna Polar stationary phase resulted to be the most suitable for the analysis of GLSs compared to Kinetex XB and Kinetex Biphenyl columns stationary phase. However, two in series Kinetex XB columns increased the number of tentatively identified GLSs compared to one Kinetex XB, showing the importance of column length in the analysis of complex mixtures. The data obtained with the best chromatographic system were deeply analyzed by MS/MS investigation for the final identification. Fiflty-one GLSs were tentatively identified, 24 of which have never been identified in cauliflower. Finally the linearity of the analytes response over the analyzed range of concentration was checked, suggesting that the developed method is suitable for both qualitative and quantitative analysis of GLSs in phytochemical mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laura Capriotti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Giorgia La Barbera
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Carmela Maria Montone
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
| | | | - Aldo Laganà
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy.
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Bell L, Wagstaff C. Enhancement Of Glucosinolate and Isothiocyanate Profiles in Brassicaceae Crops: Addressing Challenges in Breeding for Cultivation, Storage, and Consumer-Related Traits. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2017; 65:9379-9403. [PMID: 28968493 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b03628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates (GSLs) and isothiocyanates (ITCs) produced by Brassicaceae plants are popular targets for analysis due to the health benefits associated with them. Breeders aim to increase the concentrations in commercial varieties; however, there are few examples of this. The most well-known is Beneforté broccoli, which has increased glucoraphanin/sulforaphane concentrations compared to those of conventional varieties. It was developed through traditional breeding methods with considerations for processing, consumption, and health made throughout this process. Many studies presented in the literature do not take a holistic approach, and key points about breeding, cultivation methods, postharvest storage, sensory attributes, and consumer preferences are not properly taken into account. In this review, we draw together data for multiple species and address how such factors can influence GSL profiles. We encourage researchers and institutions to engage with industry and consumers to produce research that can be utilized in the improvement of Brassicaceae crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bell
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
| | - Carol Wagstaff
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading , Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AP, United Kingdom
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Sturm C, Wagner AE. Brassica-Derived Plant Bioactives as Modulators of Chemopreventive and Inflammatory Signaling Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E1890. [PMID: 28862664 PMCID: PMC5618539 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18091890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2017] [Revised: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 08/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A high consumption of vegetables belonging to the Brassicaceae family has been related to a lower incidence of chronic diseases including different kinds of cancer. These beneficial effects of, e.g., broccoli, cabbage or rocket (arugula) intake have been mainly dedicated to the sulfur-containing glucosinolates (GLSs)-secondary plant compounds nearly exclusively present in Brassicaceae-and in particular to their bioactive breakdown products including isothiocyanates (ITCs). Overall, the current literature indicate that selected Brassica-derived ITCs exhibit health-promoting effects in vitro, as well as in laboratory mice in vivo. Some studies suggest anti-carcinogenic and anti-inflammatory properties for ITCs which may be communicated through an activation of the redox-sensitive transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) that controls the expression of antioxidant and phase II enzymes. Furthermore, it has been shown that ITCs are able to significantly ameliorate a severe inflammatory phenotype in colitic mice in vivo. As there are studies available suggesting an epigenetic mode of action for Brassica-derived phytochemicals, the conduction of further studies would be recommendable to investigate if the beneficial effects of these compounds also persist during an irregular consumption pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Sturm
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
| | - Anika E Wagner
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Lübeck, Ratzeburger Allee 160, 23538 Lübeck, Germany.
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Maldini M, Foddai M, Natella F, Petretto GL, Rourke JP, Chessa M, Pintore G. Identification and quantification of glucosinolates in different tissues of Raphanus raphanistrum by liquid chromatography tandem-mass spectrometry. J Food Compost Anal 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2016.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Toledo-Martín EM, Font R, Obregón-Cano S, De Haro-Bailón A, Villatoro-Pulido M, Del Río-Celestino M. Rapid and Cost-Effective Quantification of Glucosinolates and Total Phenolic Content in Rocket Leaves by Visible/Near-Infrared Spectroscopy. Molecules 2017; 22:molecules22050851. [PMID: 28531129 PMCID: PMC6154346 DOI: 10.3390/molecules22050851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 05/17/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The potential of visible-near infrared spectroscopy to predict glucosinolates and total phenolic content in rocket (Eruca vesicaria) leaves has been evaluated. Accessions of the E. vesicaria species were scanned by NIRS as ground leaf, and their reference values regressed against different spectral transformations by modified partial least squares (MPLS) regression. The coefficients of determination in the external validation (R2VAL) for the different quality components analyzed in rocket ranged from 0.59 to 0.84, which characterize those equations as having from good to excellent quantitative information. These results show that the total glucosinolates, glucosativin and glucoerucin equations obtained, can be used to identify those samples with low and high contents. The glucoraphanin equation obtained can be used for rough predictions of samples and in case of total phenolic content, the equation showed good correlation. The standard deviation (SD) to standard error of prediction ratio (RPD) and SD to range (RER) were variable for the different quality compounds and showed values that were characteristic of equations suitable for screening purposes or to perform accurate analyses. From the study of the MPLS loadings of the first three terms of the different equations, it can be concluded that some major cell components such as protein and cellulose, highly participated in modelling the equations for glucosinolates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva María Toledo-Martín
- Department of Genomics and Biotecnology, IFAPA Center La Mojonera, Camino San Nicolás, La Mojonera 1, 04745 Almería, Spain.
| | - Rafael Font
- Department of Food and Health, IFAPA Center La Mojonera, Camino San Nicolás, La Mojonera 1, 04745 Almería, Spain.
| | - Sara Obregón-Cano
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture, (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14080 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Antonio De Haro-Bailón
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture, (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14080 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Myriam Villatoro-Pulido
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, Institute of Sustainable Agriculture, (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, 14080 Córdoba, Spain.
| | - Mercedes Del Río-Celestino
- Department of Genomics and Biotecnology, IFAPA Center La Mojonera, Camino San Nicolás, La Mojonera 1, 04745 Almería, Spain.
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Identification and Quantification of Glucosinolates in Kimchi by Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Tandem Mass Spectrometry. Int J Anal Chem 2017; 2017:6753481. [PMID: 28298926 PMCID: PMC5337378 DOI: 10.1155/2017/6753481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
A novel and simple method for detecting five glucosinolates (glucoalyssin, gluconapin, glucobrassicanapin, glucobrassicin, and 4-methoxyglucobrassicin) in kimchi was developed using liquid chromatography-electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The chromatographic peaks of the five glucosinolates were successfully identified by comparing their retention times, mass spectra. The mobile phase was composed of A (acetonitrile) and B (water). As for glucosinolate, the relative quantities were found through sinigrin, and five different compounds that have not been previously discovered in kimchi were observed. Monitoring was carried out on the glucosinolate in 20 kimchis distributed in markets, and this study examined the various quality and quantity compositions of the five components. The glucoalyssin content ranged from 0.00 to 7.07 μmol/g of day weight (DW), with an average content of 0.86 μmol/g of DW, whereas the gluconapin content ranged from 0.00 to 5.85 μmol/g of DW, with an average of 1.17 μmol/g of DW. The content of glucobrassicanapin varied between 0.00 and 11.87 μmol/g of DW (average = 3.03 μmol/g of DW), whereas that of glucobrassicin varied between 0.00 and 0.42 μmol/g of DW (average = 0.06 μmol/g of DW). The 4-methoxyglucobrassicin content ranged from 0.12 to 9.36 μmol/g of DW (average = 3.52 μmol/g of DW). A comparison of the contents revealed that, in most cases, the content of 4-methoxyglucobrassicin was the highest.
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Al-Gendy AA, Nematallah KA, Zaghloul SS, Ayoub NA. Glucosinolates profile, volatile constituents, antimicrobial, and cytotoxic activities of Lobularia libyca. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:3257-3263. [PMID: 27597660 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1223146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/04/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Brassicaceae plants are associated with protection against cancers due to their glucosinolate contents. OBJECTIVES We investigate fresh leaves, roots and ripe seeds of Lobularia libyca (Viv.) C.F.W. Meissn. (Brassicaceae) to identify their glucosinolate constituents, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities Materials and methods: The glucosinolates were identified using GC-MS analysis of their hydrolysis products and LC-MS analysis in the case of seeds. Disc diffusion (1 mg/disc) and minimum inhibitory concentration (0-160 μg/mL) methods were used to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of seed hydrolysate. In vitro cytotoxicity against colorectal HCT-116, hepatic HUH-7, breast MCF-7 and lung A-549 cells was evaluated for seed hydrolysate (0.01-100 μg/mL) using the sulforhodamine B assay and doxorubicin as a standard Results: Three glucosinolates were identified for the first time in this plant and genus Lobularia. Glucoiberverin was the major compound accumulated in the seeds and leaves, while glucoiberin and glucoerucin were detected only in the seeds. No glucosinolates were detected in roots under the same experimental conditions. Other volatile constituents, e.g., terpenes and fatty acids were only identified in the seeds. The seed hydrolysate showed significant antimicrobial activities against Candida albicans and Pseudomonas aeruoginosa (MIC = 64 and 82 μg/mL, respectively). The seed hydrolysate exhibited a marked selective cytotoxicity in vitro against colorectal, hepatic and breast cancer cell lines. The IC50 values were 0.31, 2.25 and 37 μg/mL, respectively. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION The results indicated the antimicrobial activity of L. libyca and the selective effect of the seed hydrolysate as a cytotoxic drug that is potentially more active than doxorubicin against HCT-116.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amal A Al-Gendy
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA) , Giza , Egypt
- b Faculty of Pharmacy , Zagazig University , Zagazig , Egypt
| | - Khaled A Nematallah
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA) , Giza , Egypt
- c Faculty of Pharmacy , British University in Egypt , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Soumaya S Zaghloul
- a Faculty of Pharmacy , October University for Modern Sciences and Arts (MSA) , Giza , Egypt
| | - Nahla A Ayoub
- d Faculty of Pharmacy , Ain-Shams University , Cairo , Egypt
- e Faculty of Medicine , Umm Al-Qura University , Makkah , Saudi Arabia
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Olsen CE, Huang XC, Hansen CIC, Cipollini D, Ørgaard M, Matthes A, Geu-Flores F, Koch MA, Agerbirk N. Glucosinolate diversity within a phylogenetic framework of the tribe Cardamineae (Brassicaceae) unraveled with HPLC-MS/MS and NMR-based analytical distinction of 70 desulfoglucosinolates. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2016; 132:33-56. [PMID: 27743600 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2016.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 08/29/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
As a basis for future investigations of evolutionary trajectories and biosynthetic mechanisms underlying variations in glucosinolate structures, we screened members of the crucifer tribe Cardamineae by HPLC-MS/MS, isolated and identified glucosinolates by NMR, searched the literature for previous data for the tribe, and collected HPLC-MS/MS data for nearly all glucosinolates known from the tribe as well as some related structures (70 in total). This is a considerable proportion of the approximately 142 currently documented natural glucosinolates. Calibration with authentic references allowed distinction (or elucidation) of isomers in many cases, such as distinction of β-hydroxyls, methylthios, methylsulfinyls and methylsulfonyls. A mechanism for fragmentation of secondary β-hydroxyls in MS was elucidated, and two novel glucosinolates were discovered: 2-hydroxy-3-methylpentylglucosinolate in roots of Cardamine pratensis and 2-hydroxy-8-(methylsulfinyl)octylglucosinolate in seeds of Rorippa amphibia. A large number of glucosinolates (ca. 54 with high structural certainty and a further 28 or more suggested from tandem MS), representing a wide structural variation, is documented from the tribe. This included glucosinolates apparently derived from Met, Phe, Trp, Val/Leu, Ile and higher homologues. Normal side chain elongation and side chain decoration by oxidation or methylation was observed, as well as rare abnormal side chain decoration (hydroxylation of aliphatics at the δ rather than β-position). Some species had diverse profiles, e.g. R. amphibia and C. pratensis (19 and 16 individual glucosinolates, respectively), comparable to total diversity in literature reports of Armoracia rusticana (17?), Barbarea vulgaris (20-24), and Rorippa indica (>20?). The ancestor or the tribe would appear to have used Trp, Met, and homoPhe as glucosinolate precursor amino acids, and to exhibit oxidation of thio to sulfinyl, formation of alkenyls, β-hydroxylation of aliphatic chains and hydroxylation and methylation of indole glucosinolates. Two hotspots of apparent biochemical innovation and loss were identified: C. pratensis and the genus Barbarea. Diversity in other species mainly included structures also known from other crucifers. In addition to a role of gene duplication, two contrasting genetic/biochemical mechanisms for evolution of such combined diversity and redundancy are discussed: (i) involvement of widespread genes with expression varying during evolution, and (ii) mutational changes in substrate specificities of CYP79F and GS-OH enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl Erik Olsen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Xiao-Chen Huang
- Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Cecilie I C Hansen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Don Cipollini
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wright State University, 3640 Colonel Glenn Highway, Dayton, OH 45435, USA
| | - Marian Ørgaard
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Annemarie Matthes
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Fernando Geu-Flores
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Marcus A Koch
- Biodiversity and Plant Systematics, Centre for Organismal Studies (COS) Heidelberg, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 345, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Niels Agerbirk
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark; Copenhagen Plant Science Center, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 40, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark.
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Changes in rocket salad phytochemicals within the commercial supply chain: Glucosinolates, isothiocyanates, amino acids and bacterial load increase significantly after processing. Food Chem 2016; 221:521-534. [PMID: 27979236 PMCID: PMC5176039 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.11.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 11/24/2016] [Accepted: 11/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Glucosinolates, isothiocyanates and amino acids increase significantly over time. Glucoraphanin is not significantly affected by harvesting and processing. Sulforaphane significantly increases after processing in E. sativa cultivars. Bacterial load of leaves is correlated with glucosinolate and amino acid abundance. Commercial processing may increase the nutritional value of E. sativa to consumers.
Five cultivars of Eruca sativa and a commercial variety of Diplotaxis tenuifolia were grown in the UK (summer) and subjected to commercial growth, harvesting and processing, with subsequent shelf life storage. Glucosinolates (GSL), isothiocyanates (ITC), amino acids (AA), free sugars, and bacterial loads were analysed throughout the supply chain to determine the effects on phytochemical compositions. Bacterial load of leaves increased significantly over time and peaked during shelf life storage. Significant correlations were observed with GSL and AA concentrations, suggesting a previously unknown relationship between plants and endemic leaf bacteria. GSLs, ITCs and AAs increased significantly after processing and during shelf life. The supply chain did not significantly affect glucoraphanin concentrations, and its ITC sulforaphane significantly increased during shelf life in E. sativa cultivars. We hypothesise that commercial processing may increase the nutritional value of the crop, and have added health benefits for the consumer.
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Ragusa L, Picchi V, Tribulato A, Cavallaro C, Lo Scalzo R, Branca F. The effect of the germination temperature on the phytochemical content of broccoli and rocket sprouts. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2016; 68:411-420. [DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2016.1248907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Ragusa
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Valentina Picchi
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Unità di Ricerca per i processi dell’Industria Agroalimentare, Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandro Tribulato
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Chiara Cavallaro
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
| | - Roberto Lo Scalzo
- Consiglio per la ricerca in agricoltura e l'analisi dell'economia agraria (CREA), Unità di Ricerca per i processi dell’Industria Agroalimentare, Milan, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Branca
- Dipartimento di Agricoltura, Alimentazione e Ambiente, Università degli Studi di Catania, Catania, Italy
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Bell L, Methven L, Signore A, Oruna-Concha MJ, Wagstaff C. Analysis of seven salad rocket (Eruca sativa) accessions: The relationships between sensory attributes and volatile and non-volatile compounds. Food Chem 2016; 218:181-191. [PMID: 27719896 PMCID: PMC5066371 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.09.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Sensory and chemical analyses were performed on accessions of rocket (Eruca sativa) to determine phytochemical influences on sensory attributes. A trained panel was used to evaluate leaves, and chemical data were obtained for polyatomic ions, amino acids, sugars and organic acids. These chemical data (and data of glucosinolates, flavonols and headspace volatiles previously reported) were used in Principal Component Analysis (PCA) to determine variables statistically important to sensory traits. Significant differences were observed between samples for polyatomic ion and amino acid concentrations. PCA revealed strong, positive correlations between glucosinolates, isothiocyanates and sulfur compounds with bitterness, mustard, peppery, warming and initial heat mouthfeel traits. The ratio between glucosinolates and sugars inferred reduced perception of bitter aftereffects. We highlight the diversity of E. sativa accessions from a sensory and phytochemical standpoint, and the potential for breeders to create varieties that are nutritionally and sensorially superior to existing ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Bell
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AH, UK.
| | - Lisa Methven
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AH, UK
| | - Angelo Signore
- Dipartimento di Scienze Agro-Ambientali e Territoriali, University of Bari, Italy
| | - Maria Jose Oruna-Concha
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AH, UK
| | - Carol Wagstaff
- Department of Food & Nutritional Sciences, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AH, UK; Centre for Food Security, University of Reading, Whiteknights, Reading, Berkshire RG6 6AH, UK
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Ku KM, Kim MJ, Jeffery EH, Kang YH, Juvik JA. Profiles of Glucosinolates, Their Hydrolysis Products, and Quinone Reductase Inducing Activity from 39 Arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.) Accessions. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2016; 64:6524-32. [PMID: 27523193 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.6b02750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Glucosinolates, their hydrolysis product concentrations, and the quinone reductase (QR) inducing activity of extracts of leaf tissue were assayed from 39 arugula (Eruca sativa Mill.) accessions. Arugula accessions from Mediterranean countries (n = 16; Egypt, Greece, Italy, Libya, Spain, and Turkey) and Northern Europe (n = 2; Poland and United Kingdom) were higher in glucosinolates and their hydrolysis products, especially glucoraphanin and sulforaphane, compared to those from Asia (n = 13; China, India, and Pakistan) and Middle East Asia (n = 8; Afghanistan, Iran, and Israel). The QR inducing activity was also the highest in Mediterranean and Northern European arugula accessions, possibly due to a significant positive correlation between sulforaphane and QR inducing activity (r = 0.54). No nitrile hydrolysis products were found, suggesting very low or no epithiospecifier protein activity from these arugula accessions. Broad sense heritability (H(2)) was estimated to be 0.91-0.98 for glucoinolates, 0.55-0.83 for their hydrolysis products, and 0.90 for QR inducing activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kang-Mo Ku
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Moo Jung Kim
- Division of Plant and Soil Sciences, West Virginia University , Morgantown, West Virginia 26505, United States
| | - Elizabeth H Jeffery
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
| | - Young-Hwa Kang
- Division of Applied Biosciences, College of Agriculture & Life Sciences, Kyungpook National University , Daegu, 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - John A Juvik
- Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign , Urbana, Illinois 61801, United States
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Bulgakov VP, Veremeichik GN, Grigorchuk VP, Rybin VG, Shkryl YN. The rolB gene activates secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis calli via selective activation of genes encoding MYB and bHLH transcription factors. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 102:70-79. [PMID: 26913794 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.02.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 02/11/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
It is known that the rolB gene of Agrobacterium rhizogenes increases the production of secondary metabolites in transformed plant cells, but its mechanism of action remains unclear. In this report, we demonstrate that rolB expression in Arabidopsis thaliana calli led to the activation of most genes encoding secondary metabolism-specific MYB and bHLH transcription factors (TFs), such as MYB11, MYB12, MYB28, MYB76, MYB34, MYB51, MYB122, TT2 and TT8. Accordingly, a higher transcript abundance of main biosynthetic genes related to these factors was detected. The rolB-transformed calli produced 3-fold higher levels of indolic glucosinolates (GSs) compared with normal calli but did not produce secondary metabolites from other groups. Enhanced accumulation of indolic GSs was caused by activation of MYB34, MYB51 and MYB122, and the absence of aliphatic GSs in transformed calli was caused by the inability of rolB to induce MYB29. The inability of rolB-calli to produce flavonoids was caused by the lack of MYB111 expression, induced by the rolB-mediated conversion of MYB expression from cotyledon-specific to root-specific patterns. The high specificity of rolB on secondary metabolism-specific TFs was demonstrated for the first time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor P Bulgakov
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., Vladivostok 690022, Russia; Far Eastern Federal University, Vladivostok 690950, Russia.
| | - Galina N Veremeichik
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Valeria P Grigorchuk
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., Vladivostok 690022, Russia
| | - Viacheslav G Rybin
- A.V. Zhirmunsky Institute of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 17 Palchevskogo Str., Vladivostok 690059, Russia
| | - Yuri N Shkryl
- Institute of Biology and Soil Science, Far Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 159 Stoletija Str., Vladivostok 690022, Russia
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Hamed AI, Said RB, Kontek B, Al-Ayed AS, Kowalczyk M, Moldoch J, Stochmal A, Olas B. LC-ESI-MS/MS profile of phenolic and glucosinolate compounds in samh flour (Mesembryanthemum forsskalei Hochst. ex Boiss) and the inhibition of oxidative stress by these compounds in human plasma. Food Res Int 2016; 85:282-290. [PMID: 29544846 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2016.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Samh flour (Mesembryanthemum forsskalei) is a foodstuff with high protein content, which can be used as a replacement for wheat flour. It is often consumed by Bedouin tribes of northern Saudi Arabia. Very little is known about bioactive molecules present in samh flour, therefore we analyzed its extracts to evaluate the contents of secondary metabolites. A total of 43 secondary metabolites present in 60% MeOH extract of samh flour were tentatively identified using LC-ESI-MS/MS. These compounds represented five major categories: glucosinolates, sinapic acid and sinapoylglycosides, acylated flavonoids, flavonoids, and amide derivatives. Their effect on oxidative damage of proteins and lipids was determined in vitro by assessing levels of protein thiol groups and concentrations of thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) in human plasma. Obtained results indicated that samh flour is a rich source of compounds with antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arafa I Hamed
- Phytochemistry Laboratory, Department of Botany, Faculty of Science, Aswan University, Aswan 81528, Egypt; Department of Chemistry, College of Science & Arts at Al-Rass, Qassim University, P.O. 53, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia; Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Ridha Ben Said
- Unité Physico Chimie des Matériaux Condensés-UR11ES19, Département de Chimie, Faculté des Sciences de Tunis Université, Tunis El Manar Campus Universitaire, MANAR II, Tunis, Tunisia; Department of Chemistry, College of Science & Arts at Al-Rass, Qassim University, P.O. 53, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Bogdan Kontek
- Department of General Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland
| | - Abdullah S Al-Ayed
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science & Arts at Al-Rass, Qassim University, P.O. 53, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mariusz Kowalczyk
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Jaroslaw Moldoch
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Anna Stochmal
- Department of Biochemistry and Crop Quality, Institute of Soil Science and Plant Cultivation, State Research Institute, ul. Czartoryskich 8, 24-100 Pulawy, Poland
| | - Beata Olas
- Department of General Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, Pomorska 141/3, 90-236 Lodz, Poland.
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Franco P, Spinozzi S, Pagnotta E, Lazzeri L, Ugolini L, Camborata C, Roda A. Development of a liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry method for the simultaneous analysis of intact glucosinolates and isothiocyanates in Brassicaceae seeds and functional foods. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1428:154-61. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Revised: 07/23/2015] [Accepted: 09/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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50
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Aissani N, Urgeghe PP, Oplos C, Saba M, Tocco G, Petretto GL, Eloh K, Menkissoglu-Spiroudi U, Ntalli N, Caboni P. Nematicidal Activity of the Volatilome of Eruca sativa on Meloidogyne incognita. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2015; 63:6120-5. [PMID: 26082278 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5b02425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Research on new pesticides based on plant extracts, aimed at the development of nontoxic formulates, has recently gained increased interest. This study investigated the use of the volatilome of rucola (Eruca sativa) as a powerful natural nematicidal agent against the root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Analysis of the composition of the volatilome, using GC-MS-SPME, showed that the compound (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate was the most abundant, followed by (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol and erucin, with relative percentages of 22.7 ± 1.6, 15.9 ± 2.3, and 8.6 ± 1.3, respectively. Testing of the nematicidal activity of rucola volatile compounds revealed that erucin, pentyl isothiocyanate, hexyl isothiocyanate, (E)-2-hexenal, 2-ethylfuran, and methyl thiocyanate were the most active with EC50 values of 3.2 ± 1.7, 11.1 ± 5.0, 11.3 ± 2.6, 15.0 ± 3.3, 16.0 ± 5.0, and 18.1 ± 0.6 mg/L, respectively, after 24 h of incubation. Moreover, the nematicidal activity of fresh rucola used as soil amendant in a containerized culture of tomato decreased the nematode infection in a dose-response manner (EC50 = 20.03 mg/g) and plant growth was improved. On the basis of these results, E. sativa can be considered as a promising companion plant in intercropping strategies for tomato growers to control root-knot nematodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadhem Aissani
- †Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pietro Paolo Urgeghe
- §Dipartimento di Agraria, Università degli Studi di Sassari, Viale Italia 39, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Chrisostomos Oplos
- #Pesticide Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Marco Saba
- †Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Graziella Tocco
- †Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Giacomo Luigi Petretto
- ⊥Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, via F. Muroni 23/b, I-07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Kodjo Eloh
- †Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Urania Menkissoglu-Spiroudi
- #Pesticide Science Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Nikoletta Ntalli
- †Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
| | - Pierluigi Caboni
- †Department of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Cagliari, Via Ospedale 72, 09124 Cagliari, Italy
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