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Auger A, Yu SY, Guu SY, Quéméner A, Euller-Nicolas G, Ando H, Desdouits M, Le Guyader FS, Khoo KH, Le Pendu J, Chirat F, Guerardel Y. Species-Specific N-Glycomes and Methylation Patterns of Oysters Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis and Their Possible Consequences for the Norovirus-HBGA Interaction. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:342. [PMID: 37367667 DOI: 10.3390/md21060342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses, the major cause of acute viral gastroenteritis, are known to bind to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs), including ABH groups and Lewis-type epitopes, which decorate the surface of erythrocytes and epithelial cells of their host tissues. The biosynthesis of these antigens is controlled by several glycosyltransferases, the distribution and expression of which varies between tissues and individuals. The use of HBGAs as ligands by viruses is not limited to humans, as many animal species, including oysters, which synthesize similar glycan epitopes that act as a gateway for viruses, become vectors for viral infection in humans. Here, we show that different oyster species synthesize a wide range of N-glycans that share histo-blood A-antigens but differ in the expression of other terminal antigens and in their modification by O-methyl groups. In particular, we show that the N-glycans isolated from Crassostrea gigas and Ostrea edulis exhibit exquisite methylation patterns in their terminal N-acetylgalactosamine and fucose residues in terms of position and number, adding another layer of complexity to the post-translational glycosylation modifications of glycoproteins. Furthermore, modeling of the interactions between norovirus capsid proteins and carbohydrate ligands strongly suggests that methylation has the potential to fine-tune the recognition events of oysters by virus particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Audrey Auger
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Shin-Yi Yu
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Shih-Yun Guu
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
| | - Agnès Quéméner
- Nantes Université, Inserm UMR 1307, CNRS UMR 6075, Université d'Angers, CRCI2NA, F-44000 Nantes, France
| | - Gabriel Euller-Nicolas
- MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, Ifremer, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France
| | - Hiromune Ando
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
| | - Marion Desdouits
- MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, Ifremer, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France
| | - Françoise S Le Guyader
- MASAE Microbiologie Aliment Santé Environnement, Ifremer, BP 21105, 44311 Nantes, France
| | - Kay-Hooi Khoo
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Nangang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan
- Institute of Biochemical Sciences, National Taiwan University, Taipei 10617, Taiwan
| | - Jacques Le Pendu
- Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, Nantes Université, Inserm, CNRS, UMR 1302/EMR6001, 44200 Nantes, France
| | - Frederic Chirat
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Yann Guerardel
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, UMR 8576-UGSF-Unité de Glycobiologie Structurale et Fonctionnelle, F-59000 Lille, France
- Institute for Glyco-core Research (iGCORE), Gifu University, Gifu 501-1193, Japan
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2
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Packer RJ, Shrine N, Hall R, Melbourne CA, Thompson R, Williams AT, Paynton ML, Guyatt AL, Allen RJ, Lee PH, John C, Campbell A, Hayward C, de Vries M, Vonk JM, Davitte J, Hessel E, Michalovich D, Betts JC, Sayers I, Yeo A, Hall IP, Tobin MD, Wain LV. Genome-wide association study of chronic sputum production implicates loci involved in mucus production and infection. Eur Respir J 2023; 61:2201667. [PMID: 37263751 PMCID: PMC10284065 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.01667-2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic sputum production impacts on quality of life and is a feature of many respiratory diseases. Identification of the genetic variants associated with chronic sputum production in a disease agnostic sample could improve understanding of its causes and identify new molecular targets for treatment. METHODS We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of chronic sputum production in UK Biobank. Signals meeting genome-wide significance (p<5×10-8) were investigated in additional independent studies, were fine-mapped and putative causal genes identified by gene expression analysis. GWASs of respiratory traits were interrogated to identify whether the signals were driven by existing respiratory disease among the cases and variants were further investigated for wider pleiotropic effects using phenome-wide association studies (PheWASs). RESULTS From a GWAS of 9714 cases and 48 471 controls, we identified six novel genome-wide significant signals for chronic sputum production including signals in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) locus, chromosome 11 mucin locus (containing MUC2, MUC5AC and MUC5B) and FUT2 locus. The four common variant associations were supported by independent studies with a combined sample size of up to 2203 cases and 17 627 controls. The mucin locus signal had previously been reported for association with moderate-to-severe asthma. The HLA signal was fine-mapped to an amino acid change of threonine to arginine (frequency 36.8%) in HLA-DRB1 (HLA-DRB1*03:147). The signal near FUT2 was associated with expression of several genes including FUT2, for which the direction of effect was tissue dependent. Our PheWAS identified a wide range of associations including blood cell traits, liver biomarkers, infections, gastrointestinal and thyroid-associated diseases, and respiratory disease. CONCLUSIONS Novel signals at the FUT2 and mucin loci suggest that mucin fucosylation may be a driver of chronic sputum production even in the absence of diagnosed respiratory disease and provide genetic support for this pathway as a target for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Packer
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Nick Shrine
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Robert Hall
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Carl A Melbourne
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Rebecca Thompson
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Alex T Williams
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Megan L Paynton
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Anna L Guyatt
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Richard J Allen
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Paul H Lee
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Catherine John
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Archie Campbell
- Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Caroline Hayward
- Medical Research Council Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Cancer, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Maaike de Vries
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Judith M Vonk
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Epidemiology and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Ian Sayers
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | | | - Ian P Hall
- Centre for Respiratory Research, NIHR Nottingham Biomedical Research Centre, School of Medicine, Biodiscovery Institute, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - Martin D Tobin
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
| | - Louise V Wain
- Department of Population Health Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- Leicester NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, Glenfield Hospital, Leicester, UK
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3
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Godefroy E, Barbé L, Le Moullac-Vaidye B, Rocher J, Breiman A, Leuillet S, Mariat D, Chatel JM, Ruvoën-Clouet N, Carton T, Jotereau F, Le Pendu J. Microbiota-induced regulatory T cells associate with FUT2-dependent susceptibility to rotavirus gastroenteritis. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1123803. [PMID: 36922975 PMCID: PMC10008897 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1123803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The FUT2 α1,2fucosyltransferase contributes to the synthesis of fucosylated glycans used as attachment factors by several pathogens, including noroviruses and rotaviruses, that can induce life-threatening gastroenteritis in young children. FUT2 genetic polymorphisms impairing fucosylation are strongly associated with resistance to dominant strains of both noroviruses and rotaviruses. Interestingly, the wild-type allele associated with viral gastroenteritis susceptibility inversely appears to be protective against several inflammatory or autoimmune diseases for yet unclear reasons, although a FUT2 influence on microbiota composition has been observed. Here, we studied a cohort of young healthy adults and showed that the wild-type FUT2 allele was associated with the presence of anti-RVA antibodies, either neutralizing antibodies or serum IgA, confirming its association with the risk of RVA gastroenteritis. Strikingly, it was also associated with the frequency of gut microbiota-induced regulatory T cells (Tregs), so-called DP8α Tregs, albeit only in individuals who had anti-RVA neutralizing antibodies or high titers of anti-RVA IgAs. DP8α Tregs specifically recognize the human symbiont Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, which strongly supports their induction by this anti-inflammatory bacterium. The proportion of F. prausnitzii in feces was also associated with the FUT2 wild-type allele. These observations link the FUT2 genotype with the risk of RVA gastroenteritis, the microbiota and microbiota-induced DP8α Treg cells, suggesting that the anti-RVA immune response might involve an induction/expansion of these T lymphocytes later providing a balanced immunological state that confers protection against inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Godefroy
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Laure Barbé
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Béatrice Le Moullac-Vaidye
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Jézabel Rocher
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Adrien Breiman
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France.,CHU de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | | | - Denis Mariat
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319, MICALIS, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Jean-Marc Chatel
- INRAE, AgroParisTech, UMR1319, MICALIS, Université Paris Saclay, Jouy en Josas, France
| | - Nathalie Ruvoën-Clouet
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France.,ONIRIS, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire, Agroalimentaire et de l'Alimentation, Nantes, France
| | | | - Francine Jotereau
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
| | - Jacques Le Pendu
- Inserm, CNRS, Immunology and New Concepts in ImmunoTherapy, INCIT, UMR 1303/EMR6001, Nantes Université, Nantes, France
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4
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The Role of Histo-Blood Group Antigens and Microbiota in Human Norovirus Replication in Zebrafish Larvae. Microbiol Spectr 2022; 10:e0315722. [PMID: 36314930 PMCID: PMC9769672 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.03157-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is the major agent for viral gastroenteritis, causing >700 million infections yearly. Fucose-containing carbohydrates named histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are known (co)receptors for HuNoV. Moreover, bacteria of the gut microbiota expressing HBGA-like structures have shown an enhancing effect on HuNoV replication in an in vitro model. Here, we studied the role of HBGAs and the host microbiota during HuNoV infection in zebrafish larvae. Using whole-mount immunohistochemistry, we visualized the fucose expression in the zebrafish gut for the HBGA Lewis X [LeX, α(1,3)-fucose] and core fucose [α(1,6)-fucose]. Costaining of HuNoV-infected larvae proved colocalization of LeX and to a lower extent core fucose with the viral capsid protein VP1, indicating the presence of fucose residues on infected cells. Upon blocking of fucose expression by a fluorinated fucose analogue, HuNoV replication was strongly reduced. Furthermore, by comparing HuNoV replication in conventional and germfree zebrafish larvae, we found that the natural zebrafish microbiome does not have an effect on HuNoV replication, contrary to earlier reports about the human gut microbiome. Interestingly, monoassociation with the HBGA-expressing Enterobacter cloacae resulted in a minor decrease in HuNoV replication, which was not triggered by a stronger innate immune response. Overall, we show here that fucose has an essential role for HuNoV infection in zebrafish larvae, as in the human host, but their natural gut microbiome does not affect viral replication. IMPORTANCE Despite causing over 700 million infections yearly, many gaps remain in the knowledge of human norovirus (HuNoV) biology due to an historical lack of efficient cultivation systems. Fucose-containing carbohydrate structures, named histo-blood group antigens, are known to be important (co)receptors for viral entry in humans, while the natural gut microbiota is suggested to enhance viral replication. This study shows a conserved mechanism of entry for HuNoV in the novel zebrafish infection model, highlighting the pivotal opportunity this model represents to study entry mechanisms and identify the cellular receptor of HuNoV. Our results shed light on the interaction of HuNoV with the zebrafish microbiota, contributing to the understanding of the interplay between gut microbiota and enteric viruses. The ease of generating germfree animals that can be colonized with human gut bacteria is an additional advantage of using zebrafish larvae in virology. This small animal model constitutes an innovative alternative to high-severity animal models.
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5
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Brewer-Jensen PD, Reyes Y, Becker-Dreps S, González F, Mallory ML, Gutiérrez L, Zepeda O, Centeno E, Vielot N, Diez-Valcarce M, Vinjé J, Baric R, Lindesmith LC, Bucardo F. Norovirus Infection in Young Nicaraguan Children Induces Durable and Genotype-Specific Antibody Immunity. Viruses 2022; 14:v14092053. [PMID: 36146859 PMCID: PMC9501366 DOI: 10.3390/v14092053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There are significant challenges to the development of a pediatric norovirus vaccine, mainly due to the antigenic diversity among strains infecting young children. Characterizing human norovirus serotypes and understanding norovirus immunity in naïve children would provide key information for designing rational vaccine platforms. In this study, 26 Nicaraguan children experiencing their first norovirus acute gastroenteritis (AGE) episode during the first 18 months of life were investigated. We used a surrogate neutralization assay that measured antibodies blocking the binding of 13 different norovirus virus-like particles (VLPs) to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) in pre- and post-infection sera. To assess for asymptomatic norovirus infections, stools from asymptomatic children were collected monthly, screened for norovirus by RT-qPCR and genotyped by sequencing. Seroconversion of an HBGA-blocking antibody matched the infecting genotype in 25 (96%) of the 26 children. A subset of 13 (50%) and 4 (15%) of the 26 children experienced monotypic GII and GI seroconversion, respectively, strongly suggesting a type-specific response in naïve children, and 9 (35%) showed multitypic seroconversion. The most frequent pairing in multitypic seroconversion (8/12) were GII.4 Sydney and GII.12 noroviruses, both co-circulating at the time. Blocking antibody titers to these two genotypes did not correlate with each other, suggesting multiple exposure rather than cross-reactivity between genotypes. In addition, GII titers remained consistent for at least 19 months post-infection, demonstrating durable immunity. In conclusion, the first natural norovirus gastroenteritis episodes in these young children were dominated by a limited number of genotypes and induced responses of antibodies blocking binding of norovirus VLPs in a genotype-specific manner, suggesting that an effective pediatric norovirus vaccine likely needs to be multivalent and include globally dominant genotypes. The duration of protection from natural infections provides optimism for pediatric norovirus vaccines administered early in life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Brewer-Jensen
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Yaoska Reyes
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León 21000, Nicaragua
- Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Linköping University, SE-581 83 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Sylvia Becker-Dreps
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Fredman González
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León 21000, Nicaragua
| | - Michael L. Mallory
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lester Gutiérrez
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León 21000, Nicaragua
| | - Omar Zepeda
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León 21000, Nicaragua
| | - Edwing Centeno
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León 21000, Nicaragua
| | - Nadja Vielot
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marta Diez-Valcarce
- Division of Viral Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Jan Vinjé
- Division of Viral Diseases, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA
| | - Ralph Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Lisa C. Lindesmith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Filemon Bucardo
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León 21000, Nicaragua
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +505-89040938
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6
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Zhao Z, Hossain MI, Jung S, Wang Z, Yeo D, Song M, Min A, Park S, Choi C. Survival of murine norovirus and hepatitis A virus in bottled drinking water, strawberries, and oysters. Food Control 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodcont.2021.108623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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7
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Shokri P, Golmohammadi S, Noori M, Nejadghaderi SA, Carson-Chahhoud K, Safiri S. The relationship between blood groups and risk of infection with SARS-CoV-2 or development of severe outcomes: A review. Rev Med Virol 2022; 32:e2247. [PMID: 34997677 PMCID: PMC8209917 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.2247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‐19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) is considered a global catastrophe that has overwhelmed health care systems. Since initiation of the pandemic, identification of characteristics that might influence risk of infection and poor disease outcomes have been of paramount interest. Blood group phenotypes are genetically inherited characteristics whose association with certain infectious diseases have long been debated. The aim of this review is to identify whether a certain type of blood group may influence an individual’s susceptibility to SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and developing severe outcomes. Our review shows that blood group O protects individuals against SARS‐CoV‐2, whereas blood group A predisposes them to being infected. Although the association between blood groups and outcomes of COVID‐19 is not consistent, it is speculated that non‐O blood group carriers with COVID‐19 are at higher risk of developing severe outcomes in comparison to O blood group. The interaction between blood groups and SARS‐CoV‐2 infection is hypothesized to be as result of natural antibodies against blood group antigens that may act as a part of innate immune response to neutralize viral particles. Alternatively, blood group antigens could serve as additional receptors for the virus and individuals who are capable of expressing these antigens on epithelial cells, which are known as secretors, would then have a high propensity to be affected by SARS‐CoV‐2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pourya Shokri
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeid Golmohammadi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Noori
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Aria Nejadghaderi
- School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Expert Group (SRMEG), Universal Scientific Education and Research Network (USERN), Tehran, Iran
| | - Kristin Carson-Chahhoud
- Australian Centre for Precision Health, University of South Australia, South Australia, Australia.,School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, South Australia, Australia
| | - Saeid Safiri
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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8
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Hong X, Xue L, Liao Y, Wu A, Jiang Y, Kou X. Association of fucosyltransferase 2 gene with norovirus infection: A systematic review and meta-analysis. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2021; 96:105091. [PMID: 34610432 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2021.105091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Norovirus is a leading cause of viral gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. Histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) are important host attachment factors in susceptibility to norovirus. In this study, the association of FUT2 gene, which participates in the biosynthesis of HBGAs, with norovirus infection has been investigated. METHODS All relevant studies on the associations of FUT2 gene with norovirus were retrieved from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase, and Cochrane Library databases. Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to analyze the extracted data. I2 statistic, sensitivity analysis and publication bias analysis were used to confirm the findings. Subgroup analyses were performed for races, genotypes, development degree of the countries, publication years, age and setting when heterogeneity was recorded. RESULTS Twenty studies including 4066 participants were included for the meta-analysis. This analysis showed that there is a significant association between FUT2 gene and norovirus infection (OR = 3.02, 95%CI = 2.00-4.55, P < 0.001). Additionally, the ORs of norovirus infection among Chinese (OR = 4.49, 95%CI = 2.37-8.50, P < 0.001) were higher than those among Caucasian (OR = 3.23, 95%CI = 2.20-4.74, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS The meta-analysis suggested that FUT2 gene is associated with susceptibility to norovirus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojing Hong
- KingMed school of Laboratory Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Microbial Safety and Health, State Key Laboratory of Applied Microbiology Southern China, Institute of Microbiology, Guangdong Academy of Science, China.
| | - Yingyin Liao
- KingMed school of Laboratory Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Aiwu Wu
- KingMed school of Laboratory Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yueting Jiang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510120, China
| | - Xiaoxia Kou
- KingMed school of Laboratory Medicine of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.
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9
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Zweigart MR, Becker-Dreps S, Bucardo F, González F, Baric RS, Lindesmith LC. Serological Humoral Immunity Following Natural Infection of Children with High Burden Gastrointestinal Viruses. Viruses 2021; 13:2033. [PMID: 34696463 PMCID: PMC8538683 DOI: 10.3390/v13102033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute gastroenteritis (AGE) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, resulting in an estimated 440,571 deaths of children under age 5 annually. Rotavirus, norovirus, and sapovirus are leading causes of childhood AGE. A successful rotavirus vaccine has reduced rotavirus hospitalizations by more than 50%. Using rotavirus as a guide, elucidating the determinants, breath, and duration of serological antibody immunity to AGE viruses, as well as host genetic factors that define susceptibility is essential for informing development of future vaccines and improving current vaccine candidates. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of disease burden and serological antibody immunity following natural infection to inform further vaccine development for these three high-burden viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark R. Zweigart
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (M.R.Z.); (S.B.-D.)
| | - Sylvia Becker-Dreps
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (M.R.Z.); (S.B.-D.)
- Department of Family Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Filemón Bucardo
- Department of Microbiology, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León 21000, Nicaragua; (F.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Fredman González
- Department of Microbiology, National Autonomous University of Nicaragua, León 21000, Nicaragua; (F.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Ralph S. Baric
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (M.R.Z.); (S.B.-D.)
| | - Lisa C. Lindesmith
- Department of Epidemiology, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (M.R.Z.); (S.B.-D.)
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10
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Hodel F, Chong AY, Scepanovic P, Xu ZM, Naret O, Thorball CW, Rüeger S, Marques-Vidal P, Vollenweider P, Begemann M, Ehrenreich H, Brenner N, Bender N, Waterboer T, Mentzer AJ, Hill AVS, Hammer C, Fellay J. Human genomics of the humoral immune response against polyomaviruses. Virus Evol 2021; 7:veab058. [PMID: 34532061 PMCID: PMC8438875 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Human polyomaviruses are widespread in humans and can cause severe disease in immunocompromised individuals. To identify human genetic determinants of the humoral immune response against polyomaviruses, we performed genome-wide association studies and meta-analyses of qualitative and quantitative immunoglobulin G responses against BK polyomavirus (BKPyV), JC polyomavirus (JCPyV), Merkel cellpolyomavirus (MCPyV), WU polyomavirus (WUPyV), and human polyomavirus 6 (HPyV6) in 15,660 individuals of European ancestry from three independent studies. We observed significant associations for all tested viruses: JCPyV, HPyV6, and MCPyV associated with human leukocyte antigen class II variation, BKPyV and JCPyV with variants in FUT2, responsible for secretor status, MCPyV with variants in STING1, involved in interferon induction, and WUPyV with a functional variant in MUC1, previously associated with risk for gastric cancer. These results provide insights into the genetic control of a family of very prevalent human viruses, highlighting genes and pathways that play a modulating role in human humoral immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - A Y Chong
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom
| | - P Scepanovic
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, Headquarters Grenzacherstrasse 124, CH-4070 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Z M Xu
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - O Naret
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland,Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Quartier UNIL-Sorge, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - C W Thorball
- Global Health Institute, School of Life Sciences, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland,Precision Medicine Unit, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - S Rüeger
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland, Institute of Life Science HiLIFE, University of Helsinki, Haartmaninkatu 8, 00290 Helsinki, Finland
| | - P Marques-Vidal
- Department of Medicine, Internal Medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Rue du Bugnon 46, CH-1011 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - M Begemann
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - H Ehrenreich
- Clinical Neuroscience, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, DFG Research Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Hermann-Rein-Straße 3, 37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - N Brenner
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - N Bender
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Waterboer
- Infections and Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center, Im Neuenheimer Feld 280, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - A V S Hill
- The Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, United Kingdom,The Jenner Institute, University of Oxford, Old Road Campus Research Build, Roosevelt Dr, Oxford OX1 2JD, United Kingdom
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11
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Crawford SE, Ramani S, Blutt SE, Estes MK. Organoids to Dissect Gastrointestinal Virus-Host Interactions: What Have We Learned? Viruses 2021; 13:999. [PMID: 34071878 PMCID: PMC8230193 DOI: 10.3390/v13060999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2021] [Accepted: 05/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Historically, knowledge of human host-enteric pathogen interactions has been elucidated from studies using cancer cells, animal models, clinical data, and occasionally, controlled human infection models. Although much has been learned from these studies, an understanding of the complex interactions between human viruses and the human intestinal epithelium was initially limited by the lack of nontransformed culture systems, which recapitulate the relevant heterogenous cell types that comprise the intestinal villus epithelium. New investigations using multicellular, physiologically active, organotypic cultures produced from intestinal stem cells isolated from biopsies or surgical specimens provide an exciting new avenue for understanding human specific pathogens and revealing previously unknown host-microbe interactions that affect replication and outcomes of human infections. Here, we summarize recent biologic discoveries using human intestinal organoids and human enteric viral pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sue E. Crawford
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.E.C.); (S.R.); (S.E.B.)
| | - Sasirekha Ramani
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.E.C.); (S.R.); (S.E.B.)
| | - Sarah E. Blutt
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.E.C.); (S.R.); (S.E.B.)
| | - Mary K. Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (S.E.C.); (S.R.); (S.E.B.)
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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12
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The role of O-glycosylation in human disease. Mol Aspects Med 2021; 79:100964. [PMID: 33775405 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2021.100964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
O-glycosylation is a highly frequent post-translation modification of proteins, with important functional implications in both physiological and disease contexts. The biosynthesis of O-glycans depends on several layers of regulation of the cellular glycosylation machinery, being organ-, tissue- and cell-specific. This review provides insights on the molecular mechanism underlying O-glycan biosynthesis and modification, and highlights illustrative examples of diseases that are triggered or modulated by aberrant cellular O-glycosylation. Particular relevance is given to genetic disorders of glycosylation, infectious diseases and cancer. Finally, we address the potential of O-glycans and their biosynthetic pathways as targets for novel therapeutic strategies.
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13
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Eshaghi Gorji M, Tan MTH, Li D. Influence of fucosidase-producing bifidobacteria on the HBGA antigenicity of oyster digestive tissue and the associated norovirus binding. Int J Food Microbiol 2021; 340:109058. [PMID: 33461001 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2021.109058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Bivalve molluscan shellfish such as oysters are filter feeders and are able to accumulate human noroviruses (NoVs) largely due to the presence of human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs)-like carbohydrates in their intestine. Since the fucose contents play a key role in the binding of NoVs to HBGAs, this study intended to investigate the influence of fucosidase-producing bifidobacteria on the HBGA antigenicity of oyster digestive tissue and the associated NoV binding. On the contrary to the expected, after a treatment of the oyster digestive tissue extracts with Bifidobacterium bifidum strain JCM 1254, the binding of human NoV GII.4 virus like particles (VLPs) to the oyster digestive tissue extracts enhanced significantly (OD450 from 1.15 ± 0.05 to 1.51 ± 0.02, P < 0.001) in an in vitro direct binding assay. The accumulation of human NoV GII·P16-GII.4 also enhanced significantly in the intestine of B. bifidum JCM 1254 treated oysters from 4.27 ± 0.25 log genomic copies/g oyster digestive tissue to 5.25 ± 0.29 log genomic copies/g oyster digestive tissue (P < 0.005) as observed in an in vivo test. Correspondingly, the type A antigenicity of the oyster digestive tissue extracts enhanced (OD450 from 0.77 ± 0.04 to 1.06 ± 0.05, P < 0.01) after the treatment with B. bifidum JCM 1254. These results could be explained by the substrate specificity of the B. bifidum JCM 1254 associated fucosidases. This study identified an indirect interaction possibly happening between the bacterial microbiota with human NoVs during their transmission in the food systems. We also supplied a potential strategy to mitigate the NoV contamination from shellfish, suppose bacterial strains with specified fucosidase production could be obtained in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamad Eshaghi Gorji
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Malcolm Turk Hsern Tan
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Dan Li
- Department of Food Science & Technology, Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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14
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Kachuri L, Francis SS, Morrison ML, Wendt GA, Bossé Y, Cavazos TB, Rashkin SR, Ziv E, Witte JS. The landscape of host genetic factors involved in immune response to common viral infections. Genome Med 2020; 12:93. [PMID: 33109261 PMCID: PMC7590248 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-020-00790-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Humans and viruses have co-evolved for millennia resulting in a complex host genetic architecture. Understanding the genetic mechanisms of immune response to viral infection provides insight into disease etiology and therapeutic opportunities. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive study including genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association analyses to identify genetic loci associated with immunoglobulin G antibody response to 28 antigens for 16 viruses using serological data from 7924 European ancestry participants in the UK Biobank cohort. RESULTS Signals in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II region dominated the landscape of viral antibody response, with 40 independent loci and 14 independent classical alleles, 7 of which exhibited pleiotropic effects across viral families. We identified specific amino acid (AA) residues that are associated with seroreactivity, the strongest associations presented in a range of AA positions within DRβ1 at positions 11, 13, 71, and 74 for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), Varicella zoster virus (VZV), human herpesvirus 7, (HHV7), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV). Genome-wide association analyses discovered 7 novel genetic loci outside the HLA associated with viral antibody response (P < 5.0 × 10-8), including FUT2 (19q13.33) for human polyomavirus BK (BKV), STING1 (5q31.2) for MCV, and CXCR5 (11q23.3) and TBKBP1 (17q21.32) for HHV7. Transcriptome-wide association analyses identified 114 genes associated with response to viral infection, 12 outside of the HLA region, including ECSCR: P = 5.0 × 10-15 (MCV), NTN5: P = 1.1 × 10-9 (BKV), and P2RY13: P = 1.1 × 10-8 EBV nuclear antigen. We also demonstrated pleiotropy between viral response genes and complex diseases, from autoimmune disorders to cancer to neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the importance of the HLA region in host response to viral infection and elucidates novel genetic determinants beyond the HLA that contribute to host-virus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kachuri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Stephen S Francis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Maike L Morrison
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
- Summer Research Training Program, Graduate Division, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Texas, Austin, TX, USA
| | - George A Wendt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Institut Universitaire de Cardiologie et de Pneumologie de Québec, Quebec City, QC, Canada
| | - Taylor B Cavazos
- Program in Biological and Medical Informatics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sara R Rashkin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Elad Ziv
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - John S Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA.
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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15
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Chassaing M, Robin M, Loutreul J, Majou D, Belliot G, de Rougemont A, Boudaud N, Gantzer C. The effect of proteolytic enzymes and pH on GII.4 norovirus, during both interactions and non-interaction with Histo-Blood Group Antigens. Sci Rep 2020; 10:17926. [PMID: 33087754 PMCID: PMC7578656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-74728-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the leading cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. Histo-Blood Groups Antigens (HBGAs) have been described as attachment factors, promoting HuNoV infection. However, their role has not yet been elucidated. This study aims to evaluate the ability of HBGAs to protect HuNoVs against various factors naturally found in the human digestive system. The effects of acid pH and proteolytic enzymes (pepsin, trypsin, and chymotrypsin) on GII.4 virus-like particles (VLPs) and GII.4 HuNoVs were studied, both during interactions and non-interaction with HBGAs. The results showed that GII.4 VLPs and GII.4 HuNoVs behaved differently following the treatments. GII.4 VLPs were disrupted at a pH of less than 2.0 and in the presence of proteolytic enzymes (1,500 units/mL pepsin, 100 mg/mL trypsin, and 100 mg/mL chymotrypsin). VLPs were also partially damaged by lower concentrations of trypsin and chymotrypsin (0.1 mg/mL). Conversely, the capsids of GII.4 HuNoVs were not compromised by such treatments, since their genomes were not accessible to RNase. HBGAs were found to offer GII.4 VLPs no protection against an acid pH or proteolytic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manon Chassaing
- Food Safety Department, Actalia, 50000, Saint-Lô, France
- University of Lorraine, CNRS, LCPME, 54000, Nancy, France
| | - Maëlle Robin
- Food Safety Department, Actalia, 50000, Saint-Lô, France
| | - Julie Loutreul
- Food Safety Department, Actalia, 50000, Saint-Lô, France
| | | | - Gaël Belliot
- Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Centre for Gastroenteritis Viruses, University Hospital of Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
- UMR PAM A 02.102 Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté/AgroSup Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
| | - Alexis de Rougemont
- Laboratory of Virology, National Reference Centre for Gastroenteritis Viruses, University Hospital of Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
- UMR PAM A 02.102 Procédés Alimentaires et Microbiologiques, Université de Bourgogne Franche-Comté/AgroSup Dijon, 21000, Dijon, France
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16
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Kachuri L, Francis SS, Morrison M, Wendt GA, Bossé Y, Cavazos TB, Rashkin SR, Ziv E, Witte JS. The landscape of host genetic factors involved in immune response to common viral infections. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2020:2020.05.01.20088054. [PMID: 32511533 PMCID: PMC7273301 DOI: 10.1101/2020.05.01.20088054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Humans and viruses have co-evolved for millennia resulting in a complex host genetic architecture. Understanding the genetic mechanisms of immune response to viral infection provides insight into disease etiology and therapeutic opportunities. METHODS We conducted a comprehensive study including genome-wide and transcriptome-wide association analyses to identify genetic loci associated with immunoglobulin G antibody response to 28 antigens for 16 viruses using serological data from 7924 European ancestry participants in the UK Biobank cohort. RESULTS Signals in human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II region dominated the landscape of viral antibody response, with 40 independent loci and 14 independent classical alleles, 7 of which exhibited pleiotropic effects across viral families. We identified specific amino acid (AA) residues that are associated with seroreactivity, the strongest associations presented in a range of AA positions within DRβ1 at positions 11, 13, 71, and 74 for Epstein-Barr Virus (EBV), Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV), Human Herpes virus 7, (HHV7) and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV). Genome-wide association analyses discovered 7 novel genetic loci outside the HLA associated with viral antibody response (P<5.×10-8), including FUT2 (19q13.33) for human polyomavirus BK (BKV), STING1 (5q31.2) for MCV, as well as CXCR5 (11q23.3) and TBKBP1 (17q21.32) for HHV7. Transcriptome-wide association analyses identified 114 genes associated with response to viral infection, 12 outside of the HLA region, including ECSCR: P=5.0×10-15 (MCV), NTN5: P=1.1×10-9 (BKV), and P2RY13: P=1.1×10-8 EBV nuclear antigen. We also demonstrated pleiotropy between viral response genes and complex diseases; from autoimmune disorders to cancer to neurodegenerative and psychiatric conditions. CONCLUSIONS Our study confirms the importance of the HLA region in host response to viral infection and elucidates novel genetic determinants beyond the HLA that contribute to host-virus interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Kachuri
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Stephen S. Francis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Weill Institute for Neurosciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Maike Morrison
- Summer Research Training Program, Graduate Division, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Mathematics, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, USA
| | - George A. Wendt
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Yohan Bossé
- Institut universitaire de cardiologie et de pneumologie de Québec, Department of Molecular Medicine, Université Laval, Quebec City, Canada
| | - Taylor B. Cavazos
- Program in Biological and Medical Informatics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - Sara R. Rashkin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Center for Applied Bioinformatics, St. Jude Children’s Research Hospital, Memphis, USA
| | - Elad Ziv
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
| | - John S. Witte
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Helen Diller Family Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
- Department of Urology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, USA
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17
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Interaction between norovirus and Histo-Blood Group Antigens: A key to understanding virus transmission and inactivation through treatments? Food Microbiol 2020; 92:103594. [PMID: 32950136 DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2020.103594] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 06/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are a main cause of acute gastroenteritis worldwide. They are frequently involved in foodborne and waterborne outbreaks. Environmental transmission of the virus depends on two main factors: the ability of viral particles to remain infectious and their adhesion capacity onto different surfaces. Until recently, adhesion of viral particles to food matrices was mainly investigated by considering non-specific interactions (e.g. electrostatic, hydrophobic) and there was only limited information about infectious HuNoVs because of the absence of a reliable in vitro HuNoV cultivation system. Many HuNoV strains have now been described as having specific binding interactions with human Histo-Blood Group Antigens (HBGAs) and non-HBGA ligands found in food and the environment. Relevant approaches to the in vitro replication of HuNoVs were also proposed recently. On the basis of the available literature data, this review discusses the opportunities to use this new knowledge to obtain a better understanding of HuNoV transmission to human populations and better evaluate the hazard posed by HuNoVs in foodstuffs and the environment.
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18
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Koehler M, Delguste M, Sieben C, Gillet L, Alsteens D. Initial Step of Virus Entry: Virion Binding to Cell-Surface Glycans. Annu Rev Virol 2020; 7:143-165. [PMID: 32396772 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-virology-122019-070025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Virus infection is an intricate process that requires the concerted action of both viral and host cell components. Entry of viruses into cells is initiated by interactions between viral proteins and cell-surface receptors. Various cell-surface glycans function as initial, usually low-affinity attachment factors, providing a first anchor of the virus to the cell surface, and further facilitate high-affinity binding to virus-specific cell-surface receptors, while other glycans function as specific entry receptors themselves. It is now possible to rapidly identify specific glycan receptors using different techniques, define atomic-level structures of virus-glycan complexes, and study these interactions at the single-virion level. This review provides a detailed overview of the role of glycans in viral infection and highlights experimental approaches to study virus-glycan binding along with specific examples. In particular, we highlight the development of the atomic force microscope to investigate interactions with glycans at the single-virion level directly on living mammalian cells, which offers new perspectives to better understand virus-glycan interactions in physiologically relevant conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Koehler
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Martin Delguste
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Christian Sieben
- Institute of Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laurent Gillet
- Immunology-Vaccinology Laboratory, Department of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases, Fundamental and Applied Research for Animals and Health center (FARAH), University of Liège, 4000 Liège, Belgium
| | - David Alsteens
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; .,Walloon Excellence in Life sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO), 1300 Wavre, Belgium
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19
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Epidemiology and HBGA-susceptibility investigation of a G9P[8] rotavirus outbreak in a school in Lechang, China. Arch Virol 2020; 165:1311-1320. [PMID: 32253617 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-020-04608-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Rotaviruses cause severe gastroenteritis in infants, in which the viruses interact with human histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) as attachment and host susceptibility factors. While gastroenteritis outbreaks caused by rotaviruses are uncommon in adolescents, we reported here one that occurred in a middle school in China. Rectal swabs and saliva samples were collected from symptomatic and asymptomatic students, and samples were also collected from the environment. Using PCR, followed by DNA sequencing, a single G9P[8] rotavirus strain was identified as the causative agent. The attack rate of the outbreak was 13.5% for boarders, which was significantly higher than that of day students (1.8%). Person-to-person transmission was the most plausible transmission mode. The HBGA phenotypes of the individuals in the study were determined by enzyme immunoassay, using saliva samples, while recombinant VP8* protein of the causative rotavirus strain was produced for HBGA binding assays to evaluate the host susceptibility. Our data showed that secretor individuals had a significantly higher risk of infection than nonsecretors. Accordingly, the VP8* protein bound nearly all secretor saliva samples, but not those of nonsecretors, explaining the observed infection of secretor individuals only. This is the first single-outbreak-based investigation showing that P[8] rotavirus infected only secretors. Our investigation also suggests that health education of school students is an important countermeasure against an outbreak of communicable disease.
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Haga K, Ettayebi K, Tenge VR, Karandikar UC, Lewis MA, Lin SC, Neill FH, Ayyar BV, Zeng XL, Larson G, Ramani S, Atmar RL, Estes MK. Genetic Manipulation of Human Intestinal Enteroids Demonstrates the Necessity of a Functional Fucosyltransferase 2 Gene for Secretor-Dependent Human Norovirus Infection. mBio 2020; 11:e00251-20. [PMID: 32184242 PMCID: PMC7078471 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.00251-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Human noroviruses (HuNoVs) are the leading cause of nonbacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) expression is an important susceptibility factor for HuNoV infection based on controlled human infection models and epidemiologic studies that show an association of secretor status with infection caused by several genotypes. The fucosyltransferase 2 gene (FUT2) affects HBGA expression in intestinal epithelial cells; secretors express a functional FUT2 enzyme, while nonsecretors lack this enzyme and are highly resistant to infection and gastroenteritis caused by many HuNoV strains. These epidemiologic associations are confirmed by infections in stem cell-derived human intestinal enteroid (HIE) cultures. GII.4 HuNoV does not replicate in HIE cultures derived from nonsecretor individuals, while HIEs from secretors are permissive to infection. However, whether FUT2 expression alone is critical for infection remains unproven, since routinely used secretor-positive transformed cell lines are resistant to HuNoV replication. To evaluate the role of FUT2 in HuNoV replication, we used CRISPR or overexpression to genetically manipulate FUT2 gene function to produce isogenic HIE lines with or without FUT2 expression. We show that FUT2 expression alone affects both HuNoV binding to the HIE cell surface and susceptibility to HuNoV infection. These findings indicate that initial binding to a molecule(s) glycosylated by FUT2 is critical for HuNoV infection and that the HuNoV receptor is present in nonsecretor HIEs. In addition to HuNoV studies, these isogenic HIE lines will be useful tools to study other enteric microbes where infection and/or disease outcome is associated with secretor status.IMPORTANCE Several studies have demonstrated that secretor status is associated with susceptibility to human norovirus (HuNoV) infection; however, previous reports found that FUT2 expression is not sufficient to allow infection with HuNoV in a variety of continuous laboratory cell lines. Which cellular factor(s) regulates susceptibility to HuNoV infection remains unknown. We used genetic manipulation of HIE cultures to show that secretor status determined by FUT2 gene expression is necessary and sufficient to support HuNoV replication based on analyses of isogenic lines that lack or express FUT2. Fucosylation of HBGAs is critical for initial binding and for modification of another putative receptor(s) in HIEs needed for virus uptake or uncoating and necessary for successful infection by GI.1 and several GII HuNoV strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Haga
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Khalil Ettayebi
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Victoria R Tenge
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Umesh C Karandikar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Miranda A Lewis
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Shih-Ching Lin
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Frederick H Neill
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - B Vijayalakshmi Ayyar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Xi-Lei Zeng
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Göran Larson
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Sasirekha Ramani
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Robert L Atmar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Mary K Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
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Le Pendu J, Ruvoën-Clouet N. Fondness for sugars of enteric viruses confronts them with human glycans genetic diversity. Hum Genet 2019; 139:903-910. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02090-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Accepted: 11/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Ponterio E, Mariotti S, Tabolacci C, Ruggeri FM, Nisini R. Virus like particles of GII.4 norovirus bind Toll Like Receptors 2 and 5. Immunol Lett 2019; 215:40-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imlet.2019.05.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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The Coxsackievirus and Adenovirus Receptor, a Required Host Factor for Recovirus Infection, Is a Putative Enteric Calicivirus Receptor. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.00869-19. [PMID: 31484750 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00869-19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a leading cause of acute gastroenteritis in both developed and developing countries. Studies of HuNoV host cell interactions are limited by the lack of a simple, robust cell culture system. Due to their diverse HuNoV-like biological features, including histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) binding, rhesus enteric caliciviruses (ReCVs) are viable surrogate models for HuNoVs. In addition, several ReCV strains can be propagated to high titers in standard nonhuman primate cell lines while causing lytic infection and cell death. To identify the ReCV entry receptor, we performed CRISPR/Cas9 library screening in Vero cells, which identified the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) as a candidate ReCV entry receptor. We showed that short interfering RNA, anti-human CAR (hCAR) monoclonal antibody RmcB treatment, and recombinant hCAR ectodomain blocked ReCV replication in LLC-MK2 cells. CRISPR/Cas9-targeted knockout of CAR in LLC-MK2 and Vero cells made these cell lines resistant to ReCV infection, and susceptibility to infection could be restored by transient expression of CAR. CHO cells do not express CAR or HBGAs and are resistant to ReCV infection. Recombinant CHO cells stably expressing hCAR or the type B HBGA alone did not support ReCV infection. However, CHO cells expressing both hCAR and the type B HBGA were susceptible to ReCV infection. In summary, we have demonstrated that CAR is required for ReCV infection and most likely is a functional ReCV receptor, but HBGAs are also necessary for infection.IMPORTANCE Because of the lack of a simple and robust human norovirus (HuNoV) cell culture system surrogate, caliciviruses still represent valuable research tools for norovirus research. Due to their remarkable biological similarities to HuNoVs, including the utilization of HBGAs as putative attachment receptors, we used rhesus enteric caliciviruses (ReCVs) to study enteric calicivirus host cell interactions. Using CRISPR/Cas9 library screening and functional assays, we identified and validated the coxsackievirus and adenovirus receptor (CAR) as a functional proteinaceous receptor for ReCVs. Our work demonstrated that CAR and HBGAs both are necessary to convert a nonsusceptible cell line to being susceptible to ReCV infection. Follow-up studies to evaluate the involvement of CAR in HuNoV infections are ongoing.
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Estes MK, Ettayebi K, Tenge VR, Murakami K, Karandikar U, Lin SC, Ayyar BV, Cortes-Penfield NW, Haga K, Neill FH, Opekun AR, Broughman JR, Zeng XL, Blutt SE, Crawford SE, Ramani S, Graham DY, Atmar RL. Human Norovirus Cultivation in Nontransformed Stem Cell-Derived Human Intestinal Enteroid Cultures: Success and Challenges. Viruses 2019; 11:E638. [PMID: 31336765 PMCID: PMC6669637 DOI: 10.3390/v11070638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Revised: 07/01/2019] [Accepted: 07/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses, in the genus Norovirus, are a significant cause of viral gastroenteritis in humans and animals. For almost 50 years, the lack of a cultivation system for human noroviruses (HuNoVs) was a major barrier to understanding virus biology and the development of effective antiviral strategies. This review presents a historical perspective of the development of a cultivation system for HuNoVs in human intestinal epithelial cell cultures. Successful cultivation was based on the discovery of genetically-encoded host factors required for infection, knowledge of the site of infection in humans, and advances in the cultivation of human intestinal epithelial cells achieved by developmental and stem cell biologists. The human stem cell-derived enteroid cultivation system recapitulates the multicellular, physiologically active human intestinal epithelium, and allows studies of virus-specific replication requirements, evaluation of human host-pathogen interactions, and supports the pre-clinical assessment of methods to prevent and treat HuNoV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary K Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
| | - Khalil Ettayebi
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Victoria R Tenge
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Kosuke Murakami
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Virology II, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashi-murayama, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan
| | - Umesh Karandikar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shih-Ching Lin
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - B Vijayalakshmi Ayyar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | | | - Kei Haga
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Frederick H Neill
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Antone R Opekun
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - James R Broughman
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xi-Lei Zeng
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sarah E Blutt
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sue E Crawford
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Sasirekha Ramani
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - David Y Graham
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Robert L Atmar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Medicine, Infectious Diseases, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Amarasiri M, Sano D. Specific Interactions between Human Norovirus and Environmental Matrices: Effects on the Virus Ecology. Viruses 2019; 11:E224. [PMID: 30841581 PMCID: PMC6466409 DOI: 10.3390/v11030224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human norovirus is the major cause of non-bacterial epidemic gastroenteritis. Human norovirus binds to environmental solids via specific and non-specific interactions, and several specific receptors for human norovirus have been reported. Among them, histo-blood group antigens (HBGA) are the most studied specific receptor. Studies have identified the presence of HBGA-like substances in the extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) of human enteric bacteria present in aquatic environments, gastrointestinal cells, gills, and palps of shellfish, and cell walls, leaves, and veins of lettuce. These HBGA-like substances also interact with human norovirus in a genotype-dependent manner. Specific interactions between human norovirus and environmental matrices can affect norovirus removal, infectivity, inactivation, persistence, and circulation. This review summarizes the current knowledge and future directions related to the specific interactions between human norovirus and HBGA-like substances in environmental matrices and their possible effects on the fate and circulation of human norovirus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Amarasiri
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
- Department of Frontier Science for Advanced Environment, Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, Aoba 6-6-06, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan.
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Yildiz M, Kocak A. Molecular Dynamics Studies of Histo-Blood Group Antigen Blocking Human Immunoglobulin A Antibody and Escape Mechanism in Noroviruses Upon Mutation. J Comput Biol 2018; 26:962-974. [PMID: 30570348 DOI: 10.1089/cmb.2018.0163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Norovirus is the causing agent of acute gastroenteritis disease globally. Efforts in developing therapeutics against virus infection mostly fail due to emergence of drug resistance that is a consequence of presence of high mutation rates in virus genome during virus' life cycle. In this study, we computationally analyzed the affinity of a drug target, wild type VP1 envelope protein and its three variants to a therapeutic antibody FAB5I2. We have found that mutations break important hydrogen bonds and cause high fluctuations in residues that form VP1-FAB5I2 complex interface. In addition to changes in dynamics, we also revealed that the affinity of FAB5I2 to VP1 protein drops significantly upon mutations in terms of relative binding free energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muslum Yildiz
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
| | - Abdulkadir Kocak
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Turkey
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Azad MB, Wade KH, Timpson NJ. FUT2 secretor genotype and susceptibility to infections and chronic conditions in the ALSPAC cohort. Wellcome Open Res 2018; 3:65. [PMID: 30345375 PMCID: PMC6171556 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14636.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The FUT2 (fucosyltransferase-2) gene determines blood group secretor status. Being homozygous for the inactive "non-secretor" rs601338(A) allele confers resistance to certain infections (e.g. Norovirus, Rotavirus) and susceptibility to others (e.g. Haemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumonia). Non-secretors also have an increased risk of type 1 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. We examined FUT2 genotype, infections and chronic conditions in a population-based cohort. Methods: We studied 7,582 pregnant women from the ALSPAC pregnancy cohort. Infections (measles, mumps, chicken pox, whooping cough, meningitis, herpes, gonorrhea and urinary infections) and chronic conditions (kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes, rheumatism, arthritis, psoriasis, hay fever, asthma, eczema and allergies) were self-reported. FUT2 secretor status was determined from the rs601338 genotype. ABO blood type was obtained from clinical records. Results: Overall, 1920 women (25.3%) were homozygous for the non-secretor allele (AA). Secretor status was associated with mumps, with 68% of non-secretors experiencing this infection, compared to 48% of secretors (RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.34-1.46). A weaker association was observed for measles infection (76% vs. 72%; RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.09). Non-secretors also experienced an increased risk of kidney disease (5.4% vs. 3.9%; RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.11-1.75). Independent of secretor status, AB blood type was a risk factor for mumps (RR 1.15; 95%CI, 1.03, 1.28 compared to type O). We found no evidence of interaction between secretor status and blood type. For some conditions, including asthma and arthritis, FUT2 heterozygosity (GA) appeared to confer an intermediate phenotype. There was no strong evidence of association between secretor status and other infections or chronic conditions, although statistical power was limited for rare outcomes. Conclusion: Our results identify an association between FUT2 secretor status and self-reported kidney disease, and confirm a recently reported association with susceptibility to mumps infection. The clinical implications of these associations warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan B. Azad
- Manitoba Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Kaitlin H. Wade
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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Chen C, Yan JB, Wang HL, Li P, Li KF, Wu B, Zhang H. Molecular epidemiology and spatiotemporal dynamics of norovirus associated with sporadic acute gastroenteritis during 2013-2017, Zhoushan Islands, China. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200911. [PMID: 30021022 PMCID: PMC6051660 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 1 590 fecal swabs and stool samples from sporadic acute gastroenteritis patients of all ages were collected from January 2013 to March 2018 in the Zhoushan Islands, China, with 99 (6.23%) samples subsequently identified as human norovirus (HuNoV) positive. Phylogenetic analysis of partial RdRp and VP1 gene regions identified 10 genotypes of the GII genogroup and 3 genotypes of the GI genogroup. The predominant genotype was GII.P17-GII.17 (42.86%, 33/77), followed by GII.Pe-GII.4_Sydney 2012 (24.68%, 19/77) and GII.P16-GII.2 (12.96%, 10/77). However, the prevailing genotype in the Zhoushan Islands has shifted on three separate occasions. The GII.Pe-GII.4_Sydney_2012 strain was dominant in 2013-2014, the GII.P17-17 strain was dominant in 2015-2016, and the GII.P16-GII.2 strain was dominant in 2017. Divergence analysis showed that the re-emerging GII.P16-GII.2 strains clustered with the Japanese 2010-2012 GII.P16-GII.2 strains, and the time of the most recent common ancestor was estimated to have occurred in 2012 to 2013. The evolutionary rates of the RdRp gene region of the GII.P16 genotype and the VP1 gene region of the GII.2 genotype were 2.64 × 10(-3) (95% HPD interval, 2.17-3.08 × 10(-3)) and 3.36 × 10(-3) (95% HPD interval, 2.66-4.04 × 10(-3)) substitutions/site/year, respectively. The migration pattern of the HuNoV GII.2 genotype in China demonstrated that the re-emerging GII.P16-GII.2 strains were first introduced into Hong Kong from Japan, and then spread from Hong Kong to other coastal areas. Our results also showed that the GII.P16-GII.2 strains in the Zhoushan Islands were likely introduced from Jiangsu Province, China, in 2016.
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Affiliation(s)
- Can Chen
- Department of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jian-Bo Yan
- Department of Public Health, Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi Province, China
- Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hong-Ling Wang
- Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Peng Li
- Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Ke-Feng Li
- Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Bing Wu
- Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Health Risk Factors for Seafood, Zhoushan Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Zhoushan, Zhejiang Province, China
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Azad MB, Wade KH, Timpson NJ. FUT2 secretor genotype and susceptibility to infections and chronic conditions in the ALSPAC cohort. Wellcome Open Res 2018; 3:65. [PMID: 30345375 PMCID: PMC6171556 DOI: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.14636.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 04/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Background: The FUT2 (fucosyltransferase 2) gene encodes alpha (1,2) fucosyltransferase, which determines blood group secretor status. Being homozygous for the inactive "non-secretor" rs601338(A) allele appears to confer resistance to certain infections (e.g. Norovirus, Rotavirus and Helicobacter pylori) and susceptibility to others (e.g. Haemophilus influenza and Streptococcus pneumonia). Non-secretors also have an increased risk of type 1 diabetes and inflammatory bowel disease. We aimed to determine the association of the FUT2 secretor genotype with infections and chronic conditions in the population-based Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC). Methods: This study included 7,582 pregnant women from the ALSPAC pregnancy cohort. Personal history of infections (measles, mumps, chicken pox, whooping cough, cold sores, meningitis, genital herpes, gonorrhea and urinary infections) and chronic conditions (kidney disease, hypertension, diabetes, rheumatism, arthritis, psoriasis, hay fever, asthma, eczema and various allergies) were self-reported by standardized questionnaire. FUT2 secretor status was determined from the rs601338 genotype. Results: Overall, 1920 women (25.3%) were homozygous for the FUT2 non-secretor allele (AA). Secretor status was associated with mumps, with 68% of non-secretors experiencing this infection, compared to 48% of secretors (RR, 1.40; 95% CI, 1.34-1.46; p<0.0001). A weaker association was observed for measles infection (76% vs. 72%; RR, 1.05; 95% CI, 1.02-1.09; p=0.0008). Non-secretors also experienced a 39% increased risk of kidney disease (5.4% vs. 3.9%; RR, 1.39; 95% CI, 1.11-1.75; p=0.004). For some conditions, including gonorrhea and arthritis, FUT2 heterozygosity (GA) appeared to confer an intermediate phenotype. There was no strong evidence of association between FUT2 secretor status and other infections or chronic conditions, although statistical power was limited for rare outcomes. Conclusion: Our results identify an association between FUT2 secretor status and kidney disease, and confirm a recently reported association with susceptibility to mumps infection. The clinical implications of these associations warrant further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan B. Azad
- Manitoba Developmental Origins of Chronic Diseases in Children Network (DEVOTION), Children’s Hospital Research Institute of Manitoba, Department of Pediatrics and Child Health, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, R3E 3P4, Canada
| | - Kaitlin H. Wade
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
| | - Nicholas J. Timpson
- Medical Research Council Integrative Epidemiology Unit, Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children, Population Health Science, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS8 2BN, UK
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Esteves PJ, Abrantes J, Baldauf HM, BenMohamed L, Chen Y, Christensen N, González-Gallego J, Giacani L, Hu J, Kaplan G, Keppler OT, Knight KL, Kong XP, Lanning DK, Le Pendu J, de Matos AL, Liu J, Liu S, Lopes AM, Lu S, Lukehart S, Manabe YC, Neves F, McFadden G, Pan R, Peng X, de Sousa-Pereira P, Pinheiro A, Rahman M, Ruvoën-Clouet N, Subbian S, Tuñón MJ, van der Loo W, Vaine M, Via LE, Wang S, Mage R. The wide utility of rabbits as models of human diseases. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:1-10. [PMID: 29789565 PMCID: PMC5964082 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-018-0094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 02/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Studies using the European rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus contributed to elucidating numerous fundamental aspects of antibody structure and diversification mechanisms and continue to be valuable for the development and testing of therapeutic humanized polyclonal and monoclonal antibodies. Additionally, during the last two decades, the use of the European rabbit as an animal model has been increasingly extended to many human diseases. This review documents the continuing wide utility of the rabbit as a reliable disease model for development of therapeutics and vaccines and studies of the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying many human diseases. Examples include syphilis, tuberculosis, HIV-AIDS, acute hepatic failure and diseases caused by noroviruses, ocular herpes, and papillomaviruses. The use of rabbits for vaccine development studies, which began with Louis Pasteur’s rabies vaccine in 1881, continues today with targets that include the potentially blinding HSV-1 virus infection and HIV-AIDS. Additionally, two highly fatal viral diseases, rabbit hemorrhagic disease and myxomatosis, affect the European rabbit and provide unique models to understand co-evolution between a vertebrate host and viral pathogens. Rabbits offer a powerful complement to rodents as a model for studying human immunology, disease pathology, and responses to infectious disease. A review from Pedro Esteves at the University of Porto, Portugal, Rose Mage of the National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, Bethesda, USA and colleagues highlights some of the areas of research where rabbits offer an edge over rats and mice. Rabbits have a particularly sophisticated adaptive immune system, which could provide useful insights into human biology and produce valuable research and clinical reagents. They are also excellent models for studying - infectious diseases such as syphilis and tuberculosis, which produce pathology that closely resembles that of human patients. Rabbit-specific infections such as myxomatosis are giving researchers insights into how pathogens and hosts can shape each other’s evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro J Esteves
- CIBIO, InBIO, Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal. .,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal. .,Instituto de Investigação e Formação Avançada em Ciências e Tecnologias da Saúde (CESPU), Gandra, Portugal.
| | - Joana Abrantes
- CIBIO, InBIO, Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Hanna-Mari Baldauf
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Lbachir BenMohamed
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, University of California, Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, University of California, Irvine School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA.,Institute for Immunology, University of California, Irvine School of Irvine, School of Medicine, Irvine, CA, 92697, USA
| | - Yuxing Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Neil Christensen
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Comparative Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Lorenzo Giacani
- Departments of Medicine and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Jiafen Hu
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Comparative Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Gilla Kaplan
- Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Oliver T Keppler
- Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Katherine L Knight
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Xiang-Peng Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016, USA
| | - Dennis K Lanning
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Jacques Le Pendu
- CRCINA, Inserm, Université d'Angers, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
| | - Ana Lemos de Matos
- The Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5401, USA
| | - Jia Liu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences (UAMS), Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Shuying Liu
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Ana M Lopes
- CIBIO, InBIO, Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,Department of Anatomy and Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine (UMIB), Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Shan Lu
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Sheila Lukehart
- Departments of Medicine and Global Health, University of Washington, Seattle, USA
| | - Yukari C Manabe
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Fabiana Neves
- CIBIO, InBIO, Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Grant McFadden
- The Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5401, USA
| | - Ruimin Pan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, New York University School of Medicine, New York, NY10016, USA
| | - Xuwen Peng
- Departments of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, and Comparative Medicine, Penn State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Patricia de Sousa-Pereira
- CIBIO, InBIO, Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007, Porto, Portugal.,Max von Pettenkofer Institute and Gene Center, Virology, National Reference Center for Retroviruses, Faculty of Medicine, LMU München, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Ana Pinheiro
- CIBIO, InBIO, Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Maywood, IL, 60153, USA
| | - Masmudur Rahman
- The Biodesign Institute, Center for Immunotherapy, Vaccines, and Virotherapy, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287-5401, USA
| | | | - Selvakumar Subbian
- The Public Health Research Institute (PHRI) at New Jersey Medical School, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences (RBHS), Rutgers University, Newark, NJ, USA
| | - Maria Jesús Tuñón
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED) and Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), University of León, 24071, León, Spain
| | - Wessel van der Loo
- CIBIO, InBIO, Research Network in Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Universidade do Porto, Campus de Vairão, Rua Padre Armando Quintas, 4485-661, Vairão, Portugal
| | - Michael Vaine
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Laura E Via
- Tubercolosis Research Section, Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Diseases, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.,Institute of Infectious Disease and Molecular Medicine, Department of Clinical Laboratory Sciences, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shixia Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, 01605, USA
| | - Rose Mage
- Laboratory of Immune System Biology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Host-Specific Glycans Are Correlated with Susceptibility to Infection by Lagoviruses, but Not with Their Virulence. J Virol 2018; 92:JVI.01759-17. [PMID: 29187537 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01759-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus (RHDV) and European brown hare syndrome virus (EBHSV) are two lagoviruses from the family Caliciviridae that cause fatal diseases in two leporid genera, Oryctolagus and Lepus, respectively. In the last few years, several examples of host jumps of lagoviruses among leporids were recorded. In addition, a new pathogenic genotype of RHDV emerged, and many nonpathogenic strains of lagoviruses have been described. The molecular mechanisms behind host shifts and the emergence of virulence are unknown. Since RHDV uses glycans of the histo-blood group antigen type as attachment factors to initiate infection, we studied if glycan specificities of the new pathogenic RHDV genotype, nonpathogenic lagoviruses, and EBHSV potentially play a role in determining the host range and virulence of lagoviruses. We observed binding to A, B, or H antigens of the histo-blood group family for all strains known to primarily infect European rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus), which have recently been classified as GI strains. However, we could not explain the emergence of virulence, since similar glycan specificities were found in several pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains. In contrast, EBHSV, recently classified as GII.1, bound to terminal β-linked N-acetylglucosamine residues of O-glycans. Expression of these attachment factors in the upper respiratory and digestive tracts in three lagomorph species (Oryctolagus cuniculus, Lepus europaeus, and Sylvilagus floridanus) showed species-specific patterns regarding susceptibility to infection by these viruses, indicating that species-specific glycan expression is likely a major contributor to lagovirus host specificity and range.IMPORTANCE Lagoviruses constitute a genus of the family Caliciviridae comprising highly pathogenic viruses, RHDV and EBHSV, that infect rabbits and hares, respectively. Recently, nonpathogenic strains were discovered and new pathogenic strains have emerged. In addition, host jumps between lagomorphs have been observed. The mechanisms responsible for the emergence of pathogenicity and host species range are unknown. Previous studies showed that RHDV strains attach to glycans expressed in the upper respiratory and digestive tracts of rabbits, the likely portals of virus entry. Here, we studied the glycan-binding properties of novel pathogenic and nonpathogenic strains looking for a link between glycan binding and virulence or between glycan specificity and host range. We found that glycan binding did not correlate with virulence. However, expression of glycan motifs in the upper respiratory and digestive tracts of lagomorphs revealed species-specific patterns associated with the host ranges of the virus strains, suggesting that glycan diversity contributes to lagovirus host ranges.
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Li X, Huang R, Chen H. Evaluation of Assays to Quantify Infectious Human Norovirus for Heat and High-Pressure Inactivation Studies Using Tulane Virus. FOOD AND ENVIRONMENTAL VIROLOGY 2017; 9:314-325. [PMID: 28238030 DOI: 10.1007/s12560-017-9288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We compared the heat and high hydrostatic pressure (HHP) inactivation results of Tulane virus (TV), a human norovirus (HuNoV) surrogate, obtained by plaque assay, direct quantitative reverse transcription PCR (RT-qPCR), porcine gastric mucin magnetic beads (PGM-MBs) binding assay followed by RT-qPCR (PGM/PCR), and propidium monoazide (PMA) assay followed by RT-qPCR (PMA/PCR). Heat and HHP inactivation of a HuNoV genotype I.1 (GI.1) strain and a genotype II.4 (GII.4) strain was also evaluated using those molecular assays. Viruses were heat treated at 50-90 °C for 2 min and HHP treated at 100-550 MPa at initial temperatures of 4 or 21 °C for 2 min. For heat treatment, the three molecular methods significantly underestimated the inactivation of TV. It could be logically concluded that the PGM/PCR assay was better than the PMA/PCR and direct RT-qPCR assays in estimating the inactivation of HuNoV GI.1. The three molecular methods were comparable in estimating the heat inactivation of GII.4. For HHP treatment, both PGM/PCR and PMA/PCR assays were able to estimate inactivation of TV at ≤~2-log reduction levels, but significantly underestimated its inactivation at >~2-log reduction levels. The direct RT-qPCR assay was the worst method for estimating HHP inactivation of TV. It could be logically concluded that the PGM/PCR and PMA/PCR assays were comparable in estimating the HHP inactivation of GI.1 and both were significantly better than the direct RT-qPCR assay. Among the three molecular methods, the PGM/PCR assay was the best in estimating the HHP inactivation of GII.4. These results demonstrated that the PGM/PCR assay was probably the method of choice in estimating the inactivation of HuNoV GI.1 and GII.4 for heat and HHP treatments, but this method would likely result in underestimation of HuNoV inactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinhui Li
- Department of Microbiology, University of Wisconsin-La Crosse, La Crosse, WI, 54601, USA
| | - Runze Huang
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716-2150, USA
| | - Haiqiang Chen
- Department of Animal & Food Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, 19716-2150, USA.
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Yang TA, Hou JY, Huang YC, Chen CJ. Genetic Susceptibility to Rotavirus Gastroenteritis and Vaccine Effectiveness in Taiwanese Children. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6412. [PMID: 28743921 PMCID: PMC5526899 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06686-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Accepted: 06/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic susceptibility to and vaccine effectiveness against rotavirus gastroenteritis were different in distinct ethnic groups. The case-control study was aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of rotavirus vaccines and associations between the histo-blood group antigens and susceptibility to rotavirus infections in a Taiwanese population. Cases were children <18 years old who were hospitalized because of laboratory-confirmed rotavirus infection. Controls were healthy children matched to cases by age and gender. The secretor status and Lewis antigen and ABO types were determined by molecular methods. A total of 68 cases and 133 controls were included. Rotavirus immunization was recorded in 8 (12%) cases and 77 (58%) controls, indicating a vaccine effectiveness of 90.3% (95% confidence interval [CI], 78.1% - 95.7%). The secretor and Lewis-positive genotypes were independently associated with increased risk of rotavirus infections (matched odds ratio [mOR] 28.5, 95% CI 2.94-277, P = 0.003 and mOR 16.8, 95% CI 1.08-2601, P = 0.04, respectively). The distribution of ABO blood types did not differ significantly between cases and controls (P = 0.47). In conclusion, Taiwanese children with the secretor genotype and Lewis-positive genotype were at increased risk of moderate-to-severe rotavirus infections. The illness can be effectively prevented by immunization in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-An Yang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Ju-Yin Hou
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Yhu-Chering Huang
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Jung Chen
- College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
- Division of Paediatric Infectious Diseases, Department of Paediatrics, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 333, Taoyuan, Taiwan.
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34
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Zhuang ZL, Jin Y, Yan KL, Cheng WX. Study of the association between histo-blood group antigens and norovirus infection in Chinese children. Arch Virol 2017; 162:3511-3515. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-017-3494-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND A comprehensive evaluation of associations between the susceptibility to norovirus infections and histo-blood group antigens is not available in the Taiwanese population, in which the nonsecretor phenotype is absent. METHODS A 1:1 matched case-control study was conducted in northern Taiwan from February 2013 to December 2014 when an epidemic of norovirus infection occurred. Cases were children <18 years old who were hospitalized because of diarrhea and were found to have laboratory-confirmed norovirus infections. Controls were healthy children matched to the cases by age and gender. The norovirus genotype was determined by polymerase chain reaction sequencing of the VP1 gene. The secretor status, Lewis antigen and ABO type were determined by characterization of genetic polymorphisms in the FUT2, FUT3 and ABO genes, respectively. RESULTS A total of 147 case-control pairs were included. GII.4 Sydney strain was the major genotype and identified in 78.3% of the cases. The weak-secretor and Lewis-positive genotypes were less commonly identified in cases than in controls (5.4% vs. 23.1% and 79.6% vs. 89.8%, respectively). Multivariate analysis revealed that the secretor and Lewis-negative genotypes were both independent factors associated with increased risk of norovirus infections [matched odds ratio: 6.766, 95% confidence interval (CI): 2.649-17.285, P < 0.0001 and matched odds ratio: 3.071, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.322-7.084, P = 0.0085, respectively]. The ABO types were not significantly related to norovirus infections (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION The weak-secretor genotype and the Lewis antigen-positive genotype were both protective factors against severe norovirus gastroenteritis during the GII.4 Sydney strain epidemic in Taiwan.
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36
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Hahm HS, Broecker F, Kawasaki F, Mietzsch M, Heilbronn R, Fukuda M, Seeberger PH. Automated Glycan Assembly of Oligo-N-Acetyllactosamine and Keratan Sulfate Probes to Study Virus-Glycan Interactions. Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2016.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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37
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de Graaf M, Beck R, Caccio SM, Duim B, Fraaij PLA, Le Guyader FS, Lecuit M, Le Pendu J, de Wit E, Schultsz C. Sustained fecal-oral human-to-human transmission following a zoonotic event. Curr Opin Virol 2016; 22:1-6. [PMID: 27888698 PMCID: PMC7102779 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Bacterial, viral and parasitic zoonotic pathogens that transmit via the fecal-oral route have a major impact on global health. However, the mechanisms underlying the emergence of such pathogens from the animal reservoir and their persistence in the human population are poorly understood. Here, we present a framework of human-to-human transmission of zoonotic pathogens that considers the factors relevant for fecal-oral human-to-human transmission route at the levels of host, pathogen, and environment. We discuss current data gaps and propose future research directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miranda de Graaf
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Relja Beck
- Department for Bacteriology and Parasitology, Croatian Veterinary Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Simone M Caccio
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Birgitta Duim
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; WHO Collaborating Center for Campylobacter/OIE Reference Laboratory for Campylobacteriosis, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter LA Fraaij
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center-Sophia, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Marc Lecuit
- Institut Pasteur, Inserm U1117, Biology of Infection Unit, Paris, France; Paris Descartes University, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Necker-Pasteur Centre for Infectiology, Necker-Enfants Malades University Hospital, Institut Imagine, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris, Paris, France
| | | | - Emmie de Wit
- Laboratory of Virology, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Hamilton, MT, United States
| | - Constance Schultsz
- Department of Global Health and Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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Bustamante M, Standl M, Bassat Q, Vilor-Tejedor N, Medina-Gomez C, Bonilla C, Ahluwalia TS, Bacelis J, Bradfield JP, Tiesler CMT, Rivadeneira F, Ring S, Vissing NH, Fink NR, Jugessur A, Mentch FD, Ballester F, Kriebel J, Kiefte-de Jong JC, Wolsk HM, Llop S, Thiering E, Beth SA, Timpson NJ, Andersen J, Schulz H, Jaddoe VWV, Evans DM, Waage J, Hakonarson H, Grant SFA, Jacobsson B, Bønnelykke K, Bisgaard H, Davey Smith G, Moll HA, Heinrich J, Estivill X, Sunyer J. A genome-wide association meta-analysis of diarrhoeal disease in young children identifies FUT2 locus and provides plausible biological pathways. Hum Mol Genet 2016; 25:4127-4142. [PMID: 27559109 PMCID: PMC5291237 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddw264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Revised: 07/21/2016] [Accepted: 07/28/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
More than a million childhood diarrhoeal episodes occur worldwide each year, and in developed countries a considerable part of them are caused by viral infections. In this study, we aimed to search for genetic variants associated with diarrhoeal disease in young children by meta-analyzing genome-wide association studies, and to elucidate plausible biological mechanisms. The study was conducted in the context of the Early Genetics and Lifecourse Epidemiology (EAGLE) consortium. Data about diarrhoeal disease in two time windows (around 1 year of age and around 2 years of age) was obtained via parental questionnaires, doctor interviews or medical records. Standard quality control and statistical tests were applied to the 1000 Genomes imputed genotypic data. The meta-analysis (N = 5758) followed by replication (N = 3784) identified a genome-wide significant association between rs8111874 and diarrhoea at age 1 year. Conditional analysis suggested that the causal variant could be rs601338 (W154X) in the FUT2 gene. Children with the A allele, which results in a truncated FUT2 protein, had lower risk of diarrhoea. FUT2 participates in the production of histo-blood group antigens and has previously been implicated in the susceptibility to infections, including Rotavirus and Norovirus Gene-set enrichment analysis suggested pathways related to the histo-blood group antigen production, and the regulation of ion transport and blood pressure. Among others, the gastrointestinal tract, and the immune and neuro-secretory systems were detected as relevant organs. In summary, this genome-wide association meta-analysis suggests the implication of the FUT2 gene in diarrhoeal disease in young children from the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariona Bustamante
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marie Standl
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Quique Bassat
- ISGlobal, Barcelona Ctr. Int. Health Res. (CRESIB), Hospital Clínic, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigação em Saúde de Manhiça (CISM), Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Natalia Vilor-Tejedor
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Medina-Gomez
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carolina Bonilla
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Tarunveer S Ahluwalia
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Jonas Bacelis
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jonathan P Bradfield
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Carla M T Tiesler
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Fernando Rivadeneira
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susan Ring
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nadja H Vissing
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nadia R Fink
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Astanand Jugessur
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalisation, Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Frank D Mentch
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Ferran Ballester
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Jennifer Kriebel
- Research Unit of Molecular Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jessica C Kiefte-de Jong
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Leiden University College, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Helene M Wolsk
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Sabrina Llop
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- Epidemiology and Environmental Health Joint Research Unit, FISABIO-Universitat Jaume I-Universitat de València, València, Spain
| | - Elisabeth Thiering
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Ludwig-Maximilians-University of Munich, Dr. von Hauner Children's Hospital, Division of Metabolic Diseases and Nutritional Medicine, Munich, Germany
| | - Systke A Beth
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicholas J Timpson
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Josefine Andersen
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Holger Schulz
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Vincent W V Jaddoe
- The Generation R Study Group, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - David M Evans
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Translational Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Johannes Waage
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Struan F A Grant
- Center for Applied Genomics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Human Genetics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Division of Endocrinology, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Area of Health Data and Digitalisation, Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
| | - Klaus Bønnelykke
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hans Bisgaard
- COPSAC, Copenhagen Prospective Studies on Asthma in Childhood, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - George Davey Smith
- MRC/University of Bristol Integrative Epidemiology Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Henriette A Moll
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim Heinrich
- Institute of Epidemiology I, Helmholtz Zentrum München - German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute and Outpatient Clinic for Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Inner City Clinic, University Hospital of Munich (LMU), Munich, Germany
| | - Xavier Estivill
- Centre for Genomic Regulation (CRG), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
- Experimental Genetics, Sidra Medical and Research Centre, Doha, Qatar
| | - Jordi Sunyer
- ISGlobal, Center for Research in Environmental Epidemiology (CREAL), Barcelona, Spain
- Pompeu Fabra University (UPF), Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP), Barcelona, Spain
- IMIM (Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute), Barcelona, Spain
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Bok K, Prevots DR, Binder AM, Parra GI, Strollo S, Fahle GA, Behrle-Yardley A, Johnson JA, Levenson EA, Sosnovtsev SV, Holland SM, Palmore TN, Green KY. Epidemiology of Norovirus Infection Among Immunocompromised Patients at a Tertiary Care Research Hospital, 2010-2013. Open Forum Infect Dis 2016; 3:ofw169. [PMID: 27800529 PMCID: PMC5084716 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofw169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Noroviruses are a major cause of infectious gastroenteritis worldwide, and viruses can establish persistent infection in immunocompromised individuals. Risk factors and transmission in this population are not fully understood. Methods. From 2010 through 2013, we conducted a retrospective review among immunocompromised patients (n = 268) enrolled in research studies at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center and identified a subset of norovirus-positive patients (n = 18) who provided stool specimens for norovirus genotyping analysis. Results. Norovirus genome was identified by reverse-transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction in stools of 35 (13%) of the 268 immunocompromised patients tested, and infection prevalence was 21% (11 of 53) in persons with primary immune deficiencies and 12% (20 of 166) among persons with solid tumors or hematologic malignancies. Among 18 patients with norovirus genotyping information, norovirus GII.4 was the most prevalent genotype (14 of 18, 78%). Persistent norovirus infection (≥6 months) was documented in 8 of 18 (44%) individuals. Phylogenetic analysis of the GII.4 capsid protein sequences identified at least 5 now-displaced GII.4 variant lineages, with no evidence of their nosocomial transmission in the Clinical Center. Conclusions. Norovirus was a leading enteric pathogen identified in this immunocompromised population. Both acute and chronic norovirus infections were observed, and these were likely community-acquired. Continued investigation will further define the role of noroviruses in these patients and inform efforts toward prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin Bok
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
| | | | | | - Gabriel I Parra
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
| | - Sara Strollo
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Disease, NIAID
| | - Gary A Fahle
- Microbiology Service, Clinical Center , National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Allison Behrle-Yardley
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
| | - Jordan A Johnson
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
| | - Eric A Levenson
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
| | - Stanislav V Sosnovtsev
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
| | | | - Tara N Palmore
- Laboratory of Clinical Infectious Disease, NIAID; Hospital Epidemiology Service, National Institutes of Health Clinical Center
| | - Kim Y Green
- Laboratory of Infectious Diseases, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID)
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40
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Ettayebi K, Crawford SE, Murakami K, Broughman JR, Karandikar U, Tenge VR, Neill FH, Blutt SE, Zeng XL, Qu L, Kou B, Opekun AR, Burrin D, Graham DY, Ramani S, Atmar RL, Estes MK. Replication of human noroviruses in stem cell-derived human enteroids. Science 2016; 353:1387-1393. [PMID: 27562956 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf5211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 930] [Impact Index Per Article: 116.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The major barrier to research and development of effective interventions for human noroviruses (HuNoVs) has been the lack of a robust and reproducible in vitro cultivation system. HuNoVs are the leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. We report the successful cultivation of multiple HuNoV strains in enterocytes in stem cell-derived, nontransformed human intestinal enteroid monolayer cultures. Bile, a critical factor of the intestinal milieu, is required for strain-dependent HuNoV replication. Lack of appropriate histoblood group antigen expression in intestinal cells restricts virus replication, and infectivity is abrogated by inactivation (e.g., irradiation, heating) and serum neutralization. This culture system recapitulates the human intestinal epithelium, permits human host-pathogen studies of previously noncultivatable pathogens, and allows the assessment of methods to prevent and treat HuNoV infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khalil Ettayebi
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sue E Crawford
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Kosuke Murakami
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - James R Broughman
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Umesh Karandikar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Victoria R Tenge
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Frederick H Neill
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sarah E Blutt
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Xi-Lei Zeng
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Lin Qu
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Baijun Kou
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Antone R Opekun
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Douglas Burrin
- Section of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - David Y Graham
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Department of Medicine, Michael E. DeBakey VA Medical Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Sasirekha Ramani
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Robert L Atmar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Mary K Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA. Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.
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41
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Dotz V, Wuhrer M. Histo-blood group glycans in the context of personalized medicine. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1860:1596-607. [PMID: 26748235 PMCID: PMC7117023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2015] [Revised: 12/29/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subset of histo-blood group antigens including ABO and Lewis are oligosaccharide structures which may be conjugated to lipids or proteins. They are known to be important recognition motifs not only in the context of blood transfusions, but also in infection and cancer development. SCOPE OF REVIEW Current knowledge on the molecular background and the implication of histo-blood group glycans in the prevention and therapy of infectious and non-communicable diseases, such as cancer and cardiovascular disease, is presented. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Glycan-based histo-blood groups are associated with intestinal microbiota composition, the risk of various diseases as well as therapeutic success of, e.g., vaccination. Their potential as prebiotic or anti-microbial agents, as disease biomarkers and vaccine targets should be further investigated in future studies. For this, recent and future technological advancements will be of particular importance, especially with regard to the unambiguous structural characterization of the glycan portion in combination with information on the protein and lipid carriers of histo-blood group-active glycans in large cohorts. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE Histo-blood group glycans have a unique linking position in the complex network of genes, oncodevelopmental biological processes, and disease mechanisms. Thus, they are highly promising targets for novel approaches in the field of personalized medicine. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Glycans in personalised medicine" Guest Editor: Professor Gordan Lauc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Viktoria Dotz
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Manfred Wuhrer
- Division of Bioanalytical Chemistry, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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42
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Sapparapu G, Czakó R, Alvarado G, Shanker S, Prasad BVV, Atmar RL, Estes MK, Crowe JE. Frequent Use of the IgA Isotype in Human B Cells Encoding Potent Norovirus-Specific Monoclonal Antibodies That Block HBGA Binding. PLoS Pathog 2016; 12:e1005719. [PMID: 27355511 PMCID: PMC4927092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1005719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Noroviruses (NoV) are the most common cause of non-bacterial acute gastroenteritis and cause local outbreaks of illness, especially in confined situations. Despite being identified four decades ago, the correlates of protection against norovirus gastroenteritis are still being elucidated. Recent studies have shown an association of protection with NoV-specific serum histo-blood group antigen-blocking antibody and with serum IgA in patients vaccinated with NoV VLPs. Here, we describe the isolation and characterization of human monoclonal IgG and IgA antibodies against a GI.I NoV, Norwalk virus (NV). A higher proportion of the IgA antibodies blocked NV VLP binding to glycans than did IgG antibodies. We generated isotype-switched variants of IgG and IgA antibodies to study the effects of the constant domain on blocking and binding activities. The IgA form of antibodies appears to be more potent than the IgG form in blocking norovirus binding to histo-blood group antigens. These studies suggest a unique role for IgA antibodies in protection from NoV infections by blocking attachment to cell receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gopal Sapparapu
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Rita Czakó
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Gabriela Alvarado
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
| | - Sreejesh Shanker
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - B. V. Venkataram Prasad
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Robert L. Atmar
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mary K. Estes
- Department of Molecular Virology and Microbiology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - James E. Crowe
- Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Vanderbilt Vaccine Center, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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43
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Amarasiri M, Hashiba S, Miura T, Nakagomi T, Nakagomi O, Ishii S, Okabe S, Sano D. Bacterial histo-blood group antigens contributing to genotype-dependent removal of human noroviruses with a microfiltration membrane. WATER RESEARCH 2016; 95:383-391. [PMID: 27095709 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2015] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrated the genotype-dependent removal of human norovirus particles with a microfiltration (MF) membrane in the presence of bacteria bearing histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs). Three genotypes (GII.3, GII.4, and GII.6) of norovirus-like particles (NoVLPs) were mixed with three bacterial strains (Enterobacter sp. SENG-6, Escherichia coli O86:K61:B7, and Staphylococcus epidermidis), respectively, and the mixture was filtered with an MF membrane having a nominal pore size of 0.45 μm. All NoVLP genotypes were rejected by the MF membrane in the presence of Enterobacter sp. SENG-6, which excreted HBGAs as extracellular polymeric substances (EPS). This MF membrane removal of NoVLPs was not significant when EPS was removed from cells of Enterobacter sp. SENG-6. GII.6 NoVLP was not rejected with the MF membrane in the presence of E. coli O86:K61:B7, but the removal of EPS of E. coli O86:K61:B7 increased the removal efficiency due to the interaction of NoVLPs with the exposed B-antigen in lipopolysaccharide (LPS) of E. coli O86:K61:B7. No MF membrane removal of all three genotypes was observed when S. epidermidis, an HBGA-negative strain, was mixed with NoVLPs. These results demonstrate that the location of HBGAs on bacterial cells is an important factor in determining the genotype-dependent removal efficiency of norovirus particles with the MF membrane. The presence of HBGAs in mixed liquor suspended solids from a membrane bioreactor (MBR) pilot plant was confirmed by immune-transmission electron microscopy, which implies that bacterial HBGAs can contribute to the genotype-dependent removal of human noroviruses with MBR using MF membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohan Amarasiri
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Satoshi Hashiba
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miura
- New Industry Creation Hatchery Center (NICHe), Tohoku University, 6-6-04 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - Toyoko Nakagomi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Osamu Nakagomi
- Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-12-4 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8523, Japan
| | - Satoshi Ishii
- Department of Soil, Water, and Climate, University of Minnesota, 258 Borlaug Hall, 1991 Upper Buford Circle, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Satoshi Okabe
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Division of Environmental Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, North 13, West 8, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-8628, Japan.
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44
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Karst SM, Tibbetts SA. Recent advances in understanding norovirus pathogenesis. J Med Virol 2016; 88:1837-43. [PMID: 27110852 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/21/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Noroviruses constitute a family of ubiquitous and highly efficient human pathogens. In spite of decades of dedicated research, human noroviruses remain a major cause of gastroenteritis and severe diarrheal disease around the world. Recent findings have begun to unravel the complex mechanisms that regulate norovirus pathogenesis and persistent infection, including the important interplay between the virus, the host immune system, and commensal bacteria. Herein, we will summarize recent research developments regarding norovirus cell tropism, the use of M cells, and commensal bacteria to facilitate norovirus infection, and virus, host, and bacterial determinants of persistent norovirus infections. J. Med. Virol. 88:1837-1843, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Karst
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Scott A Tibbetts
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, College of Medicine, Emerging Pathogens Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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45
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Carmona-Vicente N, Fernández-Jiménez M, Vila-Vicent S, Rodríguez-Díaz J, Buesa J. Characterisation of a household norovirus outbreak occurred in Valencia (Spain). BMC Infect Dis 2016; 16:124. [PMID: 26968797 PMCID: PMC4788899 DOI: 10.1186/s12879-016-1455-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/04/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Human noroviruses (NoVs) are the main cause of non-bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. Several studies have linked human susceptibility to NoVs with the expression of histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs). In January 2012, a NoV gastroenteritis outbreak affected a household in Valencia, Spain, and the personal susceptibility to NoV was investigated. Methods To reach this aim 8 members of the affected household were recruited for this study and their secretor status, ABO and Lewis antigens were determined. NoV-specific saliva IgA and serum IgG antibody titers were analyzed. Their capacity to block viral binding to saliva receptors was analyzed, using virus-like particles (VLPs) of the NoV GII.4 genotype, 2006b variant, and saliva from a secretor O blood type donor. Results The most relevant finding was that an asymptomatic non-secretor individual shed NoVs in his stools. Interestingly, anti-NoV IgA antibody titers in saliva from secretor and non-secretor individuals showed no differences. On the contrary, high titers of NoV-specific IgG antibody were found in both convalescent sera and in sera collected 1 year post-infection, but only from secretor individuals. NoV GII.4-2006b VLP binding to receptors present in the saliva was efficiently blocked only by sera from secretor positive individuals. Conclusions Despite the small number of individuals involved in this outbreak, this study reinforces the idea that susceptibility to human NoV is both dependent on the HBGA profile of the individuals as well as on the viral genotype and variant. We also show that the immunity to NoV lasts for at least 1 year after infection, demonstrating that symptomatic infections strongly stimulate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noelia Carmona-Vicente
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Manuel Fernández-Jiménez
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Susana Vila-Vicent
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jesús Rodríguez-Díaz
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
| | - Javier Buesa
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, University of Valencia, Avda. Blasco Ibáñez 17, 46010, Valencia, Spain.
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46
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Melhem NM. Norovirus vaccines: Correlates of protection, challenges and limitations. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2016; 12:1653-69. [PMID: 26836766 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2015.1125054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Norovirus (NoV) is responsible for at least 50% of all gastroenteritis outbreaks worldwide. NoVs are classified into 6 different genogroups (GGI- GGVI) based on the viral capsid protein with NoV genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) being the predominant strain causing human diseases. Supportive therapy involving reversal of dehydration and electrolyte deficiency is the main treatment of NoV gastroenteritis. However, the worldwide increased recognition of NoV as an important agent of diarrheal gastroenteritis prompted researchers to focus on establishing preventive strategies conferring long-lasting immunity. This review describes the current status of animal and human vaccine models/studies targeting NoV and addresses the factors hampering the development of a broadly effective vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada M Melhem
- a Medical Laboratory Sciences Program, American University of Beirut , Beirut , Lebanon
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47
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Chan MCW, Lee N, Hung TN, Kwok K, Cheung K, Tin EKY, Lai RWM, Nelson EAS, Leung TF, Chan PKS. Rapid emergence and predominance of a broadly recognizing and fast-evolving norovirus GII.17 variant in late 2014. Nat Commun 2015; 6:10061. [PMID: 26625712 PMCID: PMC4686777 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms10061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Norovirus genogroup II genotype 4 (GII.4) has been the predominant cause of viral gastroenteritis since 1996. Here we show that during the winter of 2014-2015, an emergent variant of a previously rare norovirus GII.17 genotype, Kawasaki 2014, predominated in Hong Kong and outcompeted contemporary GII.4 Sydney 2012 in hospitalized cases. GII.17 cases were significantly older than GII.4 cases. Root-to-tip and Bayesian BEAST analyses estimate GII.17 viral protein 1 (VP1) evolves one order of magnitude faster than GII.4 VP1. Residue substitutions and insertion occur in four of five inferred antigenic epitopes, suggesting immune evasion. Sequential GII.4-GII.17 infections are noted, implicating a lack of cross-protection. Virus bound to saliva of secretor histo-blood groups A, B and O, indicating broad susceptibility. This fast-evolving, broadly recognizing and probably immune-escaped emergent GII.17 variant causes severe gastroenteritis and hospitalization across all age groups, including populations who were previously less vulnerable to GII.4 variants; therefore, the global spread of GII.17 Kawasaki 2014 needs to be monitored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin C W Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, 1/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Nelson Lee
- Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, 9/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Tin-Nok Hung
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, 1/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kirsty Kwok
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, 1/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kelton Cheung
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, 1/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Edith K Y Tin
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, 1/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Raymond W M Lai
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, 1/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - E Anthony S Nelson
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, 6/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ting F Leung
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, 6/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Paul K S Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, 1/F Lui Che Woo Clinical Sciences Building, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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48
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Abstract
Noroviruses (NoVs) are highly prevalent, positive-sense RNA viruses that infect a range of mammals, including humans and mice. Murine noroviruses (MuNoVs) are the most prevalent pathogens in biomedical research colonies, and they have been used extensively as a model system for human noroviruses (HuNoVs). Despite recent successes in culturing HuNoVs in the laboratory and a small animal host, studies of human viruses have inherent limitations. Thus, owing to its versatility, the MuNoV system-with its native host, reverse genetics, and cell culture systems-will continue to provide important insights into NoV and enteric virus biology. In the current review, we summarize recent findings from MuNoVs that increase our understanding of enteric virus pathogenesis and highlight similarities between human and murine NoVs that underscore the value of MuNoVs to inform studies of HuNoV biology. We also discuss the potential of endemic MuNoV infections to impact other disease models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie M Karst
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610;
| | - Christiane E Wobus
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109;
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Drouaz N, Schaeffer J, Farkas T, Le Pendu J, Le Guyader FS. Tulane Virus as a Potential Surrogate To Mimic Norovirus Behavior in Oysters. Appl Environ Microbiol 2015; 81:5249-56. [PMID: 26025893 PMCID: PMC4495214 DOI: 10.1128/aem.01067-15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Oyster contamination by noroviruses is an important health and economic problem. The present study aimed to compare the behaviors of Norwalk virus (the prototype genogroup I norovirus) and two culturable viruses: Tulane virus and mengovirus. After bioaccumulation, tissue distributions were quite similar for Norwalk virus and Tulane virus, with the majority of viral particles detected in digestive tissues, while mengovirus was detected in large amounts in the gills and mantle as well as in digestive tissues. The levels of persistence of all three viruses over 8 days were comparable, but clear differences were observed over longer periods, with Norwalk and Tulane viruses displaying rather similar half-lives, unlike mengovirus, which was cleared more rapidly. These results indicate that Tulane virus may be a good surrogate for studying norovirus behavior in oysters, and they confirm the prolonged persistence of Norwalk virus in oyster tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najoua Drouaz
- IFREMER, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, LSEM-SG2M, Nantes, France
| | - Julien Schaeffer
- IFREMER, Laboratoire de Microbiologie, LSEM-SG2M, Nantes, France
| | - Tibor Farkas
- Laboratory of Specialized Clinical Studies, Division of Infectious Diseases, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Jacques Le Pendu
- INSERM, U892, CNRS, UMR6299, Université de Nantes, Nantes, France
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50
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Li D, Breiman A, le Pendu J, Uyttendaele M. Binding to histo-blood group antigen-expressing bacteria protects human norovirus from acute heat stress. Front Microbiol 2015; 6:659. [PMID: 26191052 PMCID: PMC4486850 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2015.00659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 06/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
This study aims to investigate if histo-blood group antigen (HBGA) expressing bacteria have any protective role on human norovirus (NoV) from acute heat stress. Eleven bacterial strains were included, belonging to Escherichia coli, Enterobacter cloacae, Enterobacter aerogenes, Clostridium difficile, Bifidobacterium adolescentis, and B. longum. HBGA expression of the bacteria as well as binding of human NoV virus-like particles (VLPs, GI.1, and GII.4 strains) to the bacteria were detected by flow cytometry. NoV VLPs pre-incubated with HBGA expressing or non-HBGA expressing bacteria were heated and detected by both direct ELISA and porcine gastric mucin-binding assay. The NoV-binding abilities of the bacteria correlated well with their HBGA expression profiles. Two HBGA expressing E. coli (LMG8223 and LFMFP861, both GI.1 and GII.4 binders) and one non-HBGA expressing E. coli (ATCC8739, neither GI.1 nor GII.4 binder) were selected for the heat treatment test with NoV VLPs. Compared with the same cell numbers of non-HBGA expressing E. coli, the presence of HBGA-expressing E. coli could always maintain higher antigen integrity, as well as mucin-binding ability of NoV VLPs of both GI.1 and GII.4 after heat-treatment at 90°C for 2 min. These results indicate that HBGA-expressing bacteria may protect NoVs during the food processing treatments, thereby facilitating their transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Li
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
| | - Adrien Breiman
- INSERM, UMR 892Nantes, France
- CNRS, UMR 6299Nantes, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of NantesNantes, France
- Nantes University HospitalNantes, France
| | - Jacques le Pendu
- INSERM, UMR 892Nantes, France
- CNRS, UMR 6299Nantes, France
- Faculty of Medicine, University of NantesNantes, France
| | - Mieke Uyttendaele
- Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent UniversityGhent, Belgium
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