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van Dijk LLA, Rijsbergen LC, Rubio BT, Schmitz KS, Gommers L, Comvalius AD, Havelaar A, van Amerongen G, Schepp R, Lamers MM, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Haagmans BL, van Binnendijk R, de Swart RL, de Vries RD. Virus neutralization assays for human respiratory syncytial virus using airway organoids. Cell Mol Life Sci 2024; 81:267. [PMID: 38884678 PMCID: PMC11335194 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-024-05307-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 05/23/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies are considered a correlate of protection against severe human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) disease. Currently, HRSV neutralization assays are performed on immortalized cell lines like Vero or A549 cells. It is known that assays on these cell lines exclusively detect neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) directed to the fusion (F) protein. For the detection of nAbs directed to the glycoprotein (G), ciliated epithelial cells expressing the cellular receptor CX3CR1 are required, but generation of primary cell cultures is expensive and labor-intensive. Here, we developed a high-throughput neutralization assay based on the interaction between clinically relevant HRSV grown on primary cells with ciliated epithelial cells, and validated this assay using a panel of infant sera. To develop the high-throughput neutralization assay, we established a culture of differentiated apical-out airway organoids (Ap-O AO). CX3CR1 expression was confirmed, and both F- and G-specific monoclonal antibodies neutralized HRSV in the Ap-O AO. In a side-by-side neutralization assay on Vero cells and Ap-O AO, neutralizing antibody levels in sera from 125 infants correlated well, although titers on Ap-O AO were consistently lower. We speculate that these lower titers might be an actual reflection of the neutralizing antibody capacity in vivo. The organoid-based neutralization assay described here holds promise for further characterization of correlates of protection against HRSV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura L A van Dijk
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laurine C Rijsbergen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bruno Tello Rubio
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katharina S Schmitz
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lennert Gommers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anouskha D Comvalius
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alexander Havelaar
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Geert van Amerongen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rutger Schepp
- Center of Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Mart M Lamers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Programme in Emerging Infectious Diseases, Duke-NUS Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Corine H GeurtsvanKessel
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rob van Binnendijk
- Center of Infectious Disease Control, National Institute of Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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Rios-Guzman E, Simons LM, Dean TJ, Agnes F, Pawlowski A, Alisoltanidehkordi A, Nam HH, Ison MG, Ozer EA, Lorenzo-Redondo R, Hultquist JF. Deviations in RSV epidemiological patterns and population structures in the United States following the COVID-19 pandemic. Nat Commun 2024; 15:3374. [PMID: 38643200 PMCID: PMC11032338 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47757-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infection, with the greatest impact on infants, immunocompromised individuals, and older adults. RSV prevalence decreased substantially in the United States (US) following the implementation of COVID-19-related non-pharmaceutical interventions but later rebounded with abnormal seasonality. The biological and epidemiological factors underlying this altered behavior remain poorly defined. In this retrospective cohort study from 2009 to 2023 in Chicago, Illinois, US, we examined RSV epidemiology, clinical severity, and genetic diversity. We found that changes in RSV diagnostic platforms drove increased detections in outpatient settings post-2020 and that hospitalized adults infected with RSV-A were at higher risk of intensive care admission than those with RSV-B. While population structures of RSV-A remained unchanged, RSV-B exhibited a genetic shift into geographically distinct clusters. Mutations in the antigenic regions of the fusion protein suggest convergent evolution with potential implications for vaccine and therapeutic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefany Rios-Guzman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Lacy M Simons
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Taylor J Dean
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Francesca Agnes
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Anna Pawlowski
- Northwestern Medicine Enterprise Data Warehouse, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Arghavan Alisoltanidehkordi
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Hannah H Nam
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University of California - Irvine, Orange, CA, 92868, USA
| | - Michael G Ison
- Division of Microbiology and Infectious Diseases (DMID), National Institute of Health, Rockville, MD, 20852, USA
| | - Egon A Ozer
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Ramon Lorenzo-Redondo
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA
| | - Judd F Hultquist
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial Evolution, Northwestern University Havey Institute for Global Health, Chicago, IL, 60611, USA.
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3
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Huang L, Xu Y, Yang Y, Dong H, Luo Q, Chen Z, Du H, Mei G, Wang X, Guan Y, Zhao C, Han J, Lu G. Molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalized children during winter 2021-2022 in Bengbu, China. Front Public Health 2024; 11:1310293. [PMID: 38235154 PMCID: PMC10791987 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1310293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective This study aimed to study the molecular epidemiology and clinical characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection from hospitalized children with ARTI in Bengbu. Methods One hundred twenty-four nasopharyngeal swab specimens and clinical data from children with ARTI cases were collected in Bengbu, China, during winter 2021-2022. The samples were detected by qPCR of 13 respiratory viruses. Phylogenetic analysis was constructed using MEGA 7.0. All analyses were performed using SAS software, version 9.4. Results In winter 2021-2022, URTI, NSCAP, SCAP, and bronchiolitis accounted for 41.03%, 27.35%, 17.09%, and 14.53% of hospitalized children in Bengbu, China. The detection rates of the top three were RSV (41.94%), ADV (5.65%), and FluB (5.65%) in hospitalized children through 13 virus detection. RSV is the main pathogen of hospitalized children under 2 years old. Forty-eight sequences of G protein of RSV were obtained through PCR amplification, including RSV-A 37 strains and RSV-B 11 strains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all RSV-A and RSV-B were ON1 and BA9 genotypes, respectively. ON1 genotypes were further divided into two clades. The majority of ON1 strains formed a unique genetic clade with T113I, V131D, N178 G, and H258Q mutations. Furthermore, RSV infection was an independent risk factor for ventilator use (OR = 9.55, 95% CI 1.87-48.64). Conclusion There was a high incidence of RSV among hospitalized children during winter 2021-2022 in Bengbu with ON1 and BA9 being the dominant strains. This study demonstrated the molecular epidemiological characteristics of RSV in children with respiratory infections in Bengbu, China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Limin Huang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
- Jinling Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Medical School, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanyou Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
| | - Yanqing Yang
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Hongming Dong
- School of Basic Medicine, North China University of Science and Technology, Tangshan, China
| | - Qin Luo
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Haijun Du
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyong Mei
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science and Agriculture and Forestry, Qiqihar University, Qiqihar, China
| | - Yake Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Chihong Zhao
- Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Han
- National Key Laboratory of Intelligent Tracking and Forecasting for Infectious Diseases, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing, China
| | - Guoyu Lu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui, China
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Hu L, Yang Y, Lin J, Yan Q, Sun C, Li Z, Sun L, Xu J, Chen J, Bai G. Epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus infection in pediatric patients before, during the COVID-19 pandemic and after easing of COVID-19 restrictive measures in China. J Med Virol 2024; 96:e29374. [PMID: 38197487 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2024]
Abstract
We aimed to assess the epidemiological characteristics of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in Chinese children at different phases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, that is, before, during the pandemic and after easing of restrictive measures. We included 123 623 patients aged 0-18 years with respiratory infection symptoms who were suspected with RSV infection from January 1, 2019 to June 30, 2023 in Hangzhou Children's Hospital. Clinical information and RSV test result were extracted from the laboratory information system. We calculated the positive rate of RSV detection by age groups, gender, seasons, types of patients and phases of COVID-19 pandemic. Nonlinear associations between age and risk of RSV infection in three phases of pandemic were assessed by restricted cubic spline regression models. Among 123 623 patients, 3875 (3.13%) were tested as positive. The highest positive rate was observed in children aged 0-28 days (i.e., 12.28%). RSV infection was most prevalent in winter (6.04%), and followed by autumn (2.52%). Although there is no statistical significance regarding the positive rate at three phases of the pandemic, we observed that the rate was lowest during the pandemic and increased after easing the measures in certain age groups (p < 0.05), which was consisted with results from the nonlinear regression analyses. In addition, regression analyses suggested that the age range of children susceptible to RSV got wider, that is, 0-3.5 years, after easing all restrictive measures compared with that before (i.e., 0-3 years) and during the pandemic (i.e., 0-1 year). Based on our findings, we called for attention from health professionals and caregivers on the new epidemiological characteristics of RSV infection in the post-pandemic era after easing the restrictive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lidan Hu
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yang Yang
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Public Health and Biosafety & School of Public Health, Kunming, China
| | - Jianyu Lin
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qingtao Yan
- Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Changxuan Sun
- Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangshu, China
| | - Ziqiao Li
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lidan Sun
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jingfang Xu
- Department of Orthopedics, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Department of Respiratory, Hangzhou Children's Hospital, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Guannan Bai
- Department of Child Health Care, Children's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Hultquist J, Rios-Guzman E, Simons L, Dean T, Agnes F, Pawlowski A, Alisoltanidehkordi A, Nam H, Ison M, Ozer E, Lorenzo-Redondo R. Altered RSV Epidemiology and Genetic Diversity Following the COVID-19 Pandemic. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3712859. [PMID: 38168164 PMCID: PMC10760306 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3712859/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory tract infection, with greatest impact on infants, immunocompromised individuals, and older adults. RSV prevalence decreased substantially following the implementation of non-pharmaceutical interventions to mitigate the COVID-19 pandemic but later rebounded with initially abnormal seasonality. The biological and epidemiological factors underlying this altered behavior remain poorly defined. In this retrospective cohort study, we examined RSV epidemiology, clinical severity, and genetic diversity in the years surrounding the COVID-19 pandemic. We found that changes in RSV diagnostic platforms drove increased detections in outpatient settings after 2020 and that hospitalized adults with RSV-A were at higher risk of needing intensive care than those with RSV-B. While the population structure of RSV-A remained unchanged, the population structure of RSV-B shifted in geographically distinct clusters. Mutations in the antigenic regions of the fusion protein suggest convergent evolution with potential implications for vaccine and therapeutic development.
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6
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Kopera E, Czajka H, Zapolnik P, Mazur A. New Insights on Respiratory Syncytial Virus Prevention. Vaccines (Basel) 2023; 11:1797. [PMID: 38140201 PMCID: PMC10747926 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines11121797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a well-known infant pathogen transmitted mainly by droplets. It is a leading cause of upper respiratory tract infections in children, usually with a mild course of illness. RSV has also been a threat to older people, especially those with underlying medical conditions. For a long time, prevention was limited to passive immunoprophylaxis with palivizumab for high-risk infants. There was a strong need to find other treatment or prevention methods against RSV infections. In addition, after the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, some significant changes in RSV epidemiology have been observed. Researchers noticed the shift in RSV seasonality and age distribution and the increased number of cases in older infants and adults. All of these made the need to find other medical options even stronger. Fortunately, two protein-based vaccines against RSV have successfully passed all phases of clinical trials and have been approved for use by adults and older people. One of them is also approved for infants from birth to 6 months of age (after maternal immunisation during pregnancy) and for pregnant women between 24 and 36 weeks of pregnancy. Also, a new passive immunisation option named nirsevimab (a highly potent monoclonal antibody with a long half-life) is now available for the paediatric group. In this review, we will discuss the previous and current RSV prevention methods in the light of structural discoveries of RSV antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hanna Czajka
- College of Medical Sciences, University of Rzeszów, 35-315 Rzeszów, Poland; (E.K.); (P.Z.); (A.M.)
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7
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Bimouhen A, Regragui Z, El Falaki F, Ihazmade H, Benkerroum S, Barakat A, Rguig A, Benamar T, Triki S, Bakri Y, Oumzil H. Circulation patterns and molecular epidemiology of human respiratory syncytial virus over five consecutive seasons in Morocco. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2023; 17:e13203. [PMID: 37859975 PMCID: PMC10582604 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the leading cause of respiratory tract infections in infants and young children. we investigated the prevalence and characteristics of HRSV in Morocco and explored trends in circulating genotypes through partial G gene analysis of HRSV strains prevalent from 2012 to 2017. Methods Respiratory samples were gathered from both outpatients and inpatients meeting ILI or SARI case definitions. The patients' ages varied from 1 month to 99 years old. Nucleic acids were extracted and HRSV type/subtype was detected by RT-qPCR. A subset of positive samples was randomly selected in each epidemic year, the complete viral genome was sequenced, phylogenetic analysis was performed using the MEGA7 program and the genotypes were confirmed. Results The 3679 specimens were collected from 2012 to 2017, of which 726 (19.7%) were positive for HRSV. The 35% (257/726) of HRSV-positives were of the HRSV-A subtype, while the HRSV-B subtype accounted for 61% (442/726). The co-infection rate was 3.7% (27/726). The virus circulates in a periodic pattern, where epidemics occur during the fall months through early spring. HRSV genotype was confirmed in 127 specimens (56 HRSV-A and 71 HRSV-B). Based on phylogenetic analysis, all HRSV-A were ON1 genotype, and HRSV-B were mostly BA9 genotype. HRSV-B belonging to the BA10 genotype was detected in 2012 exclusively. Conclusions BA9, BA10, and ON1 were the only HRSV genotypes detected between 2012 and 2017. Variations in the G gene amino acid chain were identified in local strains, which suggests an increased need for continuous genomic surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abderrahman Bimouhen
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of SciencesMohammed V University in RabatRabatMorocco
- National Influenza Center, Virology DepartmentNational Institute of Hygiene, Ministry of HealthRabatMorocco
| | - Zakia Regragui
- National Influenza Center, Virology DepartmentNational Institute of Hygiene, Ministry of HealthRabatMorocco
| | - Fatima El Falaki
- National Influenza Center, Virology DepartmentNational Institute of Hygiene, Ministry of HealthRabatMorocco
| | - Hassan Ihazmade
- National Influenza Center, Virology DepartmentNational Institute of Hygiene, Ministry of HealthRabatMorocco
| | - Samira Benkerroum
- National Influenza Center, Virology DepartmentNational Institute of Hygiene, Ministry of HealthRabatMorocco
| | - Amal Barakat
- World Health Organization Regional Office for the Eastern MediterraneanCairoEgypt
| | - Ahmed Rguig
- Directorate of Epidemiology and Disease ControlMinistry of HealthRabatMorocco
| | - Touria Benamar
- Directorate of Epidemiology and Disease ControlMinistry of HealthRabatMorocco
| | - Soumia Triki
- World Health Organization Country Office of MoroccoRabatMorocco
| | - Youssef Bakri
- Laboratory of Human Pathologies Biology, Faculty of SciencesMohammed V University in RabatRabatMorocco
- Center of human pathologies genomic, faculty of Medicine and PharmacyMohammed V university in RabatRabatMorocco
| | - Hicham Oumzil
- National Influenza Center, Virology DepartmentNational Institute of Hygiene, Ministry of HealthRabatMorocco
- Pedagogy and Research Unit of Microbiology, School of Medicine and PharmacyMohammed V University in RabatRabatMorocco
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8
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Pangesti KNA, Ansari HR, Bayoumi A, Kesson AM, Hill-Cawthorne GA, Abd El Ghany M. Genomic characterization of respiratory syncytial virus genotypes circulating in the paediatric population of Sydney, NSW, Australia. Microb Genom 2023; 9:001095. [PMID: 37656160 PMCID: PMC10569731 DOI: 10.1099/mgen.0.001095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), or human orthopneumovirus, is a major cause of acute lower respiratory infection (ALRI), particularly in young children, causing significant morbidity and mortality. We used pathogen genomics to characterize the population structure and genetic signatures of RSV isolates circulating in children in New South Wales between 2016 and 2018 and to understand the evolutionary dynamics of these strains in the context of publicly available RSV genomes from the region and globally. Whole-genome phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the co-circulation of a few major RSV clades in the paediatric population from Sydney. The whole-genome-based genotypes A23 (RSV-A ON1-like genotype) and B6 (RSV-B BA9-like genotype) were the predominant RSV-A and RSV-B genotypes circulating during the study period, respectively. These genotypes were characterized with high levels of diversity of predicted N- and O-linked glycosylation patterns in both the G and F glycoproteins. Interestingly, a novel 72-nucleotide triplication in the sequence that corresponds to the C-terminal region of the G gene was identified in four of the A23 genotype sequenced in this study. Consistently, the population dynamics analysis demonstrated a continuous increase in the effective population size of A23 and B6 genotypes globally. Further investigations including functional mapping of mutations and identifying the impact of sequence changes on virus fitness are highly required. This study highlights the potential impact of an integrated approach that uses WG-based phylogeny and studying selective pressure events in understanding the emergence and dissemination of RSV genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisna N. A. Pangesti
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Hifzur R. Ansari
- King Abdullah International Medical Research Center, King Saud Bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Bayoumi
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alison M. Kesson
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Grant A. Hill-Cawthorne
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Moataz Abd El Ghany
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- Sydney Infectious Diseases Institute, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
- The Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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9
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Virant MJ, Luštrek M, Kogoj R, Petrovec M, Uršič T. Changes in HRSV Epidemiology but Not Circulating Variants in Hospitalized Children due to the Emergence of SARS-CoV-2. Viruses 2023; 15:1218. [PMID: 37376518 DOI: 10.3390/v15061218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
This study assesses the circulation of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) genotypes before, during, and toward the end of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic in children and determines the influence of the pandemic on HRSV circulation patterns and evolution. Phylogenetic analysis of the hypervariable glycoprotein G gene was performed on 221/261 (84.7%) HRSV-positive samples and shows two separated clusters, one belonging to HRSV-A (129/221) and another to HRSV-B (92/221). All Slovenian HRSV-A strains contained the 72-nucleotide-long duplicated region in the attachment glycoprotein G gene and were classified as lineage GA2.3.5. All Slovenian HRSV-B strains similarly contained a 60-nucleotide-long duplicated region in the attachment glycoprotein G gene and were classified as lineage GB5.0.5a. During the 3-year period (2018-2021) covered by the study, no significant differences were observed within strains detected before the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic, during it, and after the implementation of nonpharmaceutical preventive measures. Slovenian HRSV-A strains seem to be more diverse than HRSV-B strains. Therefore, further whole-genome investigations would be required for better monitoring of the long-term impact of SARS-CoV-2 endemic circulation and the formation of new HRSV lineages and epidemiological patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika Jevšnik Virant
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Manca Luštrek
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Rok Kogoj
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Miroslav Petrovec
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Tina Uršič
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Zaloška 4, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
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10
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Wang X, Qiao O, Han L, Li N, Gong Y. A Novel Rabbit Anti-Myoglobin Monoclonal Antibody's Potential Application in Rhabdomyolysis Associated Acute Kidney Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24097822. [PMID: 37175528 PMCID: PMC10177957 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24097822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Myoglobin (Mb) is the main constituent of vertebrate skeletal muscle and myocardium and plays an essential role in oxygen binding, storage, transport, and earliest disease diagnosis. This study focuses on preparing the novel recombinant rabbit anti-Mb monoclonal antibody and applying it to a diagnosis of Mb deposition in rhabdomyolysis-associated acute kidney injury (RM-AKI). The full-length coding sequence of rat Mb was cloned and expressed, and the high-quality and titer rabbit anti-Mb polyclonal antibodies were produced by the immunogen His-Mb fusion protein. A new hybridoma cell was obtained by hybridoma screening technology. With the help of DNA sequencing and a molecular clonal, anti-Mb monoclonal antibody heavy and light chains expression plasmid was constructed. Finally, the recombinant rabbit anti-Mb monoclonal antibody with extraordinarily high affinity (KD = 1.21 pM) was obtained. Meanwhile, it had broad species reactivity (mouse, rat, human, and horse) and good tissue specificity (skeletal muscle and myocardium). It also had a very good performance in western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunofluorescence assay to detect the Mb level in the kidney, myocardium, and skeletal muscle of RM-AKI. This study will be significantly helpful for Mb-associated disease diagnosis, and pathogenesis exploration, and further may act as a neutralizing antibody for disease treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyue Wang
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ou Qiao
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Lu Han
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ning Li
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Yanhua Gong
- Institute of Disaster and Emergency Medicine, Medical College, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300072, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Disaster Medicine Technology, Tianjin 300072, China
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11
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Verwey C, Madhi SA. Review and Update of Active and Passive Immunization Against Respiratory Syncytial Virus. BioDrugs 2023; 37:295-309. [PMID: 37097594 PMCID: PMC10127166 DOI: 10.1007/s40259-023-00596-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common cause of lower respiratory tract infection (LRTI) in children, causing approximately 3.6 million hospitalizations per year, and has been associated with long-term pulmonary sequelae for up to 30 years after infection, yet preventative strategies and active treatment options remain elusive. The associated morbidity and healthcare related costs could be decreased substantially with the development of these much-needed medications. After an initial false start in the development of an RSV vaccine, gradual progress is now being made with the development of multiple vaccine candidates using numerous different mechanisms of action. Furthermore, nirsevimab, a new monoclonal antibody for the prevention of RSV, has recently been registered in the European Union. New novel treatments for RSV infection are also in the pipeline, which would provide the clinician with much needed ammunition in the management of the acute disease. The next few years have the potential to change the landscape of LRTI forever through the prevention and management of RSV LRTI and thereby decrease the mortality and morbidity associated with it. In this review, we discuss these new approaches, current research, and clinical trials in monoclonal antibody and vaccine development against RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charl Verwey
- Department of Paediatrics and Child Health, School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Shabir A Madhi
- South African Medical Research Council Vaccines and Infectious Diseases Analytics Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Department of Science/National Research Foundation: Vaccine Preventable Diseases, University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Health Science, Johannesburg, South Africa
- African Leadership in Vaccinology Expertise (ALIVE), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
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12
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McGinley JP, Lin GL, Öner D, Golubchik T, O'Connor D, Snape MD, Gruselle O, Langedijk AC, Wildenbeest J, Openshaw P, Nair H, Aerssens J, Bont L, Martinón-Torres F, Drysdale SB, Pollard AJ. Clinical and Viral Factors Associated With Disease Severity and Subsequent Wheezing in Infants With Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection. J Infect Dis 2022; 226:S45-S54. [PMID: 35902389 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes substantial morbidity and mortality in infants and young children worldwide. Here we evaluated host demographic and viral factors associated with RSV disease severity in 325 RSV-infected infants under 1 year of age from 3 European countries during 2017-2020. Younger infants had a higher clinical severity (ReSViNET) score and were more likely to require hospitalization, intensive care, respiratory support, and/or mechanical ventilation than older infants (<3 months vs 3 to <6 months and 3 to <6 months vs ≥6 months). Older age (≥6 months vs <3 months), higher viral load, and RSV-A were associated with a greater probability of fever. RSV-A and RSV-B caused similar disease severity and had similar viral dynamics. Infants with a more severe RSV infection, demonstrated by having a higher ReSViNET score, fever, and requiring hospitalization and intensive care, were more likely to have developed subsequent wheezing at 1 year of age. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT03756766.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph P McGinley
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Gu Lung Lin
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Deniz Öner
- Translational Biomarkers, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Tanya Golubchik
- Big Data Institute, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Daniel O'Connor
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Matthew D Snape
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Annefleur C Langedijk
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Joanne Wildenbeest
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Peter Openshaw
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Harish Nair
- Centre for Global Health, Usher Institute, Edinburgh Medical School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Jeroen Aerssens
- Translational Biomarkers, Infectious Diseases Therapeutic Area, Janssen Pharmaceutica NV, Beerse, Belgium
| | - Louis Bont
- Department of Paediatric Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Federico Martinón-Torres
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious Diseases, Hospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Simon B Drysdale
- Paediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, Institute for Infection and Immunity, St George's, University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Pollard
- Oxford Vaccine Group, Department of Paediatrics, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.,NIHR Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, Oxford, United Kingdom
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13
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Kitai Y, Sato K, Shirato K, Ohmiya S, Watanabe O, Kisu T, Ota R, Takeda M, Kawakami K, Nishimura H. Variation in Thermal Stability among Respiratory Syncytial Virus Clinical Isolates under Non-Freezing Conditions. Viruses 2022; 14:v14040679. [PMID: 35458409 PMCID: PMC9029476 DOI: 10.3390/v14040679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Virus isolates are not only useful for diagnosing infections, e.g., respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), but can also facilitate many aspects of practical viral studies such as analyses of antigenicity and the action mechanisms of antivirals, among others. We have been isolating RSV from clinical specimens from patients with respiratory symptoms every year since our first isolation of RSV in 1964, and isolation rates have varied considerably over the years. As collected clinical specimens are conventionally stored in a refrigerator from collection to inoculation into cells, we hypothesized that certain storage conditions or associated factors might account for these differences. Hence, we evaluated the thermal stability of a total of 64 viruses isolated from 1998 to 2018 upon storage at 4 °C and 20 °C for a defined duration. Interestingly, and contrary to our current understanding, 22 strains (34%) showed a greater loss of viability upon short-term storage at 4 °C than at 20 °C. Thirty-seven strains (57%) showed an almost equal loss, and only five strains (8%) were more stable at 4 °C than at 20 °C. This finding warrants reconsideration of the temperature for the temporary storage of clinical samples for RSV isolation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kitai
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, Miyagino 2-11-12, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8520, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.O.); (O.W.); (T.K.); (R.O.)
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-0872, Japan; (K.S.); (K.K.)
| | - Ko Sato
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-0872, Japan; (K.S.); (K.K.)
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-0872, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shirato
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (K.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Suguru Ohmiya
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, Miyagino 2-11-12, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8520, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.O.); (O.W.); (T.K.); (R.O.)
| | - Oshi Watanabe
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, Miyagino 2-11-12, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8520, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.O.); (O.W.); (T.K.); (R.O.)
| | - Tomoko Kisu
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, Miyagino 2-11-12, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8520, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.O.); (O.W.); (T.K.); (R.O.)
| | - Reiko Ota
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, Miyagino 2-11-12, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8520, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.O.); (O.W.); (T.K.); (R.O.)
| | - Makoto Takeda
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Disease, Tokyo 208-0011, Japan; (K.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Kazuyoshi Kawakami
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Mycology and Immunology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-0872, Japan; (K.S.); (K.K.)
- Department of Intelligent Network for Infection Control, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai 980-0872, Japan
| | - Hidekazu Nishimura
- Virus Research Center, Clinical Research Division, Sendai Medical Center, Miyagino 2-11-12, Miyagino-ku, Sendai 983-8520, Japan; (Y.K.); (S.O.); (O.W.); (T.K.); (R.O.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +81-22-293-1173
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14
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Tabatabai J, Ihling CM, Rehbein RM, Schnee SV, Hoos J, Pfeil J, Grulich-Henn J, Schnitzler P. Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in hospitalised children in Heidelberg, Southern Germany, 2014-2017. INFECTION, GENETICS AND EVOLUTION : JOURNAL OF MOLECULAR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND EVOLUTIONARY GENETICS IN INFECTIOUS DISEASES 2022; 98:105209. [PMID: 35032683 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2022.105209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of hopitalisation in young children with respiratory tract infections (RTI). The aim of this research project was to analyse RSV genotypes and the diversification of RSV strains among hospitalised children in Heidelberg, Germany. METHODS We prospectively analysed nasopharyngeal swabs (NPS) from children who were hospitalised with acute RTI at the University Hospital Heidelberg, Germany, during winter seasons 2014 to 2017. RSV RT-PCR and RSV sequence analysis of the G gene coding for the attachment glycoprotein were performed. Clinical data was obtained using a standardised questionnaire. RESULTS RSV was detected in 405 out of 946 samples from hospitalised children. Most RSV positive children were below the age of two years (84.4%) and had a lower RTI (78.8%). The majority of RSV positive children was male, significantly younger than RSV negative children with a median age of 0.39 years and with more severe respiratory symptoms. Out of 405 positive samples, 317 RSV strains were successfully sub-grouped into RSV subtypes A (57.4%; 182/317) and B (42.6%; 135/317). Both RSV subtypes cocirculated in all analysed winter seasons. Phylogenetic analysis of 317 isolates revealed that the majority of RSV-A strains (180/182) belonged to the ON1 genotype, most RSV-B strains could be attributed to the BAIX genotype (132/135). ON1 and BAIX strains showed a sub-differentiation into different lineages and we were able to identify new (sub)genotypes. CONCLUSION Analysis of the molecular epidemiology of RSV from different seasons revealed the cocirculation and diversification of RSV genotypes ON1 and BAIX.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tabatabai
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infectious Diseases (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany; Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - C M Ihling
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infectious Diseases (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany; Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, University Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - R M Rehbein
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infectious Diseases (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany; Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - S V Schnee
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infectious Diseases (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Hoos
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany; German Centre for Infectious Diseases (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany; Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Pfeil
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - J Grulich-Henn
- Centre for Paediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Schnitzler
- Centre for Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Pappa S, Haidopoulou K, Zarras C, Theodorakou E, Papadimitriou E, Iosifidis E, Gkeka I, Stoikou K, Vagdatli E, Skoura L, Papa A. Early initiation of the respiratory syncytial virus season in 2021-2022, Greece. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3453-3456. [PMID: 35199347 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2022] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most common viral pathogen causing respiratory disease in the pediatric population. An unexpected sudden upsurge of RSV infections among children was observed in September 2021 in Greece. Forty-one rhinopharyngeal samples from children under the age of 2 years with confirmed RSV bronchiolitis were tested to identify the genotype(s) of the RSV strain(s). The children were hospitalized during September-November 2021 in three tertiary hospitals in northern Greece. A one-step RT-PCR which amplifies a fragment of the second hypervariable region of the G protein gene was applied. PCR products were sequenced, and phylogenetic analysis was performed. Most (80.5%) RSV cases were typed as RSV-A, with RSV-B accounting for 19.5% of cases. RSV-A and RSV-B sequences clustered within the ON1 and BA genotypes, respectively. Since the same genotypes were detected in cases observed during 2016-2018 in northern Greece, it was suggested that the early upsurge of infections was not related to the emergence of novel strain(s), but it was the result of the absence of immunity among children and their mothers due to the restriction measures taken during the COVID-19 pandemic in the previous RSV season. Awareness is needed to diagnose even the out-of-season RSV infections, while molecular epidemiology plays a key role in monitoring the efficacy of currently available therapeutics and for those under development. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Styliani Pappa
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Haidopoulou
- 2nd Department of Pediatrics, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Charalampos Zarras
- Microbiology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | - Eleni Papadimitriou
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Elias Iosifidis
- Infectious Disease Unit, 3rd Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Ioanna Gkeka
- Microbiology Laboratory, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Konstantina Stoikou
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Eleni Vagdatli
- Microbiology Department, Hippokration General Hospital, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Lemonia Skoura
- Microbiology Laboratory, AHEPA Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Papa
- Laboratory of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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16
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Rios Guzman E, Hultquist JF. Clinical and biological consequences of respiratory syncytial virus genetic diversity. Ther Adv Infect Dis 2022; 9:20499361221128091. [PMID: 36225856 PMCID: PMC9549189 DOI: 10.1177/20499361221128091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common etiological agents of global acute respiratory tract infections with a disproportionate burden among infants, individuals over the age of 65, and immunocompromised populations. The two major subtypes of RSV (A and B) co-circulate with a predominance of either group during different epidemic seasons, with frequently emerging genotypes due to RSV's high genetic variability. Global surveillance systems have improved our understanding of seasonality, disease burden, and genomic evolution of RSV through genotyping by sequencing of attachment (G) glycoprotein. However, the integration of these systems into international infrastructures is in its infancy, resulting in a relatively low number (~2200) of publicly available RSV genomes. These limitations in surveillance hinder our ability to contextualize RSV evolution past current canonical attachment glycoprotein (G)-oriented understanding, thus resulting in gaps in understanding of how genetic diversity can play a role in clinical outcome, therapeutic efficacy, and the host immune response. Furthermore, utilizing emerging RSV genotype information from surveillance and testing the impact of viral evolution using molecular techniques allows us to establish causation between the clinical and biological consequences of arising genotypes, which subsequently aids in informed vaccine design and future vaccination strategy. In this review, we aim to discuss the findings from current molecular surveillance efforts and the gaps in knowledge surrounding the consequence of RSV genetic diversity on disease severity, therapeutic efficacy, and RSV-host interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estefany Rios Guzman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious
Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL,
USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial
Evolution, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Judd F. Hultquist
- Robert H. Lurie Medical Research Center,
Northwestern University, 9-141, 303 E. Superior St., Chicago, IL 60611,
USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious
Diseases, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL,
USA
- Center for Pathogen Genomics and Microbial
Evolution, Institute for Global Health, Northwestern University Feinberg
School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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17
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Wangui J, Nokes DJ, Mobegi VA, Otieno JR, Agoti CN, Ngeranwa JJN, Bulimo WD. Spatial-temporal distribution and sequence diversity of group a human respiratory syncytial viruses in Kenya preceding the emergence of ON1 genotype. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2021; 16:501-510. [PMID: 34962085 PMCID: PMC8983921 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is a major cause of severe viral acute respiratory illness and contributes significantly to severe pneumonia cases in Africa. Little is known about its spatial–temporal distribution as defined by its genetic diversity. Methods A retrospective study conducted utilizing archived nasopharyngeal specimens from patients attending outpatient clinics in hospitals located in five demographically and climatically distinct regions of Kenya; Coast, Western, Highlands, Eastern and Nairobi. The viral total RNA was extracted and tested using multiplex real time RT‐PCR (reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction). A segment of the G‐gene was amplified using one‐step RT‐PCR and sequenced by Sanger di‐deoxy method. Bayesian analysis of phylogeny was utilized and subsequently median joining methods for haplotype network reconstruction. Results Three genotypes of HRSVA were detected; GA5 (14.0%), GA2 (33.1%), and NA1 (52.9%). HRSVA prevalence varied by location from 33% to 13.2% in the Highlands and the Eastern regions respectively. The mean nucleotide diversity (Pi[π]) varied by genotype: highest of 0.018 for GA5 and lowest of 0.005 for NA1. A total of 58 haplotypes were identified (GA5 10; GA2 20; NA1 28). These haplotypes were introduced into the population locally by single haplotypes and additional subsidiary seeds amongst the GA2 and the NA1 haplotypes. Conclusions HRSVA was found across all the regions throughout the study period and comprised three genotypes; GA5, GA2, and NA1 genotypes. The genotypes were disproportionately distributed across the regions with GA5 gradually increasing toward the Western zones and decreasing toward the Eastern zones of the country.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Wangui
- Department of Biochemistry, Kenyatta University, Nairobi, Kenya.,Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
| | - D James Nokes
- Department of Epidemiology and Demography, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.,School of Life Sciences and Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research (SBIDER), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Victor A Mobegi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - James R Otieno
- Department of Epidemiology and Demography, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Charles N Agoti
- Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya.,Department of Epidemiology and Demography, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | | | - Wallace D Bulimo
- Center for Virus Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI), Nairobi, Kenya
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18
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Virus-Like Particle Vaccines Against Respiratory Viruses and Protozoan Parasites. Curr Top Microbiol Immunol 2021; 433:77-106. [PMID: 33650036 DOI: 10.1007/82_2021_232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The field of vaccinology underwent massive advances over the past decades with the introduction of virus-like particles (VLPs), a supra-molecular nanoparticle vaccine platform that resembles viral structures without the ability to replicate in hosts. This innovative approach has been remarkably effective, as evidenced by its profound immunogenicity and safety. These highly desirable intrinsic properties enabled their further development as vaccines against a multitude of diseases. To date, several VLP-based vaccines have already been commercialized and many more are undergoing clinical evaluation prior to FDA approval. However, efficacious vaccines against a plethora of pathogens are still lacking, which imposes a tremendous socioeconomic burden and continues to threaten public health throughout the globe. This is especially the case for several respiratory pathogens and protozoan parasites. In this review, we briefly describe the fundamentals of VLP vaccines and the unique properties that enable these to be such valuable vaccine candidates and summarize current advances in VLP-based vaccines targeting respiratory and parasitic diseases of global importance.
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19
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Ihling CM, Schnitzler P, Heinrich N, Mangu C, Sudi L, Souares A, Gies S, Sié A, Coulibaly B, Ouédraogo AT, Mordmüller B, Held J, Adegnika AA, Fernandes JF, Eckerle I, May J, Hogan B, Eibach D, Tabatabai J. Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus in children in sub-Saharan Africa. Trop Med Int Health 2021; 26:810-822. [PMID: 33683751 DOI: 10.1111/tmi.13573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study investigated the molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among febrile children with acute respiratory tract infection in Ghana, Gabon, Tanzania and Burkina Faso between 2014 and 2017 as well as the evolution and diversification of RSV strains from other sub-Saharan countries. METHODS Pharyngeal swabs were collected at four study sites (Agogo, Ghana: n = 490; Lambaréné, Gabon: n = 182; Mbeya, Tanzania: n = 293; Nouna, Burkina Faso: n = 115) and analysed for RSV and other respiratory viruses using rtPCR. For RSV-positive samples, sequence analysis of the second hypervariable region of the G gene was performed. A dataset of RSV strains from sub-Saharan Africa (2011-2017) currently available in GenBank was compiled. Phylogenetic analysis was conducted to identify the diversity of circulating RSV genotypes. RESULTS In total, 46 samples were tested RSV positive (Ghana n = 31 (6.3%), Gabon n = 4 (2.2%), Tanzania n = 9 (3.1%) and Burkina Faso n = 2 (1.7%)). The most common RSV co-infection was with rhinovirus. All RSV A strains clustered with genotype ON1 strains with a 72-nucleotide duplication and all RSV B strains belonged to genotype BAIX. Phylogenetic analysis of amino acid sequences from sub-Saharan Africa revealed the diversification into 11 different ON1 and 22 different BAIX lineages and differentiation of ON1 and BAIX strains into potential new sub-genotypes, provisionally named ON1-NGR, BAIX-KEN1, BAIX-KEN2 and BAIX-KEN3. CONCLUSION The study contributes to an improved understanding of the molecular epidemiology of RSV infection in sub-Saharan Africa. It provides the first phylogenetic data for RSV from Tanzania, Gabon and Burkina Faso and combines it with RSV strains from all other sub-Saharan countries currently available in GenBank.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Marlene Ihling
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany.,Dr. von Haunersches Kinderspital, University Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Paul Schnitzler
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Heinrich
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany.,Division for Infectious Diseases, University Hospital of the LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Chacha Mangu
- NIMR-Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Lwitiho Sudi
- NIMR-Mbeya Medical Research Center, Mbeya, Tanzania
| | - Aurélia Souares
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sabine Gies
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany.,Heidelberg Institute of Global Health, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ali Sié
- Centre de Recherche en Santé de Nouna, Nouna, Burkina Faso
| | | | | | - Benjamin Mordmüller
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany.,Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jana Held
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany.,Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ayola Akim Adegnika
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany.,Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - José F Fernandes
- Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Tübingen, Germany.,Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
| | - Isabella Eckerle
- Institute of Virology, University of Bonn Medical Center, Bonn, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Geneva Center for Emerging Viral Diseases, University Hospitals of Geneva, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Juergen May
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany.,Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Benedikt Hogan
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany.,Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Eibach
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany.,Bernhard Nocht Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Julia Tabatabai
- Center of Infectious Diseases, Virology, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.,German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Heidelberg, Germany.,Center for Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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20
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Kamau E, Otieno JR, Lewa CS, Mwema A, Murunga N, Nokes DJ, Agoti CN. Evolution of respiratory syncytial virus genotype BA in Kilifi, Kenya, 15 years on. Sci Rep 2020; 10:21176. [PMID: 33273687 PMCID: PMC7712891 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-78234-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is recognised as a leading cause of severe acute respiratory disease and deaths among infants and vulnerable adults. Clinical RSV isolates can be divided into several known genotypes. RSV genotype BA, characterised by a 60-nucleotide duplication in the G glycoprotein gene, emerged in 1999 and quickly disseminated globally replacing other RSV group B genotypes. Continual molecular epidemiology is critical to understand the evolutionary processes maintaining the success of the BA viruses. We analysed 735 G gene sequences from samples collected from paediatric patients in Kilifi, Kenya, between 2003 and 2017. The virus population comprised of several genetically distinct variants (n = 56) co-circulating within and between epidemics. In addition, there was consistent seasonal fluctuations in relative genetic diversity. Amino acid changes increasingly accumulated over the surveillance period including two residues (N178S and Q180R) that mapped to monoclonal antibody 2D10 epitopes, as well as addition of putative N-glycosylation sequons. Further, switching and toggling of amino acids within and between epidemics was observed. On a global phylogeny, the BA viruses from different countries form geographically isolated clusters suggesting substantial localized variants. This study offers insights into longitudinal population dynamics of a globally endemic RSV genotype within a discrete location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Everlyn Kamau
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.
- Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK.
| | - James R Otieno
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- Fogarty International Center, NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Clement S Lewa
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Anthony Mwema
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Nickson Murunga
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - D James Nokes
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- School of Life Sciences and Zeeman Institute (SBIDER), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - Charles N Agoti
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
- School of Health and Human Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
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21
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Evaluation of the respiratory syncytial virus G-directed neutralizing antibody response in the human airway epithelial cell model. Virology 2020; 550:21-26. [PMID: 32866728 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2020.08.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of serious respiratory tract infections in infants and the elderly. Recently it was shown that the RSV G glycoprotein mediates attachment to cells using CX3CR1 as a receptor, and that G-specific neutralizing antibodies can be detected using human airway epithelial (HAE) cell cultures. To investigate the contributions of G-specific antibodies to RSV neutralization, we performed HAE neutralization assays on sera from RSV G-immunized mice or RSV-infected infants. We confirmed that G-specific neutralization using serum from mice or humans could only be detected on HAE cultures. We also found that RSV G-specific antibodies in infants were either subgroup specific or cross-neutralizing. Altogether, our results suggest that G is an important target for generating neutralizing antibodies and would be beneficial to include in an RSV vaccine. Further, inclusion of G antigens from both RSV subgroups may enhance the vaccine cross protection potency.
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22
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Ramaekers K, Rector A, Cuypers L, Lemey P, Keyaerts E, Van Ranst M. Towards a unified classification for human respiratory syncytial virus genotypes. Virus Evol 2020; 6:veaa052. [PMID: 33072402 PMCID: PMC7552823 DOI: 10.1093/ve/veaa052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Since the first human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) genotype classification in 1998, inconsistent conclusions have been drawn regarding the criteria that define HRSV genotypes and their nomenclature, challenging data comparisons between research groups. In this study, we aim to unify the field of HRSV genotype classification by reviewing the different methods that have been used in the past to define HRSV genotypes and by proposing a new classification procedure, based on well-established phylogenetic methods. All available complete HRSV genomes (>12,000 bp) were downloaded from GenBank and divided into the two subgroups: HRSV-A and HRSV-B. From whole-genome alignments, the regions that correspond to the open reading frame of the glycoprotein G and the second hypervariable region (HVR2) of the ectodomain were extracted. In the resulting partial alignments, the phylogenetic signal within each fragment was assessed. Maximum likelihood phylogenetic trees were reconstructed using the complete genome alignments. Patristic distances were calculated between all pairs of tips in the phylogenetic tree and summarized as a density plot in order to determine a cutoff value at the lowest point following the major distance peak. Our data show that neither the HVR2 fragment nor the G gene contains sufficient phylogenetic signal to perform reliable phylogenetic reconstruction. Therefore, whole-genome alignments were used to determine HRSV genotypes. We define a genotype using the following criteria: a bootstrap support of ≥ 70 per cent for the respective clade and a maximum patristic distance between all members of the clade of ≤0.018 substitutions per site for HRSV-A or ≤0.026 substitutions per site for HRSV-B. By applying this definition, we distinguish twenty-three genotypes within subtype HRSV-A and six genotypes within subtype HRSV-B. Applying the genotype criteria on subsampled data sets confirmed the robustness of the method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaat Ramaekers
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49 box 1040, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Annabel Rector
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49 box 1040, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lize Cuypers
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49 box 1040, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Lemey
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49 box 1040, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Els Keyaerts
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49 box 1040, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Marc Van Ranst
- KU Leuven, Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Transplantation, Rega Institute for Medical Research, Laboratory of Clinical and Epidemiological Virology, Herestraat 49 box 1040, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
- University Hospitals Leuven, Department of Laboratory Medicine and National Reference Centre for Respiratory Pathogens, Herestraat 49, BE-3000 Leuven, Belgium
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23
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Systematic Review of the Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Prevalence, Genotype Distribution, and Seasonality in Children from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) Region. Microorganisms 2020; 8:microorganisms8050713. [PMID: 32403364 PMCID: PMC7284433 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms8050713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common viruses to infect children worldwide and is the leading cause of lower respiratory tract illness (LRI) in infants. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review by collecting and reviewing all the published knowledge about the epidemiology of RSV in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA) region. Therefore, we systematically searched four databases; Embase, Medline, Scopus, and Cochrane databases from 2001 to 2019 to collect all the information related to the RSV prevalence, genotype distribution, and seasonality in children in MENA region. Our search strategy identified 598 studies, of which 83 met our inclusion criteria, which cover the past 19 years (2000–2019). Odds ratio (OR) and confidence interval (CI) were calculated to measure the association between RSV prevalence, gender, and age distribution. An overall prevalence of 24.4% (n = 17,106/69,981) of respiratory infections was recorded for RSV. The highest RSV prevalence was reported in Jordan (64%, during 2006–2007) and Israel (56%, 2005–2006). RSV A subgroup was more prevalent (62.9%; OR = 2.9, 95%CI = 2.64–3.13) than RSV B. RSV was most prevalent in children who were less than 12 months old (68.6%; OR = 4.7, 95%CI = 2.6–8.6) and was higher in males (59.6%; OR = 2.17, 95%CI = 1.2–3.8) than in female infants. Finally, the highest prevalence was recorded during winter seasons in all countries, except for Pakistan. RSV prevalence in the MENA region is comparable with the global one (24.4% vs. 22%). This first comprehensive report about RSV prevalence in the MENA region and our data should be important to guide vaccine introduction decisions and future evaluation.
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24
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Tsergouli K, Pappa S, Haidopoulou K, Gogou M, Giannopoulos A, Papa A. Respiratory Syncytial Virus in Greece, 2016-2018. Intervirology 2020; 62:210-215. [PMID: 32348998 DOI: 10.1159/000506049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of acute bronchiolitis in infants and young children. Children under the age of 2 years, hospitalized for bronchiolitis in the pediatric clinic of a tertiary hospital in northern Greece, were tested for RSV infection during two RSV seasons (2016-2017 and 2017-2018). RSV was detected in 37 of 71 (52.1%) patients, most of them younger than 6 months. Both RSV subtypes were detected - RSV-A (54.1%) and RSV-B (45.9%) - with predominance of RSV-A during the 2016-2017 and RSV-B during the 2017-2018 season. RSV-A and RSV-B sequences clustered within the ON1 and BA genotypes, respectively. Compared to the prototype strains, several amino acid substitutions were observed in the duplication region of the G gene. The study provides a first insight into the molecular epidemiology of RSV in Greece.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerina Tsergouli
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Styliani Pappa
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Katerina Haidopoulou
- Second Pediatric Department, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Maria Gogou
- Second Pediatric Department, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Andreas Giannopoulos
- Second Pediatric Department, AHEPA Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | - Anna Papa
- Department of Microbiology, Medical School, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece,
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25
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Pangesti KNA, El Ghany MA, Kesson AM, Hill-Cawthorne GA. Respiratory syncytial virus in the Western Pacific Region: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Glob Health 2020; 9:020431. [PMID: 31893034 PMCID: PMC6925967 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.09.020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the leading cause of viral pneumonia and bronchiolitis, especially in younger children. The burden of RSV infection in adults, particularly in the older age group, is increasingly recognised. However, RSV disease burden and molecular epidemiology in the World Health Organization (WHO) Western Pacific Region (WPR) has not been reviewed systematically. The aim of this systematic review is to investigate the epidemiological aspects of RSV (incidence, prevalence, seasonality and hospitalisation status) and the associated molecular data in the WPRO countries. Methods A systematic search was conducted in international literature databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus and Web of Science) to identify RSV-related publications from January 2000 to October 2017 in the WPR countries. Results A total of 196 studies from 15 WPR countries were included. The positivity rate for RSV among respiratory tract infection patients was 16.73% (95% confidence interval (CI) = 15.12%-18.4%). The RSV-positive cases were mostly found in hospitalised compared with outpatients (18.28% vs 11.54%, P < 0.001), and children compared with adults (20.72% vs 1.87%, P < 0.001). The seasonality of RSV in the WPR countries follows the latitude, with the peak of RSV season occurring in the winter in temperate countries, and during the rainy season in tropical countries. The molecular epidemiology pattern of RSV in WPR countries was similar to the global pattern, with NA1 (RSV A) and BA (RSV B) being the predominant genotypes. Conclusions The available data on RSV are limited in several countries within the WPR, with most data focusing on children and hospitalised patients. Further studies and surveillance, incorporating laboratory testing, are needed to determine the burden of RSV infection in the WPR countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krisna N A Pangesti
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.,The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Center for Research and Development of Biomedical and Basic Health Technology, NIHRD, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Moataz Abd El Ghany
- The Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The Westmead Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney ,Australia
| | - Alison M Kesson
- Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,The Children Hospital at Westmead, Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Sydney, Australia
| | - Grant A Hill-Cawthorne
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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26
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Disease severity of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection correlate to a novel set of five amino acid substitutions in the RSV attachment glycoprotein (G) in China. Virus Res 2020; 281:197937. [PMID: 32194139 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2020.197937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the major viruses of acute respiratory tract disease among infants and young children. We performed molecular epidemiology analysis of RSV among inpatient children in Guangzhou, China. Phylogenetic and Bayesian analysis showed that genotype ON1 was the only subgroup A virus in this study. Interestingly, the majority of Guangzhou ON1 strains formed a well-supported cluster, and these strains shared a novel set of five amino acid substitutions that never illustrated before. Furthermore, the degree of disease severity was assessed using a severity scoring system. The patients carrying the novel RSV A strain were associated with milder respiratory symptoms compared to other RSV A positives. In conclusion, a specific set of five amino acid substitutions was found in China and further analysis showed that disease severity was associated with these alterations. These findings will provide valuable information for the pathogenic mechanism and vaccine development of RSV.
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27
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Luo HJ, Huang XB, Zhong HL, Ye CX, Tan X, Zhou K, Yuan L, Zhang SF, Zhu X, Lin CJ, Wang WJ, Xu L, Cao KY. Epidemiological characteristics and phylogenic analysis of human respiratory syncytial virus in patients with respiratory infections during 2011-2016 in southern China. Int J Infect Dis 2019; 90:5-17. [PMID: 31634614 PMCID: PMC7110755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
For respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), an annual distribution pattern of 2-year RSV-A dominance followed by a 1-year RSV-B dominance was found in Guangzhou. In 2011–2016 in south China, prevalent RSV-A genotypes were NA1 and ON1 and the prevalent RSV-B genotype was BA9. The prevalent RSV-A genotype changed from Chongqing NA1 in 2011 to Hong Kong ON1 in 2014. The highest RSV epidemic peak occurred in 2015, indicating a possible biennial peak. The ongoing evolution of RSV-A ON1 and NA1 genotypes indicated high selection pressure.
Background Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important pathogens that cause acute respiratory infections in children and immunocompromised adults. This work was conducted to understand the epidemiological and phylogenetic features of RSV in southern China during 2011–2016. Methods A total of 16 024 nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from patients with respiratory infections in 14 hospitals, and screened for RSV and seven other respiratory viruses using real-time PCR. Six hundred and twenty-three RSV-positive samples from 13 hospitals were further analyzed for subtypes. G gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis were performed based on 46 RSV-A and 15 RSV-B strains. Results RSV was detected in 9.5% of the 16 024 specimens, the highest among the eight respiratory viruses screened. Most of these specimens came from inpatients and children under 3 years of age. The incidence of RSV-A (9.4%) was higher than that of RSV-B (4.4%) in children (<15 years), but not in adults (0.64% vs. 0.58%). A 2-year RSV-A dominance followed by a 1-year RSV-B dominance pattern was found. The co-detection rate of RSV was 25.1%. The main prevalent genotypes were NA1, ON1, and BA9. The prevalent RSV-A genotype in 2011–2012 was NA1, close to Chongqing and Brazil, but a new Hong Kong ON1 genotype was introduced and became the prevalent genotype in Guangzhou in 2014–2015. Deduced amino acid sequence analysis confirmed the ongoing evolution and a high selection pressure of RSV-A and B strains, especially in RSV-A ON1 and NA1 genotypes. Conclusions This study demonstrated the molecular epidemiological characteristics of RSV in patients with respiratory infections in southern China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Jiao Luo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Sun Yat-sen University - University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Infectious Disease Surveillance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xu-Bin Huang
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Hui-Ling Zhong
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China; Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Sun Yat-sen University - University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Infectious Disease Surveillance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Cong-Xiu Ye
- Department of Dermatovenereology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510630, China.
| | - Xin Tan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Kai Zhou
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Sun Yat-sen University - University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Infectious Disease Surveillance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Lei Yuan
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Sun Yat-sen University - University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Infectious Disease Surveillance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Su-Fen Zhang
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Sun Yat-sen University - University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Infectious Disease Surveillance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Xun Zhu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Sun Yat-sen University - University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Infectious Disease Surveillance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Cui-Ji Lin
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Sun Yat-sen University - University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Infectious Disease Surveillance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Wen-Jun Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Lin Xu
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Sun Yat-sen University - University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Infectious Disease Surveillance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
| | - Kai-Yuan Cao
- Department of Microbiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China; Sun Yat-sen University - University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory of Infectious Disease Surveillance, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510080, China.
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28
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Beugeling M, De Zee J, Woerdenbag HJ, Frijlink HW, Wilschut JC, Hinrichs WLJ. Respiratory syncytial virus subunit vaccines based on the viral envelope glycoproteins intended for pregnant women and the elderly. Expert Rev Vaccines 2019; 18:935-950. [PMID: 31446807 DOI: 10.1080/14760584.2019.1657013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Introduction: Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes high morbidity and mortality rates among infants, young children, and the elderly worldwide. Unfortunately, a safe and effective vaccine is still unavailable. In 1966, a formalin-inactivated RSV vaccine failed and resulted in the death of two young children. This failure shifted research toward the development of subunit-based vaccines for pregnant women (to passively vaccinate infants) and the elderly. Among these subunit-based vaccines, the viral envelope glycoproteins show great potential as antigens. Areas covered: In this review, progress in the development of safe and effective subunit RSV vaccines based on the viral envelope glycoproteins and intended for pregnant women and the elderly, are reviewed and discussed. Studies published in the period 2012-2018 were included. Expert opinion: Researchers are close to bringing safe and effective subunit-based RSV vaccines to the market using the viral envelope glycoproteins as antigens. However, it remains a major challenge to elicit protective immunity, with a formulation that has sufficient (storage) stability. These issues may be overcome by using the RSV fusion protein in its pre-fusion conformation, and by formulating this protein as a dry powder. It may further be convenient to administer this powder via the pulmonary route.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Beugeling
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jildou De Zee
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Herman J Woerdenbag
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Henderik W Frijlink
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Jan C Wilschut
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
| | - Wouter L J Hinrichs
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmacy, University of Groningen , Groningen , The Netherlands
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Kombe IK, Munywoki PK, Baguelin M, Nokes DJ, Medley GF. Model-based estimates of transmission of respiratory syncytial virus within households. Epidemics 2019; 27:1-11. [PMID: 30591267 PMCID: PMC6543068 DOI: 10.1016/j.epidem.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) causes a significant respiratory disease burden in the under 5 population. The transmission pathway to young children is not fully quantified in low-income settings, and this information is required to design interventions. METHODS We used an individual level transmission model to infer transmission parameters using data collected from 493 individuals distributed across 47 households over a period of 6 months spanning the 2009/2010 RSV season. A total of 208 episodes of RSV were observed from 179 individuals. We model competing transmission risk from within household exposure and community exposure while making a distinction between RSV groups A and B. RESULTS We find that 32-53% of all RSV transmissions are between members of the same household; the rate of pair-wise transmission is 58% (95% CrI: 30-74%) lower in larger households (≥8 occupants) than smaller households; symptomatic individuals are 2-7 times more infectious than asymptomatic individuals i.e. 2.48 (95% CrI: 1.22-5.57) among symptomatic individuals with low viral load and 6.7(95% CrI: 2.56-16) among symptomatic individuals with high viral load; previous infection reduces susceptibility to re-infection within the same epidemic by 47% (95% CrI: 17%-68%) for homologous RSV group and 39% (95%CrI: -8%-69%) for heterologous group; RSV B is more frequently introduced into the household, and RSV A is more rapidly transmitted once in the household. DISCUSSION Our analysis presents the first transmission modelling of cohort data for RSV and we find that it is important to consider the household social structuring and household size when modelling transmission. The increased infectiousness of symptomatic individuals implies that a vaccine against RSV related disease would also have an impact on infection transmission. Together, the weak cross immunity between RSV groups and the possibility of different transmission niches could form part of the explanation for the group co-existence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivy K Kombe
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, KEMRI Center for Geographical Medical Research-Coast, P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya; Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease and Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, UK.
| | - Patrick K Munywoki
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, KEMRI Center for Geographical Medical Research-Coast, P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Marc Baguelin
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease and Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
| | - D James Nokes
- KEMRI-Wellcome Trust Research Programme, KEMRI Center for Geographical Medical Research-Coast, P.O. Box 230-80108, Kilifi, Kenya; School of Life Sciences and Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology & Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research, University of Warwick, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK
| | - Graham F Medley
- Centre for Mathematical Modelling of Infectious Disease and Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, WC1H 9SH, UK
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Liang X, Liu DH, Chen D, Guo L, Yang H, Shi YS, Wang YJ, Wang WK, Xie ZP, Gao HC, Duan ZJ, Zhang RF. Gradual replacement of all previously circulating respiratory syncytial virus A strain with the novel ON1 genotype in Lanzhou from 2010 to 2017. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e15542. [PMID: 31083208 PMCID: PMC6531141 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000015542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
ON1 is a novel genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) subtype A, in children with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). However, there is not much data on the prevalence and clinical and molecular characterization in China.Our study is based on the children who had respiratory infections positive for RSV-A admitted by Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital in Lanzhou (northwestern China) during the last 7 epidemic seasons from 2010 to 2017.In our study, different strains of the novel RSV-A genotype ON1, first identified in Canada in December 2010, were first detected in Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital in August 2012 and then followed by an abrupt expansion in the number of ON1 variants in the beginning of 2014 and eventually replaced all other RSV-A strains from 2015 to 2017. ON1 is characterized by a 72-nt duplication in the C-terminal region of the highly variable attachment glycoprotein (G), predicted to lengthen the polypeptide with 24 amino acids, including a 23-aa duplication, which likely changes antigenicity. New N-glycosylation sites occurred within the 23-aa duplication and 24-aa insertion of the ON1 viruses in our study. Notably, RSV infections occurred later, but peaked sooner from the 2014/2015 to 2016/2017 epidemic seasons, compared with the previous 4 seasons.Our study concluded that genotype ON1 has caused larger outbreaks and became the predominate genotype for HRSV subgroup A in Lanzhou from 2013 to 2017, and became the sole genotype of RSV-A in 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. Our data indicate that northwest of China and the world will eventually be dominated by the ON1 RSV-A genotype, including the possibility for vaccine development. Based on trends seen in RSV-B BA genotype, which predominated for decades, there is a possibility to develop a vaccine for children in the next 10 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuan Liang
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou
| | - Dong-Hai Liu
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou
- Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou
| | - De Chen
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou
| | - Li Guo
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou
| | - Hui Yang
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou
| | - Yong-Sheng Shi
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou
| | - Yong-Jun Wang
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou
| | - Wei-Kai Wang
- Gansu Provincial Maternity and Child-care Hospital, Lanzhou
| | - Zhi-Ping Xie
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Han-Chun Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
| | - Zhao-Jun Duan
- State Key Laboratory for Molecular Virology and Genetic Engineering, National Institute for Viral Disease Control and Prevention, China CDC, Beijing, China
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Tognarelli EI, Bueno SM, González PA. Immune-Modulation by the Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Focus on Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2019; 10:810. [PMID: 31057543 PMCID: PMC6478035 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the leading cause of pneumonia in infants and produces a significant burden in the elderly. It can also infect and produce disease in otherwise healthy adults and recurrently infect those previously exposed to the virus. Importantly, recurrent infections are not necessarily a consequence of antigenic variability, as described for other respiratory viruses, but most likely due to the capacity of this virus to interfere with the host's immune response and the establishment of a protective and long-lasting immunity. Although some genes encoded by hRSV are known to have a direct participation in immune evasion, it seems that repeated infection is mainly given by its capacity to modulate immune components in such a way to promote non-optimal antiviral responses in the host. Importantly, hRSV is known to interfere with dendritic cell (DC) function, which are key cells involved in establishing and regulating protective virus-specific immunity. Notably, hRSV infects DCs, alters their maturation, migration to lymph nodes and their capacity to activate virus-specific T cells, which likely impacts the host antiviral response against this virus. Here, we review and discuss the most important and recent findings related to DC modulation by hRSV, which might be at the basis of recurrent infections in previously infected individuals and hRSV-induced disease. A focus on the interaction between DCs and hRSV will likely contribute to the development of effective prophylactic and antiviral strategies against this virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo I Tognarelli
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Susan M Bueno
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Pablo A González
- Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy, Departamento de Genética Molecular y Microbiología, Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
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Malekshahi SS, Razaghipour S, Samieipoor Y, Hashemi FB, Manesh AAR, Izadi A, Faghihloo E, Ghavami N, Mokhtari-Azad T, Salimi V. Molecular characterization of the glycoprotein and fusion protein in human respiratory syncytial virus subgroup A: Emergence of ON-1 genotype in Iran. INFECTION GENETICS AND EVOLUTION 2019; 71:166-178. [PMID: 30946992 DOI: 10.1016/j.meegid.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 03/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
HRSV is a principle cause of infant hospitalization, childhood wheezing and a common pathogen in the elderly. Limited information exists regarding HRSV genotypes in Iran. In order to better understand HRSV strain diversity, we performed an in-depth evaluation of the genetic variability of the HRSV F protein detected in children under two years of age that, presented with acute respiratory symptoms during 2015-2016 in Tehran. A total of 180 nasopharyngeal swabs were evaluated. The HRSV positive samples were genotyped for G and F gene sequences using RT-PCR and sequencing methods. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the neighbor-joining and maximum likelihood methods. Genetic and antigenic characteristics of the F gene, nucleotide and amino acids in significant positions and immune system binding regions, as well as the p-distance, positive/negative selection site, linear epitopes and glycosylation sites were investigated in all selected sequences. Among the 83 HRSV positive samples, the Fifty-five cases were successfully sequenced. All of them were classified as subgroup A and belonged to the ON-1 genotype, which possessed 72-nt duplication in the G gene. This study is the first report on the emergence of ON-1 in Iran. ON-1 Iranian sequences clustered in three lineages according to virus fusion (F) gene variations. F gene sequence analysis showed that all genetic changes in the isolates from Iran were base substitutions and no deletion/insertions were identified. The low dN/dS ratio and lack of positively selected sites showed that the fusion genes found in the strains from Iran are not under host selective pressure. Continuing and long-term molecular epidemiological surveys for early detection of circulating and newly emerging genotypes are necessary to gain a better understanding of their epidemic potential.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shaghayegh Razaghipour
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Yazdan Samieipoor
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad B Hashemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | | | - Anahita Izadi
- Bahrami Children Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Faghihloo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Ghavami
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Talat Mokhtari-Azad
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Salimi
- Virology Department, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Effects of Alterations to the CX3C Motif and Secreted Form of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) G Protein on Immune Responses to a Parainfluenza Virus Vector Expressing the RSV G Protein. J Virol 2019; 93:JVI.02043-18. [PMID: 30651356 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.02043-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major pediatric respiratory pathogen. The attachment (G) and fusion (F) glycoproteins are major neutralization and protective antigens. RSV G is expressed as membrane-anchored (mG) and -secreted (sG) forms, both containing a central fractalkine-like CX3C motif. The CX3C motif and sG are thought to interfere with host immune responses and have been suggested to be omitted from a vaccine. We used a chimeric bovine/human parainfluenza virus type 3 (rB/HPIV3) vector to express RSV wild-type (wt) G and modified forms, including sG alone, mG alone, mutants with ablated CX3C, and G with enhanced packaging into vector virions. In hamsters, these viruses replicated to similar titers. When assayed with a complement-enhanced neutralization assay in Vero cells, sG did not reduce the serum RSV- or PIV3-neutralizing antibody (NAb) responses, whereas ablating CX3C drastically reduced the RSV NAb response. Protective efficacy against RSV challenge was not reduced by sG but was strongly dependent on the CX3C motif. In ciliated human airway epithelial (HAE) cells, NAbs induced by wt G, but not by wt F, completely blocked RSV infection in the absence of added complement. This activity was dependent on the integrity of the CX3C motif. In hamsters, the rB/HPIV3 expressing wt G conferred better protection against RSV challenge than that expressing wt F. Codon optimization of the wt G further increased its immunogenicity and protective efficacy. This study showed that ablation of the CX3C motif or sG in an RSV vaccine, as has been suggested previously, would be ill advised.IMPORTANCE Human RSV is the leading viral cause of severe pediatric respiratory illness. An RSV vaccine is not yet available. The RSV attachment protein G is an important protective and neutralization antigen. G contains a conserved fractalkine-like CX3C motif and is expressed in mG and sG forms. sG and the CX3C motif are thought to interfere with host immune responses, but this remains poorly characterized. Here, we used an attenuated chimeric bovine/human parainfluenza virus type 3 (rB/HPIV3) vector to express various modified forms of RSV G. We demonstrated that strong antibody and protective responses could be induced by G alone, and that this was highly dependent on the integrity of the CX3C motif. There was no evidence that sG or the CX3C motif impaired immune responses against RSV G or the rB/HPIV3 vector. rB/HPIV3 expressing wt RSV G provides a bivalent vaccine against RSV and HPIV3.
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Otieno JR, Kamau EM, Oketch JW, Ngoi JM, Gichuki AM, Binter Š, Otieno GP, Ngama M, Agoti CN, Cane PA, Kellam P, Cotten M, Lemey P, Nokes DJ. Whole genome analysis of local Kenyan and global sequences unravels the epidemiological and molecular evolutionary dynamics of RSV genotype ON1 strains. Virus Evol 2018; 4:vey027. [PMID: 30271623 PMCID: PMC6153471 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vey027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) group A variant with the 72-nucleotide duplication in the G gene, genotype ON1, was first detected in Kilifi in 2012 and has almost completely replaced circulating genotype GA2 strains. This replacement suggests some fitness advantage of ON1 over the GA2 viruses in Kilifi, and might be accompanied by important genomic substitutions in ON1 viruses. Close observation of such a new virus genotype introduction over time provides an opportunity to better understand the transmission and evolutionary dynamics of the pathogen. We have generated and analysed 184 RSV-A whole-genome sequences (WGSs) from Kilifi (Kenya) collected between 2011 and 2016, the first ON1 genomes from Africa and the largest collection globally from a single location. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that RSV-A circulation in this coastal Kenya location is characterized by multiple introductions of viral lineages from diverse origins but with varied success in local transmission. We identified signature amino acid substitutions between ON1 and GA2 viruses’ surface proteins (G and F), polymerase (L), and matrix M2-1 proteins, some of which were positively selected, and thereby provide an enhanced picture of RSV-A diversity. Furthermore, five of the eleven RSV open reading frames (ORFs) (G, F, L, N, and P) formed distinct phylogenetic clusters for the two genotypes. This might suggest that coding regions outside of the most frequently studied G ORF also play a role in the adaptation of RSV to host populations, with the alternative possibility that some of the substitutions are neutral and provide no selective advantage. Our analysis provides insight into the epidemiological processes that define RSV spread, highlights the genetic substitutions that characterize emerging strains, and demonstrates the utility of large-scale WGS in molecular epidemiological studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Otieno
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, 80108 Kilifi, Kenya
| | - E M Kamau
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, 80108 Kilifi, Kenya
| | - J W Oketch
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, 80108 Kilifi, Kenya
| | - J M Ngoi
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, 80108 Kilifi, Kenya
| | - A M Gichuki
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, 80108 Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Š Binter
- Virus Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge,UK.,Kymab Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK
| | - G P Otieno
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, 80108 Kilifi, Kenya
| | - M Ngama
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, 80108 Kilifi, Kenya
| | - C N Agoti
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, 80108 Kilifi, Kenya.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - P A Cane
- High Containment Microbiology, Public Health England, Salisbury, UK
| | - P Kellam
- Kymab Ltd., Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, UK.,Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - M Cotten
- Virus Genomics, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridge,UK.,Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P Lemey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - D J Nokes
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Programme, P.O. Box 230, 80108 Kilifi, Kenya.,School of Life Sciences and Zeeman Institute for Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiology Research (SBIDER), University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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Li X, Huang F, Xu X, Hu S. Polyclonal Rabbit Anti-Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Globulins Induce Cancer Cells Apoptosis and Inhibit Tumor Growth. Int J Biol Sci 2018; 14:1621-1629. [PMID: 30416376 PMCID: PMC6216025 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.26520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/18/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) constitute a major component of the tumor microenvironment. CAFs regulated the growth and development, invasion and metastasis of primary tumors, as well as response to treatment. Recent studies indicated that monoclonal antibody therapies had limited success, thus more effective polyclonal antibodies (Poly Abs) is urgently needed. Poly Abs is a possible alternative because they target multiple antigens simultaneously. In this report, we prepared Poly Abs by immunizing rabbits with the bFGF-activated fibroblasts. The Poly Abs inhibited the cancer cells proliferation as revealed by MTT analysis. The Poly Abs induced apoptosis as indicated by flow cytometric analysis, and microscopic observation of apoptotic changes in morphology. Compared with the control IgG, Poly Abs significantly inhibited tumor cells migration as indicated by wound healing and transwell analysis in vitro, and lung metastasis analysis in vivo. Serial intravenous injections of Poly Abs inhibited tumor growth in mice bearing murine CT26 colon carcinoma. Ki67 analysis indicated that Poly Abs significantly inhibited tumor cells proliferation, as compared to control Ig G treatments. Our findings suggested that Poly Abs was an effective agent for apoptosis induction, migration and metastasis inhibition. The Poly Abs may be useful as a safe anticancer agent for cancer immunotherapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiuying Li
- Medical Faculty, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming, China
| | - Fengchang Huang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences & College of Chinese Medicine, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Shuenqin Hu
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, the First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming, Medical University, Kunming, China
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Ruzin A, Pastula ST, Levin-Sparenberg E, Jiang X, Fryzek J, Tovchigrechko A, Lu B, Qi Y, Liu H, Jin H, Yu L, Hackett J, Villafana T, Esser MT. Characterization of circulating RSV strains among subjects in the OUTSMART-RSV surveillance program during the 2016-17 winter viral season in the United States. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0200319. [PMID: 30040837 PMCID: PMC6057637 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0200319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an established cause of serious lower respiratory disease in infants, elderly and high-risk populations. The OUTSMART surveillance program aims to characterize patient populations and currently circulating RSV strains, and monitor temporal and geographic evolution of RSV F and G proteins in the U.S. Methods The OUTSMART 2016–17 study collected RSV-positive samples from 25 RSVAlert® laboratories from 4 U.S. regions and Puerto Rico during November 2016 through March 2017. Frequencies of A and B subtypes and genotypes were determined for several demographic and geographic variables. To gauge the representativeness of the OUTSMART patients, results were compared to discharge data from the NEDS and NIS databases. Results A total of 1,041 RSV-positive samples with associated demographic data were obtained and the RSV F gene and second variable region of the G gene were sequenced. The majority of samples (76.0%) came from children under 2 years old: <1 year (48.4%), 1–2 years (27.6%). The OUTSMART patient sample was similar to NEDS and NIS for age, gender, and geographic location. Both OUTSMART and national RSV cases peaked in January. Of OUTSMART samples, 45.3% were subtype A, 53.7% were subtype B and 1.0% were mixed A and B. The percentage of RSV B cases increased with increasing age. Hospitalization (length of hospital stay, LOS, >24 hrs) occurred in 29.0% of patients of which 52.0% had RSV B. Outpatients (LOS <24 hrs) were 64.4% of total of which 73.3% were diagnosed in the ER and discharged, while only 6% were diagnosed in other outpatient settings. Conclusions The OUTSMART 2016–17 study was representative of the U.S. RSV experience. Geographic and temporal information from the RSV surveillance program will be used to establish a molecular baseline of RSV F and G sequence variability and to help inform development of novel agents for RSV prophylaxis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey Ruzin
- AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Susan T. Pastula
- Epidstat Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Xiaohui Jiang
- Epidstat Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | - Jon Fryzek
- Epidstat Institute, Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States of America
| | | | - Bin Lu
- AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Yanping Qi
- AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Hui Liu
- AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Hong Jin
- AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Mountain View, California, United States of America
| | - Li Yu
- AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Judith Hackett
- AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Tonya Villafana
- AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mark T. Esser
- AstraZeneca/MedImmune, Gaithersburg, Maryland, United States of America
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Madi N, Chehadeh W, Asadzadeh M, Al-Turab M, Al-Adwani A. Analysis of genetic variability of respiratory syncytial virus groups A and B in Kuwait. Arch Virol 2018; 163:2405-2413. [PMID: 29777370 PMCID: PMC7087269 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-018-3881-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most frequently identified viral agent in infants, children, and elderly people with acute respiratory tract infections (ARTIs). This study is the only one of its kind in Kuwait, and its purpose was to investigate the genetic variability of the G protein gene in RSV strains prevalent in Kuwait. Respiratory samples were collected from patients with ARTIs in various hospitals in Kuwait and subjected to reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) amplifying a fragment of the G gene of RSV. A total of 305 samples were collected between January and mid-December 2016, and 77 (25.2%) were positive for RSV. Group A viruses were predominant over group B viruses; the RSV-A group was detected in 52 (67.5%) of the positive samples, while the RSV-B group was detected in 25 (32.5%) of the positive samples. Phylogenetic analysis showed that all RSV-A strains grouped into eight clusters of identical sequences of untyped strains. Twelve RSV-B strains, on the other hand, belonged to the RSV-B/BA10 genotype, while the rest were untyped. These data suggest that new and untyped strains of RSV-A group likely predominated in Kuwait and that the BA10 genotype of the RSV-B group became the dominant genotype in the 2016 season.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nada Madi
- Virology Unit, Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait City, Kuwait.
| | - Wassim Chehadeh
- Virology Unit, Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mohammed Asadzadeh
- Virology Unit, Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Mariam Al-Turab
- Virology Unit, Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Anfal Al-Adwani
- Virology Unit, Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, P.O. Box 24923, Safat, 13110, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Otieno JR, Kamau EM, Agoti CN, Lewa C, Otieno G, Bett A, Ngama M, Cane PA, Nokes DJ. Spread and Evolution of Respiratory Syncytial Virus A Genotype ON1, Coastal Kenya, 2010-2015. Emerg Infect Dis 2018; 23:264-271. [PMID: 28098528 PMCID: PMC5324789 DOI: 10.3201/eid2302.161149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In February 2012, the novel respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) group A, genotype ON1, was detected in Kilifi County, coastal Kenya. ON1 is characterized by a 72-nt duplication within the highly variable G gene (encoding the immunogenic attachment surface protein). Cases were diagnosed through surveillance of pneumonia in children at the county hospital. Analysis of epidemiologic, clinical, and sequence data of RSV-A viruses detected over 5 RSV seasons (2010/2011 to 2014/2015) indicated the following: 1) replacement of previously circulating genotype GA2 ON1, 2) an abrupt expansion in the number of ON1 variants detected in the 2014/2015 epidemic, 3) recently accumulation of amino acid substitutions within the ON1 duplicated sequence, and 4) no clear evidence of altered pathogenicity relative to GA2. The study demonstrates the public health importance of molecular surveillance in defining the spread, clinical effects, and evolution of novel respiratory virus variants.
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39
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Pangesti KNA, Abd El Ghany M, Walsh MG, Kesson AM, Hill-Cawthorne GA. Molecular epidemiology of respiratory syncytial virus. Rev Med Virol 2018; 28. [PMID: 29377415 DOI: 10.1002/rmv.1968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a major cause of viral acute respiratory tract infections in young children. The virus is characterised by distinct seasonality that is dependent upon the latitude and its ability to cause reinfection. Respiratory syncytial virus demonstrates a complex molecular epidemiology pattern as multiple strains and/or genotypes cocirculate during a single epidemic. Previous studies have investigated the relationship between RSV genetic diversity, reinfection, and clinical features. Here, we review the evidence behind this relationship together with the impact that the advancement of whole genome sequencing will have upon our understanding and the need for reconsidering the classification of RSV genotypes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Moataz Abd El Ghany
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Michael G Walsh
- Westmead Institute for Medical Research, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Alison M Kesson
- Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, The Children's Hospital at Westmead, Sydney, Australia
| | - Grant A Hill-Cawthorne
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.,Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, The University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
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40
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Dadashi M, Goudarzi H, Owlia P, Faghihloo E. Prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus in Iran: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Future Virol 2018. [DOI: 10.2217/fvl-2017-0055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Aim: We sought to determine the prevalence of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) in people in Iran between the year 1996 and 2016. Methods: Prevalence of HRSV in Iran was determined from 1996 to 2016 using data from PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, Google Scholar and Iranian databases. Analysis was performed by Comprehensive Meta-Analysis software. Result: The prevalence of HRSV infections was 18.0% (95% CI: 14.6–22.0) in people in different regions of Iran. Additionally, the incidence of HRSV in north, center, west and south of Iran were 16.4% (95% CI: 11.8–22.4), 20.0% (95% CI: 15.5–25.5), 16.8% (95% CI: 10.0–27.0) and 10.6% (95% CI: 2.4–36.9), respectively. Conclusion: According to the high prevalence of HRSV infection among people with respiratory infections in Iran, HRSV screening and evaluating of co-circulate HRSV genotypes can be helpful for vaccination design in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masoud Dadashi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Goudarzi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parviz Owlia
- Molecular Microbiology Research Center, Shahed University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ebrahim Faghihloo
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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41
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Bayrakdar F, Kocabas CN, Altas AB, Kavuncuoglu HG, Cosgun Y, Mısırlıoglu ED, Durmaz I, Korukluoglu G, Ozkul A. Genetic variability human respiratory syncytial virus subgroups A and B in Turkey during six successive epidemic seasons, 2009-2015. J Med Virol 2017; 90:456-463. [PMID: 29077212 PMCID: PMC7166824 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is most important viral respiratory pathogen of acute lower respiratory tract infections in infants and young children worldwide. The circulating pattern and genetic characteristics in the HRSV attachment glycoprotein gene were investigated in Turkey during six consecutive seasons from 2009 to 2015. HRSVA was dominant in the all epidemic seasons except 2011‐2012 season. Partial sequences of the HVR2 region of the G gene of 479 HRSVA and 135 HRSVB were obtained. Most Turkish strains belonged to NA1, ON1, and BA9, which were the predominant genotypes circulating worldwide. Although three novel genotypes, TR‐A, TR‐BA1, and TR‐BA2, were identified, they were not predominant. Clinical data were available for 69 HRSV‐positive patients who were monitored due to acute lower respiratory tract illness. There were no significant differences in the clinical diagnosis, hospitalization rates, laboratory findings and treatment observed between the HRSVA and HRSVB groups, and co‐infections in this study. The major population afflicted by HRSV infections included infants and children between 13 and 24 months of age. We detected that the CB1, GB5, and THB strains clustered in the same branch with a bootstrap value of 100%. CB‐B and BA12 strains clustered in the same branch with a bootstrap value of 65%. The BA11 genotype was clustered in the BA9 genotype in our study. The present study may contribute on the molecular epidemiology of HRSV in Turkey and provide data for HRSV strains circulating in local communities and other regions worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatma Bayrakdar
- Virology Reference and Research Laboratory, Public Health Institutions of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Can Naci Kocabas
- Pediatric Immunology and Allergy Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Koçman Universty, Muğla, Turkey
| | - Ayse Basak Altas
- Virology Reference and Research Laboratory, Public Health Institutions of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - H Gokhan Kavuncuoglu
- Virology Reference and Research Laboratory, Public Health Institutions of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Yasemin Cosgun
- Virology Reference and Research Laboratory, Public Health Institutions of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Emine Dibek Mısırlıoglu
- Department of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, Ankara Children's Hematology Oncology Training and Research Hospital, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Ihsan Durmaz
- Virology Reference and Research Laboratory, Public Health Institutions of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Gulay Korukluoglu
- Virology Reference and Research Laboratory, Public Health Institutions of Turkey, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Aykut Ozkul
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Virology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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42
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Korsun N, Angelova S, Tzotcheva I, Georgieva I, Lazova S, Parina S, Alexiev I, Perenovska P. Prevalence and genetic characterisation of respiratory syncytial viruses circulating in Bulgaria during the 2014/15 and 2015/16 winter seasons. Pathog Glob Health 2017; 111:351-361. [PMID: 28948867 DOI: 10.1080/20477724.2017.1375708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is a leading cause of acute respiratory illnesses (ARI) in infants and young children. The objectives of this study were to investigate the RSV circulation among children aged <5 years in Bulgaria, to identify the RSV-A and RSV-B genotypes and to perform an amino acid sequence analysis of second hypervariable region (HVR2) of the G gene. During the 2014/15 and 2015/16 winter seasons, nasopharyngeal specimens of 610 children aged <5 years with ARI were tested using Real Time RT-PCR for influenza viruses, RSV, metapneumovirus, parainfluenza viruses, rhinoviruses and adenoviruses. Viral respiratory pathogens were detected in 429 (70%) out of 610 patients examined and RSV was the most frequently identified virus (26%) followed by influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus (14%) (p < .05). RSV was the most prevalent pathogen in patients with bronchiolitis (48%) and pneumonia (38%). In the 2014/15 season, RSV-A dominated slightly (53%), while in the next season RSV-B viruses prevailed more strongly (66%). The phylogenetic analysis based on the G gene indicated that all 21 studied RSV-A strains belonged to the ON1 genotype; the vast majority (96%) of the RSV-B strains were classified into BA9 genotype and only one - into BA10 genotype. All Bulgarian RSV-A and RSV-B sequences contained a 72-nt and a 60-nt duplication in the HVR2, respectively. The study showed the leading role of this pathogen as a causative agent of serious respiratory illnesses in early childhood, year-on-year fluctuations in RSV incidence, a shift from RSV-A to RSV-B subgroup dominance and relatively low genetic divergence in the circulating strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neli Korsun
- a Department of Virology , National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Svetla Angelova
- a Department of Virology , National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Iren Tzotcheva
- b Paediatric clinic , University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Irina Georgieva
- a Department of Virology , National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Snezhina Lazova
- b Paediatric clinic , University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Snezhana Parina
- b Paediatric clinic , University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Ivaylo Alexiev
- a Department of Virology , National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases , Sofia , Bulgaria
| | - Penka Perenovska
- b Paediatric clinic , University Hospital Alexandrovska, Medical University , Sofia , Bulgaria
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43
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Patil SL, Balakrishnan A. Genetic characterization respiratory syncytial virus in Kerala, the southern part of India. J Med Virol 2017; 89:2092-2097. [PMID: 28464224 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is an important cause of acute lower respiratory tract infection (ALRI) in infants and young children globally. RSV presents two antigenic groups RSV-A and -B. Genetic variability is also very high within each group. RSV circulation varies year to year and even varies among different regions. Data on circulatory pattern of RSV are available from other parts of India except Kerala. The aim of the study was to generate data about groups and genotypes of circulating RSV in Kerala. In this study, RSV positive samples received during January, 2012 to December, 2014 were used for genetic characterization. The samples were tested by using nucleocapsid (N) gene-based conventional multiplex reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) to identify the RSV group. Genotyping was done by nucleotide sequencing of the C-terminal region of the glycoprotein (G) gene. Out of the 130 patient samples tested, 49 samples were positive for RSV. Among the positive samples, 32 belong to the RSV-A and 17 belong to RSV-B virus. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that all RSV-A sequences (n = 22) belonged to NA1 genotype and five of the sequences showed the novel 72 nucleotide duplication and clustered into the newly designated ON1 genotype. All RSV-B sequences (n = 17) were clustered into the BA (BA9 and 10) genotype. From this study, we concluded both RSV-A and -B were co-circulated in Kerala and RSV-A was observed predominantly in 2012 and RSV-B in 2014. As per our best of knowledge, BA10 genotype is first observed in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Savita L Patil
- BSL-4 Laboratory, Microbial Containment Complex, National Institute of Virology, Pashan, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anukumar Balakrishnan
- National Institute of Virology Kerala Unit, Govt. T.D. Medical College Hospital, Vandanam, Alappuzha, Kerala, India
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44
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Emergence of ON1 genotype of human respiratory syncytial virus subgroup A in China between 2011 and 2015. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5501. [PMID: 28710393 PMCID: PMC5511225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04824-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A molecular epidemiological study of human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) was conducted to examine the distribution of its subgroups and genotypes, as well as to identify its transmission pattern in China. A total of 705 samples collected from 9 provinces in China between January 2008 and February 2015 were identified as HRSV-positive and were subsequently sequenced. Of these, 336 samples were HRSV subgroup A (HRSVA), 368 samples were HRSV subgroup B (HRSVB), and 1 sample contained both HRSVA and HRSVB. These 705 HRSV sequences, together with 766 HRSV sequences downloaded from GenBank, were analyzed to understand the recent circulation patterns of HRSV in China. HRSVB predominated in the 2008/2009 and 2009/2010 seasons, whereas HRSVA predominated in the 2010/2011 and 2011/2012 seasons; HRSVA and HRSVB co-circulated during 2012/2013 and 2014/2015. Phylogenetic analysis showed most of the HRSVA sequences clustered into 2 genotypes, namely, NA1 and ON1. The ON1 genotype was first detected in China in 2011, and it quickly replaced the NA1 genotype to become the most prevalent HRSVA genotype circulating in China between 2013 and 2015. Continuous epidemiological surveillance and molecular characterization of HRSV should be conducted to monitor the evolution of HRSV in China.
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45
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Smith RJ, Hogan AB, Mercer GN. Unexpected Infection Spikes in a Model of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccination. Vaccines (Basel) 2017; 5:E12. [PMID: 28524109 PMCID: PMC5492009 DOI: 10.3390/vaccines5020012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) is an acute respiratory infection that infects millions of children and infants worldwide. Recent research has shown promise for the development of a vaccine, with a range of vaccine types now in clinical trials or preclinical development. We extend an existing mathematical model with seasonal transmission to include vaccination. We model vaccination both as a continuous process, applying the vaccine during pregnancy, and as a discrete one, using impulsive differential equations, applying pulse vaccination. We develop conditions for the stability of the disease-free equilibrium and show that this equilibrium can be destabilised under certain extreme conditions, even with 100% coverage using an (unrealistic) vaccine. Using impulsive differential equations and introducing a new quantity, the impulsive reproduction number, we showed that eradication could be acheived with 75% coverage, while 50% coverage resulted in low-level oscillations. A vaccine that targets RSV infection has the potential to significantly reduce the overall prevalence of the disease, but appropriate coverage is critical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Smith
- Department of Mathematics and Faculty of Medicine, The University of Ottawa, 585 King Edward Ave, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada.
| | - Alexandra B Hogan
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, St Mary's Campus, London W2 1PG, UK and Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia.
| | - Geoffry N Mercer
- Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia.
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46
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Agoti CN, Munywoki PK, Phan MVT, Otieno JR, Kamau E, Bett A, Kombe I, Githinji G, Medley GF, Cane PA, Kellam P, Cotten M, Nokes DJ. Transmission patterns and evolution of respiratory syncytial virus in a community outbreak identified by genomic analysis. Virus Evol 2017; 3:vex006. [PMID: 28458916 PMCID: PMC5399923 DOI: 10.1093/ve/vex006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Detailed information on the source, spread and evolution of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) during seasonal community outbreaks remains sparse. Molecular analyses of attachment (G) gene sequences from hospitalized cases suggest that multiple genotypes and variants co-circulate during epidemics and that RSV persistence over successive seasons is characterized by replacement and multiple new introductions of variants. No studies have defined the patterns of introduction, spread and evolution of RSV at the local community and household level. We present a whole genome sequence analysis of 131 RSV group A viruses collected during 6-month household-based RSV infection surveillance in Coastal Kenya, 2010 within an area of 12 km2. RSV infections were identified by regular symptom-independent screening of all household members twice weekly. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the RSV A viruses in nine households were closely related to genotype GA2 and fell within a single branch of the global phylogeny. Genomic analysis allowed the detection of household-specific variation in seven households. For comparison, using only G gene analysis, household-specific variation was found only in one of the nine households. Nucleotide changes were observed both intra-host (viruses identified from same individual in follow-up sampling) and inter-host (viruses identified from different household members) and these coupled with sampling dates enabled a partial reconstruction of the within household transmission chains. The genomic evolutionary rate for the household dataset was estimated as 2.307 × 10 − 3 (95% highest posterior density: 0.935–4.165× 10 − 3) substitutions/site/year. We conclude that (i) at the household level, most RSV infections arise from the introduction of a single virus variant followed by accumulation of household specific variation and (ii) analysis of complete virus genomes is crucial to better understand viral transmission in the community. A key question arising is whether prevention of RSV introduction or spread within the household by vaccinating key transmitting household members would lead to a reduced onward community-wide transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Agoti
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Collaborative Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.,School of Health and Human Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Patrick K Munywoki
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Collaborative Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.,School of Health and Human Sciences, Pwani University, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - My V T Phan
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.,Virosciences Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James R Otieno
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Collaborative Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Everlyn Kamau
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Collaborative Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Anne Bett
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Collaborative Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Ivy Kombe
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Collaborative Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - George Githinji
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Collaborative Programme, Kilifi, Kenya
| | - Graham F Medley
- Department of Global Health and Development, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Patricia A Cane
- Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, London, UK
| | - Paul Kellam
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunity, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Matthew Cotten
- The Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Cambridge, UK.,Virosciences Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - D James Nokes
- Epidemiology and Demography Department, Kenya Medical Research Institute (KEMRI) - Wellcome Trust Research Collaborative Programme, Kilifi, Kenya.,School of Life Sciences and WIDER, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
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47
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Durigon EL, Botosso VF, de Oliveira DBL. Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Biology, Epidemiology, and Control. HUMAN VIROLOGY IN LATIN AMERICA 2017. [PMCID: PMC7121549 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-54567-7_12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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48
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Liu W, Chen D, Tan W, Xu D, Qiu S, Zeng Z, Li X, Zhou R. Epidemiology and Clinical Presentations of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroups A and B Detected with Multiplex Real-Time PCR. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0165108. [PMID: 27764220 PMCID: PMC5072546 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0165108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most important pathogenic infections of children and requires in-depth research worldwide, and especially in developing countries. We used a novel multiplex real-time PCR to test 5483 patients (≤ 14 years old) hospitalized with respiratory illness in Guangzhou, China, over a 3-year period. Of these patients, 729 were positive for RSV-A (51.2%, 373/729) or RSV-B (48.8%, 356/729), but none was infected with both viruses. Two seasonal peaks in total RSV were detected at the changes from winter to spring and from summer to autumn. RSV-B was dominant in 2013 and RSV-A in 2015, whereas RSV-A and RSV-B cocirculated in 2014. The clinical presentations of 645 RSV-positive patients were analyzed. Bronchiolitis, dyspnea, coryza, vomiting, poor appetite, and diarrhea occurred more frequently in RSV-A-positive than RSV-B-positive patients, whereas chill, headache, myalgia, debility, and rash etc. were more frequent in RSV-B-positive than RSV-A-positive patients, suggesting specific clinical characteristics for RSV-A and RSV-B. Coinfectons with other pathogens were common and diverse. Bronchiolitis, fever (≥ 38°C), and poor appetite were more frequent in patients with single RSV infections than in coinfected patients, suggesting the key pathogenic activity of RSV. Analysis of the relationships between the comparative viral load and clinical presentations showed significant differences in bronchiolitis, fever (≥ 38°C), and rash etc. among patients with different viral loads. This study provides a novel rapid method for detecting RSV subgroups, and provides new insights into the epidemiology and clinical implications of RSV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenkuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Dehui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Weiping Tan
- Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Duo Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Shuyan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiqi Zeng
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Rong Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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49
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Structural, antigenic and immunogenic features of respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins relevant for vaccine development. Vaccine 2016; 35:461-468. [PMID: 27692522 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2016.09.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2016] [Accepted: 09/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Extraordinary progress in the structure and immunobiology of the human respiratory syncytial virus glycoproteins has been accomplished during the last few years. Determination of the fusion (F) glycoprotein structure folded in either the prefusion or the postfusion conformation was an inspiring breakthrough not only to understand the structural changes associated with the membrane fusion process but additionally to appreciate the antigenic intricacies of the F protein. Furthermore, these developments have opened new avenues for structure-based designs of promising hRSV vaccine candidates. Finally, recent advances in our knowledge of the attachment (G) glycoprotein and its interaction with cell-surface receptors have revitalized interest in this molecule as a vaccine, as well as its role in hRSV immunobiology.
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50
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Zheng Y, Liu L, Wang S, Li Z, Hou M, Li J, Yu XF, Zhang W, Hua S. Prevailing genotype distribution and characteristics of human respiratory syncytial virus in northeastern China. J Med Virol 2016; 89:222-233. [PMID: 27448044 PMCID: PMC5157725 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.24640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Although human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common viruses inducing respiratory tract infections in young children and the elderly, the genotype distribution and characteristics of RSV in northeastern China have not been investigated. Here, we identified 25 RSV‐A and 8 RSV‐B strains from 80 samples of patients with respiratory infections between February 2015 and May 2015. All 25 RSV‐A viruses were classified as the ON1 genotype, which rapidly spread and became the dominant genotype in the world since being identified in Ontario (Canada) in December 2010. All eight RSV‐B viruses belonged to the BA genotype with a 60‐nucleotide duplication, seven of which formed two new genotypes, BA‐CCA and BA‐CCB. The remaining RSV‐B virus clustered with one of the Hangzhou strains belonging to genotype BA11. Construction of a phylogenetic tree and amino acid substitution analysis showed that Changchun ON1 viruses exclusively constituted Lineages 3, 5 and 6, and contained several unique and newly identified amino acid substitutions, including E224G, R244K, L289I, Y297H, and L298P. Selective pressure was also evaluated, and various N and O‐glycosylation sites were predicted. This study provides the first genetic analysis of RSV in northeastern China and may facilitate a better understanding of the evolution of this virus locally and globally. J. Med. Virol. 89:222–233, 2017. © 2016 The Authors. Journal of Medical Virology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Zheng
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Li Liu
- Department of Pediatric Respiratory Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Zhaolong Li
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Min Hou
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Jingliang Li
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Xiao-Fang Yu
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Wenyan Zhang
- Institute of Virology and AIDS Research, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
| | - Shucheng Hua
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin Province, China
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