1
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Takei H, Nakada T, Leong LW, Ito A, Hanada K, Maeda H, Sohail MS, Tomiyasu K, Sakamoto O, Naono N, Taniguchi M. Immunological assay using a solid-state pore with a low limit of detection. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16686. [PMID: 39030274 PMCID: PMC11271571 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Emerging infectious diseases, cancer, and other diseases are quickly tested mainly via immune reactions based on specific molecular recognition between antigens and antibodies. By changing the diameter of solid-state pores, biomolecules of various sizes can be rapidly detected at the single-molecule level. The combination of immunoreactions and solid-state pores paves the way for an efficient testing method with high specificity and sensitivity. The challenge in developing this method is achieving quantitative analysis using solid-state pores. Here, we demonstrate a method with a low limit of detection for testing tumor markers using a combination of immunoreactions and solid-state pore technology. Quantitative analysis of the mixing ratio of two and three beads with different diameters was achieved with an error rate of up to 4.7%. The hybrid solid-state pore and immunoreaction methods with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and anti-PSA antibody-modified beads achieved a detection limit of 24.9 fM PSA in 30 min. The hybrid solid-state pore and immunoreaction enabled the rapid development of easy-to-use tests with lower limit of detection and greater throughput than commercially available immunoassay for point-of-care testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyasu Takei
- Aipore Inc., 26-1 Sakuragaokacho, Shibuya, Tokyo, 150-8512, Japan
| | - Tomoko Nakada
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Lat Wai Leong
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan
| | - Atsuki Ito
- Aipore Inc., 26-1 Sakuragaokacho, Shibuya, Tokyo, 150-8512, Japan
| | - Kakeru Hanada
- Aipore Inc., 26-1 Sakuragaokacho, Shibuya, Tokyo, 150-8512, Japan
| | - Hinako Maeda
- Aipore Inc., 26-1 Sakuragaokacho, Shibuya, Tokyo, 150-8512, Japan
| | | | | | - Osamu Sakamoto
- Aipore Inc., 26-1 Sakuragaokacho, Shibuya, Tokyo, 150-8512, Japan
| | - Norihiko Naono
- Aipore Inc., 26-1 Sakuragaokacho, Shibuya, Tokyo, 150-8512, Japan
| | - Masateru Taniguchi
- SANKEN, Osaka University, 8-1 Mihogaoka, Ibaraki, Osaka, 567-0047, Japan.
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2
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Moghassemi S, Dadashzadeh A, Sousa MJ, Vlieghe H, Yang J, León-Félix CM, Amorim CA. Extracellular vesicles in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine: A review over the last decade. Bioact Mater 2024; 36:126-156. [PMID: 38450204 PMCID: PMC10915394 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioactmat.2024.02.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) are known to be secreted by a vast majority of cells. These sEVs, specifically exosomes, induce specific cell-to-cell interactions and can activate signaling pathways in recipient cells through fusion or interaction. These nanovesicles possess several desirable properties, making them ideal for regenerative medicine and nanomedicine applications. These properties include exceptional stability, biocompatibility, wide biodistribution, and minimal immunogenicity. However, the practical utilization of sEVs, particularly in clinical settings and at a large scale, is hindered by the expensive procedures required for their isolation, limited circulation lifetime, and suboptimal targeting capacity. Despite these challenges, sEVs have demonstrated a remarkable ability to accommodate various cargoes and have found extensive applications in the biomedical sciences. To overcome the limitations of sEVs and broaden their potential applications, researchers should strive to deepen their understanding of current isolation, loading, and characterization techniques. Additionally, acquiring fundamental knowledge about sEVs origins and employing state-of-the-art methodologies in nanomedicine and regenerative medicine can expand the sEVs research scope. This review provides a comprehensive overview of state-of-the-art exosome-based strategies in diverse nanomedicine domains, encompassing cancer therapy, immunotherapy, and biomarker applications. Furthermore, we emphasize the immense potential of exosomes in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeid Moghassemi
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Arezoo Dadashzadeh
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Maria João Sousa
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hanne Vlieghe
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jie Yang
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Cecibel María León-Félix
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Christiani A. Amorim
- Pôle de Recherche en Physiopathologie de La Reproduction, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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3
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Nogueira SS, Samaridou E, Simon J, Frank S, Beck-Broichsitter M, Mehta A. Analytical techniques for the characterization of nanoparticles for mRNA delivery. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2024; 198:114235. [PMID: 38401742 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2024.114235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/26/2024]
Abstract
Nanotechnology-assisted RNA delivery has gotten a tremendous boost over the last decade and made a significant impact in the development of life-changing vaccines and therapeutics. With increasing numbers of emerging lipid- and polymer-based RNA nanoparticles progressing towards the clinic, it has become apparent that the safety and efficacy of these medications depend on the comprehensive understanding of their critical quality attributes (CQAs). However, despite the rapid advancements in the field, the identification and reliable quantification of CQAs remain a significant challenge. To support these efforts, this review aims to summarize the present knowledge on CQAs based on the regulatory guidelines and to provide insights into the available analytical characterization techniques for RNA-loaded nanoparticles. In this context, routine and emerging analytical techniques are categorized and discussed, focusing on the operation principle, strengths, and potential limitations. Furthermore, the importance of complementary and orthogonal techniques for the measurement of CQAs is discussed in order to ensure the quality and consistency of analytical methods used, and address potential technique-based differences.
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4
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Confederat S, Lee S, Vang D, Soulias D, Marcuccio F, Peace TI, Edwards MA, Strobbia P, Samanta D, Wälti C, Actis P. Next-Generation Nanopore Sensors Based on Conductive Pulse Sensing for Enhanced Detection of Nanoparticles. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305186. [PMID: 37649152 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
Nanopore sensing has been successfully used to characterize biological molecules with single-molecule resolution based on the resistive pulse sensing approach. However, its use in nanoparticle characterization has been constrained by the need to tailor the nanopore aperture size to the size of the analyte, precluding the analysis of heterogeneous samples. Additionally, nanopore sensors often require the use of high salt concentrations to improve the signal-to-noise ratio, which further limits their ability to study a wide range of nanoparticles that are unstable at high ionic strength. Here, a new paradigm in nanopore research that takes advantage of a polymer electrolyte system to comprise a conductive pulse sensing approach is presented. A finite element model is developed to explain the conductive pulse signals observed and compare these results with experiments. This system enables the analytical characterization of heterogeneous nanoparticle mixtures at low ionic strength . Furthermore, the wide applicability of the method is demonstrated by characterizing metallic nanospheres of varied sizes, plasmonic nanostars with various degrees of branching, and protein-based spherical nucleic acids with different oligonucleotide loadings. This system will complement the toolbox of nanomaterials characterization techniques to enable real-time optimization workflow for engineering a wide range of nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Confederat
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Seungheon Lee
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Der Vang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Dimitrios Soulias
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- Physical and Theoretical Chemistry Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, OX1 3QZ, Oxford, UK
| | - Fabio Marcuccio
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, London, UK
| | - Timotheus I Peace
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Molecular and Cellular Biology and Astbury Centre for Structural Molecular Biology, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Martin Andrew Edwards
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA
| | - Pietro Strobbia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA
| | - Devleena Samanta
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Christoph Wälti
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
| | - Paolo Actis
- Bragg Centre for Materials Research, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
- School of Electronic and Electrical Engineering and Pollard Institute, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, Leeds, UK
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5
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Anoop TM, Basu PK, Chandramohan K, Thomas A, Manoj S. Evolving utility of exosomes in pancreatic cancer management. World J Methodol 2023; 13:46-58. [PMID: 37456979 PMCID: PMC10348087 DOI: 10.5662/wjm.v13.i3.46] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the development of newer oncological treatment, the survival of patients with pancreatic cancer (PC) remains poor. Recent studies have identified exosomes as essential mediators of intercellular communications and play a vital role in tumor initiation, metastasis and chemoresistance. Thus, the utility of liquid biopsies using exosomes in PC management can be used for early detection, diagnosis, monitoring as well as drug delivery vehicles for cancer therapy. This review summarizes the function, and clinical applications of exosomes in cancers as minimally invasive liquid biomarker in diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thattungal Manoharan Anoop
- Department of Medical Oncology, Regional Cancer Center, Medical College Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Palash Kumar Basu
- Department of Avionics, Indian Institute of Space Science & Technology (IIST), Thiruvananthapuram 695547, Kerala, India
| | - K Chandramohan
- Surgical Oncology, Regional Cancer Center, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - Ajai Thomas
- Department of Medical Oncology, Regional Cancer Center, Medical College Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
| | - S Manoj
- Department of Medical Oncology, Regional Cancer Center, Medical College Campus, Thiruvananthapuram 695011, Kerala, India
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6
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Xu R, Ouyang L, Chen H, Zhang G, Zhe J. Recent Advances in Biomolecular Detection Based on Aptamers and Nanoparticles. BIOSENSORS 2023; 13:bios13040474. [PMID: 37185549 PMCID: PMC10136534 DOI: 10.3390/bios13040474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The fast, accurate detection of biomolecules, ranging from nucleic acids and small molecules to proteins and cellular secretions, plays an essential role in various biomedical applications. These include disease diagnostics and prognostics, environmental monitoring, public health, and food safety. Aptamer recognition (DNA or RNA) has gained extensive attention for biomolecular detection due to its high selectivity, affinity, reproducibility, and robustness. Concurrently, biosensing with nanoparticles has been widely used for its high carrier capacity, stability and feasibility of incorporating optical and catalytic activity, and enhanced diffusivity. Biosensors based on aptamers and nanoparticles utilize the combination of their advantages and have become a promising technology for detecting of a wide variety of biomolecules with high sensitivity, reliability, specificity, and detection speed. Via various sensing mechanisms, target biomolecules have been quantified in terms of optical (e.g., colorimetric and fluorometric), magnetic, and electrical signals. In this review, we summarize the recent advances in and compare different aptamer-nanoparticle-based biosensors by nanoparticle types and detection mechanisms. We also share our views on the highlights and challenges of the different nanoparticle-aptamer-based biosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiting Xu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Leixin Ouyang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Heyi Chen
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Ge Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
| | - Jiang Zhe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, OH 44325, USA
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7
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Vieira LF, Weinhofer AC, Oltjen WC, Yu C, de Souza Mendes PR, Hore MJA. Combining dynamic Monte Carlo with machine learning to study nanoparticle translocation. SOFT MATTER 2022; 18:5218-5229. [PMID: 35770621 DOI: 10.1039/d2sm00431c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Resistive pulse sensing (RPS) measurements of nanoparticle translocation have the ability to provide information on single-particle level characteristics, such as diameter or mobility, as well as ensemble averages. However, interpreting these measurements is complex and requires an understanding of nanoparticle dynamics in confined spaces as well as the ways in which nanoparticles disrupt ion transport while inside a nanopore. Here, we combine Dynamic Monte Carlo (DMC) simulations with Machine Learning (ML) and Poisson-Nernst-Planck calculations to simultaneously simulate nanoparticle dynamics and ion transport during hundreds of independent particle translocations as a function of nanoparticle size, electrophoretic mobility, and nanopore length. The use of DMC simulations allowed us to explicitly investigate the effects of Brownian motion and nanoparticle/nanopore characteristics on the amplitude and duration of translocation signals. Simulation results were verified with experimental RPS measurements and found to be in quantitative agreement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luiz Fernando Vieira
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente 225, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-900, Brazil
- Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia, Ministry of Science, Technology & Innovation, Av. Venezuela, 82 - Rio de Janeiro, RJ 20081-312, Brazil
| | - Alexandra C Weinhofer
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - William C Oltjen
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - Cindy Yu
- Hathaway Brown School, 19600 North Park Blvd., Shaker Heights, OH 44122, USA
| | - Paulo Roberto de Souza Mendes
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro, Rua Marquês de São Vicente 225, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Michael J A Hore
- Department of Macromolecular Science & Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Avenue, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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8
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Recent Advances in Aptamer‐Based Nanopore Sensing at Single‐Molecule Resolution. Chem Asian J 2022; 17:e202200364. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.202200364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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Horiguchi Y, Naono N, Sakamoto O, Takeuchi H, Yamaoka S, Miyahara Y. Methodology to Detect Biological Particles Using a Biosensing Surface Integrated in Resistive Pulse Sensing. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:20168-20178. [PMID: 35446533 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c25006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Resistive pulse sensing (RPS) is an analytical method that can be used to individually count particles from a small sample. RPS simply monitors the physical characteristics of particles, such as size, shape, and charge density, and the integration of RPS with biosensing is an attractive theme to detect biological particles such as virus and bacteria. In this report, a methodology of biosensing on RPS was investigated. Polydopamine (PD), an adhesive component of mussels, was used as the base material to create a sensing surface. PD adheres to most materials, such as noble metals, metal oxides, semiconductors, and polymers; as a result, PD is a versatile intermediate layer for the fabrication of a biosensing surface. As an example of a biological particle, human influenza A virus (H1N1 subtype) was used to monitor translocation of particles through the pore membrane. When virus-specific ligands (6'-sialyllactose) were immobilized on the pore surface, the translocation time of the virus particles was considerably extended. The detailed translocation data suggest that the viral particles were trapped on the sensing surface by specific interactions. In addition, virus translocation processes on different pore surfaces were distinguished using machine learning. The result shows that the simple and versatile PD-based biosensor surface design was effective. This advanced RPS measurement system could be a promising analytical technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukichi Horiguchi
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
| | - Norihiko Naono
- Aipore Inc., Cerulean Tower 15F, 26-1 Sakuragaokacho, Shibuya, Tokyo 150-8512, Japan
| | - Osamu Sakamoto
- Aipore Inc., Cerulean Tower 15F, 26-1 Sakuragaokacho, Shibuya, Tokyo 150-8512, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Takeuchi
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Shoji Yamaoka
- Department of Molecular Virology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-8510, Japan
| | - Yuji Miyahara
- Institute of Biomaterials and Bioengineering, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), 2-3-10 Kanda-Surugadai, Chiyoda, Tokyo 101-0062, Japan
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10
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Antaw F, Anderson W, Wuethrich A, Trau M. On the Behavior of Nanoparticles beyond the Nanopore Interface. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2021; 37:4772-4782. [PMID: 33870692 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.0c03083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in solid-state and biological nanopore sensors have produced a deluge of analytical techniques for in situ characterization of bio-nano colloidal dispersions; however, the transport forces governing particle movement into and out of the nanopore are not yet fully understood. Herein, we study the motion of particles outside the smaller opening of an elastomeric size-tunable nanopore and relate this motion to existing transport forces known to act on particles within the pore. Subsequently, we develop a combined optoelectronic approach which allows the comparison of both resistive pulse sensing and single particle tracking-based techniques for particle size characterization and, intriguingly, measurements of the ensemble particle motion induced by a combination of particle electrophoresis as well as pressure-driven and electroosmotic flows through the sensor nanopore. We find evidence suggesting that although bulk fluid flow from the pore tends to drive particle motion, in certain circumstances, electrophoretically driven motion can dominate bulk fluid flow-driven motion even at large distances from the pore opening. By permitting direct observation of the behavior of fluids at the nanopore interface, this approach enables a greater understanding of the transport forces acting on particles as they migrate toward and move through nanopore sensors-with implications for future particle characterization systems and for nanopore methods in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiach Antaw
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Corner of College and Cooper Roads (Building 75), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Will Anderson
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Corner of College and Cooper Roads (Building 75), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Alain Wuethrich
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Corner of College and Cooper Roads (Building 75), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- Centre for Personalized Nanomedicine, Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Corner of College and Cooper Roads (Building 75), Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
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11
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Maugi R, Gamble B, Bunka D, Platt M. A simple displacement aptamer assay on resistive pulse sensor for small molecule detection. Talanta 2020; 225:122068. [PMID: 33592786 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2020.122068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A universal aptamer-based sensing strategy is proposed using DNA modified nanocarriers and Resistive Pulse Sensing (RPS) for the rapid (≤20 min) and label free detection of small molecules. The surface of a magnetic nanocarrier was first modified with a ssDNA (anchor) which is designed to be partially complimentary in sequence to the ssDNA aptamer. The aptamer and anchor form a stable dsDNA complex on the nanocarriers surface. Upon the addition of the target molecule, a conformational change takes place where the aptamer preferentially binds to the target over the anchor; causing the aptamer to be released into solution. The RPS measures the change in velocity of the nanocarrier as its surface changes from dsDNA to ssDNA, and its velocity is used as a proxy for the concentration of the target. The length of the aptamer and the ability to extract and preconcentrate the nanocarriers using a magnet, is shown to affect the sensitivity. We illustrate the versatility of the assay using the same anchor sequence and Aptamers to the antibiotic Moxifloxacin, and chemotherapeutics Imatinib and Irinotecan. In addition, the proposed assay can be easily extended to detect multiple analytes simultaneously, by utilizing nanocarriers with different diameters. Each sized particle is functionalised with a the same anchor but a unique aptamer. We illustrate this with the simultaneous detection of Imatinib and Moxifloxacin. The strategy could be easily adapted to a range of targets and unlike previous strategies that use aptamer modified nanocarriers, the signal is not dependent upon the tertiary structure of the aptamer-target interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rushabh Maugi
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Bernadette Gamble
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - David Bunka
- Aptamer Group Limited, Bio Centre, Innovation Way, Heslington, York, YO10 5NY, UK.
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire, LE11 3TU, UK.
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12
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Mohammadzadeh R, Ghazvini K, Farsiani H, Soleimanpour S. Mycobacterium tuberculosis extracellular vesicles: exploitation for vaccine technology and diagnostic methods. Crit Rev Microbiol 2020; 47:13-33. [PMID: 33044878 DOI: 10.1080/1040841x.2020.1830749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) is a fatal epidemic disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). Pervasive latent infection, multidrug- and extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR- and XDR-TB), and TB/HIV co-infection make TB a global health problem, which emphasises the design and development of efficient vaccines and diagnostic biomarkers. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) secretion is a conserved phenomenon in all the domains of life. Various cargos such as nucleic acids, toxins, lipoproteins, and enzymes have been recognised in these nano-sized vesicles that may be involved in bacterial physiology and pathogenesis. The intrinsic adjuvant effect, native immunogenic cargo, sensing by host immune cells, circulation in all body fluids, and comprehensive distribution of antigens introduce EVs as a promising tool for designing novel vaccines, diagnostic biomarkers, and drug delivery systems. Genetic engineering of the EV-producing bacteria and the subsequent production of proper EVs could facilitate the development of the EV-based therapeutic applications. Recently, it was demonstrated that thick-walled mycobacteria release EVs, which contain immunodominant cargos such as lipoglycans and lipoproteins. The present article is a comprehensive review on the recent findings of Mtb EVs biology and the exploitation of EVs for the vaccine technology and diagnostic methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roghayeh Mohammadzadeh
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Kiarash Ghazvini
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Hadi Farsiani
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Saman Soleimanpour
- Antimicrobial Resistance Research Center, Bu-Ali Research Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.,Reference Tuberculosis Laboratory, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
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13
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Reynaud L, Bouchet-Spinelli A, Raillon C, Buhot A. Sensing with Nanopores and Aptamers: A Way Forward. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20164495. [PMID: 32796729 PMCID: PMC7472324 DOI: 10.3390/s20164495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the 90s, the development of a novel single molecule technique based on nanopore sensing emerged. Preliminary improvements were based on the molecular or biological engineering of protein nanopores along with the use of nanotechnologies developed in the context of microelectronics. Since the last decade, the convergence between those two worlds has allowed for biomimetic approaches. In this respect, the combination of nanopores with aptamers, single-stranded oligonucleotides specifically selected towards molecular or cellular targets from an in vitro method, gained a lot of interest with potential applications for the single molecule detection and recognition in various domains like health, environment or security. The recent developments performed by combining nanopores and aptamers are highlighted in this review and some perspectives are drawn.
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Maugi R, Hauer P, Bowen J, Ashman E, Hunsicker E, Platt M. A methodology for characterising nanoparticle size and shape using nanopores. NANOSCALE 2020; 12:262-270. [PMID: 31815999 DOI: 10.1039/c9nr09100a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The discovery and characterisation of nanomaterials represents a multidisciplinary problem. Their properties and applications within biological, physical and medicinal sciences depend on their size, shape, concentration and surface charge. No single technology can currently measure all characteristics. Here we combine resistive pulse sensing with predictive logistic regression models, termed RPS-LRM, to rapidly characterise a nanomaterial's size, aspect ratio, shape and concentration when mixtures of nanorods and nanospheres are present in the same solution. We demonstrate that RPS-LRM can be applied to the characterisation of nanoparticles over a wide size range, and varying aspect ratios, and can distinguish between nanorods over nanospheres when they possess an aspect ratio grater then two. The RPS-LRM can rapidly measure the ratios of nanospheres to nanorods in solution within mixtures, regardless of their relative sizes and ratios i.e. many large nanospherical particles do not interfere with the characterisation of smaller nanorods. This was done with a 91% correct classification of nanospherical particles and 72% correct classification of nanorods even when the fraction of nanorods in solution is as low as 20%. The methodology here will enable the classification of nanomedicines, new nanomaterials and biological analytes in solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Maugi
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - P Hauer
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - J Bowen
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, CF10 3NB, UK
| | | | - E Hunsicker
- Department of Mathematical Sciences, Centre for Imaging Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
| | - M Platt
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, UK.
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15
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Heaton I, Platt M. Peptide Nanocarriers for Detection of Heavy Metal Ions Using Resistive Pulse Sensing. Anal Chem 2019; 91:11291-11296. [PMID: 31370397 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.9b02353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The use of nanocarriers within resistive pulse sensing facilitates the detection and quantification of analytes. To date the field has been dominated by polyionic carriers or nanomaterials. Together they combine the recognition elements of a ligand with a stable support, facilitating the sample handling, analysis times, and multiplex detection. Here we develop the use of peptide-functionalized superparamagnetic nanocarriers to extract and quantify metal ions in solution. The interaction between nickel and the peptide ligand is measured as a change in translocation velocity of the carrier. The magnitude of change is proportional to the concentration of the metal ions in solution. Unlike DNA aptamers where a change in the tertiary structure and the folding of the polyanionic backbone influences the carrier velocity, the peptides here had a lower net charge under the assay conditions. To try and enhance the signal we engineered charged groups within the peptide to explore the effects on the signal. In all cases the metal ion binding dominated the velocity of the carrier. The assay was shown to work across 3 orders of magnitude and can detect Ni2+ in the presence of some other heavy metal ions. We demonstrate this by quantifying Ni2+ in both tap and pond water. The work allows for future multiplexed sensing strategies using both peptides and DNA aptamers in resistive pulse sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imogen Heaton
- Department of Chemistry , Loughborough University , Loughborough , Leicestershire LE11 3TU , United Kingdom
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry , Loughborough University , Loughborough , Leicestershire LE11 3TU , United Kingdom
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16
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Modena MM, Rühle B, Burg TP, Wuttke S. Nanoparticle Characterization: What to Measure? ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2019; 31:e1901556. [PMID: 31148285 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201901556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 132] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
What to measure? is a key question in nanoscience, and it is not straightforward to address as different physicochemical properties define a nanoparticle sample. Most prominent among these properties are size, shape, surface charge, and porosity. Today researchers have an unprecedented variety of measurement techniques at their disposal to assign precise numerical values to those parameters. However, methods based on different physical principles probe different aspects, not only of the particles themselves, but also of their preparation history and their environment at the time of measurement. Understanding these connections can be of great value for interpreting characterization results and ultimately controlling the nanoparticle structure-function relationship. Here, the current techniques that enable the precise measurement of these fundamental nanoparticle properties are presented and their practical advantages and disadvantages are discussed. Some recommendations of how the physicochemical parameters of nanoparticles should be investigated and how to fully characterize these properties in different environments according to the intended nanoparticle use are proposed. The intention is to improve comparability of nanoparticle properties and performance to ensure the successful transfer of scientific knowledge to industrial real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario M Modena
- ETH Zurich, Department of Biosystems Science and Engineering, Mattenstrasse 26, 4058, Basel, BS, Switzerland
| | - Bastian Rühle
- Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Richard-Willstätter - Str 11, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Thomas P Burg
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Am Fassberg 11, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Information Technology, Technische Universität Darmstadt, Merckstrasse 25, 64283, Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Stefan Wuttke
- Department of Chemistry, Center for NanoScience (CeNS), University of Munich (LMU), 81377, Munich, Germany
- BCMaterials, Basque Center for Materials, UPV/EHU Science Park, 48940, Leioa, Spain
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17
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Kondylis P, Schlicksup CJ, Brunk NE, Zhou J, Zlotnick A, Jacobson SC. Competition between Normative and Drug-Induced Virus Self-Assembly Observed with Single-Particle Methods. J Am Chem Soc 2018; 141:1251-1260. [PMID: 30537810 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.8b10131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Disruption of virus capsid assembly has compelling antiviral potential that has been applied to hepatitis B virus (HBV). HBV core protein assembly can be modulated by heteroaryldihydropyrimidines (HAPs), and such molecules are collectively termed core protein allosteric modulators (CpAMs). Although the antiviral effects of CpAMs are acknowledged, the mechanism of action remains an open question. Challenging aspects of characterizing misdirected assembly are the large size and nonuniform nature of the final particles. In this study of HBV assembly, we observed a competition between normative and CpAM-induced aberrant assembly with electron microscopy and resistive-pulse sensing on nanofluidic devices. This competition was a function of the strength of the association energy between individual core proteins, which is proportional to ionic strength. At strong association energy, assembly reactions primarily yielded morphologically normal HBV capsids, despite the presence of HAP-TAMRA. At weak association energy, HAP-TAMRA led to increased assembly product size and disrupted morphology. The smallest particles were T = 4 icosahedra, whereas the larger particles were defective spheres, ellipsoids, and bacilliform cylinders, with regions of T = 4 geometry interspersed with flat regions. Deviation from spherical geometry progressively increased with particle size, which is consistent with the interpretation of a competition between two alternative assembly pathways.
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18
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Shi J, Zhou M. Probing the conformational switch of I-motif DNA using tunable resistive pulse sensing. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2018; 1862:2564-2569. [PMID: 30048743 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 07/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
I-motif DNA, which can fold and unfold reversibly in various environments, plays a significant role in DNA nanotechnology and biological functions. Thus, it is of fundamental importance to identify the different conformations of i-motif DNA. Here, we demonstrate that distinct structures of i-motif DNA conjugated to polystyrene spheres can be distinguished through tunable resistive pulse sensing technique. When dispersed in acidic buffer, i-motif DNA coating on polystyrene spheres would fold into quadruplex structure and subsequently induce an apparent increase in the translocation duration time upon passing through a nanopore due to the shielding effect of the surface charge of the nanospheres. However, if the DNA strands don't have conformational changes in acidic buffer, little shift can be observed in the translocation duration time of the DNA functionalized polystyrene spheres. A before-and-after assay was also performed to illustrate the fast speed of i-motif DNA folding using this technique. The successful implementation of tunable resistive pulse sensing to monitor the conformational transition of i-motif DNA provides a potential tool to detect the structural changes of DNA and an alternative approach to study the function of DNA structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China
| | - Ming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Tribology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, People's Republic of China.
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19
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Peng R, Li D. Particle detection on microfluidic chips by differential resistive pulse sensing (RPS) method. Talanta 2018; 184:418-428. [PMID: 29674063 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 03/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The resistive pulse sensing (RPS) method has been widely used for characterization of particles, cells, and biomolecules due to its merits of high sensitivity and resolution. This paper investigates working parameters involved in detecting submicron and micron-sized particles by the differential RPS method on microfluidic chips. Effects of particle-to-sensor size ratio, ionic concentration and pH of the electrolyte solution, and applied electric field are studied systematically by using polystyrene particles with a size range from 140 nm to 5 µm. The results show that both the amplitude and the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of the RPS signals increase with the particle-to-sensor size ratio as well as the ionic concentration of the electrolyte media. The amplitude of the RPS signals also increases with increasing applied voltage, while the SNR experiences an upslope at low voltages and a decline under the condition of high voltages. pH has little effect on the background noise of the differential RPS signals but reduces the amplitude of the RPS signals at high pH. Grouping of RPS signals is considered to be caused by interactions between the sensor walls and the particles. Nanoparticle detection by the differential RPS method can be enhanced by optimizing these working parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Peng
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, Canada N2L 3G1.
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20
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Mayne L, Lin CY, Christie SDR, Siwy ZS, Platt M. The Design and Characterization of Multifunctional Aptamer Nanopore Sensors. ACS NANO 2018; 12:4844-4852. [PMID: 29718658 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Aptamer-modified nanomaterials provide a simple, yet powerful sensing platform when combined with resistive pulse sensing technologies. Aptamers adopt a more stable tertiary structure in the presence of a target analyte, which results in a change in charge density and velocity of the carrier particle. In practice the tertiary structure is specific for each aptamer and target, and the strength of the signal varies with different applications and experimental conditions. Resistive pulse sensors (RPS) have single particle resolution, allowing for the detailed characterization of the sample. Measuring the velocity of aptamer-modified nanomaterials as they traverse the RPS provides information on their charge state and densities. To help understand how the aptamer structure and charge density effects the sensitivity of aptamer-RPS assays, here we study two metal binding aptamers. This creates a sensor for mercury and lead ions that is capable of being run in a range of electrolyte concentrations, equivalent to river to seawater conditions. The observed results are in excellent agreement with our proposed model. Building on this we combine two aptamers together in an attempt to form a dual sensing strand of DNA for the simultaneous detection of two metal ions. We show experimental and theoretical responses for the aptamer which creates layers of differing charge densities around the nanomaterial. The density and diameter of these zones effects both the viability and sensitivity of the assay. While this approach allows the interrogation of the DNA structure, the data also highlight the limitations and considerations for future assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Mayne
- Department of Chemistry , Loughborough University , Loughborough LE11 3TU , United Kingdom
| | | | - Steven D R Christie
- Department of Chemistry , Loughborough University , Loughborough LE11 3TU , United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry , Loughborough University , Loughborough LE11 3TU , United Kingdom
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21
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Peng R, Tang XS, Li D. Detection of Individual Molecules and Ions by Carbon Nanotube-Based Differential Resistive Pulse Sensor. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800013. [PMID: 29504261 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
This paper presents a new method of sensing single molecules and cations by a carbon nanotube (CNT)-based differential resistive pulse sensing (RPS) technique on a nanofluidic chip. A mathematical model for multichannel RPS systems is developed to evaluate the CNT-based RPS signals. Individual cations, rhodamine B dye molecules, and ssDNAs are detected successfully with high resolution and high signal-to-noise ratio. Differentiating ssDNAs with 15 and 30 nucleotides are achieved. The experimental results also show that translocation of negatively charged ssDNAs through a CNT decreases the electrical resistance of the CNT channel, while translocation of positively charged cations and rhodamine B molecules increases the electrical resistance of the CNT. The CNT-based nanofluidic device developed in this work provides a new avenue for single-molecule/ion detection and offers a potential strategy for DNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Peng
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Xiaowu Shirley Tang
- Department of Chemistry & Waterloo Institute for Nanotechnology (WIN), University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
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22
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Heider S, Muzard J, Zaruba M, Metzner C. Integrated Method for Purification and Single-Particle Characterization of Lentiviral Vector Systems by Size Exclusion Chromatography and Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing. Mol Biotechnol 2018; 59:251-259. [PMID: 28567687 PMCID: PMC5486506 DOI: 10.1007/s12033-017-0009-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Elements derived from lentiviral particles such as viral vectors or virus-like particles are commonly used for biotechnological and biomedical applications, for example in mammalian protein expression, gene delivery or therapy, and vaccine development. Preparations of high purity are necessary in most cases, especially for clinical applications. For purification, a wide range of methods are available, from density gradient centrifugation to affinity chromatography. In this study we have employed size exclusion columns specifically designed for the easy purification of extracellular vesicles including exosomes. In addition to viral marker protein and total protein analysis, a well-established single-particle characterization technology, termed tunable resistive pulse sensing, was employed to analyze fractions of highest particle load and purity and characterize the preparations by size and surface charge/electrophoretic mobility. With this study, we propose an integrated platform combining size exclusion chromatography and tunable resistive pulse sensing for monitoring production and purification of viral particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Heider
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.,Biological Physics, Department of Physics, Chalmers University of Technology, 412 96, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Julien Muzard
- Izon Science, 8C Homersham Place, PO Box 39168, Burnside, Christchurch, 8053, New Zealand
| | - Marianne Zaruba
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Metzner
- Institute of Virology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Veterinärplatz 1, 1210, Vienna, Austria.
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23
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Healey MJ, Rowe W, Siati S, Sivakumaran M, Platt M. Rapid Assessment of Site Specific DNA Methylation through Resistive Pulse Sensing. ACS Sens 2018; 3:655-660. [PMID: 29512379 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.7b00935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Many diseases are defined by patterns of DNA methylation which result in aberrant gene expression. We present a rapid assay based upon resistive pulse sensing, RPS, to characterize sequence specific DNA methylation sites in genomic DNA. We modify the surface of superparamagnetic beads, SPBs, with DNA (capture probe). The particles are added to solution where they bind to and extract sequence specific DNA (target DNA). The target loaded SPBs are then incubated with antibodies which bind to the methylation sites, and the velocity of the SPBs through the nanopore reveals the number and location of the epigenetic markers within the target. The approach is capable of distinguishing between different methylation sites within a DNA promoter region. Crucially the approach is not dependent on accurate sequencing of assayed DNA, with genomic regions targeted through complementary probes. As such the number of stages and reagents costs are low and the assay is complete in under 60 min which includes the incubation and run times. The format also allows simultaneous quantification of number of copies of methylated DNA, and we illustrate this with a dose response curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Healey
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - William Rowe
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Sofia Siati
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Muttuswamy Sivakumaran
- Peterborough City Hospital, Edith Cavell Campus, Bretton Gate, Peterborough PE3 9GZ, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
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Liu F, Ni L, Zhe J. Lab-on-a-chip electrical multiplexing techniques for cellular and molecular biomarker detection. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2018; 12:021501. [PMID: 29682143 PMCID: PMC5893332 DOI: 10.1063/1.5022168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/28/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Signal multiplexing is vital to develop lab-on-a-chip devices that can detect and quantify multiple cellular and molecular biomarkers with high throughput, short analysis time, and low cost. Electrical detection of biomarkers has been widely used in lab-on-a-chip devices because it requires less external equipment and simple signal processing and provides higher scalability. Various electrical multiplexing for lab-on-a-chip devices have been developed for comprehensive, high throughput, and rapid analysis of biomarkers. In this paper, we first briefly introduce the widely used electrochemical and electrical impedance sensing methods. Next, we focus on reviewing various electrical multiplexing techniques that had achieved certain successes on rapid cellular and molecular biomarker detection, including direct methods (spatial and time multiplexing), and emerging technologies (frequency, codes, particle-based multiplexing). Lastly, the future opportunities and challenges on electrical multiplexing techniques are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Liwei Ni
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - Jiang Zhe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron, Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
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25
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A hybrid resistive pulse-optical detection platform for microfluidic experiments. Sci Rep 2017; 7:10173. [PMID: 28860641 PMCID: PMC5579027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-10000-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Resistive-pulse sensing is a label-free method for characterizing individual particles as they pass through ion-conducting channels or pores. During a resistive pulse experiment, the ionic current through a conducting channel is monitored as particles suspended in the solution translocate through the channel. The amplitude of the current decrease during a translocation, or ‘pulse’, depends not only on the ratio of the particle and channel sizes, but also on the particle position, which is difficult to resolve with the resistive pulse signal alone. We present experiments of simultaneous electrical and optical detection of particles passing through microfluidic channels to resolve the positional dependencies of the resistive pulses. Particles were tracked simultaneously in the two signals to create a mapping of the particle position to resistive pulse amplitude at the same instant in time. The hybrid approach will improve the accuracy of object characterization and will pave the way for observing dynamic changes of the objects such as deformation or change in orientation. This combined approach of optical detection and resistive pulse sensing will join with other attempts at hybridizing high-throughput detection techniques such as imaging flow cytometry.
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26
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Song Y, Zhang J, Li D. Microfluidic and Nanofluidic Resistive Pulse Sensing: A Review. MICROMACHINES 2017; 8:E204. [PMID: 30400393 PMCID: PMC6190343 DOI: 10.3390/mi8070204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The resistive pulse sensing (RPS) method based on the Coulter principle is a powerful method for particle counting and sizing in electrolyte solutions. With the advancement of micro- and nano-fabrication technologies, microfluidic and nanofluidic resistive pulse sensing technologies and devices have been developed. Due to the unique advantages of microfluidics and nanofluidics, RPS sensors are enabled with more functions with greatly improved sensitivity and throughput and thus have wide applications in fields of biomedical research, clinical diagnosis, and so on. Firstly, this paper reviews some basic theories of particle sizing and counting. Emphasis is then given to the latest development of microfuidic and nanofluidic RPS technologies within the last 6 years, ranging from some new phenomena, methods of improving the sensitivity and throughput, and their applications, to some popular nanopore or nanochannel fabrication techniques. The future research directions and challenges on microfluidic and nanofluidic RPS are also outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongxin Song
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Junyan Zhang
- Department of Marine Engineering, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian 116026, China.
| | - Dongqing Li
- Department of Mechanical and Mechatronics Engineering, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON N2L 3G1, Canada.
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27
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Sachdev S, Maugi R, Woolley J, Kirk C, Zhou Z, Christie SDR, Platt M. Synthesis of Gold Nanoparticles Using the Interface of an Emulsion Droplet. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2017; 33:5464-5472. [PMID: 28514172 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.7b00564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A facile and rapid method for synthesizing single crystal gold spherical or platelet (nonspherical) particles is reported. The reaction takes place at the interface of two immiscible liquids where the reducing agent decamethylferrocene (DmFc) was initially added to hexane and gold chloride (AuCl4-) to an aqueous phase. The reaction is spontaneous at room temperature, leading to the creation of Au nanoparticles (AuNP). A flow focusing microfluidic chip was used to create emulsion droplets, allowing the same reaction to take place within a series of microreactors. The technique allows the number of droplets, their diameter, and even the concentration of reactants in both phases to be controlled. The size and shape of the AuNP are dependent upon the concentration of the reactants and the size of the droplets. By tuning the reaction parameters, the synthesized nanoparticles vary from nanometer to micrometer sized spheres or platelets. The surfactant used to stabilize the emulsion was also shown to influence the particle shape. Finally, the addition of other nanoparticles within the droplet allows for core@shell particles to be readily formed, and we believe this could be a versatile platform for the large scale production of core@shell particles.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Caroline Kirk
- School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh , David Brewster Road, Edinburgh EH9 3FJ, United Kingdom
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28
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Koganti S, Eleftheriou D, Brogan PA, Kotecha T, Hong Y, Rakhit RD. Microparticles and their role in coronary artery disease. Int J Cardiol 2017; 230:339-345. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2016.12.108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 12/04/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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29
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Lee SJ, Kang JY, Choi W, Kwak R. Nanopore Sensing in Aqueous Two-Phase System: Simultaneous Enhancement of Signal and Translocation Time via Conformal Coating. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2017; 13:1601725. [PMID: 27753235 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nanofluidic resistive pulse sensing (RPS) has been extensively used to measure the size, concentration, and surface charge of nanoparticles in electrically conducting solutions. Although various methods have been explored for improving detection performances, intrinsic problems including the extremely low particle-to-pore volume ratio (<0.01%) and fast nanoparticle translocation (10-1000 µs) still induce difficulties in detection, such as low signal magnitudes and short translocation times. Herein, we present an aqueous two-phase system (ATPS) in a nanofluidic RPS for amplifying translocation signals and decreasing translocation speeds simultaneously. Two immiscible aqueous liquids build a liquid-liquid interface inside nanopores. As particles translocate from a high-affinity liquid phase into a lower-affinity one, the high-affinity liquid forms a conformal coating on the particles, which increases the effective particle size and amplifies the current-blockage signal. The translocation time is also increased, as the ATPS interface impedes the particle translocation. For 20 nm particles, 7.92-fold and 5.82-fold enhancements of signal magnitude and translocation time can be achieved. To our knowledge, this is the first attempt to improve nanofluidic RPS by treating an interface of solution reservoirs for manipulating target particles rather than nanopores. This direct particle manipulation allows us to solve the two intrinsic problems all at once.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Jun Lee
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Yoon Kang
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
| | - Wonjoon Choi
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, 136-701, Republic of Korea
| | - Rhokyun Kwak
- Center for BioMicrosystems, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791, Republic of Korea
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30
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Mayne LJ, Christie SDR, Platt M. A tunable nanopore sensor for the detection of metal ions using translocation velocity and biphasic pulses. NANOSCALE 2016; 8:19139-19147. [PMID: 27827506 DOI: 10.1039/c6nr07224k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A tunable resistive pulse sensor, utilising a polyurethane nanopore, has been used to characterise nanoparticles as they traverse the pore opening. Herein we demonstrate that the translocation speed, conductive and resistive pulse magnitude, can be used to infer the surface charge of a nanoparticle, and act as a specific transduction signal for the binding of metal ions to ligands on the particle surface. Surfaces of silica nanoparticles were modified with a ligand to demonstrate the concept, and used to extract copper(ii) ions (Cu2+) from solution. By tuning the pH and ionic strength of the solution, a biphasic pulse, a conductive followed by a resistive pulse is recorded. Biphasic pulses are becoming a powerful means to characterise materials, and provide insight into the translocation mechanism, and herein we present their first use to detect the presence of metal ions in solution. We demonstrate how combinations of translocation speed and/or biphasic pulse behaviour are used to detect Cu2+ with quantitative responses across a range of pH and ionic strengths. Using a generic ligand this assay allows a clear signal for Cu2+ as low as 1 ppm with a short 5-minute incubation time, and is capable of measuring 10 ppm Cu2+ in the presence of 5 other ions. The method has potential for monitoring heavy metals in biological and environmental samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Mayne
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
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31
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Blundell ELCJ, Vogel R, Platt M. Determination of Zeta Potential via Nanoparticle Translocation Velocities through a Tunable Nanopore: Using DNA-modified Particles as an Example. J Vis Exp 2016. [PMID: 27805605 DOI: 10.3791/54577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Nanopore technologies, known collectively as Resistive Pulse Sensors (RPS), are being used to detect, quantify and characterize proteins, molecules and nanoparticles. Tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) is a relatively recent adaptation to RPS that incorporates a tunable pore that can be altered in real time. Here, we use TRPS to monitor the translocation times of DNA-modified nanoparticles as they traverse the tunable pore membrane as a function of DNA concentration and structure (i.e., single-stranded to double-stranded DNA). TRPS is based on two Ag/AgCl electrodes, separated by an elastomeric pore membrane that establishes a stable ionic current upon an applied electric field. Unlike various optical-based particle characterization technologies, TRPS can characterize individual particles amongst a sample population, allowing for multimodal samples to be analyzed with ease. Here, we demonstrate zeta potential measurements via particle translocation velocities of known standards and apply these to sample analyte translocation times, thus resulting in measuring the zeta potential of those analytes. As well as acquiring mean zeta potential values, the samples are all measured using a particle-by-particle perspective exhibiting more information on a given sample through sample population distributions, for example. Of such, this method demonstrates potential within sensing applications for both medical and environmental fields.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert Vogel
- Izon Science Limited; School of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University;
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32
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Yang L, Yamamoto T. Quantification of Virus Particles Using Nanopore-Based Resistive-Pulse Sensing Techniques. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:1500. [PMID: 27713738 PMCID: PMC5031608 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2016] [Accepted: 09/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Viruses have drawn much attention in recent years due to increased recognition of their important roles in virology, immunology, clinical diagnosis, and therapy. Because the biological and physical properties of viruses significantly impact their applications, quantitative detection of individual virus particles has become a critical issue. However, due to various inherent limitations of conventional enumeration techniques such as infectious titer assays, immunological assays, and electron microscopic observation, this issue remains challenging. Thanks to significant advances in nanotechnology, nanostructure-based electrical sensors have emerged as promising platforms for real-time, sensitive detection of numerous bioanalytes. In this paper, we review recent progress in nanopore-based electrical sensing, with particular emphasis on the application of this technique to the quantification of virus particles. Our aim is to provide insights into this novel nanosensor technology, and highlight its ability to enhance current understanding of a variety of viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Takatoki Yamamoto
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Engineering, Tokyo Institute of TechnologyTokyo, Japan
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33
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Weatherall E, Hauer P, Vogel R, Willmott GR. Pulse Size Distributions in Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing. Anal Chem 2016; 88:8648-56. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Robert Vogel
- Izon Science Limited, 8C Homersham Place, P.O. Box 39168,
Burnside, Christchurch 8053, New Zealand
- School
of Mathematics and Physics, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia
| | - Geoff R. Willmott
- The
Departments of Physics and Chemistry, The University of Auckland, Auckland 1142, New Zealand
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34
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Sivakumaran M, Platt M. Tunable resistive pulse sensing: potential applications in nanomedicine. Nanomedicine (Lond) 2016; 11:2197-214. [PMID: 27480794 DOI: 10.2217/nnm-2016-0097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
An accurate characterization of nanomaterials used in clinical diagnosis and therapeutics is of paramount importance to realize the full potential of nanotechnology in medicine and to avoid unexpected and potentially harmful toxic effects due to these materials. A number of technical modalities are currently in use to study the physical, chemical and biological properties of nanomaterials but they all have advantages and disadvantages. In this review, we discuss the potential of a relative newcomer, tunable resistive pulse sensing, for the characterization of nanomaterials and its applications in nanodiagnostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
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35
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Blundell ELCJ, Healey MJ, Holton E, Sivakumaran M, Manstana S, Platt M. Characterisation of the protein corona using tunable resistive pulse sensing: determining the change and distribution of a particle's surface charge. Anal Bioanal Chem 2016; 408:5757-5768. [PMID: 27287012 PMCID: PMC4958399 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-016-9678-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2016] [Revised: 04/27/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The zeta potential of the protein corona around carboxyl particles has been measured using tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS). A simple and rapid assay for characterising zeta potentials within buffer, serum and plasma is presented monitoring the change, magnitude and distribution of proteins on the particle surface. First, we measure the change in zeta potential of carboxyl-functionalised nanoparticles in solutions that contain biologically relevant concentrations of individual proteins, typically constituted in plasma and serum, and observe a significant difference in distributions and zeta values between room temperature and 37 °C assays. The effect is protein dependent, and the largest difference between the two temperatures is recorded for the γ-globulin protein where the mean zeta potential changes from -16.7 to -9.0 mV for 25 and 37 °C, respectively. This method is further applied to monitor particles placed into serum and/or plasma. A temperature-dependent change is again observed with serum showing a 4.9 mV difference in zeta potential between samples incubated at 25 and 37 °C; this shift was larger than that observed for samples in plasma (0.4 mV). Finally, we monitor the kinetics of the corona reorientation for particles initially placed into serum and then adding 5 % (V/V) plasma. The technology presented offers an interesting insight into protein corona structure and kinetics of formation measured in biologically relevant solutions, i.e. high protein, high salt levels, and its particle-by-particle analysis gives a measure of the distribution of particle zeta potential that may offer a better understanding of the behaviour of nanoparticles in solution. Graphical Abstract The relative velocity of a nanoparticle as it traverses a nanopore can be used to determine its zeta potential. Monitoring the changes in translocation speeds can therefore be used to follow changes to the surface chemistry/composition of 210 nm particles that were placed into protein rich solutions, serum and plasma. The particle-by-particle measurements allow the zeta potential and distribution of the particles to be characterised, illustrating the effects of protein concentration and temperature on the protein corona. When placed into a solution containing a mixture of proteins, the affinity of the protein to the particle's surface determines the corona structure, and is not dependent on the protein concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma L C J Blundell
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Matthew J Healey
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Elizabeth Holton
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Muttuswamy Sivakumaran
- Peterborough City Hospital, Edith Cavell Campus, Bretton Gate, Peterborough, PE3 9GZ, UK
| | - Sarabjit Manstana
- Human Genomics Lab, Centre for Global Health and Human Development, School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.
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36
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Kilinc D, Dennis CL, Lee GU. Bio-Nano-Magnetic Materials for Localized Mechanochemical Stimulation of Cell Growth and Death. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:5672-80. [PMID: 26780501 PMCID: PMC5536250 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201504845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 11/12/2015] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Magnetic nanoparticles are promising new tools for therapeutic applications, such as magnetic nanoparticle hyperthermia therapy and targeted drug delivery. Recent in vitro studies have demonstrated that a force application with magnetic tweezers can also affect cell fate, suggesting a therapeutic potential for magnetically modulated mechanical stimulation. The magnetic properties of nanoparticles that induce physical responses and the subtle responses that result from mechanically induced membrane damage and/or intracellular signaling are evaluated. Magnetic particles with various physical, geometric, and magnetic properties and specific functionalization can now be used to apply mechanical force to specific regions of cells, which permit the modulation of cellular behavior through the use of spatially and time controlled magnetic fields. On one hand, mechanochemical stimulation has been used to direct the outgrowth on neuronal growth cones, indicating a therapeutic potential for neural repair. On the other hand, it has been used to kill cancer cells that preferentially express specific receptors. Advances made in the synthesis and characterization of magnetic nanomaterials and a better understanding of cellular mechanotransduction mechanisms may support the translation of mechanochemical stimulation into the clinic as an emerging therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Kilinc
- Bionanosciences Lab, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, UCD
Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin,
Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Cindi L. Dennis
- Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and
Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Gaithersburg, MD 20899–8552, USA
| | - Gil U. Lee
- Bionanosciences Lab, School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, UCD
Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin,
Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
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37
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Han Y, Wu H, Liu F, Cheng G, Zhe J. A multiplexed immunoaggregation biomarker assay using a two-stage micro resistive pulse sensor. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2016; 10:024109. [PMID: 27042251 PMCID: PMC4798986 DOI: 10.1063/1.4944456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
We present an immunoaggregation assay chip for multiplexed biomarkers detection. This chip is based on immunoaggregation of antibody functionalized microparticles (Ab-MPs) to quantify concentrations of multiple biomarkers simultaneously. A mixture of multiple types of Ab-MPs probes with different sizes and magnetic properties, which were functionalized by different antibodies, was used for the multiplexed assay. The interactions between biomarkers and their specific Ab-MPs probes caused the immunoaggregation of Ab-MPs. A two-stage micro resistive pulse sensor was used to differentiate and count the Ab-MP aggregates triggered by different biomarkers via size and magnetic property for multiplexed detection. The volume fraction of each type of Ab-MP aggregates indicates the concentration of the corresponding target biomarker. In our study, we demonstrated multiplexed detection of two model biomarkers (human ferritin and mouse anti-rabbit IgG) in 10% fetal bovine serum, using anti-ferritin Ab and anti-mouse IgG Ab functionalized MPs. We found that the volume fraction of Ab-MP aggregates increased with the increased biomarker concentrations. The detection ranges from 5.2 ng/ml to 208 ng/ml and 3.1 ng/ml to 5.12 × 10(4 )ng/ml were achieved for human ferritin and mouse anti-rabbit IgG. This bioassay chip is able to quantitatively detect multiple biomarkers in a single test without fluorescence or enzymatic labeling process and hence is promising to serve as a useful tool for rapid detection of multiple biomarkers in biomedical research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - H Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - F Liu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - G Cheng
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
| | - J Zhe
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, USA
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38
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Wu H, Chen Y, Zhou Q, Wang R, Xia B, Ma D, Luo K, Liu Q. Translocation of Rigid Rod-Shaped Virus through Various Solid-State Nanopores. Anal Chem 2016; 88:2502-10. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b04905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hongwen Wu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Yuhao Chen
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Polymer
Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Qizhao Zhou
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510000, China
| | - Rongliang Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
| | - Baicheng Xia
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Polymer
Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Dejun Ma
- State
Key Laboratory of Elemento-Organic Chemistry and Department of Chemical
Biology, National Pesticide Engineering Research Center (Tianjin), Nankai University, Tianjin, 300071, China
| | - Kaifu Luo
- CAS
Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry and Department of Polymer
Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Quanjun Liu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210096, China
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39
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Ko J, Carpenter E, Issadore D. Detection and isolation of circulating exosomes and microvesicles for cancer monitoring and diagnostics using micro-/nano-based devices. Analyst 2016; 141:450-460. [PMID: 26378496 PMCID: PMC4881422 DOI: 10.1039/c5an01610j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 156] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In the last several years, nanoscale vesicles that originate from tumor cells and which can be found circulating in the blood (i.e. exosomes and microvesicles) have been discovered to contain a wealth of proteomic and genetic information to monitor cancer progression, metastasis, and drug efficacy. However, the use of exosomes and microvesicles as biomarkers to improve patient care has been limited by their small size (30 nm-1 μm) and the extensive sample preparation required for their isolation and measurement. In this Critical Review, we explore the emerging use of micro and nano-technology to isolate and detect exosomes and microvesicles in clinical samples and the application of this technology to the monitoring and diagnosis of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jina Ko
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Erica Carpenter
- Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - David Issadore
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Electrical and Systems engineering, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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40
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Blundell ELCJ, Mayne LJ, Lickorish M, Christie SDR, Platt M. Protein detection using tunable pores: resistive pulses and current rectification. Faraday Discuss 2016; 193:487-505. [DOI: 10.1039/c6fd00072j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
We present the first comparison between assays that use resistive pulses or rectification ratios on a tunable pore platform. We compare their ability to quantify the cancer biomarker Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF). The first assay measures the electrophoretic mobility of aptamer modified nanoparticles as they traverse the pore. By controlling the aptamer loading on the particle surface, and measuring the speed of each translocation event we are able to observe a change in velocity as low as 18 pM. A second non-particle assay exploits the current rectification properties of conical pores. We report the first use of Layer-by-Layer (LbL) assembly of polyelectrolytes onto the surface of the polyurethane pore. The current rectification ratios demonstrate the presence of the polymers, producing pH and ionic strength-dependent currents. The LbL assembly allows the facile immobilisation of DNA aptamers onto the pore allowing a specific dose response to VEGF. Monitoring changes to the current rectification allows for a rapid detection of 5 pM VEGF. Each assay format offers advantages in their setup and ease of preparation but comparable sensitivities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura J. Mayne
- Department of Chemistry
- Loughborough University
- Loughborough
- United Kingdom
| | - Michael Lickorish
- Department of Chemistry
- Loughborough University
- Loughborough
- United Kingdom
| | | | - Mark Platt
- Department of Chemistry
- Loughborough University
- Loughborough
- United Kingdom
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41
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Anderson W, Lane R, Korbie D, Trau M. Observations of Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing for Exosome Analysis: Improving System Sensitivity and Stability. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2015; 31:6577-87. [PMID: 25970769 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.5b01402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Size distribution and concentration measurements of exosomes are essential when investigating their cellular function and uptake. Recently, a particle size distribution and concentration measurement platform known as tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) has seen increased use for the characterization of exosome samples. TRPS measures the brief increase in electrical resistance (a resistive pulse) produced by individual submicrometer/nanoscale particles as they translocate through a size-tunable submicrometer/micrometer-sized pore, embedded in an elastic membrane. Unfortunately, TRPS measurements are susceptible to issues surrounding system stability, where the pore can become blocked by particles, and sensitivity issues, where particles are too small to be detected against the background noise of the system. Herein, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the parameters involved in TRPS exosome measurements and demonstrate the ability to improve system sensitivity and stability by the optimization of system parameters. We also provide the first analysis of system noise, sensitivity cutoff limits, and accuracy with respect to exosome measurements and offer an explicit definition of system sensitivity that indicates the smallest particle diameter that can be detected within the noise of the trans-membrane current. A comparison of exosome size measurements from both TRPS and cryo-electron microscopy is also provided, finding that a significant number of smaller exosomes fell below the detection limit of the TRPS platform and offering one potential insight as to why there is such large variability in the exosome size distribution reported in the literature. We believe the observations reported here may assist others in improving TRPS measurements for exosome samples and other submicrometer biological and nonbiological particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Will Anderson
- †Centre for Personalized NanoMedicine, ‡Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, and §School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - Rebecca Lane
- †Centre for Personalized NanoMedicine, ‡Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, and §School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - Darren Korbie
- †Centre for Personalized NanoMedicine, ‡Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, and §School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD Australia
| | - Matt Trau
- †Centre for Personalized NanoMedicine, ‡Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, and §School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD Australia
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42
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Qiu Y, Hinkle P, Yang C, Bakker HE, Schiel M, Wang H, Melnikov D, Gracheva M, Toimil-Molares ME, Imhof A, Siwy ZS. Pores with longitudinal irregularities distinguish objects by shape. ACS NANO 2015; 9:4390-4397. [PMID: 25787224 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.5b00877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The resistive-pulse technique has been used to detect and size objects which pass through a single pore. The amplitude of the ion current change observed when a particle is in the pore is correlated with the particle volume. Up to date, however, the resistive-pulse approach has not been able to distinguish between objects of similar volume but different shapes. In this manuscript, we propose using pores with longitudinal irregularities as a sensitive tool capable of distinguishing spherical and rod-shaped particles with different lengths. The ion current modulations within resulting resistive pulses carry information on the length of passing objects. The performed experiments also indicate the rods rotate while translocating, and displace an effective volume that is larger than their geometrical volume, and which also depends on the pore diameter.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinghua Qiu
- †Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- ‡School of Mechanical Engineering and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Preston Hinkle
- †Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Crystal Yang
- §Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Henriette E Bakker
- ∥Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for NanoMaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew Schiel
- †Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Hong Wang
- ⊥Department of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Dmitriy Melnikov
- #Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam New York 13699, United States
| | - Maria Gracheva
- #Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam New York 13699, United States
| | | | - Arnout Imhof
- ∥Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for NanoMaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Zuzanna S Siwy
- †Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- §Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
- ⊗Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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43
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Kilinc D, Lesniak A, Rashdan SA, Gandhi D, Blasiak A, Fannin PC, von Kriegsheim A, Kolch W, Lee GU. Mechanochemical stimulation of MCF7 cells with rod-shaped Fe-Au Janus particles induces cell death through paradoxical hyperactivation of ERK. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:395-404. [PMID: 25296863 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2014] [Revised: 09/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional nanoparticles that actively target-specific tissues are studied for cancer diagnosis and treatment. Magnetically and optically active particles are of particular interest because they enable multiple imaging modalities and physically modulated therapies, such as magnetic hyperthermia. Fe-Au nanorods are synthesized that have a long iron segment, coated with polyethylene glycol, and a short gold tip functionalized with heregulin (HRG), a known ligand of ErbB family of receptors. HRG-nanorods preferentially target MCF7 cells relative to MDA-MB-231 cells, as demonstrated in a novel microfluidics device. Targeting rates of these classical breast cancer cells correlate with their differential expression of ErbB2/3 receptors. HRG-nanorod binding stimulates the extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK) phosphorylation in MCF7 cells. The increase in ERK phosphorylation is linked to "active zones," dynamic regions in the cell periphery, which exhibit higher rates of particle binding than the rest of the cell. Periodically stretching cells using magnetic tweezers further activates ERK, which leads to cell death in cells co-treated with B-Raf inhibitors, through ERK hyperactivation. Although to a lesser extent, cell death is also achieved through magnetic hyperthermia. These results demonstrate nanoscale targeting and localized mechanochemical treatment of specific cancer cell lines based on their receptor expression using multifunctional nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devrim Kilinc
- UCD Nanomedicine Centre; School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Anna Lesniak
- UCD Nanomedicine Centre; School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Suad A. Rashdan
- UCD Nanomedicine Centre; School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
- Department of Chemistry; University of Bahrain; P.O. Box: 32038 Sakheer Kingdom of Bahrain
| | - Dhruv Gandhi
- UCD Nanomedicine Centre; School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Agata Blasiak
- UCD Nanomedicine Centre; School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Paul C. Fannin
- Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering; Trinity College Dublin; Dublin 2 Ireland
| | - Alex von Kriegsheim
- Systems Biology Ireland; UCD; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Science; UCD; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Walter Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland; UCD; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
- UCD Conway Institute; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
- School of Medicine and Medical Science; UCD; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
| | - Gil U. Lee
- UCD Nanomedicine Centre; School of Chemistry and Chemical Biology; University College Dublin; Belfield Dublin 4 Ireland
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44
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Billinge ER, Platt M. Multiplexed, label-free detection of biomarkers using aptamers and Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing (AptaTRPS). Biosens Bioelectron 2015; 68:741-748. [PMID: 25682502 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2015.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/06/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Diagnostics that are capable of detecting multiple biomarkers are improving the accuracy and efficiency of bioassays. In previous work we have demonstrated the potential of an aptamer-based sensor (aptasensor) utilising Tunable Resistive Pulse Sensing (TRPS). Here, we have advanced the technique identifying key experimental designs for potential POC assays. The assay utilised superparamagnetic beads, and using TRPS monitored their translocations through a pore. If the surfaces of the beads are modified with an aptamer, the frequency of beads (translocations/min) through the pore can be related to the concentration of specific proteins in the solution. Herein, we have demonstrated the successful use of TRPS to observe the binding of two proteins, to their specific aptamers simultaneously. We describe a series of experiments illustrating key factors which we believe are integral to bead-based assays and demonstrate a general method for a multiplexed assay. In summary, we have explored the effects of beads size, concentration, potential bias, pH and aptamer affinity to enhance the sensitivity and practically of a TRPS aptasensor. The method utilises the fact the binding of the aptamer to the protein results in a change in charge density on the bead surface, the isoelectric point of the protein then dominates the mobility of the beads, creating a multiplexed assay termed AptaTRPS. By alteration of the applied potential to the instrument it is possible to produce a positive signal in a simple multiplexed assay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily R Billinge
- Centre of Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Platt
- Centre of Analytical Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough, Leicestershire LE11 3TU, United Kingdom.
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Hauer P, Le Ru EC, Willmott GR. Co-ordinated detection of microparticles using tunable resistive pulse sensing and fluorescence spectroscopy. BIOMICROFLUIDICS 2015; 9:014110. [PMID: 25713692 PMCID: PMC4312361 DOI: 10.1063/1.4905874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 01/01/2015] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Tunable resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) has emerged as a useful tool for particle-by-particle detection and analysis of microparticles and nanoparticles as they pass through a pore in a thin stretchable membrane. We have adapted a TRPS device in order to conduct simultaneous optical measurements of particles passing through the pore. High-resolution fluorescence emission spectra have been recorded for individual 1.9 μm diameter particles at a sampling period of 4.3 ms. These spectra are time-correlated with RPS pulses in a current trace sampled every 20 μs. The flow rate through the pore, controlled by altering the hydrostatic pressure, determines the rate of particle detection. At pressures below 1 kPa, more than 90% of fluorescence and RPS events were matching. At higher pressures, some peaks were missed by the fluorescence technique due to the difference in sampling rates. This technique enhances the particle-by-particle specificity of conventional RPS measurements and could be useful for a range of particle characterization and bioanalysis applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hauer
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington , P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Eric C Le Ru
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Victoria University of Wellington , P.O. Box 600, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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Stenken JA, Poschenrieder AJ. Bioanalytical chemistry of cytokines--a review. Anal Chim Acta 2015; 853:95-115. [PMID: 25467452 PMCID: PMC4717841 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2014.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 10/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytokines are bioactive proteins produced by many different cells of the immune system. Due to their role in different inflammatory disease states and maintaining homeostasis, there is enormous clinical interest in the quantitation of cytokines. The typical standard methods for quantitation of cytokines are immunoassay-based techniques including enzyme-linked immusorbent assays (ELISA) and bead-based immunoassays read by either standard or modified flow cytometers. A review of recent developments in analytical methods for measurements of cytokine proteins is provided. This review briefly covers cytokine biology and the analysis challenges associated with measurement of these biomarker proteins for understanding both health and disease. New techniques applied to immunoassay-based assays are presented along with the uses of aptamers, electrochemistry, mass spectrometry, optical resonator-based methods. Methods used for elucidating the release of cytokines from single cells as well as in vivo collection methods are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie A Stenken
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
| | - Andreas J Poschenrieder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA; Pharmaceutical Radiochemistry, Technische Universität München, Walther-Meißner-Street 3, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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Abstract
This Review focusses on the recent surge in applied research using tunable resistive pulse sensing, a technique used to analyse submicron colloids in aqueous solutions on a particle-by-particle basis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Weatherall
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Victoria University of Wellington
- New Zealand
- Callaghan Innovation
| | - Geoff R. Willmott
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences
- Victoria University of Wellington
- New Zealand
- The Departments of Physics and Chemistry
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Pal AK, Aalaei I, Gadde S, Gaines P, Schmidt D, Demokritou P, Bello D. High resolution characterization of engineered nanomaterial dispersions in complex media using tunable resistive pulse sensing technology. ACS NANO 2014; 8:9003-15. [PMID: 25093451 PMCID: PMC4174089 DOI: 10.1021/nn502219q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/05/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
In vitro toxicity assessment of engineered nanomaterials (ENM), the most common testing platform for ENM, requires prior ENM dispersion, stabilization, and characterization in cell culture media. Dispersion inefficiencies and active aggregation of particles often result in polydisperse and multimodal particle size distributions. Accurate characterization of important properties of such polydisperse distributions (size distribution, effective density, charge, mobility, aggregation kinetics, etc.) is critical for understanding differences in the effective dose delivered to cells as a function of time and dispersion conditions, as well as for nano-bio interactions. Here we have investigated the utility of tunable nanopore resistive pulse sensing (TRPS) technology for characterization of four industry relevant ENMs (oxidized single-walled carbon nanohorns, carbon black, cerium oxide and nickel nanoparticles) in cell culture media containing serum. Harvard dispersion and dosimetry platform was used for preparing ENM dispersions and estimating delivered dose to cells based on dispersion characterization input from dynamic light scattering (DLS) and TRPS. The slopes of cell death vs administered and delivered ENM dose were then derived and compared. We investigated the impact of serum protein content, ENM concentration, and cell medium on the size distributions. The TRPS technology offers higher resolution and sensitivity compared to DLS and unique insights into ENM size distribution and concentration, as well as particle behavior and morphology in complex media. The in vitro dose-response slopes changed significantly for certain nanomaterials when delivered dose to cells was taken into consideration, highlighting the importance of accurate dispersion and dosimetry in in vitro nanotoxicology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anoop K. Pal
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program; Department of Work Environment, College of Health Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Plastics Engineering; Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Iraj Aalaei
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program; Department of Work Environment, College of Health Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Plastics Engineering; Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Suresh Gadde
- Brigham and Women’s Hospital, 45 Francis Street, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Peter Gaines
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program; Department of Work Environment, College of Health Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Plastics Engineering; Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Daniel Schmidt
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program; Department of Work Environment, College of Health Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Plastics Engineering; Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
| | - Dhimiter Bello
- Biomedical Engineering and Biotechnology Program; Department of Work Environment, College of Health Sciences, Department of Biological Sciences, Department of Plastics Engineering; Center for High-Rate Nanomanufacturing, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, Massachusetts 01854, United States
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, United States
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Han Y, Wu H, Liu F, Cheng G, Zhe J. Label-free biomarker assay in a microresistive pulse sensor via immunoaggregation. Anal Chem 2014; 86:9717-22. [PMID: 25226582 DOI: 10.1021/ac502270n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We present a label-free biomarker detection method based on immunoaggregation and resistive pulse sensing technology. In this approach, target biomarkers and antibody (Ab)-functionalized microparticles are mixed to form biomarker-microparticle aggregates. A resistive pulse sensor is then used to measure the sizes and count the number of aggregates. The measured volume fraction of the aggregates represents the concentration of the targeted biomarker. In our tests, human ferritin, used as a biomarker, triggered the aggregation of antiferritin Ab-functionalized microparticles in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). The volume fraction of aggregates increased with the increased ferritin concentration. We also demonstrated the detection of human ferritin in 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) to mimic a real detection environment in complex media. The detection range from 0.1 to 208 ng/mL was achieved. In addition, we demonstrated that the detection range can be shifted to lower and higher concentrations by decreasing and increasing microparticle concentrations. This biomarker detection method is label-free, rapid, and able to quantitatively measure the concentration of any macromolecular biomarker as long as an antibody can be found, with simple measurement setup and sample preparations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, and ‡Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Akron , Akron, Ohio 44325, United States
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Lin X, Chen Q, Liu W, Yi L, Li H, Wang Z, Lin JM. Assay of multiplex proteins from cell metabolism based on tunable aptamer and microchip electrophoresis. Biosens Bioelectron 2014; 63:105-111. [PMID: 25063921 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2014.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2014] [Revised: 06/29/2014] [Accepted: 07/05/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A simple and rapid method for multiplex protein assay based on tunable aptamer by microchip electrophoresis has been developed. Different lengths of aptamers can modulate the electrophoretic mobility of proteins, allowing the protein molecules to be effectively separated in hydroxyethyl cellulose buffer with 1.00 mM magnesium ion. A non-specific DNA was exploited as an internal standard to achieve the quantitative assay and to reduce the interference. A fluorescence dye SYBR gold was exploited to improve the sensitivity and to suppress the interference from sample matrix. Under optimum conditions, quantitative assay of PDGF-BB (R(2)=0.9986), VEGF165 (R(2)=0.9909), and thrombin (R(2)=0.9947) were achieved with a dynamic range in the 5.00-150.0 nM and RSDs in the 5.87-16.3% range. The recoveries were varied from 83.6% to 113.1%. Finally, the proposed method was successfully applied to analyze cell secretions, and then the concentration of PDGF-BB and VEGF165 were detected from 5.15 nM to 2.03 nM, and 3.14 to 2.53 nM, respectively, indicating the established method can be used to analyze cell secretions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuexia Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Qiushui Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Wu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Linglu Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Haifang Li
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Zhihua Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China
| | - Jin-Ming Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Beijing Key Laboratory of Microanalytical Methods and Instrumentation, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.
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