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Wang Y, Wang Y, Jian M, Jiang Q, Li X. MXene Key Composites: A New Arena for Gas Sensors. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2024; 16:209. [PMID: 38842597 PMCID: PMC11156835 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-024-01430-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2024] [Accepted: 04/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
With the development of science and technology, the scale of industrial production continues to grow, and the types and quantities of gas raw materials used in industrial production and produced during the production process are also constantly increasing. These gases include flammable and explosive gases, and even contain toxic gases. Therefore, it is very important and necessary for gas sensors to detect and monitor these gases quickly and accurately. In recent years, a new two-dimensional material called MXene has attracted widespread attention in various applications. Their abundant surface functional groups and sites, excellent current conductivity, tunable surface chemistry, and outstanding stability make them promising for gas sensor applications. Since the birth of MXene materials, researchers have utilized the efficient and convenient solution etching preparation, high flexibility, and easily functionalize MXene with other materials to prepare composites for gas sensing. This has opened a new chapter in high-performance gas sensing materials and provided a new approach for advanced sensor research. However, previous reviews on MXene-based composite materials in gas sensing only focused on the performance of gas sensing, without systematically explaining the gas sensing mechanisms generated by different gases, as well as summarizing and predicting the advantages and disadvantages of MXene-based composite materials. This article reviews the latest progress in the application of MXene-based composite materials in gas sensing. Firstly, a brief summary was given of the commonly used methods for preparing gas sensing device structures, followed by an introduction to the key attributes of MXene related to gas sensing performance. This article focuses on the performance of MXene-based composite materials used for gas sensing, such as MXene/graphene, MXene/Metal oxide, MXene/Transition metal sulfides (TMDs), MXene/Metal-organic framework (MOF), MXene/Polymer. It summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of MXene composite materials with different composites and discusses the possible gas sensing mechanisms of MXene-based composite materials for different gases. Finally, future directions and inroads of MXenes-based composites in gas sensing are presented and discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Min Jian
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Systems Science in Metallurgical Process, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinting Jiang
- Key Materials and Components of Electrical Vehicles for Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, People's Republic of China
| | - Xifei Li
- Key Materials and Components of Electrical Vehicles for Overseas Expertise Introduction Center for Discipline Innovation, Institute of Advanced Electrochemical Energy and School of Materials Science and Engineering, Xi'an University of Technology, Xi'an, 710048, People's Republic of China.
- College of Materials Science and Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou, 350108, Fujian, People's Republic of China.
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Pawar KK, Kumar A, Mirzaei A, Kumar M, Kim HW, Kim SS. 2D nanomaterials for realization of flexible and wearable gas sensors: A review. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 352:141234. [PMID: 38278446 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2024.141234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 01/03/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Gas sensors are extensively employed for monitoring and detection of hazardous gases and vapors. Many of them are produced on rigid substrates, but flexible and wearable gas sensors are needed for intriguing usage including the internet of things (IoT) and medical devices. The materials with the greatest potential for the fabrication of flexible and wearable gas sensing devices are two-dimensional (2D) semiconducting nanomaterials, which consist of graphene and its substitutes, transition metal dichalcogenides, and MXenes. These types of materials have good mechanical flexibility, high charge carrier mobility, a large area of surface, an abundance of defects and dangling bonds, and, in certain instances adequate transparency and ease of synthesis. In this review, we have addressed the different 2D nonmaterial properties for gas sensing in the context of fabrication of flexible/wearable gas sensors. We have discussed the sensing performance of flexible/wearable gas sensors in various forms such as pristine, composite and noble metal decorated. We believe that content of this review paper is greatly useful for the researchers working in the research area of fabrication of flexible/wearable gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishna Kiran Pawar
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea; The Research Institute of Industrial Science, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea; School of Nanoscience and Technology, Shivaji University, Kolhapur, 416004, India
| | - Ashok Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, 342030, India
| | - Ali Mirzaei
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Shiraz University of Technology, Shiraz, 715557-13876, Iran
| | - Mahesh Kumar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Jodhpur, 342030, India; Department of Cybernetics, Nanotechnology and Data Processing, Faculty of Automatic Control, Electronics and Computer Science, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 16, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Hyoun Woo Kim
- Division of Materials Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
| | - Sang Sub Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Inha University, Incheon, 22212, South Korea.
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Wang Y, Wang Y, Kuai Y, Jian M. "Visualization" Gas-Gas Sensors Based on High Performance Novel MXenes Materials. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2305250. [PMID: 37661585 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202305250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
The detection of toxic, harmful, explosive, and volatile gases cannot be separated from gas sensors, and gas sensors are also used to monitor the greenhouse effect and air pollution. However, existing gas sensors remain with many drawbacks, such as lower sensitivity, lower selectivity, and unstable room temperature detection. Thus, there is an imperative need to find more suitable sensing materials. The emergence of a new 2D layered material MXenes has brought dawn to solve this problem. The multiple advantages of MXenes, namely high specific surface area, enriched terminal functionality groups, hydrophilicity, and good electrical conductivity, make them among the most prolific gas-sensing materials. Therefore, this review paper describes the current main synthesis methods of MXenes materials, and focuses on summarizing and organizing the latest research results of MXenes in gas sensing applications. It also introduces the possible gas sensing mechanisms of MXenes materials on NH3 , NO2 , CH3 , and volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In conclusion, it provides insight into the problems and upcoming challenges of MXenes materials for gas sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yitong Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Science in Metallurgical Process, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Yuhua Wang
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Science in Metallurgical Process, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Yanbing Kuai
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Science in Metallurgical Process, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
| | - Min Jian
- Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Science in Metallurgical Process, Wuhan University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430081, China
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Zhao G, Sun J, Zhang M, Guo S, Wang X, Li J, Tong Y, Zhao X, Tang Q, Liu Y. Highly Strain-Stable Intrinsically Stretchable Olfactory Sensors for Imperceptible Health Monitoring. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2302974. [PMID: 37610561 PMCID: PMC10582427 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202302974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Intrinsically stretchable gas sensors possess outstanding advantages in seamless conformability and high-comfort wearability for real-time detection toward skin/respiration gases, making them promising candidates for health monitoring and non-invasive disease diagnosis and therapy. However, the strain-induced deformation of the sensitive semiconductor layers possibly causes the sensing signal drift, resulting in failure in achievement of the reliable gas detection. Herein, a surprising result that the stretchable organic polymers present a universal strain-insensitive gas sensing property is shown. All the stretchable polymers with different degrees of crystallinity, including indacenodithiophene-benzothiadiazole (PIDTBT), diketo-pyrrolo-pyrrole bithiophene thienothiophene (DPPT-TT) and poly[4-(4,4-dihexadecyl-4H-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b']dithiophen-2-yl)-alt-[1,2,5]thiad-iazolo [3,4-c] pyridine] (PCDTPT), show almost unchanged gas response signals in the different stretching states. This outstanding advantage enables the intrinsically stretchable devices to imperceptibly adhere on human skin and well conform to the versatile deformations such as bending, twisting, and stretching, with the highly strain-stable gas sensing property. The intrinsically stretchable PIDTBT sensor also demonstrates the excellent selectivity toward the skin-emitted trimethylamine (TMA) gas, with a theoretical limit of detection as low as 0.3 ppb. The work provides new insights into the preparation of the reliable skin-like gas sensors and highlights the potential applications in the real-time detection of skin gas and respiration gas for non-invasive medical treatment and disease diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guodong Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024P. R. China
| | - Jing Sun
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024P. R. China
| | - Mingxin Zhang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024P. R. China
| | - Shanlei Guo
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024P. R. China
| | - Xue Wang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024P. R. China
| | - Juntong Li
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024P. R. China
| | - Yanhong Tong
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024P. R. China
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024P. R. China
| | - Qingxin Tang
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024P. R. China
| | - Yichun Liu
- Center for Advanced Optoelectronic Functional Materials Research and Key Lab of UV‐Emitting Materials and Technology of Ministry of EducationNortheast Normal UniversityChangchun130024P. R. China
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Wang Z, Jing X, Duan S, Liu C, Kang D, Xu X, Chen J, Xia Y, Chang B, Zhao C, Zhu B, Xu T, Lin H, Lu W, Ren Y, Sun L, Wu J, Tao L. 2D PtSe 2 Enabled Wireless Wearable Gas Monitoring Circuits with Distinctive Strain-Enhanced Performance. ACS NANO 2023. [PMID: 37294879 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c01582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The application of 2D materials-based flexible electronics in wearable scenarios is limited due to performance degradation under strain fields. In contrast to its negative role in existing transistors or sensors, herein, we discover a positive effect of strain to the ammonia detection in 2D PtSe2. Linear modulation of sensitivity is achieved in flexible 2D PtSe2 sensors via a customized probe station with an in situ strain loading apparatus. For trace ammonia absorption, a 300% enhancement in room-temperature sensitivity (31.67% ppm-1) and an ultralow limit of detection (50 ppb) are observed under 1/4 mm-1 curvature strain. We identify three types of strain-sensitive adsorption sites in layered PtSe2 and pinpoint that basal-plane lattice distortion contributes to better sensing performance resulting from reduced absorption energy and larger charge transfer density. Furthermore, we demonstrate state-of-the-art 2D PtSe2-based wireless wearable integrated circuits, which allow real-time gas sensing data acquisition, processing, and transmission through a Bluetooth module to user terminals. The circuits exhibit a wide detection range with a maximum sensitivity value of 0.026 V·ppm-1 and a low energy consumption below 2 mW.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehan Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xu Jing
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Shengshun Duan
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Chang Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Dingxuan Kang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Xiao Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jiayi Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yier Xia
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Bo Chang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Chengdong Zhao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Beibei Zhu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Tao Xu
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Center of 2D Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Huiwen Lin
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Weibing Lu
- Center for Flexible RF Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Yuan Ren
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Litao Sun
- SEU-FEI Nano-Pico Center, Key Lab of MEMS of Ministry of Education, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
- Center of 2D Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
| | - Jun Wu
- School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Li Tao
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Center of 2D Materials, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
- Center for Flexible RF Technology, Southeast University, Nanjing 211189, China
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Fadojutimi P, Masemola C, Maubane-Nkadimeng M, Linganiso E, Tetana Z, Moma J, Moloto N, Gqoba S. Room temperature sensing of primary alcohols via polyaniline/zirconium disulphide. Heliyon 2023; 9:e16216. [PMID: 37234642 PMCID: PMC10205633 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Among the primary alcohols, ethanol is referred to as a heavy chemical due to its many applications in a variety of industries. Detection of primary alcohols can be deployed as a non-invasive method in medical diagnosis and safety measures in food processing companies. Zirconium disulphide is a novel 2D layered material with exotic features when in mono or few layers, which include fast electron transport, high carrier mobility and sizeable band gap. ZrS2 and PANI were fabricated using liquid exfoliation and chemical polymerization methods respectively. Functionalization of the conducting polyaniline with ZrS2 was done using facile sonication process. The sensor showed good sensitivities (43%, 58% and 104%) which were estimated from slopes of the linear fitted plots with fast response-recovery times of 8 s and 27 s (111 ppm); 12 s and 130 s (77 ppm); and 58 s and 88 s (58 ppm). Good reproducibility at three repeated measurements (111 ppm, 77 ppm and 58 ppm) was also observed for methanol, ethanol, and isopropanol vapours respectively. Meanwhile, the sensor displayed more linearity and sensitivity towards isopropanol compared to methanol and ethanol. The sensor showed good performance even at RH values close to 100% making it a potential alcohol breath analyser.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Fadojutimi
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Clinton Masemola
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Manoko Maubane-Nkadimeng
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Ella Linganiso
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Zikhona Tetana
- Microscopy and Microanalysis Unit, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - John Moma
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Nosipho Moloto
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
| | - Siziwe Gqoba
- Molecular Sciences Institute, School of Chemistry, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2050, South Africa
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Tian X, Cui X, Xiao Y, Chen T, Xiao X, Wang Y. Pt/MoS 2/Polyaniline Nanocomposite as a Highly Effective Room Temperature Flexible Gas Sensor for Ammonia Detection. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:9604-9617. [PMID: 36762895 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
A Pt/MoS2/polyaniline (Pt/MoS2/PANI) nanocomposite is successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal process combined with the in situ polymerization method, and then Pt particles are decorated on its surface. The Pt/MoS2/PANI nanocomposite is deposited on a flexible Au-interdigitated electrode of a polyimide (PI) film. The flexible sensor exhibits a higher response value and fast response/recovery time to NH3 at room temperature (RT). It results in 2.32-fold and 1.13-fold improvement in the gas-sensing response toward 50 ppm NH3 compared to those of PANI and MoS2/PANI-based gas sensors. The detection limit is 250 ppb. The enhancement sensing mechanisms are attributed to the p-n heterojunction and the Schottky barrier between the three components, which has been confirmed by the current-voltage (I-V) curves. A satisfactory selectivity to NH3 against trimethylamine (TMA) and triethylamine (TEA) is obtained according to density functional theory (DFT), Bader's analysis, and differential charge density to illustrate the adsorption behavior and charge transfer of gas molecules on the surface of the sensing materials. The sensor retains the excellent sensing response value even under high relative humidity and sensing stability at higher bending angle/numbers to NH3 gas. Hence, Pt/MoS2/PANI can be regarded as a promising sensing material for high-performance NH3 detection at room temperature applied in flexible wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Tian
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming6500504, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxiu Cui
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming6500504, People's Republic of China
| | - Yawei Xiao
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming6500504, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Chen
- Institute of Materials Science & Devices, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou215009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuechun Xiao
- Key Lab of Quantum Information of Yunnan Province, Yunnan University, Kunming6500504, People's Republic of China
| | - Yude Wang
- National Center for International Research on Photoelectric and Energy Materials, School of Materials and Energy, Yunnan University, Kunming6500504, People's Republic of China
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Carbon Neutrality and Green Low-Carbon Technologies, Yunnan University, Kunming650504, People's Republic of China
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8
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He T, Wen F, Yang Y, Le X, Liu W, Lee C. Emerging Wearable Chemical Sensors Enabling Advanced Integrated Systems toward Personalized and Preventive Medicine. Anal Chem 2023; 95:490-514. [PMID: 36625107 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyiyi He
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Feng Wen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Yanqin Yang
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Xianhao Le
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Weixin Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
| | - Chengkuo Lee
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore, 4 Engineering Drive 3, Singapore 117583, Singapore.,Center for Intelligent Sensors and MEMS, National University of Singapore, Block E6 #05-11, 5 Engineering Drive 1, Singapore 117608, Singapore
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Xu J, Zhang L, Lai X, Zeng X, Li H. Wearable RGO/MXene Piezoresistive Pressure Sensors with Hierarchical Microspines for Detecting Human Motion. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:27262-27273. [PMID: 35652498 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c06574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Flexible piezoresistive pressure sensors may exhibit excellent sensing performances to be applied in wearable electronics, medical diagnosis, and electronic skin. Herein, we report a multi-layer and phased-responsive reduced graphene oxide/MXene-based piezoresistive pressure sensor with hierarchical microspines constructed by sandpaper as the template. Thanks to the multi-level and multi-layer structure, the obtained sensor realized phased response and showed wide detection range (up to 70 kPa), fast response (response/recovery time of 40/80 ms), and excellent working stability (1000 fatigue cycles). Furthermore, the sensor was successfully applied for detecting various human motions including pulse beats, cheek bulging, nodding, finger bending, speech recognition, handwriting, and other pressure signals. Besides, a 6 × 6 sensing matrix integrated by the sensors was able to sensitively perceive the distribution of plane pressure. The findings in this work conceivably stand out as a new strategy to fabricate high-performance piezoresistive pressure sensors in the fields of intelligent healthcare and medical diagnosis, wearable electronic devices, electronic skin, and human-machine interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junhuang Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuejun Lai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xingrong Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Laboratory of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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10
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A Wearable Electrochemical Gas Sensor for Ammonia Detection. SENSORS 2021; 21:s21237905. [PMID: 34883908 PMCID: PMC8659774 DOI: 10.3390/s21237905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The next future strategies for improved occupational safety and health management could largely benefit from wearable and Internet of Things technologies, enabling the real-time monitoring of health-related and environmental information to the wearer, to emergency responders, and to inspectors. The aim of this study is the development of a wearable gas sensor for the detection of NH3 at room temperature based on the organic semiconductor poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), electrochemically deposited iridium oxide particles, and a hydrogel film. The hydrogel composition was finely optimised to obtain self-healing properties, as well as the desired porosity, adhesion to the substrate, and stability in humidity variations. Its chemical structure and morphology were characterised by infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, respectively, and were found to play a key role in the transduction process and in the achievement of a reversible and selective response. The sensing properties rely on a potentiometric-like mechanism that significantly differs from most of the state-of-the-art NH3 gas sensors and provides superior robustness to the final device. Thanks to the reliability of the analytical response, the simple two-terminal configuration and the low power consumption, the PEDOT:PSS/IrOx Ps/hydrogel sensor was realised on a flexible plastic foil and successfully tested in a wearable configuration with wireless connectivity to a smartphone. The wearable sensor showed stability to mechanical deformations and good analytical performances, with a sensitivity of 60 ± 8 μA decade−1 in a wide concentration range (17–7899 ppm), which includes the safety limits set by law for NH3 exposure.
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11
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Chai C, Yi M, Zhang Z, Huang Z, Fan Q, Hao J. Ultra-Sensitive and Ultra-Stretchable Strain Sensors Based on Emulsion Gels with Broad Operating Temperature. Chemistry 2021; 27:13161-13171. [PMID: 34383383 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hydrogels with mechanical elasticity and conductivity are ideal materials in wearable devices. However, traditional hydrogels are fragile upon mechanical loading and lose functions in climate change because the internal water undergoes freeze and dehydration. Herein, we synthesize stable emulsions at high and low temperatures by introducing glycerol into the W/W emulsions. Then the high-stable emulsions are used as templates to produce the freestanding emulsion gels with enhanced mechanical strength and conductivity. The introduction of glycerol endows emulsions and emulsion gels with high and low temperature resistance (-20 to 90 °C). The fabricated strain sensors based on emulsion gels show high sensitivity (gauge factor=6.240), high stretchability (1081 %), fatigue resistance, self-healing and adhesion properties, realizing the repeatable and accurate detection of various human motions. These high-performance and eco-friendly emulsion gels can be promising candidates for next-generation artificial skin and human-machine interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiao Chai
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry and, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials (Ministry of Education) & State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Mengjiao Yi
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry and, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials (Ministry of Education) & State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhuo Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry and, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials (Ministry of Education) & State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry and, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials (Ministry of Education) & State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Qi Fan
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry and, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials (Ministry of Education) & State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
| | - Jingcheng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Colloid and Interface Chemistry and, Key Laboratory of Special Functional Materials (Ministry of Education) & State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan, 250100, P. R. China
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12
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Banga I, Paul A, Sardesai AU, Muthukumar S, Prasad S. ZEUS (ZIF-based electrochemical ultrasensitive screening) device for isopentane analytics with focus on lung cancer diagnosis. RSC Adv 2021; 11:20519-20528. [PMID: 35479925 PMCID: PMC9033977 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra03093k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Breath analytics is currently being explored for the development of point-of-care devices in non-invasive disease detection. It is based on the measurement of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and gases that are produced by the body because of the metabolic pathways. The levels of these metabolites vary due to alteration in the endogenous oxidative stress-related metabolic pathways and can be correlated to understand the underlying disease condition. The levels of exhaled hydrocarbons in human breath can be used to design a rapid, easy to use method for lung cancer detection. This work outlines the development of an electrochemical sensing platform that can be used for the non-invasive diagnosis of lung cancer by monitoring isopentane levels in breath. This electrochemical sensor platform involves the use of [BMIM]BF4@ZIF-8 for sensing the target analyte. This synthesized nanocomposite offers advantages for gas sensing applications as it possesses unique properties such as an electrochemically active Room Temperature Ionic Liquid (RTIL) and a crosslinking Metal Organic Framework (MOF) that provides increased surface area for gas absorption. This is the first report of a hydrocarbon-based sensor platform developed for lung cancer diagnosis. The developed sensor platform displays sensitivity and specificity for the detection of isopentane up to 600 parts-per-billion. We performed structural and morphological characterization of the synthesized nanocomposite using various analytical techniques such as PXRD, FESEM, FTIR, and DLS. We further analyzed the electrochemical activity of the synthesized nanocomposite using a standard glassy carbon electrode. The application of the nanocomposite for isopentane sensing was done using a commercially available carbon screen printed electrode. The results so obtained helped in strengthening our hypothesis and serve as a proof-of-concept for the development of a breathomics-enabled electrochemical strategy. We illustrated the specificity of the developed nanocomposite by cross-reactivity studies. We envision that the detection platform will allow sensitive and specific sensing of isopentane levels such that it can used for point of care applications in noninvasive and early diagnosis of lung cancer, thereby leading to its early treatment and decrease in mortality rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ivneet Banga
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas 75080 USA
| | - Anirban Paul
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas 75080 USA
| | - Abha Umesh Sardesai
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas 75080 USA
| | - Sriram Muthukumar
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas 75080 USA
- EnLiSense LLC 1813 Audubon Pond Way Allen TX 75013 USA
| | - Shalini Prasad
- Department of Bioengineering, University of Texas at Dallas Richardson Texas 75080 USA
- EnLiSense LLC 1813 Audubon Pond Way Allen TX 75013 USA
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Luo G, Xie L, He M, Jaisutti R, Zhu Z. Flexible fabric gas sensors based on reduced graphene-polyaniline nanocomposite for highly sensitive NH 3detection at room temperature. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2021; 32:305501. [PMID: 33794514 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/abf455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A flexible fabric gas sensor for the detection of sub-ppm-level NH3is reported in this paper. The reduced graphene oxide (rGO)-polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite was successfully coated on cotton thread via anin situpolymerization technique. The morphology, microstructure and composition were analyzed by field-emission scanning electron microscope, x-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy. Furthermore, we have studied the responses of the rGO-PANI nanocomposite-based flexible sensors for the detection of NH3varying from 1-100 ppm, operated at 22 °C. At the optimized concentration of rGO, the response of these sensors increased by 4-5 times in comparison with the pristine rGO and PANI. These flexible sensors exhibited fast response, remarkable long-term stability, good selectivity and a low detection limit. The sensing mechanism for the high sensing performance has been thoroughly discussed and it is mainly due to the distinctive 1D fiber structure, the formation of a p-p heterojunction between the rGO nanosheets and PANI. The rGO-PANI composite-based fabric sensor with low power consumption is a potential flexible electronic device for the detection of NH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guifang Luo
- School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Xie
- School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, People's Republic of China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Advanced Thermal Functional Materials, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, People's Republic of China
| | - Meng He
- School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, People's Republic of China
| | - Rawat Jaisutti
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
- Research Unit in Innovative Sensor and Nanoelectronic Devices, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand
| | - Zhigang Zhu
- School of Environmental and Materials Engineering, College of Engineering, Shanghai Polytechnic University, Shanghai, 201209, People's Republic of China
- School of Medical Instrument and Food Engineering, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200093, People's Republic of China
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14
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Liu Z, Wan K, Zhu T, Zhu J, Xu J, Zhang C, Liu T. Superelastic, Fatigue-Resistant, and Flame-Retardant Spongy Conductor for Human Motion Detection against a Harsh High-Temperature Condition. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2021; 13:7580-7591. [PMID: 33541076 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c20852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The construction of wearable piezoresistive sensors with high elasticity, large gauge factor, and excellent durability in a harsh high-temperature environment is highly desired yet challenging. Here, a lightweight, superelastic, and fatigue-resistant spongy conductor was fabricated via a sponge-constrained network assembly, during which highly conductive graphene and flame-retardant montmorillonite were alternatively deposited on a three-dimensional melamine scaffold. The as-obtained spongy conductor exhibited a highly deformation-tolerant conductivity up to 80% strain and excellent fatigue resistance of 10,000 compressive cycles at 70% strain. As a result, the spongy conductor can readily work as a piezoresistive sensor and exhibited a high gauge factor value of ∼2.3 in a strain range of 60-80% and excellent durability under 60% strain for 10,000 cycles without sacrificing its piezoresistive performance. Additionally, the piezoresistive sensor showed great thermal stability up to 250 °C for more than 7 days and sufficient flame-retardant performance for at least 20 s. This lightweight, superelastic, and flame-retardant spongy conductor reveals tremendous potential in human motion detection against a harsh high-temperature environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhichong Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Kening Wan
- School of Engineering and Materials Science, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 4NS, U.K
| | - Tianyi Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Jixin Zhu
- Shaanxi Institute of Flexible Electronics (SIFE), Northwestern Polytechnical University (NPU), 127 West Youyi Road, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Jingsan Xu
- School of Chemistry, Physics and Mechanical Engineering, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Queensland 4001, Australia
| | - Chao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
| | - Tianxi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Innovation Center for Textile Science and Technology, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Biological Colloids, Ministry of Education, School of Chemical and Material Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, P. R. China
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15
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Banga I, Paul A, Sardesai AU, Muthukumar S, Prasad S. M.A.T.H: Methanol vapor analytics through handheld sensing platform. Electrochim Acta 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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16
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Yi N, Shen M, Erdely D, Cheng H. Stretchable gas sensors for detecting biomarkers from humans and exposed environments. Trends Analyt Chem 2020; 133:116085. [PMID: 33244191 PMCID: PMC7685242 DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2020.116085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The recent advent of stretchable gas sensors demonstrates their capabilities to detect not only gaseous biomarkers from the human body but also toxic gas species from the exposed environment. To ensure accurate gas detection without device breakdown from the mechanical deformations, the stretchable gas sensors often rely on the direct integration of gas-sensitive nanomaterials on the stretchable substrate or fibrous network, as well as being configured into stretchable structures. The nanomaterials in the forms of nanoparticles, nanowires, or thin-films with nanometer thickness are explored for a variety of sensing materials. The commonly used stretchable structures in the stretchable gas sensors include wrinkled structures from a pre-strain strategy, island-bridge layouts or serpentine interconnects, strain isolation approaches, and their combinations. This review aims to summarize the recent advancement in novel nanomaterials, sensor design innovations, and new fabrication approaches of stretchable gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Mingzhou Shen
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Daniel Erdely
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Huanyu Cheng
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
- Department of Engineering Science and Mechanics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
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17
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Wu J, Wu Z, Huang W, Yang X, Liang Y, Tao K, Yang BR, Shi W, Xie X. Stretchable, Stable, and Room-Temperature Gas Sensors Based on Self-Healing and Transparent Organohydrogels. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:52070-52081. [PMID: 33147020 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c17669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Conductive hydrogels have emerged as promising candidate materials for fabricating wearable electronics because of their fascinating stimuli-responsive and mechanical properties. However, the inherent instability of hydrogels seriously limits their application scope. Herein, the stable, ultrastretchable (upon to 1330% strain), self-healing, and transparent organohydrogel was exploited as a novel gas-responsive material to fabricate NH3 and NO2 gas sensors for the first time with extraordinary performance. A facile solvent substitution method was employed to convert the unstable hydrogel into the organohydrogel with a remarkable moisture retention (avoid drying within a year), frost resistance (freezing point below -130 °C), and unimpaired mechanical and gas sensing properties. First-principles simulations were performed to uncover the mechanisms of antidrying and antifreezing effects of organohydrogels and the interactions between NH3/NO2 and organohydrogels, revealing the vital role of hydrogen bonds in enhancing the stability and the adsorption of NH3/NO2 on the organohydrogel. The organohydrogel gas sensor displayed high sensitivity, ultralow theoretical limit of detection (91.6 and 3.5 ppb for NH3 and NO2, respectively), reversibility, and fast recovery at room temperature. It exhibited the capabilities to work at a highly deformed state with nondegraded sensing performance and restore all the electrical, mechanical, and sensing properties after mechanical damage. The gas sensing mechanism was understood by considering the gas adsorption on functional groups, dissolution in the solvent, and the hindering effect on the transport of ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Zixuan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenxi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Xing Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Yuning Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Kai Tao
- The Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Micro and Nano Systems for Aerospace, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710072, P. R. China
| | - Bo-Ru Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
| | - Wenxiong Shi
- Institute for New Energy Materials and Low Carbon Technologies, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China
| | - Xi Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and the Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Display Material and Technology, School of Electronics and Information Technology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
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Peng B, Zhao F, Ping J, Ying Y. Recent Advances in Nanomaterial-Enabled Wearable Sensors: Material Synthesis, Sensor Design, and Personal Health Monitoring. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2002681. [PMID: 32893485 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202002681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Wearable sensors have gained much attention due to their potential in personal health monitoring in a timely, cost-effective, easy-operating, and noninvasive way. In recent studies, nanomaterials have been employed in wearable sensors to improve the sensing performance in view of their excellent properties. Here, focus is mainly on the nanomaterial-enabled wearable sensors and their latest advances in personal health monitoring. Different kinds of nanomaterials used in wearable sensors, such as metal nanoparticles, carbon nanomaterials, metallic nanomaterials, hybrid nanocomposites, and bio-nanomaterials, are reviewed. Then, the progress of nanomaterial-based wearable sensors in personal health monitoring, including the detection of ions and molecules in body fluids and exhaled breath, physiological signals, and emotion parameters, is discussed. Furthermore, the future challenges and opportunities of nanomaterial-enabled wearable sensors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Peng
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Fengnian Zhao
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Ping
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
| | - Yibin Ying
- Laboratory of Agricultural Information Intelligent Sensing, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, P. R. China
- Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou, 311300, P. R. China
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19
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20
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Nguyen T, Khine M. Advances in Materials for Soft Stretchable Conductors and Their Behavior under Mechanical Deformation. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1454. [PMID: 32610500 PMCID: PMC7408380 DOI: 10.3390/polym12071454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Soft stretchable sensors rely on polymers that not only withstand large deformations while retaining functionality but also allow for ease of application to couple with the body to capture subtle physiological signals. They have been applied towards motion detection and healthcare monitoring and can be integrated into multifunctional sensing platforms for enhanced human machine interface. Most advances in sensor development, however, have been aimed towards active materials where nearly all approaches rely on a silicone-based substrate for mechanical stability and stretchability. While silicone use has been advantageous in academic settings, conventional silicones cannot offer self-healing capability and can suffer from manufacturing limitations. This review aims to cover recent advances made in polymer materials for soft stretchable conductors. New developments in substrate materials that are compliant and stretchable but also contain self-healing properties and self-adhesive capabilities are desirable for the mechanical improvement of stretchable electronics. We focus on materials for stretchable conductors and explore how mechanical deformation impacts their performance, summarizing active and substrate materials, sensor performance criteria, and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thao Nguyen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
| | - Michelle Khine
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA;
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
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21
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Chen J, Zhu Y, Huang J, Zhang J, Pan D, Zhou J, Ryu JE, Umar A, Guo Z. Advances in Responsively Conductive Polymer Composites and Sensing Applications. POLYM REV 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2020.1734818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jianwen Chen
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Yutian Zhu
- College of Materials, Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Hangzhou Normal University, Yuhang District, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinrui Huang
- Key Laboratory of Biomass Energy and Material, Jiangsu Province; Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering of Forest Products, National Forestry and Grassland Administration; National Engineering Laboratory for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jiaoxia Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Duo Pan
- College of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, Shandong, China
- Key Laboratory of Materials Processing and Mold (Zhengzhou University), Ministry of Education, National Engineering Research Center for Advanced Polymer Processing Technology, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Juying Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Guangxi University for Nationalities, Nanning, China
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
| | - Jong E. Ryu
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA
| | - Ahmad Umar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science and Arts, Promising Centre for Sensors and Electronic Devices (PCSED), Najran University, Najran, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Zhanhu Guo
- Integrated Composites Laboratory (ICL), Department of Chemical & Biomolecular Engineering, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA
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22
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Tanguy NR, Wiltshire B, Arjmand M, Zarifi MH, Yan N. Highly Sensitive and Contactless Ammonia Detection Based on Nanocomposites of Phosphate-Functionalized Reduced Graphene Oxide/Polyaniline Immobilized on Microstrip Resonators. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2020; 12:9746-9754. [PMID: 31995354 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b21063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is a key compound in a variety of industrial sectors, including automotive, chemical, and food. Its hazardous effects on the environment and human health require the implementation of proper safety guidelines and monitoring techniques. An attractive approach is to add sensing functionality to low-cost wireless communication devices to allow for the monitoring/mapping of the chemical environment across a large area. This study outlines a highly sensitive contactless ammonia gas sensor with the potential for continuous and wireless mapping of ammonia emissions by integrating an antenna on the device. The devices were fabricated by casting a novel advanced sensing nanocomposite, polyaniline (PANI), and phosphate-functionalized reduced graphene oxide (P-rGO) on split-ring resonators (SRRs). P-rGO incorporation in PANI produced a positive-sensing synergistic effect to multiply the sensing response severalfold to ammonia and dimethylamine gases. Furthermore, we identified that the modification of the semiconductive behavior of the nanosheets, achieved via phosphate functionalization, is the key factor to the positive-sensing synergy observed in the nanocomposites because of the formation of localized heterojunctions. The prepared SRRs exhibited remarkably a low detection limit, ∼1 ppm, to ammonia gas, as well as good stability and selectivity, which paves the path for a novel generation of wireless, chipless, potentially fully printable, and passive sensor platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas R Tanguy
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3E5 , Canada
| | - Benjamin Wiltshire
- School of Engineering , University of British Columbia , Kelowna V1V 1V7 , Canada
| | - Mohammad Arjmand
- School of Engineering , University of British Columbia , Kelowna V1V 1V7 , Canada
| | - Mohammad H Zarifi
- School of Engineering , University of British Columbia , Kelowna V1V 1V7 , Canada
| | - Ning Yan
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry , University of Toronto , Toronto M5S 3E5 , Canada
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23
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Li W, Chen R, Qi W, Cai L, Sun Y, Sun M, Li C, Yang X, Xiang L, Xie D, Ren T. Reduced Graphene Oxide/Mesoporous ZnO NSs Hybrid Fibers for Flexible, Stretchable, Twisted, and Wearable NO 2 E-Textile Gas Sensor. ACS Sens 2019; 4:2809-2818. [PMID: 31566369 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.9b01509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
E-textiles are gaining growing popularity recently due to low cost, light weight, and conformable compatibility with clothes in wearable and portable smart electronics. Here, an easy-handing, low cost, and scalable fabricating strategy is reported to fabricate conductive, highly flexible, and mechanically stretchable/twisted fiber gas sensor with great wearability and knittability. The proposed gas sensor is built using commercially available cotton/elastic threads as flexible/stretchable templates and reduced graphene oxide/mesoporous zinc oxide nanosheets as sensing layers to form conducting fibers. The as-prepared fiber demonstrates sensitive sensing response, excellent long-term stability (84 days), low theoretical detection limit (43.5 ppb NO2), great mechanical deformation tolerance (3000 bending cycles, 1000 twisting cycles and 65% strain strength), and washing durability in room-temperature gas detection. More significantly, scalable wearable characteristics including repairability, reliability, stability, and practicability have been efficiently improved, which are achieved by knotting the fractured fibers, incorporating multiple sensors in series/parallel and weaving multisensor array networks integrated into clothes. The good sensing properties, superior flexibility, and scalable applications of wearable fibers may provide a broad window for widespread monitoring of numerous human activities in personal mobile electronics and human-machine interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Department of Basic Sciences, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710051, China
| | | | | | - Li Cai
- Department of Basic Sciences, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710051, China
| | | | | | - Chuang Li
- Department of Basic Sciences, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710051, China
| | - Xiaokuo Yang
- Department of Basic Sciences, Air Force Engineering University, Xi’an 710051, China
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24
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Jiang T, Wan P, Ren Z, Yan S. Anisotropic Polyaniline/SWCNT Composite Films Prepared by in Situ Electropolymerization on Highly Oriented Polyethylene for High-Efficiency Ammonia Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:38169-38176. [PMID: 31552732 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b13336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Anisotropic composite films of polyaniline (PANI) with single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) were prepared by in situ electropolymerization on highly oriented high-density polyethylene (HDPE) films. Polarized UV-vis and Raman spectra confirm the anisotropic arrangement of PANI molecular chains in the composite films. The conductivities of 16.6 ± 0.2 and 2.07 ± 0.2 S cm-1 have been obtained for doped PANI/0.8 wt % SWCNT measured along and perpendicular to the direction of the HDPE molecular chain, respectively. The response of PANI/0.8 wt % SWCNT films used as ammonia sensors is much higher along the chain direction of HDPE than that perpendicular to the chain direction of HDPE with an anisotropic ratio of 1.8 at 100 ppm ammonia. This is attributed to the well-ordered array of PANI/0.8 wt % SWCNT induced by the oriented HDPE films. Moreover, the high ammonia response for PANI/0.8 wt % SWCNT may be attributed to the charge-transfer effect between PANI and SWCNT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingcong Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , P. R. China
| | - Pengbo Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , P. R. China
| | - Zhongjie Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , P. R. China
| | - Shouke Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, College of Materials Science and Engineering , Beijing University of Chemical Technology , Beijing 100029 , P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Rubber-Plastics, Ministry of Education , Qingdao University of Science & Technology , Qingdao 266042 , P. R. China
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25
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Xiong Y, Li H, Li X, Guo T, Zhu L, Xue Q. Layer-by-layer self-assembly of polyaniline nanofibers/TiO 2 nanotubes heterojunction thin film for ammonia detection at room temperature. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2019; 30:135501. [PMID: 30620930 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/aafc7e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, for the first time, polyaniline nanofibers/TiO2 nanotubes (PANI/TiO2) heterojunction thin film has been prepared on Pt interdigital electrodes by layer-by-layer self-assembly method and applied in room temperature NH3 detection. It is found that the optimal self-assembly layer number is three (PANI/TiO2-3) compared to one layer (PANI/TiO2-1) and five layers (PANI/TiO2-5). The PANI/TiO2-3 thin film sensor possesses superior response characteristics compared with our other PANI based sensors, including higher response value (336%@5 ppm NH3), acceptable response/recovery time (110 s/1 086 s@5 ppm NH3), low detection limit (0.5 ppm), and remarkable selectivity. The enhanced gas sensing performances could be ascribed to the tremendous variation of the carrier concentration caused by the p-n junctions as well as the increased specific surface area and pore volume. This work not only offers a superb strategy to fabricate heterojunction thin film but also accelerates the development of room-temperature operable NH3 sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Xiong
- State Key Laboratory of Heavy Oil Processing, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, Shandong, People's Republic of China. School of Materials Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum, Qingdao 266580, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Jiang Y, Ma J, Lv J, Ma H, Xia H, Wang J, Yang C, Xue M, Li G, Zhu N. Facile Wearable Vapor/Liquid Amphibious Methanol Sensor. ACS Sens 2019; 4:152-160. [PMID: 30584759 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b01111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Detection of methanol is a significant segment for body health and work safety in the production of chemical industry. However, there hardly exists highly selective methanol detection system with green environment for vapor or liquid adaptability, as well as large linear relationship. A facile wearable vapor/liquid amphibious electrochemical sensor for monitoring methanol has been carried out for the first time in this Article. This wearable methanol sensor was fabricated by using a simple screen-printing technology for accomplishing a microdevice platform, showing good linear relationship, high selectivity (multiple volatile chemical compounds), reliable repeatability, good stability, and excellent stretching and bending performance (nitrile glove-based sensor) without pretreatment or adding any polymers into inks. Owing to its good environmental adaptability of vapor or liquid and various sensing behaviors (high sensitivity and wide linear range) by being modified with different content of platinum catalyst, this methanol sensor would have tremendous potential application for environmental monitoring on smart wearable devices when employed based on various platforms (such as PET, cotton, and nitrile gloves).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jiang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Junlin Ma
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Jian Lv
- School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an, Shaanxi 710049, China
| | - Hongting Ma
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Hongbo Xia
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Cheng Yang
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
| | - Mianqi Xue
- Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
| | - Gongyi Li
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, Hu’nan 410073, China
| | - Nan Zhu
- Zhang Dayu School of Chemistry, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian, Liaoning 116024, China
- Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Dalian, Liaoning 116023, China
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Kim JH, Kim SR, Kil HJ, Kim YC, Park JW. Highly Conformable, Transparent Electrodes for Epidermal Electronics. NANO LETTERS 2018; 18:4531-4540. [PMID: 29923729 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.8b01743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
We present a highly conformable, stretchable, and transparent electrode for application in epidermal electronics based on polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) and Ag nanowire (AgNW) networks. With the addition of a small amount of a commercially available nonionic surfactant, Triton X, PDMS became highly adhesive and mechanically compliant, key factors for the development of conformable and stretchable substrates. The polar functional groups present in Triton X interacted with the Pt catalyst present in the PDMS curing agent, thereby hindering the cross-linking reaction of PDMS and modulating the mechanical properties of the polymer. Due to the strong interactions that occur between the polar functional groups of Triton X and AgNWs, AgNWs were effectively embedded in the adhesive PDMS (a-PDMS) matrix, and the highly enhanced conformability, mechanical stretchability, and transparency of the a-PDMS matrix were maintained in the resulting AgNW-embedded a-PDMS matrix. Finally, wearable strain and electrocardiogram (ECG) sensors were fabricated from the AgNW-embedded a-PDMS. The a-PDMS-based strain and ECG sensors exhibited significantly improved sensing performances compared with those of the bare PDMS-based sensors because of the better stretchability and conformability to the skin of the former sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Hoon Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Seung-Rok Kim
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
| | - Hye-Jun Kil
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Yu-Chan Kim
- Biomedical Research Institute, Korea Institute of Science and Technology , Seoul 02792 , Korea
| | - Jin-Woo Park
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , Yonsei University , Seoul 03722 , Korea
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Song Z, Huang Z, Liu J, Hu Z, Zhang J, Zhang G, Yi F, Jiang S, Lian J, Yan J, Zang J, Liu H. Fully Stretchable and Humidity-Resistant Quantum Dot Gas Sensors. ACS Sens 2018; 3:1048-1055. [PMID: 29737152 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.8b00263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Stretchable gas sensors that accommodate the shape and motion characteristics of human body are indispensable to a wearable or attachable smart sensing system. However, these gas sensors usually have poor response and recovery kinetics when operated at room temperature, and especially suffer from humidity interference and mechanical robustness issues. Here, we demonstrate the first fully stretchable gas sensors which are operated at room temperature with enhanced stability against humidity. We created a crumpled quantum dot (QD) sensing layer on elastomeric substrate with flexible graphene as electrodes. Through the control over the prestrain of the flexible substrate, we achieved a 5.8 times improvement in NO2 response at room temperature with desirable stretchability even under 1000 stretch/relax cycles mechanism deformation. The uniformly wavy structural configuration of the crumpled QD gas-sensing layer enabled an improvement in the antihumidity interference. The sensor response shows a minor vibration of 15.9% at room temperature from relative humidity of 0 to 86.7% compared to that of the flat-film sensors with vibration of 84.2%. The successful assembly of QD solids into a crumpled gas-sensing layer enabled a body-attachable, mechanically robust, and humidity-resistant gas sensor, opening up a new pathway to room-temperature operable gas sensors which may be implemented in future smart sensing systems such as stretchable electronic nose and multipurpose electronic skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhilong Song
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Zhao Huang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
- Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jingyao Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Zhixiang Hu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jianbing Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Guangzu Zhang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Fei Yi
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Shenglin Jiang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Jiabiao Lian
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Jia Yan
- Institute for Energy Research, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu 212013, P. R. China
| | - Jianfeng Zang
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
- Innovation Institute, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
| | - Huan Liu
- School of Optical and Electronic Information, Engineering Research Center for Functional Ceramics, Ministry of Education, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, 1037 Luoyu Road, Wuhan, Hubei 430074, P. R. China
- Shenzhen Huazhong University of Science and Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen Virtual University Park, Shenzhen 518000, P. R. China
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Dadfar SMM, Sekula-Neuner S, Bog U, Trouillet V, Hirtz M. Site-Specific Surface Functionalization via Microchannel Cantilever Spotting (µCS): Comparison between Azide-Alkyne and Thiol-Alkyne Click Chemistry Reactions. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2018; 14:e1800131. [PMID: 29682874 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201800131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Different types of click chemistry reactions are proposed and used for the functionalization of surfaces and materials, and covalent attachment of organic molecules. In the present work, two different catalyst-free click approaches, namely azide-alkyne and thiol-alkyne click chemistry are studied and compared for the immobilization of microarrays of azide or thiol inks on functionalized glass surfaces. For this purpose, the surface of glass is first functionalized with dibenzocyclooctyne-acid (DBCO-acid), a cyclooctyne with a carboxyl group. Then, the DBCO-terminated surfaces are functionalized via microchannel cantilever spotting with different fluorescent and nonfluorescent azide and thiol inks. Although both routes work reliably for surface functionalization, the protein binding experiments reveal that using a thiol-alkyne route will obtain the highest surface density of molecular immobilization in such spotting approaches. The obtained achievements and results from this work can be used for design and manufacturing of microscale patterns suitable for biomedical and biological applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Mahdi Dadfar
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) & Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Sylwia Sekula-Neuner
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) & Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Uwe Bog
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) & Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Vanessa Trouillet
- Institute for Applied Materials (IAM) & Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Michael Hirtz
- Institute of Nanotechnology (INT) & Karlsruhe Nano Micro Facility (KNMF), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344, Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Qi J, Chen K, Xing Y, Fan H, Zhao H, Yang J, Li L, Yan B, Zhou J, Guo L, Yang S. Application of 3D hierarchical monoclinic-type structural Sb-doped WO 3 towards NO 2 gas detection at low temperature. NANOSCALE 2018; 10:7440-7450. [PMID: 29644374 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr01446a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the development of semiconducting metal oxide (SMO)-based gas sensors with innovative modification and three-dimensional (3D) structural designs has become a significant scientific interest due to their potential for addressing key technological challenges. Herein, gas sensing devices based on the 3D hierarchical monoclinic-type structural Sb-doped WO3 (HMSW) gas sensing material were successfully constructed by ordered assembly of urchin-like monoclinic-type structural (P2/m) Sb-doped WO2.72 (W18O49) (UMSW) nanocrystals and nanowires. The crystalline microstructure, composition, morphological characteristics, and possible growth mechanisms were systematically investigated. The results of the gas sensor measurements, performed simultaneously on multiple samples, indicated that the 3D HMSW material has superior sensitivity (S = 122) and high selectivity to ppm-level NO2 at 30 °C with a significantly larger response than the best-reported values from other WO3-based gas sensors fabricated so far. All the results clearly demonstrate that the combined effects of abundant structural defects derived from Sb doping modification, reduced band gap, and 3D hierarchical microstructure synergistically play a key role in the NO2 gas sensing performance. Such excellent gas sensing performance foresees the great potential application of 3D hierarchical structural WO3-based sensors for fast and effective detection of toxic gases that can aid in human health and public safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juanjuan Qi
- School of Chemistry, Beihang University, Beijing 100191, China.
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Chen M, Yang Y, Chen D, Wang H. Recent progress of unconventional and multifunctional integrated supercapacitors. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2017.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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