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van Loo B, Ten Den SA, Araújo-Gomes N, de Jong V, Snabel RR, Schot M, Rivera-Arbeláez JM, Veenstra GJC, Passier R, Kamperman T, Leijten J. Mass production of lumenogenic human embryoid bodies and functional cardiospheres using in-air-generated microcapsules. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6685. [PMID: 37865642 PMCID: PMC10590445 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-42297-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Organoids are engineered 3D miniature tissues that are defined by their organ-like structures, which drive a fundamental understanding of human development. However, current organoid generation methods are associated with low production throughputs and poor control over size and function including due to organoid merging, which limits their clinical and industrial translation. Here, we present a microfluidic platform for the mass production of lumenogenic embryoid bodies and functional cardiospheres. Specifically, we apply triple-jet in-air microfluidics for the ultra-high-throughput generation of hollow, thin-shelled, hydrogel microcapsules that can act as spheroid-forming bioreactors in a cytocompatible, oil-free, surfactant-free, and size-controlled manner. Uniquely, we show that microcapsules generated by in-air microfluidics provide a lumenogenic microenvironment with near 100% efficient cavitation of spheroids. We demonstrate that upon chemical stimulation, human pluripotent stem cell-derived spheroids undergo cardiomyogenic differentiation, effectively resulting in the mass production of homogeneous and functional cardiospheres that are responsive to external electrical stimulation. These findings drive clinical and industrial adaption of stem cell technology in tissue engineering and drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bas van Loo
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Simone A Ten Den
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Department of Applied Stem Cell Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Nuno Araújo-Gomes
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent de Jong
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Rebecca R Snabel
- Radboud University, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Maik Schot
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - José M Rivera-Arbeláez
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Department of Applied Stem Cell Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Max Planck Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, BIOS Lab-on-a-Chip Group, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Gert Jan C Veenstra
- Radboud University, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, Department of Molecular Developmental Biology, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Department of Applied Stem Cell Technology, Enschede, The Netherlands
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Tom Kamperman
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Enschede, The Netherlands
- IamFluidics B.V., De Veldmaat 17, 7522NM, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Leijten
- University of Twente, TechMed Centre, Department of Developmental BioEngineering, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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2
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Pagella P, Söderholm S, Nordin A, Zambanini G, Ghezzi V, Jauregi-Miguel A, Cantù C. The time-resolved genomic impact of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Cell Syst 2023; 14:563-581.e7. [PMID: 37473729 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling orchestrates gene expression via its effector, β-catenin. However, it is unknown whether β-catenin binds its target genomic regions simultaneously and how this impacts chromatin dynamics to modulate cell behavior. Using a combination of time-resolved CUT&RUN against β-catenin, ATAC-seq, and perturbation assays in different cell types, we show that Wnt/β-catenin physical targets are tissue-specific, β-catenin "moves" on different loci over time, and its association to DNA accompanies changing chromatin accessibility landscapes that determine cell behavior. In particular, Wnt/β-catenin progressively shapes the chromatin of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) as they undergo mesodermal differentiation, a behavior that we define as "plastic." In HEK293T cells, on the other hand, Wnt/β-catenin drives a transient chromatin opening, followed by re-establishment of the pre-stimulation state, a response that we define as "elastic." Future experiments shall assess whether other cell communication mechanisms, in addition to Wnt signaling, are ruled by time, cellular idiosyncrasies, and chromatin constraints. A record of this paper's transparent peer review process is included in the supplemental information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Simon Söderholm
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Nordin
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gianluca Zambanini
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Valeria Ghezzi
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Amaia Jauregi-Miguel
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, 58185 Linköping, Sweden.
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Söderholm S, Jauregi-Miguel A, Pagella P, Ghezzi V, Zambanini G, Nordin A, Cantù C. Single-cell response to Wnt signaling activation reveals uncoupling of Wnt target gene expression. Exp Cell Res 2023:113646. [PMID: 37271249 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2023.113646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Wnt signaling drives nuclear translocation of β-catenin and its subsequent association with the DNA-bound TCF/LEF transcription factors, which dictate target gene specificity by recognizing Wnt responsive elements across the genome. β-Catenin target genes are therefore thought to be collectively activated upon Wnt pathway stimulation. However, this appears in contrast with the non-overlapping patterns of Wnt target gene expression in several contexts, including early mammalian embryogenesis. Here we followed Wnt target gene expression in human embryonic stem cells after Wnt pathway stimulation at a single-cell resolution. Cells changed gene expression program over time consistent with three key developmental events: i) loss of pluripotency, ii) induction of Wnt target genes, and iii) mesoderm specification. Contrary to our expectation, not all cells displayed equal amplitude of Wnt target gene activation; rather, they distributed in a continuum from strong to weak responders when ranked based on the expression of the target AXIN2. Moreover, high AXIN2 did not always correspond to elevated expression of other Wnt targets, which were activated in different proportions in individual cells. The uncoupling of Wnt target gene expression was also identified in single cell transcriptomics profiling of other Wnt-responding cell types, including HEK293T, murine developing forelimbs, and human colorectal cancer. Our finding underlines the necessity to identify additional mechanisms that explain the heterogeneity of the Wnt/β-catenin-mediated transcriptional outputs in single cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Söderholm
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Amaia Jauregi-Miguel
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Pierfrancesco Pagella
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Valeria Ghezzi
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Gianluca Zambanini
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Anna Nordin
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
| | - Claudio Cantù
- Wallenberg Centre for Molecular Medicine, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden; Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Division of Molecular Medicine and Virology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden.
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4
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Maria Cherian R, Prajapati C, Penttinen K, Häkli M, Koivisto JT, Pekkanen-Mattila M, Aalto-Setälä K. Fluorescent hiPSC-derived MYH6-mScarlet cardiomyocytes for real-time tracking, imaging, and cardiotoxicity assays. Cell Biol Toxicol 2022; 39:145-163. [PMID: 35870039 PMCID: PMC10042918 DOI: 10.1007/s10565-022-09742-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
AbstractHuman induced pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) hold great potential in the cardiovascular field for human disease modeling, drug development, and regenerative medicine. However, multiple hurdles still exist for the effective utilization of hiPSC-CMs as a human-based experimental platform that can be an alternative to the current animal models. To further expand their potential as a research tool and bridge the translational gap, we have generated a cardiac-specific hiPSC reporter line that differentiates into fluorescent CMs using CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing technology. The CMs illuminated with the mScarlet fluorescence enable their non-invasive continuous tracking and functional cellular phenotyping, offering a real-time 2D/3D imaging platform. Utilizing the reporter CMs, we developed an imaging-based cardiotoxicity screening system that can monitor distinct drug-induced structural toxicity and CM viability in real time. The reporter fluorescence enabled visualization of sarcomeric disarray and displayed a drug dose–dependent decrease in its fluorescence. The study also has demonstrated the reporter CMs as a biomaterial cytocompatibility analysis tool that can monitor dynamic cell behavior and maturity of hiPSC-CMs cultured in various biomaterial scaffolds. This versatile cardiac imaging tool that enables real time tracking and high-resolution imaging of CMs has significant potential in disease modeling, drug screening, and toxicology testing.
Graphical abstract
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5
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Holtzer L, Wesseling-Rozendaal Y, Verhaegh W, van de Stolpe A. Measurement of activity of developmental signal transduction pathways to quantify stem cell pluripotency and phenotypically characterize differentiated cells. Stem Cell Res 2022; 61:102748. [PMID: 35325817 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2022.102748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Important challenges in stem cell research and regenerative medicine are reliable assessment of pluripotency state and purity of differentiated cell populations. Pluripotency and differentiation are regulated and determined by activity of developmental signal transduction pathways (STPs). To date activity of these STPs could not be directly measured on a cell sample. Here we validate a novel assay platform for measurement of activity of developmental STPs (STP) for use in stem cells and stem cell derivatives. In addition to previously developed STP assays, we report development of an additional STP assay for the MAPK-AP1 pathway. Subsequently, activity of Notch, Hedgehog, TGFβ, Wnt, PI3K, MAPK-AP1, and NFκB signaling pathways was calculated from Affymetrix transcriptome data of human pluripotent embryonic (hES) and iPS cell lines under different culture conditions, organ-derived multipotent stem cells, and differentiated cell types, to generate quantitative STP activity profiles. Results show that the STP assay technology enables reliable and quantitative measurement of multiple STP activities simultaneously on any individual cell sample. Using the technology, we found that culture conditions dominantly influence the pluripotent stem cell STP activity profile, while the origin of the stem cell line was a minor variable. A pluripotency STP activity profile (Pluripotency qPAP) was defined (active PI3K, MAPK, Hedgehog, Notch, TGFβ, and NFκB pathway, inactive Wnt pathway). Differentiation of hES cells to intestinal progenitor cells resulted in an STP activity profile characterized by active PI3K, Wnt and Notch pathways, comparable to the STP activity profile measured on primary intestinal crypt stem cells. Quantitative STP activity measurement is expected to improve experimental reproducibility and standardization of pluripotent and multipotent stem cell culture/differentiation, and enable controlled manipulation of pluripotency/differentiation state using pathway targeting compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurent Holtzer
- Molecular Pathway Diagnostics, Philips, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | | | - Wim Verhaegh
- Molecular Pathway Diagnostics, Philips, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
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López-Muneta L, Linares J, Casis O, Martínez-Ibáñez L, González Miqueo A, Bezunartea J, Sanchez de la Nava AM, Gallego M, Fernández-Santos ME, Rodriguez-Madoz JR, Aranguren XL, Fernández-Avilés F, Segovia JC, Prósper F, Carvajal-Vergara X. Generation of NKX2.5GFP Reporter Human iPSCs and Differentiation Into Functional Cardiac Fibroblasts. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:797927. [PMID: 35127713 PMCID: PMC8815860 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.797927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Direct cardiac reprogramming has emerged as an interesting approach for the treatment and regeneration of damaged hearts through the direct conversion of fibroblasts into cardiomyocytes or cardiovascular progenitors. However, in studies with human cells, the lack of reporter fibroblasts has hindered the screening of factors and consequently, the development of robust direct cardiac reprogramming protocols.In this study, we have generated functional human NKX2.5GFP reporter cardiac fibroblasts. We first established a new NKX2.5GFP reporter human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) line using a CRISPR-Cas9-based knock-in approach in order to preserve function which could alter the biology of the cells. The reporter was found to faithfully track NKX2.5 expressing cells in differentiated NKX2.5GFP hiPSC and the potential of NKX2.5-GFP + cells to give rise to the expected cardiac lineages, including functional ventricular- and atrial-like cardiomyocytes, was demonstrated. Then NKX2.5GFP cardiac fibroblasts were obtained through directed differentiation, and these showed typical fibroblast-like morphology, a specific marker expression profile and, more importantly, functionality similar to patient-derived cardiac fibroblasts. The advantage of using this approach is that it offers an unlimited supply of cellular models for research in cardiac reprogramming, and since NKX2.5 is expressed not only in cardiomyocytes but also in cardiovascular precursors, the detection of both induced cell types would be possible. These reporter lines will be useful tools for human direct cardiac reprogramming research and progress in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyre López-Muneta
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Javier Linares
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Oscar Casis
- Departament of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - Laura Martínez-Ibáñez
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Arantxa González Miqueo
- Program of Cardiovascular Diseases, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Cardiovascular (CIBERCV), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jaione Bezunartea
- Retinal Pathologies and New Therapies Group, Experimental Ophthalmology Laboratory, Department of Ophthalmology, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Ana Maria Sanchez de la Nava
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mónica Gallego
- Departament of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Vitoria-Gasteiz, Spain
| | - María Eugenia Fernández-Santos
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan Roberto Rodriguez-Madoz
- Hemato-oncology Program, CIMA Universidad de Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xabier L. Aranguren
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Francisco Fernández-Avilés
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón (IISGM), Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomedica en Red de Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - José Carlos Segovia
- Cell Technology Division, Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas, Medioambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain
- Unidad Mixta de Terapias Avanzadas, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Díaz (IIS-FJD, UAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Cáncer (CIBERONC), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), Department of Hematology and Cell Therapy, University of Navarra Clinic, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Xonia Carvajal-Vergara
- Regenerative Medicine Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research (CIMA), Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra (IdiSNA), University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
- *Correspondence: Xonia Carvajal-Vergara,
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7
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Drakhlis L, Devadas SB, Zweigerdt R. Generation of heart-forming organoids from human pluripotent stem cells. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:5652-5672. [PMID: 34759383 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00629-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Heart-forming organoids (HFOs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are a complex, highly structured in vitro model of early heart, foregut and vasculature development. The model represents a potent tool for various applications, including teratogenicity studies, gene function analysis and drug discovery. Here, we provide a detailed protocol describing how to form HFOs within 14 d. In an initial 4 d preculture period, hPSC aggregates are individually formed in a 96-well format and then Matrigel-embedded. Subsequently, the chemical WNT pathway modulators CHIR99021 and IWP2 are applied, inducing directed differentiation. This highly robust protocol can be used on many different hPSC lines and be combined with manipulation technologies such as gene targeting and drug testing. HFO formation can be assessed by numerous complementary methods, ranging from various imaging approaches to gene expression studies. Here, we highlight the flow cytometry-based analysis of individual HFOs, enabling the quantitative monitoring of lineage formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lika Drakhlis
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Santoshi Biswanath Devadas
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School (MHH), Hannover, Germany.
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8
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Vollertsen AR, Den SAT, Schwach V, van den Berg A, Passier R, van der Meer AD, Odijk M. Highly parallelized human embryonic stem cell differentiation to cardiac mesoderm in nanoliter chambers on a microfluidic chip. Biomed Microdevices 2021; 23:30. [PMID: 34059973 PMCID: PMC8166733 DOI: 10.1007/s10544-021-00556-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human stem cell-derived cells and tissues hold considerable potential for applications in regenerative medicine, disease modeling and drug discovery. The generation, culture and differentiation of stem cells in low-volume, automated and parallelized microfluidic chips hold great promise to accelerate the research in this domain. Here, we show that we can differentiate human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) to early cardiac mesodermal cells in microfluidic chambers that have a volume of only 30 nanoliters, using discontinuous medium perfusion. 64 of these chambers were parallelized on a chip which contained integrated valves to spatiotemporally isolate the chambers and automate cell culture medium exchanges. To confirm cell pluripotency, we tracked hESC proliferation and immunostained the cells for pluripotency markers SOX2 and OCT3/4. During differentiation, we investigated the effect of different medium perfusion frequencies on cell reorganization and the expression of the early cardiac mesoderm reporter MESP1mCherry by live-cell imaging. Our study demonstrates that microfluidic technology can be used to automatically culture, differentiate and study hESC in very low-volume culture chambers even without continuous medium perfusion. This result is an important step towards further automation and parallelization in stem cell technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anke R Vollertsen
- BIOS Lab On a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Simone A Ten Den
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Schwach
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Albert van den Berg
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Andries D van der Meer
- Applied Stem Cell Technologies, TechMed Centre, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Mathieu Odijk
- BIOS Lab On a Chip Group, MESA+ Institute for Nanotechnology, Max Planck - University of Twente Center for Complex Fluid Dynamics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
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9
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Gao Y, Pu J. Differentiation and Application of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells Derived Cardiovascular Cells for Treatment of Heart Diseases: Promises and Challenges. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:658088. [PMID: 34055788 PMCID: PMC8149736 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.658088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are derived from human embryos (human embryonic stem cells) or reprogrammed from human somatic cells (human induced pluripotent stem cells). They can differentiate into cardiovascular cells, which have great potential as exogenous cell resources for restoring cardiac structure and function in patients with heart disease or heart failure. A variety of protocols have been developed to generate and expand cardiovascular cells derived from hPSCs in vitro. Precisely and spatiotemporally activating or inhibiting various pathways in hPSCs is required to obtain cardiovascular lineages with high differentiation efficiency. In this concise review, we summarize the protocols of differentiating hPSCs into cardiovascular cells, highlight their therapeutic application for treatment of cardiac diseases in large animal models, and discuss the challenges and limitations in the use of cardiac cells generated from hPSCs for a better clinical application of hPSC-based cardiac cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Pu
- Department of Cardiology, Ren Ji Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
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10
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Pezhouman A, Engel JL, Nguyen NB, Skelton RJP, Gilmore WB, Qiao R, Sahoo D, Zhao P, Elliott DA, Ardehali R. Isolation and characterization of hESC-derived heart field-specific cardiomyocytes unravels new insights into their transcriptional and electrophysiological profiles. Cardiovasc Res 2021; 118:828-843. [PMID: 33744937 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvab102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS We prospectively isolate and characterize first and second heart field- and nodal-like cardiomyocytes using a double reporter line from human embryonic stem cells. Our double reporter line utilizes two important transcription factors in cardiac development, TBX5 and NKX2-5. TBX5 expression marks first heart field progenitors and cardiomyocytes while NKX2-5 is expressed in nearly all myocytes of the developing heart (excluding nodal cells). We address the shortcomings of prior work in the generation of heart-field specific cardiomyocytes from induced pluripotent stem cells and provide a comprehensive early developmental transcriptomic as well as electrophysiological analyses of these three populations. METHODS AND RESULTS Transcriptional, immunocytochemical, and functional studies support the cellular identities of isolated populations based on the expression pattern of NKX2-5 and TBX5. Importantly, bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing analyses provide evidence of unique molecular signatures of isolated first and second heart-field cardiomyocytes, as well as nodal-like cells. Extensive electrophysiological analyses reveal dominant atrial action potential phenotypes in first and second heart fields in alignment with our findings in single-cell RNA sequencing. Lastly, we identify two novel surface markers, POPDC2 and CORIN, that enables purification of cardiomyocytes and first heart field cardiomyocytes, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We describe a high yield approach for isolation and characterization of human embryonic stem cell-derived heart field specific and nodal-like cardiomyocytes. Obtaining enriched populations of these different cardiomyocyte subtypes increases the resolution of gene expression profiling during early cardiogenesis, arrhythmia modeling, and drug screening. This paves the way for the development of effective stem cell therapy to treat diseases that affect specific regions of the heart or chamber-specific congenital heart defects. TRANSLATIONAL PERSPECTIVE Myocardial infarction leads to irreversible loss of cardiomyocytes and eventually heart failure. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) can be differentiated to cardiomyocytes and are considered a potential source of cell therapy for cardiac regeneration. However, current differentiation strategies yield a mixture of cardiomyocyte subtypes and safety concerns stemming from the use of a heterogenous population of cardiomyocytes have hindered its application. Here, we report generation of enriched heart field-specific cardiomyocytes using a hESC double reporter. Our study facilitates investigating early human cardiogenesis in vitro and generating chamber-specific cardiomyocytes to treat diseases that affect specific regions of the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Pezhouman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Eli and Edy the Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - James L Engel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Eli and Edy the Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Ngoc B Nguyen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Eli and Edy the Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Rhys J P Skelton
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Eli and Edy the Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - W Blake Gilmore
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Eli and Edy the Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Rong Qiao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Eli and Edy the Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Departments of Pediatrics and Computer Science and Engineering, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA
| | - David A Elliott
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Eli and Edy the Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Molecular, Cellular and Integrative Physiology Graduate Program, University of California, Los Angeles, California 90095, USA.,Molecular Biology Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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11
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Drakhlis L, Biswanath S, Farr CM, Lupanow V, Teske J, Ritzenhoff K, Franke A, Manstein F, Bolesani E, Kempf H, Liebscher S, Schenke-Layland K, Hegermann J, Nolte L, Meyer H, de la Roche J, Thiemann S, Wahl-Schott C, Martin U, Zweigerdt R. Human heart-forming organoids recapitulate early heart and foregut development. Nat Biotechnol 2021; 39:737-746. [PMID: 33558697 PMCID: PMC8192303 DOI: 10.1038/s41587-021-00815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 177] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Organoid models of early tissue development have been produced for the intestine, brain, kidney and other organs, but similar approaches for the heart have been lacking. Here we generate complex, highly structured, three-dimensional heart-forming organoids (HFOs) by embedding human pluripotent stem cell aggregates in Matrigel followed by directed cardiac differentiation via biphasic WNT pathway modulation with small molecules. HFOs are composed of a myocardial layer lined by endocardial-like cells and surrounded by septum-transversum-like anlagen; they further contain spatially and molecularly distinct anterior versus posterior foregut endoderm tissues and a vascular network. The architecture of HFOs closely resembles aspects of early native heart anlagen before heart tube formation, which is known to require an interplay with foregut endoderm development. We apply HFOs to study genetic defects in vitro by demonstrating that NKX2.5-knockout HFOs show a phenotype reminiscent of cardiac malformations previously observed in transgenic mice. Heart-forming organoids model early cardiac development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lika Drakhlis
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
| | - Santoshi Biswanath
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Clara-Milena Farr
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Victoria Lupanow
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jana Teske
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Ritzenhoff
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Annika Franke
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Felix Manstein
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Emiliano Bolesani
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Henning Kempf
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Stem Cell Discovery, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Denmark
| | - Simone Liebscher
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.,The Natural and Medical Sciences Institute (NMI) at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany.,Department of Medicine/Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Laboratories, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) 'Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies', Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Jan Hegermann
- Research Core Unit Electron Microscopy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Institute of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Lena Nolte
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Heiko Meyer
- Industrial and Biomedical Optics Department, Laser Zentrum Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jeanne de la Roche
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Stefan Thiemann
- Institute for Neurophysiology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | | | - Ulrich Martin
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiothoracic, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery (HTTG), REBIRTH-Research Center for Translational Regenerative Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.
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12
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Varshney A, Chahal G, Santos L, Stolper J, Hallab JC, Nim HT, Nikolov M, Yip A, Ramialison M. Human Cardiac Transcription Factor Networks. SYSTEMS MEDICINE 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-801238-3.11597-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
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13
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Sontayananon N, Redwood C, Davies B, Gehmlich K. Fluorescent PSC-Derived Cardiomyocyte Reporter Lines: Generation Approaches and Their Applications in Cardiovascular Medicine. BIOLOGY 2020; 9:biology9110402. [PMID: 33207727 PMCID: PMC7697758 DOI: 10.3390/biology9110402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent advances have made pluripotent stem cell (PSC)-derived cardiomyocytes an attractive option to model both normal and diseased cardiac function at the single-cell level. However, in vitro differentiation yields heterogeneous populations of cardiomyocytes and other cell types, potentially confounding phenotypic analyses. Fluorescent PSC-derived cardiomyocyte reporter systems allow specific cell lineages to be labelled, facilitating cell isolation for downstream applications including drug testing, disease modelling and cardiac regeneration. In this review, the different genetic strategies used to generate such reporter lines are presented with an emphasis on their relative technical advantages and disadvantages. Next, we explore how the fluorescent reporter lines have provided insights into cardiac development and cardiomyocyte physiology. Finally, we discuss how exciting new approaches using PSC-derived cardiomyocyte reporter lines are contributing to progress in cardiac cell therapy with respect to both graft adaptation and clinical safety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naeramit Sontayananon
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (N.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Charles Redwood
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (N.S.); (C.R.)
| | - Benjamin Davies
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7BN, UK
- Correspondence: (B.D.); (K.G.)
| | - Katja Gehmlich
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine and British Heart Foundation Centre of Research Excellence, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK; (N.S.); (C.R.)
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
- Correspondence: (B.D.); (K.G.)
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14
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Plant AL, Halter M, Stinson J. Probing pluripotency gene regulatory networks with quantitative live cell imaging. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2733-2743. [PMID: 33101611 PMCID: PMC7560648 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Live cell imaging uniquely enables the measurement of dynamic events in single cells, but it has not been used often in the study of gene regulatory networks. Network components can be examined in relation to one another by quantitative live cell imaging of fluorescent protein reporter cell lines that simultaneously report on more than one network component. A series of dual-reporter cell lines would allow different combinations of network components to be examined in individual cells. Dynamical information about interacting network components in individual cells is critical to predictive modeling of gene regulatory networks, and such information is not accessible through omics and other end point techniques. Achieving this requires that gene-edited cell lines are appropriately designed and adequately characterized to assure the validity of the biological conclusions derived from the expression of the reporters. In this brief review we discuss what is known about the importance of dynamics to network modeling and review some recent advances in optical microscopy methods and image analysis approaches that are making the use of quantitative live cell imaging for network analysis possible. We also discuss how strategies for genetic engineering of reporter cell lines can influence the biological relevance of the data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne L Plant
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States
| | - Michael Halter
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States
| | - Jeffrey Stinson
- Biosystems and Biomaterials Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, United States
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15
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The Future of Direct Cardiac Reprogramming: Any GMT Cocktail Variety? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21217950. [PMID: 33114756 PMCID: PMC7663133 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21217950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Direct cardiac reprogramming has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach to treat and regenerate injured hearts through the direct conversion of fibroblasts into cardiac cells. Most studies have focused on the reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced cardiomyocytes (iCMs). The first study in which this technology was described, showed that at least a combination of three transcription factors, GATA4, MEF2C and TBX5 (GMT cocktail), was required for the reprogramming into iCMs in vitro using mouse cells. However, this was later demonstrated to be insufficient for the reprogramming of human cells and additional factors were required. Thereafter, most studies have focused on implementing reprogramming efficiency and obtaining fully reprogrammed and functional iCMs, by the incorporation of other transcription factors, microRNAs or small molecules to the original GMT cocktail. In this respect, great advances have been made in recent years. However, there is still no consensus on which of these GMT-based varieties is best, and robust and highly reproducible protocols are still urgently required, especially in the case of human cells. On the other hand, apart from CMs, other cells such as endothelial and smooth muscle cells to form new blood vessels will be fundamental for the correct reconstruction of damaged cardiac tissue. With this aim, several studies have centered on the direct reprogramming of fibroblasts into induced cardiac progenitor cells (iCPCs) able to give rise to all myocardial cell lineages. Especially interesting are reports in which multipotent and highly expandable mouse iCPCs have been obtained, suggesting that clinically relevant amounts of these cells could be created. However, as of yet, this has not been achieved with human iCPCs, and exactly what stage of maturity is appropriate for a cell therapy product remains an open question. Nonetheless, the major concern in regenerative medicine is the poor retention, survival, and engraftment of transplanted cells in the cardiac tissue. To circumvent this issue, several cell pre-conditioning approaches are currently being explored. As an alternative to cell injection, in vivo reprogramming may face fewer barriers for its translation to the clinic. This approach has achieved better results in terms of efficiency and iCMs maturity in mouse models, indicating that the heart environment can favor this process. In this context, in recent years some studies have focused on the development of safer delivery systems such as Sendai virus, Adenovirus, chemical cocktails or nanoparticles. This article provides an in-depth review of the in vitro and in vivo cardiac reprograming technology used in mouse and human cells to obtain iCMs and iCPCs, and discusses what challenges still lie ahead and what hurdles are to be overcome before results from this field can be transferred to the clinical settings.
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16
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Wang H, Wang M, Wen Y, Xu C, Chen X, Wu D, Su P, Zhou W, Cheng T, Shi L, Zhou J. Biphasic Regulation of Mesenchymal Genes Controls Fate Switches During Hematopoietic Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2020; 7:2001019. [PMID: 33101849 PMCID: PMC7578858 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202001019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) or its reverse process mesenchymal-epithelial transition (MET) occurs in multiple physiological and pathological processes. However, whether an entire EMT-MET process exists and the potential function during human hematopoiesis remain largely elusive. Utilizing human pluripotent stem cell (hPSC)-based systems, it is discovered that while EMT occurs at the onset of human hematopoietic differentiation, MET is not detected subsequently during differentiation. Instead, a biphasic activation of mesenchymal genes during hematopoietic differentiation of hPSCs is observed. The expression of mesenchymal genes is upregulated during the fate switch from pluripotency to the mesoderm, sustained at the hemogenic endothelium (HE) stage, and attenuated during hemogenic endothelial cell (HEP) differentiation to hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs). A similar expression pattern of mesenchymal genes is also observed during human and murine hematopoietic development in vivo. Wnt signaling and its downstream gene SNAI1 mediate the up-regulation of mesenchymal genes and initiation of mesoderm induction from pluripotency. Inhibition of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) signaling and downregulation of HAND1, a downstream gene of TGF-β, are required for the downregulation of mesenchymal genes and the capacity of HEPs to generate HPCs. These results suggest that the biphasic regulation of mesenchymal genes is an essential mechanism during human hematopoiesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongtao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology & Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell MedicinePUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTianjin300020China
| | - Mengge Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology & Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell MedicinePUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTianjin300020China
| | - Yuqi Wen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology & Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell MedicinePUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTianjin300020China
| | - Changlu Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology & Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell MedicinePUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTianjin300020China
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology & Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell MedicinePUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTianjin300020China
| | - Dan Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology & Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell MedicinePUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTianjin300020China
| | - Pei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology & Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell MedicinePUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTianjin300020China
| | - Wen Zhou
- School of Basic Medical Science and Cancer Research InstituteCentral South UniversityChangsha410013China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology & Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell MedicinePUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTianjin300020China
| | - Lihong Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology & Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell MedicinePUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTianjin300020China
| | - Jiaxi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental HematologyNational Clinical Research Center for Blood DiseasesInstitute of Hematology & Blood Diseases HospitalChinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical CollegeTianjin300020China
- CAMS Center for Stem Cell MedicinePUMC Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative MedicineTianjin300020China
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17
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Swedlund B, Lescroart F. Cardiopharyngeal Progenitor Specification: Multiple Roads to the Heart and Head Muscles. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2020; 12:a036731. [PMID: 31818856 PMCID: PMC7397823 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During embryonic development, the heart arises from various sources of undifferentiated mesodermal progenitors, with an additional contribution from ectodermal neural crest cells. Mesodermal cardiac progenitors are plastic and multipotent, but are nevertheless specified to a precise heart region and cell type very early during development. Recent findings have defined both this lineage plasticity and early commitment of cardiac progenitors, using a combination of single-cell and population analyses. In this review, we discuss several aspects of cardiac progenitor specification. We discuss their markers, fate potential in vitro and in vivo, early segregation and commitment, and also intrinsic and extrinsic cues regulating lineage restriction from multipotency to a specific cell type of the heart. Finally, we also discuss the subdivisions of the cardiopharyngeal field, and the shared origins of the heart with other mesodermal derivatives, including head and neck muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Swedlund
- Laboratory of Stem Cells and Cancer, Université Libre de Bruxelles, 1070 Brussels, Belgium
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18
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Wang L, Zhang F, Duan F, Huang R, Chen X, Ming J, Na J. Homozygous MESP1 knock-in reporter hESCs facilitated cardiovascular cell differentiation and myocardial infarction repair. Theranostics 2020; 10:6898-6914. [PMID: 32550911 PMCID: PMC7295063 DOI: 10.7150/thno.42347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Different populations of cardiovascular progenitor cells have been shown to possess varying differentiation potentials. They have also been used to facilitate heart repair. However, sensitive reporter cell lines that mark the human cardiovascular progenitors are in short supply. Methods: MESP1 marks the earliest population of cardiovascular progenitor cells during embryo development. Here, we generated a homozygous MESP1 knock-in reporter hESC line where mTomato gene joined to the MESP1 coding region via a 2A peptide, in which both MESP1 alleles were preserved. We performed transcriptome and functional analysis of human MESP1+ cardiovascular progenitor cells and tested their therapeutic potential using a rat model of myocardial infarction. Results: MESP1-mTomato knock-in reporter faithfully recapitulated the endogenous level of MESP1. Transcriptome analysis revealed that MESP1+ cells highly expressed early cardiovascular genes and heart development genes. The activation of MESP1 relied on the strength of canonical Wnt signaling, peak MESP1-mTomato fluorescence correlated with the window of canonical Wnt inhibition during in vitro differentiation. We further showed that MESP1 bound to the promoter of the WNT5A gene and the up-regulation of WNT5A expression suppressed canonical Wnt/β-CATENIN signaling. Moreover, induced MESP1 expression could substitute the canonical Wnt inhibition step and promote robust cardiomyocyte formation. We used a configurable, chemically defined, tri-lineage differentiation system to obtain cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells from MESP1+ cells at high efficiency. Finally, we showed that the engraftment of MESP1+ cells repaired rat myocardial infarction model. Conclusions: MESP1-mTomato reporter cells offered a useful platform to study cardiovascular differentiation from human pluripotent stem cells and explore their therapeutic potential in regenerative medicine.
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19
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Vahdat S, Pahlavan S, Mahmoudi E, Barekat M, Ansari H, Bakhshandeh B, Aghdami N, Baharvand H. Expansion of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-derived Early Cardiovascular Progenitor Cells by a Cocktail of Signaling Factors. Sci Rep 2019; 9:16006. [PMID: 31690816 PMCID: PMC6831601 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52516-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/16/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are proposed to be invaluable cell sources for experimental and clinical studies. This wide range of applications necessitates large-scale production of CPCs in an in vitro culture system, which enables both expansion and maintenance of these cells. In this study, we aimed to develop a defined and efficient culture medium that uses signaling factors for large-scale expansion of early CPCs, called cardiogenic mesodermal cells (CMCs), which were derived from hPSCs. Chemical screening resulted in a medium that contained a reproducible combination of three factors (A83-01, bFGF, and CHIR99021) that generated 1014 CMCs after 10 passages without the propensity for tumorigenicity. Expanded CMCs retained their gene expression pattern, chromosomal stability, and differentiation tendency through several passages and showed both the safety and possible cardio-protective potentials when transplanted into the infarcted rat myocardium. These CMCs were efficiently cryopreserved for an extended period of time. This culture medium could be used for both adherent and suspension culture conditions, for which the latter is required for large-scale CMC production. Taken together, hPSC-derived CMCs exhibited self-renewal capacity in our simple, reproducible, and defined medium. These cells might ultimately be potential, promising cell sources for cardiovascular studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Vahdat
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Sara Pahlavan
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elena Mahmoudi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Barekat
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Ansari
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nasser Aghdami
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Baharvand
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Developmental Biology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran.
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20
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Multifactorial Modeling Reveals a Dominant Role of Wnt Signaling in Lineage Commitment of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Bioengineering (Basel) 2019; 6:bioengineering6030071. [PMID: 31443254 PMCID: PMC6783940 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering6030071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The human primed pluripotent state is maintained by a complex balance of several signaling pathways governing pluripotency maintenance and commitment. Here, we explore a multiparameter approach using a full factorial design and a simple well-defined culture system to assess individual and synergistic contributions of Wnt, FGF and TGFβ signaling to pluripotency and lineage specification of human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSC). Hierarchical clustering and quadratic models highlighted a dominant effect of Wnt signaling over FGF and TGFβ signaling, drawing hiPSCs towards mesendoderm lineages. In addition, a synergistic effect between Wnt signaling and FGF was observed to have a negative contribution to pluripotency maintenance and a positive contribution to ectoderm and mesoderm commitment. Furthermore, FGF and TGFβ signaling only contributed significantly for negative ectoderm scores, suggesting that the effect of both factors for pluripotency maintenance resides in a balance of inhibitory signals instead of proactive stimulation of hiPSC pluripotency. Overall, our dry-signaling multiparameter modeling approach can contribute to elucidate individual and synergistic inputs, providing an additional degree of comprehension of the complex regulatory mechanisms of human pluripotency and commitment.
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21
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Leitolis A, Robert AW, Pereira IT, Correa A, Stimamiglio MA. Cardiomyogenesis Modeling Using Pluripotent Stem Cells: The Role of Microenvironmental Signaling. Front Cell Dev Biol 2019; 7:164. [PMID: 31448277 PMCID: PMC6695570 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSC) can be used as a model to study cardiomyogenic differentiation. In vitro modeling can reproduce cardiac development through modulation of some key signaling pathways. Therefore, many studies make use of this strategy to better understand cardiomyogenesis complexity and to determine possible ways to modulate cell fate. However, challenges remain regarding efficiency of differentiation protocols, cardiomyocyte (CM) maturation and therapeutic applications. Considering that the extracellular milieu is crucial for cellular behavior control, cardiac niche studies, such as those identifying secreted molecules from adult or neonatal tissues, allow the identification of extracellular factors that may contribute to CM differentiation and maturation. This review will focus on cardiomyogenesis modeling using PSC and the elements involved in cardiac microenvironmental signaling (the secretome - extracellular vesicles, extracellular matrix and soluble factors) that may contribute to CM specification and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Leitolis
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Anny W Robert
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Isabela T Pereira
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Correa
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Marco A Stimamiglio
- Stem Cell Basic Biology Laboratory, Carlos Chagas Institute, FIOCRUZ-PR, Curitiba, Brazil
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22
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Vahdat S, Bakhshandeh B. Prediction of putative small molecules for manipulation of enriched signalling pathways in hESC-derived early cardiovascular progenitors by bioinformatics analysis. IET Syst Biol 2019; 13:77-83. [PMID: 33444476 DOI: 10.1049/iet-syb.2018.5037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2018] [Revised: 08/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiovascular progenitor cells (CPCs) are considered as powerful tools for cardiac regenerative medicine and developmental study. Mesoderm posterior1+ (MESP1+ ) cells are identified as the earliest CPCs from which almost all cardiac cell types are generated. Molecular insights to the transcriptional regulatory factors of early CPCs are required to control cell fate decisions. Herein, the microarray data set of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs)-derived MESP1+ cells was analysed and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in comparison to undifferentiated hESCs and MESP1-negative cells. Then, gene ontology and pathway enrichment analysis of DEGs were carried out with the subsequent prediction of putative regulatory small molecules for modulation of CPC fate. Some key signalling cascades of cardiogenesis including Hippo, Wnt, transforming growth factor-β, and PI3K/Akt were highlighted in MESP1+ cells. The transcriptional regulatory network of MESP1+ cells were visualised through interaction networks of DEGs. Additionally, 35 promising chemicals were predicted based on correlations with gene expression signature of MESP1+ cells for effective in vitro CPC manipulation. Studying the transcriptional profile of MESP1+ cells resulted into the identification of important signalling pathways and chemicals which could be introduced as powerful tools to manage proliferation and differentiation of hESC-derived CPCs more efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadaf Vahdat
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Behnaz Bakhshandeh
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
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23
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Highly efficient scarless knock-in of reporter genes into human and mouse pluripotent stem cells via transient antibiotic selection. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0201683. [PMID: 30496180 PMCID: PMC6264506 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0201683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) edited with genetic reporters are useful tools for differentiation analysis and for isolation of specific cell populations for study. Reporter integration into the genome is now commonly achieved by targeted DNA nuclease-enhanced homology directed repair (HDR). However, human PSCs are known to have a low frequency of gene knock-in (KI) by HDR, making reporter line generation an arduous process. Here, we report a methodology for scarless KI of large fluorescent reporter genes into PSCs by transient selection with puromycin or zeocin. With this method, we can perform targeted KI of a single reporter gene with up to 65% efficiency, as well as simultaneous KI of two reporter genes into different loci with up to 11% efficiency. Additionally, we demonstrate that this method also works in mouse PSCs.
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24
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Friedman CE, Nguyen Q, Lukowski SW, Helfer A, Chiu HS, Miklas J, Levy S, Suo S, Han JDJ, Osteil P, Peng G, Jing N, Baillie GJ, Senabouth A, Christ AN, Bruxner TJ, Murry CE, Wong ES, Ding J, Wang Y, Hudson J, Ruohola-Baker H, Bar-Joseph Z, Tam PPL, Powell JE, Palpant NJ. Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Cardiac Differentiation from Human PSCs Reveals HOPX-Dependent Cardiomyocyte Maturation. Cell Stem Cell 2018; 23:586-598.e8. [PMID: 30290179 PMCID: PMC6220122 DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2018.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 172] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2017] [Revised: 05/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) requires orchestration of dynamic gene regulatory networks during stepwise fate transitions but often generates immature cell types that do not fully recapitulate properties of their adult counterparts, suggesting incomplete activation of key transcriptional networks. We performed extensive single-cell transcriptomic analyses to map fate choices and gene expression programs during cardiac differentiation of hPSCs and identified strategies to improve in vitro cardiomyocyte differentiation. Utilizing genetic gain- and loss-of-function approaches, we found that hypertrophic signaling is not effectively activated during monolayer-based cardiac differentiation, thereby preventing expression of HOPX and its activation of downstream genes that govern late stages of cardiomyocyte maturation. This study therefore provides a key transcriptional roadmap of in vitro cardiac differentiation at single-cell resolution, revealing fundamental mechanisms underlying heart development and differentiation of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clayton E Friedman
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Cardiac and Vascular Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Quan Nguyen
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Samuel W Lukowski
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Abbigail Helfer
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Cardiac and Vascular Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Han Sheng Chiu
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Cardiac and Vascular Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jason Miklas
- Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry, Bioengineering and Medicine/Cardiology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shiri Levy
- Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry, Bioengineering and Medicine/Cardiology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Shengbao Suo
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Jing-Dong Jackie Han
- Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences-Max Planck Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Pierre Osteil
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Guangdun Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Naihe Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shanghai 200031, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 100 Haike Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Greg J Baillie
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Anne Senabouth
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Angelika N Christ
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Timothy J Bruxner
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Charles E Murry
- Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry, Bioengineering and Medicine/Cardiology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Emily S Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
| | - Jun Ding
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Yuliang Wang
- Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry, Bioengineering and Medicine/Cardiology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA; Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - James Hudson
- Queensland Institute for Medical Research, Brisbane, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Hannele Ruohola-Baker
- Departments of Pathology, Biochemistry, Bioengineering and Medicine/Cardiology, Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, The University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Ziv Bar-Joseph
- Computational Biology Department, School of Computer Science, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Patrick P L Tam
- Embryology Unit, Children's Medical Research Institute, The University of Sydney, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia; School of Medical Sciences, Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Joseph E Powell
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Garvan-Weizmann Centre for Cellular Genomics, Garvan Institute for Medical Research, Sydney, NSW 2010, Australia.
| | - Nathan J Palpant
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; Centre for Cardiac and Vascular Biology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia.
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25
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Applications of genetically engineered human pluripotent stem cell reporters in cardiac stem cell biology. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 52:66-73. [PMID: 29579626 DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2017] [Revised: 03/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The advent of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) has benefited many fields, from regenerative medicine to disease modeling, with an especially profound effect in cardiac research. Coupled with other novel technologies in genome engineering, hPSCs offer a great opportunity to delineate human cardiac lineages, investigate inherited cardiovascular diseases, and assess the safety and efficacy of cell-based therapies. In this review, we provide an overview of methods for generating genetically engineered hPSC reporters and a succinct synopsis of a variety of hPSC reporters, with a particular focus on their applications in cardiac stem cell biology.
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26
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Jung KB, Lee H, Son YS, Lee JH, Cho HS, Lee MO, Oh JH, Lee J, Kim S, Jung CR, Kim J, Son MY. In vitro and in vivo imaging and tracking of intestinal organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells. FASEB J 2018; 32:111-122. [PMID: 28855280 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700504r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human intestinal organoids (hIOs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) have immense potential as a source of intestines. Therefore, an efficient system is needed for visualizing the stage of intestinal differentiation and further identifying hIOs derived from hPSCs. Here, 2 fluorescent biosensors were developed based on human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) lines that stably expressed fluorescent reporters driven by intestine-specific gene promoters Krüppel-like factor 5 monomeric Cherry (KLF5mCherry) and intestine-specific homeobox enhanced green fluorescence protein (ISXeGFP). Then hIOs were efficiently induced from those transgenic hiPSC lines in which mCherry- or eGFP-expressing cells, which appeared during differentiation, could be identified in intact living cells in real time. Reporter gene expression had no adverse effects on differentiation into hIOs and proliferation. Using our reporter system to screen for hIO differentiation factors, we identified DMH1 as an efficient substitute for Noggin. Transplanted hIOs under the kidney capsule were tracked with fluorescence imaging (FLI) and confirmed histologically. After orthotopic transplantation, the localization of the hIOs in the small intestine could be accurately visualized using FLI. Our study establishes a selective system for monitoring the in vitro differentiation and for tracking the in vivo localization of hIOs and contributes to further improvement of cell-based therapies and preclinical screenings in the intestinal field.-Jung, K. B., Lee, H., Son, Y. S., Lee, J. H., Cho, H.-S., Lee, M.-O., Oh, J.-H., Lee, J., Kim, S., Jung, C.-R., Kim, J., Son, M.-Y. In vitro and in vivo imaging and tracking of intestinal organoids from human induced pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kwang Bo Jung
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hana Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ye Seul Son
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Ji Hye Lee
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Soo Cho
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi-Ok Lee
- Immunotherapy Covergence Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jung-Hwa Oh
- Korea Institute of Toxicology, Daejeon, South Korea; and
| | - Jaemin Lee
- Aging Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Seokho Kim
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
- Aging Research Institute, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Cho-Rok Jung
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Janghwan Kim
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea,
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Mi-Young Son
- Stem Cell Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology (KRIBB), Daejeon, South Korea,
- Department of Functional Genomics, KRIBB School of Bioscience, Korea University of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
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27
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Guadix JA, Orlova VV, Giacomelli E, Bellin M, Ribeiro MC, Mummery CL, Pérez-Pomares JM, Passier R. Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Differentiation into Functional Epicardial Progenitor Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2017; 9:1754-1764. [PMID: 29173898 PMCID: PMC5785703 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2017.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are widely used to study cardiovascular cell differentiation and function. Here, we induced differentiation of hPSCs (both embryonic and induced) to proepicardial/epicardial progenitor cells that cover the heart during development. Addition of retinoic acid (RA) and bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4) promoted expression of the mesodermal marker PDGFRα, upregulated characteristic (pro)epicardial progenitor cell genes, and downregulated transcription of myocardial genes. We confirmed the (pro)epicardial-like properties of these cells using in vitro co-culture assays and in ovo grafting of hPSC-epicardial cells into chick embryos. Our data show that RA + BMP4-treated hPSCs differentiate into (pro)epicardial-like cells displaying functional properties (adhesion and spreading over the myocardium) of their in vivo counterpart. The results extend evidence that hPSCs are an excellent model to study (pro)epicardial differentiation into cardiovascular cells in human development and evaluate their potential for cardiac regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Antonio Guadix
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA), Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain; BIONAND, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga), Severo Ochoa 35, 29590 Campanillas (Málaga), Spain
| | - Valeria V Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elisa Giacomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marcelo C Ribeiro
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Building Zuidhorst, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - José M Pérez-Pomares
- Department of Animal Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Málaga, Instituto Malagueño de Biomedicina (IBIMA), Campus de Teatinos s/n, 29071 Málaga, Spain; BIONAND, Centro Andaluz de Nanomedicina y Biotecnología (Junta de Andalucía, Universidad de Málaga), Severo Ochoa 35, 29590 Campanillas (Málaga), Spain.
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, 2333 ZC Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine, University of Twente, Building Zuidhorst, 7500 AE Enschede, the Netherlands.
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28
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Acuna-Mendoza S, Martin S, Kuchler-Bopp S, Ribes S, Thalgott J, Chaussain C, Creuzet S, Lesot H, Lebrin F, Poliard A. A New Wnt1-CRE TomatoRosa Embryonic Stem Cell Line: A Tool for Studying Neural Crest Cell Integration Capacity. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1682-1694. [DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Soledad Acuna-Mendoza
- EA 2496, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry, Sorbonne Paris Cité, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology and Oral Medicine, Dental Faculty, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Sabrina Martin
- CNRS UMR 7241/INSERM U1050, CIRB, Collège de France, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Kuchler-Bopp
- INSERM, UMR 1109, Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative NanoMedicine Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Sandy Ribes
- EA 2496, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry, Sorbonne Paris Cité, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Jérémy Thalgott
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Catherine Chaussain
- EA 2496, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry, Sorbonne Paris Cité, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
- AP-HP Department of Odontology, Bretonneau Hospital, Paris, France
| | - Sophie Creuzet
- Laboratoire Neurobiologie et Développement, Institut de Neurobiologie, CNRS-UPR3294, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Hervé Lesot
- INSERM, UMR 1109, Osteoarticular and Dental Regenerative NanoMedicine Laboratory, Strasbourg, France
- Faculté de Chirurgie Dentaire, Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Franck Lebrin
- CNRS UMR 7241/INSERM U1050, CIRB, Collège de France, Paris, France
- The Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Poliard
- EA 2496, Laboratory Orofacial Pathologies, Imaging and Biotherapies, School of Dentistry, Sorbonne Paris Cité, University Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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29
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Moerkamp AT, Leung HW, Bax NAM, Holst S, Lodder K, Berends T, Dingenouts CKE, Choo A, Smits AM, Goumans MJ. Glycosylated Cell Surface Markers for the Isolation of Human Cardiac Progenitors. Stem Cells Dev 2017; 26:1552-1565. [PMID: 28891400 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2017.0048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of stem cell therapy after cardiac injury is to replace damaged cardiac tissue. Human cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) represent an interesting cell population for clinical strategies to treat cardiac disease and human CPC-specific antibodies would aid in the clinical implementation of cardiac progenitor-based cell therapy. However, the field of CPC biology suffers from the lack of human CPC-specific markers. Therefore, we raised a panel of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) against CPCs. Of this panel of antibodies, we show that mAb C1096 recognizes a progenitor-like population in the fetal and adult human heart and partially colocalize with reported CPC populations in vitro. Furthermore, mAb C1096 can be used to isolate a multipotent progenitor population from human heart tissue. Interestingly, the two lead candidates, mAb C1096 and mAb C19, recognize glycosylated residues on PECAM1 (platelet and endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1) and GRP78, respectively, and de-N-glycosylation significantly abolishes their binding. Thereby, this report describes new clinically applicable antibodies against human CPCs, and for the first time demonstrates the importance of glycosylated residues as CPCs specific markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asja T Moerkamp
- 1 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Hau Wan Leung
- 2 Bioprocessing Technology Institute , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore
| | - Noortje A M Bax
- 1 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands .,3 Department of Biomedical Engineering, Eindhoven University of Technology , Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Stephanie Holst
- 4 Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kirsten Lodder
- 1 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Thijs Berends
- 1 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Calinda K E Dingenouts
- 1 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Andre Choo
- 2 Bioprocessing Technology Institute , Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR), Singapore, Singapore .,5 Department of Bioengineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
| | - Anke M Smits
- 1 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Marie-José Goumans
- 1 Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Leiden University Medical Center , Leiden, the Netherlands
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30
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Giacomelli E, Bellin M, Sala L, van Meer BJ, Tertoolen LGJ, Orlova VV, Mummery CL. Three-dimensional cardiac microtissues composed of cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells co-differentiated from human pluripotent stem cells. Development 2017; 144:1008-1017. [PMID: 28279973 PMCID: PMC5358113 DOI: 10.1242/dev.143438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 181] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Accepted: 12/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells in the heart are in close proximity and in constant dialogue. Endothelium regulates the size of the heart, supplies oxygen to the myocardium and secretes factors that support cardiomyocyte function. Robust and predictive cardiac disease models that faithfully recapitulate native human physiology in vitro would therefore ideally incorporate this cardiomyocyte-endothelium crosstalk. Here, we have generated and characterized human cardiac microtissues in vitro that integrate both cell types in complex 3D structures. We established conditions for simultaneous differentiation of cardiomyocytes and endothelial cells from human pluripotent stem cells following initial cardiac mesoderm induction. The endothelial cells expressed cardiac markers that were also present in primary cardiac microvasculature, suggesting cardiac endothelium identity. These cell populations were further enriched based on surface markers expression, then recombined allowing development of beating 3D structures termed cardiac microtissues. This in vitro model was robustly reproducible in both embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells. It thus represents an advanced human stem cell-based platform for cardiovascular disease modelling and testing of relevant drugs. Summary: Co-differentiation of endothelial cells and cardiomyocytes from human pluripotent stem cells provides a cardiac microtissue model with potential applications for disease modelling and drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Giacomelli
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Milena Bellin
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Luca Sala
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Berend J van Meer
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Leon G J Tertoolen
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Valeria V Orlova
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden 2333ZC, The Netherlands .,Department of Applied Stem Cell Technologies, University of Twente, Enschede 7500AE, The Netherlands
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31
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Amini H, Rezaie J, Vosoughi A, Rahbarghazi R, Nouri M. Cardiac progenitor cells application in cardiovascular disease. J Cardiovasc Thorac Res 2017; 9:127-132. [PMID: 29118944 PMCID: PMC5670333 DOI: 10.15171/jcvtr.2017.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) have special potency to differentiate into different types of cells, especially cardiomyocytes. In order to demonstrate the therapeutic applications of these cells, various investigations are recently being developed. Cardiac progenitor cells are endogenous cardiac SCs that found to express tyrosine kinase receptors, c-Kit and other stemness features in adult heart, contributing to the regeneration of cardiac tissue after injury. This lineage is able to efficiently trans-differentiate into different cell types such as cardiomyocytes, endothelial cells, and smooth muscle cells. Noticeably, several cardiac progenitor cells have been identified until yet. The therapeutic applications of cardiac SCs have been studied previously, which could introduce a novel therapeutic approach in the treatment of cardiac disorders. The current review enlightens the potency of cardiac progenitor cells features and differentiation capacity, with current applications in cardiovascular field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Amini
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Thoracic Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Jafar Rezaie
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Armin Vosoughi
- Neurosciences Research Center (NSRC), Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Nouri
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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32
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Liu Y. Earlier and broader roles of Mesp1 in cardiovascular development. Cell Mol Life Sci 2017; 74:1969-1983. [PMID: 28050627 PMCID: PMC11107530 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-016-2448-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 12/13/2016] [Accepted: 12/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mesoderm posterior 1 is one of earliest markers of the nascent mesoderm. Its best-known function is driving the onset of the cardiovascular system. In the past decade, new evidence supports that Mesp1 acts earlier with greater breadth in cell fate decisions, and through cell-autonomous and cell non-autonomous mechanisms. This review summarizes these new aspects, with an emphasis on the upstream and downstream regulation around Mesp1 and how they may guide cell fate reprogramming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA.
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33
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Skelton RJP, Kamp TJ, Elliott DA, Ardehali R. Biomarkers of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell-Derived Cardiac Lineages. Trends Mol Med 2017; 23:651-668. [PMID: 28576602 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2017.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Revised: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) offer a practical source for the de novo generation of cardiac tissues and a unique opportunity to investigate cardiovascular lineage commitment. Numerous strategies have focused on the in vitro production of cardiomyocytes, smooth muscle, and endothelium from hPSCs. However, these differentiation protocols often yield undesired cell types. Thus, establishing a set of stage-specific markers for pure cardiac subpopulations will assist in defining the hierarchy of cardiac differentiation, aid in the development of cellular therapy, and facilitate drug screening and disease modeling. The recent characterization of many such markers is enabling the isolation of major cardiac lineages and subpopulations from differentiating hPSCs. We provide here a comprehensive review detailing the suite of biomarkers used to differentiate cardiac lineages from mixed hPSC-derived populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys J P Skelton
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - David A Elliott
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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34
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García-Domínguez X, Vicente JS, Vera-Donoso CD, Marco-Jimenez F. Current Bioengineering and Regenerative Strategies for the Generation of Kidney Grafts on Demand. Curr Urol Rep 2017; 18:2. [PMID: 28092070 DOI: 10.1007/s11934-017-0650-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Currently in the USA, one name is added to the organ transplant waiting list every 15 min. As this list grows rapidly, fewer than one-third of waiting patients can receive matched organs from donors. Unfortunately, many patients who require a transplant have to wait for long periods of time, and many of them die before receiving the desired organ. In the USA alone, over 100,000 patients are waiting for a kidney transplant. However, it is a problem that affects around 6% of the word population. Therefore, seeking alternative solutions to this problem is an urgent work. Here, we review the current promising regenerative technologies for kidney function replacement. Despite many approaches being applied in the different ways outlined in this work, obtaining an organ capable of performing complex functions such as osmoregulation, excretion or hormone synthesis is still a long-term goal. However, in the future, the efforts in these areas may eliminate the long waiting list for kidney transplants, providing a definitive solution for patients with end-stage renal disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ximo García-Domínguez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, C/Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Jose S Vicente
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, C/Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain
| | - Cesar D Vera-Donoso
- Servicio de Urología, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, Avinguda de Fernando Abril Martorell, 106, 46026, Valencia, Spain
| | - Francisco Marco-Jimenez
- Instituto de Ciencia y Tecnología Animal, Universidad Politécnica de Valencia, C/Camino de Vera s/n, 46022, Valencia, Spain.
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35
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Hou J, Long H, Zhou C, Zheng S, Wu H, Guo T, Wu Q, Zhong T, Wang T. Long noncoding RNA Braveheart promotes cardiogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells in vitro. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:4. [PMID: 28095922 PMCID: PMC5242041 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-016-0454-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2016] [Revised: 11/11/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have limited potential of cardiogenic differentiation. In this study, we investigated the influence of long noncoding RNA Braveheart (lncRNA-Bvht) on cardiogenic differentiation of MSCs in vitro. Methods MSCs were obtained from C57BL/6 mice and cultured in vitro. Cells were divided into three groups: blank control, null vector control, and lncRNA-Bvht. All three groups experienced exposure to hypoxia (1% O2) and serum deprivation for 24 h, and 24 h of reoxygenation (20% O2). Cardiogenic differentiation was induced using 5-AZA for another 24 h. Normoxia (20% O2) was applied as a negative control during the whole process. Cardiogenic differentiation was assessed, and expressions of cardiac-specific transcription factors and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT)-associated biomarkers were detected. Anti-mesoderm posterior1 (Mesp1) siRNA was transfected in order to block its expression, and relevant downstream molecules were examined. Results Compared with the blank control and null vector control groups, the lncRNA-Bvht group presented a higher percentage of differentiated cells of the cardiogenic phenotype in vitro both under the normal condition and after hypoxia/re-oxygenation. There was an increased level of cTnT and α-SA, and cardiac-specific transcription factors including Nkx2.5, Gata4, Gata6, and Isl-1 were significantly upregulated (P < 0.01). Expressions of EMT-associated genes including Snail, Twist and N-cadherin were much higher (P < 0.01). Mesp1 exhibited a distinct augmentation following lncRNA-Bvht transfection. Expressions of relevant cardiac-specific transcription factors and EMT-associated genes all presented a converse alteration in the condition of Mesp1 inhibition prior to lncRNA-Bvht transfection. Conclusion lncRNA-Bvht could efficiently promote MSCs transdifferentation into cells with the cardiogenic phenotype in vitro. It might function via enhancing the expressions of cardiac-specific transcription factors and EMT-associated genes. Mesp1 could be a pivotal intermediary in the procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingying Hou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Huibao Long
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Changqing Zhou
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Shaoxin Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Tianzhu Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Quanhua Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Tingting Zhong
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China
| | - Tong Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China. .,Guangdong Province Key Laboratory of Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China. .,Department of Emergency, the Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, 107 Yanjiang Xi Road, Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510120, China.
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36
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Skelton RJP, Brady B, Khoja S, Sahoo D, Engel J, Arasaratnam D, Saleh KK, Abilez OJ, Zhao P, Stanley EG, Elefanty AG, Kwon M, Elliott DA, Ardehali R. CD13 and ROR2 Permit Isolation of Highly Enriched Cardiac Mesoderm from Differentiating Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 6:95-108. [PMID: 26771355 PMCID: PMC4720015 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2015.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2015] [Revised: 11/14/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The generation of tissue-specific cell types from human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) is critical for the development of future stem cell-based regenerative therapies. Here, we identify CD13 and ROR2 as cell-surface markers capable of selecting early cardiac mesoderm emerging during hESC differentiation. We demonstrate that the CD13+/ROR2+ population encompasses pre-cardiac mesoderm, which efficiently differentiates to all major cardiovascular lineages. We determined the engraftment potential of CD13+/ROR2+ in small (murine) and large (porcine) animal models, and demonstrated that CD13+/ROR2+ progenitors have the capacity to differentiate toward cardiomyocytes, fibroblasts, smooth muscle, and endothelial cells in vivo. Collectively, our data show that CD13 and ROR2 identify a cardiac lineage precursor pool that is capable of successful engraftment into the porcine heart. These markers represent valuable tools for further dissection of early human cardiac differentiation, and will enable a detailed assessment of human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiac lineage cells for potential clinical applications. CD13 and ROR2 separate hESC-derived MIXL1+ mesoderm from MIXL1+ endoderm CD13 and ROR2 select for a population of highly enriched pre-cardiac mesoderm CD13+/ROR2+ cells derived from hESCs engraft into porcine, but not murine hearts CD13+/ROR2+ cells differentiate to all major cardiac lineages in the pig heart
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhys J P Skelton
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Room 3645, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Bevin Brady
- Bio-X Program, Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Suhail Khoja
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Room 3645, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Debashis Sahoo
- Bio-X Program, Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - James Engel
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Room 3645, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Deevina Arasaratnam
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Kholoud K Saleh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Room 3645, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Oscar J Abilez
- Bio-X Program, Cardiovascular Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Peng Zhao
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Room 3645, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Edouard G Stanley
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Andrew G Elefanty
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Murray Kwon
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - David A Elliott
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, VIC 3052, Australia
| | - Reza Ardehali
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, 675 Charles E Young Drive South, Room 3645, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; Eli and Edythe Broad Stem Cell Research Center, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA.
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37
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Carvajal-Vergara X, Prósper F. Are we closer to cardiac regeneration? Stem Cell Investig 2016; 3:59. [PMID: 27868041 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2016.09.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xonia Carvajal-Vergara
- Cell Therapy Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
| | - Felipe Prósper
- Cell Therapy Program, Foundation for Applied Medical Research, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain;; Cell Therapy Area, Clínica Universidad de Navarra, University of Navarra, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Navarra, Pamplona, Spain
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38
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Calderon D, Bardot E, Dubois N. Probing early heart development to instruct stem cell differentiation strategies. Dev Dyn 2016; 245:1130-1144. [PMID: 27580352 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Revised: 08/20/2016] [Accepted: 08/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Scientists have studied organs and their development for centuries and, along that path, described models and mechanisms explaining the developmental principles of organogenesis. In particular, with respect to the heart, new fundamental discoveries are reported continuously that keep changing the way we think about early cardiac development. These discoveries are driven by the need to answer long-standing questions regarding the origin of the earliest cells specified to the cardiac lineage, the differentiation potential of distinct cardiac progenitor cells, and, very importantly, the molecular mechanisms underlying these specification events. As evidenced by numerous examples, the wealth of developmental knowledge collected over the years has had an invaluable impact on establishing efficient strategies to generate cardiovascular cell types ex vivo, from either pluripotent stem cells or via direct reprogramming approaches. The ability to generate functional cardiovascular cells in an efficient and reliable manner will contribute to therapeutic strategies aimed at alleviating the increasing burden of cardiovascular disease and morbidity. Here we will discuss the recent discoveries in the field of cardiac progenitor biology and their translation to the pluripotent stem cell model to illustrate how developmental concepts have instructed regenerative model systems in the past and promise to do so in the future. Developmental Dynamics 245:1130-1144, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damelys Calderon
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Evan Bardot
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
| | - Nicole Dubois
- Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA.,Black Family Stem Cell Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, USA
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39
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Liu Y, Chen L, Diaz AD, Benham A, Xu X, Wijaya CS, Fa'ak F, Luo W, Soibam B, Azares A, Yu W, Lyu Q, Stewart MD, Gunaratne P, Cooney A, McConnell BK, Schwartz RJ. Mesp1 Marked Cardiac Progenitor Cells Repair Infarcted Mouse Hearts. Sci Rep 2016; 6:31457. [PMID: 27538477 PMCID: PMC4990963 DOI: 10.1038/srep31457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesp1 directs multipotential cardiovascular cell fates, even though it's transiently induced prior to the appearance of the cardiac progenitor program. Tracing Mesp1-expressing cells and their progeny allows isolation and characterization of the earliest cardiovascular progenitor cells. Studying the biology of Mesp1-CPCs in cell culture and ischemic disease models is an important initial step toward using them for heart disease treatment. Because of Mesp1's transitory nature, Mesp1-CPC lineages were traced by following EYFP expression in murine Mesp1(Cre/+); Rosa26(EYFP/+) ES cells. We captured EYFP+ cells that strongly expressed cardiac mesoderm markers and cardiac transcription factors, but not pluripotent or nascent mesoderm markers. BMP2/4 treatment led to the expansion of EYFP+ cells, while Wnt3a and Activin were marginally effective. BMP2/4 exposure readily led EYFP+ cells to endothelial and smooth muscle cells, but inhibition of the canonical Wnt signaling was required to enter the cardiomyocyte fate. Injected mouse pre-contractile Mesp1-EYFP+ CPCs improved the survivability of injured mice and restored the functional performance of infarcted hearts for at least 3 months. Mesp1-EYFP+ cells are bona fide CPCs and they integrated well in infarcted hearts and emerged de novo into terminally differentiated cardiac myocytes, smooth muscle and vascular endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Li Chen
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Andrea Diaz Diaz
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Ashley Benham
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Xueping Xu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cori S Wijaya
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Faisal Fa'ak
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Weijia Luo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Benjamin Soibam
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering Technology, University of Houston-Downtown, Houston, 77002, USA
| | - Alon Azares
- Stem Cell Engineering, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Qiongying Lyu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - M David Stewart
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.,Stem Cell Engineering, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Preethi Gunaratne
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Austin Cooney
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Bradley K McConnell
- Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA
| | - Robert J Schwartz
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, TX 77204, USA.,Stem Cell Engineering, Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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40
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Okawa S, Nicklas S, Zickenrott S, Schwamborn JC, Del Sol A. A Generalized Gene-Regulatory Network Model of Stem Cell Differentiation for Predicting Lineage Specifiers. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:307-315. [PMID: 27546532 PMCID: PMC5034562 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/16/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Identification of cell-fate determinants for directing stem cell differentiation remains a challenge. Moreover, little is known about how cell-fate determinants are regulated in functionally important subnetworks in large gene-regulatory networks (i.e., GRN motifs). Here we propose a model of stem cell differentiation in which cell-fate determinants work synergistically to determine different cellular identities, and reside in a class of GRN motifs known as feedback loops. Based on this model, we develop a computational method that can systematically predict cell-fate determinants and their GRN motifs. The method was able to recapitulate experimentally validated cell-fate determinants, and validation of two predicted cell-fate determinants confirmed that overexpression of ESR1 and RUNX2 in mouse neural stem cells induces neuronal and astrocyte differentiation, respectively. Thus, the presented GRN-based model of stem cell differentiation and computational method can guide differentiation experiments in stem cell research and regenerative medicine. A network-based method for predicting lineage specifiers and key network motifs A computational guidance to stem cell differentiation experiments Overexpression of ESR1 in mNSCs induces neuronal differentiation Overexpression of RUNX2 in mNSCs induces astrocyte differentiation
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Okawa
- Computational Biology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sarah Nicklas
- Developmental and Cellular Biology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Sascha Zickenrott
- Computational Biology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Jens C Schwamborn
- Developmental and Cellular Biology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Antonio Del Sol
- Computational Biology Group, Luxembourg Centre for Systems Biomedicine, University of Luxembourg, 7 Avenue des Hauts Fourneaux, 4362 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg.
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41
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De Pauw A, Massion P, Sekkali B, Andre E, Dubroca C, Kmecova J, Bouzin C, Friart A, Sibille C, Gilon P, De Mulder D, Esfahani H, Strapart A, Martherus R, Payen V, Sonveaux P, Brouckaert P, Janssens S, Balligand JL. Paracrine nitric oxide induces expression of cardiac sarcomeric proteins in adult progenitor cells through soluble guanylyl cyclase/cyclic-guanosine monophosphate and Wnt/β-catenin inhibition. Cardiovasc Res 2016; 112:478-90. [PMID: 27520736 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvw196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Cardiac progenitor cells (CPC) from adult hearts can differentiate to several cell types composing the myocardium but the underlying molecular pathways are poorly characterized. We examined the role of paracrine nitric oxide (NO) in the specification of CPC to the cardiac lineage, particularly through its inhibition of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, a critical step preceding cardiac differentiation. METHODS AND RESULTS Sca1 + CPC from adult mouse hearts were isolated by magnetic-activated cell sorting and clonally expanded. Pharmacologic NO donors increased their expression of cardiac myocyte-specific sarcomeric proteins in a concentration and time-dependent manner. The optimal time window for NO efficacy coincided with up-regulation of CPC expression of Gucy1a3 (coding the alpha1 subunit of guanylyl cyclase). The effect of paracrine NO was reproduced in vitro upon co-culture of CPC with cardiac myocytes expressing a transgenic NOS3 (endothelial nitric oxide synthase) and in vivo upon injection of CPC in infarcted hearts from cardiac-specific NOS3 transgenic mice. In mono- and co-cultures, this effect was abrogated upon inhibition of soluble guanylyl cyclase or nitric oxide synthase, and was lost in CPC genetically deficient in Gucy1a3. Mechanistically, NO inhibits the constitutive activity of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin in CPC and in cell reporter assays in a guanylyl cyclase-dependent fashion. This was paralleled with decreased expression of β-catenin and down-regulation of Wnt target genes in CPC and abrogated in CPC with a stabilized, non-inhibitable β-catenin. CONCLUSIONS Exogenous or paracrine sources of NO promote the specification towards the myocyte lineage and expression of cardiac sarcomeric proteins of adult CPC. This is contingent upon the expression and activity of the alpha1 subunit of guanylyl cyclase in CPC that is necessary for NO-mediated inhibition of the canonical Wnt/β-catenin pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aurelia De Pauw
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Departement de Medecine Interne et Cliniques Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.53.09, 52 Ave. Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Massion
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Departement de Medecine Interne et Cliniques Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.53.09, 52 Ave. Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Belaid Sekkali
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Departement de Medecine Interne et Cliniques Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.53.09, 52 Ave. Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Emilie Andre
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Departement de Medecine Interne et Cliniques Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.53.09, 52 Ave. Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Dubroca
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Departement de Medecine Interne et Cliniques Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.53.09, 52 Ave. Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Jana Kmecova
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Departement de Medecine Interne et Cliniques Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.53.09, 52 Ave. Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Caroline Bouzin
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Departement de Medecine Interne et Cliniques Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.53.09, 52 Ave. Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ann Friart
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Departement de Medecine Interne et Cliniques Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.53.09, 52 Ave. Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Catherine Sibille
- Department of Human Genetics, Cliniques Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, 10 avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Patrick Gilon
- Pole of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Nutrition (EDIN), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.55.06, 55 avenue Hippocrate, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Delphine De Mulder
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Departement de Medecine Interne et Cliniques Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.53.09, 52 Ave. Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Hrag Esfahani
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Departement de Medecine Interne et Cliniques Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.53.09, 52 Ave. Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Adrien Strapart
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Departement de Medecine Interne et Cliniques Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.53.09, 52 Ave. Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ruben Martherus
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Departement de Medecine Interne et Cliniques Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.53.09, 52 Ave. Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valéry Payen
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Departement de Medecine Interne et Cliniques Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.53.09, 52 Ave. Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Departement de Medecine Interne et Cliniques Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.53.09, 52 Ave. Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Peter Brouckaert
- Department of Biomedical Molecular Biology, Universiteit Gent, Technologiepark 927, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Stefan Janssens
- Department of Cardiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Jean-Luc Balligand
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics (FATH), Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Departement de Medecine Interne et Cliniques Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, B1.53.09, 52 Ave. Mounier, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
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42
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Garreta E, de Oñate L, Fernández-Santos ME, Oria R, Tarantino C, Climent AM, Marco A, Samitier M, Martínez E, Valls-Margarit M, Matesanz R, Taylor DA, Fernández-Avilés F, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Montserrat N. Myocardial commitment from human pluripotent stem cells: Rapid production of human heart grafts. Biomaterials 2016; 98:64-78. [PMID: 27179434 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/04/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Genome editing on human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) together with the development of protocols for organ decellularization opens the door to the generation of autologous bioartificial hearts. Here we sought to generate for the first time a fluorescent reporter human embryonic stem cell (hESC) line by means of Transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALENs) to efficiently produce cardiomyocyte-like cells (CLCs) from hPSCs and repopulate decellularized human heart ventricles for heart engineering. In our hands, targeting myosin heavy chain locus (MYH6) with mCherry fluorescent reporter by TALEN technology in hESCs did not alter major pluripotent-related features, and allowed for the definition of a robust protocol for CLCs production also from human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) in 14 days. hPSCs-derived CLCs (hPSCs-CLCs) were next used to recellularize acellular cardiac scaffolds. Electrophysiological responses encountered when hPSCs-CLCs were cultured on ventricular decellularized extracellular matrix (vdECM) correlated with significant increases in the levels of expression of different ion channels determinant for calcium homeostasis and heart contractile function. Overall, the approach described here allows for the rapid generation of human cardiac grafts from hPSCs, in a total of 24 days, providing a suitable platform for cardiac engineering and disease modeling in the human setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Garreta
- Pluripotent Stem Cells and Activation of Endogenous Tissue Programs for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lorena de Oñate
- Pluripotent Stem Cells and Activation of Endogenous Tissue Programs for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; Center of Regenerative Medicine in Barcelona (CMRB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Eugenia Fernández-Santos
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Cell Production Unit, Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Roger Oria
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain; University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carolina Tarantino
- Pluripotent Stem Cells and Activation of Endogenous Tissue Programs for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Andreu M Climent
- Bioartifical Organs Laboratory, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Andrés Marco
- Pluripotent Stem Cells and Activation of Endogenous Tissue Programs for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mireia Samitier
- Pluripotent Stem Cells and Activation of Endogenous Tissue Programs for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Elena Martínez
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Valls-Margarit
- Biomimetic Systems for Cell Engineering, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael Matesanz
- National Transplant Organization (ONT), Spanish Ministry of Health and Consumption, Spain
| | - Doris A Taylor
- Center for Cardiovascular Repair, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA; Department of Regenerative Medicine Research, Texas Heart Institute, Houston, TX, USA; Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Francisco Fernández-Avilés
- Department of Cardiology, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Spain; Cell Production Unit, Department of Cardiology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.
| | | | - Nuria Montserrat
- Pluripotent Stem Cells and Activation of Endogenous Tissue Programs for Organ Regeneration, Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona, Spain.
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43
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Montserrat N, Garreta E, Izpisua Belmonte JC. Regenerative strategies for kidney engineering. FEBS J 2016; 283:3303-24. [DOI: 10.1111/febs.13704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2015] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nuria Montserrat
- Pluripotent Stem Cells and Activation of Endogenous Tissue Programs for Organ Regeneration (PR Lab) Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Spain
- Networking Biomedical Research Center in Bioengineering Biomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Madrid Spain
| | - Elena Garreta
- Pluripotent Stem Cells and Activation of Endogenous Tissue Programs for Organ Regeneration (PR Lab) Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC) Barcelona Spain
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44
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Viereck J, Kumarswamy R, Foinquinos A, Xiao K, Avramopoulos P, Kunz M, Dittrich M, Maetzig T, Zimmer K, Remke J, Just A, Fendrich J, Scherf K, Bolesani E, Schambach A, Weidemann F, Zweigerdt R, de Windt LJ, Engelhardt S, Dandekar T, Batkai S, Thum T. Long noncoding RNA
Chast
promotes cardiac remodeling. Sci Transl Med 2016; 8:326ra22. [DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aaf1475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 269] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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45
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Wu M, Wu D, Wang C, Guo Z, Li B, Zuo Z. Hexabromocyclododecane exposure induces cardiac hypertrophy and arrhythmia by inhibiting miR-1 expression via up-regulation of the homeobox gene Nkx2.5. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2016; 302:304-313. [PMID: 26476318 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 09/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) is one of the most widely used brominated flame retardants. Although studies have reported that HBCD can cause a wide range of toxic effects on animals including humans, limited information can be found about its cardiac toxicity. In the present study, zebrafish embryos were exposed to HBCD at low concentrations of 0, 2, 20 and 200 nM. The results showed that HBCD exposure could induce cardiac hypertrophy and increased deposition of collagen. In addition, disordered calcium (Ca(2+)) handling was observed in H9C2 rat cardiomyocyte cells exposed to HBCD. Using small RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR, HBCD exposure was shown to induce significant changes in the miRNA expression profile associated with the cardiovascular system. Further findings indicated that miR-1, which was depressed by Nkx2.5, might play a fundamental role in mediating cardiac hypertrophy and arrhythmia via its target genes Mef2a and Irx5 after HBCD treatment. HBCD exposure induced an arrhythmogenic disorder, which was triggered by the imbalance of Ryr2, Serca2a and Ncx1 expression, inducing Ca(2+) overload in the sarcoplasmic reticulum and high Ca(2+)-ATPase activities in the H9C2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meifang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Di Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Chonggang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zhizhun Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Bowen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China
| | - Zhenghong Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China; State Key Laboratory of Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian 361005, China.
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46
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Fuchs C, Gawlas S, Heher P, Nikouli S, Paar H, Ivankovic M, Schultheis M, Klammer J, Gottschamel T, Capetanaki Y, Weitzer G. Desmin enters the nucleus of cardiac stem cells and modulates Nkx2.5 expression by participating in transcription factor complexes that interact with the nkx2.5 gene. Biol Open 2016; 5:140-53. [PMID: 26787680 PMCID: PMC4823984 DOI: 10.1242/bio.014993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The transcription factor Nkx2.5 and the intermediate filament protein desmin are simultaneously expressed in cardiac progenitor cells during commitment of primitive mesoderm to the cardiomyogenic lineage. Up-regulation of Nkx2.5 expression by desmin suggests that desmin may contribute to cardiogenic commitment and myocardial differentiation by directly influencing the transcription of the nkx2.5 gene in cardiac progenitor cells. Here, we demonstrate that desmin activates transcription of nkx2.5 reporter genes, rescues nkx2.5 haploinsufficiency in cardiac progenitor cells, and is responsible for the proper expression of Nkx2.5 in adult cardiac side population stem cells. These effects are consistent with the temporary presence of desmin in the nuclei of differentiating cardiac progenitor cells and its physical interaction with transcription factor complexes bound to the enhancer and promoter elements of the nkx2.5 gene. These findings introduce desmin as a newly discovered and unexpected player in the regulatory network guiding cardiomyogenesis in cardiac stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiane Fuchs
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna A1030, Austria
| | - Sonja Gawlas
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna A1030, Austria
| | - Philipp Heher
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna A1030, Austria
| | - Sofia Nikouli
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Hannah Paar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna A1030, Austria
| | - Mario Ivankovic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna A1030, Austria
| | - Martina Schultheis
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna A1030, Austria
| | - Julia Klammer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna A1030, Austria
| | - Teresa Gottschamel
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna A1030, Austria
| | - Yassemi Capetanaki
- Center of Basic Research, Biomedical Research Foundation, Academy of Athens, Athens 115 27, Greece
| | - Georg Weitzer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna Biocenter, Vienna A1030, Austria
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47
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den Hartogh SC, Wolstencroft K, Mummery CL, Passier R. A comprehensive gene expression analysis at sequential stages of in vitro cardiac differentiation from isolated MESP1-expressing-mesoderm progenitors. Sci Rep 2016; 6:19386. [PMID: 26783251 PMCID: PMC4726039 DOI: 10.1038/srep19386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 11/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In vitro cardiac differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) closely recapitulates in vivo embryonic heart development, and therefore, provides an excellent model to study human cardiac development. We recently generated the dual cardiac fluorescent reporter MESP1mCherry/wNKX2-5eGFP/w line in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs), allowing the visualization of pre-cardiac MESP1+ mesoderm and their further commitment towards the cardiac lineage, marked by activation of the cardiac transcription factor NKX2-5. Here, we performed a comprehensive whole genome based transcriptome analysis of MESP1-mCherry derived cardiac-committed cells. In addition to previously described cardiac-inducing signalling pathways, we identified novel transcriptional and signalling networks indicated by transient activation and interactive network analysis. Furthermore, we found a highly dynamic regulation of extracellular matrix components, suggesting the importance to create a versatile niche, adjusting to various stages of cardiac differentiation. Finally, we identified cell surface markers for cardiac progenitors, such as the Leucine-rich repeat-containing G-protein coupled receptor 4 (LGR4), belonging to the same subfamily of LGR5, and LGR6, established tissue/cancer stem cells markers. We provide a comprehensive gene expression analysis of cardiac derivatives from pre-cardiac MESP1-progenitors that will contribute to a better understanding of the key regulators, pathways and markers involved in human cardiac differentiation and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabine C den Hartogh
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katherine Wolstencroft
- Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science Leiden Institute of Advanced Computer Science, Leiden University, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Robert Passier
- Department of Anatomy and Embryology, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Applied Stem cell Technologies. MIRA Institute for Biomedical Technology and Technical Medicine. University of Twente, P.O.Box 217, Enschede, The Netherlands
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48
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Kempf H, Andree B, Zweigerdt R. Large-scale production of human pluripotent stem cell derived cardiomyocytes. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:18-30. [PMID: 26658242 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/19/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine, including preclinical studies in large animal models and tissue engineering approaches as well as innovative assays for drug discovery, will require the constant supply of hPSC-derived cardiomyocytes and other functional progenies. Respective cell production processes must be robust, economically viable and ultimately GMP-compliant. Recent research has enabled transition of lab scale protocols for hPSC expansion and cardiomyogenic differentiation towards more controlled processing in industry-compatible culture platforms. Here, advanced strategies for the cultivation and differentiation of hPSCs will be reviewed by focusing on stirred bioreactor-based techniques for process upscaling. We will discuss how cardiomyocyte mass production might benefit from recent findings such as cell expansion at the cardiovascular progenitor state. Finally, remaining challenges will be highlighted, specifically regarding three dimensional (3D) hPSC suspension culture and critical safety issues ahead of clinical translation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Kempf
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Birgit Andree
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
| | - Robert Zweigerdt
- Leibniz Research Laboratories for Biotechnology and Artificial Organs (LEBAO), Department of Cardiac, Thoracic-, Transplantation and Vascular Surgery, Hannover Medical School, Germany; REBIRTH-Cluster of Excellence, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Str. 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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49
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van den Berg CW, Elliott DA, Braam SR, Mummery CL, Davis RP. Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cells to Cardiomyocytes Under Defined Conditions. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1353:163-180. [PMID: 25626427 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2014_178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can differentiate to cardiomyocytes in vitro, offering unique opportunities to investigate cardiac development and disease as well as providing a platform to perform drug and toxicity tests. Initial cardiac differentiation methods were based on either inductive co-culture or aggregation as embryoid bodies, often in the presence of fetal calf serum. More recently, monolayer differentiation protocols have evolved as feasible alternatives and are often performed in completely defined culture medium and substrates. Thus, our ability to efficiently and reproducibly generate cardiomyocytes from multiple different hESC and hiPSC lines has improved significantly.We have developed a directed differentiation monolayer protocol that can be used to generate cultures comprising ~50% cardiomyocytes, in which both the culture of the undifferentiated human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) and the differentiation procedure itself are defined and serum-free. The differentiation method is also effective for hPSCs maintained in other culture systems. In this chapter, we outline the differentiation protocol and describe methods to assess cardiac differentiation efficiency as well as to identify and quantify the yield of cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathelijne W van den Berg
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - David A Elliott
- Murdoch Childrens Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, 50 Flemington Road, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia
| | - Stefan R Braam
- Pluriomics BV, Biopartner Building 3, Galileiweg 8, Leiden, 2333 BD, The Netherlands
| | - Christine L Mummery
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands
| | - Richard P Davis
- Department of Anatomy & Embryology, Leiden University Medical Center, Einthovenweg 20, Leiden, 2333 ZC, The Netherlands.
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Beketaev I, Zhang Y, Weng KC, Rhee S, Yu W, Liu Y, Mager J, Wang J. cis-regulatory control of Mesp1 expression by YY1 and SP1 during mouse embryogenesis. Dev Dyn 2015; 245:379-87. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 09/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Ilimbek Beketaev
- Center for Stem Cell Engineering, Department of Basic Research Laboratories; Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital; Houston Texas USA
| | - Yi Zhang
- In Vitro Fertilization Center; Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical University; Haikou Hainan People's Republic of China
| | - Kuo-Chan Weng
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry; University of Houston; Houston Texas USA
| | - Siyeon Rhee
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences; University of Massachusetts; Amherst Massachusetts USA
| | - Wei Yu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry; University of Houston; Houston Texas USA
| | - Yu Liu
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry; University of Houston; Houston Texas USA
| | - Jesse Mager
- Department of Veterinary & Animal Sciences; University of Massachusetts; Amherst Massachusetts USA
| | - Jun Wang
- Center for Stem Cell Engineering, Department of Basic Research Laboratories; Texas Heart Institute at St. Luke's Episcopal Hospital; Houston Texas USA
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