1
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Saha NK, Salvia WS, Konkolewicz D, Hartley CS. Transient Covalent Polymers through Carbodiimide-Driven Assembly. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202404933. [PMID: 38772695 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024]
Abstract
Biochemical systems make use of out-of-equilibrium polymers generated under kinetic control. Inspired by these systems, many abiotic supramolecular polymers driven by chemical fuel reactions have been reported. Conversely, polymers based on transient covalent bonds have received little attention, even though they have the potential to complement supramolecular systems by generating transient structures based on stronger bonds and by offering a straightforward tuning of reaction kinetics. In this study, we show that simple aqueous dicarboxylic acids give poly(anhydrides) when treated with the carbodiimide EDC. Transient covalent polymers with molecular weights exceeding 15,000 are generated which then decompose over the course of hours to weeks. Disassembly kinetics can be controlled using simple substituent effects in the monomer design. The impact of solvent polarity, carbodiimide concentration, temperature, pyridine concentration, and monomer concentration on polymer properties and lifetimes has been investigated. The results reveal substantial control over polymer assembly and disassembly kinetics, highlighting the potential for fine-tuned kinetic control in nonequilibrium polymerization systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirob K Saha
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, United States
| | - William S Salvia
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, United States
| | - Dominik Konkolewicz
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, United States
| | - C Scott Hartley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Miami University, 651 E High St, Oxford, OH, 45056, United States
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2
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Islam M, Baroi MK, Das BK, Kumari A, Das K, Ahmed S. Chemically fueled dynamic switching between assembly-encoded emissions. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:3104-3114. [PMID: 38687299 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00251b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Self-assembly provides access to non-covalently synthesized supramolecular materials with distinct properties from a single building block. However, dynamic switching between functional states still remains challenging, but holds enormous potential in material chemistry to design smart materials. Herein, we demonstrate a chemical fuel-mediated strategy to dynamically switch between two distinctly emissive aggregates, originating from the self-assembly of a naphthalimide-appended peptide building block. A molecularly dissolved building block shows very weak blue emission, whereas, in the assembled state (Agg-1), it shows cyan emission through π stacking-mediated excimer emission. The addition of a chemical fuel, ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)carbodiimide (EDC), converts the terminal aspartic acid present in the building block to an intra-molecularly cyclized anhydride in situ forming a second aggregated state, Agg-2, by changing the molecular packing, thereby transforming the emission to strong blue. Interestingly, the anhydride gets hydrolyzed gradually to reform Agg-1 and the initial cyan emission is restored. The kinetic stability of the strong blue emissive aggregate, Agg-2, can be regulated by the added concentration of the chemical fuel. Moreover, we expand the scope of this system within an agarose gel matrix, which allows us to gain spatiotemporal control over the properties, thereby producing a self-erasable writing system where the chemical fuel acts as the ink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manirul Islam
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - Malay Kumar Baroi
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Basab Kanti Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam 781039, India
| | - Aanchal Kumari
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata, Kolkata 700054, India.
| | - Krishnendu Das
- Department of Molecules and Materials & MESA+ Institute, University of Twente, Drienerlolaan 5, 7522 NB, Enschede, The Netherlands.
| | - Sahnawaz Ahmed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER) Kolkata, Kolkata 700054, India.
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3
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Bowley E, Liu W, Adams DJ, Squires AM. Soft Materials with Time-Programmed Changes in Physical Properties through Lyotropic Phase Transitions Induced by pH-Changing Reactions. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:19585-19593. [PMID: 38579106 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
We present the development of time-programmable functional soft materials. The materials undergo reversible phase transitions between lyotropic phases with different topologies and symmetries, which in turn have very different physical properties: viscosity, diffusion, and optical transparency. Here, this behavior is achieved by combining pH-responsive lyotropic phases made from the lipid monoolein doped with 10% oleic acid, with chemical reactions that have well-defined controllable kinetics: autocatalytic urea-urease and methyl formate hydrolysis, which increase and decrease pH, respectively. In this case, we use small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) and optical imaging to show temporally controlled transitions between the cloudy hexagonal phase, which is a two-dimensional (2D) array of cylindrical inverse micelles, and the transparent, highly viscous three-dimensional (3D) bicontinuous cubic phases. By combining these into a single reaction mixture where the pH increases and then decreases again, we can induce a sequential transformation cycle from hexagonal to cubic and back to hexagonal over several hours. The sample therefore changes from cloudy to transparent and back again as a proof-of-concept demonstration for a wider range of soft materials with time-programmable changes in physical properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Bowley
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Wanli Liu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
| | - Dave J Adams
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, U.K
| | - Adam M Squires
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, U.K
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4
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Torigoe S, Nagao K, Kubota R, Hamachi I. Emergence of Dynamic Instability by Hybridizing Synthetic Self-Assembled Dipeptide Fibers with Surfactant Micelles. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:5799-5805. [PMID: 38407066 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c14565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/27/2024]
Abstract
Supramolecular chemistry currently faces the challenge of controlling nonequilibrium dynamics such as the dynamic instability of microtubules. In this study, we explored the emergence of dynamic instability through the hybridization of peptide-type supramolecular nanofibers with surfactant micelles. Using real-time confocal imaging, we discovered that the addition of micelles to nanofibers induced the simultaneous but asynchronous growth and shrinkage of nanofibers during which the total number of fibers decreased monotonically. This dynamic phenomenon unexpectedly persisted for 6 days and was driven not by chemical reactions but by noncovalent supramolecular interactions between peptide-type nanofibers and surfactant micelles. This study demonstrates a strategy for inducing autonomous supramolecular dynamics, which will open up possibilities for developing soft materials applicable to biomedicine and soft robotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shogo Torigoe
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Nagao
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Hamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
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5
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Fu H, Cao N, Zeng W, Liao M, Yao S, Zhou J, Zhang W. Pumping Small Molecules Selectively through an Energy-Assisted Assembling Process at Nonequilibrium States. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3323-3330. [PMID: 38273768 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c12228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2024]
Abstract
In living organisms, precise control over the spatial and temporal distribution of molecules, including pheromones, is crucial. This level of control is equally important for the development of artificial active materials. In this study, we successfully controlled the distribution of small molecules in the system at nonequilibrium states by actively transporting them, even against the apparent concentration gradient, with high selectivity. As a demonstration, in the aqueous solution of acid orange (AO7) and TMC10COOH, we found that AO7 molecules can coassemble with transient anhydride (TMC10CO)2O to form larger assemblies in the presence of chemical fuel 1-ethyl-3-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC). This led to a decrease in local free AO7 concentration and caused AO7 molecules from other locations in the solution to move toward the assemblies. Consequently, AO7 accumulates at the location where EDC was injected. By continuously injecting EDC, we could maintain a stable high value of the apparent AO7 concentration at the injection point. We also observed that this process which operated at nonequilibrium states exhibited high selectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huimin Fu
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Nengjie Cao
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wang Zeng
- National Centre for Inorganic Mass Spectrometry in Shanghai, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
| | - Min Liao
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Shenglin Yao
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Jiajia Zhou
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- South China Advanced Institute for Soft Matter Science and Technology, School of Emergent Soft Matter, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Functional and Intelligent Hybrid Materials and Devices, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, P. R. China
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6
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Kubota R, Hamachi I. Cell-Like Synthetic Supramolecular Soft Materials Realized in Multicomponent, Non-/Out-of-Equilibrium Dynamic Systems. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306830. [PMID: 38018341 PMCID: PMC10885657 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
Living cells are complex, nonequilibrium supramolecular systems capable of independently and/or cooperatively integrating multiple bio-supramolecules to execute intricate physiological functions that cannot be accomplished by individual biomolecules. These biological design strategies offer valuable insights for the development of synthetic supramolecular systems with spatially controlled hierarchical structures, which, importantly, exhibit cell-like responses and functions. The next grand challenge in supramolecular chemistry is to control the organization of multiple types of supramolecules in a single system, thus integrating the functions of these supramolecules in an orthogonal and/or cooperative manner. In this perspective, the recent progress in constructing multicomponent supramolecular soft materials through the hybridization of supramolecules, such as self-assembled nanofibers/gels and coacervates, with other functional molecules, including polymer gels and enzymes is highlighted. Moreover, results show that these materials exhibit bioinspired responses to stimuli, such as bidirectional rheological responses of supramolecular double-network hydrogels, temporal stimulus pattern-dependent responses of synthetic coacervates, and 3D hydrogel patterning in response to reaction-diffusion processes are presented. Autonomous active soft materials with cell-like responses and spatially controlled structures hold promise for diverse applications, including soft robotics with directional motion, point-of-care disease diagnosis, and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto UniversityKatsuraNishikyo‐kuKyoto615‐8510Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological ChemistryGraduate School of EngineeringKyoto UniversityKatsuraNishikyo‐kuKyoto615‐8510Japan
- JST‐ERATOHamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for NeuroscienceKyoto UniversityNishikyo‐kuKatsura615‐8530Japan
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7
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Chen X, Soria-Carrera H, Zozulia O, Boekhoven J. Suppressing catalyst poisoning in the carbodiimide-fueled reaction cycle. Chem Sci 2023; 14:12653-12660. [PMID: 38020366 PMCID: PMC10646924 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc04281b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In biology, cells regulate the function of molecules using catalytic reaction cycles that convert reagents with high chemical potential (fuel) to waste molecules. Inspired by biology, synthetic analogs of such chemical reaction cycles have been devised, and a widely used catalytic reaction cycle uses carboxylates as catalysts to accelerate the hydration of carbodiimides. The cycle is versatile and easy to use, so it is widely applied to regulate motors, pumps, self-assembly, and phase separation. However, the cycle suffers from side reactions, especially the formation of N-acylurea. In catalytic reaction cycles, side reactions are disastrous as they decrease the fuel's efficiency and, more importantly, destroy the molecular machinery or assembling molecules. Therefore, this work tested how to suppress N-acylurea by screening precursor concentration, its structure, carbodiimide structure, additives, temperature, and pH. It turned out that the combination of low temperature, low pH, and 10% pyridine as a fraction of the fuel could significantly suppress the N-acylurea side product and keep the reaction cycle highly effective to regulate successful assembly. We anticipate that our work will provide guidelines for using carbodiimide-fueled reaction cycles to regulate molecular function and how to choose optimal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyao Chen
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Héctor Soria-Carrera
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Oleksii Zozulia
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Department of Chemistry, School of Natural Science, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
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8
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Bal S, Ghosh C, Parvin P, Das D. Temporal Self-Regulation of Mechanical Properties via Catalytic Amyloid Polymers of a Short Peptide. NANO LETTERS 2023; 23:9988-9994. [PMID: 37831889 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c03135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
We report a short peptide that accessed dynamic catalytic polymers to demonstrate four-stage (sol-gel-weak gel-strong gel) temporal self-regulation of its mechanical properties. The peptide exploited its intrinsic catalytic capabilities of manipulating C-C bonds (retro-aldolase-like) that resulted in a nonlinear variation in the catalytic rate. The seven-residue sequence exploited two lysines for binding and cleaving the thermodynamically activated substrate that subsequently led to the self-regulation of the mechanical strengths of the polymerized states as a function of time and reaction progress. Interestingly, the polymerization events were modulated by the different catalytic potentials of the two terminal lysines to cleave the substrate, covalently trap the electrophilic products, and subsequently control the mechanical properties of the system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhajit Bal
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Chandranath Ghosh
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Payel Parvin
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Dibyendu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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9
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Kriebisch BAK, Kriebisch CME, Bergmann AM, Wanzke C, Tena‐Solsona M, Boekhoven J. Tuning the Kinetic Trapping in Chemically Fueled Self‐Assembly**. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202200035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitte A. K. Kriebisch
- School of Natural Science Department of Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Christine M. E. Kriebisch
- School of Natural Science Department of Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Alexander M. Bergmann
- School of Natural Science Department of Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Caren Wanzke
- School of Natural Science Department of Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Marta Tena‐Solsona
- School of Natural Science Department of Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
| | - Job Boekhoven
- School of Natural Science Department of Chemistry Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching bei München Germany
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10
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Xu H, Bai S, Gu G, Gao Y, Sun X, Guo X, Xuan F, Wang Y. Bioinspired Self-Resettable Hydrogel Actuators Powered by a Chemical Fuel. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:43825-43832. [PMID: 36103624 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c13368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The movements of soft living tissues, such as muscle, have sparked a strong interest in the design of hydrogel actuators; however, so far, typical manmade examples still lag behind their biological counterparts, which usually function under nonequilibrium conditions through the consumption of high-energy biomolecules and show highly autonomous behaviors. Here, we report on self-resettable hydrogel actuators that are powered by a chemical fuel and can spontaneously return to their original states over time once the fuels are depleted. Self-resettable actuation originates from a chemical fuel-mediated transient change in the hydrophilicity of the hydrogel networks. The actuation extent and duration can be programmed by the fuel levels, and the self-resettable actuation process is highly recyclable through refueling. Furthermore, various proof-of-concept autonomous soft robots are created, resembling the movements of soft-bodied creatures in nature. This work may serve as a starting point for the development of lifelike soft robots with autonomous behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Xu
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Shengyu Bai
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Guanyao Gu
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Gao
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Xun Sun
- Guizhou Aerospace Institute of Measuring and Testing Technology, Guiyang 550009, P. R. China
| | - Xuhong Guo
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Fuzhen Xuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Yiming Wang
- State-Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
- Shanghai Key Laboratory for Intelligent Sensing and Detection Technology, East China University of Science and Technology, Meilong Road 130, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
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11
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Englert A, Vogel JF, Bergner T, Loske J, von Delius M. A Ribonucleotide ↔ Phosphoramidate Reaction Network Optimized by Computer-Aided Design. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15266-15274. [PMID: 35953065 PMCID: PMC9413217 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A growing number of out-of-equilibrium systems have been
created
and investigated in chemical laboratories over the past decade. One
way to achieve this is to create a reaction cycle, in which the forward
reaction is driven by a chemical fuel and the backward reaction follows
a different pathway. Such dissipative reaction networks are still
relatively rare, however, and most non-enzymatic examples are based
on the carbodiimide-driven generation of carboxylic acid anhydrides.
In this work, we describe a dissipative reaction network that comprises
the chemically fueled formation of phosphoramidates from natural ribonucleotides
(e.g., GMP or AMP) and phosphoramidate hydrolysis as a mild backward
reaction. Because the individual reactions are subject to a multitude
of interconnected parameters, the software-assisted tool “Design
of Experiments” (DoE) was a great asset for optimizing and
understanding the network. One notable insight was the stark effect
of the nucleophilic catalyst 1-ethylimidazole (EtIm) on the hydrolysis
rate, which is reminiscent of the action of the histidine group in
phosphoramidase enzymes (e.g., HINT1). We were also able to use the
reaction cycle to generate transient self-assemblies, which were characterized
by dynamic light scattering (DLS), confocal microscopy (CLSM), and
cryogenic transmission electron microscopy (cryo-TEM). Because these
compartments are based on prebiotically plausible building blocks,
our findings may have relevance for origin-of-life scenarios.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Englert
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Julian F Vogel
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Tim Bergner
- Central Facility for Electron Microscopy, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Jessica Loske
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Max von Delius
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Ulm University, Albert-Einstein-Allee 11, 89081 Ulm, Germany
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12
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Kubota R, Torigoe S, Hamachi I. Temporal Stimulus Patterns Drive Differentiation of a Synthetic Dipeptide-Based Coacervate. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:15155-15164. [PMID: 35943765 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The fate of living cells often depends on their processing of temporally modulated information, such as the frequency and duration of various signals. Synthetic stimulus-responsive systems have been intensely studied for >50 years, but it is still challenging for chemists to create artificial systems that can decode dynamically oscillating stimuli and alter the systems' properties/functions because of the lack of sophisticated reaction networks that are comparable with biological signal transduction. Here, we report morphological differentiation of synthetic dipeptide-based coacervates in response to temporally distinct patterns of the light pulse. We designed a simple cationic diphenylalanine peptide derivative to enable the formation of coacervates. The coacervates concentrated an anionic methacrylate monomer and a photoinitiator, which provided a unique reaction environment and facilitated light-triggered radical polymerization─even in air. Pulsed light irradiation at 9.0 Hz (but not at 0.5 Hz) afforded anionic polymers. This dependence on the light pulse patterns is attributable to the competition of reactive radical intermediates between the methacrylate monomer and molecular oxygen. The temporal pulse pattern-dependent polymer formation enabled the coacervates to differentiate in terms of morphology and internal viscosity, with an ultrasensitive switch-like mode. Our achievements will facilitate the rational design of smart supramolecular soft materials and are insightful regarding the synthesis of sophisticated chemical cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo̅-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shogo Torigoe
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo̅-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo̅-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,JST-ERATO, Hamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience, Katsura, Nishikyo̅-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
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13
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Schnitter F, Rieß B, Jandl C, Boekhoven J. Memory, switches, and an OR-port through bistability in chemically fueled crystals. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2816. [PMID: 35595758 PMCID: PMC9122941 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-30424-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability to store information in chemical reaction networks is essential for the complex behavior we associate with life. In biology, cellular memory is regulated through transcriptional states that are bistable, i.e., a state that can either be on or off and can be flipped from one to another through a transient signal. Such memory circuits have been realized synthetically through the rewiring of genetic systems in vivo or through the rational design of reaction networks based on DNA and highly evolved enzymes in vitro. Completely bottom-up analogs based on small molecules are rare and hard to design and thus represent a challenge for systems chemistry. In this work, we show that bistability can be designed from a simple non-equilibrium reaction cycle that is coupled to crystallization. The crystals exert the necessary feedback on the reaction cycle required for the bistability resulting in an on-state with assemblies and an off-state without. Each state represents volatile memory that can be stored in continuously stirred tank reactors indefinitely even though molecules are turned over on a minute-timescale. We showcase the system’s abilities by creating a matrix display that can store images and by creating an OR-gate by coupling several switches together. In biology, information is stored and processed using highly evolved molecules in bistable states. Here, the authors demonstrate bistability in a synthetic system without the need for evolved biomolecules or autocatalytic networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Schnitter
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Benedikt Rieß
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Christian Jandl
- Catalysis Research Centre, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748, Garching, Germany. .,Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 2a, 85748, Garching, Germany.
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14
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Using Rheology to Understand Transient and Dynamic Gels. Gels 2022; 8:gels8020132. [PMID: 35200514 PMCID: PMC8872063 DOI: 10.3390/gels8020132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 02/14/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Supramolecular gels can be designed such that pre-determined changes in state occur. For example, systems that go from a solution (sol) state to a gel state and then back to a sol state can be prepared using chemical processes to control the onset and duration of each change of state. Based on this, more complex systems such as gel-to-sol-to-gel and gel-to-gel-to-gel systems can be designed. Here, we show that we can provide additional insights into such systems by using rheological measurements at varying values of frequency or strain during the evolution of the systems. Since the different states are affected to different degrees by the frequency and/or strain applied, this allows us to better understand and follow the changes in state in such systems.
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15
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Afrose SP, Mahato C, Sharma P, Roy L, Das D. Nonequilibrium Catalytic Supramolecular Assemblies of Melamine- and Imidazole-Based Dynamic Building Blocks. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:673-678. [PMID: 34990140 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c11457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The development of synthetic nonequilibrium systems has gathered increasing attention due to their potential to illustrate the dynamic, complex, and emergent traits of biological systems. Simple building blocks capable of interacting via dynamic covalent chemistry and physical assembly in a reaction network under nonequilibrium conditions can contribute to our understanding of complex systems of life and its origin. Herein, we have demonstrated the nonequilibrium generation of catalytic supramolecular assemblies from simple heterocycle melamine driven by a thermodynamically activated ester. Utilizing a reversible covalent linkage, an imidazole moiety was recruited by the assemblies to access a catalytic transient state that dissipated energy via accelerated hydrolysis of the activated ester. The nonequilibrium assemblies were further capable of temporally binding to a hydrophobic guest to modulate its photophysical properties. Notably, the presence of an exogenous aromatic base augmented the lifetime of the catalytic microphases, reflecting their higher kinetic stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed Pavel Afrose
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Chiranjit Mahato
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Pooja Sharma
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
| | - Lisa Roy
- Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai-IOC Odisha Campus Bhubaneswar, IIT Kharagpur Extension Centre, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | - Dibyendu Das
- Department of Chemical Sciences and Centre for Advanced Functional Materials, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER) Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, India
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16
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Xie X, Zhang Y, Liang Y, Wang M, Cui Y, Li J, Liu C. Programmable Transient Supramolecular Chiral G‐quadruplex Hydrogels by a Chemically Fueled Non‐equilibrium Self‐Assembly Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202114471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Qiao Xie
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Yujia Liang
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Mengke Wang
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Yihan Cui
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
| | - Jingjing Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Henan University of Technology Zhengzhou 450001 China
| | - Chun‐Sen Liu
- Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science Zhengzhou University of Light Industry Zhengzhou 450002 China
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17
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Xie XQ, Zhang Y, Wang M, Liang Y, Cui Y, Li J, Liu CS. Programmable Transient Supramolecular Chiral G-quadruplex Hydrogels via a Chemically Fueled Non-Equilibrium Self-assembly Strategy. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 61:e202114471. [PMID: 34927378 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202114471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The temporal and spatial control of natural systems has aroused great interest in the creation of synthetic mimics. Operating with boronic ester-based dynamic covalent chemistry and coupling it with an internal pH feedback system, herein, we developed a new chemically fueled reaction network to design non-equilibrium supramolecular chiral G-quadruplex hydrogels with programmable lifetime from minutes, to hours, to days, as well as high transparency and conductivity, excellent injectability and rapid self-healability. The cycle system can be controlled via in-situ kinetically-controlled formation and dissociation of dynamic boronic ester bonds between cis-diols of guanosine (G) and 5-fluorobenzoxaborole (B) under chemical fuels (KOH and 1,3-propanesultone), leading to the formation of a precipitate-solution-gel-precipitate cycle under non-equilibrium conditions. A combined experimental-computational approach revealed that the underlying mechanism of the non-equilibrium self-assembly involves aggregation and disaggregation of right-handed helical G-quadruplex superstructure. With consecutive cycles of fuel addition, the non-equilibrium system can be easily refueled at least 6 cycles without obvious loss in the rheological moduli of the transient hydrogels. The proposed dynamic boronic ester-based non-equilibrium self-assembly strategy offers a new option to design next-generation adaptive and interactive smart materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Qiao Xie
- Henan University of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, CHINA
| | - Mengke Wang
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, CHINA
| | - Yujia Liang
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, CHINA
| | - Yihan Cui
- Henan University of Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, CHINA
| | - Jingjing Li
- Henan University of Technology, Chemistry Department, Lianhua Street No. 100, 450001, Zhengzhou, CHINA
| | - Chun-Sen Liu
- Zhengzhou University of Light Industry, Henan Provincial Key Lab of Surface & Interface Science, CHINA
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18
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Nakamura K, Tanaka W, Sada K, Kubota R, Aoyama T, Urayama K, Hamachi I. Phototriggered Spatially Controlled Out-of-Equilibrium Patterns of Peptide Nanofibers in a Self-Sorting Double Network Hydrogel. J Am Chem Soc 2021; 143:19532-19541. [PMID: 34767720 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c09172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Out-of-equilibrium patterns arising from diffusion processes are ubiquitous in nature, although they have not been fully exploited for the design of artificial materials. Here, we describe the formation of phototriggered out-of-equilibrium patterns using photoresponsive peptide-based nanofibers in a self-sorting double network hydrogel. Light irradiation using a photomask followed by thermal incubation induced the spatially controlled condensation of peptide nanofibers. According to confocal images and spectroscopic analyses, metastable nanofibers photodecomposed in the irradiated areas, where thermodynamically stable nanofibers reconstituted and condensed with a supply of monomers from the nonirradiated areas. These supramolecular events were regulated by light and diffusion to facilitate the creation of unique out-of-equilibrium patterns, including two lines from a one-line photomask and a line pattern of a protein immobilized in the hydrogel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keisuke Nakamura
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Wataru Tanaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kei Sada
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Takuma Aoyama
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Kenji Urayama
- Department of Macromolecular Science and Engineering, Kyoto Institute of Technology, Matsugasaki, Kyoto 606-8585, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan.,JST-ERATO, Hamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
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19
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Synthesis and characterization of chemically fueled supramolecular materials driven by carbodiimide-based fuels. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:3901-3932. [PMID: 34194049 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00563-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Many supramolecular materials in biological systems are driven to a nonequilibrium state by the irreversible consumption of high-energy molecules such as ATP or GTP. As a result, they exhibit unique dynamic properties such as a tunable lifetime, adaptivity or the ability to self-heal. In contrast, synthetic counterparts that exist in or close to equilibrium are controlled by thermodynamic parameters and therefore lack these dynamic properties. To mimic biological materials more closely, synthetic self-assembling systems have been developed that are driven out of equilibrium by chemical reactions. This protocol describes the synthesis and characterization of such an assembly, which is driven by carbodiimide fuels. Depending on the amount of chemical fuel added to the material, its lifetime can be tuned. In the first step, the protocol details the synthesis and purification of the peptide-based precursors for the fuel-driven assemblies by solid-phase peptide synthesis. Then, we explain how to analyze the kinetic response of the precursors to a carbodiimide-based chemical fuel by HPLC and kinetic models. Finally, we detail how to study the emerging assembly's macro- and microscopic properties by time-lapse photography, UV-visible spectroscopy, shear rheology, confocal laser scanning microscopy and electron microscopy. The procedure is described using the example of a colloid-forming precursor Fmoc-E-OH and a fiber-forming precursor Fmoc-AAD-OH to emphasize the differences in characterization depending on the type of assembly. The characterization of a precursor's transient assembly can be done within 5 d. The synthesis and purification of a peptide precursor requires 2 d of work.
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20
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Schwarz PS, Tebcharani L, Heger JE, Müller-Buschbaum P, Boekhoven J. Chemically fueled materials with a self-immolative mechanism: transient materials with a fast on/off response. Chem Sci 2021; 12:9969-9976. [PMID: 34349967 PMCID: PMC8317627 DOI: 10.1039/d1sc02561a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an increasing demand for transient materials with a predefined lifetime like self-erasing temporary electronic circuits or transient biomedical implants. Chemically fueled materials are an example of such materials; they emerge in response to chemical fuel, and autonomously decay as they deplete it. However, these materials suffer from a slow, typically first order decay profile. That means that over the course of the material's lifetime, its properties continuously change until it is fully decayed. Materials that have a sharp on-off response are self-immolative ones. These degrade rapidly after an external trigger through a self-amplifying decay mechanism. However, self-immolative materials are not autonomous; they require a trigger. We introduce here materials with the best of both, i.e., materials based on chemically fueled emulsions that are also self-immolative. The material has a lifetime that can be predefined, after which it autonomously and rapidly degrades. We showcase the new material class with self-expiring labels and drug-delivery platforms with a controllable burst-release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick S Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Laura Tebcharani
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Julian E Heger
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Peter Müller-Buschbaum
- Lehrstuhl für Funktionelle Materialien, Physik Department, Technische Universität München James-Franck-Str. 1 85748 Garching Germany
- Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Technische Universität München Lichtenbergstr. 1 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstraße 2a 85748 Garching Germany
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21
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Kubota R, Tanaka W, Hamachi I. Microscopic Imaging Techniques for Molecular Assemblies: Electron, Atomic Force, and Confocal Microscopies. Chem Rev 2021; 121:14281-14347. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.0c01334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Wataru Tanaka
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- JST-ERATO, Hamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
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22
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Würbser MA, Schwarz PS, Heckel J, Bergmann AM, Walther A, Boekhoven J. Chemically Fueled Block Copolymer Self‐Assembly into Transient Nanoreactors**. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202100015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela A. Würbser
- Department of Chemistry Technical University Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Patrick S. Schwarz
- Department of Chemistry Technical University Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Jonas Heckel
- Institute for Macromolecular Chemistry University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 31 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Materials Research Center (FMF) University of Freiburg Stefan-Meier-Str. 21 79104 Freiburg Germany
- Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies (FIT) University of Freiburg Georges-Köhler-Allee 105 79110 Freiburg Germany
| | - Alexander M. Bergmann
- Department of Chemistry Technical University Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Andreas Walther
- A3BMS Lab Department of Chemistry University of Mainz Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
- Cluster of Excellence livMatS @ FIT – Freiburg Center for Interactive Materials and Bioinspired Technologies University of Freiburg Duesbergweg 10–14 55128 Mainz Germany
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Department of Chemistry Technical University Munich Lichtenbergstraße 4 85748 Garching Germany
- Institute for Advanced Studies Technical University Munich Lichtenbergstraße 2a 85748 Garching Germany
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23
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Mondal S, Haldar D. A transient non-covalent hydrogel by a supramolecular gelator with dynamic covalent bonds. NEW J CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1039/d0nj05992g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In aqueous solution, equilibrium self-assembly and gelation occur at higher concentration but on addition of EDC non-equilibrium self-assembly and transient hydrogels are formed at low concentration, which dissolve upon anhydride hydrolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahabaj Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
| | - Debasish Haldar
- Department of Chemical Sciences
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata
- Mohanpur-741246
- India
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24
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Panja S, Ghosh K. Progress in Benzimidazole/Benzimidazolium-Derived Supramolecular Gelators in Ion Recognition. MINI-REV ORG CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.2174/1570193x17999200430090415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The benzimidazole moiety, being a versatile heterocyclic unit, finds potential utility in
multiple applications ranging from material science to medicinal chemistry. Benzimidazole derivatives
are widely chosen as a multifunctional unit for the synthesis of bioactive organic compounds
because of their structural similarities to the natural nucleotides. They are also used as heteroaromatic
scaffolds in molecular probes for sensing and bio-imaging. Amphoteric nature of the benzimidazole
ring forms the basis of designing new fluorescent architectures for various metal ions, anions, nitroaromatics
as well as neutral organic molecules. Alongside, recent years have also witnessed the
emerging development of benzimidazole-based supramolecular gels, useful in sensing and water purification.
Supramolecular gels are a special class of self-assembled structures formed by weak noncovalent
interactions between the molecules and are easily tuned by external stimuli. Such stimuliresponsive
gels serve as smart materials because of their abilities to undergo gel-to-gel, or gel-to-sol
transition upon subtle change of the gel environment. Of various stimuli, ion coordination draws attention
for their visual detection and to adapt material properties. The ion-sensitive gels act as
fascinating biomaterials with potential applications in drug delivery, optoelectronics and catalysis.
Thus, designing of such ion-responsive gels is challenging. The rising popularity of benzimidazole
based-gels is related to its advanced properties such as π-bridging, hydrogen bonding, fluorescence
and ion coordinating abilities. This review focuses on recently developed various ion-responsive
benzimidazole motif-based supramolecular gelators by summarising the crucial role of the structural
parameters of benzimidazole gelators. Beside ion sensing, we also desire to summarize other possible
applications of gelators in material chemistry. Finally, the necessity and possibility of further exploration
of benzimidazole/ benzimidazolium derived gelators are briefly described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Panja
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India
| | - Kumaresh Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, India
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25
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Chivers PRA, Dookie RS, Gough JE, Webb SJ. Photo-dissociation of self-assembled (anthracene-2-carbonyl)amino acid hydrogels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:13792-13795. [PMID: 33078185 DOI: 10.1039/d0cc05292b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids modified with an N-terminal anthracene group self-assemble into supramolecular hydrogels upon the addition of a range of salts or cell culture medium. Gel-phase photo-dimerisation of gelators results in hydrogel disassembly and was used to recover cells from 3D culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip R A Chivers
- Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK.
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26
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Mondal S, Podder D, Nandi SK, Roy Chowdhury S, Haldar D. Acid-responsive fibrillation and urease-assisted defibrillation of phenylalanine: a transient supramolecular hydrogel. SOFT MATTER 2020; 16:10115-10121. [PMID: 32761013 DOI: 10.1039/d0sm00774a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of proteins and peptides into fibrils is associated with many neurodegenerative diseases in humans, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease and non-neurological type-II diabetes. A better understanding of the fibril formation process and defibrillation using biochemical tools is highly important for therapeutics. Under physiological conditions, acidic pH promotes the formation of toxic fibrils. Here, a mimic of living systems has been achieved by the acid-responsive assembly of benzyloxycarbonyl-l-phenylalanine to fibrils, as well as the urease-assisted disassembly of the said fibrils. The simultaneous incorporation of the two triggers helped to prepare a transient supramolecular hydrogel from benzyloxycarbonyl-l-phenylalanine-entangled fibrils with a high degree of control over the self-assembly lifetime and mechanical properties. Further, under acidic pH, the compound formed the O-HO[double bond, length as m-dash]C hydrogen-bonded dimer. The dimers were further self-assembled by intermolecular N-HO[double bond, length as m-dash]C hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking interactions to form fibrils with high mechanical properties, from this simple molecule. However, the self-assembly process is dynamic. Hence, the in situ-generated NH3 uniformly increased the pH and led to the homogeneous disassembly of the fibrils. Thus, this report provides a valuable approach to defibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sahabaj Mondal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur 741246, West Bengal, India.
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27
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Tena‐Solsona M, Janssen J, Wanzke C, Schnitter F, Park H, Rieß B, Gibbs JM, Weber CA, Boekhoven J. Accelerated Ripening in Chemically Fueled Emulsions**. CHEMSYSTEMSCHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/syst.202000034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marta Tena‐Solsona
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 2a 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Jacqueline Janssen
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems Nöthnitzer Strasse 38 01187 Dresden Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden Pfotenhauerstrasse 108 01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Caren Wanzke
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Fabian Schnitter
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Hansol Park
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Drive T6G 2G2 Edmonton Canada
| | - Benedikt Rieß
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Julianne M. Gibbs
- Department of Chemistry University of Alberta 11227 Saskatchewan Drive T6G 2G2 Edmonton Canada
| | - Christoph A. Weber
- Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems Nöthnitzer Strasse 38 01187 Dresden Germany
- Center for Systems Biology Dresden Pfotenhauerstrasse 108 01307 Dresden Germany
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Department of Chemistry Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 4 85748 Garching Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study Technical University of Munich Lichtenbergstrasse 2a 85748 Garching Germany
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28
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Jayalath IM, Wang H, Mantel G, Kariyawasam LS, Hartley CS. Chemically Fueled Transient Geometry Changes in Diphenic Acids. Org Lett 2020; 22:7567-7571. [PMID: 32961060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Transient changes in molecular geometry are key to the function of many important biochemical systems. Here, we show that diphenic acids undergo out-of-equilibrium changes in dihedral angle when reacted with a carbodiimide chemical fuel. Treatment of appropriately functionalized diphenic acids with EDC (N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride) yields the corresponding diphenic anhydrides, reducing the torsional angle about the biaryl bond by ∼45°, regardless of substitution. In the absence of steric resistance, the reaction is well-described by a simple mechanism; the resulting kinetic parameters can be used to derive important properties of the system, such as yields and lifetimes. The reaction tolerates steric hindrance ortho to the biaryl bond, although the competing formation of (transient) byproducts complicates quantitative analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isuru M Jayalath
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Hehe Wang
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Georgia Mantel
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - Lasith S Kariyawasam
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
| | - C Scott Hartley
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, United States
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29
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Dai K, Fores JR, Wanzke C, Winkeljann B, Bergmann AM, Lieleg O, Boekhoven J. Regulating Chemically Fueled Peptide Assemblies by Molecular Design. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:14142-14149. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c04203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kun Dai
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Jennifer Rodon Fores
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Caren Wanzke
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Benjamin Winkeljann
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Alexander M. Bergmann
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Oliver Lieleg
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Munich School of Bioengineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmannstrasse 11, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Job Boekhoven
- Department of Chemistry, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 4, 85748 Garching, Germany
- Institute for Advanced Study, Technical University of Munich, Lichtenbergstrasse 2a, 85748 Garching, Germany
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Kubota R, Makuta M, Suzuki R, Ichikawa M, Tanaka M, Hamachi I. Force generation by a propagating wave of supramolecular nanofibers. Nat Commun 2020; 11:3541. [PMID: 32669562 PMCID: PMC7363860 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-17394-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Dynamic spatiotemporal patterns that arise from out-of-equilibrium biochemical reactions generate forces in living cells. Despite considerable recent efforts, rational design of spatiotemporal patterns in artificial molecular systems remains at an early stage of development. Here, we describe force generation by a propagating wave of supramolecular nanofibers. Inspired by actin dynamics, a reaction network is designed to control the formation and degradation of nanofibers by two chemically orthogonal stimuli. Real-time fluorescent imaging successfully visualizes the propagating wave based on spatiotemporally coupled generation and collapse of nanofibers. Numerical simulation indicates that the concentration gradient of degradation stimulus and the smaller diffusion coefficient of the nanofiber are critical for wave emergence. Moreover, the force (0.005 pN) generated by chemophoresis and/or depletion force of this propagating wave can move nanobeads along the wave direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryou Kubota
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan
| | - Masahiro Makuta
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Ryo Suzuki
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ichikawa
- Department of Physics, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan
| | - Motomu Tanaka
- Center for Integrative Medicine and Physics, Institute for Advanced Study, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, 606-8501, Japan.,Physical Chemistry of Biosystems, Institute of Physical Chemistry, Heidelberg University, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Itaru Hamachi
- Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan. .,JST-ERATO, Hamachi Innovative Molecular Technology for Neuroscience, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8530, Japan.
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Abstract
Pathway dependence is common in self-assembly. Herein, the importance of pathway dependence for redox-driven gels is shown by constructing a FeII /FeIII redox-based metal-organic gel system is shown. In situ oxidation of the FeII ions at different rates results in conversion of a FeII gel into a FeIII organic gel, which controls the material properties, such as gel stiffness, gel strength, and an unusual swelling behaviour, is described. The rate of formation of FeIII ions determines the extent of intermolecular interactions and so whether gelation or precipitation occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santanu Panja
- School of ChemistryUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
| | - Dave J. Adams
- School of ChemistryUniversity of GlasgowGlasgowG12 8QQUK
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Ghosh S, Panja A, Ghosh K. Selective Dosimetric Sensing of Hg
2+
Ions by Design‐Based Small Molecular Gelator. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202000528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Ghosh
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 India
| | - Atanu Panja
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 India
| | - Kumaresh Ghosh
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Kalyani Kalyani 741235 India
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