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Klavins L, Almonaitytė K, Šalaševičienė A, Zommere A, Spalvis K, Vincevica-Gaile Z, Korpinen R, Klavins M. Strategy of Coniferous Needle Biorefinery into Value-Added Products to Implement Circular Bioeconomy Concepts in Forestry Side Stream Utilization. Molecules 2023; 28:7085. [PMID: 37894564 PMCID: PMC10609605 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Sustainable development goals require a reduction in the existing heavy reliance on fossil resources. Forestry can be considered a key resource for the bioeconomy, providing timber, energy, chemicals (including fine chemicals), and various other products. Besides the main product, timber, forestry generates significant amounts of different biomass side streams. Considering the unique and highly complex chemical composition of coniferous needle/greenery biomass, biorefinery strategies can be considered as prospective possibilities to address top segments of the bio-based value pyramid, addressing coniferous biomass side streams as a source of diverse chemical substances with applications as the replacement of fossil material-based chemicals, building blocks, food, and feed and applications as fine chemicals. This study reviews biorefinery methods for coniferous tree forestry biomass side streams, exploring the production of value-added products. Additionally, it discusses the potential for developing further biorefinery strategies to obtain products with enhanced value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linards Klavins
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (A.Z.); (Z.V.-G.); (M.K.)
| | - Karolina Almonaitytė
- Food Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.A.); (A.Š.)
| | - Alvija Šalaševičienė
- Food Institute, Kaunas University of Technology, Radvilenu Rd. 19, LT-50254 Kaunas, Lithuania; (K.A.); (A.Š.)
| | - Alise Zommere
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (A.Z.); (Z.V.-G.); (M.K.)
| | | | - Zane Vincevica-Gaile
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (A.Z.); (Z.V.-G.); (M.K.)
| | - Risto Korpinen
- Biomass Fractionation Technologies, Production Systems, Natural Resources Institute Finland, Viikinkaari 9, FI-00790 Helsinki, Finland;
| | - Maris Klavins
- Department of Environmental Science, University of Latvia, Raina Blvd. 19, LV-1586 Riga, Latvia; (A.Z.); (Z.V.-G.); (M.K.)
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Verdaguer IB, Crispim M, Hernández A, Katzin AM. The Biomedical Importance of the Missing Pathway for Farnesol and Geranylgeraniol Salvage. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27248691. [PMID: 36557825 PMCID: PMC9782597 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27248691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Isoprenoids are the output of the polymerization of five-carbon, branched isoprenic chains derived from isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and its isomer, dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP). Isoprene units are consecutively condensed to form longer structures such as farnesyl and geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate (FPP and GGPP, respectively), necessary for the biosynthesis of several metabolites. Polyprenyl transferases and synthases use polyprenyl pyrophosphates as their natural substrates; however, it is known that free polyprenols, such as farnesol (FOH), and geranylgeraniol (GGOH) can be incorporated into prenylated proteins, ubiquinone, cholesterol, and dolichols. Furthermore, FOH and GGOH have been shown to block the effects of isoprenoid biosynthesis inhibitors such as fosmidomycin, bisphosphonates, or statins in several organisms. This phenomenon is the consequence of a short pathway, which was observed for the first time more than 25 years ago: the polyprenol salvage pathway, which works via the phosphorylation of FOH and GGOH. Biochemical studies in bacteria, animals, and plants suggest that this pathway can be carried out by two enzymes: a polyprenol kinase and a polyprenyl-phosphate kinase. However, to date, only a few genes have been unequivocally identified to encode these enzymes in photosynthetic organisms. Nevertheless, pieces of evidence for the importance of this pathway abound in studies related to infectious diseases, cancer, dyslipidemias, and nutrition, and to the mitigation of the secondary effects of several drugs. Furthermore, nowadays it is known that both FOH and GGOH can be incorporated via dietary sources that produce various biological effects. This review presents, in a simplified but comprehensive manner, the most important data on the FOH and GGOH salvage pathway, stressing its biomedical importance The main objective of this review is to bring to light the need to discover and characterize the kinases associated with the isoprenoid salvage pathway in animals and pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignasi Bofill Verdaguer
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 1374, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Marcell Crispim
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 1374, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
| | - Agustín Hernández
- Integrated Unit for Research in Biodiversity (BIOTROP-CCBS), Center for Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos 13565-905, Brazil
| | - Alejandro Miguel Katzin
- Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences of the University of São Paulo, Av. Lineu Prestes 1374, São Paulo 05508-000, Brazil
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +55-11-3091-7330; Fax: +55-11-3091-7417
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Gladchuk AS, Krasnov KA, Keltsieva OA, Kalninia YK, Alexandrova ML, Ivanov NS, Muradymov MZ, Krasnov NV, Reynyuk VL, Sukhodolov NG, Podolskaya EP. A new approach for analysis of polyprenols by a combination of thin-film chemical deposition and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2021; 35:e9185. [PMID: 34460139 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
RATIONALE The polyprenols are involved in some essential biosynthetic pathways and serve as ubiquitous components of cellular membranes, so their fingerprinting in natural samples is of great interest. Previous studies indicate that due to the high hydrophobicity of polyprenols their direct analysis by mass spectrometry with soft ionization techniques may be difficult and require preliminary off-line derivatization. Hence, a method for rapid and sensitive screening of polyprenols is required. METHODS A combination of thin-film chemical deposition and matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOFMS) was used for analysis of the polyprenol profile of Abies sibirica L. extract. Polyprenol-based monolayers were formed at the interphase of aqueous barium acetate solution, supplemented with 2,5-dihydroxybenzoic acid, and an n-hexane solution of polyprenols directly on a MALDI target plate. RESULTS Peaks corresponding to [M - H + Ba]+ ions were observed in the MALDI-TOF mass spectra of polyprenols. A total of nine polyprenol homologues were identified with a polyprenol of 16 isoprene units dominating. The limit of detection was established at the level of 6 pg. Possible mechanisms of formation of [M - H + Ba]+ ions of polyprenols were discussed. CONCLUSIONS The proposed approach can be suitable for high-throughput screening of polyprenols in biological samples of different origin due to easy sample preparation and high sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexey S Gladchuk
- Golikov Research Center of Toxicology, St. Petersburg, 192019, Russia
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | | | - Olga A Keltsieva
- Golikov Research Center of Toxicology, St. Petersburg, 192019, Russia
- Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 198095, Russia
| | - Yana K Kalninia
- Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg, 195251, Russia
| | | | - Nikita S Ivanov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | - Marat Z Muradymov
- Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 198095, Russia
| | - Nikolai V Krasnov
- Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 198095, Russia
| | | | - Nikolai G Sukhodolov
- Institute of Chemistry, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, 198504, Russia
| | - Ekaterina P Podolskaya
- Golikov Research Center of Toxicology, St. Petersburg, 192019, Russia
- Institute for Analytical Instrumentation, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, 198095, Russia
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Dmuchowski W, Baczewska-Dąbrowska A, Gozdowski D, Brągoszewska P, Gworek B, Suwara I, Chojnacki T, Jóźwiak A, Swiezewska E. Effect of salt stress in urban conditions on two Acer species with different sensitivity. PeerJ 2021; 9:e10577. [PMID: 33575122 PMCID: PMC7847709 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.10577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The benefits of trees in urban areas include the following: an increase in ecosystem health, an increase in human health, the mitigation of the effects of heat and drought at microclimate level, the storage and sequestration of carbon, and a reduction in air pollution and noise. These ecosystem services can be provided only by trees that are in good health. The main cause of salt stress in urban environments is the use of de-icing salts on the streets in winter. Salt stress is a complex process that includes changes in plants on the physiological, histological, cellular and molecular levels, leading to limitations in nutrient uptake, disrupting the ionic balance of trees and resulting in the death of roadside trees. In response to salinity, trees have developed a variety of defence mechanisms that allow them to minimize the effects of stress and maintain homeostasis. Methodology The reactions of two species Acer species: A. platanoides and A. campestre, which have different sensitivities to the unfavourable conditions of the urban environments (mainly salt stress), were investigated. The research included two experiments: a field experiment with city trees and a controlled pot experiment with young trees treated with increasing doses of salt. In both experiments, the following were performed: an assessment of the health condition of the trees and the content of macroelements as well as the Cl and Na in leaves and a qualitative and quantitative analysis of polyprenols. Results A. campestre had a more specific strategy than A. platanoides for dealing with Na and Cl, which resulted in undamaged leaves. Under the same conditions, A. platanoides leaves contained more Cl and Na and were severely damaged. The disruption of the ion balance due to salt stress was lower in A. campestre than in A. platanoides. Compared with A. platanoides, A. campestre synthesized more polyprenols in the field experiment. This ability was acquired during the process of acclimation, because it occurred only in the mature trees in the field experiment and not in the young trees in the pot experiment. Conclusions The use of two experimental methods (i.e., the field and pot experiments) allowed for a more complete assessment of tree strategies to mitigate salt stress. A. campestre displayed a more specific strategy than A. platanoides. This strategy was based on several elements. A. campestre limited Cl and Na transport to the leaves, which resulted in a lack of damage to those organs. Under the same conditions, A. platanoides individuals contained more Cl and Na in their leaves and were seriously damaged. A. campestre synthesized larger amounts of polyprenols, which probably have the ability to mitigate salt stress. This ability was acquired during the process of acclimation, because it occurred only in the mature trees in the field experiment and was not observed in the young trees in the pot experiment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wojciech Dmuchowski
- Institute of Environmental Protection-National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Aneta Baczewska-Dąbrowska
- Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden-Center for Conservation of Biological Diversity, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | | | - Barbara Gworek
- Institute of Environmental Protection-National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Irena Suwara
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences-SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Chojnacki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam Jóźwiak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Swiezewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
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Gawrys O, Rak M, Baranowska I, Bobis-Wozowicz S, Szaro K, Madeja Z, Swiezewska E, Masnyk M, Chmielewski M, Karnas E, Kompanowska-Jezierska E. Polyprenol-Based Lipofecting Agents for In Vivo Delivery of Therapeutic DNA to Treat Hypertensive Rats. Biochem Genet 2020; 59:62-82. [PMID: 32767051 PMCID: PMC7846535 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-020-09992-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Development of efficient vectors for transfection is one of the major challenges in genetic engineering. Previous research demonstrated that cationic derivatives of polyisoprenoids (PTAI) may serve as carriers of nucleic acids. In the present study, the effectiveness of two PTAI-based formulations (PTAI-6–8 and 10–14) was investigated and compared to the commercial reagents. The purpose of applied gene therapy was to enhance the expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF-A) in the renal medulla of spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and to test its potential as a novel antihypertensive intervention. In the first part of the study (in vitro), we confirmed that PTAI-based lipoplexes efficiently transfect XC rat sarcoma cells and are stable in 37 °C for 7 days. In the in vivo experiments, we administered selected lipoplexes directly to the kidneys of conscious SHR (via osmotic pumps). There were no blood pressure changes and VEGF-A level in renal medulla was significantly higher only for PTAI-10–14-based formulation. In conclusion, despite the promising results, we were not able to achieve VEGF-A expression level high enough to verify VEGF-A gene therapy usefulness in SHR. However, results of our study give important indications for the future development of PTAI-based DNA carriers and kidney-targeted gene delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Gawrys
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, M. Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, 5 A. Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland.
| | - Monika Rak
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 7 Gronostajowa St., 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Iwona Baranowska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, M. Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, 5 A. Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Sylwia Bobis-Wozowicz
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 7 Gronostajowa St., 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Karolina Szaro
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 7 Gronostajowa St., 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Zbigniew Madeja
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 7 Gronostajowa St., 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ewa Swiezewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, PAS, 5a A. Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Masnyk
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 M. Kasprzaka Street, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Marek Chmielewski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Polish Academy of Sciences, 44/52 M. Kasprzaka Street, 01-224, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Karnas
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 7 Gronostajowa St., 30-387, Kraków, Poland
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 7 Gronostajowa St., 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - Elzbieta Kompanowska-Jezierska
- Department of Renal and Body Fluid Physiology, M. Mossakowski Medical Research Centre, PAS, 5 A. Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
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Salvador-Castell M, Tourte M, Oger PM. In Search for the Membrane Regulators of Archaea. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E4434. [PMID: 31505830 PMCID: PMC6770870 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20184434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Membrane regulators such as sterols and hopanoids play a major role in the physiological and physicochemical adaptation of the different plasmic membranes in Eukarya and Bacteria. They are key to the functionalization and the spatialization of the membrane, and therefore indispensable for the cell cycle. No archaeon has been found to be able to synthesize sterols or hopanoids to date. They also lack homologs of the genes responsible for the synthesis of these membrane regulators. Due to their divergent membrane lipid composition, the question whether archaea require membrane regulators, and if so, what is their nature, remains open. In this review, we review evidence for the existence of membrane regulators in Archaea, and propose tentative location and biological functions. It is likely that no membrane regulator is shared by all archaea, but that they may use different polyterpenes, such as carotenoids, polyprenols, quinones and apolar polyisoprenoids, in response to specific stressors or physiological needs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Salvador-Castell
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Maxime Tourte
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
| | - Philippe M Oger
- Université de Lyon, CNRS, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
- Université de Lyon, INSA de Lyon, UMR 5240, F-69621 Villeurbanne, France.
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16-Hydroxy-Lycopersene, a Polyisoprenoid Alcohol Isolated from Tournefortia hirsutissima, Inhibits Nitric Oxide Production in RAW 264.7 Cells and Induces Apoptosis in Hep3B Cells. Molecules 2019; 24:molecules24132366. [PMID: 31248041 PMCID: PMC6651038 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24132366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 06/24/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Three polyisoprenoid alcohols were isolated from the leaves of Tournefortia hirsutissima by a bioassay-guided phytochemical investigation. The compounds were identified as 16-hydroxy-lycopersene (Compound 1), (Z8,E3,ω)-dodecaprenol (Compound 2) and (Z9,E3,ω)-tridecaprenol (Compound 3). Compound 1, an unusual polyisoprenoid, was characterized by 1D and 2D NMR. We also determined the absolute configuration at C-16 by the modified Mosher’s method. The in vitro antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory activities of the isolated compounds were evaluated. Among isolates, Compound 1 moderately inhibited the nitric oxide production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. On the other hand, Compound 1 displayed selective antiproliferative activity against HeLa, PC3, HepG2 and Hep3B cancer cells and was less potent against IHH non-cancerous cells. Compound 1 in Hep3B cells showed significant inhibition of cell cycle progression increasing the sub-G1 phase, suggesting cell death. Acridine orange/ethidium bromide staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI staining demonstrated that cell death induced by Compound 1 in cells Hep3B was by apoptosis. Further study showed that apoptosis induced by Compound 1 in Hep3b cells is associated with the increase of the ratio of Bax/Bcl-2, and caspase 3/7 activation. These results suggest that Compound 1 induce apoptotic cell death by the mitochondrial pathway. To our knowledge, this is the first report about the presence of polyprenol Compounds 1–3 in T. hirsutissima, and the apoptotic and anti-inflammatory action of Compound 1.
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Homayoun F, Ghassamipour S. A domino knoevenagel-phospha-michael reaction: One-pot synthesis of novel organophosphonates in the presence of multi-walled carbon nanotube‒CO‒NH(CH2)2NH-SO3H as catalyst. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2018.1452230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fatemeh Homayoun
- Department of Chemistry, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
| | - Soheila Ghassamipour
- Department of Chemistry, Marvdasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marvdasht, Iran
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Milewska-Hendel A, Baczewska AH, Sala K, Dmuchowski W, Brągoszewska P, Gozdowski D, Jozwiak A, Chojnacki T, Swiezewska E, Kurczynska E. Quantitative and qualitative characteristics of cell wall components and prenyl lipids in the leaves of Tilia x euchlora trees growing under salt stress. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0172682. [PMID: 28234963 PMCID: PMC5325302 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0172682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The study was focused on assessing the presence of arabinogalactan proteins (AGPs) and pectins within the cell walls as well as prenyl lipids, sodium and chlorine content in leaves of Tilia x euchlora trees. The leaves that were analyzed were collected from trees with and without signs of damage that were all growing in the same salt stress conditions. The reason for undertaking these investigations was the observations over many years that indicated that there are trees that present a healthy appearance and trees that have visible symptoms of decay in the same habitat. Leaf samples were collected from trees growing in the median strip between roadways that have been intensively salted during the winter season for many years. The sodium content was determined using atomic spectrophotometry, chloride using potentiometric titration and poly-isoprenoids using HPLC/UV. AGPs and pectins were determined using immunohistochemistry methods. The immunohistochemical analysis showed that rhamnogalacturonans I (RG-I) and homogalacturonans were differentially distributed in leaves from healthy trees in contrast to leaves from injured trees. In the case of AGPs, the most visible difference was the presence of the JIM16 epitope. Chemical analyses of sodium and chloride showed that in the leaves from injured trees, the level of these ions was higher than in the leaves from healthy trees. Based on chromatographic analysis, four poly-isoprenoid alcohols were identified in the leaves of T. x euchlora. The levels of these lipids were higher in the leaves from healthy trees. The results suggest that the differences that were detected in the apoplast and symplasm may be part of the defensive strategy of T. x euchlora trees to salt stress, which rely on changes in the chemical composition of the cell wall with respect to the pectic and AGP epitopes and an increased synthesis of prenyl lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Milewska-Hendel
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Aneta H. Baczewska
- Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden–Center for the Conservation of Biological Diversity, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Sala
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
| | - Wojciech Dmuchowski
- Polish Academy of Sciences Botanical Garden–Center for the Conservation of Biological Diversity, Warsaw, Poland
- Warsaw University of Life Sciences–SGGW, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Paulina Brągoszewska
- Institute of Environmental Protection–National Research Institute, Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Adam Jozwiak
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics–Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tadeusz Chojnacki
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics–Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Swiezewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics–Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Ewa Kurczynska
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland
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Fedotova J, Soultanov V, Nikitina T, Roschin V, Ordyan N, Hritcu L. Ropren® treatment reverses anxiety-like behavior and monoamines levels in gonadectomized rat model of Alzheimer’s disease. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 83:1444-1455. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.08.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2016] [Revised: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Cognitive-enhancing activities of the polyprenol preparation Ropren® in gonadectomized β-amyloid (25–35) rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Physiol Behav 2016; 157:55-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2016] [Accepted: 01/24/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Soultanov V, Fedotova J, Nikitina T, Roschin V, Ordyan N, Hritcu L. Antidepressant-Like Effect of Ropren® in β-Amyloid-(25–35) Rat Model of Alzheimer’s Disease with Altered Levels of Androgens. Mol Neurobiol 2016; 54:2611-2621. [DOI: 10.1007/s12035-016-9848-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Accepted: 03/09/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Zhang Q, Huang L, Zhang C, Xie P, Zhang Y, Ding S, Xu F. Synthesis and biological activity of polyprenols. Fitoterapia 2015; 106:184-93. [PMID: 26358482 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2015.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The polyprenols and their derivatives are highlighted in this study. These lipid linear polymers of isoprenoid residues are widespread in nature from bacteria to human cells. This review primarily presents the synthesis and biological activities of polyprenyl derivatives. Attention is focused on the synthesis and biological activity of dolichols, polyprenyl ester derivatives and polyprenyl amines. Other polyprenyl derivatives, such as oxides of polyprenols, aromatic polyprenols, polyprenyl bromide and polyprenyl sulphates, are mentioned. It is noted that polyprenyl phosphates and polyprenyl-linked glycosylation have better antibacterial, gene therapy and immunomodulating performance, whereas polyprenyl amines have better for antibacterial and antithrombotic activity. Dolichols, polyprenyl acetic esters, polyprenyl phosphates and polyprenyl-linked glycosylation have pharmacological anti-tumour effects. Finally, the postulated prospect of polyprenols and their derivatives are discussed. Further in vivo studies on the above derivatives are needed. The compatibility of polyprenols and their derivatives with other drugs should be studied, and new preparations of polyprenyl derivatives, such as hydrogel glue and release-controlled drugs, are suggested for future research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiong Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China; National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China; Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Lixin Huang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China; National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China.
| | - Caihong Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China; National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China
| | - Pujun Xie
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China; National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China
| | - Yaolei Zhang
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China; National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China
| | - Shasha Ding
- Institute of Chemical Industry of Forest Products, CAF, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China; National Engineering Lab. for Biomass Chemical Utilization, Key and Open lab. of Forest Chemical Engineering, SFA, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China; Key Lab. of Biomass Energy and Material, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province 210042, China
| | - Feng Xu
- Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
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14
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Brasher MI, Surmacz L, Leong B, Pitcher J, Swiezewska E, Pichersky E, Akhtar TA. A two-component enzyme complex is required for dolichol biosynthesis in tomato. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2015; 82:903-914. [PMID: 25899081 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Dolichol plays an indispensable role in the N-glycosylation of eukaryotic proteins. As proteins enter the secretory pathway they are decorated by a 'glycan', which is preassembled onto a membrane-anchored dolichol molecule embedded within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Genetic and biochemical evidence in yeast and animals indicate that a cis-prenyltransferase (CPT) is required for dolichol synthesis, but also point to other factor(s) that could be involved. In this study, RNAi-mediated suppression of one member of the tomato CPT family (SlCPT3) resulted in a ~60% decrease in dolichol content. We further show that the involvement of SlCPT3 in dolichol biosynthesis requires the participation of a distantly related partner protein, designated as CPT-binding protein (SlCPTBP), which is a close homolog of the human Nogo-B receptor. Yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation assays demonstrate that SlCPT3 and its partner protein interact in vivo and that both SlCPT3 and SlCPTBP are required to complement the growth defects and dolichol deficiency of the yeast dolichol mutant, rer2∆. Co-expression of SlCPT3 and SlCPTBP in yeast and in E. coli confirmed that dolichol synthase activity strictly requires both proteins. Finally, organelle isolation and in vivo localization of fluorescent protein fusions showed that both SlCPT3 and SlCPTBP localize to the ER, the site of dolichol accumulation and synthesis in eukaryotes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan I Brasher
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Liliana Surmacz
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5A Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Bryan Leong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Jocelyn Pitcher
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - Ewa Swiezewska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, 5A Pawinskiego Street, 02-106, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Eran Pichersky
- Department of Molecular and Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Tariq A Akhtar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
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15
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Wu B, Woodward R, Wen L, Wang X, Zhao G, Wang PG. Synthesis of a Comprehensive Polyprenol Library for Evaluation of Bacterial Enzyme Lipid Substrate Specificity. European J Org Chem 2013; 2013:8162-8173. [PMID: 24511260 DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201301089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Polyprenols, a type of universal glycan lipid carrier, play important roles for glycan bio-assembly in wide variety of living systems. Chemical synthesis of natural polyisoprenols such as undecaprenol and dolichols, but especially their homologs, could serves as a powerful molecular tool to dissect and define the functions of enzymes involved in glycan biosynthesis. In this paper, we report an efficient and reliable method to construct this type of hydrophoic molecule through a base-mediated iterative coupling approach using a key bifunctional (Z, Z)-diisoprenyl building block. The ligation with N-acetyl-D-glactosamine (GalNAc) with a set of the synthesized lipid analogs forming polyprenol pyrophosphate linked GalNAc (GalNAc-PP-lipid) conjugates is also demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Baolin Wu
- The Center for Therapeutics and Diagnostics (CDT), Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA, , Homepage: http://chemistry.gsu.edu/faculty/PWang/
| | - Robert Woodward
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Mount Union, Alliance, OH 44601, USA
| | - Liuqing Wen
- The Center for Therapeutics and Diagnostics (CDT), Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA, , Homepage: http://chemistry.gsu.edu/faculty/PWang/
| | - Xuan Wang
- The Center for Therapeutics and Diagnostics (CDT), Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA, , Homepage: http://chemistry.gsu.edu/faculty/PWang/
| | - Guohui Zhao
- The Center for Therapeutics and Diagnostics (CDT), Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA, , Homepage: http://chemistry.gsu.edu/faculty/PWang/
| | - Peng George Wang
- The Center for Therapeutics and Diagnostics (CDT), Department of Chemistry, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA 30303, USA, , Homepage: http://chemistry.gsu.edu/faculty/PWang/
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16
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Bickford JS, Nick HS. Conservation of the PTEN catalytic motif in the bacterial undecaprenyl pyrophosphate phosphatase, BacA/UppP. MICROBIOLOGY-SGM 2013; 159:2444-2455. [PMID: 24068241 DOI: 10.1099/mic.0.070474-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Isoprenoid lipid carriers are essential in protein glycosylation and bacterial cell envelope biosynthesis. The enzymes involved in their metabolism (synthases, kinases and phosphatases) are therefore critical to cell viability. In this review, we focus on two broad groups of isoprenoid pyrophosphate phosphatases. One group, containing phosphatidic acid phosphatase motifs, includes the eukaryotic dolichyl pyrophosphate phosphatases and proposed recycling bacterial undecaprenol pyrophosphate phosphatases, PgpB, YbjB and YeiU/LpxT. The second group comprises the bacterial undecaprenol pyrophosphate phosphatase, BacA/UppP, responsible for initial formation of undecaprenyl phosphate, which we predict contains a tyrosine phosphate phosphatase motif resembling that of the tumour suppressor, phosphatase and tensin homologue (PTEN). Based on protein sequence alignments across species and 2D structure predictions, we propose catalytic and lipid recognition motifs unique to BacA/UppP enzymes. The verification of our proposed active-site residues would provide new strategies for the development of substrate-specific inhibitors which mimic both the lipid and pyrophosphate moieties, leading to the development of novel antimicrobial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin S Bickford
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Harry S Nick
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
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17
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Pronin AV, Danilov LL, Narovlyansky AN, Sanin AV. Plant polyisoprenoids and control of cholesterol level. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2013; 62:31-9. [PMID: 23995915 PMCID: PMC3898360 DOI: 10.1007/s00005-013-0253-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 08/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The ability of plant polyisoprenoids (polyprenols and polyprenyl phosphates) to diminish the levels of serum cholesterol affecting its biosynthetic pathway are highlighted here. Possible mechanism of such process is discussed. It is also noted that polyisoprenoids can prevent toxic injuries of the liver and restore disturbed hepatic functions. The possibility of polyprenyl phosphates to reveal at the same time anti-inflammatory action suppressing lipoxygenase activity and lowering the levels of proinflammatory cytokines will be illustrated. Attention will be focused on the potential usefulness of plant polyisoprenoids in the course of prevention and treatment of hypercholesterolemia. High efficiency for combined use of polyprenyl phosphate and β-sitosterol, which leads to substantial enhancement of the ability to overcome hypercholesterolemia versus the individual constituents will be demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander V Pronin
- N. F. Gamaleya Research Institute of Epidemiology and Microbiology, Moscow, Russia,
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18
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Akhtar TA, Matsuba Y, Schauvinhold I, Yu G, Lees HA, Klein SE, Pichersky E. The tomato cis-prenyltransferase gene family. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2013; 73:640-52. [PMID: 23134568 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 10/25/2012] [Accepted: 10/29/2012] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
cis-prenyltransferases (CPTs) are predicted to be involved in the synthesis of long-chain polyisoprenoids, all with five or more isoprene (C5) units. Recently, we identified a short-chain CPT, neryl diphosphate synthase (NDPS1), in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum). Here, we searched the tomato genome and identified and characterized its entire CPT gene family, which comprises seven members (SlCPT1-7, with NDPS1 designated as SlCPT1). Six of the SlCPT genes encode proteins with N-terminal targeting sequences, which, when fused to GFP, mediated GFP transport to the plastids of Arabidopsis protoplasts. The SlCPT3-GFP fusion protein was localized to the cytosol. Enzymatic characterization of recombinant SlCPT proteins demonstrated that SlCPT6 produces Z,Z-FPP, and SlCPT2 catalyzes the formation of nerylneryl diphosphate while SlCPT4, SlCPT5 and SlCPT7 synthesize longer-chain products (C25-C55). Although no in vitro activity was demonstrated for SlCPT3, its expression in the Saccharomyces cerevisiae dolichol biosynthesis mutant (rer2) complemented the temperature-sensitive growth defect. Transcripts of SlCPT2, SlCPT4, SlCPT5 and SlCPT7 are present at low levels in multiple tissues, SlCPT6 is exclusively expressed in red fruit and roots, and SlCPT1, SlCPT3 and SlCPT7 are highly expressed in trichomes. RNAi-mediated suppression of NDPS1 led to a large decrease in β-phellandrene (which is produced from neryl diphosphate), with greater reductions achieved with the general 35S promoter compared to the trichome-specific MKS1 promoter. Phylogenetic analysis revealed CPT gene families in both eudicots and monocots, and showed that all the short-chain CPT genes from tomato (SlCPT1, SlCPT2 and SlCPT6) are closely linked to terpene synthase gene clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq A Akhtar
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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19
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Rauthan M, Pilon M. The mevalonate pathway in C. elegans. Lipids Health Dis 2011; 10:243. [PMID: 22204706 PMCID: PMC3274489 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-10-243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2011] [Accepted: 12/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The mevalonate pathway in human is responsible for the synthesis of cholesterol and other important biomolecules such as coenzyme Q, dolichols and isoprenoids. These molecules are required in the cell for functions ranging from signaling to membrane integrity, protein prenylation and glycosylation, and energy homeostasis. The pathway consists of a main trunk followed by sub-branches that synthesize the different biomolecules. The majority of our knowledge about the mevalonate pathway is currently focused on the cholesterol synthesis branch, which is the target of the cholesterol-lowering statins; less is known about the function and regulation of the non-cholesterol-related branches. To study them, we need a biological system where it is possible to specifically modulate these metabolic branches individually or in groups. The nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) is a promising model to study these non-cholesterol branches since its mevalonate pathway seems very well conserved with that in human except that it has no cholesterol synthesis branch. The simple genetic makeup and tractability of C. elegans makes it relatively easy to identify and manipulate key genetic components of the mevalonate pathway, and to evaluate the consequences of tampering with their activity. This general experimental approach should lead to new insights into the physiological roles of the non-cholesterol part of the mevalonate pathway. This review will focus on the current knowledge related to the mevalonate pathway in C. elegans and its possible applications as a model organism to study the non-cholesterol functions of this pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Rauthan
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, S-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
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20
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Cantagrel V, Lefeber DJ. From glycosylation disorders to dolichol biosynthesis defects: a new class of metabolic diseases. J Inherit Metab Dis 2011; 34:859-67. [PMID: 21384228 PMCID: PMC3137772 DOI: 10.1007/s10545-011-9301-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2010] [Revised: 02/08/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Polyisoprenoid alcohols are membrane lipids that are present in every cell, conserved from archaea to higher eukaryotes. The most common form, alpha-saturated polyprenol or dolichol is present in all tissues and most organelle membranes of eukaryotic cells. Dolichol has a well defined role as a lipid carrier for the glycan precursor in the early stages of N-linked protein glycosylation, which is assembled in the endoplasmic reticulum of all eukaryotic cells. Other glycosylation processes including C- and O-mannosylation, GPI-anchor biosynthesis and O-glucosylation also depend on dolichol biosynthesis via the availability of dolichol-P-mannose and dolichol-P-glucose in the ER. The ubiquity of dolichol in cellular compartments that are not involved in glycosylation raises the possibility of additional functions independent of these protein post-translational modifications. The molecular basis of several steps involved in the synthesis and the recycling of dolichol and its derivatives is still unknown, which hampers further research into this direction. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on structural and functional aspects of dolichol metabolites. We will describe the metabolic disorders with a defect in known steps of dolichol biosynthesis and recycling in human and discuss their pathogenic mechanisms. Exploration of the developmental, cellular and biochemical defects associated with these disorders will provide a better understanding of the functions of this lipid class in human.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Cantagrel
- Department of Neurosciences, Institute for Genomic Medicine, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA USA
| | - Dirk J. Lefeber
- Department of Neurology, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Institute for Genetic and Metabolic Disease, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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21
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Polyisoprenoids – Secondary metabolites or physiologically important superlipids? Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 407:627-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.03.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2011] [Accepted: 03/14/2011] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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22
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Misiak M, Koźmiński W, Kwasiborska M, Wójcik J, Ciepichal E, Swiezewska E. Complete (1)H and (13)C signal assignment of prenol-10 with 3D NMR spectroscopy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2009; 47:825-829. [PMID: 19572259 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.2473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The complete assignment of (1)H and (13)C chemical shifts of natural abundance prenol-10 is reported for the first time. It was achieved using 3D NMR experiments, which were based on random sampling of the evolution time space followed by multidimensional Fourier transform. This approach makes it possible to acquire 3D NMR spectra in a reasonable time and preserves high resolution in indirectly detected dimensions. It is shown that the interpretation of 3D COSY-HMBC and 3D TOCSY-HSQC spectra is crucial in the structural analysis of prenol-10.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Misiak
- Chemistry Department, University of Warsaw, Pasteura 1, 02-093 Warsaw, Poland
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23
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Synthesis and application of photoaffinity probe containing an intact isoprenoid chain. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:4824-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.06.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2009] [Revised: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 06/10/2009] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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24
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LI L, TANG W, ZHAO Z. Synthesis and Application of Prenyl-Derived Photoaffinity Probes. CHINESE J CHEM 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/cjoc.200990233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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