1
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Mainali BB, Yoo JJ, Ladd MR. Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine approaches in colorectal surgery. Ann Coloproctol 2024; 40:336-349. [PMID: 39228197 PMCID: PMC11375227 DOI: 10.3393/ac.2024.00437.0062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (TERM) is an emerging field that has provided new therapeutic opportunities by delivering innovative solutions. The development of nontraditional therapies for previously unsolvable diseases and conditions has brought hope and excitement to countless individuals globally. Many regenerative medicine therapies have been developed and delivered to patients clinically. The technology platforms developed in regenerative medicine have been expanded to various medical areas; however, their applications in colorectal surgery remain limited. Applying TERM technologies to engineer biological tissue and organ substitutes may address the current therapeutic challenges and overcome some complications in colorectal surgery, such as inflammatory bowel diseases, short bowel syndrome, and diseases of motility and neuromuscular function. This review provides a comprehensive overview of TERM applications in colorectal surgery, highlighting the current state of the art, including preclinical and clinical studies, current challenges, and future perspectives. This article synthesizes the latest findings, providing a valuable resource for clinicians and researchers aiming to integrate TERM into colorectal surgical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bigyan B Mainali
- Department of General Surgery, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - James J Yoo
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Mitchell R Ladd
- Department of General Surgery, Atrium Health Wake Forest Baptist, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Wake Forest Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
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2
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Dennison NR, Fusenig M, Grönnert L, Maitz MF, Ramirez Martinez MA, Wobus M, Freudenberg U, Bornhäuser M, Friedrichs J, Westenskow PD, Werner C. Precision Culture Scaling to Establish High-Throughput Vasculogenesis Models. Adv Healthc Mater 2024; 13:e2400388. [PMID: 38465502 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.202400388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based 3D cell cultures can recapitulate (patho)physiological phenomena ex vivo. However, due to their complex multifactorial regulation, adapting these tissue and disease models for high-throughput screening workflows remains challenging. In this study, a new precision culture scaling (PCS-X) methodology combines statistical techniques (design of experiment and multiple linear regression) with automated, parallelized experiments and analyses to customize hydrogel-based vasculogenesis cultures using human umbilical vein endothelial cells and retinal microvascular endothelial cells. Variations of cell density, growth factor supplementation, and media composition are systematically explored to induce vasculogenesis in endothelial mono- and cocultures with mesenchymal stromal cells or retinal microvascular pericytes in 384-well plate formats. The developed cultures are shown to respond to vasculogenesis inhibitors in a compound- and dose-dependent manner, demonstrating the scope and power of PCS-X in creating parallelized tissue and disease models for drug discovery and individualized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas R Dennison
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Maximilian Fusenig
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Lisa Grönnert
- Ocular Technologies, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, 4070, Switzerland
| | - Manfred F Maitz
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Manja Wobus
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uwe Freudenberg
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jens Friedrichs
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
| | - Peter D Westenskow
- Ocular Technologies, Immunology, Infectious Diseases and Ophthalmology, Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd., Basel, 4070, Switzerland
| | - Carsten Werner
- Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Max Bergmann Center of Biomaterials, 01069, Dresden, Germany
- Medical Clinic I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden and Cluster of Excellence Physics of Life, Technische Universität Dresden, 01307, Dresden, Germany
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3
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Wein S, Schemmer C, Al Enezy-Ulbrich MA, Jung SA, Rütten S, Kühnel M, Jonigk D, Jahnen-Dechent W, Pich A, Neuss S. Fibrin-Based Hydrogels with Reactive Amphiphilic Copolymers for Mechanical Adjustments Allow for Capillary Formation in 2D and 3D Environments. Gels 2024; 10:182. [PMID: 38534600 DOI: 10.3390/gels10030182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/28/2024] Open
Abstract
This study focuses on enhancing controllable fibrin-based hydrogels for tissue engineering, addressing existing weaknesses. By integrating a novel copolymer, we improved the foundation for cell-based angiogenesis with adaptable structural features. Tissue engineering often faces challenges like waste disposal and nutrient supply beyond the 200 µm diffusion limit. Angiogenesis breaks through this limitation, allowing the construction of larger constructs. Our innovative scaffold combination significantly boosts angiogenesis, resulting in longer branches and more capillary network junctions. The copolymer attached to fibrin fibers enables precise adjustment of hydrogel mechanical dynamic properties for specific applications. Our material proves effective for angiogenesis, even under suppression factors like suramin. In our study, we prepared fibrin-based hydrogels with and without the copolymer PVP12400-co-GMA10mol%. Using a co-culture system of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) and mesenchymal stem cells (MSC), we analyzed angiogenetic behavior on and within the modified hydrogels. Capillary-like structures were reproducibly formed on different surfaces, demonstrating the general feasibility of three-dimensional endothelial cell networks in fibrin-based hydrogels. This highlights the biomaterial's suitability for in vitro pre-vascularization of biohybrid implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svenja Wein
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Carina Schemmer
- Chair for Laser Technology LLT, RWTH Aachen University, Steinbachstraße 15, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Miriam Aischa Al Enezy-Ulbrich
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Shannon Anna Jung
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Stephan Rütten
- Electron Microscopic Facility, University Clinics, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mark Kühnel
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Danny Jonigk
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Wilhelm Jahnen-Dechent
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Andrij Pich
- Functional and Interactive Polymers, Institute of Technical and Macromolecular Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Worringerweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- DWI-Leibniz Institute for Interactive Materials, RWTH Aachen University, Forckenbeckstraße 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sabine Neuss
- Helmholtz Institute for Biomedical Engineering, BioInterface Group, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 20, 52074 Aachen, Germany
- Institute of Pathology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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Fischer M, Bortel E, Schoon J, Behnke E, Hesse B, Weitkamp T, Bekeschus S, Pichler M, Wassilew GI, Schulze F. Cold physical plasma treatment optimization for improved bone allograft processing. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2023; 11:1264409. [PMID: 38026873 PMCID: PMC10661279 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2023.1264409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
In musculoskeletal surgery, the treatment of large bone defects is challenging and can require the use of bone graft substitutes to restore mechanical stability and promote host-mediated regeneration. The use of bone allografts is well-established in many bone regenerative procedures, but is associated with low rates of ingrowth due to pre-therapeutic graft processing. Cold physical plasma (CPP), a partially ionized gas that simultaneously generates reactive oxygen (O2) and nitrogen (N2) species, is suggested to be advantageous in biomedical implant processing. CPP is a promising tool in allograft processing for improving surface characteristics of bone allografts towards enhanced cellularization and osteoconduction. However, a preclinical assessment regarding the feasibility of pre-therapeutic processing of allogeneic bone grafts with CPP has not yet been performed. Thus, this pilot study aimed to analyze the bone morphology of CPP processed allografts using synchrotron radiation-based microcomputed tomography (SR-µCT) and to analyze the effects of CPP processing on human bone cell viability and function. The analyzes, including co-registration of pre- and post-treatment SR-µCT scans, revealed that the main bone morphological properties (total volume, mineralized volume, surface area, and porosity) remained unaffected by CPP treatment if compared to allografts not treated with CPP. Varying effects on cellular metabolic activity and alkaline phosphatase activity were found in response to different gas mixtures and treatment durations employed for CPP application. It was found that 3 min CPP treatment using a He + 0.1% N2 gas mixture led to the most favourable outcome regarding a significant increase in bone cell viability and alkaline phosphatase activity. This study highlights the promising potential of pre-therapeuthic bone allograft processing by CPP prior to intraoperative application and emphasizes the need for gas source and treatment time optimization for specific applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maximilian Fischer
- Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | | | - Janosch Schoon
- Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Einar Behnke
- Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Bernhard Hesse
- Xploraytion GmbH, Berlin, Germany
- ESRF: European Synchrotron Radiation Facility, Grenoble, France
| | | | - Sander Bekeschus
- ZIK Plasmatis, Leibniz Institute for Plasma Science and Technology (INP), Greifswald, Germany
| | - Monika Pichler
- Cells + Tissuebank Austria Gemeinnützige GmbH, Krems an der Donau, Austria
| | - Georgi I. Wassilew
- Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Frank Schulze
- Center for Orthopaedics, Trauma Surgery and Rehabilitation Medicine, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
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5
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Raj R, Dixit AR. Direct Ink Writing of Carbon-Doped Polymeric Composite Ink: A Review on Its Requirements and Applications. 3D PRINTING AND ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING 2023; 10:828-854. [PMID: 37609584 PMCID: PMC10440670 DOI: 10.1089/3dp.2021.0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
Direct Ink Writing (DIW) opens new possibilities in three-dimensional (3D) printing of carbon-based polymeric ink. This is due to its ability in design flexibility, structural complexity, and environmental sustainability. This area requires exhaustive study because of its wide application in different manufacturing sectors. The present article is related to the variant emerging 3D printing techniques and DIW of carbonaceous materials. Carbon-based materials, extensively used for various applications in 3D printing, possess impressive chemical stability, strength, and flexible nanostructure. Fine printable inks consist predominantly of uniform solutions of carbon materials, such as graphene, graphene oxide (GO), carbon fibers (CFs), carbon nanotubes (CNTs), and solvents. It also contains compatible polymers and suitable additives. This review article elaborately discusses the fundamental requirements of DIW in structuring carbon-doped polymeric inks viz. ink formulation, required ink rheology, extrusion parameters, print fidelity prediction, layer bonding examination, substrate selection, and curing method to achieve fine functional composites. A detailed description of its application in the fields of electronics, medical, and mechanical segments have also been focused in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratnesh Raj
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, India
| | - Amit Rai Dixit
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, India
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Tian Y, Hu M, Liu X, Wang X, Lu D, Li Z, Liu Y, Zhang P, Zhou Y. ZIM1 Combined with Hydrogel Inhibits Senescence of Primary PαS Cells during In Vitro Expansion. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119766. [PMID: 37298717 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/03/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow stem cells (BMSCs) are a promising source of seed cells in bone tissue engineering, which needs a great quantity of cells. Cell senescence occurs as they are passaged, which could affect the therapeutic effects of cells. Therefore, this study aims to explore the transcriptomic differences among the uncultured and passaged cells, finding a practical target gene for anti-aging. We sorted PαS (PDGFR-α+SCA-1+CD45-TER119-) cells as BMSCs by flow cytometry analysis. The changes in cellular senescence phenotype (Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay, reactive oxygen species (ROS) test, senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-Gal) activity staining, expression of aging-related genes, telomere-related changes and in vivo differentiation potential) and associated transcriptional alterations during three important cell culture processes (in vivo, first adherence in vitro, first passage, and serial passage in vitro) were studied. Overexpression plasmids of potential target genes were made and examed. Gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) was applied to explore the anti-aging effects combined with the target gene. Aging-related genes and ROS levels increased, telomerase activity and average telomere length decreased, and SA-β-Gal activities increased as cells were passaged. RNA-seq offered that imprinted zinc-finger gene 1 (Zim1) played a critical role in anti-aging during cell culture. Further, Zim1 combined with GelMA reduced the expression of P16/P53 and ROS levels with doubled telomerase activities. Few SA-β-Gal positive cells were found in the above state. These effects are achieved at least by the activation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling through the regulation of Wnt2. The combined application of Zim1 and hydrogel could inhibit the senescence of BMSCs during in vitro expansion, which may benefit clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Tian
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Menglong Hu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xuenan Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dazhuang Lu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Zheng Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yunsong Liu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Ping Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Center for Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun South Avenue, Haidian District, Beijing 100081, China
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Ozel C, Apaydin E, Sariboyaci AE, Tamayol A, Avci H. A multifunctional sateen woven dressings for treatment of skin injuries. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2023; 224:113197. [PMID: 36822118 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2023.113197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous wounds with impaired healing such as diabetic ulcers and burns constitute major and rapidly growing threat to healthcare systems worldwide. Accelerating wound healing requires the delivery of biological factors that induce angiogenesis, support cellular proliferation, and modulate inflammation while minimizing infection. In this study, we engineered a dressing made by weaving of composite fibers (CFs) carrying mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and a model antibiotic using a scalable sateen textile technique. In this regard, two different sets of CFs carrying MSCs or an antimicrobial agent were used to generate a multifunctional dressing. According to cell viability and metabolic activity as CCK-8 and live/dead with qRT-PCR results, more than %90 the encapsulated MSCs remain viable for 28 days and their expression levels of the wound repair factors including ECM remodeling, angiogenesis and immunomodulatory maintained in MSCs post dressing manufacturing for 14 days. Post 10 days culture of the dressing, MSCs within CFs had 10-fold higher collagen synthesis (p < 0.0001) determined by hydroxyproline assay which indicates the enhanced healing properties. According to in vitro antimicrobial activity results determined by disk diffusion and broth microdilution tests, the first day and the total amount of release gentamicin loaded dressing samples during the 28 days were higher than determined minimal inhibition concentration (MIC) values for S. aureus and K. pneumonia without negatively impacting the viability and functionality of encapsulated MSCs within the dressing. The dressing is also flexible and can conform to skin curvatures making the dressing suitable for the treatment of different skin injuries such as burns and diabetic ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ceren Ozel
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey; Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey
| | - Elif Apaydin
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey; Department of Biochemistry, Institute of Health Sciences, Anadolu University, Eskişehir 26470, Turkey
| | - Ayla Eker Sariboyaci
- Department of Stem Cell, Institute of Health Sciences, Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey; Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey
| | - Ali Tamayol
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06269, USA.
| | - Huseyin Avci
- Cellular Therapy and Stem Cell Production Application and Research Center (ESTEM), Eskisehir Osmangazi University, Eskisehir 26040, Turkey; Department of Metallurgical and Materials Engineering, Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir 26040, Turkey; Translational Medicine Research and Clinical Center (TATUM), Eskişehir Osmangazi University, Eskişehir 26040, Turkey.
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8
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The Efficiency of the Natural Collagen Coating in the Treatment of Extensive Chronic Defects of the Skin and Surrounding Tissues in Dogs. FOLIA VETERINARIA 2022. [DOI: 10.2478/fv-2022-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
The occurrence of extensive non-healing and chronic skin defects with loss of tissue substance in companion animals are a frequently solved problem. The management of the therapy of large-area defects and absent tissues is a challenge for setting up successful therapeutic management and achieving wound closure, satisfactory cosmetic effect, and restoration of the functionality of the damaged area. In veterinary medicine, we often encounter the failure of wound therapy methods commonly used in closing defects, as a result of which the defect closure time is prolonged. The longer the time required to close the defect, the greater the risk of microbial infection and complications associated with healing in the case of extensive damage to the surrounding soft tissues. Direct influence of the individual phases of healing with supportive alternative therapy appears to be a very suitable solution for the treatment of chronic wounds. To overcome the shortcomings related to partially efficient conventional wound dressings, efforts are oriented toward developing new and effective platforms for wound healing applications. Five patients referred to the Small Animal Clinic of the University Veterinary Hospital were included in this clinical study.
Patients were referred to the clinic with extensive long-term non-healing wounds, necrosis and secernation, or ongoing infection, with loss of tissue substance, which showed signs of chronicity. After assessing the patient’s state of health and subsequent cleaning of the wound bed from contaminants and damaged tissues, collagen sponge Suprasorb® C was applied to the surface of the cleaned wound bed. The average time for the complete closure of the defect was 24.6 days since the introduction of the primary treatment. In all patients, we observed the complete closure of the defect, restoration of functionality of the damaged tissues, and achievement of a cosmetic effect without complications in the recovery process, which points to the excellent effectiveness of the collagen covering in the wound healing process.
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9
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Li Z, Bratlie KM. Effect of RGD functionalization and stiffness of gellan gum hydrogels on macrophage polarization and function. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2021; 128:112303. [PMID: 34474854 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2021.112303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Macrophages, the primary effector cells in the immune response, respond rapidly to the physical or chemical properties of biomaterial implants. Balanced macrophage polarization, phagocytosis, and migration would be beneficial for implant success and tissue regeneration. Here, we investigated macrophage phenotypic changes, phagocytosis, and migration in response to RGD functionalized surfaces and changes in stiffness of gellan gum hydrogels. We also inhibited the RhoA pathway. The compressive moduli ranged from ~5 to 30 kPa. Cell population and cell spreading area of classically activated macrophages (M(LPS)) and alternatively activated macrophages (M(IL-4)) are promoted on RGD modified hydrogel. ROCK inhibitor induced the opposite effect on the cell spreading of both M(LPS) and M(IL-4) macrophages on RGD modified hydrogels. Macrophage polarization was found to be stiffness-driven and regulated by the RGD motif and blocked by the RhoA pathway. RGD functionalized hydrogel shifted M(IL-4) cells toward a more pro-inflammatory phenotype, while ROCK inhibition shifted M(LPS) cells to a more anti-inflammatory phenotype. Both M(LPS) and M(IL-4) cells on untreated hydrogels shifted to a more pro-inflammatory phenotype in the presence of aminated-PS particles. The RGD motif had a significant impact on cellular uptake, whereas cellular uptake was stiffness driven on untreated hydrogels. Cell migration of M(LPS) and M(IL-4) cells had ROCK-dependent migration. The stiffness of gellan gum hydrogels had no influence on macrophage migration rate. Collectively, our results showed that gellan gum hydrogels can be used to direct immune response, macrophage infiltration, and phagocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhuqing Li
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA
| | - Kaitlin M Bratlie
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA; Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Maureira M, Cuadra F, Cádiz M, Torres M, Marttens AV, Covarrubias C. Preparation and osteogenic properties of nanocomposite hydrogel beads loaded with nanometric bioactive glass particles. Biomed Mater 2021; 16. [PMID: 34077913 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ac0764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Bone reconstruction in the oral and maxillofacial region presents particular challenges related to the development of biomaterials with osteoinductive properties and suitable physical characteristics for their surgical use in irregular bony defects. In this work, the preparation and bioactivity of chitosan-gelatin (ChG) hydrogel beads loaded with either bioactive glass nanoparticles (nBG) or mesoporous bioactive glass nanospheres (nMBG) were studied.In vitrotesting of the bionanocomposite beads was carried out in simulated body fluid, and through viability and osteogenic differentiation assays using dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs).In vivobone regenerative properties of the biomaterials were assessed using a rat femoral defect model and compared with a traditional maxillary allograft (Puros®). ChG hydrogel beads containing homogeneously distributed BG nanoparticles promoted rapid bone-like apatite mineralization and induced the osteogenic differentiation of DPSCsin vitro. The bionanocomposite beads loaded with either nBG or nMBG also produced a greater bone tissue formationin vivoas compared to Puros® after 8 weeks of implantation. The osteoinductivity capacity of the bionanocomposite hydrogel beads coupled with their physical properties make them promissory for the reconstruction of irregular and less accessible maxillary bone defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Maureira
- Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Felipe Cuadra
- Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Monserrat Cádiz
- Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Margarita Torres
- Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
| | - Alfredo von Marttens
- Department of Prosthesis, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Cristian Covarrubias
- Laboratory of Nanobiomaterials, Research Institute of Dental Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Independencia, Santiago, Chile
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11
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The development of natural polymer scaffold-based therapeutics for osteochondral repair. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 48:1433-1445. [PMID: 32794551 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Due to the limited regenerative capacity of cartilage, untreated joint defects can advance to more extensive degenerative conditions such as osteoarthritis. While some biomaterial-based tissue-engineered scaffolds have shown promise in treating such defects, no scaffold has been widely accepted by clinicians to date. Multi-layered natural polymer scaffolds that mimic native osteochondral tissue and facilitate the regeneration of both articular cartilage (AC) and subchondral bone (SCB) in spatially distinct regions have recently entered clinical use, while the transient localized delivery of growth factors and even therapeutic genes has also been proposed to better regulate and promote new tissue formation. Furthermore, new manufacturing methods such as 3D bioprinting have made it possible to precisely tailor scaffold micro-architectures and/or to control the spatial deposition of cells in requisite layers of an implant. In this way, natural and synthetic polymers can be combined to yield bioactive, yet mechanically robust, cell-laden scaffolds suitable for the osteochondral environment. This mini-review discusses recent advances in scaffolds for osteochondral repair, with particular focus on the role of natural polymers in providing regenerative templates for treatment of both AC and SCB in articular joint defects.
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12
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Aavani F, Biazar E, Heshmatipour Z, Arabameri N, Kamalvand M, Nazbar A. Applications of bacteria and their derived biomaterials for repair and tissue regeneration. Regen Med 2021; 16:581-605. [PMID: 34030458 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2020-0116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Microorganisms such as bacteria and their derived biopolymers can be used in biomaterials and tissue regeneration. Various methods have been applied to regenerate damaged tissues, but using probiotics and biomaterials derived from bacteria with improved economic-production efficiency and highly applicable properties can be a new solution in tissue regeneration. Bacteria can synthesize numerous types of biopolymers. These biopolymers possess many desirable properties such as biocompatibility and biodegradability, making them good candidates for tissue regeneration. Here, we reviewed different types of bacterial-derived biopolymers and highlight their applications for tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Aavani
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Amirkabir University of Technology (Tehran Polytechnic), 15916-34311 Tehran, Iran
| | - Esmaeil Biazar
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tissue Engineering Group, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, 46841-61167 Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Zoheir Heshmatipour
- Department of Microbiology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, 46841-61167 Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Nasibeh Arabameri
- Department of Microbiology, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, 46841-61167 Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Mahshad Kamalvand
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tissue Engineering Group, Tonekabon Branch, Islamic Azad University, 46841-61167 Tonekabon, Iran
| | - Abolfazl Nazbar
- National Cell Bank, Pasteur Institute of Iran, 13169-43551 Tehran, Iran
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Lee H, Marin-Araujo AE, Aoki FG, Haykal S, Waddell TK, Amon CH, Romero DA, Karoubi G. Computational fluid dynamics for enhanced tracheal bioreactor design and long-segment graft recellularization. Sci Rep 2021; 11:1187. [PMID: 33441927 PMCID: PMC7807076 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-80841-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Successful re-epithelialization of de-epithelialized tracheal scaffolds remains a challenge for tracheal graft success. Currently, the lack of understanding of the bioreactor hydrodynamic environment, and its relation to cell seeding outcomes, serve as major obstacles to obtaining viable tracheal grafts. In this work, we used computational fluid dynamics to (a) re-design the fluid delivery system of a trachea bioreactor to promote a spatially uniform hydrodynamic environment, and (b) improve the perfusion cell seeding protocol to promote homogeneous cell deposition. Lagrangian particle-tracking simulations showed that low rates of rotation provide more uniform circumferential and longitudinal patterns of cell deposition, while higher rates of rotation only improve circumferential uniformity but bias cell deposition proximally. Validation experiments with human bronchial epithelial cells confirm that the model accurately predicts cell deposition in low shear stress environments. We used the acquired knowledge from our particle tracking model, as a guide for long-term tracheal repopulation studies. Cell repopulation using conditions resulting in low wall shear stress enabled enhanced re-epithelialization of long segment tracheal grafts. While our work focuses on tracheal regeneration, lessons learned in this study, can be applied to culturing of any tissue engineered tubular scaffold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hankyu Lee
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
| | - Alba E Marin-Araujo
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Latner Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Fabio G Aoki
- Latner Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Institute of Science and Technology, Federal University of Sao Paulo, R. Talim, 330, Sao Jose dos Campos, SP, 12231-280, Brazil
| | - Siba Haykal
- Latner Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
- Division of Plastic & Reconstructive Surgery, University Health Network, University of Toronto, 200 Elizabeth Street, Toronto, ON, M5G2C4, Canada
| | - Thomas K Waddell
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
- Latner Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada
| | - Cristina H Amon
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada
- Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - David A Romero
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada.
| | - Golnaz Karoubi
- Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering, University of Toronto, 5 King's College Road, Toronto, ON, M5S 3G8, Canada.
- Latner Research Laboratories, Division of Thoracic Surgery, University Health Network, 101 College Street, Toronto, ON, M5G 1L7, Canada.
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14
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Osteoblastic exosomes. A non-destructive quantitative approach of alkaline phosphatase to assess osteoconductive nanomaterials. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2020; 115:110931. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2020.110931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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15
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Ghosh B, Mandal M, Mitra P, Chatterjee J. Structural mechanics modeling reveals stress-adaptive features of cutaneous scars. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2020; 20:371-377. [PMID: 32920729 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-020-01384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The scar is a predominant outcome of adult mammalian wound healing despite being associated with partial function loss. Here in this paper, we have described the structure of a full-thickness normal scar as a "di-fork" with dual biomechanical compartments using in vivo and ex vivo experiments. We used structural mechanics simulations to model the deformation fields computationally and stress distribution in the scar in response to external forces. Despite its loss of tissue components, we have found that the scar has stress-adaptive features that cushion the underlying tissues from external mechanical impacts. Thus, this new finding can motivate research to understand the biomechanical advantages of a scar in maintaining the primary function of the skin, i.e., mechanical barrier despite permanent loss of some tissues and specialized functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biswajoy Ghosh
- School of Medical Science and Technology, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India.
| | - Mousumi Mandal
- School of Medical Science and Technology, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
| | - Pabitra Mitra
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, IIT Kharagpur, Kharagpur, India
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Dikici S, Claeyssens F, MacNeil S. Pre-Seeding of Simple Electrospun Scaffolds with a Combination of Endothelial Cells and Fibroblasts Strongly Promotes Angiogenesis. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 17:445-458. [PMID: 32447555 PMCID: PMC7392995 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-020-00263-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2019] [Revised: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Introduction of pro-angiogenic cells into tissue-engineered (TE) constructs (prevascularisation) is a promising approach to overcome delayed neovascularisation of such constructs post-implantation. Accordingly, in this study, we examined the contribution of human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) and human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) alone and in combination on the formation of new blood vessels in ex-ovo chick chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay. METHODS Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate (PHBV) and polycaprolactone (PCL) were first examined in terms of their physical, mechanical, and biological performances. The effect of gelatin coating and co-culture conditions on enhancing endothelial cell viability and growth was then investigated. Finally, the angiogenic potential of HDMECs and HDFs were assessed macroscopically and histologically after seeding on simple electrospun PHBV scaffolds either in isolation or in indirect co-culture using an ex-ovo CAM assay. RESULTS The results demonstrated that PHBV was slightly more favourable than PCL for HDMECs in terms of cell metabolic activity. The gelatin coating of PHBV scaffolds and co-culture of HDMECs with HDFs both showed a positive impact on HDMECs viability and growth. Both cell types induced angiogenesis over 7 days in the CAM assay either in isolation or in co-culture. The introduction of HDMECs to the scaffolds resulted in the production of more blood vessels in the area of implantation than the introduction of HDFs, but the co-culture of HDMECs and HDFs gave the most significant angiogenic activity. CONCLUSION Our findings showed that the in vitro prevascularisation of TE constructs with HDMECs and HDFs alone or in co-culture promotes angiogenesis in implantable TE constructs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Serkan Dikici
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, North Campus Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Frederik Claeyssens
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, North Campus Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK
| | - Sheila MacNeil
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Kroto Research Institute, University of Sheffield, North Campus Broad Lane, Sheffield, S3 7HQ, UK.
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GelMA combined with sustained release of HUVECs derived exosomes for promoting cutaneous wound healing and facilitating skin regeneration. J Mol Histol 2020; 51:251-263. [PMID: 32388839 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-020-09877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
It remains a clinical challenge for cutaneous wound healing and skin regeneration. Endothelial cells participate in the formation of blood vessels and play an important role in the whole process of wound healing. Recent studies suggested that exosomes contribute to the intercellular communication through paracrine pathways, and sustained release of exosomes from hydrogel-based materials provide a promising strategy for curing wound defects. In this study, we isolated exosomes derived from human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and found that HUVECs derived exosomes (HUVECs-Exos) could promote the proliferation and migration activities of keratinocytes and fibroblasts, which are two important effector cells for skin regeneration. Then we developed gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) hydrogel as the wound dressing to incorporate HUVECs-Exos and applied it to the full-thickness cutaneous wounds. It demonstrated that GelMA scaffold could not only repair the wound defect, but also achieve sustained release of exosomes. The in vivo results showed accelerated re-epithelialization, promotion of collagen maturity and improvement of angiogenesis. Collectively, our findings suggested that HUVECs-Exos could accelerate wound healing and GelMA mediated controlled release of HUVECs-Exos might offer a new method for repairing cutaneous wound defects.
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18
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Li W, Huang L, Zhang J, Lin B, Huang Z, Li Y. PLLA/POSS Nanofibers Loaded with Multitargeted pANG Composite Nanoparticles for Promotion of Vascularization in Shear Flow. Macromol Biosci 2019; 20:e1900204. [PMID: 31800174 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201900204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
In vitro prevascularization is particularly important for the clinical application of tissue engineering scaffolds that require vascularization. The principal challenge is simulating the dynamic in vivo environment to promote the continuous growth of blood vessels. In this study, two targeting polypeptides are linked to the two ends of an amphiphilic block copolymer, polyethyleneimine-b-poly(lactide-co-3(S)-methyl-morpholine-2,5-dione)-b-polyethyleneimine (PEI-PLMD-PEI), and self-assembled to form positively charged nanoparticles (NPs), which can bind to negatively charged pANG through electrostatic interactions; the polypeptides are finally loaded into PLLA/polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (POSS) porous fibers to prepare untargeted nanofibers (unTFs), targeted porous nanofibers (TFBs), and targeted nanofiber bundles. The effects of the porous nanofibers on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (HUVEC) transfection, spreading, proliferation, morphology, and expression of related factors are investigated under the action of shear flow force. The results show that the PLLA/POSS nanofibers can maintain stable release of multitargeted NPs for nearly 45 days. Both the dual-targeted porous NPs and shear flow improve the pANG transfection efficiency and promote cell proliferation, and they have a good synergistic effect. These results provide a potential strategy for designing HUVEC-specific gene carriers and using shear flow to enhance endothelialization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqiang Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Sports Assistive Devices, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Lin Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Sports Assistive Devices, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Jiehong Zhang
- Rehabilitation Section, Na'Ao Peopole's Hospital, ShenZhen, 518121, China
| | - Beiman Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Sports Assistive Devices, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhiguan Huang
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Sports Assistive Devices, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Yuhe Li
- Guangdong Provincial Engineering Technology Research Center for Sports Assistive Devices, Guangzhou Sport University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
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Pinheiro CCG, Leyendecker Junior A, Tanikawa DYS, Ferreira JRM, Jarrahy R, Bueno DF. Is There a Noninvasive Source of MSCs Isolated with GMP Methods with Better Osteogenic Potential? Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:7951696. [PMID: 31781247 PMCID: PMC6875366 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7951696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2019] [Revised: 08/11/2019] [Accepted: 09/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A new trend in the treatment for alveolar clefts in patients with cleft lip and palate involves the use of bone tissue engineering strategies to reduce or eliminate the morbidity associated with autologous bone grafting. The use of mesenchymal stem cells-autologous cells obtained from tissues such as bone marrow and fat-combined with various biomaterials has been proposed as a viable option for use in cleft patients. However, invasive procedures are necessary to obtain the mesenchymal stem cells from these two sources. To eliminate donor site morbidity, noninvasive stem cell sources such as the umbilical cord, orbicularis oris muscle, and deciduous dental pulp have been studied for use in alveolar cleft bone tissue engineering. In this study, we evaluate the osteogenic potential of these various stem cell types. METHODS Ten cellular strains obtained from each different source (umbilical cord, orbicularis oris muscle, or deciduous dental pulp) were induced to osteogenic differentiation in vitro, and the bone matrix deposition of each primary culture was quantified. To evaluate whether greater osteogenic potential of the established mesenchymal stem cell strains was associated with an increase in the expression profile of neural crest genes, real-time qPCR was performed on the following genes: SRY-box 9, SRY-box 10, nerve growth factor receptor, transcription factor AP-2 alpha, and paired box 3. RESULTS The mesenchymal stem cells obtained from deciduous dental pulp and orbicularis oris muscle demonstrated increased osteogenic potential with significantly more extracellular bone matrix deposition when compared to primary cultures obtained from the umbilical cord after twenty-one days in culture (p = 0.007 and p = 0.005, respectively). The paired box 3 gene was more highly expressed in the MSCs obtained from deciduous dental pulp and orbicularis oris muscle than in those obtained from the umbilical cord. CONCLUSION These results suggest that deciduous dental pulp and orbicularis oris muscle stem cells demonstrate superior osteogenic differentiation potential relative to umbilical cord-derived stem cells and that this increased potential is related to their neural crest origins. Based on these observations, and the distinct translational advantage of incorporating stem cells from noninvasive tissue sources into tissue engineering protocols, greater study of these specific cell lines in the setting of alveolar cleft repair is indicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla C. G. Pinheiro
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês-Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo, SP 01308-050, Brazil
| | | | | | - José Ricardo Muniz Ferreira
- Instituto Militar de Engenharia (IME), Departamento de Ciências de Materiais, Programa de Pós Graduação em Ciências de Materiais, Rio de Janeiro, RJ 22290-270, Brazil
| | - Reza Jarrahy
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of California Los Angeles (UCLA), Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Daniela F. Bueno
- Hospital Sírio-Libanês-Instituto de Ensino e Pesquisa, São Paulo, SP 01308-050, Brazil
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20
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Physical and mechanical properties of RAFT-stabilised collagen gels for tissue engineering applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2019; 99:216-224. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2019.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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21
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Fotticchia A, Musson D, Lenardi C, Demirci E, Liu Y. Anisotropic cytocompatible electrospun scaffold for tendon tissue engineering elicits limited inflammatory response in vitro. J Biomater Appl 2019; 33:127-139. [PMID: 29987990 DOI: 10.1177/0885328218779846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Tendon tears are a relevant concern for today's national health systems because of their social impact and high recurrence rate. The current gold standard for fixing tendon tears is surgical repair; however, this strategy is not able to fully re-establish tendon integrity and functionality. Tissue engineering approaches aim at promoting tissue regeneration by delivering the opportune signals to the injured site combining biomaterials, cells and biochemical cues. Electrospinning is currently one of the most versatile polymer processing techniques that allows manufacturing of nano- and micro-fibres substrates. Such fibrous morphology is deemed to be an ideal substrate to convey topographical cues to cells. Here we evaluated the potential of polycaprolactone processed by means of electrospinning technology for tendon tissue engineering. Fibrous free-of-defects substrate with random and aligned fibres were successfully fabricated. Rat tenocytes were used to assess the cytocompatibility of the substrates for application as tendon tissue engineered devices. Tenocytes were able to proliferate and adapt to the substrates topography acquiring an elongated morphology, which is the precondition for oriented collagen deposition, when seeded on aligned fibres. Real time Polymerase Chain Reaction (Rt-PCR) also revealed the overall maintenance of tenocyte phenotype over 7 days culture. To verify suitability for in vivo implantation, the level of inflammatory cytokine genes expressed by THP-1 cells cultured in presence of electrospun polycaprolactone substrates was evaluated. Inflammatory response was limited. The novel preliminary in vitro work presented herein showing tenocytes compatibility and limited inflammatory cytokines synthesis suggests that electrospun polycaprolactone may be taken into consideration as substrate for tendon healing applications.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David Musson
- 2 Department of Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Cristina Lenardi
- 3 Dipartimento di Fisica, Universita degli Studi di Milano, Milano, Italy
| | - Emrah Demirci
- 4 Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Yang Liu
- 4 Wolfson School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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22
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Bortolomai I, Sandri M, Draghici E, Fontana E, Campodoni E, Marcovecchio GE, Ferrua F, Perani L, Spinelli A, Canu T, Catucci M, Di Tomaso T, Sergi Sergi L, Esposito A, Lombardo A, Naldini L, Tampieri A, Hollander GA, Villa A, Bosticardo M. Gene Modification and Three-Dimensional Scaffolds as Novel Tools to Allow the Use of Postnatal Thymic Epithelial Cells for Thymus Regeneration Approaches. Stem Cells Transl Med 2019; 8:1107-1122. [PMID: 31140762 PMCID: PMC6766605 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.18-0218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective functionality of thymic epithelial cells (TECs), due to genetic mutations or injuring causes, results in altered T-cell development, leading to immunodeficiency or autoimmunity. These defects cannot be corrected by hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT), and thymus transplantation has not yet been demonstrated to be fully curative. Here, we provide proof of principle of a novel approach toward thymic regeneration, involving the generation of thymic organoids obtained by seeding gene-modified postnatal murine TECs into three-dimensional (3D) collagen type I scaffolds mimicking the thymic ultrastructure. To this end, freshly isolated TECs were transduced with a lentiviral vector system, allowing for doxycycline-induced Oct4 expression. Transient Oct4 expression promoted TECs expansion without drastically changing the cell lineage identity of adult TECs, which retain the expression of important molecules for thymus functionality such as Foxn1, Dll4, Dll1, and AIRE. Oct4-expressing TECs (iOCT4 TEC) were able to grow into 3D collagen type I scaffolds both in vitro and in vivo, demonstrating that the collagen structure reproduced a 3D environment similar to the thymic extracellular matrix, perfectly recognized by TECs. In vivo results showed that thymic organoids transplanted subcutaneously in athymic nude mice were vascularized but failed to support thymopoiesis because of their limited in vivo persistence. These findings provide evidence that gene modification, in combination with the usage of 3D biomimetic scaffolds, may represent a novel approach allowing the use of postnatal TECs for thymic regeneration. Stem Cells Translational Medicine 2019;8:1107-1122.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ileana Bortolomai
- Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐Tiget), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells, and Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- UOS MilanoIRGB CNRMilanItaly
| | - Monica Sandri
- Laboratory of Bioceramics and Bio‐Hybrid CompositesInstitute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR)FaenzaItaly
| | - Elena Draghici
- Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐Tiget), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells, and Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Elena Fontana
- UOS MilanoIRGB CNRMilanItaly
- Humanitas Clinical and Research CenterRozzanoMilanItaly
| | - Elisabetta Campodoni
- Laboratory of Bioceramics and Bio‐Hybrid CompositesInstitute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR)FaenzaItaly
| | - Genni Enza Marcovecchio
- Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐Tiget), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells, and Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Francesca Ferrua
- Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐Tiget), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells, and Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Paediatric Immunohematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation UnitIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Laura Perani
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Experimental Imaging CenterIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Antonello Spinelli
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Experimental Imaging CenterIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Tamara Canu
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Experimental Imaging CenterIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Marco Catucci
- Paediatric Immunology, Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
| | - Tiziano Di Tomaso
- Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐Tiget), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells, and Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Lucia Sergi Sergi
- Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐Tiget), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells, and Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Antonio Esposito
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
- Preclinical Imaging Facility, Experimental Imaging CenterIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
| | - Angelo Lombardo
- Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐Tiget), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells, and Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Luigi Naldini
- Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐Tiget), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells, and Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- Vita‐Salute San Raffaele UniversityMilanItaly
| | - Anna Tampieri
- Laboratory of Bioceramics and Bio‐Hybrid CompositesInstitute of Science and Technology for Ceramics (ISTEC), National Research Council (CNR)FaenzaItaly
| | - Georg A. Hollander
- Paediatric Immunology, Department of BiomedicineUniversity of BaselBaselSwitzerland
- Developmental Immunology, Weatherall Institute of Molecular MedicineUniversity of OxfordOxfordUnited Kingdom
| | - Anna Villa
- Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐Tiget), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells, and Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
- UOS MilanoIRGB CNRMilanItaly
| | - Marita Bosticardo
- Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR‐Tiget), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells, and Gene TherapyIRCCS San Raffaele Scientific InstituteMilanItaly
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23
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Yang Y, Zhou J, Chen Q, Detsch R, Cui X, Jin G, Virtanen S, Boccaccini AR. In Vitro Osteocompatibility and Enhanced Biocorrosion Resistance of Diammonium Hydrogen Phosphate-Pretreated/Poly(ether imide) Coatings on Magnesium for Orthopedic Application. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:29667-29680. [PMID: 31335111 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b11073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Magnesium, as a biodegradable metal, is a promising candidate for biomedical applications. To modify the degradation behavior of magnesium and improve its osteocompatibility, chemical conversion and spin coating methods were combined to develop a diammonium hydrogen phosphate-pretreated/poly(ether imide) (DAHP/PEI) co-coating system. The diammonium hydrogen phosphate pretreatment was employed to enhance the attachment between PEI coatings and the magnesium substrate; meanwhile, it could serve as another bioactive and anticorrosion layer when PEI coatings break down. Surface characterization, electrochemical tests, and short-term immersion tests in DMEM were performed to evaluate DAHP/PEI coatings. Electrochemical measurements showed that DAHP/PEI coatings significantly improved the corrosion resistance of pure magnesium. No obvious changes of the chemical compositions of DAHP/PEI coatings occurred after 72 h of immersion in DMEM. An in vitro cytocompatibility study confirmed that viability and LDH activity of human osteoblast-like cells on DAHP/PEI coatings showed higher values than those on the DAHP-pretreated layer and pure magnesium. The DAHP-pretreated layer could still enhance the ALP activity of MG-63 cells after the degradation of PEI in DAHP/PEI coatings. Besides that, the in vitro cellular response to the treated magnesium was investigated to gain knowledge on the differentiation and proliferation of human adipose-derived stem cells (hADSCs). Cell distribution and morphology were observed by fluorescence and SEM images, which demonstrated that DAHP/PEI coatings facilitated cell differentiation and proliferation. The high level of C-terminals of collagen type I production of hADSCs on DAHP/PEI coatings indicated the potential of the coating for promoting osteogenic differentiation. Positive results from long-term cytocompatibility and proliferation tests indicate that DAHP/PEI coatings can offer an excellent surface for hADSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyun Yang
- Institute of Surface/Interface Science and Technology, Department of Material Science and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Engineering University , 150001 Harbin , China
| | | | - Qiang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing , Northwestern Polytechnical University , Xi'an , 710072 Shaanxi , China
| | | | - Xiufang Cui
- Institute of Surface/Interface Science and Technology, Department of Material Science and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Engineering University , 150001 Harbin , China
| | - Guo Jin
- Institute of Surface/Interface Science and Technology, Department of Material Science and Chemical Engineering , Harbin Engineering University , 150001 Harbin , China
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24
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Tang X, Daneshmandi L, Awale G, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Skeletal Muscle Regenerative Engineering. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 5:233-251. [PMID: 33778155 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00102-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscles have the intrinsic ability to regenerate after minor injury, but under certain circumstances such as severe trauma from accidents, chronic diseases or battlefield injuries the regeneration process is limited. Skeletal muscle regenerative engineering has emerged as a promising approach to address this clinical issue. The regenerative engineering approach involves the convergence of advanced materials science, stem cell science, physical forces, insights from developmental biology, and clinical translation. This article reviews recent studies showing the potential of the convergences of technologies involving biomaterials, stem cells and bioactive factors in concert with clinical translation, in promoting skeletal muscle regeneration. Several types of biomaterials such as electrospun nanofibers, hydrogels, patterned scaffolds, decellularized tissues, and conductive matrices are being investigated. Detailed discussions are given on how these biomaterials can interact with cells and modulate their behavior through physical, chemical and mechanical cues. In addition, the application of physical forces such as mechanical and electrical stimulation are reviewed as strategies that can further enhance muscle contractility and functionality. The review also discusses established animal models to evaluate regeneration in two clinically relevant muscle injuries; volumetric muscle loss (VML) and muscle atrophy upon rotator cuff injury. Regenerative engineering approaches using advanced biomaterials, cells, and physical forces, developmental cues along with insights from immunology, genetics and other aspects of clinical translation hold significant potential to develop promising strategies to support skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Tang
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Leila Daneshmandi
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Guleid Awale
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Lakshmi S Nair
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
| | - Cato T Laurencin
- Connecticut Convergence Institute for Translation in Regenerative Engineering, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Raymond and Beverly Sackler Center for Biomedical, Biological, Physical and Engineering Sciences, UConn Health, Farmington, CT 06030, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, Storrs, CT 06269, USA
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25
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Nourian Dehkordi A, Mirahmadi Babaheydari F, Chehelgerdi M, Raeisi Dehkordi S. Skin tissue engineering: wound healing based on stem-cell-based therapeutic strategies. Stem Cell Res Ther 2019; 10:111. [PMID: 30922387 PMCID: PMC6440165 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-019-1212-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 264] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal wound healing is a dynamic and complex multiple phase process involving coordinated interactions between growth factors, cytokines, chemokines, and various cells. Any failure in these phases may lead wounds to become chronic and have abnormal scar formation. Chronic wounds affect patients' quality of life, since they require repetitive treatments and incur considerable medical costs. Thus, much effort has been focused on developing novel therapeutic approaches for wound treatment. Stem-cell-based therapeutic strategies have been proposed to treat these wounds. They have shown considerable potential for improving the rate and quality of wound healing and regenerating the skin. However, there are many challenges for using stem cells in skin regeneration. In this review, we present some sets of the data published on using embryonic stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, and adult stem cells in healing wounds. Additionally, we will discuss the different angles whereby these cells can contribute to their unique features and show the current drawbacks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azar Nourian Dehkordi
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Institute of Medical Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Mirahmadi Babaheydari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Basic Health Sciences Institute, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad Chehelgerdi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran
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26
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Hickey RJ, Pelling AE. Cellulose Biomaterials for Tissue Engineering. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2019; 7:45. [PMID: 30968018 PMCID: PMC6438900 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2019.00045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 02/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we highlight the importance of nanostructure of cellulose-based biomaterials to allow cellular adhesion, the contribution of nanostructure to macroscale mechanical properties, and several key applications of these materials for fundamental scientific research and biomedical engineering. Different features on the nanoscale can have macroscale impacts on tissue function. Cellulose is a diverse material with tunable properties and is a promising platform for biomaterial development and tissue engineering. Cellulose-based biomaterials offer some important advantages over conventional synthetic materials. Here we provide an up-to-date summary of the status of the field of cellulose-based biomaterials in the context of bottom-up approaches for tissue engineering. We anticipate that cellulose-based material research will continue to expand because of the diversity and versatility of biochemical and biophysical characteristics highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan J. Hickey
- Department of Physics, STEM Complex, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Andrew E. Pelling
- Department of Physics, STEM Complex, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Department of Biology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- Institute for Science Society and Policy, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
- SymbioticA, School of Human Sciences, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
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27
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Saunders L, Ma PX. Self-Healing Supramolecular Hydrogels for Tissue Engineering Applications. Macromol Biosci 2019; 19:e1800313. [PMID: 30565872 PMCID: PMC6486376 DOI: 10.1002/mabi.201800313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 10/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Self-healing supramolecular hydrogels have emerged as a novel class of biomaterials that combine hydrogels with supramolecular chemistry to develop highly functional biomaterials with advantages including native tissue mimicry, biocompatibility, and injectability. These properties are endowed by the reversibly cross-linked polymer network of the hydrogel. These hydrogels have great potential for realizing yet to be clinically translated tissue engineering therapies. This review presents methods of self-healing supramolecular hydrogel formation and their uses in tissue engineering as well as future perspectives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Saunders
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Peter X. Ma
- Macromolecular Science and Engineering Center, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Biologic and Materials Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA, Materials Science and Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA,
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28
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Jiménez M, Abradelo C, San Román J, Rojo L. Bibliographic review on the state of the art of strontium and zinc based regenerative therapies. Recent developments and clinical applications. J Mater Chem B 2019; 7:1974-1985. [DOI: 10.1039/c8tb02738b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
This review brings up to date the state of the art of strontium and zinc based regenerative therapies, both having a promoting effect on tissue formation and a role inhibiting resorption in musculoskeletal disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Julio San Román
- Instituto de Ciencia y tecnología de Polímeros
- CSIC
- Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería
- Biomateriales y Nanomedicina Spain
| | - Luis Rojo
- Instituto de Ciencia y tecnología de Polímeros
- CSIC
- Spain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería
- Biomateriales y Nanomedicina Spain
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29
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Hunt NC, Hallam D, Chichagova V, Steel DH, Lako M. The Application of Biomaterials to Tissue Engineering Neural Retina and Retinal Pigment Epithelium. Adv Healthc Mater 2018; 7:e1800226. [PMID: 30175520 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201800226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of degenerative retinal disease is ever increasing as life expectancy rises globally. The human retina fails to regenerate and the use of human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) to engineer retinal tissue is of particular interest due to the limited availability of suitable allogeneic or autologous tissue. Retinal tissue and its development are well characterized, which have resulted in robust assays to assess the development of tissue-engineered retina. Retinal tissue can be generated in vitro from hESCs and hiPSCs without biomaterial scaffolds, but despite advancements, protocols remain slow, expensive, and fail to result in mature functional tissue. Several recent studies have demonstrated the potential of biomaterial scaffolds to enhance generation of hESC/hiPSC-derived retinal tissue, including synthetic polymers, silk, alginate, hyaluronic acid, and extracellular matrix molecules. This review outlines the advances that have been made toward tissue-engineered neural retina and retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) for clinical application in recent years, including the success of clinical trials involving transplantation of cells and tissue to promote retinal repair; and the evidence from in vitro and animal studies that biomaterials can enhance development and integration of retinal tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola C. Hunt
- Newcastle UniversityInstitute of Genetic MedicineInternational Centre for Life Central Parkway Newcastle NE1 3BZ UK
| | - Dean Hallam
- Newcastle UniversityInstitute of Genetic MedicineInternational Centre for Life Central Parkway Newcastle NE1 3BZ UK
| | - Valeria Chichagova
- Newcastle UniversityInstitute of Genetic MedicineInternational Centre for Life Central Parkway Newcastle NE1 3BZ UK
- Biomedicine WestInternational Centre for LifeTimes SquareNewcastle upon Tyne NE1 4EP UK
| | - David H. Steel
- Newcastle UniversityInstitute of Genetic MedicineInternational Centre for Life Central Parkway Newcastle NE1 3BZ UK
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Newcastle UniversityInstitute of Genetic MedicineInternational Centre for Life Central Parkway Newcastle NE1 3BZ UK
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30
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Kusuma GD, Barabadi M, Tan JL, Morton DAV, Frith JE, Lim R. To Protect and to Preserve: Novel Preservation Strategies for Extracellular Vesicles. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1199. [PMID: 30420804 PMCID: PMC6215815 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs)-based therapeutics are based on the premise that EVs shed by stem cells exert similar therapeutic effects and these have been proposed as an alternative to cell therapies. EV-mediated delivery is an effective and efficient system of cell-to-cell communication which can confer therapeutic benefits to their target cells. EVs have been shown to promote tissue repair and regeneration in various animal models such as, wound healing, cardiac ischemia, diabetes, lung fibrosis, kidney injury, and many others. Given the unique attributes of EVs, considerable thought must be given to the preservation, formulation and cold chain strategies in order to effectively translate exciting preclinical observations to clinical and commercial success. This review summarizes current understanding around EV preservation, challenges in maintaining EV quality, and also bioengineering advances aimed at enhancing the long-term stability of EVs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina D. Kusuma
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Mehri Barabadi
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jean L. Tan
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Jessica E. Frith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Rebecca Lim
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Australian Regenerative Medicine Institute, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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31
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Diab M, Mokari T. Bioinspired Hierarchical Porous Structures for Engineering Advanced Functional Inorganic Materials. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2018; 30:e1706349. [PMID: 29923350 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201706349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Tremendous efforts have been directed at designing functional and well-defined 3D structures in recent decades. Many approaches have been devised and are currently used to create 3D structures, including lithography, 3D printing, assembly, and template-mediated (natural or synthetic) methods. Natural scaffolds offer some unique traits, as compared to their artificial counterparts, presenting highly ordered, porous, identical, abundant, and diverse structures. Various organisms, such as viruses, bacteria, diatoms, foraminifera, and others, are used as templates to form 3D structures. Herein, advancements made in using the shell of marine microorganisms, diatoms, and foraminifera, as scaffolds for designing functional 3D structures are reported. Furthermore, a succinct overview of various synthetic methods used to coat these scaffolds with inorganic materials (i.e., metals, metal oxides, and metal sulfides) is provided. Finally, the use of such fabricated functional 3D structures in a wide range of applications, such as catalysis, sensing, drug delivery, photo-electrochemical uses, batteries, and others, is considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmud Diab
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
| | - Taleb Mokari
- Department of Chemistry and Ilse Katz Institute for Nanoscale Science and Technology, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, 8410501, Israel
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32
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Koh I, Furusawa K, Haga H. Anisotropic Multi-channel Collagen Gel (MCCG) Guides the Growth Direction of the Neurite-like Processes of PC12 Cells. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13901. [PMID: 30224813 PMCID: PMC6141479 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-32156-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Hydrogels made of various materials using a variety of methods have been extensively studied for use in tissue engineering, and collagen is one of the most common material used for its biocompatibility due to it being a major component of the extracellular matrix (ECM). Furthermore, the alignment of collagen fibres has been shown to direct the growth of neurites, an important criterion for engineering nervous tissues. The Multi-channel Collagen Gel (MCCG) has collagen fibres aligned circumferentially around the channel structures of the gel, and we predicted that the MCCG could guide the growth direction of neurites. In this study, we showed that the growth pathway of the neurite-like processes of PC12 cells were guided in MCCG but not in normal collagen gel (COL). The gelation of collagen gels are known to be affected by ionic concentrations, and hence we also investigated the effects of different concentrations of NaCl on the properties of MCCG. We found that, despite differences in channel density, spacing between channels, and degree of collagen fibre alignment, all MCCGs had similar guiding properties on the growth of neurites. Therefore, we believe that anisotropic MCCG could be a useful biomaterial for neural tissue engineering in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Koh
- Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku Kita 10 Nishi 8, Sapporo, 060-0810, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Kazuya Furusawa
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan.
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan.
- Department of Environmental and Food Sciences, Fukui University of Technology, Gakuen 3-6-1, Fukui, Fukui, 910-8505, Japan.
| | - Hisashi Haga
- Faculty of Advanced Life Science, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Kita 10 Nishi 8, Sapporo, Hokkaido, 060-0810, Japan
- Global Station for Soft Matter, Global Institution for Collaborative Research and Education, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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33
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Xu Z, Li Z, Jiang S, Bratlie KM. Chemically Modified Gellan Gum Hydrogels with Tunable Properties for Use as Tissue Engineering Scaffolds. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:6998-7007. [PMID: 30023967 PMCID: PMC6044625 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b00683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/13/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Gellan gum is a naturally occurring polymer that can cross-link in the presence of divalent cations to form biocompatible hydrogels. However, physically cross-linked gellan gum hydrogels lose their stability under physiological conditions, thus restricting the applications of these hydrogels in vivo. To improve the mechanical strength of the gels, we incorporated methacrylate into the gellan gum and chemically cross-linked the hydrogel through three polymerization methods: step growth through thiol-ene photoclick chemistry, chain-growth via photopolymerization, and mixed model in which both mechanisms were employed. Methacrylation was confirmed and quantified by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The mechanical properties and chemistry of the cross-linked gels were systematically altered by varying the reaction conditions. The compression moduli of the resulting hydrogels ranged between 6.4 and 17.2 kPa. The swelling ratios of the hydrogels were correlated with the compression moduli and affected by the addition of calcium. In vitro enzymatic degradation rate was found to depend on the degree of methacrylation. NIH/3T3 fibroblast cell proliferation and morphology were related to substrate stiffness, with a high stiffness leading generally to higher proliferation. The proliferation is further affected by the thiol-ene ratio. These results suggest that a hydrogel platform based on the gellan gum can offer versatile chemical modifications and tunable mechanical properties. The influence of these substrates on cell behavior suggests that the gellan gum hydrogels have the flexibility to be engineered for a variety of biomaterials applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihao Xu
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering and Department of Chemical & Biological
Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Zhuqing Li
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering and Department of Chemical & Biological
Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering and Department of Chemical & Biological
Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Division
of Materials Science & Engineering, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
| | - Kaitlin M. Bratlie
- Department
of Materials Science & Engineering and Department of Chemical & Biological
Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
- Division
of Materials Science & Engineering, Ames National Laboratory, Ames, Iowa 50011, United States
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34
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Construction of scaffolds composed of acellular cardiac extracellular matrix for myocardial tissue engineering. Biologicals 2018; 53:10-18. [PMID: 29625872 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2018.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
High rates of mortality and morbidity stemming from cardiovascular diseases unveil extreme limitations in current therapies despite enormous advances in medical and pharmaceutical sciences. Following myocardial infarction (MI), parts of myocardium undergo irreversible remodeling and is substituted by a scar tissue which eventually leads to heart failure (HF). To address this issue, cardiac patches have been utilized to initiate myocardial regeneration. In this study, a porous cardiac patch is fabricated using a mixture of decellularized myocardium extracellular matrix (ECM) and chitosan (CS). Results of rheological measurements, SEM, biodegradation test, and MTT assay showed that the scaffold composed of 3.5% (w/w) CS and 0.5% ECM has the best potential in providing cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) with a suitable microenvironmental condition for both attachment and growth. This study demonstrates that the fabricated scaffold is capable of transmitting both mechanical and chemical cues that is native to myocardial tissue and supports efficient growth of the CPCs.
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35
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Grix T, Ruppelt A, Thomas A, Amler AK, Noichl BP, Lauster R, Kloke L. Bioprinting Perfusion-Enabled Liver Equivalents for Advanced Organ-on-a-Chip Applications. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9040176. [PMID: 29565814 PMCID: PMC5924518 DOI: 10.3390/genes9040176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2018] [Revised: 03/08/2018] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Many tissue models have been developed to mimic liver-specific functions for metabolic and toxin conversion in in vitro assays. Most models represent a 2D environment rather than a complex 3D structure similar to native tissue. To overcome this issue, spheroid cultures have become the gold standard in tissue engineering. Unfortunately, spheroids are limited in size due to diffusion barriers in their dense structures, limiting nutrient and oxygen supply. Recent developments in bioprinting techniques have enabled us to engineer complex 3D structures with perfusion-enabled channel systems to ensure nutritional supply within larger, densely-populated tissue models. In this study, we present a proof-of-concept for the feasibility of bioprinting a liver organoid by combining HepaRG and human stellate cells in a stereolithographic printing approach, and show basic characterization under static cultivation conditions. Using standard tissue engineering analytics, such as immunohistology and qPCR, we found higher albumin and cytochrome P450 3A4 (CYP3A4) expression in bioprinted liver tissues compared to monolayer controls over a two-week cultivation period. In addition, the expression of tight junctions, liver-specific bile transporter multidrug resistance-associated protein 2 (MRP2), and overall metabolism (glucose, lactate, lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)) were found to be stable. Furthermore, we provide evidence for the perfusability of the organoids’ intrinsic channel system. These results motivate new approaches and further development in liver tissue engineering for advanced organ-on-a-chip applications and pharmaceutical developments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alicia Ruppelt
- Fachgebiet für Medizinische Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
| | | | - Anna-Klara Amler
- Fachgebiet für Medizinische Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Benjamin P Noichl
- Fachgebiet für Medizinische Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Roland Lauster
- Fachgebiet für Medizinische Biotechnologie, Technische Universität Berlin, 13355 Berlin, Germany.
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Harrison RP, Medcalf N, Rafiq QA. Cell therapy-processing economics: small-scale microfactories as a stepping stone toward large-scale macrofactories. Regen Med 2018; 13:159-173. [PMID: 29509065 DOI: 10.2217/rme-2017-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM Manufacturing methods for cell-based therapies differ markedly from those established for noncellular pharmaceuticals and biologics. Attempts to 'shoehorn' these into existing frameworks have yielded poor outcomes. Some excellent clinical results have been realized, yet emergence of a 'blockbuster' cell-based therapy has so far proved elusive. MATERIALS & METHODS The pressure to provide these innovative therapies, even at a smaller scale, remains. In this process, economics research paper, we utilize cell expansion research data combined with operational cost modeling in a case study to demonstrate the alternative ways in which a novel mesenchymal stem cell-based therapy could be provided at small scale. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS This research outlines the feasibility of cell microfactories but highlighted that there is a strong pressure to automate processes and split the quality control cost-burden over larger production batches. The study explores one potential paradigm of cell-based therapy provisioning as a potential exemplar on which to base manufacturing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard P Harrison
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Holywell Park, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK.,Wolfson Centre for Stem cells, Tissue Engineering & Modelling (STEM), The University of Nottingham, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University Park, Nottingham, NG7 2RD, UK.,Department for Biochemical Engineering, School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Nicholas Medcalf
- Centre for Biological Engineering, Holywell Park, Loughborough University, Loughborough, LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Qasim A Rafiq
- Department of Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering Science, University College London, Gower Street, London, WC1E 6BT, UK.,Department for Biochemical Engineering, School of Life & Health Sciences, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
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Herrero-Herrero M, Gómez-Tejedor J, Vallés-Lluch A. PLA/PCL electrospun membranes of tailored fibres diameter as drug delivery systems. Eur Polym J 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2017.12.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Moreno-Jiménez I, Kanczler JM, Hulsart-Billstrom G, Inglis S, Oreffo RO. The Chorioallantoic Membrane Assay for Biomaterial Testing in Tissue Engineering: A Short-TermIn VivoPreclinical Model. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2017; 23:938-952. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2017.0186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Inés Moreno-Jiménez
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Center for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Janos M. Kanczler
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Center for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Gry Hulsart-Billstrom
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Center for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Stefanie Inglis
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Center for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Richard O.C. Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Developmental Sciences, Center for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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αvβ3 and α5β1 integrin-specific ligands: From tumor angiogenesis inhibitors to vascularization promoters in regenerative medicine? Biotechnol Adv 2017; 36:208-227. [PMID: 29155160 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2017.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Integrins are cell adhesion receptors predominantly important during normal and tumor angiogenesis. A sequence present on several extracellular matrix proteins composed of Arg-Gly-Asp (RGD) has attracted attention due to its role in cell adhesion mediated by integrins. The development of ligands that can bind to integrins involved in tumor angiogenesis and brake disease progression has resulted in new investigational drug entities reaching the clinical trial phase in humans. The use of integrin-specific ligands can be useful for the vascularization of regenerative medicine constructs, which remains a major limitation for translation into clinical practice. In order to enhance vascularization, immobilization of integrin-specific RGD peptidomimetics within constructs is a recommended approach, due to their high specificity and selectivity towards certain desired integrins. This review endeavours to address the potential of peptidomimetic-coated biomaterials as vascular network promoters for regenerative medicine purposes. Clinical studies involving molecules tracking active integrins in cancer angiogenesis and reasons for their failure are also addressed.
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Modaresifar K, Hadjizadeh A, Niknejad H. Design and fabrication of GelMA/chitosan nanoparticles composite hydrogel for angiogenic growth factor delivery. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:1799-1808. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1392970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Khashayar Modaresifar
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Afra Hadjizadeh
- Department of Biomaterials, Faculty of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hassan Niknejad
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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42
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Texidó R, Orgaz A, Ramos-Pérez V, Borrós S. Stretchable conductive polypyrrole films modified with dopaminated hyaluronic acid. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2017; 76:295-300. [DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2017.03.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2016] [Revised: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Fu K, Yao Y, Dai J, Hu L. Progress in 3D Printing of Carbon Materials for Energy-Related Applications. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2017; 29:1603486. [PMID: 27982475 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201603486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The additive-manufacturing (AM) technique, known as three-dimensional (3D) printing, has attracted much attention in industry and academia in recent years. 3D printing has been developed for a variety of applications. Printable inks are the most important component for 3D printing, and are related to the materials, the printing method, and the structures of the final 3D-printed products. Carbon materials, due to their good chemical stability and versatile nanostructure, have been widely used in 3D printing for different applications. Good inks are mainly based on volatile solutions having carbon materials as fillers such as graphene oxide (GO), carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon blacks, and solvent, as well as polymers and other additives. Studies of carbon materials in 3D printing, especially GO-based materials, have been extensively reported for energy-related applications. In these circumstances, understanding the very recent developments of 3D-printed carbon materials and their extended applications to address energy-related challenges and bring new concepts for material designs are becoming urgent and important. Here, recent developments in 3D printing of emerging devices for energy-related applications are reviewed, including energy-storage applications, electronic circuits, and thermal-energy applications at high temperature. To close, a conclusion and outlook are provided, pointing out future designs and developments of 3D-printing technology based on carbon materials for energy-related applications and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Fu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Yonggang Yao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Jiaqi Dai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
| | - Liangbing Hu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD, 20742, USA
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Grau-Monge C, Delcroix GJR, Bonnin-Marquez A, Valdes M, Awadallah ELM, Quevedo DF, Armour MR, Montero RB, Schiller PC, Andreopoulos FM, D'Ippolito G. Marrow-isolated adult multilineage inducible cells embedded within a biologically-inspired construct promote recovery in a mouse model of peripheral vascular disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 12:015024. [PMID: 28211362 DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/aa5a74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Peripheral vascular disease is one of the major vascular complications in individuals suffering from diabetes and in the elderly that is associated with significant burden in terms of morbidity and mortality. Stem cell therapy is being tested as an attractive alternative to traditional surgery to prevent and treat this disorder. The goal of this study was to enhance the protective and reparative potential of marrow-isolated adult multilineage inducible (MIAMI) cells by incorporating them within a bio-inspired construct (BIC) made of two layers of gelatin B electrospun nanofibers. We hypothesized that the BIC would enhance MIAMI cell survival and engraftment, ultimately leading to a better functional recovery of the injured limb in our mouse model of critical limb ischemia compared to MIAMI cells used alone. Our study demonstrated that MIAMI cell-seeded BIC resulted in a wide range of positive outcomes with an almost full recovery of blood flow in the injured limb, thereby limiting the extent of ischemia and necrosis. Functional recovery was also the greatest when MIAMI cells were combined with BICs, compared to MIAMI cells alone or BICs in the absence of cells. Histology was performed 28 days after grafting the animals to explore the mechanisms at the source of these positive outcomes. We observed that our critical limb ischemia model induces an extensive loss of muscular fibers that are replaced by intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), together with a highly disorganized vascular structure. The use of MIAMI cells-seeded BIC prevented IMAT infiltration with some clear evidence of muscular fibers regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Grau-Monge
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, FL, United States of America. Geriatric Research, Education, and Clinical Center and Research Service, Bruce W. Carter VAMC, Miami, FL, United States of America
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Hadjizadeh A, Ghasemkhah F, Ghasemzaie N. Polymeric Scaffold Based Gene Delivery Strategies to Improve Angiogenesis in Tissue Engineering: A Review. POLYM REV 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/15583724.2017.1292402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Afra Hadjizadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Ghasemkhah
- Institute of Nanotechnology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloofar Ghasemzaie
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Amirkabir University of Technology, Tehran, Iran
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Li H, Cheng W, Liu K, Chen L, Huang Y, Wang X, Lv Z, He J, Li C. Reinforced collagen with oxidized microcrystalline cellulose shows improved hemostatic effects. Carbohydr Polym 2017; 165:30-38. [PMID: 28363553 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2017.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2016] [Revised: 01/18/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Sponges composed of different levels of composite collagen/oxidized microcrystalline cellulose (collagen/OMCC), denoted M1-M4, were studied to improve the hemostatic effect of single-collagen sponges. Surface morphological observations showed that structural combinations and intermolecular interactions occurred between collagen and OMCC in the composites. M2 presented the best physical properties and platelet activation and was thus selected for the investigations of the in vitro coagulation time and hemostatic and biological effects on animals. The results illustrated that M2 could reduce the length of the activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) and thrombin time (TT) and presented rapid hemostatic efficiency in the two injury models (P<0.05). These findings were used to evaluate the hemostatic mechanism of M2, which can promote blood absorption and platelet activation and could be directly involved in the intrinsic coagulation pathway to accelerate hemostasis. Furthermore, M2 was not cytotoxic and was completely biodegraded in subcutaneous tissue within 28days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Weilu Cheng
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Ke Liu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Lei Chen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Yudong Huang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Wang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Zhiyong Lv
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Jinmei He
- School of Chemical Engineering and Technology, State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.
| | - Cheng Li
- Department of Obstetrics, The Affiliated Zhongshan Hospital of Dalian University, Dalian 116001, China.
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Cunha JPMCM, Leuckx G, Sterkendries P, Korf H, Bomfim-Ferreira G, Overbergh L, Vaes B, Heimberg H, Gysemans C, Mathieu C. Human multipotent adult progenitor cells enhance islet function and revascularisation when co-transplanted as a composite pellet in a mouse model of diabetes. Diabetologia 2017; 60:134-142. [PMID: 27704164 PMCID: PMC6518081 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4120-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Hypoxia in the initial days after islet transplantation leads to considerable loss of islet mass and contributes to disappointing outcomes in the clinical setting. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether co-transplantation of human non-endothelial bone marrow-derived multipotent adult progenitor cells (MAPCs), which are non-immunogenic and can secrete angiogenic growth factors during the initial days after implantation, could improve islet engraftment and survival. METHODS Islets (150) were co-transplanted, with or without human MAPCs (2.5 × 105) as separate or composite pellets, under the kidney capsule of syngeneic alloxan-induced diabetic C57BL/6 mice. Blood glucose levels were frequently monitored and IPGTTs were carried out. Grafts and serum were harvested at 2 and 5 weeks after transplantation to assess outcome. RESULTS Human MAPCs produced high amounts of angiogenic growth factors, including vascular endothelial growth factor, in vitro and in vivo, as demonstrated by the induction of neo-angiogenesis in the chorioallantoic membrane assay. Islet-human MAPC co-transplantation as a composite pellet significantly improved the outcome of islet transplantation as measured by the initial glycaemic control, diabetes reversal rate, glucose tolerance and serum C-peptide concentration compared with the outcome following transplantation of islets alone. Histologically, a higher blood vessel area and density in addition to a higher vessel/islet ratio were detected in recipients of islet-human MAPC composites. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION The present data suggest that co-transplantation of mouse pancreatic islets with human MAPCs, which secrete high amounts of angiogenic growth factors, enhance islet graft revascularisation and subsequently improve islet graft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Paulo M C M Cunha
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KULEUVEN), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1, Herestraat 49 bus 902, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gunter Leuckx
- Beta cell neogenesis laboratory, Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - Hannelie Korf
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KULEUVEN), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1, Herestraat 49 bus 902, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gabriela Bomfim-Ferreira
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KULEUVEN), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1, Herestraat 49 bus 902, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lutgart Overbergh
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KULEUVEN), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1, Herestraat 49 bus 902, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Harry Heimberg
- Beta cell neogenesis laboratory, Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Conny Gysemans
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KULEUVEN), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1, Herestraat 49 bus 902, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Chantal Mathieu
- Laboratory of Clinical and Experimental Endocrinology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (KULEUVEN), Campus Gasthuisberg O&N1, Herestraat 49 bus 902, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
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Naves L, Dhand C, Almeida L, Rajamani L, Ramakrishna S. In vitro skin models and tissue engineering protocols for skin graft applications. Essays Biochem 2016; 60:357-369. [DOI: 10.1042/ebc20160043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
In this review, we present a brief introduction of the skin structure, a concise compilation of skin-related disorders, and a thorough discussion of different in vitro skin models, artificial skin substitutes, skin grafts, and dermal tissue engineering protocols. The advantages of the development of in vitro skin disorder models, such as UV radiation and the prototype model, melanoma model, wound healing model, psoriasis model, and full-thickness model are also discussed. Different types of skin grafts including allografts, autografts, allogeneic, and xenogeneic are described in detail with their associated applications. We also discuss different tissue engineering protocols for the design of various types of skin substitutes and their commercial outcomes. Brief highlights are given of the new generation three-dimensional printed scaffolds for tissue regeneration applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas B. Naves
- CAPES Foundation, Ministry of Education of Brazil, Brasília 70040-020, Brazil
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, Guimarães 4800-058, Portugal
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore
| | - Chetna Dhand
- Anti-Infectives Research Group, Singapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore 169856, Singapore
| | - Luis Almeida
- Centre for Textile Science and Technology, University of Minho, Guimarães 4800-058, Portugal
| | | | - Seeram Ramakrishna
- Center for Nanofibers & Nanotechnology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117581, Singapore
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration (GHMICR), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Ding S, Kingshott P, Thissen H, Pera M, Wang PY. Modulation of human mesenchymal and pluripotent stem cell behavior using biophysical and biochemical cues: A review. Biotechnol Bioeng 2016; 114:260-280. [DOI: 10.1002/bit.26075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 298] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl Ding
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn 3122 Victoria Australia
| | - Peter Kingshott
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn 3122 Victoria Australia
| | | | - Martin Pera
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Florey Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute; The University of Melbourne; Victoria Australia
| | - Peng-Yuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology; Swinburne University of Technology; Hawthorn 3122 Victoria Australia
- CSIRO Manufacturing; Clayton Victoria Australia
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Florey Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute; The University of Melbourne; Victoria Australia
- Graduate Institute of Nanomedicine and Medical Engineering; College of Biomedical Engineering; Taipei Medical University; Taipei Taiwan
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50
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Moreno-Jiménez I, Hulsart-Billstrom G, Lanham SA, Janeczek AA, Kontouli N, Kanczler JM, Evans ND, Oreffo ROC. The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay for the study of human bone regeneration: a refinement animal model for tissue engineering. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32168. [PMID: 27577960 PMCID: PMC5006015 DOI: 10.1038/srep32168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterial development for tissue engineering applications is rapidly increasing but necessitates efficacy and safety testing prior to clinical application. Current in vitro and in vivo models hold a number of limitations, including expense, lack of correlation between animal models and human outcomes and the need to perform invasive procedures on animals; hence requiring new predictive screening methods. In the present study we tested the hypothesis that the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) can be used as a bioreactor to culture and study the regeneration of human living bone. We extracted bone cylinders from human femoral heads, simulated an injury using a drill-hole defect, and implanted the bone on CAM or in vitro control-culture. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) was used to quantify the magnitude and location of bone volume changes followed by histological analyses to assess bone repair. CAM blood vessels were observed to infiltrate the human bone cylinder and maintain human cell viability. Histological evaluation revealed extensive extracellular matrix deposition in proximity to endochondral condensations (Sox9+) on the CAM-implanted bone cylinders, correlating with a significant increase in bone volume by μCT analysis (p < 0.01). This human-avian system offers a simple refinement model for animal research and a step towards a humanized in vivo model for tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inés Moreno-Jiménez
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Gry Hulsart-Billstrom
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Stuart A. Lanham
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Agnieszka A. Janeczek
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Nasia Kontouli
- Cancer Sciences Unit, Somers Cancer Research, University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Janos M. Kanczler
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Nicholas D. Evans
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Richard OC Oreffo
- Bone and Joint Research Group, Centre for Human Development, Stem Cells and Regeneration, Human Development and Health, Institute of Developmental Sciences University of Southampton, Tremona Road, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
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