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Meyer GA, Ferey JLA, Sanford JA, Fitzgerald LS, Greenberg AE, Svensson K, Greenberg MJ, Schenk S. Insights into posttranslational regulation of skeletal muscle contractile function by the acetyltransferases, p300 and CBP. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2024; 136:1559-1567. [PMID: 38722753 PMCID: PMC11365544 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00156.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Mice with skeletal muscle-specific and inducible double knockout of the lysine acetyltransferases, p300 (E1A binding protein p300) and CBP (cAMP-response element-binding protein binding protein), referred to as i-mPCKO, demonstrate a dramatic loss of contractile function in skeletal muscle and ultimately die within 7 days. Given that many proteins involved in ATP generation and cross-bridge cycling are acetylated, we investigated whether these processes are dysregulated in skeletal muscle from i-mPCKO mice and, thus, whether they could underlie the rapid loss of muscle contractile function. Just 4-5 days after inducing knockout of p300 and CBP in skeletal muscle from adult i-mPCKO mice, there was ∼90% reduction in ex vivo contractile function in the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) and a ∼65% reduction in in vivo ankle dorsiflexion torque, as compared with wild type (WT; i.e., Cre negative) littermates. Despite this profound loss of contractile force in i-mPCKO mice, there were no genotype-driven differences in fatigability during repeated contractions, nor were there genotype differences in mitochondrial-specific pathway enrichment of the proteome, intermyofibrillar mitochondrial volume, or mitochondrial respiratory function. As it relates to cross-bridge cycling, remarkably, the overt loss of contractile function in i-mPCKO muscle was reversed in permeabilized fibers supplied with exogenous Ca2+ and ATP, with active tension being similar between i-mPCKO and WT mice, regardless of Ca2+ concentration. Actin-myosin motility was also similar in skeletal muscle from i-mPCKO and WT mice. In conclusion, neither mitochondrial abundance/function, nor actomyosin cross-bridge cycling, are the underlying driver of contractile dysfunction in i-mPCKO mice.NEW & NOTEWORTHY The mechanism underlying dramatic loss of muscle contractile function with inducible deletion of both E1A binding protein p300 (p300) and cAMP-response element-binding protein binding protein (CBP) in skeletal muscle remains unknown. Here, we find that impairments in mitochondrial function or cross-bridge cycling are not the underlying mechanism of action. Future work will investigate other aspects of excitation-contraction coupling, such as Ca2+ handling and membrane excitability, as contractile function could be rescued by permeabilizing skeletal muscle, which provides exogenous Ca2+ and bypasses membrane depolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen A Meyer
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Jeremie L A Ferey
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - James A Sanford
- Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States
| | - Liam S Fitzgerald
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
- Medical Scientist Training Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Akiva E Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Kristoffer Svensson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
| | - Michael J Greenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, United States
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, United States
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Castro MMD, DeVries TJ, Machado AF, Correa PVF, Marcondes MI. Expression of enzymes involved in the urea cycle and muscle and mammary gland development of Holstein × Gyr heifers in a rotational grazing system supplemented with increasing protein levels. J Dairy Sci 2023; 106:6951-6960. [PMID: 37500437 DOI: 10.3168/jds.2022-22969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
Studies evaluating the crude protein (CP) supplementation strategies across the year for grazing cattle and its association with the enzymes involved in the urea cycle and muscle and mammary gland developments are scarce. Thus, we aimed to evaluate the effect of supplementation with different levels of CP on the expression of genes involved in the urea cycle and muscle and mammary gland development of Holstein × Gyr crossbreed heifers grazing intensively managed Brachiaria decumbens throughout the year. Thirty-eight heifers with average initial BW of 172.5 ± 11.15 kg (mean ± SE) and 8.2 ± 0.54 mo of age were randomly assigned to 1 of 4 treatments: 3 protein supplements (SUP) fed at 5g/kg of body weight, plus a control group (CON, non-supplemented animals). The supplement CP levels evaluated were: 12, 24, and 36%. The study was divided into 4 seasons: rainy, dry, rainy-dry transition (RDT), and dry-rainy transition (DRT). On the penultimate day of each season, ultrasound images of the carcass and mammary gland were taken. Five animals from each treatment were randomly chosen on the last day of each season, and liver and muscle tissue biopsies were performed. The target genes were the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in the muscle samples. Carbamoyl phosphate synthetase (CPS), ornithine transcarbamylase (OTC), argininosuccinate synthetase (ASS), arginosuccinate lyase (ASL), and arginase (ARG) were evaluated in the liver samples. Data were analyzed using PROC GLIMMIX of the SAS with repeated measures. We observed a greater rib eye area (cm2) and fat thickness (mm) in SUP animals than in non-supplemented animals. However, we did not observe differences among SUP levels for both variables. No effects of supplementation were detected on mammary gland development. Nevertheless, seasonal effects were observed, where the RDT and dry season had the most and least accumulated fat in the mammary gland. In muscle, we observed greater expression of AMPK in non-supplemented animals than SUP animals. On the other hand, no differences were observed in gene expression between SUP and non-supplemented animals and among SUP animals for mTOR. Season affected both AMPK and mTOR; heifers had a greater AMPK gene expression on rainy than RDT. For mTOR, we observed greater gene expression in RDT and DRT than in rainy. No differences were observed among RDT, dry, and DRT, and between dry and rainy seasons for mTOR. We observed greater CPS, ASL, and ARG gene expression in SUP animals than in non-supplemented animals. Among SUP animals, supplement CP linearly affected CPS. In conclusion, the supplementation strategy did not affect mammary gland development and mTOR expression in muscle tissue. However, we observed a seasonal effect on mammary gland development and AMPK and mTOR expression. The CP supplementation increased the rib eye area and fat thickness, directly affecting AMPK expression in the muscle. Moreover, the CP supplementation increased urea cycle enzyme expression, indicating greater urea production in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M D Castro
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - T J DeVries
- Department of Animal Biosciences, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - A F Machado
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - P V F Correa
- Department of Animal Science, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, Viçosa, MG, 36570-900, Brazil
| | - M I Marcondes
- Department of Animal Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164.
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Andreas MN, Boehm AK, Tang P, Moosburner S, Klein O, Daneshgar A, Gaßner JMGV, Raschzok N, Haderer L, Wulsten D, Rückert JC, Spuler S, Pratschke J, Sauer IM, Hillebrandt KH. Development and systematic evaluation of decellularization protocols in different application models for diaphragmatic tissue engineering. BIOMATERIALS ADVANCES 2023; 153:213493. [PMID: 37418932 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioadv.2023.213493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tissue engineered bioscaffolds based on decellularized composites have gained increasing interest for treatment of various diaphragmatic impairments, including muscular atrophies and diaphragmatic hernias. Detergent-enzymatic treatment (DET) constitutes a standard strategy for diaphragmatic decellularization. However, there is scarce data on comparing DET protocols with different substances in distinct application models in their ability to maximize cellular removal while minimizing extracellular matrix (ECM) damage. METHODS We decellularized diaphragms of male Sprague Dawley rats with 1 % or 0.1 % sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 4 % sodium deoxycholate (SDC) by orbital shaking (OS) or retrograde perfusion (RP) through the vena cava. We evaluated decellularized diaphragmatic samples by (1) quantitative analysis including DNA quantification and biomechanical testing, (2) qualitative and semiquantitative analysis by proteomics, as well as (3) qualitative assessment with macroscopic and microscopic evaluation by histological staining, immunohistochemistry and scanning electron microscopy. RESULTS All protocols produced decellularized matrices with micro- and ultramorphologically intact architecture and adequate biomechanical performance with gradual differences. The proteomic profile of decellularized matrices contained a broad range of primal core and ECM-associated proteins similar to native muscle. While no outstanding preference for one singular protocol was determinable, SDS-treated samples showed slightly beneficial properties in comparison to SDC-processed counterparts. Both application modalities proved suitable for DET. CONCLUSION DET with SDS or SDC via orbital shaking or retrograde perfusion constitute suitable methods to produce adequately decellularized matrices with characteristically preserved proteomic composition. Exposing compositional and functional specifics of variously treated grafts may enable establishing an ideal processing strategy to sustain valuable tissue characteristics and optimize consecutive recellularization. This aims to design an optimal bioscaffold for future transplantation in quantitative and qualitative diaphragmatic defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco N Andreas
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Agnes K Boehm
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Peter Tang
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simon Moosburner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Oliver Klein
- Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Assal Daneshgar
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Joseph M G V Gaßner
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Nathanael Raschzok
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Luna Haderer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dag Wulsten
- Julius-Wolff-Institut für Biomechanik und Muskuloskeletale Regeneration, Augustenburgerplatz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Jens-Carsten Rückert
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
| | - Simone Spuler
- Max-Delbrück-Centrum für Molekulare Medizin in der Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft, Robert-Rössle-Straße 10, 13125 Berlin-Buch, Germany
| | - Johann Pratschke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Cluster of Excellence Matters of Activity. Image Space Material funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC 2025, Germany
| | - Igor M Sauer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt Universität zu Berlin, Cluster of Excellence Matters of Activity. Image Space Material funded by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (DFG, German Research Foundation) under Germany's Excellence Strategy - EXC 2025, Germany.
| | - Karl H Hillebrandt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Department of Surgery, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany; Berlin Institute of Health at Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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Chen LK. Skeletal muscle health: a key determinant of healthy aging. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2023; 109:105011. [PMID: 37023587 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2023.105011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
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Abbassi-Daloii T, el Abdellaoui S, Voortman LM, Veeger TTJ, Cats D, Mei H, Meuffels DE, van Arkel E, 't Hoen PAC, Kan HE, Raz V. A transcriptome atlas of leg muscles from healthy human volunteers reveals molecular and cellular signatures associated with muscle location. eLife 2023; 12:e80500. [PMID: 36744868 PMCID: PMC9988256 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscles support the stability and mobility of the skeleton but differ in biomechanical properties and physiological functions. The intrinsic factors that regulate muscle-specific characteristics are poorly understood. To study these, we constructed a large atlas of RNA-seq profiles from six leg muscles and two locations from one muscle, using biopsies from 20 healthy young males. We identified differential expression patterns and cellular composition across the seven tissues using three bioinformatics approaches confirmed by large-scale newly developed quantitative immune-histology procedures. With all three procedures, the muscle samples clustered into three groups congruent with their anatomical location. Concomitant with genes marking oxidative metabolism, genes marking fast- or slow-twitch myofibers differed between the three groups. The groups of muscles with higher expression of slow-twitch genes were enriched in endothelial cells and showed higher capillary content. In addition, expression profiles of Homeobox (HOX) transcription factors differed between the three groups and were confirmed by spatial RNA hybridization. We created an open-source graphical interface to explore and visualize the leg muscle atlas (https://tabbassidaloii.shinyapps.io/muscleAtlasShinyApp/). Our study reveals the molecular specialization of human leg muscles, and provides a novel resource to study muscle-specific molecular features, which could be linked with (patho)physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Salma el Abdellaoui
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
| | - Lenard M Voortman
- Division of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
| | - Thom TJ Veeger
- C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
| | - Davy Cats
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
| | - Hailiang Mei
- Sequencing Analysis Support Core, Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
| | - Duncan E Meuffels
- Orthopedic and Sport Medicine Department, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center RotterdamRotterdamNetherlands
| | | | - Peter AC 't Hoen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
- Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical CenterRadboudNetherlands
| | - Hermien E Kan
- C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
- Duchenne Center NetherlandsLeidenNetherlands
| | - Vered Raz
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical CenterLeidenNetherlands
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6
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Milanese JS, Marcotte R, Costain WJ, Kablar B, Drouin S. Roles of Skeletal Muscle in Development: A Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Overview. ADVANCES IN ANATOMY, EMBRYOLOGY, AND CELL BIOLOGY 2023; 236:21-55. [PMID: 37955770 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-38215-4_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
The ability to assess various cellular events consequent to perturbations, such as genetic mutations, disease states and therapies, has been recently revolutionized by technological advances in multiple "omics" fields. The resulting deluge of information has enabled and necessitated the development of tools required to both process and interpret the data. While of tremendous value to basic researchers, the amount and complexity of the data has made it extremely difficult to manually draw inference and identify factors key to the study objectives. The challenges of data reduction and interpretation are being met by the development of increasingly complex tools that integrate disparate knowledge bases and synthesize coherent models based on current biological understanding. This chapter presents an example of how genomics data can be integrated with biological network analyses to gain further insight into the developmental consequences of genetic perturbations. State of the art methods for conducting similar studies are discussed along with modern methods used to analyze and interpret the data.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Richard Marcotte
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada , Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Willard J Costain
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Boris Kablar
- Department of Medical Neuroscience, Anatomy and Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Simon Drouin
- Human Health Therapeutics, National Research Council of Canada , Montreal, QC, Canada.
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Dowling P, Gargan S, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Identification of Subproteomic Markers for Skeletal Muscle Profiling. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2596:291-302. [PMID: 36378446 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2831-7_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The biochemical and cell biological profiling of contractile fiber types and subcellular structures plays a central role in basic and applied myology. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics presents an ideal approach for the systematic identification of proteomic and subproteomic markers. These representative components of fast versus slow muscle fibers and their subcellular fractions are highly useful for in-depth surveys of skeletal muscle adaptations to physiological challenges, as well as the improvement of diagnostic, prognostic, and therapy-monitoring methodologies in muscle pathology. This chapter outlines the identification of subproteomic markers for skeletal muscle profiling based on bottom-up and top-down approaches, including fluorescence two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE).
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gargan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | | | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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8
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Hoch M, Ehlers L, Bannert K, Stanke C, Brauer D, Caton V, Lamprecht G, Wolkenhauer O, Jaster R, Wolfien M. In silico investigation of molecular networks linking gastrointestinal diseases, malnutrition, and sarcopenia. Front Nutr 2022; 9:989453. [DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.989453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Malnutrition (MN) is a common primary or secondary complication in gastrointestinal diseases. The patient’s nutritional status also influences muscle mass and function, which can be impaired up to the degree of sarcopenia. The molecular interactions in diseases leading to sarcopenia are complex and multifaceted, affecting muscle physiology, the intestine (nutrition), and the liver at different levels. Although extensive knowledge of individual molecular factors is available, their regulatory interplay is not yet fully understood. A comprehensive overall picture of pathological mechanisms and resulting phenotypes is lacking. In silico approaches that convert existing knowledge into computationally readable formats can help unravel mechanisms, underlying such complex molecular processes. From public literature, we manually compiled experimental evidence for molecular interactions involved in the development of sarcopenia into a knowledge base, referred to as the Sarcopenia Map. We integrated two diseases, namely liver cirrhosis (LC), and intestinal dysfunction, by considering their effects on nutrition and blood secretome. We demonstrate the performance of our model by successfully simulating the impact of changing dietary frequency, glycogen storage capacity, and disease severity on the carbohydrate and muscle systems. We present the Sarcopenia Map as a publicly available, open-source, and interactive online resource, that links gastrointestinal diseases, MN, and sarcopenia. The map provides tools that allow users to explore the information on the map and perform in silico simulations.
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9
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Meyer GA, Shen KC. A unique sarcopenic progression in the mouse rotator cuff. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:561-573. [PMID: 34708577 PMCID: PMC8818692 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to chronic injury, the muscles of the rotator cuff (RC) experience a unique degeneration characterized by extensive fatty infiltration and loss of contractile function. Human studies suggest this degeneration is also a feature of RC sarcopenia and may precede RC injury. In this study, we investigated whether RC muscles exhibit a similar unique sarcopenia in the mouse. METHODS Male and female mice were subdivided into four age groups: 3, 9, 18, and 24 months. The supraspinatus (SS) and infraspinatus muscles of the RC and the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of the hindlimb were assessed. Muscle mass, contractile function, fibre cross-sectional areas and numbers, fatty infiltration, and fibrosis were assessed at each time point. Targeted transcriptional analyses were performed to assess the role of metabolic and inflammatory derangement in the pathology. RESULTS The 24-month-aged female mice exhibited decreased mass (25% lower than at 9 and 18 months, P < 0.01) in all muscles tested. However, only RC muscles also exhibited decreased contractile tension at this time point (20% lower than at 18 months, P < 0.005). Similarly, only female RC muscles exhibited increased fatty infiltration at 24 months (20% higher than 9 months, P < 0.05) and had elevated transcriptional markers of adipogenesis (2.4-fold higher Pparg and 3.8-fold higher Adipoq expression compared with 9 months, P < 0.001). Unbiased metabolic transcriptional profiling identified up-regulation of the antigen presentation (Z scores of 2.3 and 1.9 for SS and TA, respectively) and cytokine and chemokine signalling (Z scores of 3.1 and 2.4 for SS and TA, respectively) pathways in 24 month female muscle compared with 9. Further transcriptional analysis supported increased expression of pro-adipogenic inflammatory signals (6.3-fold increase in Il6 and 5.0-fold increase in Anxa2, P < 0.01) and increased presence of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (2.5-fold) in the 24-month-aged female RC compared with 9 months that together exacerbate fatty infiltration. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that female mice replicate the unique sarcopenic pathology in the ageing human RC. Furthermore, they suggest that the exacerbated fatty infiltration is due to an interaction between higher resident fibro-adipogenic progenitor numbers and an elevated systemic inflammation in aged female mice. We conclude that female mouse RC muscle is a novel system to study both human RC degeneration and the signals that regulate sarcopenic fatty infiltration in general, which is prevalent in humans but largely absent from the rodent hindlimb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen A Meyer
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Neurology and Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Karen C Shen
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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10
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Martins VF, LaBarge SA, Stanley A, Svensson K, Hung CW, Keinan O, Ciaraldi TP, Banoian D, Park JE, Ha C, Hetrick B, Meyer GA, Philp A, David LL, Henry RR, Aslan JE, Saltiel AR, McCurdy CE, Schenk S. p300 or CBP is required for insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipocytes. JCI Insight 2021; 7:141344. [PMID: 34813504 PMCID: PMC8765050 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.141344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
While current thinking posits that insulin signaling to GLUT4 exocytic translocation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle and adipocytes is controlled by phosphorylation-based signaling, many proteins in this pathway are acetylated on lysine residues. However, the importance of acetylation and lysine acetyltransferases to insulin-stimulated glucose uptake is incompletely defined. Here, we demonstrate that combined loss of the acetyltransferases E1A binding protein p300 (p300) and cAMP response element binding protein binding protein (CBP) in mouse skeletal muscle causes a complete loss of insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Similarly, brief (i.e. 1 h) pharmacological inhibition of p300/CBP acetyltransferase activity recapitulates this phenotype in human and rodent myotubes, 3T3-L1 adipocytes, and mouse muscle. Mechanistically, these effects are due to p300/CBP-mediated regulation of GLUT4 exocytic translocation and occurs downstream of Akt signaling. Taken together, we highlight a fundamental role for acetylation and p300/CBP in the direct regulation of insulin-stimulated glucose transport in skeletal muscle and adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vitor F Martins
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Samuel A LaBarge
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Alexandra Stanley
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Kristoffer Svensson
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Chao-Wei Hung
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Omer Keinan
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Theodore P Ciaraldi
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Dion Banoian
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Ji E Park
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Christina Ha
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Byron Hetrick
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, United States of America
| | - Gretchen A Meyer
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, United States of America
| | - Andrew Philp
- Mitochondrial Metabolism and Ageing, Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Darlinghurst, Australia
| | - Larry L David
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
| | - Robert R Henry
- Division of Endocrinology & Metabolism, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, United States of America
| | - Joseph E Aslan
- Knight Cardiovascular Institute, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, United States of America
| | - Alan R Saltiel
- University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
| | - Carrie E McCurdy
- Department of Human Physiology, University of Oregon, Eugene, United States of America
| | - Simon Schenk
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, United States of America
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11
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Dowling P, Gargan S, Murphy S, Zweyer M, Sabir H, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. The Dystrophin Node as Integrator of Cytoskeletal Organization, Lateral Force Transmission, Fiber Stability and Cellular Signaling in Skeletal Muscle. Proteomes 2021; 9:9. [PMID: 33540575 PMCID: PMC7931087 DOI: 10.3390/proteomes9010009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The systematic bioanalytical characterization of the protein product of the DMD gene, which is defective in the pediatric disorder Duchenne muscular dystrophy, led to the discovery of the membrane cytoskeletal protein dystrophin. Its full-length muscle isoform Dp427-M is tightly linked to a sarcolemma-associated complex consisting of dystroglycans, sarcoglyans, sarcospan, dystrobrevins and syntrophins. Besides these core members of the dystrophin-glycoprotein complex, the wider dystrophin-associated network includes key proteins belonging to the intracellular cytoskeleton and microtubular assembly, the basal lamina and extracellular matrix, various plasma membrane proteins and cytosolic components. Here, we review the central role of the dystrophin complex as a master node in muscle fibers that integrates cytoskeletal organization and cellular signaling at the muscle periphery, as well as providing sarcolemmal stabilization and contractile force transmission to the extracellular region. The combination of optimized tissue extraction, subcellular fractionation, advanced protein co-purification strategies, immunoprecipitation, liquid chromatography and two-dimensional gel electrophoresis with modern mass spectrometry-based proteomics has confirmed the composition of the core dystrophin complex at the sarcolemma membrane. Importantly, these biochemical and mass spectrometric surveys have identified additional members of the wider dystrophin network including biglycan, cavin, synemin, desmoglein, tubulin, plakoglobin, cytokeratin and a variety of signaling proteins and ion channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (P.D.); (S.G.)
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Stephen Gargan
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (P.D.); (S.G.)
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Sandra Murphy
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Newcastle University Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne NE24HH, UK;
| | - Margit Zweyer
- Department of Neonatology and Paediatric Intensive Care, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, D53113 Bonn, Germany; (M.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Hemmen Sabir
- Department of Neonatology and Paediatric Intensive Care, Children’s Hospital, University of Bonn, D53113 Bonn, Germany; (M.Z.); (H.S.)
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, D53115 Bonn, Germany;
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, W23F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland; (P.D.); (S.G.)
- Kathleen Lonsdale Institute for Human Health Research, Maynooth University, W23F2H6 Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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12
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Yegorova S, Yegorov O, Ferreira LF. RNA-sequencing reveals transcriptional signature of pathological remodeling in the diaphragm of rats after myocardial infarction. Gene 2020; 770:145356. [PMID: 33333219 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2020.145356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The diaphragm is the main inspiratory muscle, and the chronic phase post-myocardial infarction (MI) is characterized by diaphragm morphological, contractile, and metabolic abnormalities. However, the mechanisms of diaphragm weakness are not fully understood. In the current study, we aimed to identify the transcriptome changes associated with diaphragm abnormalities in the chronic stage MI. We ligated the left coronary artery to cause MI in rats and performed RNA-sequencing (RNA-Seq) in diaphragm samples 16 weeks post-surgery. The sham group underwent thoracotomy and pericardiotomy but no artery ligation. We identified 112 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) out of a total of 9664 genes. Myocardial infarction upregulated and downregulated 42 and 70 genes, respectively. Analysis of DEGs in the framework of skeletal muscle-specific biological networks suggest remodeling in the neuromuscular junction, extracellular matrix, sarcomere, cytoskeleton, and changes in metabolism and iron homeostasis. Overall, the data are consistent with pathological remodeling of the diaphragm and reveal potential biological targets to prevent diaphragm weakness in the chronic stage MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana Yegorova
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Oleg Yegorov
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | - Leonardo F Ferreira
- Department of Applied Physiology and Kinesiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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13
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Besser RR, Bowles AC, Alassaf A, Carbonero D, Maciel R, Saporta M, Agarwal A. A Chemically Defined Common Medium for Culture of C2C12 Skeletal Muscle and Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cell Derived Spinal Spheroids. Cell Mol Bioeng 2020; 13:605-619. [PMID: 33281990 PMCID: PMC7704992 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-020-00624-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multicellular platforms and linked multi organ on chip devices are powerful tools for drug discovery, and basic mechanistic studies. Often, a critical constraint is defining a culture medium optimal for all cells present in the system. In this study, we focused on the key cells of the neuromuscular junction i.e., skeletal muscle and motor neurons. METHODS Formulation of a chemically defined medium for the co-culture of C2C12 skeletal muscle cells and human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derived spinal spheroids (SpS) was optimized. C2C12 cells in 10 experimental media conditions and 2 topographies were evaluated over a 14-day maturation period to determine the ideal medium formulation for skeletal muscle tissue development. RESULTS During early maturation, overexpression of genes for myogenesis and myopathy was observed for several media conditions, corresponding to muscle delamination and death. Together, we identified 3 media formulations that allowed for more controlled differentiation, healthier muscle tissue, and long-term culture duration. This evidence was then used to select media formulations to culture SpS and subsequently assessed axonal growth. As axonal growth in SpS cultures was comparable in all selected media conditions, our data suggest that the neuronal basal medium with no added supplements is the ideal medium formulation for both cell types. CONCLUSIONS Optimization using both topographical cues and culture media formulations provides a comprehensive analyses of culture conditions that are vital to future applications for in vitro NMJ models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel R. Besser
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Dr, MEA 203, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA
| | - Annie C. Bowles
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Dr, MEA 203, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA
| | - Ahmad Alassaf
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Dr, MEA 203, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA
- Department of Medical Equipment Technology, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Majmaah University, Al-Majmaah, 11952 Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniel Carbonero
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Dr, MEA 203, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA
| | - Renata Maciel
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th St, Suite 1310, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Mario Saporta
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, 1120 NW 14th St, Suite 1310, Miami, FL 33136 USA
| | - Ashutosh Agarwal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, DJTMF Biomedical Nanotechnology Institute, University of Miami, 1251 Memorial Dr, MEA 203, Coral Gables, FL 33146 USA
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14
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Stager M, Cheviron ZA. Is there a role for sarcolipin in avian facultative thermogenesis in extreme cold? Biol Lett 2020; 16:20200078. [PMID: 32516564 PMCID: PMC7336856 DOI: 10.1098/rsbl.2020.0078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Endotherms defend their body temperature in the cold by employing shivering (ST) and/or non-shivering thermogenesis (NST). Although NST is well documented in mammals, its importance to avian heat generation is unclear. Recent work points to a prominent role for the sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase (SERCA) in muscular NST. SERCA's involvement in both ST and NST, however, posits a tradeoff between these two heat-generating mechanisms. To explore this tradeoff, we assayed pectoralis gene expression of adult songbirds exposed to chronic temperature acclimations. Counter to mammal models, we found that cold-acclimated birds downregulated the expression of sarcolipin (SLN), a gene coding for a peptide that promotes heat generation by uncoupling SERCA Ca2+ transport from ATP hydrolysis, indicating a reduced potential for muscular NST. We also found differential expression of many genes involved in Ca2+ cycling and muscle contraction and propose that decreased SLN could promote increased pectoralis contractility for ST. Moreover, SLN transcript abundance negatively correlated with peak oxygen consumption under cold exposure (a proxy for ST) across individuals, and higher SLN transcript abundance escalated an individual's risk of hypothermia in acute cold. Our results therefore suggest that SLN-mediated NST may not be an important mechanism of-and could be a hindrance to-avian thermoregulation in extreme cold.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Stager
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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15
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Abbassi-Daloii T, Kan HE, Raz V, 't Hoen PAC. Recommendations for the analysis of gene expression data to identify intrinsic differences between similar tissues. Genomics 2020; 112:3157-3165. [PMID: 32479991 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2020.05.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Identifying genes involved in functional differences between similar tissues from expression profiles is challenging, because the expected differences in expression levels are small. To exemplify this challenge, we studied the expression profiles of two skeletal muscles, deltoid and biceps, in healthy individuals. We provide a series of guides and recommendations for the analysis of this type of studies. These include how to account for batch effects and inter-individual differences to optimize the detection of gene signatures associated with tissue function. We provide guidance on the selection of optimal settings for constructing gene co-expression networks through parameter sweeps of settings and calculation of the overlap with an established knowledge network. Our main recommendation is to use a combination of the data-driven approaches, such as differential gene expression analysis and gene co-expression network analysis, and hypothesis-driven approaches, such as gene set connectivity analysis. Accordingly, we detected differences in metabolic gene expression between deltoid and biceps that were supported by both data- and hypothesis-driven approaches. Finally, we provide a bioinformatic framework that support the biological interpretation of expression profiles from related tissues from this combination of approaches, which is available at github.com/tabbassidaloii/AnalysisFrameworkSimilarTissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hermien E Kan
- C.J. Gorter Center for High Field MRI, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Duchenne Center Netherlands, the Netherlands
| | - Vered Raz
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - P A C 't Hoen
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands; Centre for Molecular and Biomolecular Informatics, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center.
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16
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Bohnert KL, Hastings MK, Sinacore DR, Johnson JE, Klein SE, McCormick JJ, Gontarz P, Meyer GA. Skeletal Muscle Regeneration in Advanced Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy. Foot Ankle Int 2020; 41:536-548. [PMID: 32059624 PMCID: PMC8783612 DOI: 10.1177/1071100720907035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Decreased lean muscle mass in the lower extremity in diabetic peripheral neuropathy (DPN) is thought to contribute to altered joint loading, immobility, and disability. However, the mechanism behind this loss is unknown and could derive from a reduction in size of myofibers (atrophy), destruction of myofibers (degeneration), or both. Degenerative changes require participation of muscle stem (satellite) cells to regenerate lost myofibers and restore lean mass. Determining the degenerative state and residual regenerative capacity of DPN muscle will inform the utility of regeneration-targeted therapeutic strategies. METHODS Biopsies were acquired from 2 muscles in 12 individuals with and without diabetic neuropathy undergoing below-knee amputation surgery. Biopsies were subdivided for histological analysis, transcriptional profiling, and satellite cell isolation and culture. RESULTS Histological analysis revealed evidence of ongoing degeneration and regeneration in DPN muscles. Transcriptional profiling supports these findings, indicating significant upregulation of regeneration-related pathways. However, regeneration appeared to be limited in samples exhibiting the most severe structural pathology as only extremely small, immature regenerated myofibers were found. Immunostaining for satellite cells revealed a significant decrease in their relative frequency only in the subset with severe pathology. Similarly, a reduction in fusion in cultured satellite cells in this group suggests impairment in regenerative capacity in severe DPN pathology. CONCLUSION DPN muscle exhibited features of degeneration with attempted regeneration. In the most severely pathological muscle samples, regeneration appeared to be stymied and our data suggest that this may be partly due to intrinsic dysfunction of the satellite cell pool in addition to extrinsic structural pathology (eg, nerve damage). CLINICAL RELEVANCE Restoration of DPN muscle function for improved mobility and physical activity is a goal of surgical and rehabilitation clinicians. Identifying myofiber degeneration and compromised regeneration as contributors to dysfunction suggests that adjuvant cell-based therapies may improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mary K. Hastings
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David R. Sinacore
- Department of Physical Therapy, High Point University, High Point, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey E. Johnson
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sandra E. Klein
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeremy J. McCormick
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Paul Gontarz
- Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gretchen A. Meyer
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Departments of Neurology and Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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17
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A focused review of myokines as a potential contributor to muscle hypertrophy from resistance-based exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 2020; 120:941-959. [PMID: 32144492 DOI: 10.1007/s00421-020-04337-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Resistance exercise induces muscle growth and is an important treatment for age-related losses in muscle mass and strength. Myokines are hypothesized as a signal conveying physiological information to skeletal muscle, possibly to "fine-tune" other regulatory pathways. While myokines are released from skeletal muscle following contraction, their role in increasing muscle mass and strength in response to resistance exercise or training is not established. Recent research identified both local and systemic release of myokines after an acute bout of resistance exercise. However, it is not known whether myokines with putative anabolic function are mechanistically involved in producing muscle hypertrophy after resistance exercise. Further, nitric oxide (NO), an important mediator of muscle stem cell activation, upregulates the expression of certain myokine genes in skeletal muscle. METHOD In the systemic context of complex hypertrophic signaling, this review: (1) summarizes literature on several well-recognized, representative myokines with anabolic potential; (2) explores the potential mechanistic role of myokines in skeletal muscle hypertrophy; and (3) identifies future research required to advance our understanding of myokine anabolism specifically in skeletal muscle. RESULT This review establishes a link between myokines and NO production, and emphasizes the importance of considering systemic release of potential anabolic myokines during resistance exercise as complementary to other signals that promote hypertrophy. CONCLUSION Investigating adaptations to resistance exercise in aging opens a novel avenue of interdisciplinary research into myokines and NO metabolites during resistance exercise, with the longer-term goal to improve muscle health in daily living, aging, and rehabilitation.
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18
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Diniz WJDS, Banerjee P, Regitano LCA. Cross talk between mineral metabolism and meat quality: a systems biology overview. Physiol Genomics 2019; 51:529-538. [PMID: 31545932 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00072.2019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat quality has an inherent complexity because of the multiple interrelated causative factors and layers of feedback regulation. Understanding the key factors and their interactions has been challenging, despite the availability of remarkable high-throughput tools and techniques that have provided insights on muscle metabolism and the genetic basis of meat quality. Likewise, we have deepened our knowledge about mineral metabolism and its role in cell functioning. Regardless of these facts, complex traits like mineral content and meat quality have been studied under reductionist approaches. However, as these phenotypes arise from complex interactions among different biological layers (genome, transcriptome, proteome, epigenome, etc.), along with environmental effects, a holistic view and systemic-level understanding of the genetic basis of complex phenotypes are in demand. Based on the state of the art, we addressed some of the questions regarding the interdependence of meat quality traits and mineral content. Furthermore, we sought to highlight potential regulatory mechanisms arising from the genes, miRNAs, and mineral interactions, as well as the pathways modulated by this interplay affecting muscle, mineral metabolism, and meat quality. By answering these questions, we did not intend to give an exhaustive review but to identify the key biological points, the challenges, and benefits of integrative genomic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellison J da Silva Diniz
- Center for Biological and Health Sciences (CCBS), Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Luciana C A Regitano
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, São Carlos, São Paulo, Brazil
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19
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Murphy S, Zweyer M, Raucamp M, Henry M, Meleady P, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic profiling of the mouse diaphragm and refined mass spectrometric analysis of the dystrophic phenotype. J Muscle Res Cell Motil 2019; 40:9-28. [PMID: 30888583 DOI: 10.1007/s10974-019-09507-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Accepted: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The diaphragm is a crucial muscle involved in active inspiration and whole body homeostasis. Previous biochemical, immunochemical and cell biological investigations have established the distribution and fibre type-specific expression of key diaphragm proteins. Building on these findings, it was of interest to establish the entire experimentally assessable diaphragm proteome and verify the presence of specific protein isoforms within this specialized subtype of skeletal muscle. A highly sensitive Orbitrap Fusion Tribrid mass spectrometer was used for the systematic identification of the mouse diaphragm-associated protein population. Proteomics established 2925 proteins by high confidence peptide identification. Bioinformatics was used to determine the distribution of the main protein classes, biological processes and subcellular localization within the diaphragm proteome. Following the establishment of the respiratory muscle proteome with special emphasis on protein isoform expression in the contractile apparatus, the extra-sarcomeric cytoskeleton, the extracellular matrix and the excitation-contraction coupling apparatus, the mass spectrometric analysis of the diaphragm was extended to the refined identification of proteome-wide changes in X-linked muscular dystrophy. The comparative mass spectrometric profiling of the dystrophin-deficient diaphragm from the mdx-4cv mouse model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy identified 289 decreased and 468 increased protein species. Bioinformatics was employed to analyse the clustering of changes in protein classes and potential alterations in interaction patterns of proteins involved in metabolism, the contractile apparatus, proteostasis and the extracellular matrix. The detailed pathoproteomic profiling of the mdx-4cv diaphragm suggests highly complex alterations in a variety of crucial cellular processes due to deficiency in the membrane cytoskeletal protein dystrophin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Murphy
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.,Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Margit Zweyer
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Maren Raucamp
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Henry
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Paula Meleady
- National Institute for Cellular Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Dieter Swandulla
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, 53115, Bonn, Germany
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland.
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20
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Diniz WJS, Mazzoni G, Coutinho LL, Banerjee P, Geistlinger L, Cesar ASM, Bertolini F, Afonso J, de Oliveira PSN, Tizioto PC, Kadarmideen HN, Regitano LCA. Detection of Co-expressed Pathway Modules Associated With Mineral Concentration and Meat Quality in Nelore Cattle. Front Genet 2019; 10:210. [PMID: 30930938 PMCID: PMC6424907 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Meat quality is a complex trait that is influenced by genetic and environmental factors, which includes mineral concentration. However, the association between mineral concentration and meat quality, and the specific molecular pathways underlying this association, are not well explored. We therefore analyzed gene expression as measured with RNA-seq in Longissimus thoracis muscle of 194 Nelore steers for association with three meat quality traits (intramuscular fat, meat pH, and tenderness) and the concentration of 13 minerals (Ca, Cr, Co, Cu, Fe, K, Mg, Mn, Na, P, S, Se, and Zn). We identified seven sets of co-expressed genes (modules) associated with at least two traits, which indicates that common pathways influence these traits. From pathway analysis of module hub genes, we further found an over-representation for energy and protein metabolism (AMPK and mTOR signaling pathways) in addition to muscle growth, and protein turnover pathways. Among the identified hub genes FASN, ELOV5, and PDE3B are involved with lipid metabolism and were affected by previously identified eQTLs associated to fat deposition. The reported hub genes and over-represented pathways provide evidence of interplay among gene expression, mineral concentration, and meat quality traits. Future studies investigating the effect of different levels of mineral supplementation in the gene expression and meat quality traits could help us to elucidate the regulatory mechanism by which the genes/pathways are affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wellison J S Diniz
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil.,Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.,Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gianluca Mazzoni
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Luiz L Coutinho
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Priyanka Banerjee
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ludwig Geistlinger
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, São Paulo, Brazil.,Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, The City University of New York, New York, NY, United States
| | - Aline S M Cesar
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Francesca Bertolini
- Department of Aquaculture, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Juliana Afonso
- Department of Genetics and Evolution, Federal University of São Carlos, São Carlos, Brazil
| | | | - Polyana C Tizioto
- Department of Animal Science, Luiz de Queiroz College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Piracicaba, Brazil
| | - Haja N Kadarmideen
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Computer Science, Technical University of Denmark, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Luciana C A Regitano
- Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária, São Paulo, Brazil
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21
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Murphy S, Dowling P, Zweyer M, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic profiling of giant skeletal muscle proteins. Expert Rev Proteomics 2019; 16:241-256. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2019.1575205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Murphy
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
- Newcastle Fibrosis Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Margit Zweyer
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
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22
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Li XX, Zhang SJ, Chiu AP, Lo LH, To JC, Cui HN, Rowlands DK, Keng VW. Conditional Inactivation of Nf1 and Pten in Schwann Cells Results in Abnormal Neuromuscular Junction Maturation. G3 (BETHESDA, MD.) 2019; 9:297-303. [PMID: 30478082 PMCID: PMC6325916 DOI: 10.1534/g3.118.200795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2018] [Accepted: 11/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The neuromuscular junction (NMJ) consists of three components, namely presynaptic motor neurons, postsynaptic muscle fibers and perisynaptic Schwann cells (PSCs). The role of Schwann cells (SCs) in regulating NMJ structural and functional development remains unclear. In this study, mice with conditional inactivation of neurofibromin 1 (Nf1) and phosphatase and tensin homolog (Pten), specifically in SCs, resulted in delayed NMJ maturation that led to delayed muscle growth, recapitulating the muscular dystrophy condition observed in human neurofibromatosis type I syndrome (NF1) patients. Expression levels of NMJ development related molecules such as cholinergic receptor, nicotinic, alpha polypeptide 1 (Chrna1), agrin (Agrn), dystrophin, muscular dystrophy (Dmd), laminin, beta 2 (Lamb2) and dystroglycan 1 (Dag1) were also downregulated. To further explore the molecular alterations in these SCs, NF1- and PTEN-related pathways were analyzed in mutant sciatic nerves. As expected, hyperactive RAS/PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathways were identified, suggesting the importance of these pathways for NMJ development, and subsequent muscle maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiao Li
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Shi-Jie Zhang
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Amy P Chiu
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Lilian H Lo
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Jeffery C To
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - He-Ning Cui
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Dewi K Rowlands
- Laboratory Animal Services Centre, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Vincent W Keng
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
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23
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Mohandas N, Bass-Stringer S, Maksimovic J, Crompton K, Loke YJ, Walstab J, Reid SM, Amor DJ, Reddihough D, Craig JM. Epigenome-wide analysis in newborn blood spots from monozygotic twins discordant for cerebral palsy reveals consistent regional differences in DNA methylation. Clin Epigenetics 2018; 10:25. [PMID: 29484035 PMCID: PMC5824607 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-018-0457-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cerebral palsy (CP) is a clinical description for a group of motor disorders that are heterogeneous with respect to causes, symptoms and severity. A diagnosis of CP cannot usually be made at birth and in some cases may be delayed until 2–3 years of age. This limits opportunities for early intervention that could otherwise improve long-term outcomes. CP has been recorded in monozygotic twins discordant for the disorder, indicating a potential role of non-genetic factors such as intrauterine infection, hypoxia-ischaemia, haemorrhage and thrombosis. The aim of this exploratory study was to utilise the discordant monozygotic twin model to understand and measure epigenetic changes associated with the development of CP. Methods We performed a genome-wide analysis of DNA methylation using the Illumina Infinium Human Methylation 450 BeadChip array with DNA from newborn blood spots of 15 monozygotic twin pairs who later became discordant for CP. Quality control and data preprocessing were undertaken using the minfi R package. Differential methylation analysis was performed using the remove unwanted variation (RUVm) method, taking twin pairing into account in order to identify CP-specific differentially methylated probes (DMPs), and bumphunter was performed to identify differentially methylated regions (DMRs). Results We identified 33 top-ranked DMPs based on a nominal p value cut-off of p < 1 × 10−4 and two DMRs (p < 1 × 10−3) associated with CP. The top-ranked probes related to 25 genes including HNRNPL, RASSF5, CD3D and KALRN involved in immune signalling pathways, in addition to TBC1D24, FBXO9 and VIPR2 previously linked to epileptic encephalopathy. Gene ontology and pathway analysis of top-ranked DMP-associated genes revealed enrichment of inflammatory signalling pathways, regulation of cytokine secretion and regulation of leukocyte-mediated immunity. We also identified two top-ranked DMRs including one on chromosome 6 within the promoter region of LTA gene encoding tumour necrosis factor-beta (TNF-β), an important regulator of inflammation and brain development. The second was within the transcription start site of the LIME1 gene, which plays a key role in inflammatory pathways such as MAPK signalling. CP-specific differential DNA methylation within one of our two top DMRs was validated using an independent platform, MassArray EpiTyper. Conclusions Ours is the first epigenome-wide association study of CP in disease-discordant monozygotic twin pairs and suggests a potential role for immune dysfunction in this condition. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13148-018-0457-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Namitha Mohandas
- Environmental and Genetic Epidemiology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia.,2Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Sebastian Bass-Stringer
- Environmental and Genetic Epidemiology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Jovana Maksimovic
- 2Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia.,Bioinformatics Group, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Kylie Crompton
- 2Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia.,4Developmental Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia.,5Neurodevelopment and Disability, The Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Yuk J Loke
- Environmental and Genetic Epidemiology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Janet Walstab
- 2Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia.,4Developmental Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Susan M Reid
- 2Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia.,4Developmental Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia.,5Neurodevelopment and Disability, The Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - David J Amor
- 2Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia.,4Developmental Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia.,5Neurodevelopment and Disability, The Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Dinah Reddihough
- 2Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia.,4Developmental Disability and Rehabilitation Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia.,5Neurodevelopment and Disability, The Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia
| | - Jeffrey M Craig
- Environmental and Genetic Epidemiology Research, Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Royal Children's Hospital, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia.,2Department of Paediatrics, The University of Melbourne, Flemington Road, Parkville, Victoria 3052 Australia.,6Centre for Molecular and Medical Research, School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria 3220 Australia
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24
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Murphy S, Zweyer M, Mundegar RR, Swandulla D, Ohlendieck K. Proteomic serum biomarkers for neuromuscular diseases. Expert Rev Proteomics 2018; 15:277-291. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2018.1429923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Murphy
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
| | - Margit Zweyer
- Department of Physiology II, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Ireland
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25
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The histone code reader Spin1 controls skeletal muscle development. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3173. [PMID: 29168801 PMCID: PMC5775400 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
While several studies correlated increased expression of the histone code reader Spin1 with tumor formation or growth, little is known about physiological functions of the protein. We generated Spin1M5 mice with ablation of Spin1 in myoblast precursors using the Myf5-Cre deleter strain. Most Spin1M5 mice die shortly after birth displaying severe sarcomere disorganization and necrosis. Surviving Spin1M5 mice are growth-retarded and exhibit the most prominent defects in soleus, tibialis anterior, and diaphragm muscle. Transcriptome analyses of limb muscle at embryonic day (E) 15.5, E16.5, and at three weeks of age provided evidence for aberrant fetal myogenesis and identified deregulated skeletal muscle (SkM) functional networks. Determination of genome-wide chromatin occupancy in primary myoblast revealed direct Spin1 target genes and suggested that deregulated basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor networks account for developmental defects in Spin1M5 fetuses. Furthermore, correlating histological and transcriptome analyses, we show that aberrant expression of titin-associated proteins, abnormal glycogen metabolism, and neuromuscular junction defects contribute to SkM pathology in Spin1M5 mice. Together, we describe the first example of a histone code reader controlling SkM development in mice, which hints at Spin1 as a potential player in human SkM disease.
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26
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Ward SR, Minamoto VB, Suzuki KP, Hulst JB, Bremner SN, Lieber RL. Recovery of rat muscle size but not function more than 1 year after a single botulinum toxin injection. Muscle Nerve 2017; 57:435-441. [PMID: 28556093 DOI: 10.1002/mus.25707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neurotoxin injection is used to treat a wide variety of neuromuscular disorders. The purpose of this study was to measure the functional and structural properties of botulinum toxin-injected adult rat skeletal muscle over nearly the entire lifespan. METHODS Ten groups of animals were subjected to either neurotoxin injection [Botox, Type A (BT-A); Allergan, Irvine, California] or saline solution injection. Neurotoxin-injected animals (n = 90) were analyzed at different time-points: 1 week; 1 month; 3 months; 6 months; 12 months; or 18 months. RESULTS In spite of the recovery of structural features, such as muscle mass and fiber area, dorsiflexion torque production remained significantly depressed by 25%, even at 12 months after neurotoxin injection. DISCUSSION The data demonstrate that, after a single BT-A injection, although gross muscle morphology recovered over a 12-month time period, loss of contractile function did not recover. Muscle Nerve 57: 435-441, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel R Ward
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Viviane B Minamoto
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Kentaro P Suzuki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Jonah B Hulst
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shannon N Bremner
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Richard L Lieber
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA.,Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, 345 East Superior Street, Chicago, Illinois, 60611, USA
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27
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Rader EP, Naimo MA, Ensey J, Baker BA. Agonist muscle adaptation accompanied by antagonist muscle atrophy in the hindlimb of mice following stretch-shortening contraction training. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 2017; 18:60. [PMID: 28148306 PMCID: PMC5288976 DOI: 10.1186/s12891-017-1397-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The vast majority of dynamometer-based animal models for investigation of the response to chronic muscle contraction exposure has been limited to analysis of isometric, lengthening, or shortening contractions in isolation. An exception to this has been the utilization of a rat model to study stretch-shortening contractions (SSCs), a sequence of consecutive isometric, lengthening, and shortening contractions common during daily activity and resistance-type exercise. However, the availability of diverse genetic strains of rats is limited. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to develop a dynamometer-based SSC training protocol to induce increased muscle mass and performance in plantarflexor muscles of mice. Methods Young (3 months old) C57BL/6 mice were subjected to 1 month of plantarflexion SSC training. Hindlimb muscles were analyzed for muscle mass, quantitative morphology, myogenesis/myopathy relevant gene expression, and fiber type distribution. Results The main aim of the research was achieved when training induced a 2-fold increase in plantarflexion peak torque output and a 19% increase in muscle mass for the agonist plantaris (PLT) muscle. In establishing this model, several outcomes emerged which raised the value of the model past that of being a mere recapitulation of the rat model. An increase in the number of muscle fibers per transverse muscle section accounted for the PLT muscle mass gain while the antagonist tibialis anterior (TA) muscle atrophied by 30% with preferential atrophy of type IIb and IIx fibers. These alterations were accompanied by distinct gene expression profiles. Conclusions The findings confirm the development of a stretch-shortening contraction training model for the PLT muscle of mice and demonstrate that increased cross-sectional fiber number can occur following high-intensity SSC training. Furthermore, the TA muscle atrophy provides direct evidence for the concept of muscle imbalance in phasic non-weight bearing muscles, a concept largely characterized based on clinical observation of patients. The susceptibility to this imbalance is demonstrated to be selective for the type IIb and IIx muscle fiber types. Overall, the study highlights the importance of considering muscle fiber number modulation and the effect of training on surrounding muscles in exercise comprised of SSCs. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12891-017-1397-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik P Rader
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, MS L3014, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, USA.
| | - Marshall A Naimo
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, MS L3014, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, USA.,West Virginia University School of Medicine, Division of Exercise Physiology, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - James Ensey
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, MS L3014, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, USA
| | - Brent A Baker
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, MS L3014, 1095 Willowdale Rd, Morgantown, West Virginia, 26505, USA
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28
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Lustgarten MS, Price LL, Fielding RA. Analytes and Metabolites Associated with Muscle Quality in Young, Healthy Adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc 2016; 47:1659-64. [PMID: 25412292 DOI: 10.1249/mss.0000000000000578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Identification of mechanisms that underlie lower extremity muscle quality (leg press one repetition maximum/total lean mass; LP/Lean) may be important for individuals interested in optimizing fitness and sport performance. The purpose of the current study was to provide observational insight into mechanisms that may underlie muscle quality by characterizing the association between 286 mass spectrometry metabolites and 17 chemistry screen analytes with LP/Lean in young, healthy adults (N = 77 (49 women and 28 men); mean age, 24.4 ± 4.2 yr; BMI, 23.5 ± 2.6 kg·m). METHODS Principal components analysis (PCA) was used to reduce the 286 metabolites into 73 metabolite-containing PCA factors. Sex-adjusted linear regression was used to examine the association between PCA factors and chemistry screen analytes with LP/Lean. Q values were computed to account for multiple comparison testing. Stepwise linear regression and leave-one-out cross validation were used to identify a predictor set representative of LP/Lean and to assess internal validity, respectively. RESULTS Metabolites or analytes related to dietary protein intake (albumin, branched-chain amino acids (BCAA)) and excitation-contraction coupling (calcium and magnesium) were positively associated, whereas metabolites related to gut bacterial metabolism (cinnamoylglycine, hydrocinnamate, hippurate, indolepropionate) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-alpha (PPAR-α) (methylglutarylcarnitine and cinnamoylglycine) activation were negatively associated with LP/Lean. Use of leave-one-out cross validation identified magnesium, sex, and the PCA factors containing BCAAs and methionine and methylglutarylcarnitine to be present in more than 90% of the stepwise regression models, thereby explaining 26.7% of the variance (adjusted R) inherent in muscle quality. CONCLUSION Collectively, these data suggest that mechanisms related to dietary protein intake, excitation-contraction coupling, gut microbial metabolism, and PPAR-α activation may underlie lower extremity muscle quality in young, healthy adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Lustgarten
- 1Nutrition, Exercise Physiology, and Sarcopenia Laboratory, Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center, Tufts University, Boston, MA, and 2Biostatistics Research Center, Institute for Clinical Research and Health Policy Studies, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, MA
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29
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Santago AC, Vidt ME, Tuohy CJ, Poehling GG, Freehill MT, Jordan JH, Kraft RA, Saul KR. Quantitative Analysis of Three-Dimensional Distribution and Clustering of Intramuscular Fat in Muscles of the Rotator Cuff. Ann Biomed Eng 2015; 44:2158-67. [PMID: 26514349 DOI: 10.1007/s10439-015-1488-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to (1) develop and present a technique to quantitatively assess three-dimensional distribution and clustering of intramuscular fat and (2) use the technique to compare spatial characteristics of intramuscular fat in rotator cuff muscles of older adults with and without a supraspinatus tear. Moran's Index (I), an existing quantitative measure of clustering, was extended for use with MRI to allow comparisons across individuals with different size muscles. Sixteen older adults (>60 years) with (N = 6) and without (N = 10) a degenerative supraspinatus tear participated. Following 3D Dixon MRIs of the shoulder, which separates fat from water, rotator cuff muscles were segmented and sectioned and fat% and Moran's I were calculated to assess distribution and clustering, respectively. Moran's I ranged was 0.40-0.92 and 0.39-0.76 for the tear and control subjects, respectively. Compared to uninjured controls, tear subjects demonstrated increased fat distribution (p = 0.036) and clustering (p = 0.020) distally in the supraspinatus. Tear subjects had more pronounced distribution (p < 0.001) and clustering distally (p < 0.001) than proximally. Other rotator cuff muscles exhibited different patterns of fat clustering and distribution. This technique, which we applied to quantify spatial characteristics of intramuscular fat, can be applied to assess clustering of fat in other pathologies and tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony C Santago
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Drive, Engineering Building 3, Campus Box 7910, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7910, USA.
| | - Meghan E Vidt
- Department of Kinesiology, University of Waterloo, Waterloo, ON, Canada
| | - Christopher J Tuohy
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Gary G Poehling
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Michael T Freehill
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Jennifer H Jordan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section on Cardiovascular Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Robert A Kraft
- Virginia Tech-Wake Forest School of Biomedical Engineering and Sciences, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Katherine R Saul
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, North Carolina State University, 911 Oval Drive, Engineering Building 3, Campus Box 7910, Raleigh, NC, 27695-7910, USA
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Holland A, Murphy S, Dowling P, Ohlendieck K. Pathoproteomic profiling of the skeletal muscle matrisome in dystrophinopathy associated myofibrosis. Proteomics 2015; 16:345-66. [PMID: 26256116 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.201500158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The gradual accumulation of collagen and associated proteins of the extracellular matrix is a crucial myopathological parameter of many neuromuscular disorders. Progressive tissue damage and fibrosis play a key pathobiochemical role in the dysregulation of contractile functions and often correlates with poor motor outcome in muscular dystrophies. Following a brief introduction into the role of the extracellular matrix in skeletal muscles, we review here the proteomic profiling of myofibrosis and its intrinsic role in X-linked muscular dystrophy. Although Duchenne muscular dystrophy is primarily a disease of the membrane cytoskeleton, one of its most striking histopathological features is a hyperactive connective tissue and tissue scarring. We outline the identification of novel factors involved in the modulation of the extracellular matrix in muscular dystrophy, such as matricellular proteins. The establishment of novel proteomic markers will be helpful in improving the diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy monitoring in relation to fibrotic substitution of contractile tissue. In the future, the prevention of fibrosis will be crucial for providing optimum conditions to apply novel pharmacological treatments, as well as establish cell-based approaches or gene therapeutic interventions. The elimination of secondary abnormalities in the matrisome promises to reduce tissue scarring and the loss of skeletal muscle elasticity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashling Holland
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Sandra Murphy
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Paul Dowling
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
| | - Kay Ohlendieck
- Department of Biology, Maynooth University, National University of Ireland, Maynooth, Co. Kildare, Ireland
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31
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Min CH, Wang Y, Bae J, Han JH, Sohn UD. The Inhibitory Mechanism of Gentamicin on Electrical Field Stimulation Response in Rat Bladder Smooth Muscle. THE KOREAN JOURNAL OF PHYSIOLOGY & PHARMACOLOGY : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE KOREAN PHYSIOLOGICAL SOCIETY AND THE KOREAN SOCIETY OF PHARMACOLOGY 2015; 19:473-8. [PMID: 26330761 PMCID: PMC4553408 DOI: 10.4196/kjpp.2015.19.5.473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2015] [Revised: 07/27/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
To see the inhibitory mechanism of gentamicin in response to electrical field stimulation (EFS) using the rat bladder smooth muscle, atropine or guanethidine was treated but had no effect. Methylsergide, a non-selective 5-HT1, 5-HT2 receptor antagonist was also treated but had on effect. Kinase inhibitors, such as chelerythrine (PKC inhibitor), ML-9 (MLCK inhibitor), or Y27632 (rho kinase inhibitor) were pretreated before gentamicin treatment, but did not have effect. For U73122, a phospholipase C (PLC) inhibitor however, the inhibitory effect to gentamicin was significantly attenuated in all frequencies given by the EFS. Therefore gentamicin induced inhibitory effect on EFS response in rat bladder smooth muscle was not mediated by the activation of adrenergic, cholinergic, or serotonergic receptor. The inhibition of gentamicin might be mediated through the PLC dependent pathway, but not through the PKC, MLCK or rho kinase dependent pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Ho Min
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - YiYi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Jinhyung Bae
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Han
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
| | - Uy Dong Sohn
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 156-756, Korea
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32
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Suneja M, Fox DK, Fink BD, Herlein JA, Adams CM, Sivitz WI. Evidence for metabolic aberrations in asymptomatic persons with type 2 diabetes after initiation of simvastatin therapy. Transl Res 2015; 166:176-87. [PMID: 25683525 PMCID: PMC4509977 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 01/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxymethylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase inhibitors (statins) prevent vascular events and are widely prescribed, particularly in persons with type 2 diabetes. However, intolerability because of myopathic symptoms often limits their use. We investigated the effects of simvastatin on parameters of mitochondrial function and muscle gene expression in 11 subjects with type 2 diabetes, none of whom had statin intolerance. After withdrawal of statins for 2 months, we obtained blood samples, performed vastus lateralis muscle biopsies, and assessed whole body resting energy expenditure (REE). We then reinitiated therapy using simvastatin, 20 mg/d, for 1 month before repeating these studies. As expected, simvastatin lowered low-density lipoprotein, but did not induce myalgias or significant increases in serum creatine kinase. However, we found subtle but significant reductions in muscle citrate synthase activity and REE. In addition, quantitative polymerase chain reaction and gene set enrichment analysis of muscle samples revealed significantly repressed gene sets involved in mitochondrial function and induced gene sets involved in remodeling of the extracellular matrix. Furthermore, the effects of simvastatin on muscle gene sets showed some similarities to previously described changes that occur in Duchenne muscular dystrophy, polymyositis, and dermatomyositis. Although statins inhibit an early step in coenzyme Q (CoQ) biosynthesis, we observed no differences in CoQ content within skeletal muscle mitochondria, muscle tissue, or circulating platelets. In summary, we report subtle changes in whole body energetics, mitochondrial citrate synthase activity, and microarray data consistent with subclinical myopathy. Although the benefits of statin therapy are clear, further understanding of muscular perturbations should help guide safety and tolerability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manish Suneja
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City VA, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Daniel K Fox
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Brian D Fink
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City VA, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Judy A Herlein
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City VA, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Christopher M Adams
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa; Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City VA, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - William I Sivitz
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Iowa and the Iowa City Veterans Affairs Health Care System, Iowa City VA, Iowa City, Iowa.
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Gjevestad GO, Holven KB, Ulven SM. Effects of Exercise on Gene Expression of Inflammatory Markers in Human Peripheral Blood Cells: A Systematic Review. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2015; 9:34. [PMID: 26005511 PMCID: PMC4439514 DOI: 10.1007/s12170-015-0463-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Regular physical activity seems to be one of the most important contributors to prevent disease and promote health. Being physically active reduces the risk of developing chronic diseases such as cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and some types of cancers. The molecular mechanisms are however not fully elucidated. Depending on duration and intensity, exercise will cause disruption of muscle fibers triggering a temporary inflammatory response. This response may not only involve the muscle tissue, but also peripheral tissues such as white blood cells, which are important components of the immune system. The immune system plays a vital role in the development of atherosclerosis, thereby making white blood cells relevant to study when looking at molecular mechanisms induced by physical activity. In this review, we summarize the existing literature on exercise and gene expression in human white blood cells, and discuss these results in relation to inflammation and atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kirsten B Holven
- University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway ; Norwegian National Advisory Unit on Familial Hypercholesterolemia, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Stine M Ulven
- Oslo and Akershus University College of Applied Sciences, Oslo, Norway
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Rolighed L, Rejnmark L, Sikjaer T, Heickendorff L, Vestergaard P, Mosekilde L, Christiansen P. No beneficial effects of vitamin D supplementation on muscle function or quality of life in primary hyperparathyroidism: results from a randomized controlled trial. Eur J Endocrinol 2015; 172:609-17. [PMID: 25646406 DOI: 10.1530/eje-14-0940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Impairments of muscle function and strength in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) are rarely addressed, although decreased muscle function may contribute to increased fracture risk. OBJECTIVE We aimed to assess the changes in muscle strength, muscle function, postural stability, quality of life (QoL), and well-being during treatment with vitamin D or placebo before and after parathyroidectomy (PTX) in PHPT patients. DESIGN A randomized placebo-controlled trial. PATIENTS We included 46 PHPT patients, mean age 58 (range 29-77) years and 35 (76%) were women. INTERVENTIONS Daily treatment with 70 μg (2800 IU) cholecalciferol or placebo for 52 weeks. Treatment was administered 26 weeks before PTX and continued for 26 weeks after PTX. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Changes in QoL and measures of muscle strength and function. RESULTS Preoperatively, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25OHD) increased significantly (50-94 nmol/l) compared with placebo (57-52 nmol/l). We did not measure any beneficial effects of supplementation with vitamin D compared with placebo regarding well-being, QoL, postural stability, muscle strength, or function. In all patients, we measured marked improvements in QoL, well-being (P<0.01), muscle strength in the knee flexion and extension (P<0.001), and muscle function tests (P<0.01) after surgical cure. Postural stability improved during standing with eyes closed (P<0.05), but decreased with eyes open (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS Patients with PHPT and 25OHD levels around 50 nmol/l did not benefit from vitamin D supplementation concerning muscle strength, muscle function, postural stability, well-being, or QoL. Independent of preoperative 25OHD levels, PTX improved these parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Rolighed
- Breast and Endocrine SectionDepartment of Surgery PDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Tage Hansens Gade 2, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryAarhus University Hospital, NBG, Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Clinical InstituteAalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lars Rejnmark
- Breast and Endocrine SectionDepartment of Surgery PDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Tage Hansens Gade 2, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryAarhus University Hospital, NBG, Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Clinical InstituteAalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Tanja Sikjaer
- Breast and Endocrine SectionDepartment of Surgery PDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Tage Hansens Gade 2, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryAarhus University Hospital, NBG, Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Clinical InstituteAalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Lene Heickendorff
- Breast and Endocrine SectionDepartment of Surgery PDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Tage Hansens Gade 2, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryAarhus University Hospital, NBG, Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Clinical InstituteAalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Peter Vestergaard
- Breast and Endocrine SectionDepartment of Surgery PDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Tage Hansens Gade 2, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryAarhus University Hospital, NBG, Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Clinical InstituteAalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark Breast and Endocrine SectionDepartment of Surgery PDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Tage Hansens Gade 2, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryAarhus University Hospital, NBG, Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Clinical InstituteAalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Leif Mosekilde
- Breast and Endocrine SectionDepartment of Surgery PDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Tage Hansens Gade 2, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryAarhus University Hospital, NBG, Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Clinical InstituteAalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Peer Christiansen
- Breast and Endocrine SectionDepartment of Surgery PDepartment of Endocrinology and Internal MedicineAarhus University Hospital, Tage Hansens Gade 2, 8000 Aarhus C, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical BiochemistryAarhus University Hospital, NBG, Aarhus, DenmarkDepartment of Endocrinology and Clinical InstituteAalborg University Hospital, Aalborg, Denmark
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Hyldahl RD, Nelson B, Xin L, Welling T, Groscost L, Hubal MJ, Chipkin S, Clarkson PM, Parcell AC. Extracellular matrix remodeling and its contribution to protective adaptation following lengthening contractions in human muscle. FASEB J 2015; 29:2894-904. [PMID: 25808538 DOI: 10.1096/fj.14-266668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This study determined the contribution of extracellular matrix (ECM) remodeling to the protective adaptation of human skeletal muscle known as the repeated-bout effect (RBE). Muscle biopsies were obtained 3 hours, 2 days, and 27 days following an initial bout (B1) of lengthening contractions (LCs) and 2 days following a repeated bout (B2) in 2 separate studies. Biopsies from the nonexercised legs served as controls. In the first study, global transcriptomic analysis indicated widespread changes in ECM structural, deadhesive, and signaling transcripts, 3 hours following LC. To determine if ECM remodeling is involved in the RBE, we conducted a second study by use of a repeated-bout paradigm. TNC immunoreactivity increased 10.8-fold following B1, was attenuated following B2, and positively correlated with LC-induced strength loss (r(2) = 0.45; P = 0.009). Expression of collagen I, III, and IV (COL1A1, COL3A1, COL4A1) transcripts was unchanged early but increased 5.7 ± 2.5-, 3.2 ± 0.9-, and 2.1 ± 0.4-fold (P < 0.05), respectively, 27 days post-B1 and were unaffected by B2. Likewise, TGF-β signaling demonstrated a delayed response following LC. Satellite cell content increased 80% (P < 0.05) 2 days post-B1 (P < 0.05), remained elevated 27 days post-B1, and was unaffected by B2. Collectively, the data suggest sequential ECM remodeling characterized by early deadhesion and delayed reconstructive activity that appear to contribute to the RBE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Hyldahl
- *Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA; Department of Natural Sciences, Ohio Dominican University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Brad Nelson
- *Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA; Department of Natural Sciences, Ohio Dominican University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Ling Xin
- *Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA; Department of Natural Sciences, Ohio Dominican University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Tyson Welling
- *Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA; Department of Natural Sciences, Ohio Dominican University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Logan Groscost
- *Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA; Department of Natural Sciences, Ohio Dominican University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Monica J Hubal
- *Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA; Department of Natural Sciences, Ohio Dominican University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Stuart Chipkin
- *Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA; Department of Natural Sciences, Ohio Dominican University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Priscilla M Clarkson
- *Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA; Department of Natural Sciences, Ohio Dominican University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Allen C Parcell
- *Department of Exercise Sciences, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA; Department of Natural Sciences, Ohio Dominican University, Columbus, Ohio, USA; Department of Kinesiology, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Massachusetts, USA; and Department of Integrative Systems Biology, George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA
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Lairmore MD, Ilkiw J. Animals Used in Research and Education, 1966-2016: Evolving Attitudes, Policies, and Relationships. JOURNAL OF VETERINARY MEDICAL EDUCATION 2015; 42:425-440. [PMID: 26673210 DOI: 10.3138/jvme.0615-087r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Since the inception of the Association of American Veterinary Medical Colleges (AAVMC), the use of animals in research and education has been a central element of the programs of member institutions. As veterinary education and research programs have evolved over the past 50 years, so too have societal views and regulatory policies. AAVMC member institutions have continually responded to these events by exchanging best practices in training their students in the framework of comparative medicine and the needs of society. Animals provide students and faculty with the tools to learn the fundamental knowledge and skills of veterinary medicine and scientific discovery. The study of animal models has contributed extensively to medicine, veterinary medicine, and basic sciences as these disciplines seek to understand life processes. Changing societal views over the past 50 years have provided active examination and continued refinement of the use of animals in veterinary medical education and research. The future use of animals to educate and train veterinarians will likely continue to evolve as technological advances are applied to experimental design and educational systems. Natural animal models of both human and animal health will undoubtedly continue to serve a significant role in the education of veterinarians and in the development of new treatments of animal and human disease. As it looks to the future, the AAVMC as an organization will need to continue to support and promote best practices in the humane care and appropriate use of animals in both education and research.
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MESH Headings
- Animal Experimentation/history
- Animal Experimentation/legislation & jurisprudence
- Animal Use Alternatives/history
- Animal Use Alternatives/legislation & jurisprudence
- Animal Use Alternatives/trends
- Animal Welfare/history
- Animal Welfare/legislation & jurisprudence
- Animals
- Animals, Laboratory
- Education, Veterinary/history
- Education, Veterinary/methods
- Education, Veterinary/trends
- History, 18th Century
- History, 19th Century
- History, 20th Century
- History, 21st Century
- History, Ancient
- Human-Animal Bond
- Humans
- Models, Animal
- United States
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Choo A, McCarthy M, Pichika R, Sato EJ, Lieber RL, Schenk S, Lane JG, Ward SR. Muscle gene expression patterns in human rotator cuff pathology. J Bone Joint Surg Am 2014; 96:1558-65. [PMID: 25232080 PMCID: PMC4159966 DOI: 10.2106/jbjs.m.01585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rotator cuff pathology is a common source of shoulder pain with variable etiology and pathoanatomical characteristics. Pathological processes of fatty infiltration, muscle atrophy, and fibrosis have all been invoked as causes for poor outcomes after rotator cuff tear repair. The aims of this study were to measure the expression of key genes associated with adipogenesis, myogenesis, and fibrosis in human rotator cuff muscle after injury and to compare the expression among groups of patients with varied severities of rotator cuff pathology. METHODS Biopsies of the supraspinatus muscle were obtained arthroscopically from twenty-seven patients in the following operative groups: bursitis (n = 10), tendinopathy (n = 7), full-thickness rotator cuff tear (n = 8), and massive rotator cuff tear (n = 2). Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was performed to characterize gene expression pathways involved in myogenesis, adipogenesis, and fibrosis. RESULTS Patients with a massive tear demonstrated downregulation of the fibrogenic, adipogenic, and myogenic genes, indicating that the muscle was not in a state of active change and may have difficulty responding to stimuli. Patients with a full-thickness tear showed upregulation of fibrotic and adipogenic genes; at the tissue level, these correspond to the pathologies most detrimental to outcomes of surgical repair. Patients with bursitis or tendinopathy still expressed myogenic genes, indicating that the muscle may be attempting to accommodate the mechanical deficiencies induced by the tendon tear. CONCLUSIONS Gene expression in human rotator cuff muscles varied according to tendon injury severity. Patients with bursitis and tendinopathy appeared to be expressing pro-myogenic genes, whereas patients with a full-thickness tear were expressing genes associated with fatty atrophy and fibrosis. In contrast, patients with a massive tear appeared to have downregulation of all gene programs except inhibition of myogenesis. CLINICAL RELEVANCE These data highlight the difficulty in treating massive tears and suggest that the timing of treatment may be important for muscle recovery. Specifically, earlier interventions to address tendon injury may allow muscles to respond more appropriately to mechanical stimuli.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Choo
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (A.C., M.M., R.P., S.S., and J.G.L.), Bioengineering (E.J.S. and R.L.L.), and Radiology (S.R.W.), University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (0610), La Jolla, CA 92093. E-mail address for S.R. Ward:
| | - Meagan McCarthy
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (A.C., M.M., R.P., S.S., and J.G.L.), Bioengineering (E.J.S. and R.L.L.), and Radiology (S.R.W.), University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (0610), La Jolla, CA 92093. E-mail address for S.R. Ward:
| | - Rajeswari Pichika
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (A.C., M.M., R.P., S.S., and J.G.L.), Bioengineering (E.J.S. and R.L.L.), and Radiology (S.R.W.), University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (0610), La Jolla, CA 92093. E-mail address for S.R. Ward:
| | - Eugene J. Sato
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (A.C., M.M., R.P., S.S., and J.G.L.), Bioengineering (E.J.S. and R.L.L.), and Radiology (S.R.W.), University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (0610), La Jolla, CA 92093. E-mail address for S.R. Ward:
| | - Richard L. Lieber
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (A.C., M.M., R.P., S.S., and J.G.L.), Bioengineering (E.J.S. and R.L.L.), and Radiology (S.R.W.), University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (0610), La Jolla, CA 92093. E-mail address for S.R. Ward:
| | - Simon Schenk
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (A.C., M.M., R.P., S.S., and J.G.L.), Bioengineering (E.J.S. and R.L.L.), and Radiology (S.R.W.), University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (0610), La Jolla, CA 92093. E-mail address for S.R. Ward:
| | - John G. Lane
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (A.C., M.M., R.P., S.S., and J.G.L.), Bioengineering (E.J.S. and R.L.L.), and Radiology (S.R.W.), University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (0610), La Jolla, CA 92093. E-mail address for S.R. Ward:
| | - Samuel R. Ward
- Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery (A.C., M.M., R.P., S.S., and J.G.L.), Bioengineering (E.J.S. and R.L.L.), and Radiology (S.R.W.), University of California San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive (0610), La Jolla, CA 92093. E-mail address for S.R. Ward:
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Alcohol consumption and hormonal alterations related to muscle hypertrophy: a review. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2014; 11:26. [PMID: 24932207 PMCID: PMC4056249 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-11-26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Detrimental effects of acute and chronic alcohol (ethanol) consumption on human physiology are well documented in the literature. These adversely influence neural, metabolic, cardiovascular, and thermoregulatory functions. However, the side effects of ethanol consumption on hormonal fluctuations and subsequent related skeletal muscle alterations have received less attention and as such are not entirely understood. The focus of this review is to identify the side effects of ethanol consumption on the major hormones related to muscle metabolism and clarify how the hormonal profiles are altered by such consumption.
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Zhu Y, Wang C, Wang X, Li B, Li F. Effect of dietary fiber/starch balance on the cecal proteome of growing rabbits. J Proteomics 2014; 103:23-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2014.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2013] [Revised: 03/15/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Mukund K, Mathewson M, Minamoto V, Ward SR, Subramaniam S, Lieber RL. Systems analysis of transcriptional data provides insights into muscle's biological response to botulinum toxin. Muscle Nerve 2014; 50:744-58. [PMID: 24536034 DOI: 10.1002/mus.24211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Revised: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study provides global transcriptomic profiling and analysis of botulinum toxin A (BoNT-A)-treated muscle over a 1-year period. METHODS Microarray analysis was performed on rat tibialis anterior muscles from 4 groups (n = 4/group) at 1, 4, 12, and 52 weeks after BoNT-A injection compared with saline-injected rats at 12 weeks. RESULTS Dramatic transcriptional adaptation occurred at 1 week with a paradoxical increase in expression of slow and immature isoforms, activation of genes in competing pathways of repair and atrophy, impaired mitochondrial biogenesis, and increased metal ion imbalance. Adaptations of the basal lamina and fibrillar extracellular matrix (ECM) occurred by 4 weeks. The muscle transcriptome returned to its unperturbed state 12 weeks after injection. CONCLUSIONS Acute transcriptional adaptations resemble denervated muscle with some subtle differences, but resolved more quickly compared with denervation. Overall, gene expression across time correlates with the generally accepted BoNT-A time course and suggests that the direct action of BoNT-A in skeletal muscle is relatively rapid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha Mukund
- Bioinformatics and System Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
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Modeling the chemoelectromechanical behavior of skeletal muscle using the parallel open-source software library OpenCMISS. COMPUTATIONAL AND MATHEMATICAL METHODS IN MEDICINE 2013; 2013:517287. [PMID: 24348739 PMCID: PMC3855958 DOI: 10.1155/2013/517287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Revised: 08/28/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
An extensible, flexible, multiscale, and multiphysics model for nonisometric skeletal muscle behavior is presented. The skeletal muscle chemoelectromechanical model is based on a bottom-up approach modeling the entire excitation-contraction pathway by strongly coupling a detailed biophysical model of a half-sarcomere to the propagation of action potentials along skeletal muscle fibers and linking cellular parameters to a transversely isotropic continuum-mechanical constitutive equation describing the overall mechanical behavior of skeletal muscle tissue. Since the multiscale model exhibits separable time scales, a special emphasis is placed on employing computationally efficient staggered solution schemes. Further, the implementation builds on the open-source software library OpenCMISS and uses state-of-the-art parallelization techniques taking advantage of the unique anatomical fiber architecture of skeletal muscles. OpenCMISS utilizes standardized data structures for geometrical aspects (FieldML) and cellular models (CellML). Both standards are designed to allow for a maximum flexibility, reproducibility, and extensibility. The results demonstrate the model's capability of simulating different aspects of nonisometric muscle contraction and efficiently simulating the chemoelectromechanical behavior in complex skeletal muscles such as the tibialis anterior muscle.
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Meyer GA, Schenk S, Lieber RL. Role of the cytoskeleton in muscle transcriptional responses to altered use. Physiol Genomics 2013; 45:321-31. [PMID: 23444318 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.00132.2012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
In this work, the interaction between the loss of a primary component of the skeletal muscle cytoskeleton, desmin, and two common physiological stressors, acute mechanical injury and aging, were investigated at the transcriptional, protein, and whole muscle levels. The transcriptional response of desmin knockout (des(-/-)) plantarflexors to a bout of 50 eccentric contractions (ECCs) showed substantial overlap with the response in wild-type (wt) muscle. However, changes in the expression of genes involved in muscle response to injury were blunted in adult des(-/-) muscle compared with wt (fold change with ECC in des(-/-) and wt, respectively: Mybph, 1.4 and 2.9; Xirp1, 2.2 and 5.7; Csrp3, 1.8 and 4.3), similar to the observed blunted mechanical response (torque drop: des(-/-) 30.3% and wt 55.5%). Interestingly, in the absence of stressors, des(-/-) muscle exhibited elevated expression of many these genes compared with wt. The largest transcriptional changes were observed in the interaction between aging and the absence of desmin, including many genes related to slow fiber pathway (Myh7, Myl3, Atp2a2, and Casq2) and insulin sensitivity (Tlr4, Trib3, Pdk3, and Pdk4). Consistent with these transcriptional changes, adult des(-/-) muscle exhibited a significant fiber type shift from fast to slow isoforms of myosin heavy chain (wt, 5.3% IIa and 71.7% IIb; des(-/-), 8.4% IIa and 61.4% IIb) and a decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake (wt, 0.188 μmol/g muscle/20 min; des(-/-), 0.085 μmol/g muscle/20 min). This work points to novel areas of influence of this cytoskeletal protein and directs future work to elucidate its function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen A Meyer
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, San Diego, CA, USA
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